THE IMPACT OF

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS ON

STUDENT’S ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS

By

Rooh ul Ain Laiqa

(093 – NUN – 0389)

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of

Doctor of Philosophy.

In

Education

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

FACULTY OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

NORTHERN UNIVERSITY, NOWSHERA (PAKISTAN)

2012

i DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the material presented in my thesis, titled, “The Impact of

Environmental Quality of School Buildings on Student’s Academic Achievements” completed under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Rabia Tabassum, is my own work and nothing is plagiarized.

______

Rooh ul Ain Laiqa

CERTIFICATION

I certify that that the contents and format of the thesis submitted by Rooh ul Ain

Laiqa have been found satisfactory and the work is original to the best of my knowledge.

I recommend it to be processed for evaluation by External Examiners for the award of the degree.

______

(Prof. Dr. Rabia Tabassum)

ii APPROVAL SHEET

It is certified that the contents and format of the thesis, titled, “The Impact of Environmental Quality of School Buildings on Student’s Academic Achievements”, submitted by Rooh ul Ain Laiqa have been found satisfactory for the requirements of the degree, hence, approved for the award of Ph. D. degree in Education.

Supervisor: ______

(Prof. Dr. Rabia Tabassum)

Member: ______

(Prof. Dr. R. A. Farooq)

Member: ______

(Dr. Zil-e-Huma)

External Examiner:______

(Dr. Riasat Ali)

Date: 19.03.2013

Dean Director

Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Board of Advanced Studies and Research

iii

DEDICATION

I consecrate this thesis to my adored parents whose love and prayers enabled me to

complete this study

iv TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgements xvii

Abstract xix

Definition of terms xxi

1 INTRODUCTION 01

1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 05

1.2 OBJECTIVES 05

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 06

1.4 HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY 07

1.5 DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY 07

1.6 METHOD AND PROCEDURE OF THE STUDY 08

1.7 ANALYSIS OF DATA 09

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 10

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 11

2.1 ENVIRONMENT 11

2.1.1 Natural and Man-made Environment 12

2.1.2 Outdoor and Indoor Environment 12

2.2 ATTRIBUTES OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENT 12

2.2.1 Lighting and Daylighting 13

2.2.2 Ventilation and Air Quality 15

2.2.3 Thermal Comfort 18

2.2.4 Noise 29

v 2.2.5 Crowding and Level of Occupancy 22

2.3 WORK AND LEARNING ENVIRONMENT 22

2.3.1 Work Environment 22

2.3.2 Learning Environment 24

2.4 CONSIDERATIONS IN LEARNING 25

ENVIRONMENT

2.4.1 Daylighting and Indoor Light in Classroom 27

2.4.2 Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality 28

2.4.3 Thermal Comfort 28

2.4.4 Noise 30

2.4.5 Crowding and Level of Occupancy 31

2.6 EVALUATION OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT 32

2.6.1 Lighting and Daylighting 36

2.6.2 Ventilation and Air Quality 37

2.6.3 Thermal Comfort 38

2.6.4 Noise 38

2.6.5 Crowding and Level of Occupancy 39

2.7 Formulation of Instrument for Survey 40

2.8 Environmental Standards for Educational 43

Buildings

2.9 EPITOME 45

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES 46

3 METHOD AND PROCEDURE 50

vi 3.1 POPULATION 50

3.2 SAMPLING 50

3.2.1 Sampling of Students 51

3.2.2 Sampling of Subject Matter 51

3.2.3 Sampling the Teacher 52

3.3 INSTRUMENTATION 53

3.3.1 Baseline Information 53

3.3.2 Achievement Test 53

3.3.3 Contents of Subject Matter 54

3.3.4 Instruction for the Teacher 54

3.4 CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING EVALUATION 55

3.4.1 Preparation and Validation of Checklist 56

3.4.2 Preparation 56

3.4.3 Validation 57

3.5 DESIGN OF THE STUDY 58

3.6 PROCEDURE 60

3.6.1 Formulation of Baseline 61

3.6.2 Pre-treatment Condition 61

3.6.3 Appointment of Research Assistants 61

3.6.3 Treatment 61

3.6.4 Administration and Scoring of Post-test 62

3.6.5 Scoring Criteria 62

3.6.6 The Checklist 62

vii 3.7 ANALYSIS OF DATA 63

4 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 64

4.1 INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS 120

4.2 DISCUSSION 136

5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND 126

RECOMMENDATIONS

SUMMARY 130

CONCLUSIONS 137

RECOMMENDATIONS 135

BIBLIOGRAPHY 138

APPENDICES

Appendix – A List of Schools and Colleges Selected as Sample 149

Appendix – B Team of Experts for the Selection of Subject 151

Matter

Appendix – C List of Teachers Selected for the Study 152

Appendix – D Post Test 154

Appendix – E Team of Experts for the Preparation of Post Test 158

Appendix – F Course Contents 159

Appendix – G Team of Experts for the Preparation/ Validation of 160

Checklist

Appendix – H Checklist (Rating Scale for Post Occupancy 161

Evaluation of School Buildings)

viii Appendix – I Award List of Students 164

Appendix – J Permission of Empirical Study 194

Appendix – K Team of Experts for the Review/ Validation of 196

Check List

Appendix – L Instructions for the Teachers 197

ix LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

1 Comparison of Pakistan with Other Regional Countries in Terms of 02

HDI Values

2 Acceptable Ranges of Temperature and Relative Humidity for Comfort 29

3 Area Covered in Functional Performance Evaluation 41

4 Area Covered in Technical Performance Review 41

5 Paired-Samples Statistics of Government Higher Secondary Schools 65

(Male and Female), Abbottabad: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

6 Paired-Sample Correlation of Government Higher Secondary Schools 66

(Male and Female), Abbottabad: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

7 T – Test Results of Government Higher Secondary Schools (Male and 67

Female), Abbottabad: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

8 Paired-Samples Statistics of Government Degree Colleges (Female and 68

Male), Abbottabad: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

9 Paired-Sample Correlation of Government Degree Colleges (Female 69

and Male), Abbottabad: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

10 T – Test Results of Government Degree Colleges (Female and Male), 70

Abbottabad: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

x 11 Paired-Samples Statistics of Government Higher Secondary Schools 71

(Male and Female), Bannu: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

12 Paired-Sample Correlation of Government Higher Secondary Schools 72

(Male and Female), Bannu: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

13 T – Test Results of Government Higher Secondary Schools (Male and 73

Female), Bannu: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

14 Paired-Samples Statistics of Government Degree Colleges (Female and 74

Male), Bannu: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

15 Paired-Sample Correlation of Government Degree Colleges (Female 75

and Male), Bannu: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

16 T – Test Results of Government Degree Colleges (Female and Male), 76

Bannu: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

17 Paired-Samples Statistics of Government Higher Secondary Schools 77

(Male and Female), D.I.Khan: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

18 Paired-Sample Correlation of Government Higher Secondary Schools 78

(Male and Female), D.I.Khan: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

19 T – Test Results of Government Higher Secondary Schools (Male and 79

Female), D.I.Khan: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

20 Paired-Samples Statistics of Government Degree Colleges (Female and 80

Male), D.I.Khan: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

21 Paired-Sample Correlation of Government Degree Colleges (Female 81

and Male), D.I.Khan: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

22 T – Test Results of Government Degree Colleges (Female and Male), 82

xi D.I.Khan: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

23 Paired-Samples Statistics of Government Higher Secondary Schools 83

(Male and Female), Peshawar: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

24 Paired-Sample Correlation of Government Higher Secondary Schools 84

(Male and Female), Peshawar: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

25 T – Test Results of Government Higher Secondary Schools (Male and 85

Female), Peshawar: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

26 Paired-Samples Statistics of Government Degree Colleges (Female and 86

Male), Peshawar: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

27 Paired-Sample Correlation of Government Degree Colleges (Female 87

and Male), Peshawar: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

28 T – Test Results of Government Degree Colleges (Female and Male), 88

Peshawar: Pre-Observation and Post-Test

29 Paired-Samples Statistics of the Pre-observation Scores of Government 89

Higher Secondary Schools (Female and Male) and Government Degree

Colleges (Female and Male)

30 Paired-Sample Correlation of the Pre-observation Scores of Government 90

Higher Secondary Schools (Female and Male) and Government Degree

Colleges (Female and Male)

31 T – Test Results of the Pre-observation Scores of Government Higher 91

Secondary Schools (Female and Male) and Government Degree

Colleges (Female and Male)

32 Paired-Samples Statistics of the Post-Test Scores of Government Higher 92

xii Secondary Schools (Female and Male) and Government Degree

Colleges (Female and Male)

33 Paired-Sample Correlation of the Post-Test Scores of Government 93

Higher Secondary Schools (Female and Male) and Government Degree

Colleges (Female and Male)

34 T – Test Results of the Post-Test Scores of Government Higher 94

Secondary Schools (Female and Male) and Government Degree

Colleges (Female and Male)

35 Paired-Samples Statistics of the Pre-Observation and Post-Test Scores 95

of Government Higher Secondary Schools (Female and Male)

36 Paired-Sample Correlation of the Pre-Observation and Post-Test Scores 95

of Government Higher Secondary Schools (Female and Male)

37 T – Test Results of the Pre-Observation and Post-Test Scores of 96

Government Higher Secondary Schools (Female and Male)

38 Paired-Samples Statistics of the Pre-Observation and Post-Test Scores 97

of Government Degree Colleges (Female and Male)

39 Paired-Sample Correlation of the Pre-Observation and Post-Test Scores 97

of Government Degree Colleges (Female and Male)

40 T – Test Results of the Pre-Observation and Post-Test Scores of 98

Government Degree Colleges (Female and Male)

41 POE Rating of School/ College Buildings 100

42 Comparison between Buildings’ POE Values and Difference of Mean 102

Scores (Pre-Observation and Post-Test)

xiii 43 Relationship between Lighting and Daylighting and Difference of Mean 106

Scores (Pre-observation and Post-test)

44 Relationship between Indoor Air Quality in Building and Difference of 109

Mean Scores (Pre-observation and Post-test)

45 Relationship between Thermal Comfort in Building and Difference of 112

Mean Scores (Pre-observation and Post-test)

46 Relationship between Acoustic Efficiency of Building and Difference of 115

Mean Scores (Pre-observation and Post-test)

47 Relationship between Crowding in Building and Difference of Mean 118

Scores (Pre-observation and Post-test)

xiv LIST OF FIGURES

FIG/ NO. TITLE PAGE

2.1 The foyer of Finsbury Health Centre: an example of wall 14

glazing

2.2 Adjustment in the window size significantly alters the wind 16

cooling effect

2.3 Triangular causal relationship of health causation model 17

2.4 Wavelength, frequency and audible sounds 20

2.5 Common sounds in decibels 21

2.6 Factors which affect productivity 23

2.7 Reflectance of light (in %) at various surfaces of a classroom 27

2.8 Sound as it Reflects from Various Surfaces and Reaches the 30

Audience

2.9 Minimum Requirements for Arranging Tablet Chairs in 32

Classrooms

2.10 An Integrative Framework for Building Performance Evaluation 33

2.11 Elements and Levels of Building Performance Evaluation 34

2.12 A conceptual model for the appraisal of spaces 35

2.13 The investigation process of Indoor Air Quality 37

2.14 Occupants Indoor Environmental Quality Survey Structure 42

xv 3.1 Hierarchy Among Population, Sample and Elements 51

3.2 After-Only Design 69

3.3 Independent, Dependent, Extraneous and Intervening Variables 60

4.1 Comparison between Buildings’ POE Values and Difference of 104

Mean Scores (Pre-Observation and Post-Test)

4.2 Relationship between Lighting and Daylighting in Buildings 107

and Difference of Mean Scores

4.3 Relationship between Indoor Air Quality of Buildings and 110

Difference of Mean Scores

4.4 Relationship between Thermal Comfort in Buildings and 113

Difference of Mean Scores

4.5 Relationship between Acoustics Efficiency of Buildings and 116

Difference of Mean Scores

4.6 Relationship between Crowding and Level of Occupancy in 119

Buildings and Difference of Mean Scores

xvi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The present study is the end product of extensive efforts by the researcher. It can’t claim, however, to do full justice to the study, but it is heartening to note that almost the entire treatises are original and genuine. The researcher humbly bows her head before

Allah almighty for enabling her to complete her task.

