Archaeology & Built Heritage Assessment

Pegasus Group

LOPHAM ROAD, HARLING ARCHAEOLOGY & BUILT HERITAGE ASSESSMENT

PREPARED BY PEGASUS GROUP ON BEHALF OF GLADMAN DEVELOPMENTS LTD.

P18-2034 | DECEMBER 2018

This page has been left intentionally blank December 2018 | RG | P18-2034

Document Management

Version Date Author Checked/approved by: Reason for revision

Gail Stoten Rebecca Gilbey

3 11.12.2018 Client comments Regional Director Heritage Consultant (Heritage)

Pegasus Group

T 01285 641717 | www.pegasusgroup.co.uk

This page has been left intentionally blank December 2018 | RG | P18-2034

FINAL

ARCHAEOLOGY AND BUILT HERITAGE ASSESSMENT

LOPHAM ROAD, HARLING

ON BEHALF OF: GLADMAN DEVELOPMENTS LTD.

PLANNING (LISTED BUILDING AND CONSERVATION AREAS) ACT 1990 ANCIENT MONUMENTS AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREA ACT 1979

Prepared by: Rebecca Gilbey, Heritage Consultant

Pegasus Group

T 01285 641717 | www.pegasusgroup.co.uk

This page has been left intentionally blank

CONTENTS:

INTRODUCTION 1 SITE DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION 2 METHODOLOGY 4 PLANNING POLICY FRAMEWORK 10 THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT 20 SETTING ASSESSMENT 33 CONCLUSIONS 40 SOURCES 42

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling

This page has been left intentionally blank

APPENDICES:

APPENDIX 1: GAZETTEER OF HERITAGE DATA 44 APPENDIX 2: DESIGNATION DESCRIPTIONS 50 APPENDIX 3: FIGURES 51

FIGURES:

FIGURE 1: DESIGNATED HERITAGE ASSETS FIGURE 2: NORFOLK HER DATA

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling

This page has been left intentionally blank

PLATES: PLATE 1: SITE LOCATION PLAN 1 PLATE 2: VIEW SOUTH FROM THE NORTHERN BOUNDARY OF THE SITE ACROSS THE SITE SHOWING ITS ARABLE NATURE 2 PLATE 3: VIEW NORTH AND NORTH-EAST FROM WITHIN THE SITE TOWARDS RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT 2 PLATE 4: EXTRACT FROM THE EAST HARLING INCLOSURE MAP OF 1804 26 PLATE 5: EXTRACT FROM THE EAST HARLING TITHE MAP OF 1845 27 PLATE 6: EXTRACT FROM THE FIRST EDITION ORDNANCE SURVEY MAP OF 1884 28 PLATE 7: EXTRACT FROM AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH RAF/CPE/UK/1801 25TH OCTOBER 1946 28 PLATE 8: EXTRACT FROM AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH OS/75177 6TH JUNE 1975 29 PLATE 9: EXTRACT FROM THE ORDNANCE SURVEY MAP OF 1981 29 PLATE 10: VIEW NORTH FROM WITHIN THE SITE TOWARDS NOS 13-16 THE CRESCENT 35 PLATE 11: VIEW NORTH FROM WITHIN THE WESTERN PORTION OF THE SITE TOWARDS THE CRESCENT 35 PLATE 12: VIEW NORTH-WEST TOWARDS THE GRADE I LISTED CHURCH OF ST PETER AND ST PAUL 37 PLATE 13: DISTANT VIEW NORTH-WEST FROM WITHIN THE SITE TOWARDS THE CHURCH SPIRE (DISTANT VIEWS OF THE SPIRE SEEN IN ASSOCIATION WITH EXISTING BUILDINGS AND VEGETATION) 37 PLATE 14: VIEW SOUTH-EAST FROM THE CHURCHYARD ADJACENT TO THE CHURCH IN THE DIRECTION OF THE SITE (NO VISIBILITY) 38 PLATE 15: VIEW NORTH-WEST FROM WEST HARLING ROAD TOWARDS THE SITE CROSS THE RECREATION GROUND 38

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling

This page has been left intentionally blank

Summary

Pegasus Group have been commissioned by Gladman Developments Medieval activity was focused to the north-west of the site, in the Ltd. to carry out an archaeology and built heritage assessment of the historic core of the settlement although there is a large amount of proposed residential development at Lopham Road, Harling in Norfolk. material of this date recorded from the remainder of the study area, including the findspot of a medieval silver coin and a copper alloy spoon Archaeological resource recorded within the western extent of the site. Sherds of medieval There is a large amount of prehistoric activity recorded in the study pottery were recorded on the surface of the field immediately west of area, with the findspot of an Iron Age or Roman button and loop fastener the site. The potential for remains of archaeological significance of recorded within the site during metal detecting. Cropmarks of a ring medieval date is considered to be low. ditch of potential Bronze Age or Iron Age origin were recorded c. 835m Numerous buildings were constructed in the vicinity of the site during north-east of the site by aerial photography, and numerous findspots of the post-medieval to modern landscape. The land within the site was prehistoric date were recorded in the area. Therefore, the potential for utilised as arable land from at least the mid-19th century, and the site significant archaeological remains of prehistoric date within the site is has continued in this use. The potential for significant archaeological considered to be low to moderate. remains of post-medieval to modern date is considered to be low. There is some evidence for Romano-British activity in the study area, Setting assessment including the Iron Age or Roman findspot within the site and two sherds of Romano-British greyware pottery recorded on the surface of a field The Grade II Listed buildings of The Crescent lie c. 40-85m north of the immediately west of the site. The route of a possible Roman road at site. The proposed development within the site will be set back from Harling lies c. 115m south of the site. The potential for significant Lopham Road and the buildings of The Crescent by a band of open green archaeological remains of Romano-British date is considered to be low space which follows the road, and a circle of amenity space, which is to moderate. similar in form to that contained by The Crescent. This will provide an appropriate treatment of their setting, with the setting of those facing There is a large amount of evidence for Saxon activity in the study area, on to Lopham Road changing to a broadly similar situation to those comprising numerous findspots recorded during fieldwalking and metal Listed buildings set back further to the north on the Crescent, facing detecting, but no finds from within the site. Therefore, the potential for onto public open space behind some planting. The development of the significant archaeological remains of Saxon date is considered to be low.

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling

site will result in the alteration of the character of the land within the site from agricultural to residential. There is no historical functional

relationship between the land within the site and the Listed buildings of The Crescent. The change to the wider rural setting of the assets will

result in very minor harm to the significance of the Grade II Listed buildings of The Crescent, which is clearly less than substantial.

The Grade I Listed Church of St Peter and St Paul lies c. 895m north-

west of the site. The proposed development within the site would result in no harm to the significance of the Grade I Listed Church of St Peter

and St Paul, through changes in setting.

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling

Introduction

Pegasus Group have been commissioned by Gladman significance through changes to setting. Developments Ltd. to carry out an archaeology and built As required by paragraph 189 of the NPPF, the detail and heritage assessment of the proposed residential development at assessment in this Report is considered to be “proportionate to Lopham Road, Harling in Norfolk as shown on the Site Location the asset’s importance”. Plan provided at Plate 1.

The site is approximately 11.79 ha in area and comprises two arable fields located off Lopham Road, to the south of the main settlement at Harling.

This archaeology and built heritage assessment provides information with regards to the significance of the historic environment and archaeological resource to fulfil the requirement given in paragraph 189 of the Government’s National Planning Policy Framework (the NPPF1) which requires:

“an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting.”

In order to inform an assessment of the acceptability of the scheme in relation to impacts to the historic environment and archaeological resource, following paragraphs 193 to 197 of the

NPPF, any harm to the historic environment resulting from the proposed development is also described, including impacts to Plate 1: Site Location Plan

1 NPPF, DCLG, 2018

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 1

Site Description and Location

The site is approximately 11.79 ha in area and comprises two The site is bounded by residential development beyond Lopham arable fields located off Lopham Road (Plate 2), to the south of Road to the north and north-east (Plate 3); a pig farm to the the main settlement at Harling. The boundaries of the site south-east; a chapel and associated cemetery to the south; and comprise predominantly hedgerows and trees. a mixture of residential development and agricultural land beyond Garboldisham Road to the west.

Plate 2: View south from the northern boundary of the site across the site showing its arable nature Plate 3: View north and north-east from within the site towards residential development

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 2

Planning History

No planning history for the site was identified within recent planning history records held online by Breckland Council.

Proposed Development

The proposed development within the site comprises c. 5.91 ha

of residential development, with the remainder of the site consisting of open amenity space which includes a locally equipped area of play. The residential development within the site is set back from Lopham Road in the western site parcel by

an area of open space.

The open space in the south-western extent of the site is proposed to include allotments with an associated car park, a

community orchard, and an extension to the cemetery (located to the south of the site) in the form of a woodland burial area.

Sustainable Drainage Systems are proposed in the northern areas of the site.

The site has two proposed access points; one from Gariboldisham Road to the west, and one from Lopham Road to

the north-east.

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 3

Methodology

The aims of this archaeology and built heritage assessment are For digital data sets, information was sourced for a 1km study to assess the significance of the heritage resource within the area. Information gathered is discussed within the text where it site, to assess the contribution that the site makes to the is of relevance to the potential heritage resource of the site. A heritage significance of the surrounding designated heritage gazetteer of recorded sites and findspots is included as Appendix assets, and to identify any harm or benefit to them which may 1 and maps illustrating the resource and study area are included result from the implementation of the development proposals, at the end of this report. along with the level of any harm caused if relevant. This Designated heritage assets in the wider area were assessed as assessment considers the archaeological resource, built heritage deemed appropriate (see Section 6). and the historic landscape. Historic cartographic sources and aerial photographs were Sources of information and study area. reviewed for the site, and beyond this where professional The following key sources have been consulted as part of this judgement deemed necessary. assessment: Site Visit • The National Heritage List for England for A site visit was undertaken by Pegasus Group on Monday 10th information on designated heritage assets; September 2018, during which the site and its surrounds were • The Norfolk Historic Environment Record (HER) assessed. Selected heritage assets were assessed from publicly for information on the recorded heritage resource and previous archaeological works; accessible areas.

• Archival sources, including cartographic The visibility on this day was clear. Surrounding vegetation was sources, held at the Norfolk Record Office; in full leaf at the time of the site visit, and thus the potential

• Aerial photographs and documentary sources screening that this affords was also considered when assessing held at the Historic England Archives, Swindon; potential intervisibility between the site and surrounding areas. and

• Online sources including aerial photographs and satellite imagery.

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 4

Assessment of significance Conservation Principles provides further information on the heritage values it identifies: In the NPPF, heritage significance is defined as: Evidential value: the potential of a place to yield “The value of a heritage asset to this and future evidence about past human activity. This value generations because of its heritage interest. is derived from physical remains, such as That interest may be archaeological, archaeological remains, and genetic lines. architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset’s Historical value: the ways in which past people, physical presence, but also from its setting. For events and aspects of life can be connected World Heritage Sites, the cultural value through a place to the present - it tends to be described within each site’s Statement of illustrative or associative. Illustrative value is Outstanding Universal Value forms part of its the perception of a place as a link between past significance2” and present people and depends on visibility. It has the power to aid interpretation of the past Historic England’s Historic Environment Good Practice advice in through making connections with and Planning Note 2: Managing Significance in Decision Taking in the providing insights into past communities and

3 their activities through shared experience of a Historic Environment (henceforth referred to as ‘GPA 2: place. By contrast, associative value need not Managing Significance’) gives advice on the assessment of necessarily be legible at an asset, but gives a particular resonance through association with significance as part of the application process. It advises a notable family, person, event or movement. understanding the nature, extent, and level of significance of a Aesthetic value: the ways in which people draw heritage asset. In order to do this, GPA 2: Managing Significance sensory and intellectual stimulation from a also advocates considering the four types of heritage value an place. Aesthetic values can be the result of conscious design or fortuitous outcome or a asset may hold, as identified in Historic England’s Conservation combination of the two aspects. The latter can Principles4; evidential, historical, aesthetic and communal. result from the enhancement of the appearance of a place through the passage of time. These essentially cover the heritage ‘interests’ given in the glossary of the NPPF, which comprise archaeological, Communal value: the meanings of a place for the people who relate to it, or for whom it architectural, artistic and historic interest. figures in their collective experience or memory. This can be through widely

2 NPPF, DCLG, 2018 4 English Heritage 2008 Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment 3 Historic England, 2015, Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 2: Managing Significance in Decision Taking in the Historic Environment

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 5

acknowledged commemorative or symbolic to appreciate that significance or may be value that reflects the meaning of the place, or neutral.”6 through more informal social value as a source of identity, distinctiveness, social interaction Therefore, setting can contribute to, affect an appreciation of and coherence. Spiritual value may also be part of communal value. significance or be neutral with regards to heritage values.

Significance results from a combination of any, some or all of It is also important to note that whilst a physical or visual the values described above. connection between a heritage asset and its setting will often exist, it is not essential or determinative. This was recently Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas are generally considered in a High Court Judgement7 where it was concluded designated for their special architectural and historic interest. that: Scheduling is predominantly, although not exclusively, associated with archaeological interest. “The term setting is not defined in purely visual terms in the NPPF which refers to the Setting and significance “surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced”. The word “experienced” has a As defined in the NPPF: broad meaning, which is capable of extending beyond the purely visual”. “Significance derives not only from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its Assessing change through alteration to setting setting. ”5 How setting might contribute to these values has been assessed Setting is defined as: within this report with reference to Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 3 (Second Edition): The Setting “The surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is not fixed and may of Heritage Assets8 (henceforth referred to as GPA 3: The change as the asset and its surroundings Setting of Heritage Assets), particularly the checklist given on evolve. Elements of a setting may make a positive or negative contribution to the page 11. This advocates the clear articulation of ‘what matters significance of an asset, may affect the ability and why’.

