VIEW""

The "Internationale" Spurs Us On

Statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Of the People's Republic of China

March 10, 1972

Chinghai Plateau — A Thoroughfare Vol. 15. No. 11 March 17, 1972

Published in English, French, Spanish,

Japanese and German editions

CONTENTS

THE WEEK 3 Premier Chou Meets Comrade Radulescu and Others Statement by Spokesman of People's Bank of China Head Office China and Britain to Exchange Ambassadors Chinese and U.S. Ambassadors Meet Chilean Socialist Party General Secretary Arrives in Peking Spring Ploughing Begins "More Savings in Cities" and Countryside • Danish Government Delegation

ARTICLES AND DOCUMENTS Eugene Pettier—-The 25th Anniversary of His Death—-V. I. Lenin 5 : The "Internationale" Spurs Us Oji 6 For Your Reference: The "Internationale" 8 Statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic -of China (March 10, 1972) 9 Firmly Support Lao People's Just Struggle — Renmin Ribao Commentator 9 China at the U.N. An Chih-yuan Refutes Japanese Representative's Absurd Statement About Tiaoyu Island 10 Supporting African National-Liberation Movement 11 Reiterating Support for Zimbabwe People's Struggle 12 For Your Reference: South West Africa Under South African Colonial Domination 13 Chinghai Plateau—A Thoroughfare . 14 Thailand: People's Armed Struggle and Mass Movement Continue to Develop 16 North_ Kalimantan: People's Armed Forces Active in Wide-Areas of Sarawak 17 As Seen From Iran: Fight to Defend Petroleum Rights 19

ROUND THE WORLD 20 Africa: First All-Africa Trade Fair Sudan: Agreement on Peaceful Solution of Southern Problem Malaysia and Indonesia; Oppose Soviet Government's Conspiracy Sato and Company: Clinging to Hostile Stand Towards China

ON THE HOME FRONT 22 Big Advances in Pharmaceutical Industry Port of Shanghai Education in Tibet

Published every Friday by PEKING REVIEW Peking (37), China Post Office Registration No. Printed in the People's Republic of China Premier Chou Meets Comrade is sweat-and blood of the Chinese "1. Both confu-ming the principles Radulescu and Others people extorted by the Chiang Kai- of mutual respect for sovereignty and shek clique over a long period of territorial integrity, non-interference Comrades Chou En-lai, Li Hsien- time. Directly after the founding in each other's internal affairs and nien, Keng Piao, Chiao Kuan-hua, of the People's Republic of China, it equality and mutual benefit, the Li Chiang and Han Tsung-cheng on was confiscated by our Government Government of the People's Republic March 12 met Comrade Gheorghe by public proclamation, and this of China and the Government of the Radulescu, Member of the Executive bank, the People's Bank of China, United Kingdom have decided to Committee and Permanent Presidium was authorized to take it over. All raise the level of their respective of the Central Committee of the the assets of the branches of those diplomatic representatives in each Romanian Communist Party and two banks in Taiwan Province and other's capitals from charges d'af• Vice-Chairman of the Council of in foreign countries belong to the faires to ambassadors as from March Ministers of Romania, and all mem• head offices of the two banks, and 13, 1972. bers of the Romanian Government only the People's Bank of China and "2. The Government of the United Economic Delegation led by him. the head offices of the two banks Kingdom, acknowledging the posi• They had a cordial and friendly con• have the right to dispose of them. tion of the Chinese Government that versation with Comrades Gheorghe It is absolutely impermissible for Taiwan is a province of the Peo• Radulescu, Radu Constantinescu and anyone by any means to appropriate ple's Republic of China, have Costin Murgescu. or sell them illegally. decided to remove their official rep• The delegation arrived in Peking At present the Chiang Kai-shek resentation in Taiwan on March 13, on March 11 on its way to visit the clique is stepping up its scheme of •1972. Democratic Republic of Viet Nam stealing state property. In view of "3. The Government of the United and left Peking for the D.R.V.N. on this, this bank hereby declares: Any Kingdom recognize the Government March 13. transferring or selling of the assets of the People's Republic of China as of the two banks by. the Chiang the sole legal government of China. Kai-shek clique, by whatever means and tactics, is illegal and null and Statement by Spokesman of "The. Government of the Peo• void. This bank and the head offices ple's -Republic of China appreciate People's Bank of China of the Bank of China and Bank of the above stand of the Government Head Office Communications reserve every right of the United Kingdom." to recover them. Following is the full text of the statement by the spokesman of the (Hsinhua News Agency People's Bank of China Head Office dispatch, March 13.) on the illegal selling of Bank of Chinese and U.S. Ambassadors China and Bank of Communications Meet stocks by the Chiang Kai-shek China and Britain to The Chinese and U.S. sides will clique: Exchange Ambassadors stay in contact through various On December 15, 1971 the Chiang channels, announced the Sino-U.S. Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kai-shek clique formulated a so- Joint Comnranique of February 28, the People's Republic of China Chiao called "Bank of China Organization 1972. Kuan-hua and British Charge d'Af- Act" and changed the name of the faires to the People's Republic of The Chinese and U.S. Govern• "Bank of China" into the "Interna• China J.M. Addis, duly authorized by ments have decided through con• tional Commercial Bank of China." their respective Governments, held sultation that Paris is to be a channel This is another grave scheme by negotiations and on March 13, 1972 for the two sides to stay in contact. which the Chiang Kai-shek clique reached an agreement on the ex• attempts to steal state property In accordance with this, Huang change of ambassadors between the through the tactics of putting up a Chen, Ambassador of the Peo• two countries. Following is the camouflage. ple's Republic of China to France, and text of the Joint Communique on Arthur Watson, Ambassador of the It is well known that the bureau• the Agreement Between the Peo• United States of America to France, crat-capital of the Bank of China ple's Republic of China and the had a meeting at the Chinese Em• and the Bank of Communications, United Kingdom of Great Britain and bassy In France on March 13. which were controlled by the Northern Ireland • on an Exchange Chiang Kai-shek clique in old China, of Ambassadors:

March 17, 1972 3 Chilean Socialist Party General ment, colonialism and control. We in southern Yunnan Province. The Secretary Arrives in Peking denounce all the violent and aggres• Province's Hsishuangpanna Tai Au• sive acts by U.S. imperialism. tonomous Chou has already planted The Chinese People's Association 150,000 mu of early rice which is 30 He expressed his conviction that for Friendship With Foreign Coun• per cent more than last year's area. Taiwan, part of China's territory, is tries and the China-Latin America In some parts of Kwangsi, spring bound to be returned to the Peo• Friendship Association gave a ban• maize has reached its seedling stage. ple's Republic of China. He declared: quet in the Great Hall of the People United as one, we support the Viet• on the evening of March 7 to wel• The area sown to winter crops all namese people in their struggle, and come Carlos Altamirano, General over the country exceeds that of last support the Korean people in their Secretary of the Socialist Party of year. Wheat and rapeseed are grow• cause of peaceful reunification of Chile, and Arnoldo Camu Veloso, ing well in most places. In some their fatherland. Member of the Political Bureau of southern areas where spring arrives early, wheat is in the head sprouting the Party, on their friendly visit to On March 14, Chou En-lai, Premier stage and rapeseed is in full bloom. China. Attending the banquet were of the State Council; Chiao Kuan- Winter wheat in the major producing Vice-Premier Li Hsien-nien, Vice- hua, Vice-Minister of Foreign Af• areas in the north is gradually turn• Chairman of the N.P.C. Standing fairs; Peng Shao-hui, Deputy Chief ing green. In the north and north• Committee Kuo Mo-jo and leading of General Staff of the Chinese Peo• east where spring comes late, prepa• members of the departments con• ple's Liberation Army; Wang Kuo- rations for ploughing is in full swing. cerned. chuan, a leading member of the During last winter and this spring, Chinese People's Association for . In his speech at the banquet, Wang the cadres and commune members Friendship With Foreign Countries; Kuo-chuan, a leading member of the in these areas have made great and Shen Chien, a leading member Chinese People's Association for achievements in building water of the China-Latin America Friend• Friendship With Foreign Countries, conservancy works on farmland. said: Though the people of China and ship Association, met and feted Chile are far away from each other, Carlos Altamirano, General Secre• Renmin Ribao published on March geographical barriers do not and tary of the Socialist Party of Chile, 9 an editorial entitled "Grasp Educa• cannot separate us from each other and Arnoldo Camu Veloso, Member tion in Line and Promote Spring for we all belong to the third world. of the Political Bureau of the Party, Farming." It calls on leading cadres We have not only common experience and had a cordial and friendly at all levels to carry out deep-going but also a common enemy and are conversation with them. education in ideology and political waging a common struggle. line, implement the Party's rural pol• On March 9, General Secretary icies, carry forward the Party's fine He continued: We resolutely Carlos Altamirano was invited to tradition and style of work, fully support the Chilean Government and give a report to people from all walks mobilize the socialist enthusiasm -of people led by President Salvador of life in Peking on the excellent the masses and grasp the spring Allende in their just struggle against situation in the struggle against im• farming work in good time so as to U.S. imperialist aggression and perialism by the Chilean people and make this year the 11th successive oppression and for safeguarding na• the other Latin American peoples. rich harvest year. tional independence and state sover• His report was warmly applauded. eignty, defending their rights over 200-nautical-mile territorial sea and More Savings in Cities and developing national economy. Spring Ploughing Begins Countryside General Secretary Carlos Altami• Moving from south to north, spring Last year saw a genez'al increase rano said in his speech: Today we farming is now sweeping our vast in urban and rural savings deposits. are fighting together for the inde• countryside. According to statistics from de• pendence and sovereignty of various partments concerned, such deposits countries and for the right of the The fields in some coastal areas of in China's provinces, municipalities people_ of various countries to self- Hainan Island in Kwangtung Prov• and autonomous regions by the end determination. We are fighting in a ince to the south are turning green. of 1971 rose 13.8 per cent over the revolution'aimed at wiping out, .once Early rice seedlings are growing stur• and for all, all manner of enslave• dily. They are being transplanted (Continued on .p. 18.)

