Tractors and Trucks in Toyland HARVESTER's BOARD of DIRECTORS

VOL. 41 NO. 12 Tractors and Trucks in Toyland HARVESTER'S BOARD OF DIRECTORS

BEFORE TURNING TO THE BUSINESS at hand in their October meeting, the directors of International Harvester faced the camera for this formal portrait. Clockwise, from lower left: Arnold B. Keller, Chauncey McCormick, Merle J. Trees, Peter V. Moulder, Judson F. Stone, Edward L. Ryerson, John P. Wilson, Fowler McCormick, Secretary Gerard J. Eger, Christian E. Jarchow, Chris L. Christensen, Forest D. Siefkin, John A. Chapman and John L. McCaffrey. Not present when photo was made: Ralph Budd, James R. Leavell, Cyrus McCormick, James L. Palmer and John Stuart.

RALPH BUDD JAMES R. LEAVELL "] BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY

JOHN A. CHAPMAN William Blair & Company September 19, 1918'*

JUDSON F. STONE Management of Estates and Buildings May 3, 1920 Board meeting pholot by ALBERT G. WESTELiN and JOHN LEWIS STAGE CHAUNCEY MCCORMICK Vice President, Miami Corporation December 16, 1926 lORTLY BEFORE 11 A.M., on the third Thursday of JOHN P. WILSON every month, the directors of the International Member of law firm of Wilson & Mcllvaine Harvester company assemble in the Directors' room on May 12, 1927 the 19th floor of the Harvester Building in Chicago. CYRUS MCCORMICK They take their places around a large oval table Retired May 17, 1928 neatly spaced with freshly sharpened pencils, note pads, ash trays and sheafs of mimeographed papers. JAMES R. LEAVELL For several minutes a hum of amiable conversation fills the chamber. Director and former President, Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Company of Chicago Promptly at 11, the directors hitch their chairs closer to the table June 16, 1932 and conversation subsides. For the next two hours the board members

JOHN STUART will be absorbed in the serious business of guiding a large corporation's Chairman of Board, Quaker Oats Company far-flung activities. June 16, 1932 Harvester's 18 directors represent the company's 66,000 stock RALPH BUDD holders and they comprise what Board Chairman Fowler McCormick Chairman of Board, Chicago Transit Authority is proud to call a "working board." July 20, 1936 It is also a balanced board. On its roster are six officers of the MERLE J. TREES company and twelve outside business executives. This combination Chairman of the Board, Chicago Bridge & Iron Company of "inside" and "outside" directors puts Harvester midway between May 13, 1943 two extremes among U. S. corporations, according to Chairman EDWARD L. RYERSON McCormick. Chairman of Board, Inland Steel Company May 9, 1946 "Some firms," he points out, "have all-management boards on the theory that management people, with their intimate knowledge of the CHRIS L. CHRISTENSEN Vice President, The Celotex Corporation business, make the best directors. At the other extreme are those who January 15, 1948 hold that a board should be composed solely of outside directors who can pass judgment on the job management is doing." JAMES L. PALMER President, Marshall Field & Company At the Harvester board table, company officers sit alongside—and January 19, 1950 benefit from the viewpoints of—the board chairman of a large steel company, the retired president of a leading railroad, the former president of a large Chicago bank, the board chairman of a nationally known

FOWLER MCCORMICK cereal company, the president of a world-famous retail merchandising Chairman of Board firm and other business and professional leaders. July 16, 1936 "Since the board makes the final decisions regarding the way we ARNOLD B. KELLER operate our business, we're fortunate to have men of this caliber who Senior Consultant are willing to take time to serve," McCormick adds. "Their contribu- July 16, 1936

JOHN L. MCCAFFREY President December 18, 1941

CHRISTIAN E. JARCHOW Vice President and Comptroller January 16, 1947

FOREST D. SIEFKIN Vice President and General Counsel May 8, 1947

PETER V. MOULDER Executive Vice President May 13, 1948 '*' Date in each case is ti>at on which director joined the board JAMES L. PALMER JOHN STUART CYRUS MCCORMICK BOARD OF DIRECTORS

BOARD CHAIRMAN Fowler McCormick, at the head of the oval table, gives close attention to report of Treasurer Odell, who is present for a part of each meeting. tions through the years have been important factors in Harvester's According to the law under which International Harvester was continued growth." incorporated, all directors must own stock in the company they Compensation received by Harvester directors comes close to serve. IH directors own shares in varying quantities; some have the average for corporarions of comparable size. Board members small holdings, others large. receive one hundred dollars for each meeting attended. McCormick Service records of 20 years or more are not uncommon among regards this fee as "a small price to pay for the benefit of their the board members. Dean of the group, in point of service, is many years of experience." They serve, he believes, because of John A. Chapman, who last year observed his 40th anniversary as a their belief in the company and its policies. director. The most recent addition is James L. Palmer, who is

THE OCTOBER DIRECTORS' MEETING was the first in the company's history to be covered photographically. For candid closeups of the board members at work see pages 5 and 6. JUDSON F. STONE . . . EDWARD L. RYERSON . . . JOHN P. WILSON. CHAUNCEY MCCORMICK . . . MERLE J. TREES . . . PETER V. MOULDER.