The researcher owes the Prof. Dr. R A Farooq Chairman and Dean Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Department of Education, Northern University, Nowshera, a great debt of gratitude for encouraging, inspiring, and guiding her from time to time to make this research a presentable. He deserves a place of respect and honor for his unrelenting and valuable contribution towards this research.

The researcher is also grateful to Prof. Dr. Rabia Tabassum, HOD Education

Department, Northern University, Nowshera, for providing valuable guidance and precious suggestions for the completion of this thesis.

The researcher extends her deep homage and gratitude to her brother Architect

Shahid Mansoor Khan, Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, University of

Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Abbotabad Campus, who unfailingly and very kindly directed and guided the researcher as and when requested, by his valuable thoughts and precious advices.

The researcher is especially thankful to all those teachers of higher secondary schools and colleges, who assisted her in conducting experiment and collecting data.

She wishes to express her gratitude to Architect Waqar Khattak, Department of

Architecture, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Abbotabad Campus, for his valuable cooperation in this study.

xvii Thanks are also due to Librarian and Clerical Staff of Northern University, for the cooperation which was found valuable in this study.

The researcher offers her gratitude to all the faculty members of Department of

Education and Research, Northern University, for their moral support and good wishes.

Last but not the least, researcher pays attribute of respect to her father who motivated and encouraged to get admission in Ph. D., whose unfailing help, guidance and patience enabled the researcher to complete this study.

Rooh-ul-Ain Laiqa

xviii ABSTRACT

The problem understudy was to investigate “the impact of environmental quality of school buildings on student’s academic achievements”, with the objectives to bring forth environmental quality of school buildings, and, to determine and evaluate its importance. All government higher secondary schools (male and female) and all government degree colleges (male and female) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa constitute the population of this research, whereas to conduct this empirical study, students of two government higher secondary schools and two government degree colleges from four districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were selected as sample. The study was delimited to the subject of English. Hundred students of intermediate part-I from each selected institute were taken as sample. The duration of the experiment was three weeks. Academic qualifications and training backgrounds of subject specialists and lecturers of respective institutes were considered to be equal. To set a baseline about the academic level of students in this post-test only design, their marks in the subject of English at Secondary level was considered. Prior to the commencement of the study, detailed information on the five selected variables was obtained by carefully filling the questionnaire designed for this purpose in a walk through survey of post occupancy evaluation of selected buildings.

After three weeks, the academic achievement of students was evaluated through post test.

Data obtained through aforementioned tools was analyzed; the Mean, Variance,

Standard Deviation, Standard Error Mean, Correlation and T-test was computed from the collected data and was interpreted. All the information collected was analyzed and presented through tables and graphs.

xix Findings of the study revealed a considerable impact of the environmental quality on student’s academic achievement. Results obtained from the analysis of the data gathered in the walk-through survey, while revealing interesting facts about institutional buildings, also endorsed the findings.

xx DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Atria

Plural of atrium: in a contemporary building, a large vertical space, often centrally

located, that connects three or more floors and creates a sense of spaciousness (Harris

2006, p. 64). A large central space or court with a glazed roof (Davies & Jokiniemi

2008, p. 25)

2. Circadian rhythm

Chemical and physiological changes in human body due to the cycle of day and night

to control the functions – sleep and awakening – accordingly.

3. Foot-candle

A unit to measure the illuminance of a space.

4. Green building

Sometimes also referred to as the zero-energy building is a building which generates

as much amount of energy as it consumes without adding pollutants in terms of

especially carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

5. HVAC

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning system, usually used for mechanically

operated such system.

6. IAQ

Indoor air quality (of an enclosed or interior space).

7. Illumination

The quality of light; lighting; enlightment

xxi 8. NESPAK

National Engineering Services of Pakistan

9. POE

Post-occupancy evaluation (of a building).

10. SAD

Seasonal affective disorder is a kind of depression caused due the lack or absence of

day lighting.

11. SAARC

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

12. SBS

Sick building syndrome is a disease caused due to poor indoor air quality of a

building/ interior space.

13. Spatial

Something related to space

xxii Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

The concept of development has been changing through decades from a mere

measurement of economic growth through GDP to the theory of Human Development

Index (HDI) in the early nineties. Human Development Index (HDI) integrated life

expectancy and literacy with the economy to indicate the level of development

(Wikipedia). Economic growth is, surely, impossible without educating, training and

empowering the general masses of a contemporary nation country. That is why most of

the developed countries are spending a handsome share of their total GDP on the

education sector. No doubt, investment in the education sector pay backs faster than the

investment in any other sector (Velde, 2005; Desai et al 2010, p. 25).

It is recognized, universally, that at a minimum level, not less than 4% of the total

GDP of a country should be allocated for the education to achieve the desired literacy

rates whereas in the year 2006, an average of 5.1% GDP was being spent on education

throughout the world (UNDP, 2010, p. 38). USA was spending 5.9% of its GDP on

education in the recent years (Jain 2007), whereas Pakistan accorded least priority to

education sector relative to its fellow countries in South Asia (Husain et al., 2003).

Evidences (UNDP, 2010) are there to prove that Pakistan holds relatively

lower position in the list of mean and expected years of schooling. This also shows a least

interest in the investment in education sector by the authorities. Other countries in the

region are demonstrating their curiosity in this regard (Table 1). There is a paradigm shift

being experienced in countries where once education was thought to be a charitable and

1

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Divided into three major sections, the review of related literature forms a theoretical framework for the current study, presents an overview of the precedents and examines the relationship between the findings of the current study and similar studies on the topic conducted previously. The organization of the chapter follows the sequence given hereunder:

Part – I Theoretical framework

Part – II Review of the related studies

10

Chapter 3

METHOD AND PROCEDURE

This chapter covers the design and methods of the research. It has been divided into the following parts:

1. Population

2. Sampling

3. Instrumentation

4. Design of the study

5. Procedure

6. Description of statistics and the analysis of data

3.1 POPULATION

Students of intermediate part I of all 280 Government Higher Secondary Schools

(191 male and 89 female), 129 Government Degree Colleges (80 male and 49 female) and 14 Post Graduate Colleges (13 male and 01 female) of the 24 districts of Khyber

Pakhtunkhwa comprised the population of the study.

3.2 SAMPLE

This was an empirical study (Kothari, 2004, p. 04; Singh, 2006, p. 09) and every possible care was taken during sampling of the components formulating the entire study.

Various procedures were adopted for the sampling of students, subject and teachers which have been discussed in detail in the following sections.

50 Chapter 4

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter deals with the presentation and analysis of data. Statistical methods

including mean, standard deviation, variance, t-test and z-test (where required) for each of the school/ college were applied for the analysis of data.

The chapter has further been bifurcated into three parts. Part – I presents the

tabulation and analysis of Baseline scores and Post-test. Part – II is dedicated to the data

obtained by the checklist used in the walkthrough survey of the school/ college buildings.

This data presented a picture of the school building conditions in the sample frame. The

third part of the chapter presents the relationship between school building and the

achievement scores.

64 130

Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 SUMMARY

Quality of environment depends upon certain aspects including lighting, noise,

thermal comfort, indoor air quality and the level of occupancy or crowding. Major

objectives of the study were: (1) To ascertain a definition of environmental quality of a

space; (2) To bring in light the importance of school buildings’ environmental quality and

to set path and suitable method for the evaluation environmental quality; (3) to draw the

attention of prospective researchers to these hitherto somewhat unnoticed aspects of

effective teaching-learning process; and (4) to examine the environmental quality of

learning spaces in the existing school and college buildings in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

province of the country.

For the achievement of objectives of the study, null hypotheses tested included:

(1) There is no significant difference between the mean scores of base-line of higher

secondary schools and government degree colleges; (2) There is no significant difference

between the mean scores of base-line and post-test of government degree colleges; (3)

There is no significant difference between the mean scores of the base-line and post-test

of government higher secondary schools; and (4) There is no significant difference

between the mean scores of post-test of both government higher secondary schools and

government degree colleges.

Sixteen educational institutions including higher secondary schools and colleges were taken from randomly selected four districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa including

130

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ahmed, A. U. & Kuenning, M. A. (2003). Do Crowded Classrooms Crowd Out Learning? Evidence From the Food for Education Programme in Bangladesh. Washington, D. C.: World Food Programme.

Allen, R. L., Brown, J. T., Clabaugh, S., Dewitt, B. B., Frances, J., Kersletter, J. P. & Rieck, D. A. (1996). Classroom Design Manual (3rd edn.). University of Maryland: Office of Information Technology, College Park.

Aly, J. H. (2007). Education in Pakistan: A White Paper. Islamabad: Ministry of Education. http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Pakistan/Pakistan%20National%20Educat ion%20Policy%20Review%20WhitePaper.pdf

Bacolod, M. & Tobias, J. L. (2005). Schools, School Quality and Achievement Growth: Evidence from Philippines. http://www.socsci.uci.edu/~mbacolod/cebu_schlrank.pdf

Baird, G., Gray, J., Isaacs, N., Kernohan, D. & McIndoe, G. (1996). Building Evaluation Techniques. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Baker, L. (2012). A History of School Design and its Indoor Environmental Standards, 1900 to Today. Washington, DC: National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities. http://www.ncef.org/pubs/greenschoolshistory.pdf

Bay, J. H. & Ong, B. L. (2006). Tropical Sustainable Architecture: Social and Environmental Dimensions. Oxford: Architectural Press.

Bell, N. (2006). Space Invaders: A Good Practice Guide for Museum Education Spaces. Newcastle upon Tyne: North East Museums, Libraries and Archives Council.

Bell, P. A; Greene, T. C; Fisher, J. D. & Baum, A. (2000). Environmental Psychology. Islamabad: National Book Foundation.

Berry, M. A. (2002). Healthy School Environment and Enhanced Educational Performance: The Case of Charles Young Elementary School Washington, DC. Carpet and Rug Institue. http://www.carpet-health.org/pdf/CharlesYoungElementary.pdf

Bissell, J. (2004). Teachers’ Construction of Space and Place: The Method in the Madness. Forum, 46 (1): 28-32

138 149

APPENDIX – A

LIST OF SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES SELECTED AS SAMPLE

No. of S/ No. District School/ College Students

Government Girls’ Higher Secondary 1 Abbottabad 100 School No.

2 Abbottabad Government Higher Secondary School No. 100

3 Abbottabad Government Girls’ College 100

Government Post-Graduate College, 4 Abbottabad 100 Mandian

Government Girls’ Higher Secondary 5 Bannu 100 School No. 2, Tanchi Bazar

Government Comprehensive Higher 6 Bannu 17 Secondary School

7 Bannu Government Girls’ Post-Graduate College 100

Government Degree College Sikandar Khel 8 Bannu 100 Bala

Government Girls’ Higher Secondary 9 Dera Ismail Khan 100 School No. 6

Government Higher Secondary School No. 10 Dera Ismail Khan 100 4

11 Dera Ismail Khan Government Girls’ Degree College No. 2 100

150

12 Dera Ismail Khan Government Degree College No. 2 100

Government Comprehensive Girls’ Higher 13 Peshawar 100 Secondary School

Government Higher Secondary School No. 14 Peshawar 100 4, Kakshal

15 Peshawar Government Frontier College for Women 100

16 Peshawar Government Degree College Hayatabad 100

TOTAL 1517

151

APPENDIX – B

TEAM OF EXPERTS FOR THE SELECTION OF SUBJECT MATTER

1. Prof. Dr. R. A. Farooq Dean Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Director Department of Education and Research Northern University Nowshera

2. Prof. Dr. Rabia Tabassum Professor Department of Education and Research Northern University From IER Northern University Northern From IER Nowshera

3. Ata Ullah Jan Khan Principal Muslim Model High School Dera Ismail khan

Principal (Rtd.) Government Elementary College

From Private Sector Sector Private From Dera Ismail Khan

4. Shazia Yousuf Subject Specialist (English) Government Girls’ Higher Secondary School No. 5 Dera Ismail Khan

5. Akhtar Abbas Subject Specialist (Statistics) Instructor Regional Institute of Teacher Education Dera Ismail Khan Subject Specialists from Schools Subject Specialists from Schools

152

APPENDIX – C

LIST OF TEACHERS SELECTED FOR THE STUDY

S/ Name Qualification Age District School/ College No. (Yrs)

Government Girls’ Higher Secondary School Madeeha Samad M. A., M. Ed. 1 Abbottabad 37 No.