4 Peking Review, No,-11 Eugene Poifier

The 25th Anniversary of His Death by V.I. Lenin

N November of last year •—-1912 — it was twenty- cast, he received 3,352. He took part in all the I five years since the death of the French worker- activities of the Commune, that first proletarian poet, Eugene Pottler, author of the famous government. proletarian song, the Internationale ("Arise ye The fall of the Commune forced Pottier to flee starvelings from your slumbers," etc.). to England, and then to America. His famous song, This song has been translated into all European the Internationale, was written in June 1871 —you and other languages. In whatever country a class- might say, the day after the bloody defeat in May. conscious worker finds himself, wherever fate may The Commune was crushed — but Pottier's cast him, however much he may feel himself a Internationale spread its ideas throughout the stranger, without language, without friends, far world, and it is now more alive'than ever before. from his native country — he can find himself., com• rades and friends by the familiar refrain of the. In 1876, in exile, Pottier wrote a poem, The Internationale. Workingmen of America to the Workingmen of France. In it he described the life of workers under The workers • of all countries have adopted the the yoke of capitalism, their poverty, their back- song of their foremost fighter, the proletarian poet, breaking toil, their exploitation, and their firm •and"have'made'it the worldwide song of the pro• confidence in tha coming victory of their cause. letariat. It was only nine years after the Commune that And so the workers of all countries now honour Pottier returned to France, where he at once joined the memory of Eugene Pottier. His wife and the Workers' Party. The first volume of his verse daughter are still alive and living in poverty, as the was published in 1884, the second volume, entitled .author of the Internationale lived all his life. He Revolutionary Songs, came out in .1887. was born in Paris on October 4, 1816. He was 14 A number of other songs by the worker-poet when, he composed his first song, and it was' called: were published after his death. Long Live Liberty! In 1848 he was a fighter on the barricades in the workers' great battle against the On November 8, 1887, the workers of Paris car• bourgeoisie. ried the remains of Eugene Pottier to the Pere Lachaise cemetery, where the executed Com• Pottier was born into a poor family, and all his munards are buried. The police savagely attacked life remained a poor man, a proletarian, earning his the crowd in an effort to snatch the red banner. A bread as a packer and later by tracing patterns on vast crowd took part in the civic funeral. On all fabrics. sides there were shouts of "Long live Pottier!" From 1840 onwards, he responded to all great Pottier died in poverty. But he left a memorial events in the life of France with militant songs, which is truly more enduring than the handiwork awakening the consciousness of the backward, call• of man. He was one of the greatest -propagandists ing on the workers to unite, castigating the bour• by song. When he was composing his first song, the geoisie, and the-bourgeois governments of France. number of worker socialists ran to tens, at most. In the days of the great Paris Commune (1871), Eugene Pottier's historic song is now known to tens Pottier was elected a member. Of the 3,600 votes of millions of proletarians. -

March 17, 1972 5 March K18 this year is the 101 anniversary of the bandit troops who had been badly battered by our founding of the Paris Commune. Since last year Chinese army in the three big campaigns — Liaohsi-Shenyang, •people have once again learnt to sing the "Interna• Peiping-Tientsin and Huai-Hai Campaigns — had re• tionale," the worldwide song of the proletariat, and re• treated south of the Yangtze River. They tried to put up garded singing it as an important teaching material in a last-ditch struggle by using the natural barrier of the carrying out education in ideology and political line. Yangtze. Bourgeois agents in the Party, a handful of Following are three articles relating what the authors Right opportunists, advocated: Use the river as a have learnt after singing the "Internationale." — Ed. boundary and divide up rule north and south. This was a plot to give China's Thiers, Chiang Kai-shek, breathing space and the Paris Commune's history of defeat would We Must Decide and Do be seen in China. At that time Chairman Mao issued the "Order to the Army for the Countrywide Advance," It Well calling on us to "annihilate resolutely, thoroughly, : by Lu Kuo-cheng, deputy regiment wholly and completely all the Kuomintang reactionaries commander - of a P.L.A. unit within China's borders who dare to resist."

HE Internationale made the call to the world's pro• The order moved a million strong army T letariat: "No more tradition's chain shall bind us" forward for battle. The Second Company where I was and carry the world revolution through to the end. The in was given the task of crossing in advance. Singing verses "We must ourselves decide our duty, we must -the Internationale and shouting the slogan "Fight across decide and do it well" embody the Marxist idea of con• the Yangtze and liberate all China,"T and the comrades tinuing the revolution and carrying the revolution •in the whole company forced our way across to the through to the end. They encourage and spur the pro• southern bank in small wooden boats amid a hail of letariat and revolutionary people to advance coura• bullets. geously wave upon wave. Deputy leader of the Third Squad Sung Huak-hsien When I sing the song, I often think of the profound led the whole squad forward. When they neared the historical lesson of proletarian revolution. In March southern bank, he was the first to. jump into the water, 1871, the. proletariat of Paris staged a world-shaking went swiftly to the shore and destroyed two enemy pill• armed uprising and established the Paris Commune — boxes. He was shot down when heading for a third one. the world's first dictatorship Of the proletariat. But Before he died, he waved his arm and shouted: "Com• because some of the leaders of the Paris Commune rades, go forward! Don't let the enemy flee!" We forced failed to detect the plot of the reactionary bour• our way along the path crimson with the martyr's blood geois government headed by Thiers in time, and smashed the enemy battery. We annihilated the it did not march immediately on "Versailles — a enemy, paving a way for. the oncoming troops. Today stronghold of the bourgeoisie — thus giving the when we sing the Internationale and recall the enemy a breathing space to muster his counter-revolu• history of revolution, the spirit of continuing the tionary forces for a fierce counter-offensive. The Paris revolution embodied in the verses "We must decide and Commune suffered a disastrous defeat. "We must de• do it well" inspires us to fight with even more vigour cide and do it well" is a lesson gained at the cost of and determination. blood and lives of the heroes of the Commune one hundred years ago. Historical experience tells us that on its long path to realizing communism, the proletariat should at no time forget class struggle and should not We Want No Condescending pause attacking the class enemies. Under the conditions of the dictatorship of the proletariat, we must not Saviours relax our vigilance and should detect, expose and struggle resolutely against those "bloody birds of prey" by the peasant commentary group of of various descriptions wearing either masks or waving the Tungliushanku Brigade in Linhsi "red flags" to oppose the red flag. County, Hopei Province

Singing this song also reminds me of the battle "E want no condescending saviours to rule us from scene in April 1949 when we crossed the Yangtze River W their judgement hall. We workers ask not for their during the War of Liberation. The Chiang Kai-shek favours, let us consult for all." These verses of the

6 Peking Revieio, No. 11 Internationale vividly and in a penetrating way tell of hamlet with so many sand dunes has been transformed the great revolutionary teacher Marx's saying that "the into a socialist new village engulfed in forests and cover• emancipation of the working classes must be conquered ed by crops. We have basically mechanized or semi- by the working classes themselves." This fundamental mechanized ploughing, drainage and irrigation, trans• principle of historical materialism is a sharp ideological port, threshing, plant protection, milling grain and weapon for us to criticize the idealist conception of his• crushing fodder. Meanwhile, grain and cotton output tory propagated by Liu Shao-chi and other swindlers increases every year. In the last six years, the brigade like him who said that heroes created history. These delivered and sold to the state more than 1.4 million jin verses heighten the proletariat's will to fight and crush of grain and 580,000 jin of ginned cotton. There also has the bourgeoisie's arrogance and deal heavy blows at all been a big development in forestry, animal husbandry kinds of sham Marxists. The more we poor and lower- and side-line occupations. middle peasants study these verses, the more elated we are; the more we sing this song, the stronger we feel. Today when we sing the Internationale we have a deep understanding of the verse "We workers ask not Do heroes create history or do slaves create history? for their favours, let us consult for all." We will re• This is a fundamental landmark distinguishing historical double our efforts to win new victories, to support the idealism from historical materialism. Liu Shao-chi and revolutionary struggle of the peoples of the world and these like him did their best to negate the role of the to let the golden sunlight remain.' masses in history by propagating the idealist conception of history that it was heroes who created history. They thought they themselves were "saviours" and looked on the masses as "vagabonds." They deemed that the Song of Unity for Victory liberation of the people and the progress of history were bestowed by "heroes of foresight and vision" like them• by Chiang Hung, Shanghai Kiangnan selves. This fully reveals their essence of deep hatred Shipyard toorker for the masses. HPHE Internationale by the great French worker-poet JL Eugene Pottier is a revolutionary battle song of the The Internationale tells us that there is no such men proletariat. . It has spread the shining idea of the Paris born with wisdom, nor are there any divine personages Commune to the whole world. who know everything. It is we the labouring masses who create world history, and not • those "heroes" or "Let each stand in his place; the Internationale shall the landlords, bourgeoisie and their agents who style be the human race!" This has become a clarion call en• themselves "saviours." Chairman Mao teaches us: couraging the world's proletariat and revolutionary peo• "The people, and the people alone, are the motive force ple to fiercely charge against the old world. Today when in the making of world history." The masses are the we •are-singing this song of our proletariat, we feel elated masters who know and transform the world. Their and more close to it. We, the working class, are deter• practice is the source of men's knowledge about class mined to hold high the banner of unity and victory and struggle and the struggle for production, and the ma• struggle valiantly for the realization of the communist terial force which transforms the world. Under the bril• ideal throughout the world. liant leadership of Chairman Mao, by closely relying on the'masses and the concerted efforts of the people of the In the Manifesto of the Communist Party, our great whole country, we defeated the Japanese aggressors and revolutionary teachers Marx and Engels issued the call: buried the Chiang family dynasty, overthrowing the "Working men of all countries, unite!" three big mountains •— imperialism, feudalism and During the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, bureaucrat-capitalism — weighing on the Chinese peo• Chairman Mao has taught us "to pay attention to doing ple. In socialist revolution and socialist construction, we your best to unite with all people that can be united... . also rely on the strength of the masses and display the Marx said that the proletariat must emancipate not only revolutionary spirit of "maintaining independence and itself but all mankind. Without emancipating all man• keeping the initiative in our own hands and relying on kind the proletariat cannot achieve its own final emanci• our own efforts" to overcome various difficulties and go pation." To be united is necessary in struggle. Only from victory to victory. when we achieve unity based, on the principle of Marx• The changes in our brigade are like that. In the ism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung Thought, can we have a vicious old society, things were as follows: Wind and unified will and a unified step and can we completely defeat the enemy. sand reigned in spring; rain in summer and autumn swallowed the farmland; we reaped sand and water but To eliminate the criminal system of exploitation of not grain and so famine followed. In the past 2.0 years man by man, the world's proletariat and revolutionary and more, guided by Chairman Mao's revolutionary line, people have for more than a hundred years been united we depended not on divine personages nor on emperors in waging heroic struggle and achieved great victories. but on our own efforts to struggle with heaven and earth and with class enemies. We made the elements bow and China's historical experience also shows that with• left the class enemies no place to hide. The once poor out the unity of the proletariat, there will be no victory

March 1-7, 1972 7 ioT that class. However, ''Left'' and' Right opportunists proletariat,' thus making the Chinese revolution achieve have always done their best to undermine Party unity continuous victory. ' and unification. In the last fifty years,-there has always One hundred years have elapsed since the birth of existed within our Party a struggle between the two the Internationale. In the meantime the world has lines and a struggle between maintaining and under• undergone tremendous changes. We are now in a new, mining Party unity. Chen Tu-hsiu, Wang Ming, Liu great era of world revolution. Countries want indepen• Shao-chi and other swindlers like them used that portion dence, nations want liberation and the people want revo• of power they had usurped to push an opportunist line lution •—• all this has become an irresistible historical politically and to widely engage in plots of splitting the trend. The Chinese working class and Chinese people Party organizationally. Under the guidance of Chairman who have already won liberation will stand firmly to• Mao's revolutionary line, the Chinese people have waged gether with the world's proletariat and with the oppress• resolute struggles against them and smashed their plots ed people and nations to fight to the end for the com• of splitting the Party and undermining the cause of the plete emancipation of the whole mankind.