PRESIDENT JOHN L. MCCAFFREY . . . ARNOLDS. KELLER. FOREST D. SIEFKIN . . . JOHN A. CHAPMAN.

rounding out his first year. Directors are elected by stockholders enlarging a blast furnace at Wisconsin Steel Works; approved an for three-year terms. They, in turn, elect all company oflScers, appropriation for the erection of a parts depot in Milwaukie, including the board chairman, during their May meeting. Oregon; authorized the sale of property in Kansas City, Missouri; voted to increase credit facilities for the operations of the Mexican subsidiary. A TYPICAL BOARD MEETING opens with Secretary Eger Monthly the board listens to Treasurer Odell's detailed report reading the minutes of the preceding meeting. It ends with a on the company's financial condition. The directors are quick to report by President J. L. McCaffrey on the general business picture. note and question unusual items in receipts and disbursements. In between, the board members come to grips with a diversity Each month they tackle the question of appropriations. Presi of corporate problems. For example, during the last year the dent McCaffrey takes up individually any proposed appropriations board considered the credit problems of an overseas subsidiary, in excess of $25,000, which then are submitted for board approval. the matter of plant expansion in Canton, Illinois, and the question The board also passes on contributions and donations larger than of annuity plans for employes, as well as many other problems. $5,000 and salary recommendations in excess of $12,000. During the board's October meeting, photographed on these At regular intervals, the directors review the company's profit pages, the directors: approved an appropriation for relining and situation and consider payment of dividends on preferred and BOARD OF DIRECTORS

CHRISTIAN E. JARCHOW . . . CHRIS L. CHRISTENSEN. SECRETARY GERARD J. EGER TREASURER WILLIAM R. ODELL, JR.

common stock. They study Comptroller Jarchow's exhaustive committee meets on the first Tuesday of each month and acts on report on company earnings before deciding how much to pay matters which can't wait until the regular board meeting. Besides shareholders and how much to leave in the business for expansion serving as a screening committee for the full board, its principal and security. purpose is to provide top management approval more than once a Four times a year, the board takes a long-range view of the month. capital expenditure program and analyzes management's forecast of Traditionally, of course. Harvester ofiicers have called on board expenditures for the next three years. members for guidance more often than once—or even twice— a Like the majority of larger U. S. corporations. Harvester has an month. The directors, on numerous occasions, have contributed executive committee which is empowered, under certain circum their advice and counsel by telephone, by correspondence and over stances, to act for the board. In Harvester's case, the executive luncheon tables. Around the clock and over the years they have committee consists of eight members and two alternates, all demonstrated their willingness to serve. And they have proved, members of the board. McCormick serves as chairman. The indeed, to be a "working board."

CHAIRMAN MCCORMICK AND PRESIDENT MCCAFFREY (tight), at opposite ends of the table, are caught by the camera in look-alike poses. As chairman, McCormick is the company's chief executive officer and, subject to the board, the chief policy-making officer. McCaffrey is the chief operating officer, has general charge of the operation of the business. FARMER KUTZ REVIEWS HIS YEAR

By JEANNE LAMOREAUX

DON KUTZ LOOKS OVER his 350 acres in southeastern Wisconsin, •oncludes that last season was a good one, hopes next year will be better.

I ID WAY BETWEEN Fort Atkinson and White water, Wisconsin, where the good black land lies level and the ring of hills turns blue in the distance, you can follow county trunk N till you get to Cold Springs, rake a sharp turn to your left, and drive into the farmyard of Don Kutz and his brother. Ken. Don is a young farmer, 27 years old, with a wife and ten-month- old son. He lives and works on the farm that's been in his family for three generations. A combination dairy and stock farm, it stretches over 350 fertile acres—240 acres in one section and the remaining acreage a short distance away. Don and Ken have friends who work in town, but for them selves, they'll take farming. They like their independence, and they respond to the challenge that farming essentially is. As they explain it, farming is pretty much of a gamble, with two big IF's: Weather and Prices. And being a farmer is like running a race, you're always trying to keep with Time. But most often, when summer is over and the crops are harvested, the farmer can look back over the season and know that he has won the battle of time and the elements. The weather may not have been what he would have ordered, he may have had to put in long hours to get his work done, but he has a full granary and corn crib and he knows his animals won't go hungry over the winter. He is satisfied. Let Don tell you how he and Ken tussled with Nature to come out ahead. FARMER KUTZ

*'Our corn was fair to good..."