2 Abbottabad Government Higher Secondary School No. Nisar Ahmed M. A., M. Ed. 37

3 Abbottabad Government Girls’ College Falak Naz M. A., B. Ed. 38

4 Abbottabad Government Post-Graduate College, Mandian Muhammad Azhar M. A., M. Ed. 37

Government Girls’ Higher Secondary School Neelofar Kamran M. A, M. Ed. 5 Bannu 40 No. 2, Tanchi Bazar

Government Comprehensive Higher Hidayatullah M. A, B. Ed. 6 Bannu 40 Secondary School

7 Bannu Government Girls’ Post-Graduate College Fozia Mofeez M. A., B. Ed. 34

153

Government Degree College Sikandar Khel Javed Ali Khan M. A., M. Ed. 8 Bannu 40 Bala

Government Girls’ Higher Secondary School Fozia Ameen M. A., M. Ed. 9 Dera Ismail Khan 39 No. 6

10 Dera Ismail Khan Government Higher Secondary School No. 4 Tahir Ullah Jan M. A., B. Ed. 35

11 Dera Ismail Khan Government Girls’ Degree College No. 2 Ansa Shabnam M. A. 36

12 Dera Ismail Khan Government Degree College No. 2 Muhammad M. A., L.L.B. 35

Government Comprehensive Girls’ Higher Musarrat Begum M. A., M. 13 Peshawar 40 Secondary School Phil.

Government Higher Secondary School No. 4, Ata ur Rehman M. A., M. Ed. 14 Peshawar 40 Kakshal

15 Peshawar Government Frontier College for Women Madam Yusra M. Phil. 36

16 Peshawar Government Degree College Hayatabad Samiullah M. A., M. Ed. 39

Average Age 37.75

154

APPENDIX – D

Post Test English (First Year)

Time Allowed: 50 Minutes Max. Marks: 50 Name of School/College:______Name of Student:______Marks Obtained in SSC English:______District: a. D.I.Khan b. Bannu c. Peshawar d. Abbotabad

Note: Please choose the correct option:

1. The young Seagull was …. On his ledge. a. Sick b. Happy c. Alone d. Sad

2. Seagull ‘s parents were….. his sister and brothers in the art of flight. a. Teaching b. Guiding c. Perfecting d. Revealing

3. The mother of the young Seagull was standing on a little hump on the …… a. Ledge b. Rock c. Plateau d. Mountain

4. The young Seagull felt a bit ….. a. Dizzy b. Dozing c. Headache d. Angry

5. The young Seagull turned his beak sideways and ….. amusedly. a. Tittered b. Cackle c. Roared d. Crowed

6. “Over Coat” has been written by ….. a. Tu Peng-cheng b. Ghulam Abbas c. James Thurber d. M. Khan

7. The young man twirled his polished cane ….. a. Carefully b. Jauntily c. Slowly d. Briskly

8. The Sharp icy justs of wind struck like ….. a. Iron b. Stone c. Steal d. Fire

9. The overcoat, young man wearing himself was …… a. New b. Brown c. Old d. Shining

10. The Lapels were stiff and the sleeves well …… a. Ironed b. Cut c. Touched d. Creased

155

11. An Orchestra could be heard ….. in one of the restaurants. a. Echoing b. Playing c. Ringing d. Singing

12. At this part of the mall the crowed of ….. had thinned down. a. Wanderers b. Spectators c. Cyclists d. Pedestrians

13. The girl wore a ….. shalwar of white satin. a. Loose b. Floppy c. Tight d. Leather

14, The young man was ….. hurt. a. Deadly b. Nominally c. Badly d. Dangerously

15. The Assistant Surgeon and the two Nurses had ….. their faces behind masks. a. Concealed b. Conceived c. Covered d. Muffed

16. After the sweater and the vest it was the turn of the ….. to come off. a. Over coat b. Shirt c. Socks d. Trousers

17. The narrator of Lingkuan Gorge had to cover a distance of ….. kilometers. a. Twenty b. Thirty c. Forty d. Fifty

18. Hungry, cold I ….. and fell, scraping my hands. a. Tripped b. Slipped c. Clambered d. Overturned

19. In this Gorge, the sun ….. shone. a. Always b. Usually c. Never d. Seldom

20. The material department chief feared to fall in to a deep ….. a. Ravine b. River c. Valley d. Chasm

21. A door curtain hanging in the entrance way showed that the cave was occupied by …… a. Officers b. Miners c. Idlers d. Workers

22. The small boy was seated on a small ….. in a door way. a. Table b. Sofa c. Stool d. Chair

23. Cheng-yu had been ….. at the opposite cliff side through a rent in curtain. a. Examining b. Peering c. Seeing d. Visiting

24. The cave was large, but quite ….. a. Cold b. Warm c. Inhabited d. Haunted

25. Cheng-yu’s job was to look after his ….. a. Baby sister b. Mother c. Father d. Cattle

156

26. Cheng-yu’s father was ….. a. Directing b. Old c. Material Dept. d. Digging Traffic Chief Mountains

27. Cheng-yu’s mother stood beside a ….. pole. a. Telephone b. Electricity c. Tall d. Bright

28. The writer wanted to reach his ….. with out any further delay. a. Home b. Destination c. Town d. Office

29. Peter was ….. years old. a. Nine b. Ten c. Eleven d. Twelve

30. Peter did not feel the cool ….. breeze blow in to the kitchen. a. September b. October c. November d. December

31. Peter’s thoughts were fixed on a red and ….. blanket on the kitchen table. a. White b. Blue c. Black d. Green

32. “Going away gift” means ….. a. A memorable b. An expensive c. A gift for d. A Gift Gift going away beautiful person gift

33. “It is a poor tune, except to be dancing to”. These words are said by; ….. a. Dad b. The Pretty Girl c. Granddad d. Peter

34. A fine blanket indeed, must have cost of pretty ….. a. Penny b. Amount c. Money d. Price

35. Haris had fully spent forty minutes in ….. his shoes. a. Polishing b. Varnishing c. Whitening d. Pipe- claying

36. George said the crops seemed to be coming up ….. a. Nicely b. Slowly c. Fast d. Fully

37. The old glass-case contained a ….. a. Cod b. Trout c. Minnow d. Dragon

38. You will forgive the ….. that we perfect strangers are taking. a. Rudeness b. Freedom c. Frankness d. Liberty

39. The Land Lord said that bringing home that trout had saved him from a ….. a. Punishment b. Whacking c. Fighting d. Probing

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40. The more we looked at the trout, the more we ….. at it. a. Laughed b. Amused c. Marveled d. Liked

41. One brindle eye made Rex look like a ….. a. Clown b. Joker c. Bull terrier d. Doll

42. Rex was big and ….. and beautifully made. a. Healthy b. Muscular c. Powerful d. Stout

43. Once Rex brought a ten-foot wooden ….. in to the yard. a. Rail b. Doll c. Cupboard d. Door

44. Rex was a ….. fighter. a. Quick b. Strong c. Tremendous d. Clever

45. The story of that Homeric …… got all around town. a. Battle b. Fight c. Struggle d. War

46. Rex killed …… quickly and with out special malice. a. Birds b. Cats c. Everything d. Pigeons

47. Wagons were not a ….. his world. a. Job b. Map c. Field d. Part

48. Rex brought a small chest of drawers from a ….. a. House b. Shop c. Trash heap d. Street

49. I am glad Rex never saw….. police dog jump. a. Hungry b. Running c. Trained d. Foreign

50. There was in his world no such thing as the ….. a. Barking b. Impossible c. Surrendering d. Rooting

158

APPENDIX – E

TEAM OF EXPERTS FOR THE PREPARATION OF POST TEST

1. Prof. Dr. R. A. Farooq Dean Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Director Department of Education and Research Northern University Nowshera

2. Prof. Dr. Rabia Tabassum Professor Department of Education and Research Northern University From IER Northern University Northern From IER Nowshera

3. Ata Ullah Jan Khan Principal Muslim Model High School Dera Ismail khan

Principal (Rtd.) Government Elementary College

From Private Sector Sector Private From Dera Ismail Khan

4. Shazia Yousuf Subject Specialist (English) Government Girls’ Higher Secondary School No. 5 Dera Ismail Khan

5. Shahida Parveen Assistant Professor Government Girls’ Degree College No. 2 Dera Ismail Khan Subject Specialists from Schools Subject Specialists from Schools

159

APPENDIX – F

COURSE CONTENTS

S/ No. Author Reading Text Page

1 Liam O’Flaherty His First Flight 10

2 Ghulam Abbas The Overcoat 17

3 Tu Peng-Cheng Lingkuan Gorge 28

4 Floyd Dell The Blanket 35

5 Jerome K. Jerome The Stuffed Trout 41

6 James Thurber A Snapshot of a Dog 49

160

APPENDIX – G

TEAM OF EXPERTS FOR THE PREPARATION/ VALIDATION OF CHECK LIST

1. Prof. Dr. R. A. Farooq Dean Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Director Department of Education and Research Northern University Nowshera

2. Prof. Dr. Rabia Tabassum Professor Department of Education and Research Northern University From IER Northern University Northern From IER Nowshera

3. Ata Ullah Jan Khan Principal Muslim Model High School Dera Ismail khan

Principal (Rtd.) Government Elementary College Dera Ismail Khan

Sector Private From

Architect 4. Shahid Mansoor Khan (MS U&RP, MSc Environmental Design) Assistant Professor Department of Architecture University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar Campus Abbottabad

Architect Architects 5. Waqar Khattak (MSc Environmental Design) Assistant Professor Department of Architecture University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar Campus Abbottabad

161

APPENDIX – H

CHECK LIST (RATING SCALE) FOR POST OCCUPANCY

EVALUATION OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS

P Poor S’ Somewhat F Fair G Good E Excellent Unsatisfactory

Physical Features

P S’ F G E 1 Connection between indoor and outdoor areas within the campus

2 Appropriate building for learning (w.r.t. landscape & aesthetics)

3 Accessibility for people with disabilities

4 Building designed and built to the scale of children/ students

5 Control of internal and external noise level – buffer spaces between the access road and the school

6 View and natural light through windows

Learning Environment

P S’ F G E 7 Indoor learning areas for individual learning styles

8 Centralized grouping of administration areas

9 Workrooms adjacent to classrooms

10 Teacher’s work space

11 Comfortable and stress-free classrooms

12 Stimulating classroom atmosphere for learning

13 Size of learning groups in classrooms w.r.t. classroom size

14 Ceiling height w.r.t. length and width of the classroom

162

15 Comfortable classroom temperature

16 Indoor air quality in classrooms

17 Cross-ventilation inside the classroom

18 Provision for the exhaustion of air

19 Adaptability of classrooms to changing uses (robustness)

20 Lighting quality in classroom

21 Quality of light on the individual desk tops

22 Colour and texture of the surfaces inside classroom

23 Classroom directly connected to outdoors

24 Acoustic conditions inside the classroom (in terms of sound proofing or sound masking)

25 Classroom walls conducive to displaying students’ work

26 Hallways conducive to displaying student work

Media and Technology Access

P S’ F G E 27 Media and technology access for the students in learning environment