5 NPPF Annex 2, DCLG, 2018 7 EWHC 1456, Steer v. Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government, Catesby Estates Limited, Amber Valley Borough Council, 2017. 6 Ibid 8 Historic England, 2017, Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 3 (Second Edition): The Setting of Heritage Assets

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 6

In GPA 3: The Setting of Heritage Assets, a stepped approach architectural or historic interest which it possesses. is recommended, of which Step 1 is to identify which heritage Levels of significance assets and their settings are affected. Step 2 is to assess ‘whether, how and to what degree settings make a contribution In accordance with the levels of significance articulated in the to the significance of the heritage asset(s) or allow significance NPPF, three levels of significance are identified:

to be appreciated’. The guidance includes a (non-exhaustive) • Designated heritage assets of the highest check-list of elements of the physical surroundings of an asset significance, as identified in paragraph 194 of the NPPF comprising Grade I and II* Listed that might be considered when undertaking the assessment buildings, Grade I and II* Registered Parks and including, among other things: topography, other heritage Gardens, Scheduled Monuments, Protected Wreck Sites, World Heritage Sites and assets, green space, functional relationships and degree of Registered Battlefields (and also including change over time. It also lists points associated with the some Conservation Areas) and non-designated heritage assets of archaeological interest which experience of the asset which might be considered, including: are demonstrably of equivalent significance to views, intentional intervisibility, tranquillity, sense of enclosure, Scheduled Monuments, as identified in footnote 63 of the NPPF; accessibility, rarity and land use. • Designated heritage assets of less than the Step 3 is to assess the effect of the proposed development on highest significance, as identified in paragraph the significance of the asset(s). Step 4 is to explore ways to 194 of the NPPF, comprising Grade II Listed buildings and Grade II Registered Parks and ‘maximise enhancement and minimise harm’. Step 5 is to ‘make Gardens (and also some Conservation Areas); and document the decision and monitor outcomes’. and

Descriptions of significance will naturally anticipate the ways in • Non-designated heritage assets. Non- designated heritage assets are defined within which impacts will be considered. Hence descriptions of the the Government’s Planning Practice Guidance significance of Conservation Areas will make reference to their as “buildings, monuments, sites, places, areas or landscapes identified as having a degree of special interest and character and appearance, and the significance meriting consideration in planning significance of Listed Buildings will be discussed with reference decisions, but which are not formally designated heritage assets9”. to the building, its setting and any features of special

9 DCLG, Planning Practice Guidance, paragraph: 039 (ID: 18a-039-20140306, Revision date: 06 03 2014)

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 7

Additionally, it is of course possible that sites, buildings or areas preserving the character and appearance of a Conservation have no heritage significance. Area, ‘preserving’ means doing ‘no harm’.

Assessment of harm Preservation does not mean no change; it specifically means no harm. GPA 2: Managing Significance states that “Change to Assessment of any harm will be articulated in terms of the policy heritage assets is inevitable but it is only harmful when and law that the proposed development will be assessed against, significance is damaged”. Thus, change is accepted in Historic such as whether a proposed development preserves or enhances England’s guidance as part of the evolution of the landscape and the character or appearance of a Conservation Area, and environment. It is whether such change is neutral, harmful or articulating the scale of any harm in order to inform a balanced beneficial to the significance of an asset that matters. judgement/weighing exercise as required by the NPPF. As part of this, setting may be a key consideration. For an In order to relate to key policy, the following levels of harm may evaluation of any harm to significance through changes to potentially be identified: setting, this assessment follows the methodology given in GPA • Substantial harm or total loss. It has been 3: The Setting of Heritage Assets, described above. Again, clarified in a High Court Judgement of 201310 that this would be harm that would ‘have such fundamental to the methodology set out in this document is a serious impact on the significance of the asset stating ‘what matters and why’. Of particular relevance is the that its significance was either vitiated altogether or very much reduced’; and checklist given on page 13 of GPA 3: The Setting of Heritage Assets. • Less than substantial harm. Harm of a lesser level than that defined above. It should be noted that this key document states that:

It is also possible that development proposals will cause no “setting is not itself a heritage asset, nor a 12 harm or preserve the significance of heritage assets. A High heritage designation”

11 Court Judgement of 2014 is relevant to this . This concluded Hence any impacts are described in terms of how they affect the that with regard to preserving the setting of a Listed building or significance of a heritage asset, and heritage values that

10 EWHC 2847, R DCLG and Nuon UK Ltd v. Bedford Borough Council 12 Historic England, 2017, Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 3 (Second Edition): The Setting of Heritage Assets 11 EWHC 1895, R (Forge Field Society, Barraud and Rees) v. Sevenoaks DC, West Kent Housing Association and Viscount De L’Isle

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 8

contribute to this significance, through changes to setting.

With regards to changes in setting, GPA 3: The Setting of Heritage Assets states that “conserving or enhancing heritage

assets by taking their settings into account need not prevent change”.

Additionally, it is also important to note that, as clarified in the Court of Appeal13, whilst the statutory duty requires that special regard should be paid to the desirability of not harming the

setting of a Listed Building, that cannot mean that any harm,

however minor, would necessarily require planning permission to be refused.

Benefits

Proposed development may also result in benefits to heritage assets, and these are articulated in terms of how they enhance

the heritage values and hence the significance of the assets concerned.

13 Palmer v Herefordshire Council & Anor [2016] EWCA Civ 1061 (4th November 2016)

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 9

Planning Policy Framework

This section of the Report sets out the legislation and planning “Parliament in enacting section 66(1) did intend that the desirability of preserving the policy considerations and guidance contained within both settings of listed buildings should not simply be national and local planning guidance which specifically relate to given careful consideration by the decision- maker for the purpose of deciding whether the application site, with a focus on those policies relating to the there would be some harm, but should be given protection of the historic environment. “considerable importance and weight” when the decision-maker carries out the balancing Legislation exercise.”

Legislation relating to the Built Historic Environment is primarily Judgement in the Court of Appeal15 (‘Mordue’) has clarified that, set out within the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation with regards to the setting of Listed Buildings, where the Areas) Act 1990 which provides statutory protection for Listed principles of the NPPF are applied (in particular paragraph 134 Buildings and Conservation Areas. of the previous draft of the NPPF, the requirements of which are

Section 66(1) of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation now given in paragraph 196 of the revised NPPF, see below), Areas) Act 1990 states that: this is in keeping with the requirements of the 1990 Act.

“In considering whether to grant planning Notwithstanding the statutory presumption set out within the permission [or permission in principle] for Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservations Area) Act 1990, development which affects a listed building or its setting, the local planning authority or, as Section 38(6) of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act the case may be, the Secretary of State, shall 2004 requires that all planning applications are determined in have special regard to the desirability of preserving the building or its setting or any accordance with the Development Plan unless material features of special architectural or historic considerations indicate otherwise. interest which it possesses.”

In the 2014 Court of Appeal judgement in relation to the Barnwell Manor case14, Sullivan LJ held that:

14 East Northamptonshire District Council v SSCLG (2015) EWCA Civ 137 15 Jones v Mordue Anor (2015) EWCA Civ 1243

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 10

National Policy Guidance driven by a search for opportunities to deliver sustainable development, rather than barriers. Conserving historic assets in The National Planning Policy Framework (July 2018) a manner appropriate to their significance forms part of this National policy and guidance is set out in the Government’s drive towards sustainable development. National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) published in July The purpose of the planning system is to contribute to the 2018. This replaced and updated the previous National Planning achievement of sustainable development and the NPPF sets out Policy Framework 2012. The NPPF needs to be read as a whole three ‘objectives’ to facilitate sustainable development: an and is intended to promote the concept of delivering sustainable economic objective, a social objective, and an environmental development. objective. The presumption is key to delivering these objectives, The NPPF sets out the Government’s economic, environmental by creating a positive pro-development framework which is and social planning policies for England. Taken together, these underpinned by the wider economic, environmental and social policies articulate the Government’s vision of sustainable provisions of the NPPF. The presumption is set out in full at development, which should be interpreted and applied locally to paragraph 11 of the NPPF and reads as follows: meet local aspirations. The NPPF continues to recognise that the “Plans and decisions should apply a planning system is plan-led and that therefore Local Plans, presumption in favour of sustainable incorporating Neighbourhood Plans, where relevant, are the development. starting point for the determination of any planning application, For plan-making this means that: including those which relate to the historic environment. a) plans should positively seek The overarching policy change applicable to the proposed opportunities to meet the development development is the presumption in favour of sustainable needs of their area, and be sufficiently flexible to adapt to rapid change; development. This presumption in favour of sustainable development (the ‘presumption’) sets out the tone of the b) strategic policies should, as a minimum, provide for objectively assessed needs Government’s overall stance and operates with and through the for housing and other uses, as well as other policies of the NPPF. Its purpose is to send a strong signal any needs that cannot be met within neighbouring areas, unless: to all those involved in the planning process about the need to plan positively for appropriate new development; so that both i. the application of policies in this Framework that protect areas or plan making and development management are proactive and assets of particular importance

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 11

provides a strong reason for provides a context for paragraph 11 and reads as follows: restricting the overall scale, type or distribution of development in “The policies referred to are those in this the plan area; or Framework (rather than those in development plans) relating to: habitats sites (and those ii. any adverse impacts of doing so sites listed in paragraph 176) and/or would significantly and designated as Sites of Special Scientific demonstrably outweigh the Interest; land designated as Green Belt, Local benefits, when assessed against Green Space, an Area of Outstanding Natural the policies in this Framework Beauty, a National Park (or within the Broads taken as a whole. Authority) or defined as Heritage Coast; irreplaceable habitats; designated heritage For decision-taking this means: assets (and other heritage assets of archaeological interest referred to in footnote c) approving development proposals that 63); and areas at risk of flooding or coastal accord with an up-to-date development change.” (our emphasis) plan without delay; or The NPPF continues to recognise that the planning system is d) where there are no relevant plan-led and that therefore, Local Plans, incorporating development plan policies, or the policies which are most important for Neighbourhood Plans, where relevant, are the starting point for determining the application are out-of- the determination of any planning application. date, granting permission unless: Heritage Assets are defined in Annex 2 of the NPPF as: i. the application policies in this Framework that protect areas or “A building, monument, site, place, area or assets of particular importance landscape identified as having a degree of provides a clear reason for significance meriting consideration in planning refusing the development decisions, because of its heritage interest. It proposed; or includes designated heritage assets and assets identified by the Local Planning Authority ii. any adverse impacts of doing so (including Local Listing)” would significantly and demonstrably outweigh the The NPPF goes on to define a Designated Heritage Asset as a: benefits, when assessed against the policies in this Framework “World Heritage Site, Scheduled Monument, taken as a whole.” Listed Building, Protected Wreck Site, Registered Park and Garden, Registered However, it is important to note that footnote 6 of the NPPF applies in relation to the final bullet of paragraph 11. This

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 12

Battlefield or Conservation Area designated a) the desirability of sustaining and under relevant legislation16” (our emphasis) enhancing the significance of heritage assets and putting them to viable uses As set out above, significance is also defined as: consistent with their conservation;

“The value of a heritage asset to this and future b) the positive contribution that generations because of its heritage interest. conservation of heritage assets can The interest may be archaeological, make to sustainable communities architectural, artistic or historic. Significance including their economic vitality; and derives not only from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its setting. For c) the desirability of new development World Heritage Sites, the cultural value making a positive contribution to local described within each site’s Statement of character and distinctiveness” Outstanding Universal Value forms part of its significance17” With regard to the impact of proposals on the significance of a heritage asset, paragraphs 193 and 194 are relevant and read Section 16 of the NPPF relates to ‘Conserving and enhancing the as follows: historic environment’ and states at paragraph 190 that: “When considering the impact of a proposed “Local planning authorities should identify and development on the significance of a assess the particular significance of any designated heritage asset, great weight should heritage asset that may be affected by a be given to the asset’s conservation (and the proposal (including by development affecting more important the asset, the greater the the setting of a heritage asset) taking account weight should be). This is irrespective of of the available evidence and any necessary whether any potential harm amounts to expertise. They should take this into account substantial harm, total loss or less than when considering the impact of a proposal on a substantial harm to its significance. heritage asset, to avoid or minimise any conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and Any harm to, or loss of, the significance of a any aspect of the proposal” designated heritage asset (from its alteration or destruction, or from development within its Paragraph 192 goes on to state that: setting), should require clear and convincing justification. Substantial harm to or loss of: “In determining planning applications, local planning authorities should take account of:

16 NPPF Annex 2, DCLG, 2018 17 IBID

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 13

a) grade II listed buildings, or grade II through appropriate marketing that will registered parks or gardens, should be enable its conservation; and exceptional; c) conservation by grant-funding or some b) assets of the highest significance, form of not for profit, charitable or notably scheduled monuments, public ownership is demonstrably not protected wreck sites, registered possible; and battlefields, grade I and II* listed buildings, grade I and II* registered d) the harm or loss is outweighed by the parks and gardens, and World Heritage benefit of bringing the site back into Sites, should be wholly exceptional” use”

Section b) of the above describing assets of the highest Paragraph 196 goes on to state: significance also includes footnote 63 of the NPPF, which states “Where a development proposal will lead to that non-designated heritage assets of archaeological interest less than substantial harm to the significance of which are demonstrably of equivalent significance to scheduled a designated heritage asset, this harm should be weighed against the public benefits of the monuments, should be considered subject to the policies for proposal including, where appropriate, designated heritage assets. securing its optimum viable use”

In the context of the above, it should be noted that paragraph With regards to non-designated heritage assets, paragraph 197 195 reads as follows: of NPPF states that:

“Where a proposed development will lead to “The effect of an application on the significance substantial harm to (or total loss of significance of a non-designated heritage asset should be of) a designated heritage asset, local planning taken into account in determining the authorities should refuse consent, unless it can application. In weighing applications that be demonstrated that the substantial harm or directly or indirectly affect non-designated total loss is necessary to achieve substantial heritage assets, a balanced judgement will be public benefits that outweigh that harm or loss, required having regard to the scale of any harm or all of the following apply: or loss and the significance of the heritage asset.” a) the nature of the heritage asset prevents all reasonable uses of the site; Non-designated assets of archaeological interest which are and demonstrably of equivalent significance to a scheduled monument will be subject to the policies for designated heritage b) no viable use of the heritage asset itself can be found in the medium term assets.