"YOU'VE GOT TO FIGURE the angles in farming, like any other kind of business," says Farmer Kutz. "So, to make a profit off of our animals, we have to grow all the feed that we can. Our big crops, then, are oats, hay and corn. Here is the story of our corn crop: "Like they say in California every time it rains, last summer we had very unusual weather. It was a late spring, you remem ber, and we couldn't even get into our fields until almost the end of April. We had to wait until the ground thawed out and dried out before we could plow and do any planting. Usually this happens in March, but last year we didn't even start till amost the end of April. We used our Farmall M tractor to plow, and our TD-6 crawler tractor for discing and dragging, because it doesn't leave any wheel marks. We began planting May 14, using a two- row corn planter with a fertilizer attach ment. We didn't finish until July 4th, and corn, you know, is supposed to be knee-high by the Fourth of July. The weather was terrible. It rained so much we had to plant one corn field twice, and in the end had to forget about it because the corn just drowned and it got too late to do anything more about it. "Next we had to cultivate our corn fields, most of them twice, some three times. And we sprayed for corn borer, and could really tell the difference. Around this time, too, we baled our first crop of hay.

"EARLY IN SEPTEMBER the corn was ready for silage, and about 60 of our 123 acres of corn went into the silo. We put our Farmall M tractor on the chopper (to cut up the corn and stalks), and used our Farmall B and the ttuck to haul the loads to the silo. Our crawler supplied power for the blower, and in a couple of days we had our two silos filled. Then we filled "IT WAS THE END OF APRIL when we started plowing and disking our lields three others for neighbors. "It was Friday, the third of November, when I took some samples of corn into Pholot by ALBERT 0. WESTELIN Fort Atkinson, where I am taking some agriculture courses under the GI bill, and had a moisture test made on it. It tested about 26 per cent, but I figured that over "WE BEGAN PLANTING CORN May 14, Using a two-row planter.' 'WE HAD TO PUT IN long hours to get our work all done."

'WE CULTIVATED OUR CORN FIELDS twice, some of them three times . . . This was a big job, for we had 123 acres planted to corn.'

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"BY JUNE 9 THE CORN was just about shoe-top level." "BY JULY FOURTH the early corn had grown knee-high." "IT WAS SHOULDER-HIGH by August 1." FARMER KUTZ. ..OUR CORN WAS FAIR TO GOOD

the weekend it would go down to 24, "So we decided to wait for better Corn needs hot nights, and we just didn't which would be just about right. Monday weather, and sure enough, Wednesday we get enough of them. The ears were not we picked two loads, but the weather was got a nice light fog. With our McCormick filled out all the way to the ends, so we not ideal for picking. We like to pick in corn picker it took us only four days to didn't get as good a corn crop as we foggy, damp weather because then the finish our corn harvesting for the year. usually do. Even so, we were more ears come out nice and clean. When it's "All in all, our corn was fair to good. fortunate than many of our neighbors who warm and dry the husks want to go right The growing season was too short, the didn't get a corn crop at all. through the rollers with the ears. weather too cool for the very best corn. "And that's how we did with our corn. i^Hi

rHE BAR STARTED to fotm the last of July." "IT HAD GROWN considerably in another month." "BY SEPTEMBER it was a fully developed ear.'

"MONDAY WB PICKED two loads, but the weather was not ideal for picking."

"WHEN IT'S WARM AND DRY, the husks want to go through the rollers with the eats." 10 "IT WAS A GOOD YEAR for oats, the heads were nicely filled out." "AROUND THE FIRST of August we started to cut out oats and barley.'

''But our oats v\^ere better..."

"WITH OUR GRAIN, we did better. on a Friday, but it rained. So Ken and I We started plowing April 26, and in two started alone on Sunday, with my wife, weeks, with the help of our McCormick Jean, helping out by driving the tractor on grain drill, we had 68 acres planted to oats the bundle wagon. Monday the crew came, and barley. 14 men in all. Jean, with the help of a "Our oats matured well, they seemed to neighbor lady, served a hot meal of ham, like the cool weather, and the heads were potatoes, carrots and frozen cherry pies nicely filled out. Around the first of at noon, and we finished up that afternoon. August we started to cut and shock our "It took us about a week and a day to grain. August 7 we began threshing. get around the threshing ring. And now "This is the last year for our stationery our granary is filled to the top with about thresher. Most of the farmers around here 3,289 bushels of oats, and we have 502 have already switched over to combines. bushels of barley to sell when the price is Makes it hard to get a threshing crew right. together now. Next year Ken and I are going to have a combine. Some folks say they like to drive through the countryside "BY THE TIME we finished threshing, and see the grain shocks standing in the it was time to bale our second crop of hay. fields. It may look picturesque, but for us We used the mower on our Farmall B and it certainly isn't worth the long days and cut one day, let the hay dry a day. Then nights of cutting, shocking and threshing we went through again with the side rake "OUR OATS matured well; grain. and windrowed the hay, and let it dry they seemed to like the cool weather.' "We had everything ready for threshing another day. Then we put our new baler 11 FARMER KUTZ on the Farmall M, loaded the bales on a wagon and hauled them to the barn with the Farmall B. After doing a httle custom baling for some neighbors, we baled up our own straw stacks, because it's awfully nice in winter, when those cold winds blow, to have the straw handy in the barn instead of outside in stacks. My wife pitched in and helped get the job done by loading bales from the loader onto the wagon. "That about takes care of how we grew and harvested our principal crops last summer. I guess our animals will be well fed this winter.