28 Media and technology access for teachers in the learning environment

Circulation Routes and Transitional Spaces

P S’ F G E 29 Circulation routes within and among learning environments

30 Hallways as passage ways within the school

31 Clear marking for interior circulation routes

32 Transition spaces inside and outside of learning environments

33 Covered pathways among buildings within the campus

163

Visual Appearance

P S’ F G E 34 Visual appearance of the exterior of the school building

35 Visual appearance of the interior of the school building

36 Harmony of school building with surroundings

37 Variation of ceiling height within the school for comfort and intimacy

38 Visual simulation of the school building

Safety and Security

P S’ F G E 39 Safe location of learning environments; free of non-pedestrian traffic

40 Safe indoor environments for students to learn

41 Safe outdoor environments for students to learn

42 Secured storage spaces for students

43 Secured storage spaces for teachers

44 Places designed for personal items of each student

Overall Impression

P S’ F G E 45 Student-friendly learning environment

46 Teacher-friendly learning environment

Name of School/ College ______

Location/ City/ District ______

Date of Visit ______

164

APPENDIX – I

AWARD LISTS OF STUDENTS

Government Girls Higher Secondary School No. 1, Abbottabad

S/ Marks Post S/ Marks Post Name of Student Name of Student No. in SSC Test No. in SSC Test

1 Hajra Gul 56 60 51 Andleeb Alam 55 65

2 Tasleem 54 54 52 Tuba 54 54

3 Warda Nawaz 73 79 53 Ruqia Zaman 58 67

4 Naila Bibi 43 54 54 Abida Batool 52 60

5 Maria Iqbal 35 44 55 Saima Shabbir 43 53

6 Farhat Bibi 46 36 56 Jameela Batool 46 60

7 Sumaiya Ruqman 56 62 57 Aneela Bibi 48 50

8 Tanzeela Nawaz 47 53 58 Naila Sattar 43 40

9 Naila Ibrahim 54 37 59 Shehla Yasmeen 48 43

10 Maria Saddiqa 58 60 60 Reema 47 49

11 Sehrish Bibi 66 74 61 Saira Bibi 42 43

12 Irum Saeed 75 79 62 Kiran 41 33

13 Palwisha Khan 67 77 63 Bushra Zaheen 66 67

14 Bushra Rafiq 87 89 64 Noreen Bilal 65 72

15 Lubna Bibi 77 76 65 Nazia 58 63

16 Binish Gul 65 69 66 Naeema Bibi 65 77

17 Aqsa Gul 43 51 67 Mahnoor 66 64

18 Nazia Qayyum 44 45 68 Afeera Abida 75 78

19 Qurat Ul Ain 36 37 69 Nadia Aman 59 86

20 Hina Batool 49 50 70 Farmeena 50 60

21 Kiran Bibi 80 75 71 Sadia Bibi 35 33

22 Rasheeda Nawaz 47 55 72 Bushra Farooq 47 43

23 Nasreen Nawaz 43 51 73 Sonia Arif 55 54

165

24 Nadra Bibi 45 45 74 Sania 54 47

25 Sadia 65 74 75 Rehana Bibi 61 63

26 Mureed Zainab 57 60 76 Aneela Malik 66 67

27 Ayesha Khan 57 56 77 Maria Bibi 43 45

28 Sana 34 33 78 Mah Jabeen 33 41

29 Javeria Abbas 44 47 79 Nazish Narmeen 37 33

30 Sadia Noreen 34 38 80 Sumaira Tariq 37 42

31 Komal Sania 45 40 81 Faryal Gohar 65 67

32 Kalsoom Khan 55 65 82 Kanwal Yasmeen 45 48

33 Norin Gul 47 49 83 Sameena Bibi 59 62

34 Ouns Zahara 55 59 84 Fozia Bibi 77 64

35 Kalsoom Khan 47 61 85 Shabana 76 87

36 Saima Gul 67 70 86 Ruqia Aslam 78 60

37 Shumaila Bibi 78 65 87 Tahira Gul 80 79

38 Zaib Un Nisa 88 80 88 Ussra Rani 45 54

39 Taqadsa Kati Khel 75 79 89 Haseena Bibi 44 33 Syeda Laraib 40 44 33 90 Javeria Nawaz 52 43 Batool 41 Naila Jamal 56 50 91 Meshal Rani 51 46 Mahnoor 42 59 45 92 Mamoona Rauf 73 67 Tabassam 43 Sameena Saleh 47 34 93 Nazma Batool 33 33

44 Sana Moti 45 47 94 Saira Bibi 37 48

45 Safia Bibi 42 67 95 Hina Naz 54 75

46 Tuba Laraib 41 33 96 Irum Bibi 47 55

47 Hamna Tatheer 46 41 97 Rukhsana Gul 82 80

48 Anisa Saleem 54 46 98 Shabana Ramzan 57 47

49 Sher Bano 43 55 99 Asia Bibi 45 34

50 Alveena 47 53 100 Tahira Bibi 38 36

166

Government Higher Secondary School No. ___, Abbottabad

S/ Marks Post S/ Marks Post Name of Student Name of Student No. in SSC Test No. in SSC Test

Muhammad 1 54 53 51 Owais Khan 44 37 Noman 2 Babar Hussain 34 45 52 Muhammad Zubair 45 44 Muhammad 3 47 53 53 54 67 Rizwan 4 M.Sohail Shehzad 65 76 54 Abdul Waheed 39 55

5 Atta Ur Rehman 50 49 55 Rizwan 40 33

6 Muhammad Imran 64 63 56 Danish Ali Raza 46 48 Muhammad 7 47 56 57 Muhammad Asif 54 52 Salman Muhammad 8 Muhammad Adeel 49 50 58 52 46 Afrasyab Hafiz Muhammad 9 Abdul Aziz 44 48 59 43 44 Noman 10 Irshad Ali 43 65 60 Saadat Ullah 45 52 Muhammad Aamir 11 Karamatullah 35 33 61 54 60 Jamil Muhammad Muhammad Ansar 12 37 54 62 67 73 Arsalan Ali Mehmood Muhammad 13 38 40 63 Sajid Nawaz 70 69 Kamran 14 Anwaar Ali 45 52 64 M.Aamir Sohail 73 78 Muhammad Muhammad Uzair 15 43 45 65 55 77 Faisal Shah 16 Aamir Shahzad 41 43 66 Asif Iqbal 46 62 Muhammad 17 Riffat Ullah 45 48 67 47 44 Mehboob 18 Baz Khan 55 59 68 Abdur Reman Khan 43 43

19 Abdul Hakeem 65 67 69 Irfan Ullah Sabir 39 55

20 Sami Ullah 43 45 70 Qayyum Nawaz 65 68

21 Hassam Yasir 47 54 71 Rahmat Ullah 64 66

22 Ahsan Jamal 58 60 72 Waleed Ullah 54 57

23 Tauqeer Ahmad 65 68 73 Inam Ullah 47 48

24 Afzal Khan 56 58 74 Imam Din 44 44

25 Ubaid Ullah 45 44 75 Muhammad Hamza 47 43

26 44 37 76 Juma Khan 54 53

167

27 Waqar Ahmad 54 53 77 Shahbaz Khan 53 50

28 Talha Zubair 34 48 78 Muhammad Waqar 55 56

29 Mudasser 37 40 79 Zafar Ullah 55 53 Muhammad 30 47 44 80 Saddam Hussain 53 48 Zeeshan 31 Muhammad Yasir 43 48 81 Wasy Ali 57 57 Muhammad 32 44 43 82 Irfan Gul 65 60 Junaid 33 Zia Ul Ain 54 50 83 Muhammad Sabeel 66 69 Muhammad 34 43 42 84 Muhammad Tahir 65 73 Rohail Hanif 35 Shehar Yar 60 69 85 Muhammad Bilal 66 65 Choudary Adnan 36 64 77 86 Muhammad Fazan 60 59 Wali Muhammad 37 54 69 87 Khalil Ur Rehman 70 65 Huzaifa 38 Akhatar Ali 56 59 88 M.Imran Tabassam 74 63 Muhammad Tanveer 39 Rana Haris 76 80 89 55 48 Khan Muhammad 40 55 76 90 Muhammad Kamran 54 45 Sheraz M.Jameel Ur 41 76 88 91 Ihsan Ul Haq 58 48 Rehman 42 M.Tayyab Jameel 79 79 92 Khalid Khan 67 57

43 Ahmad Ali Jatoi 43 58 93 Rehan Aqeel 64 55

44 Muhammad Azam 56 66 94 Muhammad Yaqoob 68 64

45 M.Adeel Nawaz 77 78 95 Moien Ur Rehman 55 60

46 M.Rizwan Rauf 65 75 96 Muhammad Ilyas 65 74

47 Azhar Jameel 43 58 97 Iqbal Khan 45 55

48 Ali Raza 43 45 98 Aamir Sohail 43 48

49 Taskeen Abbas 36 33 99 Sana Ullah 47 46 S.Suleman 50 47 65 100 Mirza Khan 54 50 Saleem Shah

168

Government Girls Degree College ______, Abbottabad

S/ Marks Post S/ Marks Post Name of Student Name of Student No. in SSC Test No. in SSC Test

1 Jasia Habib 53 50 51 Zarmeena Nawaz 39 44

2 Hafsa Rehman 65 72 52 Saira Bibi 50 68

3 Rida Gul Zeb 55 62 53 Nadia Umer 48 35

4 Sidra Tul Muntaha 62 57 54 Kiran Pashtoon 37 47

5 Amara Taj 60 63 55 Kainat 47 65

6 Mehwish 53 59 56 Rukhsar 43 62

7 Annum 43 52 57 Hajra 42 68

8 Sania Gul 48 55 58 Jamila Shahzad 41 66

9 Sundas Mehreen 64 70 59 Shabana Bibi 43 63

10 Shumaila Kiran 72 67 60 Fozia Bibi 44 46

11 Neelam Javed 57 60 61 Nageena 36 55

12 Rimsha Gul 67 81 62 Zeenat 47 47

13 Ghazala Bibi 61 88 63 Farhana 40 42

14 Zaib Un Nisa 34 54 64 Riffat Nawaz 46 55

15 Tooba Zareen 39 46 65 Zubaida Khanum 54 43

16 Mussrat 74 78 66 Maria Bibi 52 56

17 Samra Hina 56 55 67 Irum Masood 57 66

18 Sobia Gul 67 69 68 Bushra Bibi 45 51

19 Maria Umer 72 70 69 Kaniz Fatima 58 60

20 Shehla Bibi 52 63 70 Sadeeqa 67 64

21 Mehak Maqbool 50 66 71 Sidra Tabassum 62 73

22 Misbah Chandni 42 68 72 Sumbal Saba 64 77

23 Sameen 37 74 73 Zarqa Inayat 66 85

24 Mahnoor Ashiq 50 81 74 Farhat Rasheed 69 74

25 Saira 48 62 75 Sonia Bibi 36 58

26 Bushra 35 54 76 Uzma Bibi 57 61

27 Kiran 56 63 77 Iqra Bibi 59 59

28 Shamsa Kanwal 33 41 78 Aasma Khan 63 82

169

29 Rehana Zaman 45 43 79 Natasha 55 70

30 Nadia Kalsoom 43 56 80 Bushra Pervez 43 55

31 Sania Riaz 45 66 81 Shakeela Bibi 47 52

32 Sumbal Malik 48 45 82 Sana Rasheed 58 62

33 Zainab Khalid 55 68 83 Bushra Khan 53 47

34 Afsheen Akhtar 53 62 84 Moona Bibi 42 54

35 Sundas Bibi 42 47 85 Hina Saba 43 59

36 Iqra Saeed 37 49 86 Ujala Gul 47 62

37 Muneeba Gul 63 63 87 Fareena Gul 44 57

38 Tehreem Batool 35 58 88 Amara Abbas 56 74

39 Farhat Bibi 47 35 89 Zil e Huma 52 67

40 Alishba 65 59 90 Rehana Taskeen 34 54

41 Khadeeja 62 78 91 Bisma Shakeel 44 47

42 Aroosa Farooq 71 75 92 Aiman Afaq 36 44

43 Summiya Shakoor 55 64 93 Uma e Habiba 36 35

44 Nadia Gul 64 69 94 Uma e Hina 44 53

45 Salma Bibi 34 52 95 Mukhtiar Bibi 56 48

46 Saima Sajjad 45 48 96 Maloka Bibi 37 33

47 Tahira Hassan 55 63 97 Surriya 68 70

48 Uzma Bibi 56 61 98 Roheena 53 63

49 Sumaira Bibi 34 50 99 Tayyaba Aslam 34 40

50 Shazia Riaz 42 48 100 Wajida Shah 59 63

170

Government Post Graduate College Mandian, Abbottabad

S/ Marks Post S/ Marks Post Name of Student Name of Student No. in SSC Test No. in SSC Test