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 14

Overall, the NPPF confirms that the primary objective of “Heritage assets may be affected by direct physical change or by change in their setting. development management is to foster the delivery of Being able to properly assess the nature, extent sustainable development, not to hinder or prevent it. Local and importance of the significance of a heritage asset, and the contribution of its setting, is very Authorities should approach development management important to understanding the potential decisions positively, looking for solutions rather than problems impact and acceptability of development 18 so that applications can be approved wherever it is practical to proposals ”

do so. Additionally, securing the optimum viable use of sites and In terms of assessment of substantial harm, the PPG confirms achieving public benefits are also key material considerations for that whether a proposal causes substantial harm will be a application proposals. judgement for the individual decision taker having regard to the

National Planning Guidance individual circumstances and the policy set out within the NPPF. It goes on to state: The Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) launched the planning practice web based resource in March “In general terms, substantial harm is a high test, so it may not arise in many cases. For 2014, accompanied by a ministerial statement which confirmed example, in determining whether works to a that a number of previous planning practice guidance listed building constitute substantial harm, an important consideration would be whether the documents were cancelled. adverse impact seriously affects a key element of its special architectural or historic interest. This also introduced the national Planning Practice Guidance It is the degree of harm to the asset’s (PPG) which comprised a full and consolidated review of significance rather than the scale of the development that is to be assessed. The harm planning practice guidance documents to be read alongside the may arise from works to the asset or from 19 NPPF. development within its setting .

The PPG has a discrete section on the subject of ‘Conserving and While the impact of total destruction is obvious, partial destruction is likely to have a enhancing the historic environment’ which confirms that the considerable impact but, depending on the consideration of ‘significance’ in decision taking is important and circumstances, it may still be less than substantial harm or conceivably not harmful at states: all, for example, when removing later inappropriate additions to historic buildings which harm their significance. Similarly, works

18 PPG, paragraph 009 (ID: 18a-009/20140306 revision date 06.03.2014) 19 PPG, paragraph 017 (ID: 18a-017-20140306 revision date 06.03.2014)

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 15

that are moderate or minor in scale are likely to h) layout – the way in which buildings and cause less than substantial harm or no harm at spaces relate to each other all. However, even minor works have the potential to cause substantial harm” (our i) form – the shape of buildings emphasis) j) scale – the size of buildings With regard to design, the PPG states at paragraph 02 that: k) detailing – the important smaller “Good design should: elements of buildings and spaces.”21

e) ensure that development can deliver a Local Planning Policy wide range of planning objectives Planning applications within Harling are currently considered f) enhance the quality of buildings and spaces, by considering amongst other against the policy and guidance set out within the Adopted Core things form and function; efficiency and Strategy and Development Control Policies Development Plan effectiveness and their impact on well 22 being Document (adopted December 2009).

g) address the need for different uses Policy DC 17 – Historic Environment sympathetically20.” Any development that will affect a Listed Building or a Conservation Area will be subject Paragraph 23 goes on to explain how to consider buildings and to comprehensive assessment. New the spaces between them and reads as follows: development will be expected to preserve and enhance the character, appearance and setting “Plans, policies and decisions can effectively of Conservation Areas, Scheduled Monuments, manage physical form at a variety of scales. Historic Parks and Gardens and other areas of This is how planning can help achieve good historic interest. Where a proposed design and connected objectives. Where development will affect the character or setting appropriate the following should be of a Listed Building, particular regard will need considered: to be given to the protection, preservation and enhancement of any features of historic or architectural interest.

20 PPG, paragraph 02 (ID: 26-002-20140306 revision date 06.03.2014) 22 Breckland District Council, 2009. Adopted Core Strategy and Development

21 Control Policies Development Plan Document. PPG, paragraph 23 (ID: 26/023/20140306 revision date 06.03.2014) https://www.breckland.gov.uk/media/1574/Core-Strat-Final-20-03- 2012/pdf/Core_Strat_Final_20_03_2012.pdf

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 16

The conversion of buildings of particular Local Plan Policies with regards to the NPPF and the 1990 Act. architectural or historic merit for economic or residential purposes in locations that would With regard to Local Plan policies, paragraph 213 of NPPF states otherwise be unacceptable will be considered that: where this would ensure the retention of the building. Proposals will be considered against relevant guidance including national policy “existing policies should not be considered out- advice (currently PPS7 & PPG15) and specialist of-date simply because they were adopted or publications such as ‘Enabling Development made prior to the publication of this and the Conservation of Significant Places’ Framework. Due weight should be given to produced by English Heritage. them, according to their degree of consistency with this Framework (the closer the policies in the plan to the policies in the Framework, the Sites of archaeological interest and their greater the weight that may be given).” settings will be protected, enhanced and preserved; development which has an unacceptable impact upon a site of In this context, where local plan policy was adopted well before archaeological interest will not be permitted. the NPPF, and does not allow for the weighing of harm against Where it is considered appropriate in cases where development coincides with the location public benefit for designated heritage assets (as set out within of a known or suspected archaeological interest paragraph 196 of the NPPF) then local planning policies would an archaeological field evaluation will be required. Where the benefits of a particular be considered to be overly restrictive compared to the NPPF, development are considered to outweigh the thus limiting the weight they may be given in the decision- importance of retaining archaeological remains in situ satisfactory excavation and recording of making process. remains will be required before development is begun. In this case, although policy DC 17 is of relevance, it was adopted prior to the inception of the NPPF, and as so the weight Replacement of dwellings which can be attributed to it will be determined by its In the case of traditional dwellings which consistency with the policy guidance set out within the NPPF. positively contribute to the character of Since the above policy does not allow for a balanced judgement Breckland, replacement will only be acceptable where the application is accompanied by a to be undertaken by the decision maker for designated heritage Design and Access Statement which includes a assets, the policy is not considered to reflect the guidance within structural survey that demonstrates that the demolition is necessary and that there is no the NPPF and therefore considered to be out of date. Thus, the alternative and viable solution of renovation to weight which can be attached to it in the decision-making provide an acceptable standard of accommodation. process is limited.

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 17

Emerging Policy or structure within the curtilage of a listed building that predates 1st July 1948. Breckland District Council is currently preparing a new Local The conversion of buildings of particular Plan. A pre-submission publication draft23 was produced in architectural or historic interest for economic August 2017 which contained the relevant policies: or residential purposes in locations that would otherwise be unacceptable will be considered Policy ENV07 – Designated Heritage Assets where this would ensure the retention and ongoing conservation of the building. Proposals The significance of designated heritage assets, will be considered having regard to national including nationally protected listed buildings policy and relevant guidance. and their settings, scheduled monuments, archaeological sites, registered parks and Where it is considered appropriate in cases gardens, conservation areas and their settings, where development coincides with the location will be conserved and enhanced and given the of a known or suspected archaeological highest level of protection. Proposals that interest, an archaeological field evaluation will would affect the significance of a designated be required. Where appropriate, archaeological heritage asset will be required to provide remains can be left in situ following further sufficient information to enable any impact to design/engineering work. If the benefits of a be assessed. particular development are considered to out weigh the importance of retaining Development that will affect any designated archaeological remains in situ satisfactory heritage asset will be subject to comprehensive excavation and recording of remains will be assessment and will be expected to conserve required before development is begun. and, wherever possible, enhance the character, appearance and setting of Conservation Areas, Scheduled Monuments, Historic Parks and Gardens and other designated areas of historic Policy ENV08 – Non-Designated Heritage interest. Where a proposed development will Assets affect the character or setting of a Listed Building, particular regard will need to be given Development will be expected to conserve and to the protection, conservation and potential wherever possible enhance the character, enhancement of any features of historic or appearance and setting of non-designated architectural interest; this includes internal historic assets. Proposals that could affect features, floor plans and spaces or any object previously unrecognised heritage assets will be expected, through agreement with the Council, to undergo an appropriate assessment in line

23 Breckland District Council, 2017. Breckland Local Plan Pre-Submission Publication-Part-2/pdf/Breckland_Local_Plan_Pre- Publication. https://www.breckland.gov.uk/media/4487/Pre-Submission- Submission_Publication_Part2.pdf

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 18

with the significance of the asset. The assessment must provide sufficient information for any impact to be assessed.

The conversion of non-designated buildings of particular architectural or historic merit for economic or residential purposes in locations that would otherwise be unacceptable will be considered where this would ensure the retention of the building. Proposals will be considered having regard to relevant national policy and relevant guidance.

In the case of traditional dwellings which positively contribute to the character of Breckland, applications for replacement will be expected to be accompanied by a Design and Access Statement which includes a structural survey that demonstrates that the demolition is necessary and that there is no alternative and viable solution of renovation to provide an acceptable standard of accommodation.

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 19

The Historic Environment

This section provides a review of the recorded heritage resource • Nos 11 and 12 The Crescent (NHLE ref. 1077407); within the site and its vicinity in order to identify any extant heritage assets within the site and to assess the potential for • Nos 13 and 14 The Crescent (NHLE ref. below-ground archaeological remains. Designated heritage 1077408); and

assets and HER records are illustrated on Figures 1-2. • Nos 15 and 16 The Crescent (NHLE ref. Designated heritage assets are referenced using their seven- 1248324).

digit NHLE number, HER ‘event’ numbers have the prefix ENF The Grade II Listed Old World Cottage and attached cottage to and HER ‘monument’ numbers have the prefix MNF. A gazetteer south lies c. 85m north of the site (NHLE ref. 1168582). The of heritage data is included as Appendix 1. Grade II Listed Windmill lies c. 430m north-east of the site

Designated Heritage Assets (NHLE ref. 1077453).

No designated heritage assets lie within the site. Harling Conservation Area lies c. 355m north of the site. The Conservation Area includes 15 Listed buildings; one of which is A group of eight Grade II Listed buildings lie c. 40-85m north of Grade I Listed, and the remainder are Grade II Listed buildings. the site at and are all referred to on the National Heritage List for England as ‘The Crescent’. The Listed buildings along The Designated heritage assets in the vicinity of the site are Crescent comprise the following: considered in further detail in the Setting Assessment section below. • Nos 1 and 2 The Crescent (NHLE ref. 1277981); Previous Archaeological Works • Nos 3 and 4 The Crescent (NHLE ref. 1077404); No previous archaeological works have been recorded within the • Nos 5 and 6 The Crescent (NHLE ref. 1077405); site. Previous archaeological works in the wider vicinity of the • Nos 7 and 8 The Crescent (NHLE ref. 1077406); site comprise the following:

• Nos 9 and 10 The Crescent (NHLE ref. • Geophysical survey at land off Kenninghall 1248321); Road c. 400m north of the site in 2011 (HER ref. ENF 126584). Anomalies relating to medieval

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 20

ridge and furrow were recorded; Prehistoric (pre-2500 BC)

• Archaeological trial trench evaluation at Market Numerous findspots were recorded in the study area of general Street c. 585m north-west of the site in 2002 prehistoric date, indicating activity over the wider area. These (HER ref. ENF 137534). Medieval ditches, pits and the remains of a floor were recorded; comprise the following:

• Watching brief at St Peter and St Paul’s Church • A single flint flake recorded in the spoil from a c. 895m north-west of the site in 2011 and 2013 pipe trench c. 85m north of the site (HER ref. (HER ref. ENF 125323, 131079). A previously MNF 18269); excavated trench was recorded and a charnel pit of unknown date was also recorded; and • Two flint flakes recorded c. 485m south of the site on the surface of a field (HER ref. MNF • A watching brief at Waterways Farm c. 1km 45904); north-west of the site in 2008 (HER ref. ENF 120496). No archaeological finds or features • A flint flake recorded c. 580m north-west of the were recorded. site (HER ref. MNF 41030, ENF 137534);

Topography, geology and the palaeoenvironment • Four flints recorded during fieldwalking c. 665m west of the site (HER ref. MNF 20040); The topography of the site lies slopes gradually from • A single burnt flint recorded on the surface of a approximately 25m aOD in the northern area of the site to ploughed field c. 670m north-east of the site approximately 30m aOD in the southern area of the site. The (HER ref. MNF 18461); land to the south-east of the site continues gradually sloping • A worked flint recorded during fieldwalking c. upwards to approximately 50m aOD. 890m east of the site (HER ref. MNF 44135);

24 The solid geology of the site is mapped as Lewes Nodular • A spread of burnt flint recorded c. 895m north- Chalk, Seaford Chalk, Newhaven Chalk, Culver Chalk and west of the site on the surface of a ploughed field (HER ref. MNF 15842); Portsdown Chalk Formations formed between 93.9 and 72.1 million years ago during the Cretaceous period. No superficial • A flint core recorded during river dredging c. 945m north-west of the site (HER ref. MNF deposits have been mapped within the site. 15656);

24 British Geological Survey, 2018. Geology of Britain Viewer. http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain3d/index.html?

