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NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 NEWS/CHECK REPORTING ON AFRICA Vol 5 No 15 27 January 1967

10th Floor Unites Building 42 Marshall Street Johannesburg Soulhafrica PO Box 25252 Tel 838-1541 EDITOR Otto Krause ASSISTANT EDITOR Robert Hodgins STAFF WRITERS Robin Briggs Jeffrey Lever Tony Manne Ronold Scott Nicolas Stathakis David Thomas Peter Wilhelm CAPETOWN OFFICE Garth Tomkinson ITel 41-2976) SOUTH AFRICAN WRITERS MPHAHLELE AND RIVE IN PARIS EDITORIAL RESEARCHER Lcfi for the left bank Sue Michel CONTRIBUTING WRITERS UFFICIENT unto themselves. Fringe parties, protest parties, newlook parties, all Roy Barnard Denis Beckett S have come and gone, leaving only the tried and true movements that command Pip Berlyn Denise Bernstein the votes of the electorate. With four more years of seemingly fixed party politics Joanna Booth ahead of the country, the political parties look set for an enervating repetition Joel Gordin Glenn Taylor of old themes and slogans. Southafrica's three parliamentary parties, comfortable Madeleine van Biljon Tony Williams-Short victims of their supporters, are the subject of this issue's COVERSTORY.

PRODUCTION/ADVERTISING 'sobel Gowie Distant musing. In this issue's OUTLOOK, BOOKS Editor Peter Wilhelm discusses Helen Hardy Southafrica's non-while writers. Little known and often admired, they are a ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES: CAPETOWN troubled group who have sought exile from the country which is still the back­ Charles Cameron-Strange drop for much of their work. The OUTLOOK discussion about them is the first in IBox 4511 — Tel 41-1508) DURBAN a series in which Niiws/CHECK will deal with modern writers from Africa. Fred Brewis IBox 3508 — Tel 6-9846) Published by Checkprest (Ply) Ltd The white gevaar? Day after day last week the country's Afrikaans newspapers at 42 Marshall Street Johannesburg published readers' letters on an old Afrikaner sore point: immigration. Most Printed by Dagbreak (H S G) 28 of these writers came out again.st "indiscriminate" immigration. Their measure Height Street Doomfontein Johan­ nesburg was not the character, or lack of it. of individual settlers; it was their nationality, Distributed by Central News Agency cultural and hnguistic background. Most affected by the outcry are the Portu­ Ltd comer Commissioner and Ritsik Streets Johannesburg guese. souTHAFRiCA tclls morc about them. Registered at the GPO OS a newspaper The home fires burning. While UN member states begin their attempts to reor­ YEARLY SUBSCRIPTION RATES Southafrjco, SWA, British Pro­ ganise sanctions against Rhodesia, that country is looking inwards again, at its tectorates and Mozambique; R5.20 own political patterns. AFRICA describes the beginning of a new centre party (surface mail), R7.50 (airmail). Rhodesia, Malawi and Zambia: and of moves within the governing Rhodesian Front for constitutional changes £3.4.0 (airfreight), £9.0.0 (air­ away from the multi-racial system built up around 1960. mail). Britain: £3.4.0 (surface mall), £5.10.0 (airfreight), £9.0.0 (oir- System of change. When customers shop at department stores or supermarkets, mail). United States: $9 (surface mail), it is a simple case of paying cash or obtaining credit—depending on the shop. $29.50 (airfreight), $40 (airmail). Problems arise, however, when the sales staff of these stores want to do some Australia; $A8 (surface maiO, $A39 (airmail). shopping of their own at the shops where they work. Whether they secure credit New Zealand: £3.4.0 (surface or not, the discounts involved make for reams of unwelcome paperwork. As mail), £16.0.0 lairmail). BUSINESS relates this week, OK Bazaars has just begun a novel system to Rates for other countries available on application. overcome these difficulties.

COVERSTORY: PARTIES WITHOUT PURPOSE — P 26 Africa 13 Living 36 Religion 44 Contents Books 47 Science 43 Mining & Finance 24 Guide Business 21 Southafrica 9 Entertainment 38 Newspeople 25 Sport 40 Cover by Dave Marals Letters 48 Outlook 31 World/Check 17

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NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 NEWS/CHECK REPORTING ON AFRICA SOUTHAFRICA THE PRESIDENCY The choice for the top Paying off old debts, honouring old lies, Southafrica last week finally got round to the nomination of candidates for the presidency. With incumbent President Charles Swart bent on laying down his office one year before the expiration of his term, the nation's most honorific office had plenty of contenders. Since the closing months of last year, when President Swarfs wish to retire had become generally known, the office of the presidency had lain wide open to the two main candi­ dates. Finance Minister Eben Donges and Education, Arts and Science Minister Jan de Klerk, with Free Stater and Minister of Water Affairs FUTURE PRESIDENT DoNGES Jim Fouche a close third. Fi}ml countdown Over the top. Gathering on the day crowded parliamentary lobby, the such occasions. For Prime Minister before the opening of parliament, the drawn-out contest for the second John Vorster, on his feet this week caucus of the NP spent over an hour Southafrican presidency. President­ to reply to the Opposition's no-con­ and half behind closed doors balloting elect in all but the formalities of the fidence motion, it was the first full for its choice of presidential candidate. parliamentary electoral college, 68- session as a leader. Foreshadowing the Although the exact result is a secret year-old Eben Donges is a politician session's legislation, the President's known to only the five whips of the whose promotion few objected to. As speech to MPs and Senators mentioned NP. the balloting was said to have gone one of the original team that brought compulsory military training for all first in de Klerk's favour, with Jim the NP to power in 1948 and as,sumed white citizens in the relevant age- Fouche eliminated; then with a marked cabinet responsibility directly after, groups — thus doing away with the switch of Fouche's supporters to Cape Donges in the last few years had been present ballottee system. Further, Swart man Donges, the soft-spoken Minister most marked as a level-headed Finance added a note of warning on the pos­ of Finance just topped the Transvaal's Minister not given overmuch to contro­ sible consequences of failure to resolve de Klerk for the majority of NP versy. On his shoulders sat none of the the Rhodesian issue. His speech, while animus that NP opponents steadily not shirking controversial issues, Senate and House of Assembly votes. directed at men such as de Klerk. tended to concentrate on those that Compromise candidate. So ended, as are safely controversial. NP chief whip J. E. "Pottie" Potgieter Bespoken suit. While Donges was gave the result to newsmen in the the de facto new President for South­ Quiet opening. It was therefore africa (to take office on or just after unmentioned events that promised to May 31 this year), the nomination was provide the meat of the session — not to be uncontested. The United measures to tighten up race classifica­ Party last week announced that it tion, the possible re-introduction of would put up its own candidate for bills affecting multi-racial organisa­ the office: none other than the former tions on university campuses, and the UP Minister of Native Affairs and ex- work of the parliamentary commission Green Point MP Piet van der Byl. The of enquiry into last year's shelved dapper Major had retired from politics Improper Interference Bill. last year, and the UP chose him as its This week, the United Party launch­ own mark of respect to a party stal­ ed its attack on government actions wart. But despite the nomination of with UP leader Sir de Villiers Graaff two candidates, the forthcoming tenure singling out inflation as the most ur­ of President Donges promised to be as gent problem ahead of the country. acceptable to most as his predecessor's. Standing to reply to the motion, PM Vorster contended that no other coun­ PARLIAMENT try in the West had so successfully Hardly a battle royal combatted this difficulty. A potentially For President Charles Swart, as he comfortable — and therefore unusual UP PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE — session lay ahead. (See COVER- VAN DER BYL read his address at the opening of par­ Just a nice guy liament last week, it was the last of STORY) .

NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 job in Parliament were "good, decent, Hamburg's famed Jakob restaurant, people who did their duty as they saw and a weekend visit to West Berlin. and knew it. One can hardly blame Economic Affairs Minister Nic Dieder­ them for the appointment which was ichs had more to do on his three-week made". tour of Europe than play the influen­ * Apart from a report requested by tial tourist. His aim was to reappraise the Marine Diamond Corporation, and the implications for Southafrican trade which dealt with the possibilities of of recent developments in the Common Tsafendas engaging in diamond smugg­ Market. ling, no report was called for from His prime concern was renewed the Southafrican Police about Tsafen­ British efforts to enter the EEC. (Wil­ das, and the commission thus found son was in Europe earlier this week the police not guilty of negligence. for just that reason.) If this happens, Southafrica would lose its Common­ THE CABINET wealth preference of a 10% tariff re­ New man in duction — and at the same time have In his first cabinet changes since he to pay an EEC external tariff of some took office, PM John Vorster this week 25''/c. Faced with its imports from produced few surprises. No heads Southafrica suddenly inflated by 35% rolled, and only one man of non- in price, Britain would hardly remain cabinet rank was brought in. With his the Republic's largest export buying election to the NP candidature for the customer. Presidency, Finance Minister Eben But a more immediate problem rests Donges automatically created a vacancy with the EEC it.self. Its "Europe Vert" in the Cabinet. Just returned from a agreement comes into full operation long tour of European capitals, Nic this month, making all fruit and veget­ PRESIDENT AND MRS SWART AT able prices uniform throughout the PARLIAMENT OPENING Diederichs was appointed in Donges's Weather forecusl: cosy place, giving the former Minister of Market, which is unfortunate for Economic Affairs just two months to Southafrica, one of whose major ex­ ports to the Six is fruit. Under the Official findings settle into the job and get out the budget. To fill the Economic Affairs scheme, member-nations who buy fruit One of John Vorster's first statements Ministry vacated by Diederichs came and vegetables from non-EEC countries after taking office as Prime Minister Jan Haak, and finally to fill Haak's will be penalised by a special levy. last year was the announcement that post as Minister of Planning and of Some ways. These were the two a Commission of Inquiry would delve ines came the new man — South­ main issues Diederichs discussed at into the circumstances surrounding the african Ambassador in London Carel the Paris meeting he convened with assassination of Dr Verwoerd. In the de Wet. Widely tipped for months as the Southafrican ambassadors in the House of Assembly this week, shortly a future new cabinet minister in any six Common Market states. There­ before the traditional no-confidence re-shuffle, de Wet said he was "de­ after, in various European capitals, he debate began, that Commission's lighted" at the news this week. Still suggested measures to dull the pain: report was tabled by Justice Minister to be settled: whether the new minis­ special arrangements with the Six re­ Peet Pelser. It dug deeply into the terial appointee would enter parliament garding fruit and wine exports; and, loaded life of Tsafendas, the assassin, as an MP or a Senator. on a long-term basis, mass diversion of blamed a few for helping to create exports away from EEC nations to the circumstances of the deed, and other countries such as Canada, exonerated others. Some salient points: TRADE Denmark, Switzerland, Austria and * A case file on Tsafendas drifted How to soften the blow Sweden. from government desk to government Despite lunch at the Royal Thames Returning last weekend to South­ desk for nearly a year, "though all Yacht Club near London, dinner at africa — and to the post of Finance the work done during that time could have been done by a senior clerk in about an hour". * Five days before the assassination a deportation order had been signed by the Minister of the Interior, but was never sent to the police for serving on Tsafendas. * The Southafrican passport control officer in Lourenco Marques was neg­ ligent for failing to see that Tsafendas' name was on a "stop" list of people who were undesirable in the Republic. * The commission pointedly recom­ mended a work-study investigation into the organisation and methods of the Department of the Interior. * The Chief Messenger and the two Senior Messengers of the House of ECONOMICS AFFAIRS- DIBDERICHS AND WIFE AT BERLIN WALL A^??JT)bI^ who had given Tsafendas his Others goitiR up le NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 Minister — Diederichs has to leave the tough job of effecting this to new Eco­ nomic Affairs Minister Jan Haak. THE ECONOMY Lx t. * Principles at stake The Department of Planning is clearly having serious doubts about its once- hallowed Economic Development Pro­ gramme. With the publication last week of the nation's third EDP, certain significant points were raised in its preface: * Has the Plan been worthwhile enough to warrant its continuation? * If so, should it not be pubhshed every three or five years instead of every year, as is now the case? PORTUGUESE MARKET GARDENER NEAR JOHANNESBURG * And what about aiming at longer Don't turn il ui> too loud target periods (15/25 years)? investment decision. And they believe was aimed at them. Though only 2^% Should these suggestions be fol­ that any truths the EDP should make of 1964's 40,000 immigrants were Por- lowed, the effect will be to dampen known may be purged on grounds of tuauese, the proportion rose quickly the EDP's impact and authority thai public policy. 10^8% in 1965 and 17% last year. That at present comes from its annual ap­ Let it stay. Still, the general opinion means that in 1966 alone, over 7,000 pearance, and to remove it from the is that, for all its detects, the EDP Catholic Latins .settled in the Republic. commanding position it now holds. must be retainetl, if only for one of They were also the least skilled group, Economists see this as a possible first the most intangible of reasons. Business 8% of them being farmers (compared step in a move to drop the EDP. confidence is a capricious attitude of with 1% for Germans, the next highest The assumption. In spite of the mind. By taking entrepreneurs out of farming group), and 24% artisans. doubts cast by planners themselves on the dark and laying before them a Just like home. Not surprisingly, the EDP, no-one questions the fact neat, if idealistic, plan of the future, such settlers take a long time to inte­ that the Plan can and does serve some the EDP undoubtedly bolsters that con­ grate with Southafrican society. The purpose. Having set the maximum fidence. stable growth rate for the economy, first instinct is to stay protectively to­ As published last week, the latest gether. One vehicle for doing that is it shows what strains this will inflict Plan is no exception. It is both sys­ on all the various sectors. And it en­ the Uniao Cultural Recreativa e Des- tematic and optimistic. The economy's portiva Portugal, a Johannesburg social ables businessmen to see where they growth rate for the period 1966/1967 fit into the total economic structure, club for Portuguese setders. Despite is still considered realistic at 54% secretary Jo.se Pereira's assurances that and to note how factors like raw a year, provided that inflation can be materials, labour and capital will be the club is open to all, it is first and contained without the excessive use of foremost a national club, and Portu- able to keep pace with the progress of monetary controls. Imports should re­ their respective industries over the next main at about R 1.800m, the 1965 five years. "We assume." says one level, while exports climb to Rl,550ni. government economist, "that the The labour shortaae will not be as quality of decision-making and for­ pressing as stated in last year's Plan, ward-planning is improved by this as long as productivity grows at 2.9% extra knowledge." But there is really and the promised slowdown in the no way of finding out if this as.sump- growth of government spending ma­ tion is valid. terialises. Dissatisfaction over the Plan is com­ Such is the shape of the economy's pounded by other more basic problems. growth as outlined by the Plan. Whe­ On the one hand, eovernment depart­ ther business and government take its ments and institutions have built up guidelines to heart is up to them. a resistance to the Plan, and object to being advised how to pattern their HONIBALL ON IMMIGRANTS FUSS growths. On the other, businessmen IMMIGRANTS Don't play it soft on the Sectoral Advisory Committees, The new micirations guesc is spoken almost exclusively. The who are supposed to assist the men In cafes and clubs, on building sites club's flag has its initials superimposed working on the EDP with their estim­ and beetroot patches throughout the on a Portuguese flag, in turn super­ ates, are understandably chary about nation, the month's most heated topic imposed on a Southafrican flag. Even revealing their future plans in the was immigration. While Afrikaners de­ closer to Portugal is a Bree Street, presence of business rivals. Then, too. bated about the threat of being Johannesburg, club where settlers eat there are doubts about the accuracy of "swamped", Italians, Greeks, and Por­ the heavily spiced and .salty hacalhau the methods used in formulating the tuguese wondered about their place in (cod). When they, or their children do targets. Critics of the Plan go even Southafrica's sun. Of all the settlers, eventually integrate, it is with English further. They maintain that business­ the Portuguese felt most threatened: Southafrica. The settlers them.selves men will never take the EDP's implica­ since their numbers are increasing say that this is becau.se English South­ tions into account before making an fastest, the edge of the Afrikaans attack africa is more "cosmopolitan", which fJEW§/gHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 1! makes them feel more at home. Weak welcome. Not all of South- NEWS/CHECK readers are africa's 120,000 Portuguese are new­ comers though. Many, like Manuel Lorenco, who market-gardens forty acres just outside Johannesburg, have been in the country for over fifty perhaps not swots, but years. To both the oldtimers and the new settlers, the fuss about immigration was bewildering. "The people here are not they're pretty learned. very friendly towards us", notes one shopkeeper sombrely. "We work hard and they respect us for that but they From NEWS/GHEGK's readership survey don't really want to be friends. One day I turned on my radio — perhaps (in which 20% of the people who buy a little bit loud — and then the neigh­ bours called the police. They were very NEWS/GHEGK answered our question­ polite and I turned the radio off. But naire), we found that, of those who two days later the neighbours made a replied, 36% completed high school, 9% were at a technical college, and 54^0 WENT TO UNIVERSITY*

UNIAO CULTURAL'S FLAG Scllling down, down, down party with lots of noise but we could say nothing. They just don't like us." .Significantly, the .shopkeeper did not have the confidence to phone the police himself. Not all one way. But other Portu­ guese .Southafricans are more articulate — and tougher — about the Afrikaans Skakelkomitee\ immigration fears. "We have as much to look back on as the Afrikaners", grumbles one second- generation university student. "We knew this continent before they existed. Yet the majority of us living here are prepared to be Southafrican first, Por- tugue.se .second". "We don't beg, we give our best in this country," says a truck driver hurtfully. Such bitterness points up the Skakel- komitee's most odious assumption: the hoary old implication that white -Southafrica belongs mainly to the Afri­ One percent of those who kaners. Some immigrants sen.se this and Io.se confidence in the face of it. But answered the question­ others, and many Afrikaners as well, realise that the country's future lies in naire had simply forgotten another shape. It is a concept under­ scored by economists, who point out where they were educated that the attainment of the goals of last week's Economic Development Pro­ *Only one in every 18 adult white Southafricans is a graduate. gramme is impossible without sustain­ ed, even increased immigration.