Muhammad Tayyab 1 Javed Iqbal 65 57 51 34 44 Falak 2 Muhammad Umair 54 57 52 Zeeshan Khan 44 46

3 Samiullah 42 50 53 Adnad Rashid 53 65 Muhammad 4 45 65 54 Abdul Samad Shah 34 67 Afrahim Ul Haq 5 Muhammad Bilal 66 68 55 Hakeem Ullah 45 78

6 Qaisar Nawaz 45 46 56 Irfan Ullah 54 47

7 Muhammad Khalid 65 56 57 Abid Khan 43 56 Muhammad Shoaib Muhammad 8 66 66 58 34 77 Yousaf Barki 9 Muhammad Zahid 54 74 59 Muzamal Ahmad 45 73

10 Khan Zaman 57 76 60 Shams Ullah 54 67

11 Abbul Qadoos 68 55 61 Omer Noman 34 43

12 Abdul Ghani 63 67 62 Hameed Ur Rehman 44 62

13 Karam Ilahi 43 44 63 Alam Sher 56 63 Muhammad 14 48 57 64 Zahir Ullah 56 65 Naveed Muhammad 15 56 67 65 Naqeeb Ullah 67 77 Waheed 16 Asmat Ullah 67 87 66 Sher Yar Khan 67 47

17 Muhammad Yonis 66 66 67 Muhammad Tariq 65 33

18 Allah Nawaz 64 84 68 Adnan 64 46

19 Muhammad Wazir 54 67 69 Haseeb Sadiq 43 56

20 Jamil Ahmad 55 55 70 Inayat Ullah 43 46 Muhammad 21 46 76 71 M.Ihsan Ellahi 44 74 Mushtaq Faqeer 22 47 78 72 Muhammad Waleed 54 46 Muhammad 23 Rafiullah 57 45 73 Nabeel Aman 45 45

24 Umer Farooq 68 74 74 Adeel Feroz 34 53

25 Shah Baran 77 66 75 Attiq Ur Rehman 44 54

26 Farmanullah 66 67 76 Muhammad Arsalan 56 56

27 Atta Ullah 65 67 77 M.Fawad Khan 56 63

171

Muhammad 28 56 49 78 Muhammad Anas 57 66 Asghar 29 Jahan Zeb 75 69 79 Sadiq Ur Rehman 67 56

30 Hussain Sadiq 46 45 80 Mudassar Ali 68 45 Muhammad Junaid 31 77 73 81 Rahim Ullah 54 66 Faraz Muhammad Uzair 32 65 68 82 Wajahat Mobeen 56 68 Arif Muhammad 33 55 55 83 Tosif Ur Rehman 56 45 Shoaib 34 Assad Khan 45 36 84 Muhammad Danyal 45 72

35 Abdul Naveed 46 71 85 Umer Ali 55 60 Muhammad 36 66 48 86 Huzaifa Khan 45 54 Naveed 37 Muhammad Rafiq 67 75 87 Gohar Rehman 46 44

38 Majid Khan 43 56 88 Yaqoob Shah 38 34

39 Aasif Zaman 33 47 89 Muhammad Zafran 38 65

40 Musa Khan 35 75 90 Waris Khan 36 77

41 Mehran Ullah 56 35 91 Ahmad Ali 39 46 Sadam 42 57 83 92 Aman Ud Din 47 56 Muhammad 43 Jamal Ud Din 67 69 93 Rahmat Ullah 47 74

44 Zabeeh Ullah 78 76 94 Usman Ud Din 55 76

45 Safi Ullah 77 66 95 Sardar Ali 46 66

46 Shaheryar Ahmad 74 87 96 Hidayat Ullah 51 50 Wasim Sajjad 47 35 73 97 Dilawar Khan 43 56 Shah Muhammad Tahir 48 47 77 98 Mustfa 65 58 Khan 49 Muhaammad Yasir 65 68 99 Jahangeer Khan 54 60

50 Mamoon Rashid 52 37 100 Fahim Ullah 43 45

172

Government Girls Higher Secondary School No. 2, Bannu

S/ Marks Post S/ Marks Post Name of Student Name of Student No. in SSC Test No. in SSC Test

1 Haseena Tehseen 68 62 51 Shabnam Gul 44 42

2 Nadra 50 43 52 Nabeela 36 33

3 Zahra 37 34 53 Shama Nawaz 39 41

4 Amina Muzaffar 36 34 54 Nadra Javed 33 37

5 Zeenat 52 49 55 Noreen Bibi 52 49

6 Shahnaz Aslam 46 39 56 Asma 40 40

7 Muqadus Shareef 44 35 57 Amna Bibi 34 32

8 Razia Sultana 35 44 58 Faryal Kiran 35 33

9 Sadeeqa Bibi 47 45 59 Fozia 48 51

10 Faiza Rehman 46 46 60 Naila 51 50

11 Ayesha Bibi 40 34 61 Seemab Gul 44 37

12 Misar Bibi 40 33 62 Sobia 54 56

13 Sajeela Ashraf 37 33 63 Hajra Bibi 42 49

14 Sania 48 43 64 Zoobash 44 49

15 Addeela Riaz 65 59 65 Binishi Gul 56 48

16 Faiza Ayaz 33 35 66 Madeeha Gohar 49 57

17 Nittasha 49 45 67 Naila Gul 53 37

18 Ameena Sultan 40 43 68 Hina Nageen 50 54

19 Arifa 38 40 69 Hina 62 52

20 Naila Bibi 46 49 70 Asia Aziz 59 65

21 Safeena Khan 62 64 71 Nashaiman Wazir 61 47

22 Basmin 45 41 72 Ayesha Begum 70 56

23 Kalsoom Naz 40 38 73 Saima Begum 59 57

24 Bilquees Begum 44 39 74 Samreen 64 55

25 Rabia Anees 56 50 75 Khalida Zia 63 56

26 Haseena Begum 60 67 76 Bibi Haseena 43 56

27 43 40 77 Nuzhat Andaleeb 53 35

28 Zahida Bibi 39 41 78 Seemab 53 48

173

29 Sania 44 47 79 Fozia Gul 54 55

30 Salma 53 50 80 Naila Gul 44 33

31 Sobia 46 38 81 Romana Begum 50 50

32 Naima Bibi 51 49 82 Arifa Aftab 47 52

33 Fozia Gul 38 35 83 Shumaila Basheer 35 32

34 Shandana 44 37 84 Uzma Nazir 34 32

35 Zeba 45 37 85 Minhas Bibi 40 41

36 Aneela 43 35 86 Bismeena 51 50

37 Nazakat 47 39 87 Haseena Khubaz 33 38

38 Siraj Un Nisa 48 50 88 Saima Farooq 38 42

39 Sameena Bibi 40 36 89 Soneela Gul 36 37

40 Gulshan 40 47 90 Sadia Jabeen 43 42

41 Nazia 50 53 91 Nazia Begum 42 35

42 Iqra 33 28 92 Riffat 62 56

43 Nazia Hassan 40 39 93 Amrozia 63 56

44 Soneela 37 40 94 Rakhshanda Naz 59 55

45 Kalsoom Bibi 46 44 95 Ameena Sumreen 69 57

46 Asma Gul 40 44 96 Ulfat Sabir 60 56

47 Naveeda 33 24 97 Rabia Sultana 58 46

48 Arifa Muzamal 44 38 98 Nayab 60 63

49 Zarmeena Bibi 39 36 99 Saima Saleem 49 51

50 Shah Kasroon 34 31 100 Faiza 52 50

174

Government Comprehensive Higher Secondary School, Bannu

S/ Marks Post S/ Marks Post Name of Student Name of Student No. in SSc Test No. in SSc Test

Muhammad 1 36 40 10 Kaleem Ullah Khan 33 35 Liyyaz 2 Muhammad Illyas 40 48 11 Iftikhar Khan 40 64

3 Shahid Zaman 38 54 12 Zar Ahmad Khan 53 61 Ghulam Akber 4 36 60 13 Zahir Ali Shah 36 48 Khan 5 Mohib ullah Shah 56 70 14 Shab Niaz 38 59

6 Hafiz Ullah 34 62 15 Ikram Ullah Khan 34 34

7 Wafid Khan 38 60 16 Zohaib Khan 58 82

8 Safeh Ullah Khan 48 63 17 Imran Khan 55 63

9 Mohibullah Khan 43 65

175

Government Girls Post Graduate College, Bannu

S/ Marks Post S/ Marks Post Name of Student Name of Student No. in SSC Test No. in SSC Test

1 Afsheen Asghar 62 70 51 Asma 50 49

2 Soneela Azad 58 60 52 Amreena Ayaz 44 37

3 Sana Fareed 56 53 53 Zeenat Umar 49 50

4 Arifa Hameed 66 73 54 Asma Rehman 47 48

5 Arfeen Begum 60 65 55 Saba Iqbal 54 53

6 Samreen Sajid 72 77 56 Shazia Bibi 46 50

7 Syed Faryal 72 65 57 Asma Bibi 50 35

8 Khushboo 70 72 58 Rafia Israr 49 47

9 Ishrat Fatima 70 69 59 Zeenat Ara 42 51

10 Haseena Tehseen 70 73 60 Saeeda Wazir 40 51

11 Shehla Begum 57 75 61 Saima Bibi 45 53

12 Tarteela 52 52 62 Jasmeen 46 52

13 Amna Raz 49 49 63 Sadia Rafiq 44 47

14 Bushra Aftab 48 47 64 Anam Hassan 49 53

15 Nagareen Gul 31 29 65 Haseena Khanum 47 50

16 Aneela Nazir 62 64 66 Noreen Safdar 49 50

17 Balquees Nawaz 60 75 67 Nazish Gul 51 49

18 Seemab Niazi 63 60 68 Shazia 53 50

19 Ulfat Arif 53 57 69 Mamoona 46 46

20 Saeeda Jan 53 55 70 Fatima Bibi 47 48

21 Amna Bibi 54 52 71 Mehreen Anjum 53 60

22 Laila Jan 47 50 72 Aysha Bibi 45 53

23 Sehrish Nigar 66 62 73 Afnan Bibi 32 23

24 Sidra Gul 34 43 74 Nighat Akhtar 37 73

25 Raheela Bibi 66 65 75 Mehnaz Bibi 43 34

26 Mareena Shahbaz 48 84 76 Hajra Bibi 42 47

27 Madeeha Khan 48 48 77 Qurat ul Ain Sana 47 74

28 Madeeha Syed 60 62 78 Hina Niaz 48 49

176

29 Huma Bibi 41 35 79 Haseena Rafee 51 53

30 Faiza Shareef 48 72 80 Sidra Naz 46 64

31 Shamsa Noreen 62 65 81 Shandana Qazi 49 42

32 Afifa Rahim 60 64 82 Faiza Kamal 54 54

33 Hashmat Bibi 53 35 83 Saba Gul 54 58

34 Nadia 33 34 84 Fatima Khalid 43 46

35 Shehla 46 47 85 Hajra Bibi 46 50

36 Arifa 75 72 86 Lubna Syed 61 53

37 Tehmeena 51 57 87 Afreen Farooq 56 62

38 Shumaila Shafee 51 56 88 Sadaf Nawaz 47 47

39 Ayesha Bangish 56 60 89 Hameeda Bibi 43 55

40 Busnayab Begum 52 50 90 Farah Sheherdar 45 47

41 Sidra 56 53 91 Zakia Zaffar 52 50

42 Saira Bangish 53 57 92 Mehnaz Khan 42 49

43 Shumaila 57 75 93 Ambreen Khan 75 65

44 Sundis Aman 57 65 94 Malka Reyan 47 50

45 Wajeeha Gul 75 72 95 Sidrat ul Muntaha 60 73

46 Kainat 52 48 96 Taranum Qureshi 60 85

47 Bushra Jan 66 66 97 Shagufta 46 50

48 Faiza Ali 66 62 98 Ishrat Begum 47 41

49 Farhat Begum 54 57 99 Shahab Begum 48 52

50 Sanya 47 47 100 Kiran Israr 35 33

177

Government Degree College S. K. Bala, Bannu

S/ Marks Post S/ Marks Post Name of Student Name of Student No. in SSc Test No. in SSc Test