The "Internationale5

On March 18, 1871, the proletariat and the poem —the Internationale. The poem was filled people of Paris in France staged a. courageous with the firm determination that slaves created armed uprising and founded the Paris Commune. history and confidence in the certain victory of This was the" first proletarian regime in the his• the communist cause. It predicted: "Let each tory . of mankind, the first great attempt of the stand in his place; the Internationale shall be the proletariat to overthrow the bourgeoisie and es• human race." By writing his poem Pottier erected tablish the dictatorship of the proletariat. The an immortal monument for the Paris Commune Paris Commune failed because of the military members, while through the Internationale the onslaught and . bloody suppression by butcher heroes of the Commune issued the call to the late• Thiers in collaboration with Bismarck. But just comers of carrying the revolution through to the as Marx, pointed out: The glorious movement of end. March 18 was "the dawn of the great social revolution which will liberate mankind from the It was in June 1888 or seven months after regime of classes for ever." Pottier's death that Pierre Degeyter first read the words of the Internationale. This French worker- The Paris Commune members put up an ex• composer was exhilarated by its spirit. Reviewing tremely heroic resistance against the class enemy the historical experience of the workers' move• at home and abroad. In that week of bloodshed, ment, he thought of many things—his and the corpses were littered on the streets and bloodstains masses' loyalty to Marxism and longing for com• found everywhere in Paris. Searches and slaugh• munism, the life of Pottier, the battle scenes of ter continued up to early June. A Versailles news• the Paris Commune. . . . He seemed to have re• paper published on May 30 announced that the turned to that great year, 1871, so he began on his poet Eugene Pottier had been arrested and put to simple organ to set the music for the Internationale death. Actually the poet had gone underground. at night. Degeyter worked the whole night and Amid the roar of guns and fire, under the threat when he finished his task the sun had risen from of death and while the corpses of the victims were the east. being transported by carts outside the window, In July 1888, the composer led a chorus to give our great proletarian poet stayed on the outskirts the first performance of the song at a gathering of Paris in early June. Neither wavering nor be• of newspaper sellers in'Lille. From that time on, coming down-hearted, he summed up experience the Internationale has spread all over France and from the failure and translated his boiling feelings the world and become the battle clarion of the into language to write the extraordinary inspiring proletariat and workers of all countries.

8 Peking Review, No. 11 Statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Of the People's Republic of China March 10, 1972

On March 6, 1972 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs war of aggression and is putting up a death-bed of the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam issued a state• struggle. ment sternly condemning U.S. imperialism for its U.S. imperialism must immediately stop its bomb• recent acts of aggression of repeatedly dispatching ings and attacks on the Democratic Republic of Viet aircraft to carry out bombings and attacks on the ter• Nam and the other Indochinese countries and stop all ritory of the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam. The its acts of aggression against this area; the U.S. Govern• Chinese Government and people resolutely support the ment must withdraw from Indochina the U.S. and vas• just stand of the Vietnamese Government and people. sal troops totally, unconditionally and before a set terminal date and must cease to support the puppet - U.S. imperialism, in disregard of the strong opposi• cliques in the Indochinese countries so that the peoples tion of the people of the world, obdurately persists in of Viet Nam, Laos and Cambodia may settle their carrying out wanton bombings against the Democratic respective internal questions themselves free from Republic of Viet Nam in a vain attempt to hold back foreign interference. the victorious advance of the Vietnamese and other The Chinese Government and people resolutely Indochinese peoples in their war against U.S. aggression support the Vietnamese and other Indochinese peoples and for national salvation and to save Itself from in their war against U.S. aggression and for national ultimate defeat in this area. However, innumerable salvation. So long as U.S. imperialism does not stop its facts over the years have been eloquent proof that aggression, so long as the sacred national rights of the bombs cannot intimidate the heroic Vietnamese people Indochinese peoples are not realized, the Chinese people but can only arouse them to still greater indignation will do their utmost to give all-out support and as• against the U.S. aggressors and still more heroic and sistance to the Vietnamese and other Indochinese peo• staunch struggle. The so-called "air and naval superi• ples' great struggles. We are deeply convinced that ority" the United States has been bragging about for the peoples of Viet Nam, Laos and Cambodia, uphold• many years has long failed to work. The current ing unity and persisting in the people's war, will def• wanton bombings by U.S. aircraft on Vietnamese ter• initely defeat the U.S. aggressors and their lackeys ritory only indicate that U.S. imperialism is sinking ever and win complete victory in the war against U.S. more deeply and inextricably in the quagmire of its aggression and for national salvation.

Firmly. Support Lao Peopled Just Straggle

by "Renmin Ribao" Commentator

HE Central Committee of the Lao Patriotic Front for national salvation. The Chinese people firmly sup• T issued a statement on March 8 denouncing U.S. port the solemn stand of the Central Committee of the imperialism for intensifying its war of aggression in Lao Patriotic Front and the just struggle, of. the Lao Laos and expressing the determination to frustrate people against U.S, imperialist aggression. completely all U.S. military adventures in Laos and contribute effectively to the common victory of the The Lao patriotic armed forces and people carried Indochinese people's war against U.S. aggression and out successive attacks during the 1971-72 dry season in

March 17, 197.2 9 the Plain of Jars-Xieng Khoang, Sam Thong-Long war against U.S. aggression and for national salvation. Cheng, Sala Phou Khoun and other areas, and per• They have grown stronger In the course of fighting and formed remarkable deeds in wiping out large numbers are marching forward on the crest of victory. The of enemy troops and liberating many strategic positions. statement of the Central Committee of the Lao Patriotic Besides consolidating and enlarging the liberated zone Front once again has clearly shown the staunch will in Laos, these victories are of great significance to the and confidence in victory of the Lao patriotic armed further development of the Lao people's war against forces and people in resisting the U.S. aggressors. The U.S. aggression and for national salvation. Refusing U.S. Government must immediately stop its inter• to learn from its heavy defeats in Laos and other parts ference and aggression in Laos. The Lao question must of Indochina, the United States has continued using be settled by the Lao people themselves without any all its. efforts to intensify and reinforce its aggressive outside interference. war in Laos. While sending more Thai accomplice The Lao people are close comrades-in-arms of the troops to Laos to bolster up the Lao Rightist authorities in an attempt to put up a desperate struggle and Chinese people who have always regarded their launch counter-attacks, the United States is stepping 'struggle as their own. We are deeply convinced that up the bombing of the Lao liberated zone and key under the leadership of the Lao - Patriotic Front,-the communication lines. But the U.S. military adventure, Lao people, strengthening their unity and fighting far from intimidating the heroic Lao people, can only shoulder to shoulder with the peoples of Viet Nam and arouse them to strike- back with greater resolve. and Cambodia, will surely defeat the U.S. imperialist force. . - aggression and win complete victory in the war against U.S. aggression and for national salvation. The Lao patriotic armed forces and people have had great victories and rich experience in the (March. 12)

China at the U.N*

An Shih-yyao Refutes Japanese Representative's Absurd Statement About Tsaoyu island

HE U.N. Committee on the Peaceful Uses of the Sea- of the rights over the seas and oceans, which will be T Bed and the Ocean Floor Beyond the Limits of in the fundamental interests of the people of all coun• National Jurisdiction continued its general debate on tries and in conformity with the spirit of the principles March 10. of the United Nations Charter, it is essential to oppose the policies of aggression, plunder and hegemony. The Chinese Representative An Chih-yuan made a Japanese Government's wild attempt to occupy China's speech at the meeting, refuting the Japanese representa• territory Tiaoyu and other islands and plunder the sea• tive's March 3 speech in which he had absurdly claimed bed resources in the vicinity of these islands is a glaring Japan's "sovereignty" over China's territory Tiaoyu act of aggression, to which we of course cannot remain and other islands and attacked and slandered China. indifferent. In solemnly stating the Chinese Govern• An Chih-yuan said: "In his speech, the Japanese ment's stand in our speech, our purpose is not only to representative accused China of dictating to the Sea-Bed defend the sovereignty and territorial integrity of our Committee its terms on the question of the Tiaoyu and country and protect our sea-bed resources from en• other islands. Such an accusation is utterly untenable. croachment, but also to uphold, together with all coun• In our speech the Chinese Delegation pointed out: 'The tries that stand for justice, the basic principle of current international struggle with regard to the rights opposing the policies of aggression, plunder and hege• over the seas and oceans is in essence a struggle between mony on the question of the rights over the seas and aggression and anti-aggression, plunder and anti- oceans." plunder and hegemony and anti-hegemony.' In this connection, the Chinese Delegation has raised a most Citing historical facts, he continued: "The Tiaoyu important question of principle, that is: If a fair and and other islands have been China's territory since an• reasonable settlement is to be achieved on the question cient times. Back in the Ming Dynasty, I.e., in the 15th

10 Peking Review, No: -12 and 16th centuries A.D., these islands were already obdurate course of wilful expansion, it will definitely within China's sea defence areas; they were islands come to no good end!" appertaining to China's Taiwan but not to Ryukyu, He pointed out that Japanese militarism is a danger• which is now known as Okinawa." ous force of aggression in the Asian and Pacific region.