12 NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 llllllllllllllllllii!lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll»lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll^ AFRICA ifi-^'/ \^ ; LIBYA IfOTTX TOGO Voices in the dark The coup maker and breaker Nagging opposition to UN sanctions "Men pass and republics remain," ob­ has continued in the US and Britain. served Dahomey's President Christophe Senator Harry F. Byrd has suggested Soglo last week as he visited Lome, to an embarrassed administration that the capital of Togo. There, the Army it ask Britain if it would support an had just deposed Nicolas Grunitsky's application for UN sanctions against government, as General Soglo himself North Vietnam, and in the UK the had sacked Dahomey's politicians a Tory opposition has been accusing PM year ago. Still, though Soglo quickly Harold Wilson of getting himself into got on good terms with his neighbour's a position whereby Russia could veto new army government, he had a kind any future British attempt to call off thought for the man who had passed, as sanctions. Still, the tightening up of well as for the republic. Grunitsky was sanctions continues. The angry Ameri­ whisked out of Lome in Soglo's special cans are disorganised, and Wilson has aircraft. After all, the Dahomeyan denied the Tory charges. leader told the Togolese, "just because In Rhodesia, a small group has the regime has changed we don't need faced with continued discontent in the tried to express its anxiety about the to live like cats and dogs". coastal capital, Grunitsky relegated all or nothing course that events have Soglo's words amounted to a pohte Meatchi to Public Works Minister. But taken. After 3,600 Rhodesians had appeal for calm, for Togo has been this isolated him from support on both signed a petition calling on the govern­ going through a bout of political sides. Then, a fortnight ago, Eyadema ment to implement the Ti^er consti­ bickering since last November. Not and other senior Army officers met tution as a gesture of faith to London, only the Army is involved. The Nov­ Grunitsky for a short conference at the a number of busines.smen and former ember trouble was set off by a quarrel President's official residence. Immedi­ sympathisers of the defunct multi­ between Vice-President Antoine Meat­ ately afterwards, Eyadema spoke over racial parties began the formation of chi, a northerner, and factions of the Lome radio and announced that he had what they called the Reconstruction opposition Unite Togolaise, a southern taken over the government in the name Party. But premature publicity seems party. President Grunitsky, a conserva­ of the Army. Public buildings in the to have led to an embarras.sed collapse. tive southerner, backed Meatchi and capital were quickly surrounded by Wide support was unlikely anyway. was .saved from a UT coup only by troops, and Togo's frontiers with Whiter than white. More significant the 1,500-man Army under 30-year-old Ghana and Dahomey were closed. was unrest among the right-wing of Colonel Etienne Eyadema. UT dissi­ Patrols circulated in Lome's quiet the governing Rhodesian Front. An dents were jailed or fled the country, streets, and the few celebrating unsigned pamphlet was circulated to and LIT members of the government demonstrators were easily dispersed. RF members, criticising PM Ian Smith were dropped. Explaining his coup, Eyadema said for even con.sidering the Tiger propo­ The coup overfloweth. Last month. the Army feared that the growing split sals and for thus neglecting the prin­ ciples on which the party had been founded. The pamphlet advocated that Rhodesia should become a republic without more delay and that the gov­ ernment should take steps to imple­ ment the community development programme, which is mildly segrega­ tionist. The pamphlet was followed by an editorial in this month's issue of the right-wing Rhodesian Property and Finance which said there was no "middle way" between multi-racialism and "an alliance with the tribal leaders on the basis of broadly separate de­ veloping communities within something like a federal sy.stem". The journal urged Smith to stop his "day to day playing off the cuff, more influenced by events than influencing them". On top of this came the news that a right- wing independent will oppose the RF candidate in a Bulawayo by-election next month. But, even if Smith is no longer the all-powerful white Mahdi, he probably still knows how to play the right-wing off the cuff too. NEW TOGO STRONGMAN EYADEMA Sorry, Nick old chap

NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 13 between Meatchi and Grunitsky could with UMHK holdings in thirteen other have led to civil war, and he criticised companies expropriated too. The posi­ the President for appointing politicians tion of the 2,400 Belgians in technical rather than skilled "technocrats" to and managerial posts has still to be government posts. Whether or not this resolved (the Congo refused a week meant that the generally better edu­ ago to let them leave, causing a new cated southerners "should have more say clash with Brussels), but there is a in the government, it was what Eya- chance that UMHK will co-operate in dema put into practice. The National marketing Congolese copper. The new Reconciliation Committee — set up to SGCM may not match UMHK's effi­ govern the country until elections could ciency or profits (R114m in its overall be held and to "put an end to the ir­ international operations in 1965), but regularities and inefficiencies of the Mobutu has ended Belgian financial past" — included UT leaders Alex control of the copper which accounted Mivedor and Oswald Ajavon. Eya- for 70% of Kinshasa's export earnings dema also released UT activists arrested last year. after the November troubles. Grunit­ sky, Meatchi, and the forgotten north were silent. ALGERIA ASSASSINEE KHIDER Whodunit and why Si) wlii/s goi the lolly? CONGO-KINSHASA On Sunday night last week a Madrid a broken wrist. Last weekend a war­ policeman was shot and .seriously A copper kettEe of? the boil rant was i.ssued for the arrest of an wounded after a running gun-battle Algerian who had been in Madrid For a time it seemed that he might with a man believed to be the killer of since December and who paid his hotel go too far. Congolese President Joseph exiled Algerian opposition leader bill on the morning of the murder, then Mobutu nationalised the Belgian-con­ Mohammed Khider. The gunman vanished. trolled Union Miniere du Haut- escaped and the only clue left behind was the shoe of his companion — a But the question remains as to who Katanga at the beginning of this hired the gunman. Many conflicting month, then demanded Rl()7m in pay­ woman with an Arab-style mark on her forehead. Sounding like an Ian tales are being told. Some accuse one ment for Congolese copper and cobalt of the emigre Algerian political groups held by UMHK outside the country. Fleming re-write of Cinderella, this incident was, however, typical of the —each of which regards itself as the His threat was to seize more com­ inheritor of the R9m worth of the panies and property owned by events surrounding the whole Moham­ med Khidcr affair. nationalist FLN party funds depo.sited UMHK's controll ing company, the under Khider's name in a Swiss bank. Sociele Genera'e dc Belgiqiie. I he Amateur detectives at work. Spanish Britain's Sunday Tinws has produced deadline was January 15. But after a police are working on the assumption a motive for every one of them: proof weekend of flurried Belgian diplomatic that the killer was a hired a.ssassin. of a 1965 entente between the Algerian government and Khider which" was cemented by the ex-Nazi chairman of the Arab Commercial Bank. Maitre Genoud (who according to the Sunday Times would have received 48% of the "mis.sing" FLN funds). The alliance fell through when Ahmed Ben Bella was deposed by Houari Boumedienne. But the idea could have been raised again, it was said, since Khider was more favourably disposed towards Boumedienne than towards Ben Bella. Other sources, however, point out that the Algerian exiles yearned for Khider's funds rather than for his loyalty and they would have drawn no cash by having him killed. More relevant is the proof uncovered last week that, two weeks before he was murdered on January 3, Khider had given the assurance that if all the rival exile groups could unite, he would UN:ON MINIEEK SUBSIDIARY: JADOTVILLE ZINC PROCESSING PLANT come out in open support of them. As Unlucky tliirteen head of a united opposition front, with activity and long Congolese cabinet They point to the precise, clinical the finance to make a threat to the meetings in capital Kinshasa, Mobutu's manner in which the murder was Algerian government more real, he government agreed to submit the issue accomplished —a post-mortem showed would be a worth-while corpse for to international arbitration. that a bullet shattered Khider's gun- Boumedienne. In the meantime, UMHK's Congo installations are v.rist and the murderer must have been Spanish police are having enough now firmly under Kinshasa's Societe professiona enough to know that a trouble trying to find the actual killer, Generale Congolaise des Minerais, dving man can fire a shot, but not with let alone his employers.

14 NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 GHANA dustrialisation in the present small national markets for at least fifteen Spilling the beans years. Thus Gardiner is trying to have Thanks to information received from the siting of new plants organised by a former worker's brigade officer, the ECA to sell their products in neigh­ Ghanaian authorities this week arrested bouring countries or in whole sub- the ringleaders of an alleged plot to regions. "The market, if properly liquidate members of the ruling utiUsed, is sufficient to support most National Liberation Council. All the modern industry," he told the con­ aspiring rebels were members of the ference. The results may not be seen dissolved Kwame Nkrumah ideological until long after the delegates return Institute. to their home countries. But the ECA, which has suffered in the past from INVESTMENT being predominantly African in per­ sonnel and scope, has staked its claim Capital ideas for a voice in both cabinet and board­ Manufacturing accounts for only 9'7f room. of Africa's total production. In West Africa the figure is as low as 4%. Yet according to Robert Gardiner, the UGANDA Ghanaian executive secretary of the Doctor in trouble UN's Economic Commission for In a Uganda court last week, parlia­ Africa (the ECA), the continent is UN'S ROBERT GARDINER mentary back-bencher and professional now moving into a second stage in its rhcrc is a tide in ihe affairs . . . lawyer Abu Mayanha claimed that the economic life: that of building modern tries and India, and several African regulations under which his client, the industries. The first stage, he told an cabinet ministers involved with indus- former Baganda sub-chief Michael ECA investment conference in Addis Iriali.salion and commerce. The con- Matovu, had been detained were not Ababa last week, the stage of export­ t'ercnce dealt with the development of legally binding since they had been ing raw materials and goods, "is vir­ specifically African firms, proposals imposed after an illegal revolution. In tually over". for partnerships between African gov­ reply, Ugandan Attorney-General God­ But Gardiner's changeover will not ernments, the ECA and developed frey Binaisa asserted that a revolution come overnight. Foreign aid is tending countries, and the sore point of in­ was an internationally recognised to decline, and Africans themselves vestment guarantees. means of bringing about a change in have not generated enough capital to Some margins are more marginal government and that "the new consti­ make any striking impact on the rate than others. This issue rises from the tution is happily accepted by every­ of industriali.sation. Foreign private political and economic uncertainty that body in Uganda". investment fluctuates: there was a net investors face in Africa. Currency Popular rule by force. Binaisa was outflow of British private capital from difficulties and the fear of expropria­ indulging in some wishful thinking. Africa, apart from .Southafrica, in 1963 tion sometimes lead businessmen to Ever since he chased out Uganda's and 1964, the last two years for which look for twice their normal profits be­ President Sir Frederick Mutesa (the figures are available. fore committing capital. British profits, Kabaka of Buganda) last May and Suspects acquitted. The availability for example, have been good, so the himself assumed the presidency, ex- of money is not the only influential net withdrawal in 1963/4 seems to have factor. The director of a US-backed been caused by the non-commercial financial organisation, Gardiner re­ risks. Under the aegis of the World vealed afterwards, told the Addis con­ Bank, however, agreements are being ference that "in certain African coun­ reached for the settlement of inter­ tries millions of dollars were lying idle national investment disputes and for for want of entrepreneurs and mana­ the possible establishment of an in­ gerial and technical skill". Thus Gar­ vestment insurance scheme, which diner's ECA, which for its first two should help the work of the ECA in years made preparatory studies of the attracting foreign capital. scope for investment and development The foundation of Gardiner's plans in Africa, is now turning to positive for this is a system of sub-regions — organisation to deal with the prob­ north, east, west and central Africa — lems. Foreign companies may be which was oppo.sed at the conference viewed with suspicion by many Afri­ by Luc Durand-Reville, representing cans wary of "neo-colonialism", but the OECD (a European and North Gardiner is keen to increase their par­ American inter-govermental develop­ ticipation. Besides training African ment body). Durand-Reville asserted managers and staff, they maintain the that initiatives for regional co-opera­ discipline of making businesses pay, an tion should be taken by African gov­ idea sometimes lost under government- ernments and criticised this "multipli­ sponsored development. cation of bodies". But regional co­ Thus, to discuss the problems of operation between governments has attracting foreign firms and of locating made little headway against the new their installations, Gardiner last week slates' chauvinism, while ECA invest­ assembled delegates from the US, ment studies estimate that there will be little or no scope for efficient in­ ANTIOBOTITE KIVVANUKA Western and Eastern European coun- I imc and ilic voters tyring ilicir n-vcnf;c

NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 15 tended for a further six months. But its validity is being challenged — for example by the plaintiff in last week's court case—and that Kiwanuka can so bluntly speak out and yet not be ar­ rested indicates Obote's tenuous hold on the country. Obote's advisers realise that arbi­ trary rule must continue, as the politi­ cal strength of many of the detained men is great, but they are urging him not to do anything which might weaken what support he still has in the country. They have, for instance, insisted that he take no official steps to depose the Kabaka who, although in exile, is still officially King of Buganda. Sir Edward's elder brother, the illegitimate Prince George Mu- wanga, has signified his willingness to replace Mutesa. But this would entail an open clash with the F.ukiiko, Buganda's own parliament. What Obote and his allies are hoping to in­ HOUGH SET in Haiti, Graham Gi-j.ic ^ novel The Comedians is being troduce is a new constitution with T filmed in Dahomey. It deals with the voodoo that black slaves brought from enough safeguards to enable the state West Africa, and perhaps the producers thought Dahomey might be friendlier of emergency to be lifted (perhaps than Haiti. Stars itichard Burton (left) and Elizabeth Taylor (right) probably a preventive detention act) which will agreed when welcomed by President Christophe Soglo (centre) last week. stand the test both of time and of chal­ lenge in the courts. Premier JVlillon Obote has been in an position for both Uganda and Obote. uncomfortable position. His prestige The Army is dominated by Nilotic FOREIGN RELATIONS has dropped to the extent that he can northerners (one reason for that is that Swinging over no longer rely on popular support: if in colonial days the British demanded "Certain decisions" would be taken to he wishes to be sure of remaining in a minimum height of 5ft Sin for army help the US maintain "the interests of power he may postpone the general recruits) and there is a long tradition imperialism", fulminated the Algerian elections which the constitution re­ of dislike and suspicion between the newspaper El Moiijahd last week after quires within the next three months. northerners and the Baganda, intensi­ the news that American diplomats in Buganda, which has 21 out of the 80 fied by the brutal manner in which the Africa were to confer in Tangiers, seats in parliament is almost solidly soldiers subdued Buganda during the Morocco. Radical youths in Mali, against the modernising Dr Obote, "seven days in May" last year. Clearly however, were less disturbed by US principally because he deposed its the army would be unable to rule the infiltration last week as they cheered revered leader. Besides this, Obote's country in the name of national unity. the American Handy Weston jazz own Uganda People's Congress is in Yet there remains the ominous possi­ sextet in capital Bamako. Even with danger of falling apart — many mem­ bility that, having enjoyed its un- US diplomats present. bers are still disenchanted with the way tethered rampage in Buganda, it might turn on the central government. Only in which Obote thwarted a coup last NIGERIA February by jailing five cabinet minis­ with difficulty did Obote maintain con­ ters (including Grace Ibingira, Minister trol over it last May and even now Awakened by the wake of Justice and secretary-general of the there are constant reports of insub­ Nigerian leaders mourned their dead party). Even in Lango, Obote's own ordination, particularly from troops leaders last week, a year after the Army tribal area, the UPC is divided into two stationed in the south. revolution which ended the politicians' factions, one of which is against him. When the emergency goes. But for federal government. The North and And among the cabinet. Planning the moment, Obote's rivals are among West nursed their grievances again.st Minister John Kakonge is a radical the politicians. While the parlia­ the East for the killing of their prime politician who could well rally dissi­ mentary debate was going on last ministers, while the East felt freshly dent elements if Obote were to stumble. November over whether the state of irked by the publication of a booklet On top of this, Benedict Kiwanuka's emergency should be extended, the by the present central government in opposition Democratic Party is work­ Democratic Party's Kiwanuka told Lagos. The booklet alleged, probabi' ing hard to take advantage of UPC MPs: "The power resides in the voters rightly, that Army officers, "mainly disarray. to return you to parliament for another from the Ibo ethnic group of the East­ In the face of such popular dissent, term or to reject you. Any manoeuvres ern region" had since 1964 planned a Obote has had to rely on the Army to on your part to try and snatch the revolt which they carried out in Jan­ enforce the arbitrary emergency powers power from them will be the equiva­ uary last year. The East, however, was which he introduced after the May lent of a declaration of war on them thinking more of Major-Gen John revolution and under which his most by you." The voters may not get the Ironsi, killed by Northerners last July, powerful political enemies such as opportunity to have their say so soon, whose body was flown home for burial in the East last week. Ibingira are jailed. It is an uneasy and the state of emergency was ex­