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 21

• Various sherds of pottery recorded during Bronze Age (c. 2500 BC – c. 700 BC) fieldwalking c. 950m east of the site (HER ref. MNF 20039); Cropmarks of a ring ditch of potential Bronze Age or Iron Age origin were recorded c. 835m north-east of the site by aerial • Pot boilers recorded c. 970m north of the site during fieldwalking and metal detecting (HER photography (HER ref. MNF 58722). The ring ditch measures ref. MNF 28355); and approximately 11m in diameter and may contain a slight mound,

• A spread of burnt flakes and three struck flints indicating that it may have had a funerary function as a round recorded c. 995m north-west of the site on the barrow. However, a domestic function for the ring ditch may also surface of a ploughed field (HER ref. MNF 15841). be possible, indicating the remains of a roundhouse or agricultural structure. Neolithic (c. 4000 BC – c. 2500 BC) A number of findspots of Bronze Age date were recorded in the Several findspots were recorded in the study area of Neolithic study area. These comprised the following: date which comprised the following: • Five Neolithic to Bronze Age worked flints • A polished flint axehead recorded c. 230m recorded on the surface of a ploughed field c. south-west of the site (HER ref. MNF 6024). The 670m north-east of the site (HER ref. MNF exact nature of the discovery of this artefact is 18461); unknown; • A complete Beaker pottery vessel recorded in a • Two worked flint scrapers recorded on the gravel pit c. 665m north-west of the site (HER surface of a field c. 385m east of the site (HER ref. MNF 6023); ref. MNF 45905); • A Beaker or Bronze Age green flint dagger or • Five Neolithic to Bronze Age worked flints axe fragment recorded c. 710m north-west of recorded on the surface of a ploughed field c. the site whilst clearing the playing field of 670m north-east of the site (HER ref. MNF stones (HER ref. MNF 13817); 18461); • A Bronze Age copper alloy axehead recorded • Worked flint recorded c. 970m north of the site during metal detecting c. 180m west of the site during fieldwalking and metal detecting (HER (HER ref. MNF 19569); and ref. MNF 28355); and • The hilt of a Bronze Age dirk recorded on the • Worked flints including a scraper and a surface of a ploughed field c. 820m south-east fabricator recorded c. 980m south-west of the of the site (HER ref. MNF 19508). site during fieldwalking (HER ref. MNF 44198).

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 22

Iron Age (c. 700 BC – AD 43) of the site (HER ref. MNF 6116). This route may have continued in use until the 17th century as the main road between Norwich The findspot of an Iron Age or Roman button and loop fastener and Bury St Edmunds. The modern road is generally quite was recorded during metal detecting within the site (HER ref. straight, but other than this there is sparse evidence to date it MNF 23267). to the Romano-British period. There are no recorded features of Iron Age date within the study No definite Romano-British settlement activity is recorded within area, but several finds. Findspots of this date recorded in the the site but a number of findspots were recorded in the wider wider study area comprised: study area. These comprised the following: • A copper alloy brooch recorded during metal detecting c. 155m west of the site (HER ref. • A copper alloy coin recorded c. 215m north of MNF 15655); the site (HER ref. MNF 38590);

• A single sherd of pottery recorded c. 820m • A harness fitting recorded c. 120m west of the north of the site during fieldwalking (HER ref. site during metal detecting (HER ref. MNF MNF 28936); 19024);

• Several pottery sherds recorded c. 875m north- • Several copper alloy coins recorded c. 720m west of the site from the churchyard (HER ref. west of the site during fieldwalking and metal MNF 6049); and detecting (HER ref. MNF 19699);

• Iron Age pottery sherds recorded c. 970m north • Two brooches and a possible late Roman of the site during fieldwalking and metal bracelet recorded during metal detecting c. detecting (HER ref. MNF 28355). 810m north-west of the site (HER ref. MNF 23268); Romano-British (AD 43 - 410) • A copper alloy harness recorded c. 970m north- As mentioned above, the findspot of an Iron Age or Roman east of the site during fieldwalking and metal detecting (HER ref. MNF 28355); and button and loop fastener was recorded within the site during metal detecting (HER ref. MNF 23267). The findspot of two • Pottery sherds, a copper alloy brooch, a copper alloy flagon and silver coins recorded c. 980m sherds of Romano-British greyware pottery were recorded on south-west of the site during fieldwalking (HER the surface of a field immediately west of the site (HER ref. MNF ref. MNF 44198). 19701).

The route of a possible Roman road at Harling lies c. 115m south

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 23

Early medieval (410 AD – 1066) and late Saxon pottery, medieval metal artefacts and pottery sherds recorded c. 980m The site was historically located in the parish of East Harling and south-west of the site during fieldwalking (HER ref. MNF 44198); is considered to be a part of the agricultural hinterland of this settlement from at least the medieval period. No early medieval • A Middle Saxon pottery sherd and medieval pottery sherds recorded c. 665m west of the or medieval finds or features have been recorded within the site. site (HER ref. MNF 20040); Numerous findspots of Saxon and early medieval date were • A Middle Saxon coin recorded c. 650m north- recorded within the study area. These comprised the following: west of the site (HER ref. MNF 31465); and

• An early Saxon small-long brooch, a Late Saxon • Late Saxon pottery recorded c. 680m north- brooch and medieval pottery sherds and metal west of the site (HER ref. MNF 19833). artefacts recorded c. 720m west of the site recorded during fieldwalking and metal Medieval (1066 – 1539) detecting (HER ref. MNF 19699); Medieval activity was focused to the north and north-west of the • A possible early Saxon bracelet and a copper alloy middle Saxon mount recorded c. 810m site in the historic core of the settlement. The medieval church north-west of the site during metal detecting of St Peter and St Paul’s lies c. 875m north-west of the site (HER (HER ref. MNF 23268); ref. MNF 6049). The church was predominantly constructed • Early and Late Saxon pottery sherds recorded c. during the 14th century, with later additions. The site of Harling 875m north-west of the site from the churchyard (HER ref. MNF 6049); Old Hall, located c. 840m north-west of the site, was constructed in c. 1490 almost certainly on the former of the medieval • An early Saxon copper alloy brooch and Herling’s Manor (HER ref. MNF 6029). Earthworks of a medieval medieval silver coin recorded during river dredging c. 945m north-west of the site (HER moated site containing internal features were recorded, along ref. MNF 15656); with an adjoining enclosure and possible medieval fishponds. • Early to Middle Saxon pottery sherds and The Old Hall was demolished in the 19th century. numerous medieval metal artefacts and pottery sherds recorded c. 970m north of the site At the edge of the medieval historic core, two houses of during fieldwalking and metal detecting (HER medieval were recorded c. 465m north-west of the site (HER ref. ref. MNF 28355); MNF 48281). These two dwellings, initially constructed as three • A copper alloy early Saxon brooch and pottery properties, were constructed with a timber frame and wattle and sherds of this date, a middle Saxon silver coin

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 24

daub with a black pantile roof. • Several coins, a lead token and a lead ampulla recorded c. 110m west of the site (HER ref. MNF Medieval ridge and furrow cultivation was recorded by 29384); geophysical survey c. 400m north of the site (HER ref. MNF • A buckle plate and coins recorded c. 215m 63081, ENF 126584). north of the site (HER ref. MNF 38590);

Trial trench evaluation c. 580m north of the site recorded • An ampulla recorded during metal detecting c. medieval ditches, pits and the floor of a building (HER ref. MNF 310m west of the site (HER ref. MNF 29882);

41030, ENF 137534). The ditches and pits were earlier than the • A horse harness pendant recorded during metal medieval clay floors, which included a hearth. Medieval pottery detecting c. 300m north-west of the site (HER ref. MNF 17778); was recorded during the monitoring of various groundworks c. 610m north of the site (HER ref. MNF 39303). • A horse harness pendant recorded c. 360m north-west of the site (HER ref. MNF 17777); Cropmarks of the site of a potential medieval moat and • A brooch recorded during metal detecting c. enclosures were recorded c. 720m north of the site by aerial 560m north-west of the site (HER ref. MNF photography (HER ref. MNF 13028). This may have been the site 61173); of a medieval hall. The earthworks in this area were later reused • A brooch recorded during metal detecting c. for post-medieval land drainage. 580m north of the site (HER ref. MNF 68631);

Cropmarks of potential medieval to post-medieval field • A lead openwork ventilation panel from a church or monastery window recorded c. 820m boundaries and a trackway were recorded by aerial photography north of the site during metal detecting (HER c. 795m west of the site (HER ref. MNF 640416). ref. MNF 28936) and fieldwalking in the same field recorded six sherds of pottery including A large number of findspots of medieval date were recorded in one rim and one base; the study area, and comprised the following: • A lead token recorded during metal detecting c. 820m west of the site (HER ref. MNF 21058); • A silver coin and a copper alloy spoon recorded within the western extent of the site during • A small quantity of pottery sherds recorded c. metal detecting (HER ref. MNF 23267); 890m east of the site during fieldwalking (HER ref. MNF 44135); • Numerous sherds of pottery recorded in the field immediately west of the site on the surface • A silver coin recorded by metal detecting on a of a field (HER ref. MNF 19701); river bank c. 900m north-west of the site (HER

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 25

ref. MNF 14102); and

• A single sherd of unglazed pottery recorded c. 950m north-east of the site during fieldwalking (HER ref. MNF 20039).

Post-medieval (1540 – 1800) and Modern (1801 – present)

The site is depicted on the East Harling Inclosure Map of 1804 (Plate 4). The site comprised several land parcels under various ownerships and occupancies including Reverend G. Dean, J. Burling and Wright. Some of the site was labelled as Glebe Land, and other land parcels were under the Copyhold of East Harling.

Development along Gariboldisham Road, to the west and north- west of the site was depicted.

Plate 4: Extract from the East Harling Inclosure Map of 1804

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 26

The site is depicted on the East Harling Tithe Map of 1845 (Plate 5). The site comprised part of four arable fields:

• Land parcel 265 (Four Acres) was under the ownership of Charles Reeve, and the occupancy of William Goult;

• Land parcels 266 and 268 (Wrights and Deans) were under the ownership and occupancy of Reverend Thomas Boston Wilkinson; and

• Land parcel 267 (Fifteen Acres) was under the ownership of Glebe and under the occupancy of Reverend Wilkinson.

Plate 5: Extract from the East Harling Tithe Map of 1845

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 27

The site is depicted on the First Edition Ordnance Survey Map of The site is depicted on an aerial photograph of 1946 (Plate 7). 1884 (Plate 6). The site comprised part of three fields, some of The site comprised part of two agricultural fields and included which were illustrated with tree-lined boundaries. two outbuildings adjacent to the western boundary of the site. A dwelling was constructed to the north of the site, although its boundary had not yet been marked. Nos 1-16 The Crescent are depicted to the north of the site (HER ref. MNF 48267).

Plate 6: Extract from the First Edition Ordnance Survey Map of 1884

Plate 7: Extract from aerial photograph RAF/CPE/UK/1801 25th October 1946

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 28

The site is depicted on an aerial photograph of 1975 (Plate 8). No major changes are depicted on the Ordnance Survey Map of The site comprised two agricultural fields, although it appears 1981 (Plate 9). An outbuilding associated with the pig farm was as though different agricultural techniques were utilised in the constructed adjacent to the south of the site. western field. The boundary of the house to the north of the site has been marked on this photograph. Development at the settlement expanded southwards, towards the site and covers the land to the north of Lopham Road.

Plate 9: Extract from the Ordnance Survey Map of 1981

The wider area

Post-medieval and modern activity was predominantly focussed to the north of the site. The settlement expanded further south Plate 8: Extract from aerial photograph OS/75177 6th June 1975

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 29

towards the site during the 20th century. The site of a possible brickworks was recorded c. 775m north- west of the site through parch marks of rectangular features and Old World Cottages lie c. 80m north of the site (HER ref. MNF former revetments to an old watercourse (HER ref. MNF 29504). 13892). These timber-framed, wattle and daub cottages were constructed at the beginning of the 17th century. Cropmarks of potential medieval to post-medieval field boundaries and a trackway were recorded by aerial photography The site of a former steam engine repair shop was recorded c. c. 795m west of the site (HER ref. MNF 640416). 225m north of the site (HER ref. MNF 50500). It was constructed during the late 19th century and demolished in 1989 and replace The site of a former 19th-century signal station was recorded c. by residential development. 845m north-east of the site (HER ref. MNF 13539).

A former brick and tiles works were recorded c. 375m east of The site of a post-medieval dovecote was recorded c. 925m the site on historic Ordnance Survey mapping, although by 1953 north-west of the site (HER ref. MNF 6048). This was given to only a pit and well were recorded on this site (HER ref. MNF the church in 1928 and was demolished in 1964 (HER ref. MNF 15996). 6048).

A tower mill lies c. 430m north-east of the site (HER ref. MNF The site of a former post-medieval saw pit was recorded c. 935m 10822). The mill was first documented in 1820 and was north-west of the site (HER ref. MNF 13894). This area is now renovated in 1975. part of the churchyard, and no sign of this saw pit remains.