1 Nasir Khan 64 66 51 Ziaullah Khan 42 43 Tufail Hussain 2 59 60 52 Asmatullah 41 46 Shah 3 Nazir Ullah Khan 62 64 53 Amjid Khan 38 34

4 Taif Khan 53 54 54 Shah Fahad Khan 40 41

5 Jamshed Ali Shah 43 47 55 Amir Khan 35 41

6 Sohail Nawz Khan 40 40 56 Umer Hayat 37 40

7 M.Tariq Khan 47 49 57 Zeshan Khan 39 42

8 Younis Ali 45 44 58 Junaid Ali Shah 47 52

9 Aamir Khan 40 45 59 Siraj Khan 43 39 Ahmad Nawaz 10 37 40 60 Hroon Shah 33 35 Khan 11 M Idress Khan 43 49 61 Hidayatullah 34 37

12 Safed Ali Shah 39 41 62 Saleemullah 38 39

13 Inqilab Khan 49 52 63 Intakhab Shah 54 60

14 Hussain Khan 48 50 64 Muhammad Haroon 45 53

15 Wahabullah Khan 49 50 65 Sohrab Khan 34 37

16 Khan Nawz 58 55 66 Roham Niaz 63 72

17 Samiullah Khan 42 43 67 Muhammad Saqib 49 51

18 Danish Khan 41 41 68 Naimatullah 45 39

19 Tahir Zaman 40 49 69 Mehran Khan 33 35

20 Imran Ali Shah 45 47 70 Mir Wali Khan 33 34

21 Farhatullah Shah 45 44 71 Wajid Khan 39 42

22 Tusifullah Khan 37 38 72 Sultan Farooq 42 44 Muhammad Arshad 23 Tawab Khan 41 46 73 40 39 Khan 24 Majeedullah Khan 37 39 74 Khan Haider 39 46

25 Haista Khan 34 37 75 Khan Zeb Khan 43 49

26 Sadam Hussain 23 40 76 Ijaz Ahmad 50 53

27 Muhammad Qasim 47 44 77 M.Yousaf Khan 34 37

178

28 Sohail Khan 43 47 78 Hussain Zaman 34 39

29 Bakhat Nawaz 41 43 79 Raidullah 47 51

30 Rashid Khan 35 38 80 Aamir Khan 33 35

31 Kashifullah Khan 37 37 81 Shah Zeb Khan 34 34

32 Inam Ul Haq 40 43 82 Sajid Khan 35 37

33 Bakhatullah Khan 47 46 83 Noor Khan 51 59

34 Abdul Wahab 46 49 84 Mushtaq Khan 44 49

35 Zahid ALI 33 50 85 Samiullah Khan 33 37 Muhammad 36 36 40 86 Nasimullah Khan 51 63 Ahtesham 37 Jihadullah 41 49 87 Hashmatullah Khan 41 43

38 Farhan 47 53 88 Ghulam Ashiq 38 38

39 Kifayatullah 35 39 89 Aminullah 34 33

40 Samin Khan 35 41 90 Zaheerullah 33 39

41 Ihsanullah 37 43 91 Rahmatullah 41 43

42 Mustafa Khan 43 38 92 Khan Zeb Ali 42 39

43 Ilyas Khan 40 49 93 Safeerullah Khan 33 35

44 Sohail Khan 35 38 94 Ghani Ur Rahman 34 45

45 Asim Khan 36 35 95 Muhammad Ahsan 37 50

46 Rehman Gul 43 44 96 Shafi Ur Rahman 40 43

47 Tariq Khan 36 42 97 Jamal Khan 33 37

48 Noorullah 41 43 98 Maullah Dad 33 38

49 Ihsanullah 37 38 99 Amshad Khan 39 43 Muhammad Muhammad Asif 50 48 47 100 37 49 Zaheer Khan

179

Government Girls Higher Secondary School No. 6, Dera Ismail Khan

S/ Marks Post S/ Marks Post Name of Student Name of Student No. in SSc Test No. in SSc Test

1 Rimsha Mehreen 58 64 39 Humaira Taskeen 34 20

2 Mehwish Batool 42 54 40 Faria Seemab 42 50

3 Humaira Hameed 52 60 41 Humaira Ayub 34 42

4 Sairah 42 50 42 Kiran Zahra 46 54

5 Nazia Maheen 34 40 43 Chanda Altaf 34 38

6 Mehwish Gul 48 58 44 Maria Kanwal 40 44

7 Shumaila Bibi 46 54 45 Saba Tariq 54 50

8 Sana Umer Barki 36 46 46 Tahira Bibi 36 40

9 Azra Hameed 54 60 47 44 49

10 Asma Kanwal 34 46 48 Nadia Hussain 36 42

11 Nadia Bibi 47 57 49 Misbah Altaf 54 59

12 Amina Ashiq 56 61 50 Salma 40 45

13 Iqra Tehreem 52 60 51 Abida Bibi 44 50

14 Tahira Ameen 50 54 52 SamanaZahrah 54 48

15 Farzana Bibi 48 57 53 Payal Kumari 56 62 S.Farkhanda 16 Amina Ramzan 50 59 54 36 40 shaheen 17 Zunaira Hameed 40 47 55 Kalsoom Bibi 46 53

18 Zunaira Kundi 53 55 56 Sairah 36 40

19 Fehmeeda Bibi 36 47 57 Sawaira Sadiq Ali 36 39

20 Sara Saddique 45 36 58 Ainee Benish 36 42

21 Tahira Jameel 50 53 59 Salma Nargess 44 52

22 Sidratul Muntaha 34 45 60 Sumaira Bibi 40 46

23 Nayab Goher 42 50 61 Sajdia Atta 40 49

24 Shehla Manzoor 48 56 62 Nageena Rehman 46 55

25 Mehak Zahra 40 47 63 Rizwana Adil 54 62

26 Asma Aziz 46 46 64 Laila Akram 56 72

27 Nafiqa Bibi 40 52 65 Amara Hussain 46 54

180

28 Komal Riaz 48 54 66 Mah Gul Naeem 56 64

29 Aqsa Kiran 46 42 67 Ayesha Farooq 60 80

30 Kiran Yasmeen 36 42 68 Saira Khan 50 59

31 Shehla Bukhari 48 53 69 Maria Saeed 58 53

32 Uma Rida 50 51 70 Neelofer 40 45

33 Sidra Batool 40 47 71 Nighat Sheen 46 34

34 Sajida Irum 46 47 72 Safia 64 73

35 Raheela Mushtaq 46 56 73 Anum Huma 48 54

36 Raheela Batool 54 60 74 Shakeela Bibi 42 48

37 Romana Alam 44 54 75 Kiran Gul 52 59

38 Yasmeen Gul 42 52 76 Shabana Bibi 38 54

181

Government Higher Secondary School No. 4, Dera Ismail Khan

S/ Marks Post S/ Marks Post Name of Student Name of Student No. in SSc Test No. in SSc Test

1 Qamer Zaman 57 53 27 Muhammad Ayaz 56 58

2 Abdul Hameed 47 47 28 Muhammad Waqar 45 44

3 Muhammad Kashif 52 59 29 Shah Behram 37 35 Muhammad 4 36 33 30 Naveed Ullah 51 60 Mumtaz Muhammad 5 42 40 31 Mehran 63 67 Rizwan 6 Sana Ullah 49 51 32 Abdullah 33 26

7 Farhan Ahmad 33 35 33 Wasim Akhtar 47 34 Muhammad 8 43 35 34 Muhammad Waris 33 36 Rizwan 9 Atta Ullah 51 38 35 Ghulam Ullah 33 23

10 Asif Khan 35 37 36 Muhammad Latif 48 56 Muhammad 11 Kaleem Ullah 43 30 37 33 20 Suleman Muhammad 12 35 33 38 MuhammadHaroon 34 45 Waqas 13 Shaista Khan 47 40 39 Muhammad Irfan 51 53 Muhammad 14 38 34 40 Muhammad Rehan 48 55 Noman 15 Basit 35 38 41 Ahsan Ali 41 33

16 Mahboob 33 27 42 Muhammad Yaqoob 47 60

17 Muhammad Ali 40 37 43 Shabbeer Ahmed 39 46 Muhammad 18 45 34 44 Muhammad Waqas 39 34 Jamshaid 19 Ghulam Shabbeer 34 40 45 Muhammad Amjad 33 30

20 Muhammad Ismail 37 32 46 Muhammad Arshad 43 47

21 M.Qammer Zaman 33 35 47 Naveed Hussain 65 69 Muhammad 22 47 40 48 Muhammad Hussain 55 60 Shakeel 23 Muhammad Ahsan 38 49 49 Summer Abbas 46 50

24 Paind Khan 36 33 50 Kamran Khan 50 47

25 Muhammad Asif 33 28 51 Rehan Gul 63 68

26 Munir Akhtar 35 32 52 Muhammad Irfan 48 37

182

Government Girls Degree College No. 2, Dera Ismail Khan

S/ Marks Post S/ Marks Post Name of Student Name of Student No. in SSC Test No. in SSC Test