"SOME FOLKS SAY they like to see the grain shocks standing in the field."

"WE HAD 68 ACRES of oats and batley to cut and shock.'

"NEXT YEAR we are going to have a combine." "AUGUST 7 WE BEGAN threshing. This is the last year for our stationary thresher." 12 "AND TEN LITTLE black and white calves for our herd two yeats from now.'

"WB HAVE A HERD of 29 milking cows, all Holsteins ..."

''And we start in again in the spring M

"ALL IN ALL, it was a fairly good year. year Ken and I have spent $5,000 of our We expect that the gross income from this profits for new machinery. farm will run around $20,000. This will "Machinery, we feel, is the farmer's best come from the sale of milk and livestock, friend. My dad had a lot of it, all Inter plus the little barley that we won't need national Harvester, when we took over the ourselves. place, and we've bought a lot more. That "We have a herd of 29 milking cows, all was my dad's way of doing things, putting Holsteins. And right now, ten little black the profits back into the farm, and we are and white calves for our herd two years following his example. from now. We milk twice a day and sell "This farm, I think you would say, is about eight cans. In the summer we get almost completely mechanized. We have a up to as high as 16. Farmall M and a Farmall B and a TD-6 "We also raise Aberdeen Angus to sell crawler tractor. These three tractors have for beef. We have 8 cows, 9 yearlings, and replaced 12 draft horses. We have an four two-year heifers. Most of our hogs International motor truck, a corn planter we truck down to Fort Atkinson and sell to the Jones Dairy farm for sausage. Last spring we sold 60 hogs, and 48 in the fall. We have 8 brood sows and 54 little pigs "WE GET ABOUT EIGHT cans of milk right now. four each in the morning and evening.' "My brother and I farm this land on halves with my father. He furnishes the land and we furnish the machinery, and we split the profits 50-50. Already this FARMER KUTZ

"WE'VE GOT A BIG INVESTMENT in machinery, but it is an investment, and one that pays oft. "

"IN THE HOUSE we have an'International Harvester freezer and an IH refrigerator.

"MOST OF OUR HOGS we truck to BESIDES OUR HOLSTEINS, we raise Fort Atkinson and sell for sausage." Aberdeen Angus to sell for beef."

and picker and chopper, a grain drill, binder, now we'd like to get more land to work. threshing machine, mower, side rake, "Well, it's winter now. And what are baler, and all the tillage tools. In our dairy we doing? Milking twice a day, feeding barn we have two McCormick milker units and exercising the animals, puttering and a milk cooler. And in the house we around in the workshop getting things have an International Harvester refrigera ready for next year, and hoping for an tor and freezer. early spring and good prices for milk and "We've got a big investment in ma hogs and beef. That's the life of the chinery, but it is an investment, and one farmer. Last season was good, but maybe that pays off. It gets our work done, and the next one will be better."

14 story and pholot by JACKSON HAND

FARMER A»"'

Billy Penhall's

fashionable crops demand

special know-how .. .

expert care ... hard work

the year around %:rrn

NATURAL DARK RANCH MINK, worth up to $40 a pelt in its best MINK FARMER BILLY PENHALL of Waterdown, Ontario, proudly displays a Sapphire grades, are the mainstay of Billy's herd. This is the "standard" mink, an animal of considerable value to him for breeding purposes. Mrs. color from which the less expensive mink coats are made. Penhall, at the wheel of their Farmall Cub, shares her husband's interest.

|ARMER Billy Penhall owns In the early 1800's, the rugged frontiers ranching had climbed out of the tomfoolery 15 acres of sylvan para men who ran traplines as a means of class into that of respectable enterprises. dise, complete with spring livelihood would occasionally find a mink Billy Penhall, who last year grossed in and running brook, high spitting and snarling at them from traps the neighborhood of $40,000 from his up among the bluffs intended for beaver or muskrat. At trading mink ranch, is in the pelting business. above Hamilton, Ontario, posts, where they brought the mink pelts, Others raise mink for breeding purposes. at the edge of a little the representatives of John Jacob Astor Billy runs his farm with the help of Mrs. village called Waterdown. and the Hudson's Bay company and others Penhall, a young helper named Don The fact that he lives in a place that would take the mink pelts oflF the trappers' Parker, and a Farmall Cub which does would be the envy of every "Mr. Blandings" hands, just to keep them happy. And most of the work—hauling feed, cutting isn't what makes him unique, for trees, then they would burn them. Because up the marsh hay into suitable mink hills, water and a view of the sky are things nobody wanted them. bedding, plowing snow, and substituting, almost every farmer has in common. But Around the time of the first World War, with a trailer, for a truck. Farmer Penhall's crops are quite out of the fashion started to focus on the shining, "Raising mink," says Billy, "is essen ordinary. He raises mink. tawny richness of mink . . . and the tables tially feeding and breeding and man Youthful, husky, 60-year-old Billy Pen were turned. Trappers began cursing the agement." hall is one of North America's relatively muskrat and beaver which sprang the traps On the surface, mink feeding looks like few outstanding mink men—men who they were now setting for mink. mass production at its least meticulous have built the mink-ranching business up Then a few enterprising souls began level. Horse meat is the basic ration. from nothing to a value of $35,000,000 trying to raise the valuable little animals in With it are mixed such unappetizing things a year. captivity. And by the late 1930's, mink as tripe, lungs, fiver, dried milk, and