Reused limestone was recorded in the 19th-century wall of a The site of a former watermill was recorded c. 940m north-west garden c. 550m north-west of the site (HER ref. MNF 43276). of the site (HER ref. MNF 13816). This was depicted on an 18th- Three modern pits were recorded during the development of century map of the area. By the late 20th century, only a storage residential dwellings c. 610m north of the site (HER ref. MNF building and the sluice gate remained. 39303). Post-medieval pottery and metal artefacts were also Findspots recorded. The findspot of a post-medieval flint knife and silver coins were The site of a former windmill was recorded c. 710m north-west recorded c. 215m north of the site (HER ref. MNF 38590). The of the site (HER ref. MNF 13817). This was noted as ‘almost new’ findspot of a Royal farthing token of James I was recorded by in 1779 and is depicted on Faden’s map of Norfolk in 1797. This metal detecting c. 320m north of the site (HER ref. MNF 30452). area now comprises a recreation field. Metal detecting also recorded the findspot of a post-medieval

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 30

coin and token c. 630m south-west of the site (HER ref. MNF • The Nag’s Head c. 495m north of the site (HER ref. MNF 48288); 33168). • Stepp Cottage c. 520m north of the site (HER Fieldwalking and metal detecting c. 720m west of the site ref. MNF 48285); recorded various artefacts of post-medieval date (HER ref. MNF • 19699). These included metal tokens, coins and buckles. The Duffus Cottage c. 525m north of the site (HER ref. MNF 48271); findspot of a post-medieval silver stud was recorded c. 810m north-west of the site during metal detecting (HER ref. MNF • East Harling School c. 530m north-west of the site (HER ref. MNF 61971); 23268). • Eastern House c. 530m north of the site (HER Fieldwalking and metal detecting c. 970m north of the site prior ref. MNF 21238); to the construction of the golf course recorded numerous • The Old Bull c. 535m north-west of the site findspots of various date (HER ref. MNF 28355). Roof tile and (HER ref. MNF 44556); pottery of post-medieval date was recorded, as well as metal • House and shop south of Swan Inn c. 535m artefacts including a ringer ring, book fitting and thimble. north of the site (HER ref. MNF 48282); Fieldwalking c. 980m south-west of the site recorded a large • Swan Inn c. 555m north of the site (HER ref. amount of post-medieval material comprising numerous metal MNF 48286); finds and pottery sherds (HER ref. MNF 44198). • 4 and 4a Memorial Green c. 620m north-west of the site (HER ref. MNF 44555); Numerous buildings and structures were recorded to the north-

west of the site in the historic core of the settlement. These • Crossways and Tillywhim c. 635m north of the comprise the following: site (HER ref. MNF 48270);

• Market Stores c. 485m north of the site (HER • Former Friend’s Meeting House c. 685m north- ref. MNF 48274); west of the site (HER ref. MNF 64121);

• Site of Harling Workhouse c. 485m north-west • Annadale House c. 700m north-west of the site of the site (HER ref. MNF 43277); (HER ref. MNF 48269);

• Two houses at south east corner of Market • Eastfield House c.825m north-west of the site Place c. 495m north of the site (HER ref. MNF (HER ref. MNF 48272). 48268);

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 31

A German field gun, dating to 1909, was recorded c. 345m north There is some evidence for Romano-British activity in the study during the digging of foundations for an extension (HER ref. MNF area, including the Iron Age or Roman find within the site and 28914). The gun is presumed to have been a war trophy given two sherds of Romano-British greyware pottery recorded on the to the settlement in 1919 and was buried at the outbreak of surface of a field immediately west of the site. The route of a World War II. possible Roman road at Harling lies c. 115m south of the site. The potential for significant archaeological remains of Romano- A World War II pillbox was recorded c. 930m north-west of the British date is considered to be low to moderate. site (HER ref. MNF 32708). The structure was constructed out of two layers of sandbags held together by steel rod with the gaps There is a large amount of evidence for Saxon activity in the infilled by concrete. The sandbags have since disintegrated, but study area, comprising numerous findspots recorded during the concrete and metal remain. fieldwalking and metal detecting, but no finds from within the site. Therefore, the potential for significant archaeological Undated remains of Saxon date is considered to be low. Medieval activity During a watching brief c. 910m north-west of the site, a was focused to the north-west of the site, in the historic core of potential charnel pit was recorded which contained a number of the settlement although there is a large amount of material of long bones, considered to be the re-interned remains of this date recorded from the remainder of the study area, previously disturbed graves (HER ref. MNF 62829, ENF 125323). including the findspot of a medieval silver coin and a copper alloy Statement of Significance spoon recorded within the western extent of the site. Sherds of medieval pottery were recorded on the surface of the field There is a large amount of prehistoric activity recorded in the immediately west of the site. The potential for remains of study area, with the findspot of an Iron Age or Roman button archaeological significance of medieval date is considered to be and loop fastener recorded within the site during metal low. detecting. Cropmarks of a ring ditch of potential Bronze Age or Iron Age origin were recorded c. 835m north-east of the site by Numerous buildings were constructed in the vicinity of the site aerial photography, and numerous findspots of prehistoric date during the post-medieval to modern landscape. The land within were recorded in the area. Therefore, the potential for significant the site was utilised as arable land from at least the mid-19th archaeological remains of prehistoric date within the site is century, and the site has continued in this use. The potential for considered to be low to moderate. significant archaeological remains of post-medieval to modern date is considered to be low.

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 32

Setting Assessment

Step 1 of the methodology recommended by the Historic functional relationships and the nature of the development England guidance GPA 3: The Setting of Heritage Assets (see proposals which will form an extension of existing built Methodology above) is to identify which heritage assets might comprise: be affected by a proposed development. • The Grade II Listed Old World Cottages c. 330m north-west of the site (NHLE ref. 1168582); Development proposals may adversely impact heritage assets where they remove a feature which contributes to the • The Grade II Listed Windmill c. 435m north- significance of a heritage asset or where they interfere with an east of the site (NHLE ref. 1077453);

element of a heritage asset’s setting which contributes to its • Harling Conservation Area c. 485m north-west significance, such as interrupting a key relationship or a of the site;

designed view. • The Grade II Listed Range of 2 Houses 40 metres south-east of centre of Nags Head c. Consideration was made as to whether any of the heritage 635m north-west of the site (NHLE ref. assets present within or beyond the 1km study area include the 1077416);

site as part of their setting, and therefore may potentially be • The Grade II Listed 2 Houses at south-east affected by the proposed development. Corner c. 650m north-west of the site (NHLE ref. 1306929); Assets in the vicinity identified for further assessment on the • The Grade II Listed Market Stores c. 650m basis of distance and intervisibility with the site comprise the north-west of the site (NHLE ref. 1342519); eight Grade II Listed buildings along The Crescent. • The Grade II Listed The Nags Head c. 670m The Grade I Listed Church of St Peter and St Paul has also been north-west of the site (NHLE ref. 1077415); assessed further due to the visibility of the church spire within • The Grade II Listed Stepp Cottage c. 680m the site. north-west of the site (NHLE ref. 1077455);

Other assets within the wider area, excluded on the basis of • The Grade II Listed Duffus Cottage c. 680m north-west of the site (NHLE ref. 1168594); distance, and/or absence of intervisibility, absence of historical

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 33

• The Grade II Listed House 20 metres south- The Crescent east of the Swan Inn c. 700m north-west of the site (NHLE ref. 1077454); Eight Grade II Listed buildings lie to the north of the site on a road called ‘The Crescent’. As Grade II Listed buildings, these • The Grade II Listed Eastern House c. 700m north-west of the site (NHLE ref. 1342518); are designated heritage assets of less than the highest significance. • The Grade II Listed Range south of Swan Inn including Parkinson’s Stores c. 710m north- The Crescent comprises the following Grade II Listed buildings: west of the site (NHLE ref. 1077414); • Nos 1 and 2 The Crescent c. 40m north of the • The Grade II Listed Swan Inn c. 725m north- site (NHLE ref. 1277981); west of the site (NHLE ref. 1342538); • Nos 3 and 4 The Crescent c. 40m north of the • The Grade II Listed Crossyways and Tillywhim site (NHLE ref. 1077404); c. 795m north-west of the site (NHLE ref. 1342539); • Nos 5 and 6 The Crescent c. 70m north of the site (NHLE ref. 1077405); • The Grade II Listed East Harling War Memorial c. 800m north-west of the site (NHLE ref. • Nos 7 and 8 The Crescent c. 85m north of the 1447714); and site (NHLE ref. 1077406);

• The Grade II Listed Annadale House c. 900m • Nos 9 and 10 The Crescent c. 85m north of the north-west of the site (NHLE ref. 1342517). site (NHLE ref. 1248321);

• Nos 11 and 12 The Crescent c. 60m north of the site (NHLE ref. 1077407);

• Nos 13 and 14 The Crescent c. 35m north of the site (NHLE ref. 1077408); and

• Nos 15 and 16 The Crescent c. 35m north of the site (NHLE ref. 1248324).

The buildings were all constructed in 1919-20 as pairs of semi- detached Local Authority Houses designed by George Skipper, a leading Norwich based architect of the late Victorian and Edwardian period. The houses were designed for Norfolk County

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 34

Council as part of an experiment into cheaper house building There are views from the majority of the western parcel of the techniques. All of the single-storey-plus-attic dwellings were site towards the Grade II Listed buildings along The Crescent, constructed out of rendered clay-lump with pantile roofs and a particularly numbers 1-4 and 13-16 which front Lopham Road central brick ridge stack (Plate 10). (Plate 10, Plate 11), and reciprocal views are anticipated.

Plate 10: View north from within the site towards Nos 13-16 The Plate 11: View north from within the western portion of the site towards Crescent The Crescent

The dwellings are located in a crescent off Lopham Road to the At the time of the tithe apportionment register, the land on north of the site. Nos 5-12 are set back from the road behind an which the buildings along The Crescent was constructed was area of open green space. Each house is situated within its own under the ownership of John Lemmon, and the occupancy of associated garden plot. The current surrounds of the assets James Cowles. As stated above, the land within the site was comprise open space within the curve of The Crescent; under different ownerships and occupancies. There is no residential development to the north, east and west, and open evidence to suggest a later functional association with the space; and the land within the site to the south. houses and the site.

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 35

The Crescent is the only example of George Skipper’s work in 13-16 that face south onto Lopham Road. Harling, although there are other noteworthy examples in The site is located to the south of the Listed buildings at The Norwich and Cromer including the Royal Arcade. At Blo Norton, Crescent and is considered to make a very minor contribution to a settlement located c. 6 miles south-east of Harling, similar the heritage significance of the assets as part of their rural but examples of semi-detached council houses were constructed in not functionally associated setting with which they have some 1922. These eight dwellings were also arranged in a crescent intervisibility. form set back from the road. The proposed development within the site will be set back from The Grade II Listed buildings of The Crescent principally derive Lopham Road and the buildings of The Crescent by a band of their significance from the evidential value of their historic open green space which follows the road, and a circle of amenity fabric, which resulted from the experimentation with cheaper space, which is similar in form to that contained by The building materials, and their illustrative value as an example of Crescent. This will provide an appropriate treatment of their purpose-built early 20th-century council houses. The dwellings setting, with the setting of those facing on to Lopham Road also have aesthetic value as a result of their conscious design changing to a broadly similar situation to those Listed buildings intent, and historic associative value by their connection with set back further to the north on the Crescent, facing onto public George Skipper the architect. open space behind some planting. As well as this, the heritage assets also derive a small element The development of the site will result in the alteration of the of their significance from their setting. The main elements of character of the land within the site from agricultural to their setting which contribute to their significance are each residential. There is no historical functional relationship between other; their gardens and drives; the road upon which they were the land within the site and the Listed buildings of The Crescent. constructed, The Crescent; and the functionally associated open space accommodated in the curve of the road. The change to the wider rural setting of the assets will result in very minor harm to the significance of the Grade II Listed The dwellings also derive a very small amount of their buildings of The Crescent, which is clearly less than substantial. significance through their rural setting, on the edge of the settlement. However, it should be noted that no functional association with this land has been identified. The houses have some intervisibility with this area, particularly numbers 1-4 and

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 36

Church of St Peter and St Paul The church is located within an associated churchyard which surrounds the asset. The current surrounds of the church The Grade I Listed Church of St Peter and St Paul lies c. 890m comprise agricultural land to the north; residential development north-west of the site (NHLE ref. 1077452). The church is to the east and west; and the recreation club and sports and located in the north-western extent of the Harling Conservation social club beyond Church Road to the south. Area. As a Grade I Listed building, this is a designated heritage asset of the highest significance. There are distant views towards the church spire from within the site (Plate 13). There are no clear views from adjacent to the The church was constructed in c. AD 1300 with additions church in the associated churchyard towards the site (Plate 14). constructed up until c. AD 1450, and restorations in 1878-9. The church was constructed out of flint with ashlar dressings and a lead roof (Plate 12). The tower was constructed in during the 14th century and comprises three stages and angled buttresses. The lead spire was added to the tower in the mid-15th century.

Plate 13: Distant view north-west from within the site towards the church spire (distant views of the spire seen in association with existing buildings and vegetation)

Plate 12: View north-west towards the Grade I Listed Church of St Peter and St Paul

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 37

The church is better appreciated from elsewhere in the landscape, including views towards the church from the nearby Church Road, and views from West Harling Road (Plate 15).

Plate 14: View south-east from the churchyard adjacent to the church in the direction of the site (no visibility)

Plate 15: View north-west from West Harling Road towards the site cross the recreation ground

The church was part of an area of Glebe and was under the occupancy of Reverend Thomas Boston Wilkinson. Similarly land parcel 267 was also Glebe land under the ownership of Reverend Wilkinson, and parcels 266 and 268 were under the ownership and occupancy of the Reverend. Therefore there was a very minor historical functional relationship between the land within the site and the church, although this has since been severed. This is not appreciable or intelligible from the site or its

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 38

surrounds.