Referring to recent remarks on Taiwan by chief• An Chih-yuan concluded: Japan is China's neigh• tains of the Japanese Government, An Chih-yuan bour. The Japanese people are a great people. There pointed out: "The Japanese Government is not only exists a profound friendship between the Chinese and trying in vain to include China's Tiaoyu and other Japanese peoples. The Chinese Government and people islands into Japan's territory but also has the ambitious have consistently supported the Japanese people in design to dip its fingers again into China's territory their valiant struggle -to demand the unconditional and Taiwan Province. As is known to all, Taiwan has been .complete recovery of Okinawa. But the Chinese people China's territory since ancient times. After World War absolutely will not permit the U.S. and Japanese II, Taiwan was already returned to China. Should the Governments using China's territory Tiaoyu and other- Japanese Government refuse to draw a lesson from the islands to make a deal and sow discord in the friendly defeat brought by its aggression and cling to . its. relations between the Chinese and Japanese peoples.

Supporting Mmm National-Liberation Movement fTTKE United Nations Special Committee on Decoloni- "At present, the African countries which have zation held a meeting on March 1 to discuss its already won independence are marching forward with 1972's work programme. Chinese Representative Chang big strides and winning one victory after-another on Yung-kuan, in a speech at the meeting, drew attention the road of opposing colonialism and neo-colonialism, to the excellent situation in the African continent in consolidating national independence and safeguarding favour of the national-liberation movement and de• state sovereignty, liquidating the colonialist forces and nounced the criminal schemings of. imperialism, developing national economy and' culture. In order to colonialism and neo-coloniallsm against the African consolidate the fruits of victory and push ahead their national-liberation movement. He advanced the sug• struggle, more and more African countries are getting gestions of the Chinese Delegation on the future work further united among themselves and with the Asian of the Special Committee, on Decolonization. and Latin American countries against imperialism, colonialism and neo-colonialism. In particular, they are The Chinese representative said: "The national- directing the spearhead of their struggle against the liberation moA'-ement has become the great Irresistible power politics and hegemony.of the superpowers." . historical current of our time, which will certainly con• tinue to surge ahead and win still more important He added: "The African countries have now be• victories. In the years since World War II, the colonial come an important political force on the international empires have disintegrated and toppled one after political area. They, have made important contributions another." to the common cause of the -unity of the people of the third world against imperialism." He continued: "The national-liberation movement in Asia, Africa and Latin America are surging forward Chang Yung-kuan then referred to the upsurge of vigorously. All this shows that countries want independ• the struggles waged by the peoples of Zimbabwe, Na• ence, nations want liberation and the people want mibia, Angola, Mozambique and . Guinea (Bissau) to revolution and-that this is the inevitable trend of hls- combat colonialist rule and racial discrimination and toxical development which no force on earth can resist. to win national independence. He declared: "The great The days are gone for ever when imperialism, colonial• majority of African countries have won independence ism and neo-colonialism could rule the fate of other and have now become masters of their own. The non- countries at will. independent African people will certainly • smash the shackles imposed on them and win the victory of na• "What should be pointed out in particular is that tional liberation so long as they persevere in unity and the national-liberation movement in Africa has devel• struggle." oped vigorously after World War II. Nearly 40 African countries have won independence. The political con• The Chinese representative said: "We maintain sciousness of the African people is higher than ever that the Special Committee on Decolonization should before. Earth-shaking changes have taken place on the firmly support the people of Asia, Africa, Latin America, African continent. Africa which was slanderously called Oceania and the rest of the world in their just struggle the 'Dark Continent' by the Western colonialists is against imperialism, colonialism and neo-colonialism shining forth with radiance in the common struggle of and for the winning and safeguarding of national in• the people of various countries against imperialism. dependence and firmly oppose their aggression, subver-

Mar.ch 17, 1972 11 sion, control, interference and bullying against the- Chinese Government and people . firmly .. support the Asian, African and Latin American countries and other •people of all countries'in their just struggle ' against regions. imperialism, colonialism and neo-colonialism. We con• "The Chinese Government and people have always sider this to be our bounden internationalist duty. The regarded the revolutionary struggles of the people of Chinese Delegation is ready to exert its efforts to this all countries as a tremendous support to them. The end."

le's truggh

rfiHE United Nations Special Committee on Decoloni- people realize their national independence free from zation held meetings on March 8 and 10 to discuss any outside interference. That is the universal desire the question of Rhodesia. Chinese Representative Chang and sacred right of the Zimbabwe people." Yung-kuan made a speech at the March 10 meeting, He stated: "Imperialism and colonialism will not denouncing imperialism for its collusion with the Rho- step down from the stage of history of their own accord. desian racist regime to suppress and be hostile to the In their speeches at the Security Council meetings in African people and expressing firm support for the just Africa, the representatives of many African countries struggle of the Zimbabwe people. and liberation movements drew their conclusion from

He said: "The essence of the question of Southern the practice of their own struggle: 'Take up arms, Rhodesia is the Zimbabwe people's fight against outside strengthen unity and persevere in the fight — this is colonialist rule and for national independence. The the only way to freedom and independence.' We are Smith racist regime is a direct outcome of the British deeply convinced that in face of the awakened Zim• colonialist policy. As is known to all, with the con• babwe people no schemes plotted by the British Govern• nivance and support of Britain, the Rhodesian racist ment and the Smith regime of Rhodesia will ever regime headed by Ian Smith has enforced internally an succeed." extreme fascist rule and a barbarous policy of racial In his speech Chang Yung-kuan reiterated the discrimination, depriving the African people, who com• Chinese Government's stand on the question of prise the overwhelming majority of the "population, of Rhodesia: all their political rights; externally, it has colluded with 1) We must sternly condemn the Rhodesian racist the white colonialist authorities in South Africa and regime for its atrocious bloody repression of the Zim• the Portuguese colonialist rulers in brutally repressing babwe people; condemn the British and other govern• the national-liberation movement of the people of ments for their reactionary support to Rhodesia, South southern Africa and carrying out armed encroachment Africa and the Portuguese colonialist authorities; upon neighbouring independent African countries. The categorically reject the so-called "settlement proposals" so-called 'proposals' for the 'settlement of the Rhode• concocted by Britain in collusion with the racist regime sian independence dispute' concocted by the British of Rhodesia and declare the activities of the "Pearce Government and the Smith racist regime last November Commission" illegal. and the so-called 'test of acceptability' by the 'Pearce 2) The white colonialist authorities of South Africa Commission' are an out-and-out conspiracy and fraud, must immediately withdraw their police and military designed'to carry on their opposition to the Zimbabwe personnel from the territory of Rhodesia. people's struggle for national independence and to le• 3) Sanctions against the Rhodesian racist regime galize the racist regime of Southern Rhodesia. In this should be further strengthened and widened; sanctions connection, it must also be pointed out that the British should also be imposed on South Africa and the Government has all along received the support and en• Portuguese colonialist authorities; the United States couragement of some NATO countries in its reactionary and all other countries that have violated the U.N. res• acts of abetting and shielding the Rhodesian fascist olution on sanctions against Southern Rhodesia should regime." -be sternly condemned. Chang Yung-kuan said:. "The Chinese Government -.• 4) We should appeal to all governments and peoples and people firmly support the just, struggle of the Zim- - .to give active solidarity and support to the Zimbabwe babwe people and have always-held-that Britain must .people in their just struggle against imperialism, colo• hnmediately'end the colonialist rule of the white-racist nialism and neo-colonialism, against racial discrimina• -regime in Southern Rhodesia and let the -Zimbabwe tion and apartheid and for national independence. - -

12 Peking Review, No. 11 South West Africa Under South African

Colonial Domination

South West Africa (Namibia) is labour on farms and in mines owned area is monopolized by the U.S. still under South African white racist by white monopoly capitalists. The Tsumeb Corporation Ltd. The U.S. rule. Of its 610,000 (1966 figure) authorities also viciously exploit the Texaco Oil Company has obtained an population living in an area of over Africans by the enslaving "contract oil concession of 16,200 square miles 824,200 square kilometres, 485,000 are labour system," under which South in the Ovamboland area in northern Africans. The land is rich in mineral West African workers are deprived of South West Africa. The lifeline of resources, diamonds and lead in par• the freedom to choose jobs and em• the South West African economy is ticular. There is also uranium, vana• ployers. They work under a contract, almost entirely in the hands of dium, gold, silver, manganese, etc. usually for an 18-month period and British, U.S. and- South African colonialists. Once a German colony, South West for a miserable wage. During the period, a "contract labourer" is not Africa was occupied by the South To preserve and widen their colo• allowed to join a trade union, take African racist regime during World nial interests in South West Africa, War I. In 1920 the imperialist-control• part in a strike or visit his relatives. U.S. and British imperialism have led League of Nations put South West Any violation of these regulations used every means to undermine the Africa under the South African means torture and even loss of life. people's struggle for national inde• mandate. The South African "Par- Under the barbarous racist system, pendence there and gone out of their liament" passed the South West Afri• the masses of South West African way to back the reactionary South can Affairs Amendment Act in 1949 workers are virtually slaves of the African authorities in illegally occu• aimed at legalizing the illegal occupa• white colonialists. pying South West Africa. In October tion of South West Africa. of 1966, thanks to the Afro-Asian • To suppress the daily rising countries' struggle, the U.N. Assemb• For half a century, the reactionary national-liberation movement in ly adopted a resolution on abolishing South African authorities have car• southern Africa, especially the grow• the reactionary South African ried out a ruthless policy of racial dis• ing resistance of the South West regime's "mandate" over South West crimination and apartheid which has African people, the South African Africa. Nevertheless, supported by completely deprived the South West colonial authorities have built mil• U.S. and British imperialism, the African people of their fundamental itary bases and airfields, stationed reactionary regime refused to imple• rights and personal freedom. In the troops and set up police stations in ment the resolution. name of separate development for South West Africa. They arrest, im• gradual introduction of Bantu self- prison, torture and maltreat the Afri• Last June, because of the Afro- government, the authorities forced cans at will and impose savage fascist Asian countries' strong demands, the the Africans to settle on barren "re• rule there. International Court declared the re• serves" (which account for only 27 actionary South African authorities' per cent of the total area of South Colluding with British and U.S. rule over South West Africa illegal. West Africa) and set up "Bantustans" monopoly capital, the South African The • racist - regime, however, has there which are virtually big prisons. white racists have occupied vast turned a deaf ear to the. decision and areas of fertile land and control the Africans kept on these "reserves" up to now has. continued its domina• rich mineral resources of South West do not have the right to vote, of tion over South West Africa. Fur• Africa. The Consolidated Diamond assembly and association or to strike. thermore, the U.S. and British im• They are not allowed to work in the Mines of South West Africa Ltd., perialists have ganged up with other civil service. Any African who has jointly owned by British, U.S. and imperialist countries and recklessly reached the age of 16 must apply for South African monopoly capital, con• armed the reactionary South African an "identification card" from the trols 99.6 per cent of , South West regime to strengthen its bloody sup• authorities. People without cards are Africa's diamond production. Lead pression of the South West African picked up and sent to work as forced and copper production in the Tsumeb people.

