TR MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND URBANIZATION Pollution Monitoring and Assessment Advisory Group (PMA AG) 24th Meeting

Hacer SELAMOĞLU ÇAĞLAYAN Environment and Urbanization Exp./Chemist 01-02.10.2014 CONTENT

 2013 Monitoring

 General Information

• Eutrophication parameters

• Biota

• Sediment

• Biological monitoring

 2014-2016 Black Sea Monitoring

Integrated Marine Pollution Monitoring/ 2013 Monitoring

«Integrated Pollution Monitoring in Seas» • Aims to provide information for marine and coastal water management strategies. • Black Sea; Mediterrenian Sea, Marmara Sea are involved. • Developed according to Regional Conventions, WFD, MFSD, National Legislation. Integrated Marine Pollution Monitoring/Scope

• Two sampling periods: July-August and October-November, • Monitoring in coastal, transition, marine water, sediment, biota matrices and biological monitoring were done • With the monitoring data;  Assessment of status and quality classification (coastal water)  Assessment of sensitive areas (acc. to national legislation),  Determination risky areas of eutrophication and mucilage,  Trend analysis,  Assessment of land based pollutants ( basins)  Assessment according the bathing water data (from MoH) • Observing new and foreign species in trawl stations, • Microplastic research, • Pollution mapping.

Black Sea Monitoring Network

• 70 stations from İğneada to Hopa has been monitored in 2013 along the Black Sea coast of . • Classified as: 26 coastal water, 5 transition water, 40 marine water. • There are 4 trawl stations. • 2 microplastic stations.

General Information

BLACK SEA STATION • Corporations and institutions (laboratories) involved: NUMBER - Private Company (Hydrographic and oceanographic experts, Physicochemical 70 geographical information system experts) parameters - Private Laboratory (Authorized, acrredidated) (marine water, sediment, biota analysis) Sediment 16 - University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences (biological search) - Rize University, Faculty of Aquaculture (microplastic survey) Trend analysis in 17 sediment • Data reported to: Biota 4 - Ministry of Environment and Urbanization - Black Sea Commission Trawl (fish, algae, 4 - European Environment Agency (EEA) macrozoobenthic, Secchi depth, • Financing assured by: CTD, %dissolved Ministry of Environment and Urbanization oxygen) • QA/QC assurance obtained by intercalibration tests, Phytoplankton, 25 accreditation, inspection of the Ministry and the laboratory attended to Quasimeme intercalibraion tests Macrozoobenthic 20 (heavy metals in biota, chlorophyl-a in marine water and passed the tests) Algae 17 (4 from trawl)=21

Monitored parameters

Marine Water Sediment Biota Biological

Temperature, Metals Metals Phytoplancton

Salinity, PCB PCB Macrozoobenthic

Conductivity, Pesticide Pesticide Fish

Secchi depth, PAH PAH Macro algae

Dissolved O2 TOC EOM (extractable Chlorophyll-a organic matter) Oxygen Saturation % TON (species, size, abundance, variety…) + o-PO4 Microplastic Total P,

SiO2,

NO3+NO2+NH4 -N Microplastic Eutrophication Parameters- Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen

1st and 2nd monitoring periods of Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen eutrophication levels (DIN= NO3-NO2-NH4-N). All of the stations are oligtotrophic in all monitoring seasons. Eutrophication parameters-total phosphorus

1st and 2nd monitoring periods of TP change and trophic level graph. In the 1st period hypertrophic stations were observed, but in the second period phosphorus levels were decreased. Eutrophication parameters-Chlorophyl a

1st and 2nd monitoring periods of chlorophyll-a change and trophic level graph. According to chlorophyl-a assesment there is not an eutrophication risk along the coast. Eutrophication Parameters-Secchi depth

1st and 2nd observation term for change of flocculation and trophic level graph. In the 1st period there are not any hypertorphic and eutrophic stations. In the 2nd period TRK 10 (Sakarya Control) and Bartın Control (TRK 16) eutrophic and the stations of Sakarya River mouth (TRK 10A) and Bartın River mouths are hypereutrophic. Eutrophication assessment

Assesment shows; potential gray areas as; Sakarya River Mouth, (TRK10A), Filyos River Mouth (TRK13A), stations near Sinop (TRK26, TRK27, TRK28, TRK29) Along Ünye-Samsun-Bafra coast is sensitive area.

Biota stations

In 7 stations M.barbatus species were sampled and analysed as triple replicates for the assesments of pollution in biota. Biota-metals

• Heavy metal values are high in trawl 3 and trawl 4 stations.