The Church of St Peter and St Paul principally derives its significance from the evidential value of its historic fabric, and

its illustrative example of a church which originated during the medieval period. The presence of the church as a local landmark also contributes to its aesthetic and illustrative value. Views towards the church from within the site are not considered to be

key views and do not contribute to its significance.

The proposed development within the site would extend existing built form at Harling to the south. There are no clear ground-

level views from adjacent to the church towards the site. Views north-west towards the Church of St Peter and St Paul from

within the site are not considered to be key views. There was a minor historical functional relationship between the land within the site and the church, although this has since been severed

and is not intelligible from the site or the church. The site is not

considered to contribute to the heritage significance of the church. The proposed development within the site would result in no harm to the significance of the Grade I Listed Church of St

Peter and St Paul, through changes in setting.

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 39

Conclusions

Archaeological resource the settlement although there is a large amount of material of this date recorded from the remainder of the study area, There is a large amount of prehistoric activity recorded in the including the findspot of a medieval silver coin and a copper alloy study area, with the findspot of an Iron Age or Roman button spoon recorded within the western extent of the site. Sherds of and loop fastener recorded within the site during metal medieval pottery were recorded on the surface of the field detecting. Cropmarks of a ring ditch of potential Bronze Age or immediately west of the site. The potential for remains of Iron Age origin were recorded c. 835m north-east of the site by archaeological significance of medieval date is considered to be aerial photography, and numerous findspots of prehistoric date low. were recorded in the area. Therefore, the potential for significant archaeological remains of prehistoric date within the site is Numerous buildings were constructed in the vicinity of the site considered to be low to moderate. during the post-medieval to modern landscape. The land within the site was utilised as arable land from at least the mid-19th There is some evidence for Romano-British activity in the study century, and the site has continued in this use. The potential for area, including the Iron Age or Roman findspot recorded within significant archaeological remains of post-medieval to modern the site and two sherds of Romano-British greyware pottery date is considered to be low. recorded on the surface of a field immediately west of the site. The route of a possible Roman road at Harling lies c. 115m south Setting of the site. The potential for significant archaeological remains No designated heritage assets are located within the site. of Romano-British date is considered to be low to moderate. The Grade II Listed buildings of The Crescent lie c. 40-85m north There is a large amount of evidence for Saxon activity in the of the site. The proposed development within the site will be set study area, comprising numerous findspots recorded during back from Lopham Road and the buildings of The Crescent by a fieldwalking and metal detecting, but no finds from within the band of open green space which follows the road, and a circle of site. Therefore, the potential for significant archaeological amenity space, which is similar in form to that contained by The remains of Saxon date is considered to be low. Medieval activity Crescent. This will provide an appropriate treatment of their was focused to the north-west of the site, in the historic core of setting, with the setting of those facing on to Lopham Road

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 40

changing to a broadly similar situation to those Listed buildings set back further to the north on the Crescent, facing onto public open space behind some planting. The development of the site will result in the alteration of the character of the land within the site from agricultural to residential. There is no historical functional relationship between the land within the site and the Listed buildings of The Crescent. The change to the wider rural setting of the assets will result in very minor harm to the significance of the Grade II Listed buildings of The Crescent, which is clearly less than substantial.

The Grade I Listed Church of St Peter and St Paul lies c. 895m north-west of the site. The proposed development within the site would result in no harm to the significance of the Grade I Listed Church of St Peter and St Paul, through changes in setting.

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 41

Sources

Cartographic Sources

1804 East Harling Inclosure Map

1845 Tithe Map of East Harling

1884 Ordnance Survey Map (1:2,500)

1887-92 Ordnance Survey Map (1:10,560)

1905 Ordnance Survey Map (1:2,500)

1906 Ordnance Survey Map (1:10,560)

1952-3 Ordnance Survey Map (1:10,560)

1958-9 Ordnance Survey Map (1:10,560)

1981 Ordnance Survey Map (1:2,500)

1983-5 Ordnance Survey Map (1:10,000)

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling 42

Aerial photographic sources:

Sortie number Library number Camera position Frame number Centre point Date Scale 1:

RAF/CPE/UK/1801 499 RP 3157 TL 993 851 25 OCT 1946 9840 RAF/CPE/UK/1801 499 RP 3158 TL 999 852 25 OCT 1946 9840 RAF/541/512 1070 RP 3009 TL 997 861 10 MAY 1970 10000 RAF/541/512 1070 RP 3010 TL 990 860 10 MAY 1970 10000 RAF/541/512 1070 RP 3039 TL 996 855 10 MAY 1970 10000 RAF/58/651 1160 RS 4282 TM 001 857 24 APR 1951 10000 RAF/58/649 1171 RP 3151 TL 995 866 23 APR 1951 10000 RAF/58/649 1171 RP 3152 TM 002 866 23 APR 1951 10000 RAF/58/649 1171 RS 4142 TL 995 846 23 APR 1951 10000 OS/75177 12122 V 135 TL 997 859 06 JUN 1975 7600 OS/75177 12122 V 136 TL 991 859 06 JUN 1975 7600 OS/98085A 15517 V 207 TL 994 855 30 MAY 1998 6800 OS/98085A 15517 V 208 TL 999 854 30 MAY 1998 6800

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling

This page has been left intentionally blank

Appendix 1: Gazetteer of Heritage Data

Heritage Data

HER Event Data

Ev UID Record Type Name Organisation ENF120496 EVT Watching Brief by Chris Birks Archaeological Services at Waterways Farm, East Chris Birks Archaeological Services Harling, Harling, March 2008 ENF125323 EVT Watching Brief by NAU Archaeology at St Peter and St Paul's Church, East NAU Archaeology Harling, April 2010-February 2011 ENF126584 EVS Geophysical Survey (magnetometry) by Northamptonshire Archaeology at land Northamptonshire Archaeology off Kenninghall Road, East Harling, May-June 2011 ENF131079 EVT Watching Brief by Chris Birks Archaeological Services at Church of Saints Peter Chris Birks Archaeological Services and St Paul, East Harling, Harling, 2013 ENF137534 EVT Trial Trench by Norfolk Archaeological Unit at Market Street, East Harling, NAU (Norfolk Archaeological Unit) February 2002

HER Monument Data

Mon UID Record Type Name Period MNF10822 BLD Post-medieval tower mill Post Medieval MNF13816 MON Site of post medieval watermill Post Medieval MNF13892 BLD Old World Cottages Post Medieval MNF13539 MON Site of 19th century signal station Post Medieval MNF14102 FS Medieval Venetian coin Medieval MNF15655 FS Iron Age brooch Iron Age MNF15656 FS Multi-period finds Lower Palaeolithic to Medieval MNF15841 FS Prehistoric flint finds Prehistoric MNF15842 FS Prehistoric burnt flints Prehistoric MNF17777 FS 14th century horse harness pendant Medieval MNF17778 FS 14th century horse harness pendant Medieval

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling

MNF19024 FS Roman harness fitting Roman MNF18269 FS Prehistoric flint flake Prehistoric MNF19508 FS Bronze Age dirk or rapier Bronze Age MNF19569 FS Bronze Age axehead from Glebe Land Bronze Age MNF19833 FS Late Saxon pottery from the garden of White Rose Cottage, White Hart Late Saxon Street MNF21058 FS Medieval lead token Medieval MNF23267 FS Iron Age to Roman and medieval finds Early Iron Age to Roman MNF23268 FS Multi-period finds Roman to Middle Saxon MNF28914 FS World War One field gun from the foundations of The Croft, King Street Modern to Unknown MNF28936 FS Multi-period finds Early Iron Age to Medieval MNF29384 FS Multi-period finds Medieval to Post Medieval MNF29882 FS Medieval ampulla Medieval MNF30452 FS Post medieval Royal farthing token Post Medieval MNF31465 FS Middle Saxon coin of Offa Middle Saxon MNF33168 FS Post medieval coin and token Post Medieval MNF32708 MON Unique World War Two defence post World War Two MNF38590 FS Medieval and post medieval metal objects and coins Roman to Post Medieval MNF43276 FS Medieval reused stone in the wall of Suzak House Garden, School Post Medieval Lane MNF44556 BLD The Old Bull, Market Place Post Medieval MNF45904 FS Prehistoric flint flakes Prehistoric MNF45905 FS Possible Neolithic flint scrapers Neolithic MNF48268 BLD Two houses at south east corner of Market Place Post Medieval to Modern MNF48269 BLD Annadale House Post Medieval to Modern MNF48270 BLD Crossways and Tillywhim Post Medieval to Modern MNF48271 BLD Duffus Cottage Post Medieval to Modern MNF48272 BLD Eastfield House Post Medieval to Modern MNF48274 BLD Market Stores Post Medieval to Modern MNF48281 BLD Two houses south east of Nag's Head Medieval to Modern MNF48282 BLD House and shop south of Swan Inn Post Medieval to Modern MNF48285 BLD Stepp Cottage Post Medieval to Modern MNF48286 BLD Swan Inn Post Medieval to Modern MNF48288 BLD The Nag's Head Post Medieval to Modern

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling

MNF61173 FS Medieval brooch Medieval MNF64121 BLD Former Friends' Meeting House Post Medieval to Modern MNF68631 PAS Medieval MNF6116 MON Possible Roman road at East Harling Roman MNF13817 MON Site of a post medieval windmill and Beaker period or Bronze Age Post Medieval dagger or axe MNF13028 MON Possible medieval moat and enclosures, Harling Medieval to Post Medieval MNF13894 MON Site of a post medieval saw pit Post Medieval MNF15996 MON Site of post medieval brick and tile works northeast of Hill Harling Post Medieval MNF18461 FS Prehistoric worked and burnt flints from Telegraph Hill Prehistoric MNF20039 FS Multi-period pottery from north of Hill Harling Early Neolithic to Medieval MNF20040 FS Multi-period finds Lower Palaeolithic to Medieval MNF19699 FS Roman, Early Saxon and Late Saxon to post-medieval finds Roman to Post Medieval MNF19701 FS Roman and medieval pottery from field south of village Roman to Medieval MNF21238 BLD Eastern House, Market Place Post Medieval MNF28355 FS Concentrations of multi-period finds Prehistoric MNF29504 MON Undated rectangular features and revetment, possible brickworks Post Medieval MNF39303 FS Modern pits and medieval to post-medieval finds Medieval to Modern MNF41030 MON Medieval hearth and floors at Market Street/Memorial Green Lower Palaeolithic to Medieval MNF43277 MON Site of Harling Workhouse Post Medieval MNF44135 FS Prehistoric flints and medieval pottery Lower Palaeolithic to Medieval MNF44198 FS Multi-period finds Lower Palaeolithic to Post Medieval MNF44555 BLD 4 and 4a Memorial Green Post Medieval MNF48267 BLD 1 to 16 The Crescent Modern MNF50500 MON Site of steam engine repair shop in Fox Grove Post Medieval to Cold War MNF58722 MON Cropmarks of a ring ditch of possible Bronze Age or Iron Age date Early Bronze Age to Late Iron Age MNF6023 FS Beaker period vessel from south of the church Beaker MNF6024 FS Neolithic axehead Neolithic MNF6029 MON Site of Harling Old Hall and Herling's Manor Medieval to Post Medieval MNF6048 MON Site of a post medieval dovecot Post Medieval MNF6049 BLD SS Peter and Paul's Church, East Harling Early Iron Age to Post Medieval MNF61971 BLD East Harling School Post Medieval to Cold War MNF62829 MON Possible charnel pit Unknown MNF63081 MON Medieval ridge and furrow Medieval

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling

MNF64016 MON Cropmarks of undated ditches, possible medieval to post medieval Medieval to Post Medieval trackway

AMIE Data

AMIE Event Data

ACT_UID NAME NGR 1211911 HARLING HALL, EAST HARLING 599100:286800 1431544 MARKET STREET, EAST HARLING 599350:286490 1583156 KENNINGHALL ROAD, EAST HARLING 599800:286300 1367952 LAND AT WHITE HART STREET, EAST HARLING 599450:286550 1384550 LAND AT WHITE HART STREET, EAST HARLING 599580:286570 640745 HARLING HALL 599110:286800 1472817 WATERWAYS FARM, CHURCH ROAD, EAST HARLING 599000:286000 1582894 ST. PETER AND ST. PAUL CHURCH, EAST HARLING 598990:286680

AMIE Monument Data

HOB_UID NAME NGR 871757 600850:285850 385576 599200:285300 871777 600350:284950 385546 HARLING HALL 599110:286810 870086 598820:286620 870091 599330:285670 1406225 EAST HARLING 599400:286400 1418366 598950:286650 870094 599440:286580 870090 598730:285500 871759 600060:286080 385542 598870:286300

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling

1044283 599431:285432 385558 599170:286850 870100 599500:286500 870101 CHURCH OF ST PETER AND ST PAUL 598998:286678 870099 598500:285500 385562 599500:286500 517452 EASTERN HOUSE 599500:286500 385577 599500:286500 1494557 599203:286548

Historic England Data

Historic England Listed Buildings

List Entry Name Grade Easting Northing 1077404 THE CRESCENT II 599514 285925.3608 1077405 THE CRESCENT II 599538 285950.3608 1077406 THE CRESCENT II 599568 285960.3608 1077407 THE CRESCENT II 599620 285920.3608 1077408 THE CRESCENT II 599626 285894.3608 1077414 RANGE SOUTH OF SWAN INN INCLUDING PARKINSON'S STORES II 599368 286437.3608 1077415 THE NAGS HEAD II 599375 286397.3608 1077416 RANGE OF 2 HOUSES 40 METRES SOUTH EAST OF CENTRE OF II 599398 286371.3608 NAGS HEAD 1077453 WINDMILL II 600075 286087.3608 1077454 HOUSE 20 METRES SOUTH EAST OF THE SWAN INN II 599392 286439.3608 1077455 STEPP COTTAGE II 599424 286425.3608 1168582 OLD WORLD COTTAGE AND ATTACHED COTTAGE TO SOUTH II 599442 285989.3608 1168594 DUFFUS COTTAGE II 599424 286432.3608 1248321 THE CRESCENT II 599589 285953.3608 1248324 THE CRESCENT II 599637 285892.3608 1277981 THE CRESCENT II 599493 285931.3608 1306929 2 HOUSES AT SOUTH EAST CORNER II 599431 286403.3608

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling

1342517 ANNADALE HOUSE II 599240 286581.3608 1342518 EASTERN HOUSE II 599401 286444.3608 1342519 MARKET STORES II 599412 286393.3608 1342538 SWAN INN II 599366 286457.3608 1342539 CROSSWAYS, TILLYWHIM II 599374 286540.3608 1447714 East Harling War Memorial II 599343.63 286529.2275

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling

Appendix 2: Designation Descriptions

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling

This page has been left intentionally blank 11/19/2018 1 AND 2 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1277981 | Historic England

1 AND 2 THE CRESCENT

Be the first to contribute

Overview

Heritage Category: Listed Building

Grade: II

List Entry Number: 1277981

Date first listed: 25-Nov-1987

Statutory Address: 1 AND 2 THE CRESCENT, OFF LOPHAM ROAD

Map

Ordnance survey map of 1 AND 2 THE CRESCENT © Crown Copyright and database right 2018. All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 100024900. © British Crown and SeaZone Solutions Limited 2018. All rights reserved. Licence number 102006.006. Use of this data is subject to Terms and Conditions (https://www.historicengland.org.uk/terms/website- terms-conditions/).