March 17, 1972 13 HINGHAI Province in northwest Revolution. Plunging into the work Chinghai is where China's two C . China has an intricate topog• with might and main, the people of largest rivers — the Yangtze and the raphy characterized by snow-capped various nationalities, not excepting Yellow Rivers •—• have their source. mountains and deep ravines, sandy the elderly, have built roads joining The flow of their many tributaries land and pastures, and large rivers the various chou and counties. The is very fast. The main headstream and rapid streams. Absence of com• Hsunhua Sala Autonomous County of the Yangtze is the Tungtien River munication lines compelled the started building roads in 1970, and which flows past the southern foot• Tibetan, Tu, Hui, Han, Mongolian, within six months a 55-kilometre- hills of the Bayan Kara Mountains. Sala. and Kazakh people there to live long road' across the county was com• Collecting the waters of thousands generation after generation in isola• pleted. Flanked by steep cliffs, the of streams from the snowy mountains tion from one another and from the Huchu Tu Autonomous County's 5,000 to 6,000 metres above sea level, outside world.' Hsiaho Production Brigade is located the Tungtien is turbulent and rapid: in a valley through which a river A saying among the local people was: Taking advantage of the people's flows. Inhabitants going to another "You can travel all over the land, crying need for highways, the Kuo- village had to scale precipices and a but you can't cross the Tungtien mintang reactionaries before libera• slip could have meant immediate River." tion, extorted taxes and levies from death down into the chasm. They them but never built the roads. By The No. 1 engineering team of the started building a road in 1966. With the time of liberation, the province highway department in Chinghai ropes tied around their waists, mem• Province was given the task of build• had only some 472 kilometres, of bers from the 43 households in the ing a bridge across the Tungtien. highways, most of which were badly brigade worked on the cliffs and Anxious to complete it at an early in need of repair and some entirely bored holes for explosives to blast date, the workers did not hesitate to buried in sand, the rocks and open a trail. Five years go into the rapid stream to dam up later, they succeeded in building 'a A new chapter1 in Chinese history part of the river so as to divert its 20-kilometre-long highway which has began in 1949. flow to facilitate pier building. They made this remote mountain region In response to Chairman Mao's call worked even in mid-winter on the easily accessible. "Fear no difficulty and work hard to high trestle, defying the bitter cold of build roads to help the brother na• tionalities," People's Liberation Army units and the people of various na• tionalities in the province soon got UIGHUfl \ organized to build the roads. Defying AUTONOMOUS^ danger and difficulties, combating f RE6I0M X J glaciers and rapids, and bringing shifting sands under control, they battled on the Tangla and the Bayan Kara Mountains and did their bit in helping build the Chinghai-Tibet, Chinghai-Sikang, Chinghai-Sinkiang -^j Hsunhua Sala and Sining-Changyeh Highways, f >:*:•:}Autonomous County thereby linking Chinghai with Tibet, Szechuan, Sinkiang, Kansu and the rest of the country.

LEGEND Socialist construction has made „—provincial boundary swift progress in Chinghai during Trunk highway the Great Proletarian Cultural

14 Peking Review, No.. 11 30 degrees below. Three years later, they completed the bridge spanning the Tungtien.

The atmosphere in the Tangla Mountains, which rise 5,000 metres above sea level, is thin and the weather inclement. The No. 4 en• gineering team was assigned t. y > t* the task of building a bridge over a deep chasm. Not ac• climatized at first, some of the workers had headaches, felt weak in their legs, and could not eat or sleep well. But encouraging themselves an with, the heroic exploits of the Red Army during the Long March, they tenaciously A convoy of trucks on the Chinghai Plateau. stuck to their posts and gradually adapted themselves

to the new conditions. At one stage, Machi Snow Mountain, which is 4,800 workers in charge of a section on the there was a continuing snowstorm. metres above sea level, was badly out. Tangla Mountains. Late one night, But they carried on work despite the of repair for lack of maintenance five trucks got stuck in the waist- frozen mud on their clothes and the workers. In view of this, Ma Pao- deep snow about seven kilometres icy wind. Their perseverance brought ching, a Communist Party member of from the place where they live. the bridge to an early completion. a maintenance team, requested that Hearing the news, they immediately he be put in charge of that section. went to see what they could do to • On the Chinghai Plateau, there are With four other workers he organized help. They took all the men on the at present some 14,000 kilometres of a team. Living in a tent on the trucks to their living quarters, gave trunk highways, about 1,000 highway mountain, they mapped out a plan them food and told them to rest there bridges and over 10,000 culverts. to repair the road. They laid gravel for the night. Then they discussed What with the roads built by the on the road-bed, dug ditches on both how to get the trucks out. At day• various chou, counties, communes sides and systematically widened and break, they hurried to the spot and and brigades, the province now has reinforced the entire section. Their contrived to get the trucks going. a network of transportation lines. In labour has not only ensured smooth Then using chisels and shovels to the Huchu Tu Autonomous County, traffic, but the drivers and passengers break the ice and clear away the for example, 22 communes and over now can rest in the houses they have snow, they opened up the road again 70 per cent of the production brigades built and have a drink of water from for the trucks to drive out of the can be reached by motor vehicles, the wells they have sunk. snowy mountain. and about a dozen communes have regular bus services. Lrv Pao-hua is a woman^ main• With the expansion of highways, tenance worker on a highway passing Mast of the highways in Chinghai production on the Chinghai Plateau through sandy land. She has worked are built of gravel. Safe traffic is flourishing as never before. Chemi• indefatigably for eight years. A throughout the year is ensured as a cal fertilizers can now be brought in windstorm rose one night last winter, result of the untiring efforts of the for the farms, water-turbine stations and the sand dunes on the highway more than, 600 maintenance teams sending water to the fields have been obstructed traffic. Though it was along.the highways. In winter, they built, and dry land has mostly been quite late, she got up and swept the clear away the snow on the roads, . turned into irrigated land. Formerly sand away, thereby ensuring safe and when there Is a mountain flood, grain-poor brigades and teams passage for the Vehicles. they promptly drain off the water:, now have surpluses and the living and repair the roads wherever neces• On the Chmghai-Tibet Highway, standards of the people of various nationalities are steadily improving. sary. A section of a highway on the : there - are -11 • Tibetan maintenance

March 17, 1972 15 people in.. -Nakhon tSrithammarat Province kindled the flames. of armed struggle in Ronphibun, Tung Song, Lan Saka, Ta Sala, Huasai and other districts. At the end of last De• cember the patriotic armed forces and people opened another new bat• tleground in the Ao Luk District of Krabi Province. Making use of the expanding guerrilla zones, the patri• otic armed forces and people in the south frequently sent small contin• gents to penetrate deep into the ene• my's rear, destroyed enemy posts IVING full play to their revolu• isolated enemy troops by concen• and police stations, ambushed and trating a superior force. G tionary heroism under very dif• wiped out reactionary troops...and ficult conditions, the Thai patriotic They wiped out 50 enemy troops in police, and liberated their native armed forces and people, under the Terng District, Chiang Rai Prov• places. leadership of the Communist Party ince, in a single battle on April 5,1971. of Thailand, vigorously promoted Operating actively on the Thai-Lao In the first six months of last year, people's war and won new victories borders and Thai-Cambodian borders, the patriotic armed forces and people in 1971. They smashed a series of the Thai people's armed forces fought in Chiang Rai and Nan Provinces enemy military "encirclement and bravely along the Mekong River, wiped out a total of more than 600 suppression" operations, pressed on ambushing the enemy everywhere, enemy troops, shot down 12 enemy their attacks and annihilated large wrecking communication lines lead• helicopters and damaged many numbers of enemy effectives. Ac• ing to Laos-and Cambodia, blowing others, and destroyed or damaged cording to incomplete statistics, the up enemy military vehicles and three enemy armoured cars. After patriotic armed forces and people materials, and raiding U.S. military the dry season began, the patriotic fought over 700 battles last year and bases. armed forces and people of Chiang wiped out more than 1,700 enemy Rai Province continued the fight Last September, the patriotic troops. By the end of 1971, the against the "encirclement and sup• armed forces and people attacked a people's armed struggle had spread pression" campaigns and wiped out U.S. base in northeastern Nakhon to more than 170 districts in 38 more than 80 enemy troops between Phanom Province, killing or wound• provinces. November 16 and 26, 1971, foiling the ing 27 enemies. The U.S.-Thai reac• enemy attempt and protecting the tionaries planned two years ago to Defending Liberated Areas liberated area. build a strategic highway leading to the Lao border in northern Thai• In northern Thailand, the U.S.• land's Tak Province to meet the needs Thai reactionaries conducted "encir• Opening New Theatres of War of the war of aggression in Indochina. clement and suppression" operations In southern Thailand, the Thai But the project was thwarted time last year with no let-up against the reactionaries in 1971 stepped up and again by the Meo people's armed liberated areas in Chiang Rai, Nan their suppression and set up a forces in that province. and Tak Provinces. In Nan Province "command post for suppressing Com• alone, the enemy threw in 10,000 munists" there. They launched a Consolidating Base Areas troops. Under cover of U.S. aircraft, series of large-scale military "encir• artillery and tanks and commanded The fighting ability of the Thai clement and suppression" operations, by U.S. military "advisers" and mili• people's armed forces increased each involving several hundred to tary chieftains of the Thanom-Pra- markedly last year. They are 1,000 reactionary troops and police. phas clique's ground, naval and air capable of wiping out enemy troops But they were defeated every time. forces, they blockaded and bombed by whole squads and platoons and The reactionary Thai authorities had the liberated areas and went so far have successfully fought many small to admit that the number of the peo• as to use toxic chemicals. Despite battles- of annihilation. Between ple's armed forces "has become larger their numerical . inferiority, the battles, they went to the mountain• after every, suppression operation." patriotic armed forces and people ous and rural areas to arouse the The patriotic armed forces and peo• brought the might of people's war masses. Resolutely carrying out the ple in southern Thailand have grown into full play, and fought back va• policy on nationalities of the Com• strong in their victorious fight against liantly with flexible strategy and munist Party of Thailand, they are "encirclement and suppression" tactics. They laid traps and mines, concerned for the minority nation• operations and have opened a ambushed enemy troops, harassed alities in the mountainous areas. They number of new theatres of war. the enemy camps and sent the enemy have helped them restore production reeling. They also seized opportuni• From the end of 1970 to early April and improve their livelihood. The ties to annihilate small groups of 1971, the patriotic armed forces and Meo people love and support the

16 Peking Review, No* Communist'Party, of Thailand and. part in various forms. of struggle of people of other. Strata also staged the.liberation army, and enthusiasti• more valiantly than ever. . About struggles of various forms. Even in• cally joined the fighting ranks. This 320,000 of them have participated. dustrialists, squeezed and oppressed brought about an unprecedented de• The Thai working class with a glo• by the U.S.-Japanese monopoly capi• velopment in the people's armed rious militant tradition launched talists, took part in the patriotic forces in northern Thailand and con• widespread struggles, particularly struggle. solidation of the base areas. against oppression and exploita• tion by the U.S.-Japanese mo• The revolutionary struggle of the Surging Mass Movement nopoly capitalists. According to in• Thai people has been violently pound• Inspired by the victories of the complete figures, more than 20,000 ing at the ruling position of the people's armed struggle, the Thai peo• workers staged over 80 strikes in U.S.-Thanom clique. The victory of ple of various strata pushed their 1971. The political consciousness of the people's armed struggle and the fight against the U.S.-Thanom students and youth has been further vigorous development of the mass clique and for independence, de• enhanced. They have waged a wide• movement are inspiring the Thai mocracy and people's rights to a new spread struggle against the U.S.- people to seize still greater victories height. The peasants have taken Thanom clique. Tens of thousands in the coming days.

