Building Resilience to Climate Change in ’s coastal cities Presented by Allan Cain o.c. Development Workshop Angola to the Angola Forum 2020 Sustainability & Inclusion in Economic Recovery & Reform Chatham House - London 24 November 2020 Project Objectives - Climate Change, Water Supply in Coastal Settlements of Post-War Angola

• Improve knowledge about the climate and hydrology in coastal areas of Angola by filling the data gaps in order to understand trends and variability. • Improve information about settlement patterns and population in four of Angola’s urban coastal cities, housing over 10 million people. Assess the risks, impact and vulnerability from flooding and erosion at present and under future climate scenarios. • Create tools for adaptation planning in Angola’s urban coastal cities, especially for vulnerable social groups, and develop options for better water and settlement management. Post-War Angola • During the conflict, millions of Angolans fled the countryside for the relative safety of crowded shantytowns in coastal cities. • The poor often settled in flood- prone environmentally risky sites, building homes incrementally where land was cheap. Coastal Settlements at Risk: climate variability & water supply challenges Angolan coastal settlements, house 64% of the Angola’s urban population, are confronted by the dual Soyo challenge of • supplying their war- displaced populations (particularly the poorest) with adequate water supply and safe housing. • while at the same time confronting new problems of adapting to the climate and environmental changes that Namibe are occurring in these highly vulnerable coastal areas. Mortality due to the high environmental risk

Indice Multidimensional de Pobreza Climate data loss and conflict

1932 1972 2007

The "gap" of meteorological information from more than 30 years of war of coincides with the recent period of accelerated climate change. Monitoring the media to fill the information gaps

Feeding2011 the Public - 20 Domain CEDOC monthly Media Scan Fevereiro 2007

CEDOC’s Thematic CDs Media compilation since 2001 Findings from the Recovery of lost data • The project’s research team has recovered and analysed historical rainfall data; then digitalising it for sharing in the public domain. • Luanda: the years with more than 600mm of rainfall causing severe flooding: – 1879 a 1900 0 – 1901 a 1950 4 – 1951 a 2000 9 • Mapping the results demonstrates the dramatically increased rainfall variability. 9

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0 2 Sagrada EspSeercatnocra2 Km 9B 0 Rocha Pinto 0 12B Funda Sede (H avemos) 0 Mulemvos CasuloC aEtsotnraddoa 0 Corimba Sector 4 Grafanil 2 Golf I PALANC A 0 Caop C 0 ROCHA PIN TO 0 9 Imbondeiro Terra vermelha Scale: 1:200000 14B(C ambireC) aop A Vila de Estoril Sapú Caop B Rio Seco INOR AD Km 9A Bairro do Gamek Imbondeiro Vila deM Easritao rEilugenia Neto Morro Bento I 12A 28 de Agosto VitoGriaO eL CFeErta Morro Bento II Vila Nova Capalanga Morro Bento I ESNToOvaR VILida Weji Maca Km 14 A B Kaw elele Cambamba I D A C Tande Cambamba I Boa EsperEa n1ç5a Chimbicato FU TU NGO Cambamba I 1 DeJ eMmabioa (4 de Abril) Cambamba II Luanda Sul MUSSULO Mbondo Chapeu Casa Branca KILAMBA KIAXI Regedoria Futungo de Belas Camam a Sede Partido Viana II Cidade Universitario 500 casas Nova Esperanca Bairro chines Dimba 9 0 Cabolombo 0

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9 Bem Vindo Km 30 C.P 3 360 C.P 2 48 Rua Rei Katyava la 11 3 -Angola 10 de D ezembro Lua nda -Angola Phone: 244 -4 1-2033 8/20 081 Kikuxi II Phone: 448 371/77/66 Fa x: (244-41 )-20 338 Nova Esperanca Fa x: 449 494 dwhua mbo@a ngonet.org Km 35 SAMBA dwa ng@angone t.org Tanque SerraNova Esperanca Kikuxi I Tanque Serra Zango BENFIC A Cliente: LUPP KM 32 VIANA Vai e Volta

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Quingolo Rapado Quinzenza 290000 300000 310000 320000 330000 340000 Building Geographic Information Systems

Participatory and spatial mapping

Remote sensing and digital modeling Demographic Modelling using roof-counting & co-production of household information Assessment of Types of Environmental Risks

Areas and types of flooding

Buracos Desabamento Desabamento/lagoa

Lago Lagoa Ravinas e inundação

Águas estagnadas

Slopes <15m 15 – 30m 30 -45m 45 – 60m >60m Municipal Adaptation Planning in 4 cities

• Risk maps and physical planning information were co- produced and validated with the participation of local communities and municipal government administrations on- the ground. Luanda • The maps are essential tools being used for the planning of adaptation strategies with the aim of reducing climate risks of vulnerable urban communities.

• Municipal authorities who are responsible for delivering adequate and affordable services to their constituencies need regular and reliable information in useable and easily understandable forms. Community participation in neighbourhood adaptation planning • Participatory planning of informal settlements prevents the construction of new homes in flood-prone basins • Promotes the greening and protection of drainage courses and slows run-off. Emergency Action Against COVID-19 • Maintaining access to water supply for Angola's most vulnerable families, living in high-density slums (where the Corona virus is spreading quickly) is essential. • DW has supported community water committees and trained water managers in peri-urban neighbourhoods . • During the COVID-19 pandemic, the community water managers provide hygiene and safety information, but it has become a high-risk activity. Conclusions • Low-lying African coastal cities disproportionately suffer environmental risks due to Climate Change. They experience the increased risk of rising sea levels, the risk of flooding and strong tropical storms. • Data is still insufficient in post-conflict countries like Angola for modeling and for disaster-preparedness plans. Information is vital for building adaptation strategies. • Urban planning in Angola must incorporate climate change adaptation considerations, taking into account newly available information on variability risks. • Reduce Vulnerability of communities themselves can be promoted through micro-planning and co- participation with municipalities to develop adaptation plans, resilient to climate change and natural disasters. Obrigado Contact: www.dw.angonet.org