1 Fazeelat Bibi 55 52 51 Iqra Bibi 51 54

2 Javaira Rafique 59 49 52 Aisha Noreen 57 55

3 Hina Kanwal 55 44 53 Maria Bibi 44 56

4 Zeb Un Nisa 65 48 54 Farzana Saeed 60 57

5 Tehmeena Urooj 68 65 55 Asia Saeed 63 59

6 Saba Ali 62 60 56 Hina Urooj 57 50

7 Tania Karan 50 43 57 Maria Alizai 71 54

8 Samreena Saeed 59 66 58 Nighat Faiz 49 46

9 Teseen Javed 58 53 59 Sanam Urooj 61 38

10 Aroosa Majid 51 60 60 Nageena Khan 58 26

11 Momal Zara 56 47 61 Safia 63 36

12 Sonia Kiran 47 41 62 Munaza Syed 48 44

13 Nageena Narjis 53 49 63 Sadia Rahim 48 44

14 Faiza Mehboob 51 47 64 Mamoona Sadia 56 22

15 Faria Yaseen 61 56 65 Misbah Irum 53 68

16 Kiran Rani 55 62 66 Sania Batool 55 49

17 Samreen Gohar 56 46 67 Adila Kanwal 47 26

18 Asma Bibi 38 45 68 Parveen 49 38

19 Rukhsana Bibi 53 50 69 Raheela Gul 52 50

20 Iram Khan 41 46 70 Sana Baloch 51 46

21 Ramsha Khan 59 47 71 Maria Fayaz 60 38

22 Shumaila Habib 55 67 72 Aysha Batool 53 47

23 Sonia Khan 37 64 73 Ishrat Fatima 52 43

24 Naseem Begum 42 34 74 Hina Yasmin 43 36

25 Rimsha Atta 53 60 75 Taskeen Hassan 47 24

26 Hira Ayub 59 53 76 Maham Kainat 58 47

27 Hamna Naseer 72 68 77 Aneela Kanwal 53 16

28 Javaira Hashim 61 57 78 Zulaikha Bibi 45 51

183

29 Romana Firdous 63 65 79 Zarlashat Gul 45 49

30 Mahreen Gohar 67 72 80 Wajeeha Masood 58 44

31 Iqra Mahnoor 61 59 81 Shaista Izbal 43 44

32 Mehwish Nayab 55 54 82 Samreena Bibi 50 48

33 Mehwish Kanwal 56 46 83 Naghmana Faiz 60 48

34 Zoobash Younis 54 43 84 Sania Nosherwan 55 44

35 Zahida Rafiq 47 41 85 Rahat ul ain 46 47

36 Anum Farid 52 48 86 Sidratul Muntaha 49 44

37 Sumbal Rehman 53 65 87 Sonia Raiz 52 49

38 Madeeha Gul 56 49 88 Ambreen Ismail 49 56

39 Khansh Aziz 56 57 89 Shehneela 49 32

40 Samreen Khan 65 58 90 Shahir Bano 48 28

41 Sobia Kanwal 47 63 91 Noreen Kiran 53 58

42 Fozia Yasmeen 60 54 92 Sidratul Muntaha 65 50

43 Sumaiya Bilal 48 48 93 Anum Huma 48 40

44 Shehneela Urooj 49 55 94 Munaza Qasim 55 32

45 Ayman Aslam 55 48 95 Amara Tahir 53 36

46 Tehmeena Iqbal 52 60 96 Saliha Hussain 43 46

47 Samina Bibi 52 49 97 Rabia Iqbal 56 43

48 Maria Nawaz 37 49 98 Shamshad Bibi 54 47

49 Maria Jabeen 61 57 99 Samreen Akhtar 54 43

50 Shazia Hussain 49 43 100 Taskeen 47 49

184

Government Degree College No. 2, Dera Ismail Khan

S/ Marks Post S/ Marks Post Name of Student Name of Student No. in SSc Test No. in SSc Test

1 Najeebullah 63 67 51 Gohar Zaman 34 43

2 Roza Din 54 61 52 Junaid Khan 33 47

3 Waseemullah 43 49 53 M.Anas Hanif 62 60

4 Mudesirullah 55 48 54 Yasir Shafeeq\ 38 51 Mudasir 5 41 44 55 M.Khalid 38 48 Mehmood 6 Mehran Khan 61 57 56 Ahmad Mujtaba 45 56

7 Habib Ur Rehman 67 66 57 Farhan Ali 47 56

8 Ayub Khan 54 59 58 Tariq Mehmood 71 66 Sahahzada 9 Wali Khan 43 47 59 65 68 Shahzeb 10 Moin Khan 38 49 60 Aamir Khan 55 65 Muhammad 11 51 62 61 M.Javed 46 43 Idress 12 Maqbool Ahmad 37 54 62 Bahar Ali 51 54 Muhammad 13 64 67 63 Zulfiqar 43 42 Anees 14 Jibranullah 52 52 64 Arif 56 56

15 Qais Abbas 35 43 65 M.Shafee 64 70

16 Muhammad Ans 68 71 66 S.Taimur 51 49 Muhammad 17 50 51 67 M.Anees 52 54 Junaid 18 Tanzeel Abbas 57 66 68 M.Javed 50 56

19 M Anas Khalid 37 43 69 Aziz Ur Rehman 53 49

20 S Arsalan 44 42 70 Amjad Rizwan 54 59

21 Umer Affar 55 57 71 Muhammad Farooq 34 37

22 Qadam Ali 33 37 72 Ibrahim Khan 45 40

23 Fahad Afnan 41 34 73 Ans Siddique 35 38

24 Ghufran Ahmad 35 53 74 Yasir 44 47

25 M.Roop Ali 33 40 75 Khalid Rehman 43 56

26 M.Masroor 45 53 76 M.Zeeshan 56 55

27 M.Yasir Abbas 52 50 77 M.Sajid 40 43

185

28 S.Faizan 36 50 78 Gul Zaman 55 49

29 Abdul Mateen 59 68 79 Zahidullah 34 37

30 Khan Zala 43 58 80 Aamir Jameel 55 54

31 Ikram Khan 35 38 81 M.Aamir 57 65

32 M.Yousaf 43 44 82 M.Ihtesham 43 55

33 M.Meherban 62 60 83 Hassan Ali 54 43

34 M.Adnan 63 67 84 M.Adnan 36 54

35 Sajjad Ahmad 35 39 85 Nadeem Raza 43 54

36 Qudrat Ullah 55 76 86 Sanaullah 44 47

37 Nabeel Abbas 45 59 87 M.Mujtaba 54 60

38 Tanveer Abbas 34 50 88 M.Hasham 55 57

39 Ihsanullah 50 49 89 Abdul Ghafoor 44 50

40 Shah Jahan 55 56 90 Irfan Gul 51 57

41 Mirajud Din 44 46 91 Haji Khan 45 43

42 Muhammad Nisar 51 37 92 Hassan Ali 56 76 Muhammad 43 63 67 93 Sohail Ahmad 56 65 Hassan 44 M.Saeed 55 55 94 Muhammad Asim 50 53

45 Naveed Ali 37 49 95 M.Hamza 58 65

46 M.Yasir 33 45 96 Uzair Adnan 43 37

47 Irfan Khan 60 63 97 M.Noman 62 54

48 M.Baran 33 45 98 Mohsin Ali 33 39

49 M.Noman Tariq 55 49 99 Aoun Abbas 46 58

50 Khan Zaman 53 57 100 Afan Ahmad 48 50

186

Government Comprehensive Girls Higher Secondary School, Peshawar

S/ Marks Post S/ Marks Post Name of Student Name of Student No. in SSC Test No. in SSC Test

1 Sonia Afreedi 55 38 51 Arsalana 66 32

2 Fayal 51 40 52 Fatima Bibi 39 38

3 Huma Mashal 67 50 53 Sehrish Javed 55 66 Maryam Badar 4 Nageena 69 54 54 38 38 Munir Noor Ul Ain 5 53 42 55 Ayesha Khan 77 62 Farman 6 Ambreen Alam 65 42 56 Kiran M Rafiq 42 50

7 Shaima Feroz 58 40 57 Hina Bibi 44 34 Maimona Zarmar 8 62 50 58 Maimona Shams 34 48 Jan 9 Khushbu Bashir 40 42 59 Iqra Ijaz 42 38

10 Khushnuma 39 46 60 Maimona Matloob 37 40

11 Romana Aslam 53 44 61 Laiba Zeb 53 40 Anna Manzoor 12 44 32 62 Ambreen Ibraheem 34 46 Ahmad Amra Ghulam 13 37 58 63 Sabreena Saher 40 44 Muhammad 14 Maria Gilani 63 52 64 Sidra Khan 43 36

15 Tehniyat Mufti 50 44 65 Naila Zahid 68 42

16 Rukhsar Hussain 73 42 66 Azra Mumtaz 50 44

17 Rabia Ramesh 56 42 67 Uzma Gul 69 46

18 Hina Rashid 57 52 68 Sadaf Khan 50 30

19 Shaista Khan 47 34 69 Sana Hayat 42 32

20 Sadia 65 42 70 Anum Javed Iqbal 56 44 Mehwish Wasif 21 Ishrat Khan 43 32 71 46 70 Khan Neelam Pari 22 65 34 72 Mahrukh Fareed 47 36 Hameed 23 Saima Wazir 68 56 73 Iqra Hashim Khan 57 44

24 Sidra Rehman 72 52 74 Rimsha Iqbal 43 40 Hina Muhammad 25 66 52 75 Ayesha Javed 39 46 Shoaib 26 Parveen Ayaz 42 46 76 Saira Rafia 73 68

27 Bushra Aman 45 38 77 Sonia M Iqbal 59 42

187

28 Hajira 60 50 78 Samia Arooj 71 68

29 Aqsa Waheed 51 34 79 Nabeela Hussain 59 46 Rabia Khadim 30 40 34 80 Fazeelat Rasool 72 66 Hussain Rabia Mobeen 31 53 42 81 Faiza Ahsan 35 44 Ahmad Haseena 32 41 40 82 Hina Gul 34 34 Muhammad Jan 33 Maryam Amjad 50 36 83 Zubaida Habibullah 58 42

34 Zainah Irshad 37 42 84 Maryam Bibi 40 52 Sumiya Dost 35 41 48 85 Arzoo Khan 72 42 Muhammad 36 Zara Mumtaz 53 52 86 Asma Waheed 67 52 Maimona 37 57 48 87 Rukhsar M Jan 50 24 38 Aiman Pari 51 48 88 Huma Gul 40 34 Noreen 39 72 38 89 Mahrukh Azmat 54 76 Nowsherwan 40 Madeeha 62 50 90 Syeda Zareena Ali 59 53

41 Akhtar Bibi 42 38 91 Iqra Iqbal 77 54 Sumreen Mumraiz 42 54 48 92 Sidra Rubab 76 92 Khan 43 Sidra Anwar Khan 62 38 93 Laraib Ijaz 55 38

44 Uzma Mehmood 40 38 94 Salma Bibi 48 32 Sehrish Mubeen 45 59 24 95 Saira Kiran 75 58 Ahmed 46 Bushra Waheed 41 36 96 Uroosa Hassan 53 42

47 Sumbal Tanveer 37 48 97 Ruqia 51 40

48 Seema Faraz 43 48 98 Masooma Ali 50 36

49 Sidra Gohar Shah 75 50 99 Gul e Hina 37 42

50 Maria Shamshad 41 32 100 Momina Zeb 41 48

188

Government Higher Secondary School No. 4, Kakshal, Peshawar

S/ Marks Post S/ Marks Post Name of Student Name of Student No. in SSC Test No. in SSC Test

Zarman Ullah 1 46 32 47 Waqas Khan 36 39 Khan 2 Sorat Khan 34 16 48 Abbas Khan 63 56

3 Shah Rukh 38 26 49 Hamza 62 58

4 Rizwan 50 28 50 Aamir Khan 65 55

5 Tahir Khan 36 22 51 Ali Khan 38 65

6 Zahid Ullah 34 34 52 Asad Amin 56 43

7 Abdul Rahman 46 40 53 Muhammad Salman 42 50

8 Ibrar 38 35 54 Noroz Khan 35 44

9 Faizan Ali 33 40 55 Shahid Afridi 40 34

10 Hamid Khan 50 43 56 Zeeshan 66 47

11 Noman Javed 45 44 57 Afaq Ali 60 52

12 Noman 43 34 58 Gul Muhammad 60 39

13 Waheed Jan 38 56 59 Haseen Ullah 52 33

14 Salman 46 40 60 Rizwan Khan 45 37

15 Izhar Ullah 45 66 61 Mansoor Khan 47 55

16 Yasir 37 43 62 Ali Khan 46 37

17 Salman Khan 34 32 63 Sohail Khan 46 43

18 Muhammad Ali 60 38 64 Hameed Ullah 55 55

19 Faizan 50 47 65 Waqar Noman 36 47

20 Ibrar Ullah 36 57 66 Hamid Khan 50 47

21 Khan Raza 52 55 67 Zahid Khan 40 34

22 Ahmad Ali 39 32 68 Farman 60 56

23 Tanhar Ullah 40 34 69 Furqan Ullah 60 47

24 Muhammad Balal 56 47 70 Khan Zaman 36 33

25 Mansoor Ali Khan 50 56 71 Buland Khan 62 54

26 Bilal Khan 40 33 72 Jan Muhammad 46 32

27 Irfan 52 58 73 Farhad Khan 52 28

189

28 Bilawal 46 53 74 Jamshid Hussain 40 36

29 Jamshed 50 34 75 Imran Khan 34 44

30 Mukhtiar Khan 52 36 76 Sulaman Khan 58 47

31 Ijaz Ul Haq 40 29 77 Bilal Khan 50 48

32 Raza 43 51 78 Haris Khan 44 36

33 Israr 43 36 79 Kamran Akmal 36 32

34 Tanveer 36 47 80 Yonis Khan 50 47

35 Sajad Ali 32 23 81 Shahid Khan 60 55

36 Zia Ullah 40 26 82 Sajjad Ali 70 69

37 Abrar Shah 32 30 83 Kaleem Ullah 70 58

38 Qasim Khan 34 44 84 Junid Khan 60 69

39 Ashfaq Khan 33 35 85 Kamran Nasir 42 48

40 Osama 52 36 86 Said Khan 44 34

41 Adnan 47 47 87 Mujeeb Ur Rahman 46 44

42 Faiz Muhammad 58 57 88 Zakir Khan 48 47

43 Jamal Shah 53 55 89 Muhammad Fahad 61 67

44 Shahzad Amir 34 32 90 Sahir Khan 56 53

45 Usman 58 37 91 Aziz Khan 42 40

46 Muhammad Ibrar 80 78 92 Farman Ullah 50 37

190

Government Frontier College for Women, Peshawar

S/ Marks Post S/ Marks Post Name of Student Name of Student No. in SSC Test No. in SSC Test