North Kalimantan Serian Highway. The fighters imme• diately raced to seize a nearby high position and valiantly fought back against the enemy, killing and 'eople's Armed Forces Active wounding a number of them. On October 28, the people's armed forces encircled a puppet security patrol unit in the Sarikei area. After a fierce battle, they killed one and wounded three.

A CTIVE. In wide areas of Sarawak, to initiate attacks, they, killed and Mass Work the North Kalimantan people's wounded many enemies in dozens of armed, forces have grown in strength battles in 1971. In the course of protracted revolu• in the course of struggle. Closely Early last year, the people's armed tionary struggle, the people's armed relying on the people of various na• forces ambushed an enemy patrol forces have done mass work while tionalities, they have engaged in boat on the Katibas River in the fighting. They have thus established armed struggle and repeatedly Third Administrative Division, kill• close relations, like those of fish to smashed enemy "encirclement and ing six and wounding two. In mid- water, with the people of various na• suppression." March, they ambushed an enemy tionalities. The commanders and In 1971, the enemy carried out suc• convoy on the Biawak Highway in fighters of the people's forces often cessive large-scale military "'encircle• the First Administrative Division, go to the areas of the different na• ment and suppression" operations In killing six enemy trocps, wounding tionalities to live and work together Sarawak's First, Second and Third two more and capturing a quantity of with the local people. They treat the Administrative Divisions. Thousands weapons and other military equip• sick, concern themselves with the of troops, policemen and special ment. Early in July, the people's well-being of the masses, and agents supported by artillery, 'air• armed forces ambushed another propagate revolutionary truth among craft and warships were used to enemy convoy on the Serian Highway them. Many people support and pro• attack the people's armed forces. in the same division, destroying two tect the people's armed forces, disre• enemy vehicles and killing nine and garding their own safety and even Fighting Against "Encirclement wounding two enemies. In mid-July, sacrificing their lives. Whenever the And Suppression" they took a heavy toll of an enemy reactionary troops and police come "security forces" unit with mines in on "encirclement and suppression" Steeled in seven years of revolu• the Lundu area in the First Division. operations, the people pass informa• tionary armed struggle, the North tion to the people's forces and give Kalimantan people's armed forces The fighters of the people's armed them all kinds of support so that they were not cowed by the blustering •forces displayed heroism, determina• can know the enemy's movements enemy. With the support of the peo• tion, • wisdom and flexibility in and use flexible tactics to strike the ple of various nationalities, they combat. On the morning of August enemy and win. fought courageously and tenaciously 20, 1971, one unit suddenly clashed against his "encirclement and sup• with an enemy unit in a rubber tree There are many touching stories pression." Seizing every opportunity forest by the side of the Kuching- among" the Sarawak people about

March 17, 1972 17 how the people's armed forces people's armed forces, while the so. as to integrate the universal truth cherish the people and the people enemy was^ preparing to further per• of revolution with the concrete revo• support their army. The reactionary secute him. Now more and more lutionary practice1 of North Kaliman• "Malaysian and Indonesian troops and Dayak youths have joined the peo• tan and bring the revolution to police have resorted to cruel means in ple's forces and become valiant success. their frantic attempts to sever the guerrilla fighters. close links between the Dayak people Growing more powerful day by and the people's armed forces at the day, the people's armed forces are CORRECTION Sarawak border areas in. order to making energetic efforts to further suppress a unit of the people's armed In our last issue, on page 6, line 6 improve their military and political of the fourth, paragraph, left-hand forces there. The enemy tortured a training and closely study the strate• column, for "gifted concept" read Dayak youth named Asin, trying to gy and tactics of people's war, thus "innate idea"; line 1 the same para• extort from him information on how constantly enhancing their combat graph, for "born principles" read "in• nate principles"; line 6 of the third the people protected and supported- capability. Meanwhile, efforts are paragraph, right-hand column, for the people's forces. Asin did not being made to strengthen the political "principle that was universal and just" yield. Later, with the support of and ideological level of the people's read "universal principle of justice." the masses he escaped and joined the forces, by studying Marxism-Leninism

(Continued from p. 4.) to the stability of China's currency ucts, photographs and models of and the steady rise in the people's products of the shipbuilding, food same 1970 period. There was an in• living standards. processing, electronics and machine- crease of more than 20 per cent in building industries. . . , Kiangsi, Kweichaw, Kirin, Heilung- In his speech at the opening cere• kiang, Inner Mongolia and Kwangsl. Danish Government Delegation mony, Minister Jensen expressed the Increases such as these are unusual The Danish Government Delega• hope that the exhibition would since the founding of the Peo- tion led by Erring Jensen, Minister of further the friendly relations of co• . pie's Republic of China in 1949. Commerce of Denmark, made a operation between the two countries One highlight in the rise is the friendship visit to China from Febru• and peoples of Denmark and China. large number of new accounts. For ary 28 to March 7. Minister Jensen Chinese Minister of the First Minis• example, Shanghai added 290,000 in had presided over the opening cere• try of Machme-Building Li . Shui- 1971, Peking 150,000 and Tientsin mony of the Danish industrial exhibi• ching expressed congratulations at 148,000. Fixed savings deposits tion in Peking. the opening of the exhibition. showed faster increases and account During the delegation's visit in for 80 per cent of all savings de• China, Vice-Premier Li Hsien-nien, posits. WWS BRIEFS Minister of Foreign Trade Pai Deposits of rural people's com• Hsiang-kuo, Vice-Minister of Foreign A Premier Chou En-lai on March 11 munes and commune members in Trade Li Chiang and Vice-Foreign sent a message to Seewoosagur .1971 were 89 per cent higher than Minister Chiao Kuan-hua met and Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of that in 1965, the peak year- before had a friendly conversation with the Mauritius, greeting the 4th anniver• the Great Cultural Revolution. Com• Danish guests. Pai Hsiang-kuo and sary of the independence of Mauri• pared with 1965, collectively-owned Erling Jensen held talks on the tius. deposits by communes, production further development of trade and A The Chinese Government Trade brigades and production teams went navigation between the two coun• Delegation headed by Chou Hua-min, up 109 per cent and individual sav• tries. Vice-Minister of Foreign Trade, end• ings deposits of commune members The opening ceremony of the in• ed its visit to Cuba and left Havana 32 per cent. dustrial exhibition took place in the for home on March 6. During its Increased urban and rural savings capital on March 6. With more than visit, the delegation signed the trade reflect our country's excellent politi• 3,000 square metres of floor space, protocol for 1972 between China and cal and economic situation and testify the exhibition had on display prod• Cuba.

,18 Peking Review-, No. 11 As Seen From Iran

Fight to Defend Petroleum Rights

TRAN is world-famous for petrol- in the world, the refinery has a daily members of the Organization of Pe• eum. Its 227 million tons of crude capacity of handling 430,000 barrels troleum Exporting Countries at a con• oil in 1971 was third highest among of crude and turns out 115 varieties ference in Teheran in February 1971, of oil products. the world's petroleum producing Iran took a firm stand against ex• ploitation by the Western oil monop• countries. From Kharg Island to Abadan, oly bloc and won a preliminary where we got a glimpse of Iran's oil Iran's petroleum centres are mainly victory by securing a 35-cent rise in industry, we could not help thinking in the south. Abadan is a well-known the posted price of petroleum and a of how much of the Iranian workers' petroleum city. On our way there, 5 per cent increase in the tax rate. blood and sweat had gone into it we .saw from the plane Kharg Island, since the first well was drilled there The U.S. "new economic policy" of a crude oil exporting centre, in the in 1908. During our visit to the August 1971 and the subsequent Persian Gulf. Dozens of vessels on Abadan oil refinery, we saw some devaluation of the U.S. dollar, how• the blue sea around the island were photographs taken in the early days ever, has caused a loss of 40 million heading eastward •— tankers of showing how to exploit the oilfields dollars to Iran. In last January's foreign monopoly petroleum com• and drill wells. Countless Iranian talks with representatives of the panies, flying different flags but working people did the back-break• Western oil companies in Geneva, loaded with the same type of cargo, ing labour to lay the big pipelines Iran and other O.P.E.C. members crude oil, all bound for Europe, North from Abadan to Kharg Island. finally succeeded in .forcing the America or Japan. Covered with oil, they erected the Western oil companies to agree to derricks and built embankments by compensate the Persian Gulf oil ex• Kharg is a small 49-square-kilo- moving many tons of rock to the porting countries for their losses nietre Island, but it has become the Gulf. ... In Abadan, our Iranian resulting from the dollar devalua• largest single crude export terminal friends showed us a documentary tion. in the world. There is a petro-chemi- film about construction on Kharg The petroleum issue struggle is not cal plant on the island. To facilitate Island. We saw from the film how confined to the loss caused by the shipment of crude and take in more the workers contributed their ar• devaluation. The oil exporting coun• profits for itself, the Western oil duous labour in pioneering the con• tries are demanding the right, to share consortium built a 135-mile, pipeline struction project. in the exploitation, financing, man• (mcluding a 27-mile double' sub• agement and administration of the marine" line) to carry oil to the small As one can see from the tankers industry and in the profits. The island 24 hours a day. Equipment on coming and going in the harbour, struggle still goes on. the Island. can pump 60,000 tons of foreign monopoly capital takes away crude an hour into tankers anchored the major part of Iran's oil. The After decades of effort, Iran has in the port. Tankers of the 500,000- production cost of one barrel of oil now trained her own technical per• ton class plan to come close inshore is only 28.5 U.S. cents. But the sonnel in oil production and exploi• in the near future. market price is ten dollars and 74 tation. The Iranian people hope that cents, of which Iran receives a mere Iran will tap her own resources by It takes only 15 minutes by air to 85 cents! herself in future. During our visit, Abadan from Kharg. We were an Iranian friend who worked at quickly over the city which was just Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Abadan for a long time told us how a fishing village before oil was found Iran, has pointed out: "Oil is an ex• a foreign oil company sent' him to in Iran. Today Abadan has a popula• ample of the injustice done to the study in a European country. He tion of 400,000. developing nations by advanced said that he still was indignant at countries." He also said, "Our big• Abadan has a well-deserved rep• some foreigners" arrogant and gest aim and ideal is to tap and sell utation as an oil city. Tanks, pipe• unreasonable attitudes towards our oil ourselves." lines and refinery towers are every• Iranians when he was there. Iranian where. As soon as we entered the The Iranian Government and peo• friends told us they wanted to con• city proper, we caught the strong ple are fighting to defend their tinue their efforts to free Iran com• smell of oil. There is a large oil national economic interests. Iran pletely from control by foreign oil refinery and a well-equipped petro• founded the National Iranian Oil companies. chemical plant. One of the largest Company in 1951. With the other (Hsirihua correspondentsj