16 NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 European". Said he sombrely at WORLD/CHECK Strasbourg, just before going to Paris: "If we fail ... the fault will not lie at BRITAIN of personal charisma, which often Britain's door." What Jo did enabled Grimond to conceal his radi­ The tall figure with the distinguished calism, may let the Liberals in for THEATRE shock of hair will be seen with less another lean spell. Facing Facts frequency on British television screens The four acts take place in total dark­ or sprawled across the benches of the WESTERN EUROPE ness. The only sounds are occasional House of Commons. Jo Grimond, Perfidious Albion tries again mutterings of vulgar slang typical of the only Liberal Party MP that most Pressures on both sides of the English Chicago stockyards and occasional Britons know today, resigned as its Channel for Britain's entry into the grunts which culminate in a yell of parliamentary leader last week. European Common Market are anguish. The audience is told that an When Scotsman Grimond took stronger today than at the time of the Asiatic sow has been captured, beaten over from the ageing Clement Davies Conseivative eovernmenl's abortive and finally slaughtered bv a peace in 1956, the party was moribund. But his thoughtful manner and the pubhc's boredom in the early Sixties with the two major parties did combine to boost the Liberal MPs from six in 1959 to twelve last year. Still, what Grimond wanted was to lead the moderate left of British politics. When his party failed to capture working-class Labour seats whose voters distrusted the middle-class Liberals, and Labour's 1964 victory rejuvenated the Socialists, Grimond's bid for a radical Lib/ Lab alliance was fruidess. His failure to participate in government was a main reason for his resignation, though what he declared publicly was that he wished to make way for a younger man and have more time to think about Britain's economic situation and its links with Europe. His successor, GEKMAN CH.ii\LJiLLOK KIESI\GER MEETS PRLSlDtNT DE GAULLE 37-year-old Eton and Oxford graduate The ja's and the si's versus one loud non Jeremy Thorpe, is unlikely to unite the left on Liberal terms either. He application for membership in 1963. group from the University of Cali­ has often shown himself to be more As Labour PM Harold Wilson came fornia. This is intended as a symbol radical than Grimond, as in his round to approval of the move since of the attacks on North Vietnam by championship of the Anti-Apartheid he won power, he has edged aside anti- US armed forces. movement and his suggestion that Bri­ EEC members of his government and Atoms — dramatic? This play, tain should bomb Rhodesian supply given more influence to pro-Europe Yankee Go Home, produced by routes. His outspokenness and his lack men. Britain's responsibilities to its London's New Little Theatre Group old Commonwealth trading partners, this month, is an example of Theatre moreover, are seen as less pressing. of Fact. Several plays in this genre are Nigeria is already an associate mem­ showing at present in the US and ber of the EEC, East Africa is nego­ Britain. Like most categories which tiating with it, and Southafrica is seek­ critics apply to art, the label is im­ ing better trade with the Continent precise; Theatre of Fact plays differ which might at some time in the future from each other as much as from other lead to formal ties. theatre. But they have two elements Capital news. Britain's attempt to in common: the dramatists have been get out of its limbo between the US. inspired by historical or contemporary the Commonwealth and Europe re­ events, and try to awaken their audi­ ceived support from EEC members ences to social injustices. last week. After meeting de Gaulle, None of these qualities is new in Kiesinger said in the Bundestag that drama. Many playwrights, from Shaw he had told the French leader that to Brecht, have tried to bring a social "Britain's entry was in line with Ger­ awareness to their audiences, and have many's economic interests". And in weaved their plays around real events. Rome last week Wilson was given a But whereas they used such happenings firm pledge of support by Italian PM rather as starting points for their Aldo Moro. imagination, many Theatre of Fact With this general glad hand held out writers stick to the close narration of to him, Wilson this week talked events. The deadpan retailing of events, tougher than usually to de Gaulle, who however, often fails to come over suc­ LIBS GEIMOND (RIGHT) Running dry out in the wilderness still holds that Britain is not "truly cessfully as drama, such as the hearing

NEV/S/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 i7 lield by the US Atomic Energy Com­ Defence Minister Lin Piao and cul­ AdverllsemenT mission in 1954 to investigate the tural revolution chief Chen Po-ta. And NO MILK FOR THAT ULCER alleged Communist associations of he continued to purge party officials New therapy that dispenses atom scientist Robert Oppenheimer, on whose blood he did not regard as red which German dramatist Heinar Kipp- enough, among them Ho Lung, a with strict dieting hardt based his In The Matter of J. veteran of Mao's pre-1948 campaigns. If a boiled fish and milk diet could Robert Oppenheimer (still running in But Mao has not yet succeeded in dis­ cure a stomach ulcer, there would London this week). Much of the evi­ lodging head of state Liu Shao-chi now be no ulcers... yet on such a diet dence brought forward was irrelevant and party secretary-general Teng many sufferers find little or no im­ to the inquiry, and appears even more Hsiao-ping, who both wield consider­ provement. The relief of stomach irrelevant on the stage. There are other able power in the party. For the same ulcers must be sought in other direc­ events, however, which make excellent reason he has not moved against tions. Pioneering a new school of drama, like the testimonies given at the Premier Chou En-lai, who has iden­ thought is a Soudi African pharma­ 1964/65 trial of Auschwitz war crimin­ tified himself with the Maoists but ceutical laboratory which has de­ als, which German Peter Weiss follows consistently opposed interference by veloped a treatment for the relief of closely in his latest play The Investiga­ the Red Guards in China's economy. stomach ulcers which involves no tion. To the soil. In the rest of China dieting whatever. Contrary to the Oswald's nib. Some Theatre of Fact the position of Mao and his supporters generally accepted theory that a dramatists draw on real events only was even less secure. Although the stomach ulcer is caused by an excess minimally or partially. For instance, amount of actual fighting has been of hydrochloric acid, these research­ half of US, another play about Viet­ small and the revolt of the city councils ers believe ulcers are caused by a nam, is a conversation between a girl of Nanking and Shanghai early this bodily deficiency. A few years ago and a man who has determined to month was quickly crushed by Red .people believed diabetes was due to commit suicide in protest against the Guards, workers in these and other the body manufacturing too much war. Britisher Michael Hastings relies big cities still refused to fall in line. sugar. Now we know it is the result of more on fact in his The Silence of Lee Clashes occurred in country villages a lack of insulin. There are many Harvey Oswald, quoting directly from too, as Red Guards began to obey other analogies. evidence gathered by the Warren Com­ Mao's directive to carry the cultural The answer to an ulcer, they believe, mission and from Oswald's own revolution from factories to farms, and is to be found in plenty of good food. writings. Like the facts in Oppen- in doing so met .stiff opposition from Their patients, all sufferers from heinier, these are not dramatic. When peasants. Even in the Army, which chronic ulcers, are recommended red, juicy steaks, fresh, wholesome food - a rich protein-full diet - in fact, the exact opposite to the familiar restric­ ted diet of the past. Obviously the De-Nol treatment for stomach ulcers -for that is what it is called - involves more than good food. De-Nol itself is a medicine which forms a tenacious and impenetrable coagulum over the ulcer surface by means of a chemical reaction which occurs immediately the medicine reaches the ulcer site. The coagulum protects the ulcer from the irritating action of the gas­ tric juices and other aggravating factors, and thus protection is pro­ gressively maintained dming treat­ ment. Within a few days, as a rule, the condition is completely relieved. What results has De-Nol achieved? Clinical records reveal that the majority of cases treated during recent years have experienced per­ CHINESE POSTER WAR: DOWN WITH THE REACTIONARIES! manent relief. Letters from medical Tlic great wail of China men, nurses and thankful laymen, Hastings imaginatively creates scenes Mao is relying on to put down dissi- expressed their gratitude and testified of the Oswalds' married life, his play dence in the Communist Party, many to the success of De-Nol. Successful takes on tension and interest. But in officers are baulking at the committee clinical tests have been carried out so far as they are pure documentaries, formed to convey the cultural revolu­ with De-Nol by many world-famous future Fact plays seem likely to interest tion to their troops. Although wall hospitals and infirmaries. only the politically minded. posters in Chinese cities are unreliable You can get the De-Nol treatment as news sources, the poster displayed from your chemist at R7.00. For in Peking by an anti-Mao group in the informative literature, write to COMMUNIST CHINA Navy last weekend, claiming that Lin De-Nol Laboratories, Evette House, All shook up Piao described China as being in the 238 Jeppe Street (Cor. Mooi Street), Mao Tsc-tung was still retaining his clutch of civil war, contained an ele­ Johannesburg, P.O. Box 4857, Tel.: shaky hold on China last week. In ment of truth. The Defence Minister 22-1171/2. Free consultation by Peking, at the peak of the Communi.st merely corrected the phrase to "total appointment. Partyhierarchy, he was supported by internal struggle".

18 NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 THE WORLD IN VIEW

HREE INTERNATIONAL matches livened T Europe's winter rugby season this month. Two weeks ago, blue-jerseyed Scottish forwards (right) dominated France to score a surprise 9-8 win in Paris. The touring Australians first swamped England 23-11 but then, last weekend, lost 15-8 to a fast Irish XV in Dublin. The French team will also visit Southafrica in the middle of this year.

SUALLY SUBDUED, the women U in Monokklessia, north-central Greece, assert themselves for one day every January. Men do the housework while the women elect their own mayor, stage mock takeovers of men's jobs (left) and make merry in the village tavern at night. The custom dates back to when their an­ cestors migrated from Eastern Thrace.

pERHAPS AIMING at the woman in the street, Paris couturier ITH invasion feared, many workers in North •1 Jacques Esterel a fortnight ago sent his models out with placards W Vietnam's capital. Hanoi, train in new militia proclaiming Long live the fringe. Mannequins to power and Knees detachments. Above, employees of the Le-Cuong are here to stay. Mo.st interested watchers though, were men. Printing House practise manoeuvres across roofs.

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20 NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 failed. Thus, bad business conditions BUSINESS alone could not have caused the clo­ sure, and the answer must be sought STEEL considerable part. in international pressures rather than Concerted export drives Two sides at least. In the last six economics. years Afamal Rhodesia has seen its Largely as a result of its nationahstic performance slow down. Dissatisfaction origins, the Southafrican steel indus­ with management, suggest admen, led ELECTRONICS try has far too long looked inwards, to valuable accounts being lo.st and And now: transistors to supplying the internal market and worthwhile staff drifting away to other Even the Board of Trade & Indus­ to self-sufficiency. The attractions of agencies. The result was that, even the low-low price of its output have tries must have been overwhelmed by headed by Harry Wilkinson, who as the speed of it, despite its having made seldom been touted abroad, and what present manager is considered "highly steel did some years ago get shipped the suggestion in the first place some capable" by his associates, Afamal months back. Last week, in quick overseas was later again swallowed up slipped from being one of Rhodesia's by the boom. Steel export was seem­ •succession, first Siemens SA, then SA foremost ad agencies to the point Philips, and then Standard Telephones ingly for the birds. Yet things are where today it holds only about 8% changing. & Cables announced that they would of the market and employs a meagre manufacture commercial transistors Three export projects, publicised five-man staff. Being small, it has (for radio use) in Southafrica. At this fortnight, should help improve the been unable to withstand the drop in present a modicum of local produc­ position considerably: Rhodesian ad expenditure that came tion is being carried out by STC. In * Starting early next month, the Steel with import control, petrol rations, etc. 1966 it produced 200,000 high-grade and Engineering Industries Federation Latest figures (for the period July/ transistors (for use in aeronautics and of Southafrica will co-operate with the SA Foreign Trade Organisation to probe export. Already, nine powerful foundry companies from SEIFSA are participating, and others will join next week. * Starting this year. Union .Steel Cor­ poration (USCO) will expand its marketing division to crack the special steel export market. Its special steels at R500 a ton undercut US (R 1.000 a ton), French. German and Japanese prices. * Soon Middelburg's Southern Cross Steel goes into operation. Fully ,50% of its 10.000 tons output of stainless steel will be exported to the US bv way of its parent company. US-based Eastern Stainless Steel. ADVERTISING Shutdown in Salisbury One dav next week, after 25 years in business. Afamal Advertising (Rho­ desia) will close its ultramodern offices in Salisbury for the last time. With that, all of its accounts—from Bar­ ATTACHING TRANSISTOR WIRES BY HEAT COMPRESSION clays Bank to Haic Whiskv to the The spotless decision National Tourist Board—will be re- September) show 1966 TV ads down telecommunications) at its Boksburg linnuished. 30% on 1965, and Press advertising factory. But all commercial transis­ The move, announced onlv in mid- down a large 41%. tors and 73% of the high-grade units December, came as suddenly and deci­ And again. The political aspect of must still be imported. sively as a copywriter's inspiration, and the move is less clear. It appears that Dust bugs. What have kept imports has left the southern African ad world Interpublic, the mammoth US adver­ high and the prospect of a local indus­ seething with speculation. (When the tising complex which owns Afamal, try low are the many and varied com­ news fir.st broke, rumour had it that decided to close its Rhodesian office plexities involved in transistor manu­ Afamal Rhodesia had been drooped within weeks of the UN imposing facture. The manufacturing process by its biggest client. Central African mandatory sanctions. This could itself is exceedingly delicate. It begins Airwavs, whose account came to have been pure coincidence. But there with thin silicon strips containing 1,500 R 150.000 a year. Rut the story was remains the puzzle of Wilkinson's transistor nuclei per | sq in. This is soon discounted.) Now. with the sur­ action in refusing a transfer to Afamal, diced up and separated under large- prise past, cooler thou^Thts have been Johannesburg. He has chosen to re­ capacity microscopes, using automatic voiced. Some admen hold that poli­ main on in Salisbury, where he is tools. Then, again under microscope, tics is behind the closedown: others believed to be opening an agency of each tran

NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 21 this works out to a rate of 209^. is calculated from the amount of OK All this poses the question of why money bought by each staff member. such an indu.stry should be supported This is then deducted from his or her to serve .so small a market? It may salary. well be for strategic reasons, with the Quick to lead. The result is an Defence Department holding big tran­ enormous .saving in time and paper as sistor contracts (running to 50,000 only one invoice need be made out units a year) with STC. One Siemens for each employee each month, and executive adds: "There comes a point not dozens as was the case before. As where you stop weighing economics yet the system is still too new for the and have to make a decision." But. OK to determine any ei'ficiency figures, for their part, the firms who decided but group accountant Cyril Atkinson last week to enter local production of is convinced that tb; savings will be transistors are doing .so not entirely considerable. Tiie .me loophole in its for national reasons. Making them promise of succe^.;. however, is the is the first step towards the manufac­ threat of forgery. To prevent this, ture of integrated circuits, which is a many .safeguards h;'.vc been arranged: whopping business in the US and is all the notes are watermarked and expected to give a big boost to the numbered in the best r.vnting tradi­ industry in Southafrica within three tion, and can only be used on presen­ years. tation of an OK identity card. Still, the idea is not altogether new MONEYS to the Republic. The Greatcrmans A paradox in colour SPECTROMETER TESTS TRANSISTOR SEALING Its Rl and R5 notes may look like Nuriiiriitg (I mustard seed something from a Monopoly .set, but OK Bazaars is not playing any games this is sealed and encapsulated, then with the R300.000 worth of private sent to be graded and te.sted. Testing currency it introduced into its organi­ serves to ascertain whether workers sation this month to simplify the staff- were successful in keeping tiny im­ buying sy.stem. OK's 15,000 employees purities out of the transistor. This they now use the brightly-coloured notes do by donning clean white dustcoats and plastic coins to make their own and shoe covers before entering the purcha.ses at the store, thus largely air-conditioned transition room and. eliminating the administrative difficul­ from there, the production rooms. An ties encountered in the past. Es.sen- electronic warning system ensures that tially a cash-only business, the OK no two doors can be opened at the had lone been hampered by the time- same time, lest the pure air in the consuming accounting work that came production rooms be invaded by a with granting credit to staff. Several speck of outside dust. Such finicky wavs of streamlining the system — considerations neces.sitate equipment mainly variations of the Buying Card that is highly elaborate and often very idea, as used by credit stores like costly. STC's small plant, as an Edgars and Woolworths — were tried. example, represents an investment of But none proved ideally suitable. Then, . . . .\ND OK PAPER •MONEY' some R250.000. But expense takes on six months ago. the company started . . . iiitentally oidy another form too. Equipment is sub­ research in a completely new direc­ group, which includes Checkers — ject to a particularly high degree of tion, the aim being to place staff-buy­ .Southafrica's other major cash-and- technological development. Improve­ ing on a cash basis while still giving carry chain store — has had a limited ments in technique occur regularly, credit and discounts. Paradoxical as hou.se currency sy.stem for its head- making obsolescence a costly reality. this sounds, it works. Employees can office staff in operation for nine years. Little free-play here. Then there is "buy" the new house money on credit, And last week Greatermans executive the question of markets. Southafrican and use it for cash purchases at any vice-president Hans Saenger said he demand for commercial transistors is OK outlet. At month's end. discount is considering extending the scheme to so small (about 3m last year)—and all staff members. Perhaps, in the wake for high-grade transistors even smaller of the OK's rainbow money (cents are —that production runs will be far too pink, rand notes red. fives blue). short to effect any significant econo­ Checkers cheques and Greatermans mies in unit costs, so failing to make groats may soon be crossing all coun­ SA transistors competitive with im­ ters too. ported units. Well aware of this, both Siemens and Philins have applied for tariff protection. If they are success­ SERVICES ful, and in view of the government's "Where to put it" avowed policy of economic self-suffi­ Sophisticated business begets sophisti­ ciency this seems likely, it will mean cated business methods. In time the an extra 10c slapped on to the price new techniques become a necessity— of all the imported transistors. At an and this is the basis of the growth of average price of 50c for a transistor. OK -COINAGE' To he taken . the management consultancy business

22 NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 in Southafrica in recent years. It has But this slender slice is assured of also shown up .several gaps. a hefly growth. On the one hand, For instance, busines.smen have neg­ there are industrial centres like Springs, lected the very difficult matter of Bellvilie, Pinetown and Colenso that site location. All too often their constantly tempt entrepreneurs to re­ choice of position for a factory or shop locate by offering them cut rates and has been dictated more by whim, im­ cheap facilities. On the other, there pulse or dogma than by genuine know- are the government policies of decen­ how. But this carefree attitude is tralisation and border areas develop­ crumbling, since virtually all the prize ment, which are bolstered both by •m *«w properties have been taken up, and incentive and by coercion. Yet, as what sites are still available need to location advisors quickly point out, be appraised by experts. In addition, the border areas are not indiscrimin­ with costs constantly heading upwards ately fitted for all types of industry. and the intensity of competition surging To locate there economically, a com­ in the same direction, managers need pany must employ much labour in rela­ to select optimum points of location. tion to capital. And in any event, avers For this, business taps the services of St Thomas, the border areas will only location consultants. become truly effective when adequate On-sight in.sight. Having gauged the transport to markets is provided. strength of this demand, .Johannes­ An authority. St Thomas should CHARLES ST THOMAS ON LOCATION burg's Charles St Thomas Group, a know. In October last year, under the I'lirtuii; a finger on the spot management consultancy firm, this auspices of the American Management Their interest is understandable. month teamed up with the UK's Association, he organised a New York With the government now readily Gordon Lilly Organisation, and has seminar on "Business Opportunities in protecting many import-competing ven­ thus joined the growing list of South- Southafrica". The thirty participants tures with a 15/25% customs tariff on african firms to offer location services were all heads of large US companies imported products, the overseas ex­ to businessmen. Other leaders in the that ran plants in the Republic or were porter must choo.se between trying to field are P-E Consulting, W. D. Scott. contemplating doing so. And the sell his goods at the higher price or Herbert Penny, and Bedaux (Africa). border areas plan was what interested .starting local production. However, All operate on basically the same them most. All were keen to know the latter move is far more rational lines. Different possible areas are whether it was based on politics alone, and the nation's location consultants evaluated in terms of labour, raw or whether it had an economic poten­ will increasingly put their clients firmly materials, markets, transport, housing, tial of its own. in their places. utilities, climate, municipal rates, etc. (For shops and supermarkets, other considerations are weighed up.) Each A hard buy survey is also tailored to suit the CHECK STUBS It was reported late last week that Darlicular circumstances of clients. Black market the Anglo American subsidiary, When Chrysler Southafrica decided to One of the biggest exhibitors at the Boart & Hard Metals, has set up relocate from Cape Town, consultants Ghana International Fair, which a second Boart International com­ took account of the trend towards opens in Accra next week, will be pany — this time in Luxembourg. local manufacture of spare parts before Nigeria. The Nigerian Federal As with the company in Nassau, sitine the R25m plant near Pretoria. Trade Ministry announced last week Bahamas, which it established last "This has been worked down to such that 430 examples of Nigerian-made year, this new move is designed to a skill," claims Charles ("Chuck") St products will be put on display. benefit from Luxembourg's ultra- low rates of taxation. Thomas, chairman of the St Thomas New discovery Group, "that vou can analyse within Wider fields 5% what a firm will gross in two Morocco has long been tantali.sed Lesotho's Minister of Economic separate locations." In the banking by the wealth of uranium ore that Development. Charles Molapo, was field, declare consultants, estimates is mixed with its huge phosphate enthusiastic. So were the traders are even more precise. Provided, that deposits, and that has proved un­ who met in Maseru earlier this is, that firms have the competence to economical to extract. Now, how­ make adequate projections. P-E Con­ ever, using a new method discovered month. What pleased them was the sulting obtains its know-how from its by research .scientist Idris.si Rashid, fact that Natal's Mo.shal Gevisser. overseas affiliates; and, by linking up Morocco will be able to tap its the SA wholesale organisation, had with Lilly, St Thomas now has access 4.2m tons of ore. formed a subsidiary in Lesotho and to similar specialised experience. Expanding sources. was offering 49% of the shares at par to all licensed retail traders. Yet to come back. Even with many Engineering Services, an Imperial of the big names in business making Cold Storage subsidiary, has in Harry up use of this service — organisations like recent months been making valu­ Charter Consolidated, whose asso­ Greatermans, Adcock-Ingram Pharma­ able connections in Japan. Its latest ciate company, Zambian Anglo ceuticals, Sasol, OK Bazaars, Edgars, coup came last week, when agree­ American, last year developed a Caltex, and Shell — the market is still ment was reached with Tokyo's process for the extraction of copper relatively small. For example, no more Hitachi Corporation to market from low-grade ore, will team up than 1% of W. D. Scott's assignments Hitachi's full range of light and with French companies to work a are location studies; while Herbert heavy industrial refrigeration com­ R400m low-grade copper depti.sit in Penny puts its location activities at ponents in Southafrica. Mauritania. " only 3% of total operations.

NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 23 from that, France last week turned off MINING & RNANCE the pressure. At a meeting of the Common Market Finance ministers in Pressure for the precious metal the Paris market averages less than a The Hague, Debre shelved his inten­ "Dug up in Southafrica, only to be ton of gold bought or sold a day. tion to argue for a higher price. A buried again in Fort Knox," Lord Rushed off. Both London and Paris more immediate reason for the French Keynes once complained about gold. were caught unawares by the sudden climb-down than the American in­ The famed economist's generalisation demand in the first week of this month. transigence was the attitude of the was accurate enough in his time, when In London there was not even enough other five EEC ministers. West Ger­ the US gold reserves at Fort Knox at hand to meet that demand. But it many in particular, worried about in­ totalled over R15 billion. Nowadays was in Paris that the fever bit. The flation, made it clear that it was it is not true at all: Fort Knox re­ gold Napoleon, a favourite speculative against "unrest" in the international serves are down to under R9 billion coin, reached R7, its highest price since money market. and the gold dug up in Southafrica 1952, and Paris dealings topped the On and on. This week the Group usually ends up elsewhere. Mostly, it one ton mark in one day. Left at of Ten and officials from the Inter­ seemed earlier this month, in France. that, the wave might have subsided and national Monetary Fund meet in Private buyers jammed the French gone on record as merely another of London to discuss just such unrest. bullion market asking for the metal. A main point on the agenda is inter­ After it is mined and extracted, gold national hquidity. World trade has from the Republic's mines is sent to increased sevenfold since 1938, but the Rand Refinery in Germiston in world money has only doubled in that bars of 88% purity. Then, refined to time. Some economists argue that it is 99.6% purity, it is trucked to the this shortage which sustains the gold Reserve Bank in Pretoria, from where price speculation, others maintain that most of it is shipped to London's it is a lack of confidence in the dollar Bank of England, the Reserve Bank's and sterling, caused by balance of pay­ agent. The Bank of England, in turn, ments deficits in Britain and America. supplies other central banks and feeds Whichever it is, a gold price rise would the London Gold Market, the world's help ease both. largest gold exchange. Between four and six tons of gold are sold every day to private buyers—which includes A spec of platinum non-central banks — on the London FRANCE'S RUEFF Unfettered the way the gold price is, Gold Market. A flat etude the price of platinum can be changed Buying and selling is done through the periodic gold buying sprees which at a moment's notice. That is what five firms, acting as brokers. Every accompany gold price-rise rumours. As happened in 1963/64 when the price weekday morning a member of each it happened, those rumours gained veered up and down five times in step firm meets the others at the offices of what speculators interpreted as sub­ with supply and demand. For the last N. M. Rothschild & Sons, the chair­ stance, and the gold rush continued two years however, there has been a man of the market and also the broker unabated. First Jacques Rueff, de sellers' market for platinum, and the for the Bank of England. There, the Gaulle's financial adviser, predicted price remained at R71.50 an ounce. dealing takes place, each representa­ that the world monetary system would Yet platinum shares remained volatile. tive keeping in touch with his offices collapse unless there were a sharp Earher price changing had earned the by telephone. A similar system oper­ increase in the gold price. Then metal a reputation as a speculative ates in Paris every afternoon, though France's Finance Minister, Michel share, and even while the price of Debre, told T.e Monde that the ques­ platinum steadied, the market in plat­ tion of a higher gold price would be inum shares was bullish. In the past "studied". twelve months, platinum shares have More back-up. A few days later gained an average of 57% on the Southafrica's Minister of Economic Johannesburg Stock Exchange. In­ Affairs. Nic Diederichs, on a tour of vestors, it seemed, were convinced that Europe, pointed out that the Republic the strong sellers' market would lead is almost the sole supplier of the to another price rise for platinum and West's gold and that without a gold a corresponding rise for the shares. price rise, gold production in South­ Not far up. As it happened last africa will iialt in twenty years' time. week, they were partly right. Rusten- Diederichs called for a doubling of burg Platinum, the West's major pro­ the gold price, soon after added that ducer, and London's Johnson, Mathey, the Republic would give part of the platinum dealers, both announced a increased profits from such a move new official price of R78 an ounce. to the underdeveloped countries in But for the bulls, the profit was not so Africa. big: Rustenburg had announced in­ Not surprisingly, the US Treasury creased dividends for the year earlier offered its usual dampener. America this month, and had warned then that is determined to keep gold at its 1934 the new dividends took into account a price of R25 an ounce. Any change in possible increase in the metal's price. the present gold price, the Treasury Shares moved up with that, so that GOLD BRICKS EN ROUTE emphasised, would be "completely last week's hike was already dis­ Stuck at 1934 unacceptable". As if taking a hint counted.

24 NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 NEWSPEOPLE READER... Pankhurst et al to write it, that I wrote with Sir Win­ Having jolted even blase old London ston Churchill's knowledge, and that I with her topless dresses for waitresses hope that my book, by describing what in the West End's La Caretta club he was really like, can only enhance NEWS/CHECK last month, Southafrican dress designer his reputation. You in Southafrica are, Yvonne van der Heul plans to open a like me, used to being attacked and I mod boutique in Johannesburg. "I am sure you have learnt to ignore interprets the important criticism based on misunderstandings." hope it will be going by the end of news every fortnight — February," she elaborated in London Right and wrong? last week. On women who wear her Leader of the British Union of Fascists way-out gear, she philosophised thus: from 1932 until 1940, when he was it is a magazine to read "Life moves too fast for separate interned under Britain's wartime de­ living. It's got to be a combined effort fence regulations. Sir Oswald Mosley is every fortnight. between husbands and wives. Women now head of the right-wing Union want to look good and to be free." Movement. Last week he and Lady Bells in the barn Mosley were again in the Republic "to On a one-day trip to the Transvaal relax, enjoy the sunshine, and work Become a Subscriber from Cape Town, Elsa Vorster, on a new book". daughter of the Republic's Prime Minister, was not saying much about Tee for top NOW With a polished four-under-par last her wedding to Andre Kolver, a Free round, Harold "Horse" Henning beat State farmer, in April. From Jan Smuts off a challenge from Britain's Brian airport she drove straight to Klerks- dorp, where her wedding dress is being See the card in this issue — made. On the big day in April she subscribe by filling it in and will become the first daughter of a make sure your copies of Prime Minister to be married out of NEWS/CHECK reach you regu­ Groote Schuur. larly, straight through the mail. Medicine to memories Arriving in Capetown last week was Lord Moran, personal physician to Churchill and author of a fussed-over book which deals with the great man's most intimate details from the war years to the end of his life. In South- africa to visit his son Richard Wilson, a counsellor at the British embassy. Lord Moran was unruffled by accusa­ tions, notably from the British Medical Association, that his disclosures about Churchill were "unethical". "So far as the general controversy over my book is concerned," he explained, "I will only repeat that I believe I was right

"HORSE" AT FULL STRETCH Closing the Barnes door Barnes to win the Professional Golfers' Association championship at Germis- ton last week. Glowed Henning after­ wards: "I feel really great. I felt sorry for Barnes, who slumped in his last round. But that's golf." EAST COAST TO EUROPE BY Christmas every day LLOYD TRIESTINO In a 154-page report published last • Regular Sailing* S Modem Ships week, an investigating commission in C Northbound freighter* call at Piraeus Accra verified that at the time of his m.v. "CABOTO" deposition ex-President Kwame Nkru- m.v, •MARCO POLO" m.v. USODIMARE" mah of Ghana was worth more than m.v •VESPUCCI" R4.6m. Nkrumah, the report says, m.v •VIVALOr' 'S Fu information from any office of expansively gave away more than STURROCK (Cape) Ltd., SOUTH AFRiCA. R200,000 of public money to friends, CORY MANN GEORGE (Pvt) Ltd., SALIS­ BURY, CORY MANN GEORGE (Beira) family and a troupe of girls. Of (Pty.) Ltd., BEiRA. lOHN T. RENNIE 4, BIOGRAPHER MORAN Us misunderstood types course, he hung on to much more. SONS. LOURENCO MARQUES.