1 Nadia Saeed 78 62 51 Spogmay 77 46

2 Rida Zubair 83 60 52 Mehwish 67 38

3 Tamanna 89 52 53 Kainat Ali 79 56

4 Ramsha Shahid 80 68 54 Nida 84 46

5 Sadia Alam 88 60 55 Amina Gul 77 44

6 Maria Hassan 76 42 56 Zainab 79 48

7 Sadia Latif 84 40 57 Naheed Gul 80 50

8 Lubna Saeed 65 30 58 Aiman Faryal 77 48

9 Rabia Saleem 80 64 59 Hira Shahjahan 87 30

10 Madeeha Kanwal 83 58 60 Sana Gul 86 48

11 Maria Aftab 77 58 61 Maham Sarfaraz 90 52

12 Sarah Ali 82 30 62 Momina Iftikhar 90 56

13 Rimsha Qurashi 75 82 63 Aneela Riaz 78 42

14 Sumaira Shaheen 71 52 64 Mashal Rana 73 50

15 Iram Misbah 73 58 65 Humaira Syed 89 76

16 Asya Bibi 76 40 66 Iqra Khalid 82 98

17 Iram Hussain 81 38 67 Humaira Syed 77 80

18 Umbreena Shah 84 34 68 Rida Saleem 83 52

19 Marwah Nawab 76 46 69 Sumbal Aziz 85 34

20 Pakeeza Shabbir 77 62 70 Mahnoor Mahfooz 78 54

21 Maryam Awais 70 50 71 Saman Rehmat 86 56

22 Bushra Gul 69 54 72 Hina Shams 79 22

23 Rabia Farid Khan 70 62 73 Sana Bashir 85 50 Laila Noor Ul 24 Rabia Khtoon 83 52 74 83 46 Bashar 25 Muba 78 36 75 Laila Akbar 84 48

26 Maryum 80 60 76 Nazish Amir 71 46

27 Samia 70 42 77 Maryam Raouf 75 44

191

Afsheen Zareef 28 Tayyaba Taj 84 66 78 83 52 Khan 29 Ghazala Saleem 77 74 79 Afshan 84 46

30 Maria Obaidullah 87 70 80 Affaf Feroz 84 54

31 Yussra Rafiq 80 28 81 Bilquees Syeda 72 60

32 Ayesha Afreedi 82 52 82 Sadaf 83 56 Hafiza Fatima 33 78 46 83 Gulafshan Khan 85 60 Zahid 34 Saman Khan 72 40 84 Khushnuma Saif 82 50

35 Bibi Ayesha 77 50 85 Shizra Kamal 85 82

36 Hina 84 52 86 Iram Naseeb 80 42

37 Maria 71 60 87 Ayesah 85 24

38 Mashal 79 52 88 Aalia 85 58

39 Sheema 80 46 89 Mahnoor Mahfooz 74 40

40 Saba Qayum 82 48 90 Lail O Mah Durrani 83 38

41 Amina Palwasha 81 66 91 Sameena Anjum 87 56

42 SanaSaeed 70 48 92 Sumbal Ali 77 44

43 Aqsa 70 62 93 Qurat Ul Ain 72 42

44 Javaria 82 46 94 Hina Waqar 86 38

45 Rozeena Manzoor 92 56 95 Naiba Tu Zahra 79 42

46 Aiman Waheed 89 58 96 Arooba Iqbal 84 50 Dur e Shahwar 47 Samreen Hayat 77 36 97 71 37 Khalid 48 Attia Tahir 80 46 98 Hafiza Anum 77 40

49 Rijaa Masood 77 44 99 Lailoma Saboor 76 49

50 Sakeena Amber 79 46 100 Nadyata Khan 82 47

192

Government Degree College Hayatabad, Peshawar

S/ Marks Post S/ Marks Post Name of Student Name of Student No. in SSC Test No. in SSC Test

Muhammad 1 55 40 51 Hamza Ali Khan 55 45 Ameer 2 Abdul Malik 35 33 52 Sadam Hussain 34 36

3 Muhammad Zahid 47 45 53 Zarwali Khan 44 33

4 Sahib Jan 74 73 54 Sher Bahader 45 38

5 Tariq Mehmood 54 45 55 Hamayat Ullah 60 54

6 Sallah Ud Din 44 36 56 Hazrat Ali 67 39

7 Karamat Ali 42 50 57 Noor Alam 78 75 Muhammad Khan 8 69 72 58 Mosam Khan 73 48 Zaman Muhammad 9 53 55 59 Sahib Noor 35 46 Mumtaz Ghulam 10 42 34 60 Qismat Ullah 38 46 Dastageer 11 Khursheed Khan 33 50 61 Muhammad Idrees 70 58

12 Khan Zaman 46 55 62 Muhammad Shahid 74 60

13 Resham Khan 74 78 63 Waseem Jan 34 20

14 Mehboob Hussain 45 44 64 Muhammad Azeem 44 52

15 Faiz Ur Rehman 66 60 65 Zubairullah 46 43

16 Khalid Mehmood 56 49 66 Mir Zaman 65 69 Muhammad 17 67 80 67 Jan Sher Khan 62 89 Waqar 18 Muhammad Rais 64 75 68 Laiq Zaman 51 46

19 Bahadar Khan 35 44 69 Muhammad Irfan 54 44

20 Shah Alam 52 43 70 Atta Ur Rahman 46 56

21 Ameer Jan 41 55 71 Ahmad Gul 57 52

22 Fiaz Ahmad 46 47 72 Usman Ghani 59 45 Muhammad 23 56 44 73 Behram Khan 55 49 Yousaf 24 Muhammad Fayaz 67 48 74 Naik Naam 65 61

25 Aamir Nazir 77 79 75 Samandar Khan 55 35

26 Kausar Abbas 61 66 76 Shah Azam 77 64

27 Kifayat Ullah 60 54 77 Waris Khan 72 59

193

28 Habib Ur Rahman 64 48 78 Mir Daraz 63 37 Muhammad 29 44 33 79 Ihsan Ullah 51 47 Jamshaid Khalil Ur Rahman 30 54 55 80 Baqi Jan 42 45 Shah 31 Ikram Ullah 50 48 81 Baz Gul 44 45 Sahibzada 32 42 47 82 Said Muhammad 48 47 Shaman Daud 33 M.Sajjad Javed 48 44 83 Pasham Khan 48 42

34 Syed Ali Shah 46 34 84 Liaqat Ali 57 37

35 Dil Jan 48 48 85 Irshad 66 53

36 Umer Hayat 45 55 86 Abdul Hameed 45 44

37 Nasrullah 42 57 87 Qismat Gul 56 47

38 Nazar Hussain 55 67 88 Rehmat Ullah 57 55

39 Adam Khan 56 45 89 Muhammad Bilal 68 40

40 Syed Hanif Shah 68 64 90 Atlas Khan 64 64

41 Asmatullah 60 55 91 Dilbar Khan 34 36

42 Muhammad Imran 67 38 92 Shafiullah 45 44 Muhammad 43 56 32 93 Shahid Muneer 47 37 Kaleemullah 44 Noor Ul Mustafa 49 28 94 Samiullah 50 48

45 Karim Khan 42 45 95 Fakher Zaman 69 70

46 Imdad Ullah 34 27 96 Muhammad Bakhtiar 63 67

47 Naqib Ullah 45 56 97 Ajmal Khan 43 32

48 Ateeq Ullah 65 77 98 Taj Muhammad 44 56

49 Ejaz Khan 45 56 99 Izhar Ali 49 44

50 Ishfaq Ullah 54 33 100 Kamran 62 69

194

APPENDIX – J

No. NU/NSR/2011-01/282 Dated: 05/01/2011.

To,

The Director Colleges

______

Subject: - Permission to Empirical Study

It gives me pleasure to introduce Ms. Rooh ul Ain Laiqa, who is a

bonafied scholar of Ph.D. program of this University. She has planned to

conduct Empirical Study in your institution.

She may very kindly be facilitated to complete her Empirical Study under

your kind guidance and supervision. Your cooperation in this regard will

be highly appreciated.

Muhammad Malik, Deputy Registrar.

Northern University Wattar Wallai Road, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Nowshera. No. 0923-210641-42.

195

No. NU/NSR/2011-01/282 Dated: 05/01/2011.

To,

The Director Colleges

______

Subject: - Permission to Empirical Study

It gives me pleasure to introduce Ms. Rooh ul Ain Laiqa, who is a

bonafied scholar of Ph.D. program of this University. She has planned to

conduct Empirical Study in your institution.

She may very kindly be facilitated to complete her Empirical Study under

your kind guidance and supervision. Your cooperation in this regard will

be highly appreciated.

Muhammad Malik, Deputy Registrar.

Northern University Wattar Wallai Road, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Nowshera. No. 0923-210641-42.

196

APPENDIX – K

TEAM OF EXPERTS FOR THE REVIEW/ VALIDATION OF CHECK LIST

1. Dr. Muhammad Mumtaz (Sociologist) Associate Professor Department of Geography, Urban and Regional Planning University of Peshawar

2. Dr. Zulfiqar Ali (Environmentalist) From Academia Assistant Professor Department of Geography, Urban and Regional Planning

3. Architect Salman Jamil (M. Arch. Georgia Tech. USA) Assistant Professor Department of Architecture University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar Campus Abbottabad Evaluation Expert

Architect 4. Shahid Mansoor Khan (MS U&RP, MSc Environmental Design) Assistant Professor Department of Architecture University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar Campus Abbottabad

Architect Architects 5. Tauseef Ahmed Tauseef Ahmed Associates (former Designers’ Ateliers) F-10 Markaz Islamabad

197

APPENDIX – L

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE TEACHERS

Respectable teachers are requested to kindly follow the instructions given hereunder while conducting the classes:

1. Physical environmental settings of the classroom will not be altered during the

teaching phase, and will be maintained as it is in the routine.

2. Duration of each class would be 50 minutes.

3. Being a compulsory subject, English will be taught daily in 1st or 2nd period.

4. Direct and lecture method will be used during teaching.

5. After finishing each lecture, question-answer session would be conducted.

6. At the end of each lesson, the main point of the lesson would be recapitulated

with students’ participation.

7. The study duration will be three weeks.

8. Six lessons from the textbook of English for class XI will be delivered/ taught.

9. At the culmination of the study phase, a written test (post-test consisting of fifty

multiple choice questions) will be conducted.

10. Tests will be marked by the concerned teacher. Each correct answer in the test

weighs one mark to assess the perception level of students.

11. At the end of the study, all the relevant material and marked tests will be

submitted to the researcher through authorized assistant.