March 17, 1972 19. headed by Deputy President. and ROUND THE WORLD Minister of Southern Affairs Abel Alier and representatives from south• ern Sudan.

AFRICA will undoubtedly stimulate solidarity President Nimeri pointed out that among the people of Africa, he said. the agreement "is a great and his• First All-Africa Trade Fair torical victory of the Sudanese people He stressed: "The primary lesson The First All-Africa Trade Fan- which helps to maintain the unity of learnt is that political independence sponsored by the Organization of the people and the integrity of the is insecure without matching eco• African Unity (O.A.U.) closed in land of our country." nomic advancement and self-suffi• Nairobi, capital of Kenya, at mid• ciency. This advancement has to be He stressed that the Addis Ababa night March 5. More than 30 African based on our own efforts, our own accord was a victory not only for the countries participated in the fair. resources •— in short, on the basis of Sudan but for the whole of Africa About 150,000 people visited the self-reliance." because there was not a single Afri• fair. Trade negotiations between can state that had not suffered what During the fair, ministers and gov• companies and at government level the Sudan had suffered as the result ernment representatives from 34 were held and many trade agree• of colonialist policies and planning. African countries as well as repre• ments and contracts were signed. Sudan's success in resolving this sentatives of some African economic problem was a new achievement that Mauritanian President and current organizations held discussions from reinstated self-confidence in African O.A.U. Chairman Ould Daddah spoke February 28 to March 3 on the states and peoples and in the possi• at the opening ceremony on February strengthening and promotion of eco• bility of achieving political unity in 24. He stressed that the trade fair nomic co-operation and trade rela• spite of distinctive differences, he was not an ordinary event. It helps tions among African countries. They said. to consolidate the O.A.U. which, he adopted a number of recommenda• said, is not solely dedicated to tions, supported the establishment of President Nimeri said, "Enemies of political and decolonization problems an association of African trade pro• the Sudan wanted the southern ques• and the struggle against racial > dis- motion organizations and elected tion to be a dagger ever in its heart." crimination and imperialism, but also some countries to the preparatory He called for vigilance against works for the economic and social committee to draft an association conspirators who wanted to "render development of African countries. constitution. the Addis Ababa agreement only ink He said: "We have always put more on paper." emphasis on political Issues than on others. We have no choice as South SUDAN - The President promulgated a re• Africa stubbornly sticks to her oc• publican decree granting regional Agreement on Peaceful cupation of Namibia, or to her ab• autonomy to the southern part of Solution of Southern horrent system of apartheid." The the Sudan within the framework of Problem President added, "It could . not be national unity. He announced at the otherwise, ... as long as the white Gaafar Mohamed Nimeri, President same time that the Sudanese Gov• minority, with the complicity of the and Prime Minister of the Democratic ernment decided to fix March 3 as British Government, shall continue to Republic of the Sudan, announced at "National Unity Day." oppress our brothers in Rhodesia and a mass rally in Omdurman on March 3 as long as in Mozambique, in Guinea that an agreement had been reached MALAYSIA AND INDONESIA (Bissau,) in Cape Verde Islands, in between the Sudanese Govern• Angola, or elsewhere, Portugal and ment and representatives from the Oppose Soviet Government's for that matter other foreign powers southern part of the country on re• Conspiracy shall continue to deny the African gional autonomy of southern Sudan In collusion with the reactionary people the right to self-determina• within the framework of national Sato government of Japan, the Soviet tion." unity.. Government recently raised the Kenyan Foreign Minister Njoroge The agreement was arrived at absurd idea that the Strait of Malac• Mungai told a press conference on the during recent negotiations in Addis ca should be "internationalized." The closing day that the First All-Africa Ababa, Capital of Ethiopia, between aim is to have a hand in the affairs Trade Fair had been a success. It the Sudanese Government Delegation of the strait and encroach upon the

20 Peking Review, No. 11 sovereignly of the - states on both seas in doing all it can to build up realization,that the Japanese Govern• Sides of; it. , This, conspiracy is naval hegemony in the vast area from ment will actively endeavour to opposed .by the .Governments of the Black Sea, the Mediterranean, the.. normalize the relations... between Malaysia and Indonesia. Red Sea, the Indian Ocean and the Japan and the People's Republic of West Pacific to the Sea of Japan. Of China. •.. A March 3 Kyodo report.said that late, quite a number of Soviet war• when Soviet Ambassador to Japan This "unified view" painstakingly ships have entered the Indian Ocean Troyanovsky called on Japanese Vice- concocted by the Sato government is through the Strait of Malacca and Foreign Minister Iiaruki Mori that essentially a continued spreading of carried out activities which have day he conveyed to the Sato govern• the nonsense that "the status of seriously threatened the security of ment the Soviet Government's posi• Taiwan remains to be determined." all countries in that area. tion regarding the Strait of Malacca It once again reveals that the Sato as an "international strait." Peddling the "internationalization" government is insisting on its reac• of the strait in league with the Jap• tionary stand of being hostile towards The Kyodo report said the Soviet anese reactionaries who claim "the China. Ambassador told Haruki Mori that Strait of Malacca is the lifeline of "the Soviet Union regards it as an in• Taiwan has been part of China's Japan," Soviet revisionist social-im• ternational strait linking the high territory since ancient times. After perialism has now further exposed its seas, through which free navigation World War II, in accordance with the should be allowed." He asked, "What ambition of expansion and aggression. Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam is the opinion of the Japanese Proclamation, Taiwan which had Government?" been occupied by Japan for 50 years SATO AND COMPANY was returned to China. Japan ac• A spokesman of the Foreign 'Min• Clinging to Hostile Stand cepted the stipulations in the Cairo istry of Malaysia reiterated to the Declaration at the time of her sur• press on March 6 that the Strait of Towards China render. However, the Sato govern• Malacca is not an international strait On March 6 the reactionary Sato ment deliberately ignores the fact and that. Malaysia will oppose any government of Japan came up with and alleges instead that "it is not in attempt to "internationalize" it. a so-called "unified view on the a position to speak on the territorial Indonesian Foreign Minister Malik status of Taiwan," viciously alleging status of Taiwan." Obviously the Sato said in Djakarta on March 5 that In• that "the status of Taiwan remains government's sinister design is to donesia cannot agree with the Soviet to be determined." This bares the assert that "the 'territorial status' of view. He said: "The Russians can say ambitions it still has regarding Taiwan remains to be determined." whatever they wish but we have our China's territory Taiwan. It is only present circumstances own view about the Strait of On behalf of the Japanese Govern• which have made it difficult for it Malacca." ment, Japanese Foreign Minister to say so publicly. Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia Takeo .Fukuda announced at the In its "unified view," the Sato issued a joint statement on Novem• Lower House Budget Committee government also stated that in view ber 16, 1971 declaring tripartite joint meeting on the afternoon of March of the fact that "in the United Na• responsibility for the affairs of the 6 the "unified view" which said: tions the Government of the Peo• Strait of Malacca and the Strait of 1, As Japan renounced under the San ple's Republic of China has come to Singapore. The statement clearly Francisco Peace Treaty all right and represent China," "the position taken stated that the two straits are not title to Taiwan, it is not in a position by the Government of the People's Re• international and in order to protect to speak oh the territorial status of public of China that Taiwan is a the interests and rights of the states Taiwan; 2, However, the position territory of the People's Republic of on both sides of the Strait of Malacca, taken by the Government of the China is fully understandable." It it expressed opposition to any plot to People's Republic of China that Tai• turns out that according to the Sato "internationalize" it. wan is a territory of the People's Re• government there is a relationship public of China is fully under• .. It, is no accident that Soviet revi• between China's lawful seats in the sionist social-imperialism is casting a standable, in view particularly of the United Nations and the fact that covetous eye on the Strait of Malac• past circumstances and the fact that "Taiwan is a territory of the ca, the main passage between the In• in the United Nations the Govern• People's Republic of China." In dian Ocean and the South China Sea. ment of the People's Republic of view of this, it is "fully understand- China has come to represent China; In recent years, it has: carried out frantic expansionist activities on the 3,. Therefore, it will be with this (Continued on p. 23.)

March 17, 1972 21 solicit opinions from commune mem• bers and local doctors so as to im• ilUnillHHinnHt!ltll!!ll!illlllllll!III!!1iUIUl!Uillliai!IIHIIIi!IHItIIlllil)ll!HI9i:!ll!illllillllll!l prove their work.