NEV^S/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 25 PARTIES WITHOUT PURPOSE Y eight in the morning it looked as to the "evidence of ineptitude and in­ parties with no purpose beyond serving B if the day was going to be a com­ competence" of the government in their the groups that support them, and in plete washout. By ten, it was raining handling of the country's economy, the this climate Southafrica is patently the —most unseasonably—in Capetown, government benches erupted in gales loser. Firstly the National Party: and around eleven o'clock social page of laughter, and the opposition mem­ reporters tried hard to persuade any bers giggled resignedly. The party even slightly presentable female in the fight was beginning again, with the The party of power small huddle near parliament building United Party placing emphasis on the to have her photograph taken. By the LL three parties at this time have bread-and-butter issues. The choice boxed themselves in by virtue of time a smiling President Charles Swart was significant: the UP had caucused A and Mrs Swart drew up to parliament, their hold on their supporters, because as usual just before the opening, had at last saturation point seems to have typists and clerks were sparsely lining come up with a "strategy" and were arrived where language dictates who Parliament Street. Police however had placing their hopes, in their customary votes for what. The NP is most for­ laid on arrangements massive enough overly pragmatic fashion, on the appeal tunate; it has grabbed the lion's share to deal with a street rally. "God. man," to Southafricans at large of fighting of the electorate because it was and exclaimed one messenger of the House inflation. For the new Prime Minister, still is the party of Afrikanerdom, and of Assembly, "there are more police more pressing problems of foreign re­ has literally encased itself in power. around here than Members." For the lations and party support looked like Never before has Southafrican party opening of the .second session of par­ being his overriding concern. For the politics .seemed .so inflexible; it has liament the police were taking no Progressive Party's Helen Suzman, only been in the la.st ten or so years chances. there lay ahead another session where that the NP saw endless vistas of Opening; move. At the start of pro­ she would be fighting several bills, she power opening up to it because there ceedings in the House of Assembly a said, "tooth and nail" ("rand en mond. was no reason why Afrikanerdom beaming Blaar Coetzee walked over to that's how they put it. isn't it?"). should not simply go on voting it into greet Helen Suzman. Prime Minister For the country's parliamentary par­ power time after time. And because John Vorster. facing his first full ses­ ties, the approaching session showed it is the party with the mo.st dedicated sion as Southafrica's leader, sat poker- little sign of producing creative policy­ politicians, and because Afrikaners faced on the front bench. The forty making. After 18 years of NP govern­ still feel that political power is the one members of the opposition looked ment and 18 years of opposition con­ counterweight they have to English grim-faced in contrast to the jovial fusion and split. Southafrica's political Southafrica's economic superiority, Dacked benches of the Nationalist parties have reached a stage where the NP's first appeal is still to Afri­ Party, where the 126 MPs included they have become comfortable vehicles kanerdom. That must always be kept the large group of new Members intent of sectional opinion. They have be­ firm behind the Party. on observing due decorum. Then, as come parties defined more by demo­ Sir de Villiers Graaff rose and pro­ Politics of power. In the early days graphy, by the languase groups they the NP was not Afrikanerdom's party posed his motion of no confidence due represent, than by policy. They are exclusively, but a party of purpose, putting out more creative policy ideas than anv of the opposition groups. But in the Sixties the NP has come to wear around it the decided smugness of power. Debate over policy has never ceased within the NP. but it has been a private debate, with outsiders not wanted. "The one thing that would sink the Nationalist Partv would be if thousands of English Southafricans ioined it", .said one firm Nationalist last week. Disagreement the NP has in con.siderable measure, but it is a family disagreement. Afrikaner intel­ lectuals who wax indignant when an outsider attacks the NP will furiously attack the party among themselves. Particularly is this so of Afrikaner­ dom's left-wing, which can at times be unbearably unctuous about the morality of their position while still retaining the comfortable sense of being close to power. The result is that "the NP cuts itself off from any real opening to non-Afrikaans South­ africa, despite its avowed intention of THE RAINY OI'KN'ING OF PARLIAMENT creating a united nation out of the Bill a dry scs.sicn ahead

26 NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 country's two main white groups. Useful at divisions. The smugness of power reaches out at all levels."Hardly any other country that practises a two- party system is less demanding about its parliamentary personnel. With one or two exceptions, the new recruits into the NP in the House of Assembly have done nothing to dispel the suspi­ cion that they make up one of the dullest back-benches to be found any­ where. Service to the Party has opened the gates to politicians who make the trade unionist hacks of Britain's Labour Party look like brilliant de­ bating stars. The NP dominance in the Flo use on one level means that it has over a hundred attractive, well-paid jobs open for men who will put in enough time making enough friends in a particular constituency. (South- africa's MPs are well-treated by any standard: in addition to a taxable salary of R4,000 a year, they have a non-taxable allowance of Rll a day during a session and R4.50 a day when parliament is not sitting. In addition, there are the travel concessions.) Getting together. The strength of Afrikanerdom and the strength of its to run counter to economic considera­ In Us composition the UP is one of party, the NP. has been in its idea of tions, the NP must yet face the the most complex of pohtical institu­ an independent nation in Africa, stand­ minority of voices casting doubt on tions. Its roots are conservative, ing on its feet and refusing psycho­ where the Party is going. "Jaap Marais founded not on the challenge of the logical dependence on anything but is not the Nationalist Party," snapped present but the traditions of English its existence as a nation. Over the one NP supporter last week, but such Southafrica that often seem the slowest past six years it has been that tough­ men as Marais are still part of the things to change in the whole country. ness that pulled Southafrica over the Party's ethos from the days when Its most ardent supporters are those hump: but now the economy's strength Afrikanerdom was predominantly middle-aged Enghsh Southafricans who is threatening the roots of NP policy. rural. For some within the NP- and fought in WWII under the UP aegis. "It is no longer the politicians that others without, like the vociferous if Its attraction to the young among the count, but the economy." says one impotent Republicans and the trucu­ urban UP strongholds is minimal, it leading Afrikaner businessman. The lent elements of the Mine Workers' has considerable difficulty in mustering NP is unable to go against this trend, Union—economic advance is the thin enough party activists at election time since its own supporters want a better edge of the wedge that is leading Afri­ to come near to matching the efforts economic life as much as do its oppo­ kanerdom away from its true purpose. of the still formidable NP electoral nents. And it has been the rising tide But precisely what purpose the NP machine. Yet in its diminution the of the economy which has in no small should maintain before itself depends UP has found its strength: the soHd measure contributed to the stability of on the chanaing circumstances of its core of English Southafrica. Its hold !ill Southafrica's racial groups. Doubt­ supporters. So far unity and political on this group seemingly guarantees it less, this has contributed to the rather victory have dictated the actions of its parliamentary representation there for passionless NP of today. leaders, but the pursuit of power is no the asking. And among its ranks on On the economic level Enelish and substitute for purposeful national direc­ the platteland it can count those South­ Afrikaner have increasingly found tion that makes for an adaptable poli­ africans who move with perhaps the common ground. For this reason immi- tical party. most facihty between English and iiration is likely to continue as strongly Afrikaans societies. For all that, it has ns before the present outcry about it: lost its contact with the Hertzog prin­ and announcements like that contained The party of pragmatism ciple of equal shares for English and last week in the new government Eco­ F the NP is the party of power, then Afrikaans iust as surely as the NP has nomic Develooment Plan, calling for I the UP is the party of those who do found itself able to get along very more trained non-white labour, are well without Englisli^ Southafrica's not really need power, and often show active participation in the Party. likely to become more, not less, fre- signs of not really wanting power. It duent. Thus has economics got the i.i an Afrikaner-led Party with English On the same tack. Over the past bet'er of policy. Southafrican supporters and English few months a trickle of evidence leaked 'V^oice of conscience. So long as the Southafrican policies — which is to say out that the UP, prodded seemingly by NP looks first to Afrikanerdom and that the United Party is a party with­ such political professionals as Marais not to national purpose will leadership out policy. For the only policy that Steyn and Japie Basson, was seeking continuallv be attempting to straddle English Southafrica takes to heart is to refurbish its policy in order to be left and right. Unable and unwillina that of the free enterprise economy. able to present a simple, clear-cut alter-

NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 27 native to the government. As this is pretty well deserved. Possibly nothing Malan, taunted the NP benches with year's session opened, however, it was has hurt the UP so much as the exist­ the fact, thereby probably doing as evident that the UP's fatal flaw — an ence of safe seats that it has hardly much to heal any breach in the NP as inability to think cohesively and force­ had to fight for. Not having had to any Nationalist peacemaker could. As fully — had won out. The UP had fight for these seats has meant that far as it is true that the UP waits decided to play it safe and attack the the Party has not had to thrash out a hopefully on a Nat split, so much does government on the economic issue. policy acceptable to wider support it show itself pohtically inept, true to "Absolutely no contentious issues," and attractive to the electorate as a its pragmatic wait-and-see self. And commented Marais Steyn blandly about whole. for so long will the country wait for a the Party's caucus meeting last week. Mlcawberism. Unable to fire the major party to live up to its proper Plainly the UP was happy to shelve its electorate with its shifting policies, the role. search for a policy in the perceptive UP has not been able to woo the realisation that the government could brighter English Southafrican either — be attacked for maladministration. like the NP, the UPs personnel has The party of Eiipsh anguish Opportunity knocks. The UP's mis­ not lately shown itself capable of pro­ HE time is long past when the placed sense of pragmatism — mis­ ducing the type of leadership that T Progressive Party stormed the placed in the sense that it has shown should now be moving up into the urban citadels of the UP with high no electoral successes — is a fair re­ rungs of power just below the top. hopes that it was the new major party, flection of the Party's entrapment in Not one UP MP of the later recruits the real alternative government. Since the demographic basis of modem has shone over-much in parliament or the highwater mark of 1961, PP for­ Southafrican politics, a basis that the country at large. At present too tunes have waned relentlessly, with one neither major party seems inclmed to the Party is top-heavy with farmers — exception. That exception has been break out of. But as the heir to the neariy one-third in a party whose Houghton MP Helen Suzman, a school- Party that did once run a collabora­ strength is in the urban and suburban mistressy politician with a telling gift tion between Afrikaans and English, fastnesses of English Southafrica. Busi­ for the throwaway line. But in the the UP retains some vestiges of a ness holds some of Southafrica's best long run Helen Suzman's lonely poli­ tical survival has been something of a calamity for the Progs. Transfixed by what "Helen" was doing for them in parliament, the Progs have not for­ mulated a level-headed approach to political power, much less to the prob­ lem of how to .sell a policy that is unpopular with about 95% of the electorate. In a curious act of political emasculation, the PP has more or less thrown up its hands and taken refuge in a form of economic determinism. "History." they repeat ad nauseam, "is on our side." Sharing something of the moral unctuousness of their counterparts in the NP, the Progs have come near to capturing a corner on political idealism among English South­ africa. But it is an idealism so pure that it is untainted by the faintest whiff of Dov/er. Party or protest? No party is quite so confined in the range of supporters it can call upon. The PP's successes and near-successes have all been among those upper-class people of whom the NP says scornfully: "Hulle is die mense wat hid apartheid kan koop!" "The better educated people." Laurie Gandar of the Rand Daily Mail pre­ fers to call them, but the pattern broader Southafricanism. Its exclu- minds, but the UP has not been able remains the same. It can be retorted sivism is not at all voluntary, but to mobilise them on any scale, least that a party's supporters do not invali­ forced on it by bad leadership and of all as MPs. date a party's policies: but in the PP's an electorate that is not quite sure what An admittedly biased Helen Suzman case the glarine lack of supporters it is getting when it votes UP. So often maintains that the parliamentary UP certainly does. Part of the PP's con­ has the UP transparently made a play keeps itself going with hopes of a split tinuing political impotence lies in its for what it fondly imagines is the con­ in the NP ranks — for the day of a inability to decide what its true role servative soul of Afrikanerdom — second Fusion, when the NP will neatly is while waiting for what Progs con­ while safe in the knowledge that the peel into left and right. It was with sider is the inevitable tide to turn their mildly liberal housewife in the urban some glee that UP MPs watched the own way. So far the PP has shown centres is going to vote for it anyway short scuffle last year over the "Hert- its surest touch as a party of civil —that the UP's image of opportunism zog group", but only one, Etienne liberties, or restricted state power. A

28 NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 valuable function in itself, it is not why we should accept the govern­ however the alternative to a national ment's definition of patriotism." But policy at the polls. With integration, the PP's patriotic image is a decidedly except on the economic level, so far cerebral one. PP leader Jan Steytler, not a starter, the PP's continual for instance, has condemned the use watchdogging presence is a reminder of sanctions on the ground that they of a valuable part of English South- are not practical and that a realistic africa's values. solution must come from within South- Clean hands. In the long run, how­ africa. They are negative reasons, and ever, the Progs have shown that they the other parties, with their positive would far rather succour their often hands-off stance, score heavily. Again, over Rhodesia, the PP was unable to come to terms with the reality of Rhodesian self-determination, and under a multi-racial policy at that. There is nothing quite so unctuous as a Prog sniffing at the mention of the name Smith. "Electorally almost dis­ countable, with a leader outside par­ liament and a party machine that has never got off the ground, the PP is one MP from oblivion. Good inten­ tions do not make a political party.

N this time of demographic parties I reflecting all too faithfully the susceptibilities of their own neatly demarcated groups, Southafrica's poU- ticians have it made as never before. The electoral fat of the two main par­ ties cushions the obvious lack of talent, and an advancing economy does the work of providing incentive. At the same time, an uneasy position in the broader world can do no more than create a false sense of crisis. The NP will stolidly affirm its careful foreign policy, and the UP's "bi-parti­ sanship" will allow it to feel as close to power as it ever seems to get. glib sense of morality than get in and (Although as one NP MP said smugly fight for power. Much of what holds last week: "Hell, you can't expect the true for the UP holds equally good for government to run to the opposition the PP. The followers of the PP do every time something crops up".) not need power for themselves as long In the meantime, the demographic as the basic structure of the country plush bottom of the two main parties remains solidly based on economic removes the pressing need to compete advance. Given economic well-being, on a policy level, to continually rethink Organisations tliroughout the the Progs can paradoxically indulge to old policies. Coalition, the recurrent world testify to increased all-round the full their penchant for calling down kite that is floated every time the office efficiency, economy, and doom upon the head of prejudiced greater productivity after installing Nationalist Party finds itself agreeing a modern Philips Telephone Southafricans. The danger is that the with the United Party or vice versa, is system. Large or small, your busi­ unreality of the debate conducted by as dead as it ever was, killed by the ness will benefit in the same way. English Southafricans will be swal­ static air of the current party position. P.A.B.X. for internal and external lowed as the truth. The oversimplified Neither main party seems to worry calls; P.A.X. for fast push-button picture of world opinion presented by over potential leadership for the next internal communication. liberal Southafricans can be a per­ decade or so, though the increasing suasive one. But it is simply not disinterest among the youth might reahstic to imagine that all that is create some passing anxiety. For the needed is goodwill between races to moment the fundamental argument PHILIPS solve Southafrican problems. over the direction of Southafrican Voters missing. Possibly most self- poHcy has disappeared. Even the UP TELEPHONE destructive for the PP has been its seems to be groping about for some inability to escape the dUemma posed face-saving device whereby it might SYSTEMS© by its over-dependence on "what the gracefully accept the fact, if not the PHItlPS TELECOMMUNICATIONS (PTY) LTD. outside world thinks about South- theory, of Bantustans. Cosy coteries, BRANCHES THROUGHOUT SOUTH AFRICA africa". "Of course we are patriotic," the country's political parties are en­ SAP 4037 exclaimed Helen Suzman last week, trenching themselves with an unchar­ "it's just that we don't see any reason acteristic complacency.

NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 29 You'll like the world of Aristocrat — the brandy that lives up to its name

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30 NEWS/CHECK 17 JANUARY, 1967 BLACK SOUTHAFRICAN I OUTLOOK I LITERATURE - illlllllllillllllllllUllllililliililliliNiillllllllllUllllllll^ A QUESTION OF ENDS In their reactions to the contact Down Second Avenue (1959)—an autobiographical account of Europe and Africa, black of Mphahlele's childhood in a township and his subsequent writers have ranged from the attempts to reconcile politics and writing—is a bitter book: theme that all men are brothers— "Marabastad, like most locations, was an organised rubble under the skin—to the assertion of of tin cans. The streets were straight; but the houses stood something mystic and good in the cheek by jowl, rusty as ever on the outside . . . From fact of being black. A term often down here in the pit of sordidness, you hear humanity used to describe the forming atti­ wailing for help, for food, for shelter; humanity gasping tudes of modern African writers for air . . ." It is a world of claustrophobic fear, an eternal has been Neo-African. BOOKS round of work with small profit or leisure. In this atmo­ Editor Peter Wilhelm discusses the sphere, according to Mphahlele. the only possible norm is significant quantity of such writ­ the short story. Among black writers there is little ing that has come from South- poetry of value—apart from older "epic" poets such as african authors. H. I. E. Dhlomo (author of the sprawling Valley of a Thousand Hills) and B. W. Vilikazi (whose In the Gold OR black Southafrican writers there is only one starting Mines has a fair merit). There are only half-poems, pre­ F point: the coming to the city. And the city, inevitably, dominantly political in tone, by Dennis Brutus and Richard is Johannesburg, the city of gold. The theme of the black Rive. Mphahlele's first book, Man must Live (1946), con­ man still rooted in the tribe who comes to Johannesburg sists of short stories, and in the great days of Drum maga­ to earn and suffer is a familiar one, particularly as it was zine under Anthony Sampson the short story flowered. The created and later taken up with all the fervour of guilt by fine.st of the short story writers were Todd {King Kong) white writers. From William Plomer's Ula Masondo— Matshikiza, Arthur Maimane (whose Just a Tsotsi is note­ which, written in the Twenties, was the first and best state­ worthy for its use of dramatic monologue). Bloke Modi- ment of the theme—to Alan Paton's Cry the Beloved Coun­ sane, Alex la Guma and Mphahlele himself (whose The try, there exists an idealising of the black man and an almost Suitcase is possibly the best of the lot). The stories, most embarrassing desire to understand and forgive the white of which appeared in Drum or were in one way or another man. The black writers who have adapted the theme are at inflenced by its example, sketch a reflection of the raucous once less taken in or forgiving: "At this exact moment of sounds of Johannesburg—a world of gangsters and under­ his living, the sun was slowly sinking behind the mine- dogs, of dollies, shebeen queens, and police raids. After dumps that guard the western approaches of the City of most of these writers became involved in dangerous politics Gold: Johannesburg; most evil and vicious city in the or left the country for one reason or another, the style world, where black man is forced to work for white man, tended to become over-slick, relying too much on American yet where few of the white men care how the black men idiom learned from gangster films and the clipped dialogue live or die." This, from Blanket Boy's Moon by Peter of Humphrey Bogart. Mphahlele's Down Second Avenue Lanham, is typical. Based on a story by A. S. Mopeli- and The African Image (1962)—among other things the Paulus of Lesotho, it gives well enough the first blind most considered account by any black writer of what it reaction to what is seen as exploitation. From this point means to be a black writer—record the terrible conflict of view some writers have never escaped. Those few who between writing and politics that affected him and his con­ have done so have transformed a literature of political temporaries. His decision to leave for Nigeria — because frustration into, simply, literature. Mopeli-Paulus never of his disagreement with government policy on Bantu transcended the tone of Blanket Boy's Moon. Turn to the education—was not made without struggle: "Many of my Dark (1956), written with Miriam Basner. lacks the naive friends tried to dissuade me from leaving. 'Stay on in the power of the earlier book, but in a sense it is the same struggle,' they kept saying. 'I'm contributing nothing,' I story told again—of a black man lost in a white world, of told them. 'I can't teach and I want to teach, I can't write ritual murder, of vicious policemen. The tone of his books and I want to write'." As Lewis Nkosi—author of a play is that of Paton, as is the .sentiment: "Majoaneng! That about Johannesburg night life. The Rhythm of Violence- folds itself in a corner of the hills! Majoaneng, that basks has written recently in Africa Report: "With the recent in the early morning sun when it rises above the shoulder arrivals in Britain of Alex la Guma and Dennis Brutus, all of Pulumo in the east! Majoaneng, where the rabbits wait of the more important Southafrican black writers are now for the first light and tempt the hunter to chase them up in exile. This exodus . . . began when Peter Abrahams the rocks to the plateau . . ." Such glorifying of the rural stowed away on a ship to England in the 1930s. It is too becomes empty in a context of brutality and a too one­ early to judge whether these writers will continue to base sided vision of the city. Written in the Fifties, Mopeli- their creative writing on Soulhafrican themes, or whether Paulus' books, in comparison with those of his contem­ they will become internationalist." The list of writers in poraries, rank low in sophistication and insight. exile is, for all practical purposes, comprehensive: Mphahlele, Bloke Modisane, Lewis Nkosi, Todd Matshikiza and Noni Jabavu in England, Arthur Maimane in Accra IFE in the city and political frustration is as well the and Peter Abrahams, at present in the Caribbean. The L starting point for Ezekiel Mphahlele—apart from Peter involvement in politics was almost to a man. Alex la Guma Abrahams the finest black Southafrican writer, and a and Alfred Hutchinson (author of Road to Ghana) were moving force for black writers throughout the continent.

NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 31 Ferrari proves Shell Super Oil unbeatable in test three times as tough as Le Mans!

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32 NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 Treason Trialists. Not one of this group of writers found do not deserve it." He realises the desire for wild conquest common ground with separate development, many of them among his people, and finds it to be present in the advancing reacting extremely. With their disappearance there is at Boers as well. The result, he knows, will be defeat for present little writing of significance being done by non- Mzilikazi. The synthesis Mkomozi seeks is never reahsed; whites still in the country. With notable exceptions, few of a battle takes place and the Matabele warriors are routed. these writers produced much that was balanced or good in I'he novel ends on a .scene of great destruction and waste— terms of what can count as genuine literature, but they did because, is the implication, no-one was willing to com­ form a brilliant and unreconciled generation—although they promise or understand. "Over the land," writes Abrahams, were never a literary movement as such—and the local "was the shadow of a new day." The ambiguity suggests literary scene is impoverished by their absence. After all at once a continuing struggle, but also the possibility of the fuss and bannings—both literary and political—there eventual reconciliation. does emerge one fact of significance: they, in comparison Since Wild Conquest Abrahams has gradually turned with American negro writers such as Richard Wright, James from specifically Southafrican themes. A Wreath for Udomo Baldwin, Leroi Jones and Ralph Ellison, display far less (1956) traces the rise and fall of an unwilling dictator in bitterness than might be expected. While, undoubtedly, an unspecified West African black state, J'his /stand Now there is political frustration—at times shrill—there is not (1965)—his latest—deals with politics in the Caribbean. the same degree of spiritual frustration communicated by But Wild Conquest remains his masterpiece. the Americans. ONI JABAVU'S position is a curious one. Married to is Peter Abrahams who has gone furthest and achieved N an Englishman, her books. Drawn in Colour (1960) and rmost. An important writer by any standards, he is as I^he Ochre People (1963), written from the experiences of well the finest novelist as yet produced by Africa (rivalled return visits to Southafrica, seem at times more English— only by Nigeria's Chinua Achebe). While most writers have in the sense of bordering on the genteel—than Southafrican. played out the circle—in spirit if not in actuality—of coming Her observations on fellow tribesmen are at times dan­ to the city, loss and frustration ending in exile, Abrahams gerously near to the anthropological: "Thank you, thank has lived through and written about these things, yet rarely you sister,' my clas.sificatory uncle .said, not slackening his allowed him.self to be anything less than a sane and balanced step." Yet there is as well a curiously tough charm, which. writer. His early short stories, collected in Dark Testament and his first novel. Song of the City, contain social protest, but the vision of Johannesburg is in marked contrast to that of Mopeli-Paulus: "He remembered the first time he had seen Johannesburg . . . Lights everywhere, like stars on the earth. And from the starlit earth he had heard a low hum drifting up to him . . . Deep and low and mono­ tonous. Telling the tale of the hearts of all its children. Tales of laughter and tears; of loves and hates; of death and of life." This is nearer perhaps to the swinging idiom of the Drum writers than it is to Mopeli-Paulus, but precedes both by ten years. Song of the City was the first novel SOUTHAFKICAN WRITERS ABRAHAMS, JABAVU, MPHAHLELE written in English by a black Southafrican since Solomon Buck of ilic moon boys Plaatje's Mhudi, published in 1930, and is a genuine break­ if not altogether Southafrican, is not English either: "We through. Plaatje had written of love in a rural setting at found that after all the excitements of the morning we badly the time of Mzilikazi, and his novel is barely readable— wanted to relieve ourselves, and the problem was that in the characterisation is flat, the range of moral possibilities Alice there was only one ladies' lavatory and it was a limited. Abrahams brought in a new toughness and realism. 'Europeans Only' ... So we had to walk to a deserted part His Mine Boy (1954) again has the black innocent in the of the town close by and squat in the .short grass, overseas city as theme, but gets beyond bitterness in that the central gloves and all." The irony of the situation is not over­ character evolves into the understanding that "one can be played. In a literature at times stifling with anger and a person first. A man fir.st and then a black man or a white humourle.ssness, Jabavu's books provide a small breeze of man". But it is Abrahams' Wild Conquest (1951) that fresh air. Her descriptions of tribal life are moving, all the forms his greatest achievement, an impas.sioned work of more so because observed from within. But despite this she art that completely transcends its own weaknesses. Set in writes, essentially, as an outsider. the time of the Great Trek it traces the fortunes of a Boer family northwards. Nothing is sentimentalised. The Jansen family is viewed sympathetically but uncompromisingly. OPELI-PAULUS and Jabavu form, in a sense, opposite Their desire for freedom is set against that of the slaves. M ends of a spectrum which ranges from reaction pure and The Trek is considered by them a necessity, and Abrahams simple to sophisticated observation. Much of the best of is in accord with this. The scene changes, however, to black Southafrican writing falls somewhere between the Inzwinyani, Mzilikazi's capital (Wild Conquest is, in one extremes: the novels of Peter Abrahams, the short stories sense, a rewriting of Plaatje's Mhudi) and the Matabele are and essays of Mphahlele. Abrahams, in a statement of wider given their share of analysis. A clash between Boer and implications, has defined the motive and goal of such Matabele is implicit from the beginning. Looking on and writing: "If the men inaugurating the new ways have the observing the impending conflict is Mkomozi, Mzilikazi's sense and the patience to preserve the finer qualities of the witchdoctor. His function in the novel is to suggest a old ways and fuse these with the new, then we can expect synthesis. A travelled man, he is afraid that his people, something magnificently new out of Africa." Part of this unlike the Basutos, will be unable to adjust and will con­ "something magnificently new" will be literature. Much of sequently be destroyed. "I am afraid," he says, "of the the writing thus far has been abortive; the possibilities have darkness of our people. But as age creeps on me, the .soft­ all too often been marred by political and racial obsessions. ness for them is stronger. Assuredly I am mad, for they But some of it will stand, and no small part has been contributed by Southafricans.

NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 33 Colour-slide computer

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27 JANUARY, 1967 34 NEWS/CHECK In the Austrian Alps Photo by courtesy of the Austrian State Tourist Department wlv! Make tracks for Europe - it's at its best right now! Deep snow, crisp air, concerts, festivals . . . resorts is only forty-five jet minutes from this is the time when Europe enjoys itself Frankfurt, centre of Lufthansa's world airlinks most. When it dresses up for concerts and . . . two hops, one stop from South Africa. lets its hair down for fun. When Germany is It's our low fare season now I So ask your a winter playground, and the Alps and lATA Travel Agent to book you on a Black Forest are a skier's paradise. Lufthansa long-range Boeing Jet . . . and Munich, cultural centre of modern Germany make your own tracks in Europe, just and nearest jet port to Europe's fabled winter 12j hours after leaving Johannesburg. You're at home all over the world with Lufthansa in partnership with SOUTH AFRICAN AIRWAYS

NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 35 POPS LIVING Buy Southafrican Cellist Pablo Casals calls it "poison DOMESTICITY kaans to familiarise them with white put to sound"; Frank Sinatra "a ran­ domestic jargon, they will learn the cid, smelling aphrodisiac". But no one Cheer for chars doubts that big beat pop music, brought They form a favourite topic of con­ basics sucii as cleanliness and neatness ("bath every day; use deodorants" they in by groups like the Beatles and the versation among their "niadams". And Rollmg Stones, will be around for a to judge from^the talk, servants are are told), making beds, setting tables, cleaning furniture, and even how to long time. For one thing, it is steadily often the opposite of a blessing in a sopnisticating itself. Current top over­ Southafrican household. There are answer the front door and telephone ('Tm sorry, my madam is not in. Can seas groups — Herman's Hermits, the moans about "stupidity" (very likely Mamas and the Papas — are dispens­ failure to understand instructions given 1 take a message, or will you leave ing with the yeah-yeah, twanging elec­ in an unfamiliar language), wastage. your number?") Other courses, con- tric guitar sound, and using increas­ ingly advanced musical techniques for their hits. And even in Southafrica, beat music has developed a built-in survival potential in the shape of the several groups and individuals, like Group 66, the Staccatoes and Dicky Loader and the Blue Jeans, who fairly often make, and top, local hit parades. This contrasts with the pre-pop era, when Southafrican artists seldom got their names on the charts. The big push. It stems from the fact that the big beat sound calls for enthusiasm first and musical talent second, and soon after its introduction it produced any number of guitar- strumming groups of youngsters in Southafrica. Recording companies soon VAN DER irOFF AND SUPER-SERVANTS A fine polish saw that these formed a tappable reser­ voir of talent, and about 18 months breakage, slowness, laziness. But nowa­ centrating on cookery, are also avail­ ago began appointing "Artists and days, with more jobs open to them, able, ranging from cake and pastry Repertoire" men to seek out and push non-whites increasingly scorn domestic making to "fancy cooking of veget­ promising locals. Among such is work, which, they hold, entails long ables" and the preparation of special EMl's Vic Kulling, who goes talent hours, low wages and hard labour. meat dishes, for example those cooked scouting by doing the rounds of teen­ Thus in Johannesburg for instance, the in wine. The most advanced courses age parties and sessions. Another is 60,000-strong domestic servant force is are designed for hotel and restaurant Teal's Derek Hannan, who soon after decreasing despite the city's growth. chefs, and there is even one for wine he arrived from the UK in July 1965 Only a general hiking of the status of stewards. They continue for as long as the occupation, both in the eyes of it takes pupils to master the requisite employers and employees, could offer skills, and range in price from R5 to any hope for the servant situation. R15. For the cookery classes pupils Fanagalo, no. A single office, clut­ provide their own ingredients, but, re­ tered with shiny kitchen ware, in the ports Mrs van der Hoff, publicity- down-at-heel northwestern quarter of conscious commercial firms show in­ the city, may hold it. Here, grey- creasing interest in the school, and are haired Mrs Mimi van der Hoff daily likely to supply it with a good deal of instructs Bantu women in the finer the necessary foodstuffs. points of housekeeping, and this week Already she is thinking of bigger her "Domestic School" for the training things, and plans to move to larger of servants officially got going with the premises in Soweto soon. arrival of go-ahead permission from Bogey beater? London-trained in government and municipal authori­ home economics, and with extensive ties. academic and practical experience of Established in September, the school domestic science, Mrs van der Hoff met with such a ready response that brings as much professional pride as a number of housewives in Johannes­ mere instruction into her teaching. burg's top northern suburbs promptly Moreover, she insists that her pupils sent their servants to do one of its get a square deal from employers when courses, and footed the bill too. But she has trained them, stipulating for from now on, Mrs van der Hoff hopes instance that they be paid nothing less to specialise in training those who than R25 a month. By raising stand­ "have never been in a kitchen and ards of both employment and the don't even know how to switch on a employees, she could be creating a SA POP SINGER JODY WAYNE stove". Instructed in English or Afri- situation worthy of a Wodehouse. Hurray for AI hen

36 NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 spotted a long-haired rock-'n-roll group called The Zombies in Johan­ nesburg. He persuaded them to cut their hair, adopt a more authentic 1 beat style, and added a bouncy teenage W^ ->-•. singer, Glynnis Lynn, to the group. i Renamed Four Jacks-and-a-.Till, they reached the top of the hit parade with their first number, Jimmy come lately. 'i -#»^ Hannan was also responsible for 1 creating a win.some 16-year-old image 8 for 22-year-old Jody Wayne, which has I brought him tremendous success and a flourishing fan club in Durban among the younger teen and sub-teen group. Waiting for the day. Still, the path of popsters in Southafrica has as many thorns as roses. A dearth of local

