Planning and designing for pedestrians: guidelines UNCONTROLLED COPY Department of Transport Department of Planning Public Transport Authority Planning and Designing for Pedestrians: Guidelines Introduction Contents Foreword 3 Acknowledgements 4 1. Quick Reference Index 5 2. Setting the Scene 18 2.1 Government Roles 19 2.2 Strategic Context 21 3. Standards and Guidelines 27 3.1 Standards and Guidelines Summary 28 3.2 MRWA Standards and Guidelines 31 3.3 Other State Government Standards and Guidelines 34 3.4 Local Government Standards and Guidelines 36 3.5 Austroads Guide to Traffic Management and Guide to Road Design Series 38 3.6 Australian Standards Series 44 3.7 International Good Practice Examples 50 4. Legislation and Regulations 52 4.1 Disability Discrimination Act 1992 53 4.2 Road Traffic Code 2000 54 4.3 Main Roads Act 1930 62 5. Land Use Planning 63 5.1 Land Use Planning 64 6. Pedestrian Characteristics 68 6.1 Pedestrian Characteristics 69 7. Pedestrian Paths 76 7.1 Path Widths 77 7.2 Street Furniture 87 7.3 Grates / Covers 91 7.4 Vertical Clearances 93 7.5 Surfaces 95 7.6 Gradients and Ramps 98 (Version 6- 01/12/16) 1 Introduction 7.7 Steps and Stairs 103 7.8 Crossovers / Driveways 105 7.9 Barricades (including chicanes and bollards) 106 8. Pedestrian Crossing Elements 108 8.1 Kerb Crossing Ramps and Pedestrian Cut-Throughs 109 8.2 Grab Rails 116 8.3 Tactile Ground Surface Indicators (TGSI) 118 8.4 Audio-Tactile Facilities 125 9. Pedestrian Crossing Facilities 129 9.1 Sight Lines 130 9.2 Pedestrian Crossing Warrants 135 9.3 Mid-Block Crossings 140 9.4 Non-Signalised Intersection Crossings 159 9.5 Signalised Intersection Crossings 163 9.6 Roundabouts 172 9.7 Grade Separated Crossings 177 9.8 Railway Crossings 180 10. Pedestrian Guidance Measures 183 10.1 Lighting 184 10.2 Directional, Service and Tourist Signs 188 10.3 Pedestrian Warning Signs 192 11. Speed and Environmental Changes 194 11.1 School Speed Zones 195 11.2 Variable Speed Zones 200 11.3 Shared Zones 202 11.4 Traffic Calming 206 12. Accessible Car Parking Bays 211 12.1 Accessible Car Parking Bays 212 13. Abbreviations 216 14. References 217 (Version 6 - 01/12/2016) 2 Planning and Designing for Pedestrians: Guidelines Introduction Foreword It is my pleasure to introduce to you the comprehensive ‘Planning and Designing for Pedestrians: Guidelines’ which outlines good practice for the design and construction of pedestrian facilities in WA. Pedestrians form the largest single road-user group. In these Guidelines, the word ‘pedestrian’ includes all non-vehicular mobility (including the use of, for example, wheelchairs, guide dogs or other mobility aids). Nearly all short trips could be undertaken on foot and even longer trips, whether the main mode of transport is by private car, public transport or cycling - require the road user to be a pedestrian at some stage of the journey. Walking is a key element in the way West Australians travel to work, school and local facilities. Pedestrians are among the most vulnerable group of road users. In 2010, pedestrians formed 13 per cent of fatalities in the Perth metropolitan region. Not only do they have the least physical protection, pedestrian fatalities comprised disproportionately of the very young and the elderly. While some of these fatalities may be due to a number of factors, pedestrians are unprotected if involved in a crash. It is, therefore, essential to provide facilities that are well designed and appropriate to the particular situation and user group to enhance pedestrian safety throughout the road network system. Planning and designing good pedestrian infrastructure with well-connected and amenable facilities will benefit the whole community. Creating communities that encourage people to choose walking as a mode of transport is a way to foster more sustainable, healthier and safer communities. Independent travel will be possible for more people including the elderly, children, families and people with disability. Currently one in five people in Australia have a disability. Two out of three people over 75 have a disability and the prevalence of disability will increase further with the ageing of the Australian population. It is estimated that the total number of people who identify themselves as having a disability will increase by about 38 per cent to around 632,600 by 2023.1 Eventually we hope it will be an enjoyable experience to walk, push your pram or wheel your wheelchair all the way along a route safe in the knowledge that problems with crossing roads, negotiating high kerbs and narrow pavements and finding somewhere easily to have a rest are things of the past. It is great that these Guidelines are a single source document outlining the policies, planning, guidelines and standards