Production of drugs made from Big Advances in afford to buy drugs when they were sick. medicinal herbs and from both herbal Pharmaceutical Industry and Western medicines has gone up According to Chairman Mao's rapidly. Many places have tapped the HINA'S pharmaceutical industry teaching "Maintaining independence rich resources of inexpensive tradi• C has developed rapidly. The na• and keeping the initiative in our own tional crude drugs and made various tion is self-sufficient in all major hands and relying on our own efforts" kinds of medicines which the working drugs for treating and preventing and his other related instructions, the people welcome. diseases, and exports medicines to pharmaceutical industry has made other countries. China is basically tremendous development since the self-sufficient in the chemicals need• founding of New China. A fairly ed for pharmaceutical production. comprehensive system in the'industry Port of Shanghai National output of sulfa drugs, anti• has taken shape which includes biotics, antipyretics, anti-tuberculous scientific research, designing of fac• drugs, hormones, vitamins and med• HE largest in China, the Port of tory construction and technological icines for endemic diseases last year T Shanghai in the lower reaches of processes, manufacture of equipment more than doubled that in 1966 when the Yangtze River is an all-season and production. The amount and the Great Cultural Revolution started. port located half-way up the coast varieties of drugs have increased by Before liberation it was a bridgehead wide margins and prices have been The industry had a very poor from which the imperialists carried repeatedly reduced. On August 1, foundation in pre-liberation days out political, military, economic and 1969 a nationwide all-round medicine with only a few coastal cities having cultural aggression against China. price cut lowered the level by 37 per some factories manufacturing drugs Great changes have taken place here cent. Medicines now are only one- from imported raw materials. Most since liberation thanks to socialist medicines were imported and expen• fifth of what they cost in the early transformations and hard work by sive. The working people could not post-liberation days. Preventive vac• the port workers. cines and drugs for children and some Today's port throbs with activity. orally administered Along the Whangpoo River from contraceptive drugs Woosung at its estuary to Minhang, are supplied free of a rising industrial district, are charge. anchored many freighters designed Big efforts have and made in China as well as foreign been made over the vessels. The docks, are lined with last few years by the new warehouses. Different types of pharmaceutical indus• cranes operate without stopping, - try in studying and while lorries, electric fork lifts and producing drugs need• tractors shuttle on cement roads. ed by the rural areas. Dockers handle cargoes needed for Shanghai has trial- industrial and farm production and produced 100 new articles for daily use which are sent medicines for rural to various parts of China. They also areas during the Great load' export products on to ocean• Cultural Revolution. going freighters sailing to other Unified drug prices countries. have been set through• out the country. The port now is linked with oyer Mountain, rural- and 100 countries and regions. Its cargo remote regions can handling capacity increases yearly get drugs at the same with the development of the national price as in the cities economy. The monthly average of and this helped these cargoes handled by the port in 1971 areas develop their was one and a half times that of a medical and health whole year in the early post-libera• work. Pharmaceutical tion days;, the amount of import and factories often send export goods handled last year rose Workers in Tientsin's Weimin Pharmaceutical Factory investigation groups to more than 200-fold compared with packing 706 plasma substitute, a new type of anti-shock fluid. the countryside to 1951.

22 Peking Review, No, 11 To meet the rapid growth of all the cadres. Many dockers and Established in August that year, the China's industrial and agricultural sailors have become technicians, Lhasa Primary School became Tibet's production and constantly increasing engineers, captains or pilots. Their first school for serfs, slaves and their foreign trade, the port's workers, part in revolution and production has children. cadres and technicians actively car• been an active one. ried out capital construction projects The democratic reform was carried in the port. After being renovated and out in 1959 after the rebellion staged by the reactionary clique of the upper expanded, the dock of the fifth work Education in Tibet zone can accommodate seven 10,000- strata headed by Dalai had been quelled. Various kinds of schools and ton freighters and load or unload INCE last November, 400 workers, political evening schools were set up' them simultaneously. The ninth peasants and soldiers of Tibetan S for the emancipated serfs and slaves work zone — a dock for joint land and other nationalities (many are who were eager to learn to read and- and water transport service situated children of emancipated serfs) from write. By 1965 there was an institute" near Woosung — was waste ground the Tibet Autonomous Region have prior to 1958. Now rail lines go for nationalities, a teachers' school, been enrolled in universities and seven middle schools and 1,970 pri- directly to warehouses and riverside, colleges in Peking, Shensi Province mary schools throughout Tibet. Total- thus enabling more ships to enter the and other places. This is an indica• enrolment was 73,600. port and shortening the berthing tion of the rapid development of period. education in this region under the During the Great Cultural Revolu• guidance of Chairman Mao's revolu• Port workers realize that their job tion the revisionist line pushed by tionary line. is closely comiected with China's so• Liu Shao-chi has been criticized and the emancipated serfs and slaves cialist construction. Consequently, The masses of serfs and slaves lived seized back the power usurped by the they have had continuous new suc• in misery under the reactionary rule class enemy. Education registered cesses. Workers in the seventh work of feudal serfdom before liberation. still greater progress. The number zone accomplished the feat of un• There were only two schools in Tibet of students rose to 83,000 last year. loading 10,000 tons of coal from a which trained ecclesiastical and The Liehmai Commune in Lungtzu collier on the same day it arrived. secular officials for the local reac• County set up a primary school and- The first work zone workers unload• tionary government. Using their its brigades three additional primary ed 22,000 tons of cargoes in 29 and a cultural monopoly and political and schools. The Huitung Middle School half hours, bringing work efficiency economic privileges, the serf-owner in! the Loka-area ran short-term to a new level. class ruthlessly exploited and op• training classes for local cadres and pressed the serfs. An investigation trained .82 primary school teachers The dockers' outlook has under• of five big manors in 1951 revealed and 89 peasant-doctors last year. On_ gone profound changes along with that 95 per cent of 580 working peo• the sparsely populated grassland In' the development of construction at ple were Illiterate. the port. Masters of their own des• northern Tibet, the Hungchi Com• tiny, they have taken an active part In 1952, the second year of Tibet's mune established a mobile school. in port management. There are now liberation, Chairman Mao instructed Teachers make their rounds of the over 800 cadres at different levels the People's Liberation Army station• brigades to give lectures. All school- who were promoted from the ranks ed in Tibet to help the local -people age children in the commune attend of workers, making up two-thirds of develop their economy and culture. school.

(Continued from p. 21.) "the nationalist government [meaning While it was being manufactured, the Chiang Kai-shek gang] is in this "unified view" of the Japanese able" why the Sato government so existence, and the [Japanese] Gov• Government was firmly opposed by feverishly obstructed the restoration ernment has signed a treaty with it Diet members in the opposition par• of the lawful rights of the Peo• in a friendly and calm manner, that ties. Even as Fukuda "explained" to ple's Republic of China in the United is the Japan-China treaty [meaning the opposition parties the content of Nations. the illegal Japan-Chiang treaty]." the "unified view" at the Lower Here Fukuda made it clear that the House Budget Committee Council Answering questions in the Diet painstaking efforts of Sato and com• meeting on March 3, Diet members the same day the Japanese Govern• pany are to "unify" their "views" on in these parties declared on the spot ment came out with the "unified the basis of the reactionary stand of their refusal to accept it and said View," Japanese Foreign Minister "two Chinas" or "one China, one they would hold the Sato government Takeo Fukuda declared once again that Taiwan.". responsible.

March 17, 1972 23 English Language Transmissions (Some of the frequencies listed below are used for summer or winter only. Specific changes will be announced in our broadcasts.)

Peking Time Local Standard Time Metre Bands Kc/s

EAST AND SOUTH 00:00-01:00 18:00-19:00 (Cape Town, Salisbury) 39, 30, 19 7620, 9860,-15095 AFRICA 19:00-20:00 (Dar-es-Salaam) 01:00-02:00 19:00-20:00 (Cape Town, Salisbury) 39, 30, 19 7620, 9860, 15095 20:00-21:00 (Dar-es-Salaam) WEST AND NORTH 03:30-04:30 18:45-19:45 (Monrovia) 31, 30, 25, 19 9440, 9965, 11695, 15030 AFRICA 19:30-20:30 (Accra, Freetown) 20:30-21 ;30 (Lagos) 21:30-22:30 (Cairo) 04:30-05:30 19:45-20:45 (Monrovia) 31, 30, 25, 19 9440, 9965, 11695, 15030 20:30-21:30 (Accra, Freetown) 21:30-22:30 (Lagos) 22:30-23:30 (Cairo) EUROPE 04:30-05:30 21:30-22:30 (London, Stockholm, 47, 45, 39, 33, 25 6270, 6610, 7590, 9030, Paris) 11650 05:30-06:30 22:30-23:30 (London, Stockholm, 45, 33, 25 6610, 9030, 11650 Paris)

NORTH AMERICA 08:00-09:00 19:00-20:00 (E.S.T.) 25, 19, 16 11675, 15060, 17673 (EAST COAST) 09:00-10:00 20:00-21:00 (E.S.T.) 42, 30, 25, 19, 16 7120, 9780, 9972, 12055, 15060, 17715, 17855 10:00-11:00 21:00-22:00 (E.S.T.) 30, 25, 19, 16 9972, 12055, 15060, 17715, 17855 11:00-12:00 22:00-23:00 (E.S.T.) 42, 30 7120, 9780 20:00-21:00 07:00-08:00 (E.S.T.) 31, 25, 19 9480, 11685, 15095 NORTH AMERICA 11:00-12:00 19:00-20:00 (P.S.T.) 42, 31, 30, 25, 19, 7120, 9460, 9780, 11650, (WEST COAST) 16 15060, 15095, 15385, 17735 12:00-13:00 20:00-21:00 (P.S.T.) 31, 25, 19, 16 9460, 11650, 15060, 15095, 15385, 17735 AUSTRALIA AND 16:30-17:30 18:30-19:30 (Aust. S.T.) 25, 19, 16 11600, 11720, 15060, NEW ZEALAND 15435, 17835 20:30-21:30 (N.Z.S.T.) J 17:30-18:30 19:30-20:30 (Aust. S.T.) 25, 19, 16 11600, 11720, 15060, 21:30-22:30 (N.Z.S.T.) 15435, 17835

SOUTHEAST ASIA 20:00-21:00 19:00-20:00 (Western Indonesia, 32, 25, 19 9290, 11650, 15240, Bangkok) 15510 19:30-20:30 (Singapore) 20:00-21 ;00 (Saigon, Manila) 18:30-19:30 (Rangoon) 21:00-22:00 20:00-21:00 (Western Indonesia, 32, 25, 19 9290, 11600, 15240, Bangkok) 15510 20:30-21:30 (Singapore) 21:00-22:00 (Saigon, Manila) 19:30-20:30 (Rangoon) - SOUTH ASIA 22:00-23:00 19:30-20:30 (Delhi, Colombo) 41, 40, 30, 19 7315, 7470, 9860, 15095 19:00-20:00 (West Pakistan) 20:00-21:00 (East Pakistan) 19:40-20:40 (Kathmandu) 23:00-24:00 20:30-21:30 (Delhi, Colombo) 41, 30, 19 7315, 9860, 15095 20:00-21:00 (West Pakistan) 21:00-22:00 (East Pakistan) 20:40-21:40 (Kathmandu) 02:00:03:00 23:30-00:30 (Delhi) 248 1210