The above map is for quick reference purposes only and may not be to scale. For a copy of the full scale map, please see the attached PDF - 1277981 .pdf 

The PDF will be generated from our live systems and may take a few minutes to download depending on how busy our servers are. We apologise for this delay.

This copy shows the entry on 19-Nov-2018 at 09:42:32.

Location

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1277981 1/3 11/19/2018 1 AND 2 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1277981 | Historic England

Statutory Address: 1 AND 2 THE CRESCENT, OFF LOPHAM ROAD

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

County: Norfolk

District: Breckland (District Authority)

Parish: Harling

National Grid Reference: TL9949585924

Summary

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Reasons for Designation

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

History

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Details

1. TL 98 NE 1/33A

HARLING THE CRESCENT o LOPHAM ROAD Nos I and 2 GV II

2. Pair of semi-detached Council Houses. 1919-20 designed by George Skipper. Rendered clay- lump with pantile roofs with plain barge boards. Central brick ridge stack. Single storey plus attics. Symmetrical plan. Main front has to right and le single half glazed doors with timber lean-to porches. Beyond are single small glazing bar casements, and between are single 2 light glazing bar casements, above these windows is a continuous wooden drip shelf supported on ornate wooden brackets. Above 2 single small glazing bar casements to the eaves, and between a pair of 2 light glazing bar casements within a single central gable. This

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1277981 2/3 11/19/2018 1 AND 2 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1277981 | Historic England

pair of windows also has a drip shelf supported on similar brackets with weather boarding in the gable above. These houses were designed for Norfolk County Council as part of an experiment in cheap house building techniques.

Listing NGR: TL9949585924

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number: 220633

Legacy System: LBS

Legal

This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.

End of oicial listing

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1277981 3/3 11/19/2018 3 AND 4 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1077404 | Historic England

3 AND 4 THE CRESCENT

Be the first to contribute

Overview

Heritage Category: Listed Building

Grade: II

List Entry Number: 1077404

Date first listed: 25-Nov-1987

Statutory Address: 3 AND 4 THE CRESCENT, OFF LOPHAM ROAD

Map

Ordnance survey map of 3 AND 4 THE CRESCENT © Crown Copyright and database right 2018. All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 100024900. © British Crown and SeaZone Solutions Limited 2018. All rights reserved. Licence number 102006.006. Use of this data is subject to Terms and Conditions (https://www.historicengland.org.uk/terms/website- terms-conditions/).

The above map is for quick reference purposes only and may not be to scale. For a copy of the full scale map, please see the attached PDF - 1077404 .pdf 

The PDF will be generated from our live systems and may take a few minutes to download depending on how busy our servers are. We apologise for this delay.

This copy shows the entry on 19-Nov-2018 at 09:41:43.

Location

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1077404 1/3 11/19/2018 3 AND 4 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1077404 | Historic England

Statutory Address: 3 AND 4 THE CRESCENT, OFF LOPHAM ROAD

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

County: Norfolk

District: Breckland (District Authority)

Parish: Harling

National Grid Reference: TL9951685918

Summary

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Reasons for Designation

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

History

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Details

1. TM 98 NE 1/33B

HARLING THE CRESCENT o LOPHAM ROAD Nos 3 and 4

GV II

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1077404 2/3 11/19/2018 3 AND 4 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1077404 | Historic England

supported on ornate wooden brackets. Above 2 single small glazing bar casements to the eaves, and between a pair of 2 light glazing bar casements within a single central gable. This pair of windows also has a drip shelf supported on similar brackets with weather boarding in the gable above. These houses were designed for Norfolk County Council as part of an experiment in cheap house building techniques.

Listing NGR: TL9951685918

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number: 220634

Legacy System: LBS

Legal

This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.

End of oicial listing

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1077404 3/3 11/19/2018 5 AND 6 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1077405 | Historic England

5 AND 6 THE CRESCENT

Be the first to contribute

Overview

Heritage Category: Listed Building

Grade: II

List Entry Number: 1077405

Date first listed: 25-Nov-1987

Statutory Address: 5 AND 6 THE CRESCENT, OFF LOPHAM ROAD

Map

Ordnance survey map of 5 AND 6 THE CRESCENT © Crown Copyright and database right 2018. All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 100024900. © British Crown and SeaZone Solutions Limited 2018. All rights reserved. Licence number 102006.006. Use of this data is subject to Terms and Conditions (https://www.historicengland.org.uk/terms/website- terms-conditions/).

The above map is for quick reference purposes only and may not be to scale. For a copy of the full scale map, please see the attached PDF - 1077405 .pdf 

The PDF will be generated from our live systems and may take a few minutes to download depending on how busy our servers are. We apologise for this delay.

This copy shows the entry on 19-Nov-2018 at 09:41:45.

Location

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1077405 1/3 11/19/2018 5 AND 6 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1077405 | Historic England

Statutory Address: 5 AND 6 THE CRESCENT, OFF LOPHAM ROAD

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

County: Norfolk

District: Breckland (District Authority)

Parish: Harling

National Grid Reference: TL9953785943

Summary

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Reasons for Designation

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

History

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Details

1. TL 98 NE 1/33C

HARLING THE CRESCENT o Lopham Road Nos 5 and 6 GV II

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1077405 2/3 11/19/2018 5 AND 6 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1077405 | Historic England

Listing NGR: TL9953785943

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number: 220635

Legacy System: LBS

Legal

This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.

End of oicial listing

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1077405 3/3 11/19/2018 7 AND 8 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1077406 | Historic England

7 AND 8 THE CRESCENT

Be the first to contribute

Overview

Heritage Category: Listed Building

Grade: II

List Entry Number: 1077406

Date first listed: 25-Nov-1987

Statutory Address: 7 AND 8 THE CRESCENT, OFF LOPHAM ROAD

Map

Ordnance survey map of 7 AND 8 THE CRESCENT © Crown Copyright and database right 2018. All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 100024900. © British Crown and SeaZone Solutions Limited 2018. All rights reserved. Licence number 102006.006. Use of this data is subject to Terms and Conditions (https://www.historicengland.org.uk/terms/website- terms-conditions/).

The above map is for quick reference purposes only and may not be to scale. For a copy of the full scale map, please see the attached PDF - 1077406 .pdf 

The PDF will be generated from our live systems and may take a few minutes to download depending on how busy our servers are. We apologise for this delay.

This copy shows the entry on 19-Nov-2018 at 09:41:49.

Location

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1077406 1/3 11/19/2018 7 AND 8 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1077406 | Historic England

Statutory Address: 7 AND 8 THE CRESCENT, OFF LOPHAM ROAD

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

County: Norfolk

District: Breckland (District Authority)

Parish: Harling

National Grid Reference: TL9956985952

Summary

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Reasons for Designation

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

History

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Details

1. TL 98 NE 1/33D

HARLING THE CRESCENT o LOPHAM ROAD Nos 7 and 8

GV II

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1077406 2/3 11/19/2018 7 AND 8 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1077406 | Historic England

Listing NGR: TL9956985952

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number: 220636

Legacy System: LBS

Legal

This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.

End of oicial listing

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1077406 3/3 11/19/2018 9 AND 10 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1248321 | Historic England

9 AND 10 THE CRESCENT

Be the first to contribute

Overview

Heritage Category: Listed Building

Grade: II

List Entry Number: 1248321

Date first listed: 25-Nov-1987

Statutory Address: 9 AND 10 THE CRESCENT, OFF LOPHAM ROAD

Map

Ordnance survey map of 9 AND 10 THE CRESCENT © Crown Copyright and database right 2018. All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 100024900. © British Crown and SeaZone Solutions Limited 2018. All rights reserved. Licence number 102006.006. Use of this data is subject to Terms and Conditions (https://www.historicengland.org.uk/terms/website-terms- conditions/).

The above map is for quick reference purposes only and may not be to scale. For a copy of the full scale map, please see the attached PDF - 1248321 .pdf 

The PDF will be generated from our live systems and may take a few minutes to download depending on how busy our servers are. We apologise for this delay.

This copy shows the entry on 19-Nov-2018 at 09:41:54.

Location

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1248321 1/3 11/19/2018 9 AND 10 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1248321 | Historic England

Statutory Address: 9 AND 10 THE CRESCENT, OFF LOPHAM ROAD

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

County: Norfolk

District: Breckland (District Authority)

Parish: Harling

National Grid Reference: TL9959085947

Summary

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Reasons for Designation

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

History

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Details

1. TL 98 NE 1/33E

HARLING THE CRESCENT o LOPHAM ROAD Nos 9 and 10

GV II 2. Pair of semi-detached Council Houses. 1919-20 designed by George Skipper. Rendered clay-lump with pantile roofs with plain barge boards. Central brick ridge stack. Single storey plus attics. Symmetrical plan. Main front has to right and le single half glazed doors with timber lean-to porches. Beyond are single small glazing bar casements, and between are single 2 light glazing bar casements, above these windows is a continuous wooden drip shelf supported on ornate wooden brackets. Above 2 single small glazing bar casements to the eaves, and between a pair of 2 light glazing bar casements within a single central gable. This

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1248321 2/3 11/19/2018 9 AND 10 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1248321 | Historic England

Listing NGR: TL9959085947

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number: 220637

Legacy System: LBS

Legal

This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.

End of oicial listing

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1248321 3/3 11/19/2018 11 AND 12 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1077407 | Historic England

11 AND 12 THE CRESCENT

Be the first to contribute

Overview

Heritage Category: Listed Building

Grade: II

List Entry Number: 1077407

Date first listed: 25-Nov-1987

Statutory Address: 11 AND 12 THE CRESCENT, OFF LOPHAM ROAD

Map

Ordnance survey map of 11 AND 12 THE CRESCENT © Crown Copyright and database right 2018. All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 100024900. © British Crown and SeaZone Solutions Limited 2018. All rights reserved. Licence number 102006.006. Use of this data is subject to Terms and Conditions (https://www.historicengland.org.uk/terms/website-terms- conditions/).

The above map is for quick reference purposes only and may not be to scale. For a copy of the full scale map, please see the attached PDF - 1077407 .pdf 

The PDF will be generated from our live systems and may take a few minutes to download depending on how busy our servers are. We apologise for this delay.

This copy shows the entry on 19-Nov-2018 at 09:41:57.

Location

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1077407 1/3 11/19/2018 11 AND 12 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1077407 | Historic England

Statutory Address: 11 AND 12 THE CRESCENT, OFF LOPHAM ROAD

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

County: Norfolk

District: Breckland (District Authority)

Parish: Harling

National Grid Reference: TL9961285923

Summary

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Reasons for Designation

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

History

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Details

1. TL 98 NE 1/33F

HARLING THE CRESCENT o LOPHAM ROAD Nos 11 and 12

GV II

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1077407 2/3 11/19/2018 11 AND 12 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1077407 | Historic England

Listing NGR: TL9961285923

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number: 220638

Legacy System: LBS

Legal

This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.

End of oicial listing

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1077407 3/3 11/19/2018 13 AND 14 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1077408 | Historic England

13 AND 14 THE CRESCENT

Be the first to contribute

Overview

Heritage Category: Listed Building

Grade: II

List Entry Number: 1077408

Date first listed: 25-Nov-1987

Statutory Address: 13 AND 14 THE CRESCENT, OFF LOPHAM ROAD

Map

Ordnance survey map of 13 AND 14 THE CRESCENT © Crown Copyright and database right 2018. All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 100024900. © British Crown and SeaZone Solutions Limited 2018. All rights reserved. Licence number 102006.006. Use of this data is subject to Terms and Conditions (https://www.historicengland.org.uk/terms/website-terms- conditions/).