for good pedestrian infrastructure and facilities. It is also pleasing to see that there is great interest across government to ensure that people can travel in a safe environment. This document is a good example of intersectoral collaboration and has been coordinated by the Department of Transport with funding from Departments of Transport, Planning, Disability Services Commission and the Royal Automobile Club of Western Australia and support from WA Local Government Authority, Public Transport Authority, Main Roads WA and the Institute of Public Works Engineering Australia. Reece Waldock Director General of Transport 1 Disability Services Commission, WA, Count Me In, page 27 (Version 6- 01/12/16) 3 Introduction Acknowledgements The ‘Planning and Designing for Pedestrians: Guidelines’ is a unique collaboration of the Departments of Transport, Planning, Disability Services Commission, Main Roads WA, WA Local Government Association, Public Transport Authority, The Royal Automobile Club of WA and the Institute of Public Works Engineering Australia WA. The Department of Transport commissioned AECOM and Lachlan Millar and Associates to review and revise the 2004 ‘Infrastructure for Pedestrians’ Manual. Special thanks to the following organisations for funding the project: • Department of Transport • Department of Planning • Disability Services Commission • The Royal Automobile Club of WA • Main Roads WA Project Steering Committee members: • Alice Haning (Chair) – Department of Transport • Jillian Woolmer – Department of Transport • Shanthi Golestani – Department of Planning • Gary McCarney – Department of Planning • Caroline Carabott – Main Roads WA • Jeff Edwards – Disability Services Commission • Jim Altham - Public Transport Authority • Nina Hewson – WA Local Government Association • Marianne Carey - The Royal Automobile Club of WA • Frank Strever – Institute of Public Works Engineering Australia (IPWEA) Special acknowledgement to IPWEA and professionals in both state, local and non government organisations that have reviewed and provided feedback on the document. Photos, graphics and images A special thanks to all organisations for contributing the photos, graphics and images for the use of this Guideline. The images in this document are reproduced with permission from SAI Global under licence number 1111-c055. Disclaimer: This Guideline is an uncontrolled copy and is to be used at the discretion of each individual. The content of this Guideline is correct at the time of release. It is up to each individual to refer back to the relevant resource centres for the current practices. Any representation, statement, opinion or advice expressed or implied in this publication is made in good faith and on the basis that the government, its employees and agents are not liable for any damage or loss whatsoever which may occur as a result of action taken or not taken (as the case may be) in respect of any representation, statement, opinion or advice referred to herein. Professional advice should be obtained before applying the information contained in this document to particular circumstances. Published by the Department of Transport 140 William Street, PERTH WA 6000 T: 08 655 16000 www.transport.wa.gov.au [email protected] First published November 2011 © Western Australia (Version 6 - 01/12/2016) 4 Planning and Designing for Pedestrians: Guidelines 1. Quick Reference Index 1. Quick Reference Index Planning for Pedestrians (Section 5) Key Design Elements Important Design Elements Design Reference Principles of Pedestrian • Connected AGRD Part 6A: Pedestrian Network Planning • Comfortable and Cyclists Paths, Section 4.1 (AGRD6A/09) (Section 5.1) • Convenient • Convivial AGTM Part 5: Road Management, Tables 3.1 and • Conspicuous 3.2 (AGTM05/08) Pedestrian Accessibility Pedestrian networks should Liveable Neighbourhoods (Section 5.1) be planned in combination (WAPC) with land uses to provide Activity Centre Policy (WAPC) residential access to mixed Development Control use centres and bus routes Policy 1.6 Planning to within a 400m walk, and Support Transit Orientated access to train stations Development (WAPC) within 800m of strategic and secondary activity centres Pedestrian Safety Pedestrian networks should Liveable Neighbourhoods (Section 5.1) be designed with passive (WAPC) surveillance and good lighting Designing Out Crime Planning to provide an attractive and Guidelines (WAPC) safe walking environment Reducing Crime and Anti-Social Behaviour in Pedestrian Access Ways Planning Guidelines (WAPC) Procedure for the Closure of Pedestrian Access Ways (WAPC) Pedestrian Characteristics (Section 6) Key Design Elements Important Design Elements Design Reference Minimum path widths for Pedestrians in a wheelchair – AGRD