15 MINK FARMER

chicken waste, along with such extraor dinary things as vitamin concentrates, wheat germ meal (to stimulate repro- ductivity), cobalt (for rare and important vitamin B 12), and tomatoes for vitamin C. The appearance of mass production, however, is entirely misleading. No housewife with her little meat grinder and food mixer could put more loving care into a meal for her family than Billy does with his huge grinder and gigantic mixing machine. In his mixing room, sanitation is observed just as carefully as it is in the finest hotel. Except, probably, the mink farmer is more fastidious about what he feeds his animals than the typical chef is about what he feeds to people. When the food for Billy's mink is mixed, it is emptied into dozens of milk pails which ride out to the mink yard on a platform behind the Farmall Cub. Mrs. Penhall usually drives the tractor up a curving road to the mink pens, and as she makes her way between the rows, Billy and Don Parker throw a well-estimated handful of the mixed feed on top of the wire screen of which each pen is made. "The objective is to feed just the right amount," Billy points out, "so that there's a little left each morning. That way you know the mink has had all it wants. However, the less the mink leaves, the better. It's waste, you know. The mink MRS. PENHALL ROLLS a Cub-load of food past the mink yaid to the sheds under which the pelting stock might eat it, mixed in with fresh food, but is kept. Rations ate of two kinds—one for the pelters, to make them big and well furred, and another that isn't the way to raise top-price pelts. for the breeders, to make them healthy and prohfic. Careful feeding is key to Penhall's success. "After a man has worked his pens for awhile, he gets to know the appetite of each animal, and whether it will eat a little more or a little less than the average." (The mink, incidentally, despite the fact that not one of them ever lived a minute in the wild, spend the entire night eating. They'll sneak out of their nest boxes, creep up to the little mound of ground-up food, snatch a mouthful, and dart back to the nest box to eat it. There's no taming a mink, even after 15 to 20 gener ations of life in a wire pen measuring four feet deep by about two feet wide and high.) Mendel's laws of genetics work overtime in the mink business. Billy Penhall can make your head swim with conversation about genes, "carriers," possibles, hybrids, dihibrids, and the like. Actually, most of the valuable pelts at auction time are the THE MINK PULL FOOD through the wite by the EVERYTHING THAT STICKS OUT On a Farmall Cub result of accidents which took place during mouthful, retiring to the nest box (through the has a pail hanging on it when the tractot goes standard crosses of regular dark ranch mink. round hole) or to a dark corner of the pen to eat down the hill for another load. Bruck Hunter, Now and then a rancher is surprised to find it before "sneaking up" for another helping. a neighbor's boy, prefers the Cub to the mink. a kit in a litter that doesn't look like its

16 so NEW IT HARDLY EXISTS as yet is the Palomino mutation, develupeJ by ONE OF THE HARDEST COLORS to maintain is the pure white mutation mink, Rancher Johnnie Caine, in Alberta, Canada. Mrs. Caine is shown comparing since the kits often show a sprinkling of dark hairs in the guard fur. This the Palomino's color with a $20 gold piece. Holding the mink is Harry Snowhite is a prize breeder, worth several hundred dollars. Mutation mink LaDue, editor of American Fur Breeder and perennial judge at mink shows. in one shade or another constitute the major portion of the mink market.

brothers and sisters. Such "mutations" are raised carefully, since the first head of Herefords into the Hamilton, Ontario, area in they might turn out to be "new" mink of fabulous commercial 1901. The elder Mr. Penhall had visited Canada in his youth— value. and was for a time a member of its famed Royal Mounted Police. Billy sends his pelts to the Hudson's Bay company, which is When he married, he decided that Canada was the place to raise still in the fur business after these hundreds of years. The company, his family. Billy grew up on a cattle farm, joined the Royal in turn, takes them to auction houses which are located primarily Canadian Air Force during the first World War, then got married in New York, Seattle, Minneapolis, and a few other cities. in 1922. Furs go to market in bundles of 50—about the number required Mrs. Penhall, who uses the Cub to plow, disc, and cultivate her to make a fur coat. Fur buyers, often bidding in 40,000 to 50,000 extensive flower gardens, is just as earnestly a mink man as is her pelts in a two-day session, inspect every fur in a bundle before husband. When they plan their vacations, the argument isn't they bid on it. "the seashore vs. the mountains." Instead, the problem is to figure "The color, the smoothness of the guard fur, the contrast out a vacation itinerary which will let them visit the maximum of between it and the under fur—these are what the buyers look for," outstanding mink farms throughout Canada and the United States. Billy says. "But they're also interested in uniformity. A bundle The success of a vacation is measured in their minds by the quality —sometimes with male pelts for the body of a coat and female of the new breeding stock they may have purchased, by the ideas furs for the sleeves—must be uniform, if it is to make a coat of they may have picked up for cutting costs or improving the well-matched skins." quality and quantity of production, and by the numbers of new Billy, whose pelts have been averaging about $40 at the auctions friends they may have made among mink ranchers and their wives. while the industry average is $20, is one of the best operators in the Their farm and its betterment are rarely ofi" their minds, they business. Partly this is because he works hard. And, also, he admit. had good qualifications to start. "But that doesn't make us any different from other types of He comes from animal-loving people. His father, a breeder of farmers, does it.'*" Billy wants to know. And, of course, it Hereford cattle and Shire horses in Herefordshire, England, brought doesn't. 17 IN ACTION