The above map is for quick reference purposes only and may not be to scale. For a copy of the full scale map, please see the attached PDF - 1077408 .pdf 

The PDF will be generated from our live systems and may take a few minutes to download depending on how busy our servers are. We apologise for this delay.

This copy shows the entry on 19-Nov-2018 at 09:42:00.

Location

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1077408 1/3 11/19/2018 13 AND 14 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1077408 | Historic England

Statutory Address: 13 AND 14 THE CRESCENT, OFF LOPHAM ROAD

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

County: Norfolk

District: Breckland (District Authority)

Parish: Harling

National Grid Reference: TL9961885890

Summary

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Reasons for Designation

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

History

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Details

1. TL 98 NE 1/33G

HARLING THE CRESCENT o LOPHAM ROAD Nos 13 and 14

GV II

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1077408 2/3 11/19/2018 13 AND 14 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1077408 | Historic England

Listing NGR: TL9961885890

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number: 220639

Legacy System: LBS

Legal

This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.

End of oicial listing

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1077408 3/3 11/19/2018 15 AND 16 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1248324 | Historic England

15 AND 16 THE CRESCENT

Be the first to contribute

Overview

Heritage Category: Listed Building

Grade: II

List Entry Number: 1248324

Date first listed: 25-Nov-1987

Statutory Address: 15 AND 16 THE CRESCENT, OFF LOPHAM ROAD

Map

Ordnance survey map of 15 AND 16 THE CRESCENT © Crown Copyright and database right 2018. All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 100024900. © British Crown and SeaZone Solutions Limited 2018. All rights reserved. Licence number 102006.006. Use of this data is subject to Terms and Conditions (https://www.historicengland.org.uk/terms/website-terms- conditions/).

The above map is for quick reference purposes only and may not be to scale. For a copy of the full scale map, please see the attached PDF - 1248324 .pdf 

The PDF will be generated from our live systems and may take a few minutes to download depending on how busy our servers are. We apologise for this delay.

This copy shows the entry on 19-Nov-2018 at 09:42:03.

Location

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1248324 1/3 11/19/2018 15 AND 16 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1248324 | Historic England

Statutory Address: 15 AND 16 THE CRESCENT, OFF LOPHAM ROAD

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

County: Norfolk

District: Breckland (District Authority)

Parish: Harling

National Grid Reference: TL9963985885

Summary

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Reasons for Designation

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

History

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Details

1. TL 98 NE 1/33H

HARLING THE CRESCENT o LOPHAM ROAD Nos 15 and 16

G.V. II

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1248324 2/3 11/19/2018 15 AND 16 THE CRESCENT, Harling - 1248324 | Historic England

Listing NGR: TL9963985885

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number: 220640

Legacy System: LBS

Legal

This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.

End of oicial listing

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1248324 3/3 11/19/2018 CHURCH OF ST PETER AND ST PAUL, Harling - 1077452 | Historic England

CHURCH OF ST PETER AND ST PAUL

3 contributions

Overview

Heritage Category: Listed Building

Grade: I

List Entry Number: 1077452

Date first listed: 16-Jul-1958

Statutory Address: CHURCH OF ST PETER AND ST PAUL, CHURCH ROAD

Map

Ordnance survey map of CHURCH OF ST PETER AND ST PAUL © Crown Copyright and database right 2018. All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 100024900. © British Crown and SeaZone Solutions Limited 2018. All rights reserved. Licence number 102006.006. Use of this data is subject to Terms and Conditions (https://www.historicengland.org.uk/terms/website-terms-conditions/).

The above map is for quick reference purposes only and may not be to scale. For a copy of the full scale map, please see the attached PDF - 1077452 .pdf 

The PDF will be generated from our live systems and may take a few minutes to download depending on how busy our servers are. We apologise for this delay.

This copy shows the entry on 19-Nov-2018 at 09:42:13.

Location

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1077452 1/5 11/19/2018 CHURCH OF ST PETER AND ST PAUL, Harling - 1077452 | Historic England

Statutory Address: CHURCH OF ST PETER AND ST PAUL, CHURCH ROAD

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

County: Norfolk

District: Breckland (District Authority)

Parish: Harling

National Grid Reference: TL 98994 86682

Summary

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Reasons for Designation

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

History

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Details

TL 9986 HARLING CHURCH ROAD (North Side)

10/31 Church of St. Peter and St. Paul 16/7/58 - I

Parish church. c.1300 with sporadic building programmes to c.l450, restored 1878-9. Flint with ashlar dressings and lead roofs. West tower, nave, aisles and chancel. Tower c.1300 of 3 stages with angle buttresses. Statue niches to western buttresses under trefoil head and crocketted gable. Stair turret to south-east. 2-light arched belfry windows below pierced crenellated parapet of c.1450. Lead spire, also mid C15 supported on 8 flying buttresses each with crocketted finials forming corona. South aisle windows replaced mid C15 by Perpendicular fenestration under 4 centred arches, 2 early C14 fragments surviving : 4-light east and west.

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1077452 2/5 11/19/2018 CHURCH OF ST PETER AND ST PAUL, Harling - 1077452 | Historic England

and 2 3-light in flank. Flat buttresses and mid C15 south porch with diagonal buttresses and tiers of flushwork blind tracery panels to south and east. Arched door below trefoiled statuary niche and gabled roof behind parapet. 2-light side windows. Arched inner door with wave mouldings and fleuron-leaf trail in arch. Clerestory mid C15 of 9 3-light windows under depressed arches with continuous hood mould. Chancel structurally early C14 now with mid C15 windows except C14 2-light west window of a single retriculation unit. Arched Priest's door and 3-light Perpendicular south window under depressed arch. Diagonal eastern buttresses and 5-light east window of 1450-80 with super mullions and 2 crenellated transoms. One 3-light 4-centred window over chancel arch to nave of similar date. North chapel added 1460's necessitating relocation north-east buttress : depressed 3-light window to east with blocked parvis lights above and on north face. Priest's door square headed. Flat buttresses to north aisle and 4 3-light Perpendicular windows, one raised above north door. INTERIOR. 5 bay arcade of quatrefoil piers with rolls between lobes to north, keels to south, on round moulded bases and polygonal plinths. Polygonal capitals and double sunk quadrant arches. Clerestory windows with rere arches and engaged columns on polygonal bases below capitals. Complex moulded tower arch with octagonal responds, chancel arch late C14 as arcades. Hammerbeam roof of 10 trusses dropping on arched braces to wall posts on corbels carved in form of angels. Main and brace spandrels have pierced tracery. 2 tiers butt purlins and ridge piece. Crenellated tie beam over rood. Window over chancel arch shaed. Aisle roofs with wall and arched braces, the latter with pierced tracery spandrels, 3 moulded butt purlins and principals as nave. These roofs mid C15. Tower gallery of early C17 with turned balusters and moulded handrail above heavy C15 bressummer. Octagonal C14 font with tracery panels on stem and quatrefoils on bowl. 2 fragments of rood screen of c.1500 at west end of nave each of 3½ bays, painted and with tracery panels. South nave chapel screen to aisle C15. Central ogeed opening and irregular 3-light bays right and le all with Perpendicular tracery net in heads. Painted dado with ogeed blind tracery. Tierceron coving to east and west with moulded top rail and cusped decoration above. C14 parclose screen divides chapel from nave in 3 square bays each with 3 lights divided by circular muntins below early Perpendicular lozenge tracery heads and crenellated top rail. Fragment of fourth screen now incorporated into front of bench in chapel of cusped ogee lights and further decoration. Chancel roof scissor braced 1878. East window glass is complete of 1480 : 20 panels below head depict Annunciation to Pentecost cycle and figures of Sir William Chamberlayne (died 1462) and Sir Robert Lingfield (died 1480), who donated the glass. Monuments in south- east nave chapel. To east Sir Robert Harling (died 1435) : quatrefoiled tomb chest with surround in form of ogeed canopy cusped and sub-cusped with leaf decoration and symbolic figures. 2 alabaster eigies within not in situ. To west is tombe of Sir Thomas Lovell (died 1604) and wife: Alabaster and marble with 2 eigies on heraldic tomb chest behind screen of 3 modified Tuscan

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1077452 3/5 11/19/2018 CHURCH OF ST PETER AND ST PAUL, Harling - 1077452 | Historic England

columns supporting entablature and achievement. Obelisks at corners. Rear wall bears inscriptions between strapwork pilasters. Monuments in chancel. Between chancel and north chapel to Sir William Chamberlayne (died 1462): Panelled tomb chest with 4-centred canopy with vaulted ceiling and panelled sides, the sides with niches for figures. Wide diagonal buttresses also panelled and with niches flank 5 ogeed overlights, the ogees with crocketted finials rising to crenellated top rail. Achievement over. To east is tombe of Sir Francis Lovell (died 1551) : Panelled tomb chest with divisions of fluted pilasters. Flat canopy against wall framed by Doric columns on plinths carrying entablature with circular pediment bearing inscription plates. On south wall opposite is identical tombe of Sir Thomas Lovell (died 1567). 6 C15 stalls with misercords and figured arm rests. Many poppy head benches of similar date. Trefoiled Holy water stoop by north door of nave carried on faceted stem. Fragment of wall painting in north nave wall. Good painted restoration Royal Arms of Charles II dated 1660. South door lobby contains C17 carved panels below remains of one early C14 south aisle window.

Listing NGR: TL9899486682

Legacy

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System number: 220546

Legacy System: LBS

Legal

This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.

End of oicial listing

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1077452 4/5

Appendix 3: Figures

P18-2034 │ RG │ December 2018 Lopham Road, Harling

This page has been left intentionally blank *# *# *#

*# *#

*# *# *# *#

*# *#

*# *#*#

*# *# *#

*#*#*#*#

*#*# *# *# *#

*# *# *# *# *# *#

*# KEY Site

*# Grade I Listed Building 1077452 *# *# *# Grade II* Listed Building *# *# Grade II Listed Building *# *# Harling Conservation Area *#*#*#*# *#*# *#*#*#

*# *# *# 1077406 *# *#1077405 1248321 *# *#*# *# 1077404 *# *#*#*# 1077407 1277981 *#*# *# *#*#1077408 1248324 *#*# R evisions: *# First Issue- 19/11/2018 R G *# Second Issue- 03/12/2018 R G - title alteration Figure 1: Designated Heritage Assets *# *# Loph am R oad, Harling

Client: Gladm an Developm ents Ltd. DR WG No: P18-2034 Sh eet No: - R EV:- Draw n by: R G Approved by: GS 0 0.4 k m > Date: 03/12/2018 *# (N Scale: 1:10,000 @ A4 *# Copyrigh t Pegasus Planning Group Ltd. Crow n copyrigh t. All righ ts reserved. 2016 Em apsite Licence num ber 0100031673. Ordnance Survey Copyrigh t Licence num ber 100042093. Prom ap Licence num ber 100020449. Pegasus accepts no liability for any use of th is docum ent oth er th an for its original purpose, or by th e original client, or follow ing Pegasus’ ex press agreem ent to such use. T 01285 641717 w w w .pegasuspg.co.uk

*# *# *# *# *# *#

*# *# *#

*# *# *#*# *#

*# *#*# *# *#*# *# *# *#

This page has been left intentionally blank KEY S ite ENF120496 ENF131079 MNF6029 MNF13028 ENF125323 MNF28355 S tudy Area MNF13816 MNF48272 MNF28936 MNF6049 MNF62829 MNF23268 MNF15841 MNF32708 MNF48269 MNF19833 HER Event Poly gon MNF6048 MNF14102 MNF64121 MNF48270 MNF39303 MNF15656 MNF13894 MNF44555 MNF68631 HER Monum ent Point ENF137534 MNF44556 MNF13817 MNF48288 MNF48285 MNF48286 MNF43276 MNF48271 MNF48268 HER Monum ent Line MNF43277 MNF21238 MNF41030 MNF48274 MNF15842 MNF48282 MNF48281 ENF126584 MNF61971 MNF58722 HER Monum ent Poly gon MNF6023 MNF28914 MNF63081 MNF29504 MNF13539 MNF31465 MNF17778 MNF18461 MNF30452 MNF50500 MNF17777 MNF38590 MNF10822 MNF44135 MNF13892

MNF15655 MNF48267 MNF61173

MNF19699 MNF20039 MNF64016 MNF19569 MNF18269 MNF45905 MNF19024 MNF29882 MNF23267 MNF21058 MNF29384

MNF20040 MNF19701

MNF15996 MNF33168

MNF44198 MNF6024

Revisions: MNF45904 First Issue- 19/11/2018 RG 6 MNF19508 S econd Issue- 03/12/2018 RG - title alteration 1 1 6 F N M Figure 2: Norfolk HER Data

Lopham Road, Harling

Client: Gladm an Developm ents Ltd. DRWG No: P18-2034 S heet No: - REV:- Draw n by : RG Approved by : GS 0 0.5 k m > Date: 03/12/2018 (N S cale: 1:17,500 @ A4

Copy right Pegasus Planning Group Ltd. Crow n copy right. All rights reserved. 2016 Em apsite Licence num ber 0100031673. Ordnance S urvey Copy right Licence num ber 100042093. Prom ap Licence num ber 100020449. Pegasus accepts no liability for any use of this docum ent other than for its original purpose, or by the original client, or follow ing Pegasus’ express agreem ent to such use. T 01285 641717 w w w .pegasuspg.co.uk

This page has been left intentionally blank www.pegasusgroup.co.uk

Pegasus Group Pegasus House Querns Business Centre Whitworth Road Cirencester Glos GL7 1RT

Telephone: 01285 641717

COPYRIGHT The contents of this document must not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part without the written consent of Pegasus Planning Group.

This page has been left intentionally blank