Biota-metals

Biota-Total PAH

15 PAH parameters and TPAH were studied in fish filet.. 3 replicates were collected from each stations All results are smaller than detection limits. Biota-pesticide

Pesticide-filet Biota-PCB

PCB-Filet Sediment Monitoring- Metals

• 33 stations were monitored, in 17 stations trend analysis were done. • To assess the pollution EF- Enrcihment Factor were calculated. • no antropogenic pollution for Chromium, Cadmium, Zinc and Copper • There are pollutions in TRK 22 İnebolu Control and TRK 44 Ordu Control points for lead. • Mercury pollution in TRK 52 (Samsun Control)

Sediment-Pesticide and TPAH

Classification of shores of Black Sea Region with respect to total pesticide and TPAH pollution in the sediment according to WFD Sediment-TOC and TKN Water chemical status (WFD)

NOT POLLUTED LOW POLLUTED MEDIUM POLLUTED POLLUTED HİGHLY POLLUTED Ecological Conditions acc. To Biologic parameters- benthic species

High Quality Good (İ) Moderate (O) Poor (K) Bad (ÇK) (Çİ) Phytoplankton

S N*104 H’ EKD-H’** J’ 1-S d Çİ TRK1 28 101 4,54 0,944 0,951 1,953 S: species number, N: Number of Çİ TRK4 32 292,8 4,773 0,955 0,964 2,082 Çİ individuals, H: dominancy Simpson TRK7 30 105,3 4,692 0,956 0,956 2,091 Çİ ispecies variety index Shannon-Wiener, TRK10 26 104,4 4,519 0,962 0,951 1,804 Çİ J’: Pielou's evenness index, 1-S: species TRK10A 28 155,2 4,501 0,936 0,950 1,894 Çİ ndex, d:Species richness Margalef index TRKE1 42 347,3 5,053 0,937 0,967 2,722 Çİ TRK13 36 118,3 4,978 0,963 0,964 2,503 Çİ TRK13A 33 179,6 4,767 0,945 0,960 2,222 Çİ TRK16 37 281,1 5,108 0,981 0,969 2,424 Çİ First term phytoplankton TRK19 37 304,4 5,082 0,976 0,969 2,411 Çİ TRK19A 26 83 4,457 0,948 0,948 1,834 assessment at 25 points. İ TRK22 19 54,6 3,941 0,928 0,926 1,363 İ TRK25 20 53,6 3,971 0,919 0,929 1,440 Çİ TRK28 21 45 4,17 0,950 0,940 1,536 Çİ TRK31A 19 126 4,088 0,962 0,936 1,281 Çİ TRK32 23 41,9 4,271 0,944 0,941 1,699 Çİ TRK34Y 43 231,5 5,053 0,931 0,964 1,699 Çİ TRK37 24 153,6 4,228 0,922 0,938 1,615 High Good (İ) Moderate Poor Bad Çİ TRK37A 19 91 4,377 0,954 0,936 1,312 Quality (O) (K) (ÇK) Çİ TRK43 23 57,9 4,054 0,968 0,947 1,658 (Çİ) Çİ TRK46 25 192,9 4,488 0,967 0,952 1,658 İ TRK53 21 14,5 3,812 0,869 0,921 1,683 Çİ TRK55 22 183,2 4,201 0,942 0,939 1,456 Çİ TRK58 22 115,8 4,253 0,954 0,940 1,504 İ TRK61 15 39,5 3,621 0,927 0,906 1,086 Phytoplankton

S N H’ EKD-H’** J’ 1-S d TRK1 23 14,7 4,44 Çİ 0,981 0,950 1,849 TRK4 23 15,46 4,412 Çİ 0,975 0,949 1,841 TRK7 23 11 4,321 Çİ 0,955 0,943 1,895 Second term TRK10 25 12,53 3,633 İ 0,782 0,782 2,044 phytoplankton TRK10A 28 17,25 3,43 İ 0,713 0,838 2,239 TRKE1 34 30,29 4,717 Çİ 0,927 0,955 2,614 assessment TRK13 22 16,3 4,196 Çİ 0,940 0,937 1,749 Çİ TRK13A 23 16,84 4,229 0,935 0,939 1,828 S: species number, N: Number TRK16 26 25,09 4,33 Çİ 0,921 0,941 2,010 TRK19 31 29,69 4,817 Çİ 0,972 0,947 2,380 of individuals, H: species TRK19A 34 32,46 4,858 Çİ 0,954 0,962 2,600 variety index Shannon-Wiener, Çİ TRK22 24 11,9 4,229 0,937 0,940 1,968 J’: Pielou's evenness index, 1- TRK25 22 11,2 4,33 Çİ 0,970 0,946 1,806 TRK28 21 11,7 4,858 Çİ 0,970 0,880 1,713 S: species dominancy TRK31A 25 35,4 4,421 Çİ 1,115 0,958 1,878 Simpson index, d:Species Çİ TRK32 24 12,6 4,394 0,952 0,947 1,958 richness Margalef index TRK34Y 33 33,9 4,727 Çİ 0,958 0,956 2,519 TRK37 25 29,4 4,399 Çİ 0,937 0,964 1,906 TRK37A 21 28,9 4,222 Çİ 0,947 0,941 1,590 TRK43 25 13,1 4,453 Çİ 0,961 0,949 2,036 High Good (İ) Moderate Poor Bad TRK46 25 42,2 4,561 Çİ 0,958 0,955 1,852 Quality (O) (K) (ÇK) TRK53 22 7,5 3,948 Çİ 0,982 0,912 1,870 (Çİ) TRK55 23 25,4 4,434 Çİ 0,885 0,951 1,767 TRK58 24 32,3 4,448 Çİ 0,970 0,950 1,813 TRK61 18 11,1 4,08 Çİ 0,978 0,938 1,463 Macroalgae