By MERCEDES J. HURST

Photos by TOWNSEND GODSEY

EDITOR'S NOTE: Tf>e states of the agricultural South have made the greatest progress in the last decade in the mechanization of their farming. As a result, much of the energies and manpower of the region could he diverted to industrial development and expansion, a process that had occurred much earlier in the North and East. To see and record C. HAMILTON MOSES is the driving force behind ilie Arkansas how this process has been working out in one state, Harvester World program of "Communities in Action." He planted the idea, sent one of its writers to Arkansas. Herewith her impressions: helped see it through. AH Arkansas took up his challenge.

IVERY AUTOMOBILE LICENSE PLATE in Arkan sas is a moving reminder that the state is a "Land of Opportunity." Along the highways bold signs make known the fact that "Arkansas is in Action." Make no mistake. These are not mere words. They are facts. Anyone knows that when oppor tunity and action team up things are bound to happen. Things are happening in Arkansas. Big things. That's the kernel of the story of Arkansas today. Today, more than 125 communities in the state are entered in a contest to see which can build the best community in which to live. Everywhere one looks, there are sketched blueprints for better home towns, libraries and municipal centers, hard-surfaced roads and streets. Forward-looking plans call for new sewer systems, new parks and new playgrounds, and adequate parking space to accommodate rural trade. Local industrial foundations have been created to attract new business to "home towns." Attracted by the forward march in Arkansas, many industries have moved into the state—including a three-million-dollar THE TOWERING STACKS of the Lion Oil Refinery Company back incandescent lamp factory, garment plants, shoe factories and textile of Clarence L. Taylor are evidence of Arkansas' wealth in oil. mills. But many more new indusuies have been born in the state

18 G. B. RYLAND proudly displays a 500-pound bale J. o. DOCKINS, assistant director in charge of Univer OLIN WOOD AND w. A. RUCKER are justly proud of cotton as it comes from the gin. Cotton is still sity of Arkansas Rice Experiment Station, examines of the Pinecrest Mills, which provides em king of Arkansas crops, but it has great rivals. the grain near Stuttgart in the state's Grand Prairie. ployment for more than 250 in Pine Bluff.

—manufacturing, potato canning, paper government planning and working to products, pickle plants, and a tremendous gether, utilizing the vast resources of labor, new industry in chickens and eggs. Wagon education, research. factories have converted to furniture fac Of course, the first step was to sell the tories. The list could go on and on—for people of Arkansas on their Land of Oppor everywhere in Arkansas people are moving tunity. That was no swivel chair job. It ahead. wasn't a job that could be done by remote How did all this community action start? control. The men in the sponsoring Most anyone in Arkansas will say that it organizations took to the road. Like was C. Hamilton Moses, president of minute men, they fanned out in every the Arkansas Power and Light Company, direction all over the state—to every who dreamed up the idea of "building your crossroads, village and town. Their story community" and community meetings. (let me quote from one of Mr. Moses' Mr. Moses is the last to take credit. He is speeches): a very modest man. "You have been waiting for Washington The big program started shortly after to do the job . . . too many of you have World War II. The demands of the war forgotten in good times that this nation was had called for many of the raw materials founded on faith and the dignity of the and the energies of the people in Arkansas. individual . . . faith in ourselves, in our It had been a busy, active era. Something institutions and in our God. L. I. KELLER (left), distributor from Saigon, should be done to continue this activity, "There is only one place where you can Indo-China, discusses his trip to the U.S.A. to so some of the state leaders thought. The get the answer to your fate and future. The study rice growing with C. A. Lyon (right) and state still had abundant supplies of rich, place is not Washington, where you have H. H. Hedges, Jr. (standing). International raw materials and resources. It still had been looking. It's back at the crossroads. Harvester district managers in Little Rock. its people. Something should be done to The person with the answer is you, Mr. utilize the opportunities in the state and Average Citizen." provide jobs for people in the state. Old and young afike were thrilled with JOHN BAKER of the Crossett Lumber From the start, the philosophy was that the challenge put before them—creating company surveys his valuable in "the invincible force that will save our jobs in their own back yards—working ventory with knowing appraisal. country is right back here at the crossroads with neighbors and friends to improve —in the hearts and spirits of our people— their community—even adding and creating away back at the grass roots." new industries. It was a refreshing view To make a long story short, Mr. Moses point. It was healthy. It had the flavor planted the idea. The State Chamber of of the pioneer spirit. Commerce agreed. The Arkansas Eco nomic Council was formed, represenring business interests, and it went along whole ON MY FIRST MORNING in Little Rock heartedly. So did the state—through the headlines in Little Rock's Arkansas Gazette Resources and Development Commission. explained the activity in the lobby of my The Institute of Science and Technology at hotel. A big parade was scheduled, a the University of Arkansas offered assist prelude to the eleventh annual Arkansas ance. These sponsors not only agreed on Live Stock Show. Shortly, everyone in the the plan, they went to work on it. lobby cleared out, headed for the big Here, for the first time, was business and parade. Everyone in the dining room ARKANSAS IN ACTION