7 more* rum ways to keep you cool all Summer

8 Snowmaiden. You can't do better than 12 Bazooka. Times when you're feeling choose a cool blonde when the heat's onl low . . . nobody loves you . . . nobody 4 JAtKS 4. A JILL RECORDING Here's one. Take one part of sugar syrup cares . . . and to top it all the temperature Strictly tccii stuff (you can skimp a bit on this if you wish), is way up in the nineties, mix a couple of two parts of lime juice and a couple of these and in a little while even you won't songwriters forces groups to rely on dashes of grenadine. Allowing one egg care. Put tflfo dashes of lemon juice, one white for each two drinks, blend the lot teaspoon of sugar and two dashes of overseas hits, and since there is still tenderly. Then add eight parts of Red bitters into a dumpy glass. Now add one prejudice against the locals, record Heart Rum and shake with crushed ice. ounce of Red Heart Rum. one ounce of buyers prefer the imported product, Strain into frosted cocktail glasses and whisky and one ounce of brandy. Fill which sells at the same price anyway. embrace with fervour. with crushed ice and garnish with fruit. Insert a couple of straws and sip gently as And while di.sc jockeys like Radio 9 Flamingo. Best at sundown, just before you begin the countdown. Highveld's Andre de Swardt and taking off. Gather together one part Springbok Radio's Barry O'Donoghue sherry, three parts Red Heart Rum and a 13 Kalahari Cooler. Just the drink to whip dash each of grenadine and maraschino. up as soon as you spot your first oasis. do their best to push the Southafrican Shake well with cracked ice. Pour and Guaranteed to kill a thirst faster than talent, paucity of public performances decorate each glass with a twist of orange you can say Red Heart Rum. Decorate and lack of interest on the part of the peel if you feel artistic. Good idea to check a Collins glass with a long spiral of lemon your landing gear after the first half dozen. peel. Hang one end over the rim, anchor press ensure that they get little preju­ the other in the base of the glass, using a dice-breaking publicity. It all con­ 10 Fizzy-Lizzie. A surefire cooler, and no couple of largish ice cubes to do the job. tributes to making Southafrica a kidding! Simply pour two jiggers of good Now pour in two to three ounces of Red wholly teenage market (compared to old Red Heart Rum, one teaspoon of Heart Rum and fill to the brim with chilled sugar and the juice of half a lemon into soda. Stir quickly and serve. Good idea. the US, where adults form 20% of the a shaker. Give it the works. As soon as to keep one handy for anyone who might buyers of beat records), so that even the seismograph levels out, strain into stagger in croaking "water . . . water . . I" when a local hit does sell as many long glasses and top up with chilled soda. Then wait for the thaw. 14 Write In.* If you've been discs as an imported one, that adds up in\'olved in outer space activi­ to a meagre 30,000. (Tn Britain, a hit 11 Nineteenth Hole. You don't have to ties, expeditions to Antartica, will sell 160,000 in a morning.) play golf to enjoy this one. We know of etc., and consequently missed most unsportmanlike types who drink the first two sets of 7 each of Nevertheless, recording companies nothing else. Start by pulverising a sprig Red Heart Rum recipes ... all continue to plug the locals, even of mint in the shaker. When it's good and is not lost! Just drop us a line though it costs them more to record maslied add the juice of quarter of a lemon, at P.O. Box 4582, Cape lown, half a teaspoon of sugar, a jigger of Red and we'll be delighted to send a song than merely to import a tape. Heart Kum and lots of cracked ice. Shake them to you by return of post. More than patriotism is involved. Ex­ enthusiastically until you work up a heavy frost, many folk regard this as good exer­ plains Teal Record's Hannan: "When cise. Strain into glasses and trim with TV comes, the big time for the locals mint. Cheers. Red Heart Rum will begin." Enough to inspire many an adult to look with sudden favour ilUM^ii on the ideas of Albert Hertzog.

NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 37 ENTERTAINMENT THEATRE Almost there After twelve years of wishing, Dr Joseph Manca sees his ambition of putting the Eoan Group into an Ameri­ have got a thing about heing on time... can musical fulfilled: in Oklahoma (Capetown's Alhambra). The Coloured Time is of the utmost importance to you, the cast works well, at times, under the businessman. Understandably so. We realise direction of Dr Stanley Waren, a pro­ this and so have geared ourselves to meet fessor of drama at the City College of this particular requirement. the City University of New York. Waren, who has spent five months in Punctuality is our aim on every flight. And Southafrica, has to his credit produc­ SAS are well known for their reliability tions of My Fair Lady, Camelot, and efficiency . . . but that's not all! Showboat and The Sound of Music, Attractive, highly-trained air-hostesses and has in the past directed such stars see to your every need, ensuring a as Anna Maria Alberghetti, Joe E. comfortable and relaxing journey. Brown, Zero Mostel and Eli Wallach. Sumptuous Scandinavian cuisine, of His ultra-professional touch, however, turns out to be not quite enough, for course, also helps make your trip the Eoan Group, regrettably, does not with SAS a new experience in air command the necessary resources. The travel. cast, as well, has an added burden in a Ask your secretary to contact your single-level and, at times, yawning Travel Agent or nearest SAS stage. What is almost a successful pro­ duction falls slightly flat. After dull office - and let an ex­ singing and acting in the first act perienced airline take (quite in accord with the pedestrian you under its wing' d6cor) the show does finally more or less take off with the entrance of Allie Sydow as the altar-shy peddler Ali Hakim. It takes off—but the flight is mostly bumpy. Restoring a balance. In a large cast — more than seventy — there are in­ evitably some passengers. The idiom suffers most, and some of the play's Okies seem more like home-bred outjies. Fortunately, however, there is enough high-spirited work by the prin­ cipals (Martin Johnson and Patricia van Graan as the lovers Curly and Laurey, Cecil Tobin as the heavy, Rupaire Koopman as Will Parker and Winifred du Plessis as the Can't say no girl Ado Annie) to keep things pre- cariou.sly aloft. For the rest, a sur­ charge of enthusiasm almost makes up for a deficit in talent. The young old man Having been in show-business for 68 years. Maurice Chevalier at 79 gets around the stage with at least as much asjility as a man twenty years younger. At present at Johannesburg's Civic Theatre he will, at the month's end, be in Capetown, from where he will go to Durban. The show consists, simply enoii<;h. of Chevalier himself and pianist Fred Freed. For some ninety minutes Chevalier sings, cracks jokes ("In mv career I have played in all the ureat capitals of the world: London. New York. Paris (pause) Johannesburg , , ,'') and generally FM*AS1729

M /MEVyS/CHECK ^7 MNyARY, )9^7 does his mostly successful best to national espionage. officers. He has inadvertently killed charm the audience. A set limit. Particularly good as a their brother by butting him out of a Join in, folks! Charm, indeed, is — down-and-out, drink-sodden news­ window and must take refuge in Texas, and always has been — Chevalier's paperman dragged into the spy game not yet a member state of the Union. major trademark, more even than his is Robert (The Man from UNCLE) Looking vaguely lost in this kind of straw hat and cane. It is the charm Vaughn. A one-time worker for the thing, Delon is good nevertheless be­ of an ageing houlevurdier winking at CIA, he is. in effect, blackmailed into cause he is meant to be lost. His young girls and remembering the days working for them again and into con­ slightly florid Old World gentlemanli- when it was possible for him to do tacting his former wife (Elke Sommer. ness — required by the film — con­ who unexpectedly tries to act, and trasts neatly with the rugged boorish- expectedly, doesn't succeed) for infor­ ness of the Texans; and whether play­ mation the value of which changes ing bull-fighter to a wild longhorn or throughout the film. Boris Karloff, as duelling like a Rafael Sabatini charac­ an old man brainwa.shed into humility, ter. Delon never quite loses his un­ does what few actors can—he projects ruffled, disdainful manner. a developing character so that even in * Dean Martin as a lascivious gunhand weakness he retains vestiges of pre­ who, becau.se he can find no-one else, vious strength. The top-quality acting enlists Delon to help him protect a against a brilliantly photographed wagon train from wild Commanches. background of essentially squalid (The Commanches, however, turn out canals makes for an exciting and, at times, moving film. But the echoes of to be not .so wild after all. A tripping, Burton's Sny and, indeed, of The gooning bunch, they are eventually iDcress File, are so strong that routed by a herd of stampeding cattle.) Venetian Affair never becomes any­ * Jo.sey Bishop as Martin's zany thing very much more than an echo. Indian friend/enemy. Given to making statements such as "The only good Indian is a dead Indian", Bishop has Bang, bang, you're dead his best moment when, on being asked The latest, and the funniest, addition to suck snake poison from Delon's to the growing list of comic-cum-camp just-bitten leg. a disgusted expression MAURICE Westerns is Twentieth-Century Fox's passes over his face and he expresses That certain smile Texas Across the River. While it has himself with a Mad magazine "Yeech!" something more than wink. As such nothing to compare with the bumbling Apart from this there are countless it is entertaining enough, even for those gunfighter in Cat Ballou or The Halle­ small touches. The Texans, for ex­ who find no sentimental associations lujah Trail?, inspired chaos, it is more ample, complain of the presence of oil in songs such as Mimi la Blonde, consistently witty and way-out than in their water: "The curse of Texas." Valentine, I Remember it Well and either of the earlier films. The Commanche chief's son is a myo­ Thank Heaven for Little Girls. Few CamiHng out. With a plot that pic bimgler who gives a pained glance manage to resist Chevalier's invitation parodies every skiet-skop-en-donner at the camera every time he falls off his to join in the singing or his demand cliche in the book, Texas is notable as horse. And there is the cavalry officer that the audience, almost literally, fall well for: who knows only one all-purpose com­ in love with him. If the smile seems a * Alain Delon as a vSpanish nobleman mand: "Toarare-ha!" It all rattles bit thin at times and the charm on the run from a group of cavalry neatly along. threadbare, this is probably due to nothing more than justifiable weari­ ness. Enough, however, of the old ability to captivate with a twinkle in the eye—Chevalier demands such de­ scriptions—is still present to fill out the emptiness.

CINEMA Same again with ice With spy films rapidly degenerating into parodies of parodies—the proto­ typical Sean Connery/007 films were taken seriously only by the audiences— the only possibility left is the spy film that debunks the spy film. But with the masterly The Spy who came in from the Cold even this possibility is a dwindling one. MGM's The Venerian Affair would have been far more im­ pressive twelve months ago than it is now. Tt remains, however, a remark­ able depiction of double-dealing, seedi- ness. and the subordination of emotion DELON (CENTRE) HANDSOFF GENTEELLY I^J -TEXAS ACROSS THE RIVER' to the implacable intrigues of inter. A speedy Gonzalez affair

NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 39 iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiwiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii its break two furlongs from the end, SPORT but was twice distracted by another hor.se, Atty Persse, which stumbled in CRICKET runs. There was no Lindsay to come to its path. Cheers changed to silence on Two kinds of jumpers their rescue, however, and the tailend the Kenilworth course as racegoers The decision lodmed naggingly all last wilted as Springbok bowlers Barlow realised that Sea Cottage was too far Sunday. Peter van der Merwe's Spring­ and Mike Proctor scuttled through it. back to catch the leaders. Ding Dong boks had achieved a creditable score Barlow and Goddard, selected prima­ and Renounce. Ding Dong, which gal­ in their first innings and the Austra­ rily for their batting, snatched five loped into the list of favourites for the lians had failed to rally enough runs wickets between them at a cost of only Metropolitan when it won the Syd to avoid the follow on. Van der Merwe 44 runs, and by helping to di.smi.ss Aus­ Garrett Memorial Handicap in Cape had to decide whether to send the Aus­ tralia for 147 brought Southafrica a Town last month, caught Renounce tralians in again, or bat himself. This commanding first innings lead. one hundred yards from the post and week he chose to enforce the follow The grip loosens. Van der Merwe's won by three quarters of a length, with on, hoping thereby to press home the hopes that his bowlers would be as Refinery third. Sea Cottage, despite its Springboks' advantage over the Austra­ successful after the follow on, however, misfortune, was strong enough to finish lians, whose batsmen had failed dis­ were dashed by Australia's batsmen fourth. Misfortune dogged it again mally in their first innings. Moreover, on the third day. Aided by unexpected when its stables caught fire that night, the weather looked like turning cloudy sunny weather which kept spin off the though trainer Syd Laird said there had been no horse play.

MOTORING Rally round the flags The results of the Monte Carlo rally were conveniently cosmopolitan; the winner was a British Mini-Cooper driven by a Finn, second was an Italian Lancia with a Swedish driver, and an Englishman came third in a German Porsche, so there was some­ thing for everybody at the victory celebrations in Monte last weekend. However, victory was not easily won. Only 42 of 195 starters officially finished the 3,000-mile week-long rally. One of the 42 was the 1,255 cc Renault Gordini of Pretoria's Jan Hettema and Jimmy Andrews, who came 38th. The other Southafrican team, Ewold van Bereen and Mike Hooper in a Datsun DENIS LINDSAY KNOCKS A BOUNDARY Respiraloiy prablems 1600, finished 58th. Wrong fire in its belly. Both South­ and making the Kingsmead pitch even pitch, openers Simpson and Lawry african teams had their troubles; more receptive to spin. stolidly put on 128 runs between them. Hettema rolled a practice car a few Give me the ball. Two days of ups Red path and Cowper, who followed days before the .start and narrowly and downs had gone before. After them, .steered Monday's close of play escaped di.saster when his car spun on Eddie Barlow had fallen to the first total to 185 for five. a mountain road in the second stage ball of the match, Trevor Goddard and Yet the up and down nature of the of the rally. Van Bergen had fuel line AH Bacher steadied the score up to 53. series came to the fore again on the trouble on the second stage, but Then the wickets went. Two for 53. fourth day. By tea Au.stralia was 326 managed to get in to qualify within the Three for 57. Four for 83. Five for 90. for seven, but soon afterwards they sixty best times and so go on to the Six for 94. One spectator, remembering were all out for 334. Southafrica need­ 350-mile third stage. But then two the failure of Southafrica's first five ed only 182 to win, and by clo.se of fires in the engine put the car out of batsmen in the previous tests, quipped play Goddard and Barlow had scored the running for classification. that supporters who wanted to see good 42. Van der Merwe breathed again. Next of the big international rallies Springbok batting should turn up only is the East African Safari, starting on when five wickets were down. Only HORSE RACING March 23. The Safari, run over 3.000 Denis Lindsay successfully attacked the Ding dong battle miles of often rain-drenched dirt roads, Australians' combination of spin and Jockey Robert Sivewright likes to hold is far more gruelling than the Monte seam bowling. Lindsay, who has trans­ Sea Cottage back in the early stages of Carlo. This "year the rally will count formed his hook from his weakest into a race, preserving its energy for a burst among its entrants Rauno Aaltonen. his stoutest stroke, offered only one of speed over the last two furlongs. winner of the Monte, who agreed to chance of a catch while belting 137 These tactics brought Sea Cottage vic­ take part soon after the result was runs and helping to lift the Springboks' tory in last year's Durban Winter Han- announced. Aaltonen's participation tally to 300. ilicap. They failed last week, however, will be a major success for the Safari The early Australian batsmen were in the large field competing for the organisers, who are struggling to also skittled by the fast, grassy Kings- R30,000 Cape Metropolitan Handicap. attract more top international drivers mead pitch, losing six wickets for 96 Odds-on-favourite Sea Cottage made to the event.