H’ EKD-H’** J’ D TRK 1 2,103 O 0,701 1,843 TRAWL1 2,477 O 0,826 1,756 TRK 7 2,477 O 0,746 2,370 TRAWL2 1,968 K 0,592 2,287 TRK 10A 3,119 İ 0,780 2,975 TRK E1 2,638 O 0,660 3,241 TRK 13 2,600 O 0,703 2,582 TRK 13A 2,518 O 0,728 2,344 TRK 19A 2,347 O 0,655 2,461 TRK 22 2,368 O 0,685 2,454 TRK 28 2,881 O 0,705 3,010 TRAWL3 1,769 K 0,630 1,394 TRK 31A 2,454 O 0,739 2,196 TRK 34Y 2,572 O 0,811 1,787 TRK 37A 2,958 O 0,799 2,658 TRK 43 2,020 O 0,637 2,131 TRAWL4 2,542 O 0,735 2,373 TRK 46 2,703 O 0,814 2,223 TRK 53 2,180 O 0,727 1,719 TRK 55 2,084 O 0,742 1,590 TRK 61 2,215 O 0,699 2,262 High Quality (Çİ) Good (İ) Moderate (O) Poor (K) Bad (ÇK) Percentage rates of macro Ecological quality index w/t macroalgae; in 21 algae groups detected in Black stations. Generally all of the stations are in Sea shores. the most dominant moderate quality group is RHODOPHYTA(50%).

**H’, BAD (1-2), Middle (O)2-3, Good (İ) 3-4 H: species variety index Shannon-Wiener, J Pielou's evenness index, 1-S: species dominancy Simpson index, d:Species richness Margalef index Microplastic

TRK 31 A TRK 46 Microplastic in the Sea Water Plancton net size 55 55 (μm) Microplastic amount 5835 8426 (particle/m3) Massive amount 0,54 0,87 (mg/L) Microplastic in Sediment Microplastic amount 1120 963 (particle/m3) Massive amount 1,05 0,72 (mg/kg wet sediment) Thank you for your attention

REVISION OF NATIONAL MONITORING 2014-2016 Black Sea Monitoring For MSFD-Good Ecological Status evaluations; 5 marine sub-evaluation areas and 16 water management units were desginated by considering hyrdomorphology, pressures, and the conditions. Sub evaluation marine areas; West Black Sea, Middle-West Black Sea, Sinop, Yeşilırmak-Kızılırmak Region, and East Black Sea. General Information

• This programme has already been started and wil be achieved in the coordination of the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization and TUBITAK, • 6 universities and Turkish Atomic Energy Authority will be involved (for all of the seas around Turkey) • This programme is an interim programme, after 2016 it will be updated ac.to more MSFD relevant indicators (like D1, D3, D4 indicators)

Year Black Sea PARAMETERS Station Frequency Number Physicochemical parameters (CTD, pH, in situ 2014 70 1 floresans, SDD, ÇO, % Oxygen saturation, TP, 2015 70 2

DIN (NO3-N+NO2-N+NH4-N), DIP (PO4-P), Si) and 2016 70 2 Chlorophyl-a in water column Sediment (heavy metals, PCB, Pesticide, PAH, 2014 - - %org-C, %N) 2015 - - 2016 16 1 Sediment trend analysis (heavy metals, PCB, 2014 10 (*3) 1 Pesticide, PAH,%org-C, %N) 2015 10(*3) 1 2016 10(*3) 1 Biota (Heavy metals, PCB, Pesticide, PAH, EOM) 2014 5 (*3) 1 (trend analysis) 2015 5(*3) 1 2016 5(*3) 1

Phytoplancton 2014 16 2 2015 16 2 2016 16 2 Macrozoobenthic 2014- 15 1 2016 PARAMETERS Year Black Sea Station Frequency Number Macroaalgae 2014 10 1 2015 10 1 2016 10 1 Microplastic (further methods; FTIR, organic 2014 2 1 analysis) 2015 2 1 2016 2 1 Radioactivity (in water column and sediment) (for 2014 1 area 1 some of basic radionucleids; 90Sr, 137Cs, 226Ra, 2015 1 area 1 238U, 239,240Pu.. 2016 1 area 1

Monitoring acc to MSFD (stock limits of fish, 2014 - marine litter and pollution levels with concerning 2015 Ind.chosen human health, biodiversity ind.) 2016 5 1 open waters monitoring (5 transects up to 20 nm) 2014 5 -10 area 2 2015 5 -10 area 2

2016 5 –10 area 2 «Marine Environmental Status Assessment Report» will be prepared at the end of this 3 years. (as a summary report) “1. National Marine Monitoring and Assessment Symposium» will be held in 2016.