A BOY AND HIS MULE bring the "cotton picking" from the field. Tractor power is COTTON PICKING IS a vanishing art. Experienced supplanting mule power on most acreages, but the venerable beast of burden still earns workers pick with both hands in rhythm, get his feed. every bit of cotton with one swoop. rushed through ham and a "fresh yard egg" has been the establishment of more than or hominy grits and went on his way. I a dozen streamlined plants that manu was left alone with the Gazette. facture all kinds of artificial bait, half a Through the columns of that newspaper dozen big factories that turn out aluminum I learned that raising of livestock in Arkan and plywood boats. Recreation has become sas is growing more important each year. big business in the state. In a relatively few short years, it has become Everyone in Arkansas goes in for sports a big business in the state. But that fits —fishing and duck hunting and squirrel right into the state's program for more hunting and deer hunting. They enjoy diversification, in agriculture as well as in living. industry. Of course, cotton is still king, Arkansas is among the most self-sufficient but it now has some great rivals—like states in the Union, these Arkansas Har •«^.y livestock and rice, soy beans and alfalfa, vester men said. That's because of the corn and oats. That's good, according to varied types of crops. Arkansas has the the forward-looking people in Arkansas. only known sizable supply of bauxite in Years ago, when cotton was the one crop of the U.S.A. (That's aluminum ore, some Arkansas, boll weevils and bad weather of which is used in a number of Harvester could mean tragedy. While boll weevils products.) The list of resources goes way ENTIRE FAMILIES GO into the fields to pick the and bad weather still take their toll, down the line. Besides coal, and natural "cotton snowballs" by hand. But for even the diversified crops and industries serve as an gas in huge quantities, there are deposits most experienced pickers, it's slow, arduous work. economic balance. of barite, gypsum, and sandglass, chalk, C. A. Lyon, manager of Harvester's Little limestone and manganese. Why, Arkansas Rock general sales district, and his two even has diamonds in its own back yard— assistants, Fred Tesche and Don Long, the only place on the North American joined me for the second cup of coflfee. We continent! had about five minutes of nice, polite, get- H. H. Hedges, Jr., district manager of acquainted conversation before they got International motor truck sales, gave me into earnest talk on my week ahead in the background story of the state, as he Arkansas. But they didn't waste those took me on a tour through museums and precious five minutes. They got in a few exhibits and the State Capitol building. choice bits of information about their state. Then we went for a ride through the rolling, Arkansas has many more miles of good residential sections of Little Rock, where fishing streams than any other state in the houses are spaced in nice lawns so everyone Union. And, according to the stories of can breathe good, fresh air. We stopped these Harvester men, it isn't necessary to in to see Mr. Hugh Patterson, publisher have sophisticated bait to lure a fish onto of the Gazette, who added more pertinent the hook. As proof, Fred Tesche tells the facts about the state. story of the country lad who said he caught There were no definite plans for my a 27-inch catfish on a "little old frazzlin' week in Arkansas until late afternoon, when THE MCCORMICK COTTON PICKER playS an red worm." Mr. Lyon and I were talking with C. important role in Arkansas, where remarkable But it is significant that among the Hamilton Moses. It was all very refresh progress is being made in the mechanization "diversified" developments in Arkansas ing—just to sit there in Mr. Moses' office of farming.