40 NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 cents in every rand invested in Building Societies are entrusted to Unxitb Largest South African Building Society Assets exceed R580,000,000

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42 NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiKiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii trigonometrical network in Southafrica, SCIENCE particularly 40,000 square miles of tiie Kalahari. To overcome the backlog in mapping, the Survey Office, van der Greater, grander daddy Spuy related, began what amounted to a crash programme in 1962. This For nearly six years Kenyapithecus meant supplying a denser network in wickeri has been man's oldest ancestor. areas where beacons were already This was established by famed paleon­ established, and going into virgin tologist Dr Louis Leakey, who dis­ country to extend the main triangu­ covered wickeri's remains at Fort lation into areas where there had been Ternan in Kenya in 1960. Though no survey control. A sidelight was the other scientists disagreed with the de­ beacon building programme. In most tails of Leakey's classification, most countries beacon positions are marked agreed that wickeri was at least ten by only a plate at ground level and million years old. Since then the pains­ temporary and portable towers are taking digging and sorting has con­ erected over them when measurements tinued. Now, in the latest issue of are made. In Southafrica permanent Nature, Leakey claims to have iden­ concrete beacons, from four to fifty tified a group of man-like creatures feet in height, are the rule. Nearly that are twenty million years old, twice 25,000 of these concrete survey points the age of wickeri. At a press con­ are already dotted around the Re­ ference in Nairobi last week he ex­ SUEVKYORS ATOP BEACON public. plained that a number of jaw and tooth / spy fragments which he had unearthed in surveyors. More than fifty speakers * Also discussed was the locally- Kenya indicated a very small and presented papers on topics ranging invented tellurometer, a distance-mea­ omnivorous protoman, which he will from Analytical and analogue aerial suring device now manufactured in name Kenyapithecus africanus. His triangulation to Wetgewing oor eien- quantity by the French firm Plessey. new discovery, said Leakey, shows that dom. Delegates spoke at length about its the ape and monkey stock must have Point by point. Wits University's field performance and accuracy. diverged from the human stock much Professor of Civil Engineering Des The goods. The conference sessions earlier than previously believed. Midgley began the forum with a talk were held in the university's Great "Man's separation from his closest on water resources, notably the possi­ cousins, the apes," he said, "is now bilities of the Okavango. Then the sur­ carried back more than a million veyors took over in earnest. Among generations—we are cousins a million the discussions: or more times removed." * An outline of current geodetic re­ Link sHIl missing. The divergence of search in southern Africa by Natal apes and men is thus pushed so far University's B. M. Jones. Since back that the problem is no longer geodesy is the study of the size and that of finding an ape-like ancestor shape of the earth and its gravita­ for man but of finding a common tional field, research projects are ancestor for both. The search will now usually very expensive and have no turn to the lemurs and other shrew-like immediate material payoff. Thus geo­ creatures which lived more than twenty detic research in the Republic is very miUion years ago. Leakey is still limited. Jones argued for a bigger digging. geodetic programme on the grounds of national prestige and as a way of combating the brain drain. SURVEYING * A report by a surveyor, Frank Drawing the line Urban, on Rhodesia's Blanket Photo­ Peter Potter, the first surveyor to prac­ graphy—the name for Rhodesia's five- tice in Southafrica, arrived from Hol­ year programme to cover the whole land only five years after van Riebeeck. country with medium scale aerial WILD PHOTOGRAMMETRY MACHINE His services were in constant demand: photography. Begun in 1963. the Depth survey when settlers became free burghers and scheme entails photographing every Hall. Above it, in the Exam Hall, was could own land, the exact delineation corner of Rhodesia at a scale of an exhibition of maps and mapping of farms was imperative. Since then 1:25,000. Sweden, which has a 15- and surveying instruments. Japanese all Southafrica has been surveyed at year programme at a scale of 1:30,000, exhibitors were there in force with new a varied pace and with different de­ is the only other country known to use theodolites and measuring instruments, grees of accuracy. It is a job that is sy.stematic photography of the whole but most prominent were the old still going on. Last week 380 sur­ country. Rhode.sia's photo blanket will heavyweights of surveying instrumen­ veyors from all over the Republic, and be used for forest inventories, agri­ tation, Zeiss and Switzerland's Wild, a few from Europe and the US as well, cultural conservation through the de­ both displaying aerial cameras of gathered at Johannesburg's Witwaters- tection of malpractices such as plough­ boggling intricacy and complexity. rand University for a week-long Sur­ ing hill .slopes and near stream banks, Also on show: an ortho-photogram- vey Conference. Convened by the and mapping. metric viewer which makes an aerial Institute of Land Surveyors of the •*• E. van der Spuy, of the Republic's photo appear in third dimension and Transvaal, it was a forum as well for Trigonometrical Survey Office, dealt lenables the surveyor to determine topographers, mapmakers and mine with the extension of the principal .4 heights from it.

NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 43 RELIGION iiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Meaning of freedom With only 20,000 members, the Kenyan Methodist Church is small, even by local standards. Nevertheless, the work it has done in both the reli­ gious and educational fields makes it one of the more important Kenyan churches. Earlier this month it offi­ cially became independent from the mother church in Britain, and the significance of this event was under­ lined when the Rhodesian Methodist Church, only a few days later, initiated moves to establish its own indepen­ dence. When this is gained, a spokes­ man said, it will give the church more freedom than before in its efforts to enter a wider union with other de­ nominations. Charming fear Of the world's major reUgions, Juda­ ism is perhaps the least tolerant of witchcraft and superstition. Yet either through the "hardness of their hearts" or human weakness, some Jews have strayed from the letter of the law on this matter, a fact pointed out in an article appearing in this month's edition of the Southafrican Jewish Board of Deputies' journal, Jewish Affairs. In it, Capetown Hebrew scholar Dr Toddy Schrire describes a little-known aspect of Jewish cul­ ture, the wearing of amulets — kameoth — to ward off evil influences and bring good luck. In the Name. Obviously having pagan roots, it is a custom which also survives in the ranks of Christians and Muslims. Among Jews, the "Sephardim" — those who live in Muslim countries of the Middle East lEADS THE FIGHT and North Africa —• practice it most widely. Characteristically, they have adapted it to their own outlook and AGAINST FRICTION beliefs. They hold, for instance, that You'll find SKF bearings wherever cians and engineers are always ready amulets have a purely beneficial func­ friction cannot be tolerated. In mining. to work with you on problems of con­ tion, and cannot be used in attempts Transport. Industry. Farming. Even in version or replacement - and to design to work supernatural harm on others. today's delicate astral tracking equip­ and manufacture ancillary equipment Moreover, the efficacy of the kameoth ment. SKF bearings . . . winning the wherever this is necessary. Many of South Africa's largest industries is thought to lie solely in the names battle for you against costly, untimely can testify to the value of this exclusive of God and portions of scripture maintenance shut-downs. SKF service. inscribed in abbreviated form on UNIQUE DESIGN-TECHNICAL SERVKB If you have a bearing problem, phone or them. Our highly-qualified bearing techni write your nearest SKP branch office. Amulets are used for a number of different purposes, ranging from pro­ tection against the "evil eye" to the promotion of fertility. A typical amu­ let contains a formula which first of TN£ WORLD'S FINEST BEARINGS all invokes the name of the God, then that of an angel or angels, and ' products are now made hi Soath Alrica. They match the rl^d International standards Tor which SKF finally a Biblical verse appropriate bearings are famoos. SKP ... lor ball, roller, spherical, tapered or needle bearings. to its purpose. For instance, a fer­ tility amulet will quote Genesis 49:22:

44 NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 "Joseph is a fruitful bough, a fruitful bough by a spring." Some kameoth are merely writings on paper or parchment done by a priest or scribe (today some are even printed). They are folded in a leather or metal holder, and hung around the neck. But being of perishable material, this type of amulet is rare, and far-better known to scholars are those made of metal. Silver is a favourite for amulets, especially in North Africa, where the Jews formed the silversmith class in the commun­ ? ^ "Fve never had it ity. Also designed to be worn around the neck, metal amulets come in any shape from the rectangular to that of so good — a human hand. Wheel of fortune. The "Ashkena- my boss too! zim" or Western European Jews have avoided the kameoth for the most part, believing them to savour of heterodoxy. For this reason, Jewish

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NEV/S/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 45 The trouble with computers is . ..

... people. People, compared with computers are slow ... very slow. But computers, which work in millionths of a second, depend upon people for programmes that may take weeks, months or even years to prepare.

Intolerable! The computer industry has been working on it. We are programming computers to do MOST of the programmer's work — leave him free for creative aspects of programming that computers cannot do.

First steps in computerised programming were automatic coding techniques, followed by "sort" and "report" genera­ tors w^hich automatically prepare sections of programmes or complete programmes on a limited scale.

So NCR developed a new generation of computer software. One of these packages is called BEST (and rightly sol) Business Electronics Systems Technique. Practical benefits? One computer user reported that a systems specialist, using BEST, was able to write a difficult programme complex in six man-weeks ... a task which for­ merly would have taken a full man-year. Another wrote three programmes in half a day each. In each case, the programme was generated and run the following day.

These are extreme examples, of course. But they do indicate the extent to which_ BEST can reduce programming effort. And, since NCR is resolved to DO MORE, there are many packages, like BEST, in NCR our new generation of software worth investigating. BUSINESS COMPUTERS

46 NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 sixth and final volume of his massive iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiii autobiography. Men, Years—Life, and BOOKS covers the time from the end of WWIT Not too far from home to Stalin's death. Paying up. A novelist of some British novelist James {Term of Trial) distinction — he is best known for Barlow has Africa as locale for his The Fall of Paris — Ehrenburg de­ newest book. One Man in the World scribes with exactness the stultification (Hamish Hamilton). The impact on of the arts which took place under Africa of a world which trades in Stalin and the dictator's assertions idealism is probed in Barlow's mythi­ that writing and painting should be cal colony of Angolique. The hero. in the tradition of "socialist realism". Shaun McQuade, leads a UN investi­ What this meant in practice was an gation of oppression in the territory. insistance by the publishers and the Guerrilla warfare escalates, Chinese- all-powerful Writers' Union on op­ financed "help" arrives and the UN timism, a commitment to Marxist sends troops to pacify Angolique. In interpretations of history — a require­ an atmosphere where everyone is on CAROLINE ASTOK ment that made for some curious war the political make, McQuade, a The New Yorker novels — and an eschewing of experi- genuine idealist, is only an embarrass­ bills. mentalism. The result was a genera­ ment to his superiors. Cash in. The Astors, however, aspired tion of stereotypes — noble workers Loser takes all. The novel is barely to true aristocracy, and at the end of on collective farms, heroic factory a narrative; reading like superior the century one of them emigrated to hands, beetle-browed and evil capi­ journalism with, however, the objec­ England, saying that "America is not talists. The war seemed for a time tivity of an academic study. Essen­ a fit place for a gentleman to live". to bring a change. There had been a tially a sociological analysis of an irre­ With his slice of the family fortune (in relaxation during the war as the com- mediably ugly situation, tension and the 1890s the total was estimated at misars and artists, for the duration, interest are created by McQuade's 200m dollars) he "bought" himself a shelved their differences. But the end personal triumphs and defeats. He title. The family had finally arrived. of the war brought an intensification triumphs when, concealing his iden­ His son's wife was the one sign of of strictures. tity, he submits himself to torture and spark in the dull later generations of later successfully persuades the Portu­ the family — Nancy Astor had both guese (who rule the territory) to intro­ drive and wit. The first woman to sit duce substantial reforms. His defeats in the House of Commons, she was are an unfaithful wife, a son killed in tough and strident. Once at a political the troubles and the UN invasion—a meeting a farmer tried to demonstrate tragedy. Barlow makes clear, not only that she was incapable of represent­ for McOuade but for the whole of ing a rural constituency. "How many Southern Africa, toes are there on a pig's foot?" he cried. "Take off your shoe, man, and count for yourself!" Lady Astor yelled. Six generations of money The American Astors still exist, but Having in turn been supplanted by in truncated form. There is no longer cafe society and now the jet set, any Society over which to reign, and America's world of Society is dead. most of the money has gone, inevit­ Yet the power it once wielded is still ably, to a foundation. remembered and the names it con­ jures up are legend. The legend is the substance of Lucy Kavaler's book The One who got away Astors (Harrap), and that is the pity. The story goes that Yevgeny Yev- Her tribe of Astors are merely beings tushenko, foremost of the younger who moved in Society — and Russian post-WWII poets, attended EHRENBURG (EIGHT) WITH EINSTEIN fashioned it — but of the substance of an exhibition of expressionist paint­ More realist than socialist the Astors one is told very little. ings at which Krushchev was also Throughout this period — when the First among the "400". John Jacob present. Disliking one of the paintings cold war was at times within hours Astor I was a German immigrant from Krushchev got into a rage and re­ of turning into a hot one —Ehren­ the town of Walldorf who came to peated an old Russian proverb to the burg travelled, attending peace con­ New York in 1784. He made his for­ effect that only the grave can cure a ferences and addressing meetings. His tune in fur and invested heavily in hunchback. To which Yevtoshenko friends and acquaintances included his son, William Backhouse Astor, replied, "I thought we had outlived scientists and writers, Albert Einstein New York real estate. It was said that the time when the grave was used as and Henry Matisse. At home his could climb to the top of a hill in a means of correction." The reference friends suffered and, he admits, it that city and looking around him cry: was to Stalin's purges, many of the was best for him to remain silent. "This is mine, all mine!" And it was victims of which were writers and "I realised," he records, "the price a this son's wife, the sturdy Caroline artists whose work conflicted with man has to pay for being true 'to Astor who, queenlike, could survey the official ideology. One writer who has men, to the century, to fate'." Hav­ people of New York and in turn say: survived to record Stalin's era in all ing reckoned the price, he paid it. "They are mine!" She ruled with stern its grimness — and from the inside — The private suffering it entailed is disciphne over society; and it was only is Ilya Ehrenburg. His Post-War honestly recorded and makes for a tardily that she accepted the Vander- Years (MacGibbon & Kee) is the moving and terrible book.

NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 47 LEnERS iiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiieiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin^ Red rot bility, a surface persuasiveness. Despite Sir,—Does it make sense? The US their illusions of civilisation and cul­ fighting against Communism in Viet­ ture, all their talk about tolerance and nam and yet opposing Southafrica and fair play, social and racial objectivity, Rhodesia in their fight against a Com­ I am positive these two gentlemen are munist takeover of Southern Africa. perfectly aware most of us have but It must be clear by this time that where two reactions to races and individuals the whites move out of African states, who cross our destiny; we either re­ the Communists move in. That is one ject or accept them on sight. . . . of the main reasons why Ian Smith is Unfortunately, my two contumacious standing firm against demands for opponents, among others, seem occu- majority rule in Rhodesia. pationally compelled to think other­ What is US policy? Fight Commu­ wise." nism, or help it along? Consider Afri­ C. F. van der Merwe, cans. Are they not playing into the Port Elizabeth. hands of the Communists by their de­ You can't win mands for black rule and their positive Sir,—t was amused to read in your attempts to cripple us? Vietnam: article on motor racing (SPORT, Dec surely the US being one of the major 30) that "the combination of engin­ powers in the world could overrun eering power and driving skill of the Vietnam if it suited them? fourteen overseas teams should once Has the US government been infil­ again prove too formidable for the trated by the Communists? Who is four Southafrican and Rhodesian en­ Goldberg speaking for—the President trants". The results of the Southafri­ or "advisers"? How easy it is for the can Grand Prix must have been a Communists to work their way into surprise to you. The only Southafrican key positions. That is the way they set driver not to finish was Sam Tingle to work to gain control. Is the Viet­ as against nine overseas drivers not nam policy not just "eye-wash" for the even making half-way. Your sports democratic countries while Commu­ correspondent must have had a terrible nism is setting in at the core? New Year to write such an ill-informed G. Marais, article, for he does not seem to realise Capetown. that Southafrican drivers know the Kei for black Kyalami circuit, the home of South­ Sir,—Congratulations on printing A. african racing, and the climate, like Wright's interesting letter (Dec 16)— their own racing cars. very brave of you. It is obviously the L. P. Vertenten. work of a rabid black nationalist. He Bloemfontein. he link .seems overjoyed at the prospect of The comparative failure of the over­ kicking whites at random out of an seas entrants was wholly unexpected, independent Transkei, the government since they have dominated the Rand between of which will be able to exercise utter and Southafrican Grands Prix in the and complete baasskap. Unfortunately past. But the Southafrican drivers did however, his letter has one small loop­ not do as well as reader Vertenten 4 hole—in the same breath he preaches claims. John Love was in fact the only against white baasskap. This seems to finisher; neither Luki Botha nor Dave be a rather strange attitude. Is he Charlton completed enough laps to continents fully aware of the antithesis in his count officially. Ed. letter? If he opposes baasskap, why for should it be only white baasskap? A Changed his mind moral crime is a moral crime, no Sir,—In your COVERSTORY on Rhodesia matter what the colour of the criminal. (Dec 16) you mentioned the possi­ passenge Trevor Langley. bility of Mr Wilson becoming dis­ Norman Greenberg, illusioned with his policies. This possi­ Pretoria. bility has unfortunately become a and reality. Now, after a year of nego­ Curt Kurt (cont'd) tiations and talks, he comes up with freight Sir,—Many of us in Port Elizabeth the statement that there will be no have taken grave exception to W. H. independence until black rule. The ROYAL Reynor's false tirade against Kurt statement is, to say the least, abso­ Edwards (LETTERS, Dec 30). "Oom" lutely ridiculous. Kurt has his own unique style, as In his disillusionment he has not INTEROCEAN exemplified in the following extract learnt the lesson that the rest of Africa from one of his letters: has shown when it got premature self- LINES "Collectively, the analogous expo- government. sitories of Messrs Molyneux and Kenneth Costa, KW-RIL-I02I-7 Reynor possess a certain glib plausi­ Letsitele.

48 NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 %^^ A" >•

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NEWS/CHECK 27 JANUARY, 1967 Ne#^clirections. Jet connections. Wherever you go - aboard - abroad - this is the world of Peter Stuyvesant. Rich choice tobaccos in King Size length - so much more to enjoy! 4