20 and listen to him tell the "success" stories wasn't the kind of trip one plans for a to it. Pick with both hands and get every of communities in every part of the state. leisurely, lazy Sunday afternoon. bit of cotton with one swoop. I didn't That man's interest is fluid! It trickles in Even the charted course didn't show all. do so well. I picked for about 15 minutes, every direction—into every activity or It didn't show that we wouldn't be always but I didn't pick a nickel's worth. Sud personality that touches on Arkansas. traveling on Arkansas' good paved high denly I realized that I was glad International And his interest is backed with action. ways. It didn't show tramping in cotton Harvester has done something to make fields and riding through puddles of water cotton picking easier and less costly. to get to the oil fields, or bumping across Everywhere one looks he can see mecha WHAT DID I WANT to see in Arkansas? fields to find herds of cattle grazing on the nized farming in Arkansas! Arkansas is in The beautiful hilly section in the west levee. It didn't show breakfast at 6:30 a.m. action. and southwestern area? That's a grand so we could be in the deep forests by 7 to It was fun to be at the commissary on vacation spot. That's the area, too, where look for pictures. the plantation when all the youngsters came along with other new industries poultry That first day wasn't over even after we in from school; it was interesting to be at raising has become important. left Mr. Moses' office with the charted the gin to watch the seeds separated from It sounded mighty attractive. I like course. We picked up Townsend Godsey, the cotton and to watch the 500-pound chicken. I like picnics—and I was getting the photographer, and all his paraphernalia, bales come out ready for shipping. tired. But I said, "Not this time." headed southeast out past the bauxite It was at the gin that someone mentioned Did I want to go north to see Harding mines, and went on to Pine Bluflf about the Pendleton Ferry, which is powered and College at Searcy, some of the new shoe 50 miles away. guided by a Farmall M tractor. If we hur manufacturing plants and—most of all— Pine Bluff is a good example of the ried, maybe we could get a picture before the hooked rugs of Rebecca Andrews and "Build Your Own Community" program dark. We struck out by way of back roads Mr. Harry King? Mrs. Leslie Sturdivant in Arkansas. The citizens in that town to cut off miles, turned just beyond the in McCrory had offered to have a rug (population 37,147) raised $100,000 to Dark Corners Christian Church and kept "hookin' party." attract new industry. Result: one of the on going until we crossed the highway at I wanted to say "Yes." Any woman most modern textile mills in the country, Dumas, then drove on several miles to the would. But, instead, I said, "I've never giving employment to more than 250 ferry. The ferry provides the only crossing seen cotton picking." persons. Pine Bluff is the bow and arrow of the Arkansas River between Pine Bluff That settled the question. Mr. Moses manufacturing center of the world. and Greenville, Mississippi—a distance of and Mr. Lyon took out a map of the state. Traveling down the highway from Pine about 100 miles as the crow flies. They charted a course down through the Bluff, it was easy to spot folks fishing on The Arkansas River looked rather peace rich Delta region for cotton and cattle the river. But we didn't stay on the high ful and likeable as it meandered around raising, on to Crossett for lumber, to El way; the trail of tiny "cotton snowballs" sand bars and curves that evening at dusk. Dorado for oil, and back to Stuttgart in led us up byways to big cotton fields. No one would have surmised that often in the Grand Prairie for rice harvesting. It I tried picking cotton. There's rhythm the spring of the year it goes on a rampage,

P%^ ^^,

A MCCORMICK FARMALL M TRACTOR which earlier THE COMMISSARY ON A PLANTATION, reminiscent of the COTTON COMES into the Pinecrest Mills in the year had helped prepare the fields for old-time general store, is full of interest and charm in bales. Much of it leaves this modern cultivation, hauls a load of cotton to the gin. when school is over and work is done for the day. textile plant in finished products.

21 ARKANSAS IN ACTION

feet above its bank, and clutches up every he sold the oxen and bought some mules. thing in its path. (Wasn't it Cleopatra who His company grew. He sold the mules used to tax her subjects according to the and bought a small International tractor. depth of the flood waters along the Nile Business continued to grow. Today James River?) Henderson is one of the big and most The people of Arkansas have a good respected contractors in the forests, and understanding of taxes, along with other his supply of International Harvester equip governmental issues. Taxes are discussed ment includes three industrial power units, at their Community meetings. And once five tractors and three trucks. a year the state's congressional representa We looked at our watches. 11:30! So tives in Washington are called home for a soon? And we were due in Stuttgart — Congressional Forum, to give an account 130 miles way up yonder—for lunch at ing of their stewardship and answer 12:30. We didn't make it. But, as Fred H. L. DOWLING, OF BROWN-DOWLING. Harvester questions. Tesche says, "Sit tight in the buggy, and dealership in El Dorado, inspects an International we'll be off like a herd of turtles." industrial power unit in the oil fields. It was at Lake Village the next morning that we opened up gates and rode across Stuttgart is in the heart of the rice area fields to hunt the pictures we never got of in the Grand Prairie. First we went to the cattle grazing on the levee. But at El Experimental Station of the University of Dorado—west nearly 100 miles—the oil Arkansas, where many types of tests are fields stood still even though they were in carried on continuously to determine which action. We went out to pay homage to types of rice and what growing conditions, one of the many International Harvester methods, and such, are most suitable for power units that pump oil night and day the Arkansas area. We saw Harvester without a whit of supervision. The thou combines busy in the fields; we saw truck- sands of lights and the tall stacks at the loads of rice lined up for blocks, waiting refineries transformed the whole town of to get into the mills. The rice industry—• El Dorado into a sort of make-believe second largest from the soil in Arkansas world just as night was falling. —makes an impressive sight. Have you ever been in Arkansas, out in Stuttgart, too, is the "duck hunting" the country, in the early fall, in evening? capital of the world. Each year thousands Dusk falls, then night comes quickly. And of hunters trek into the state for the sport. the smell of charcoal and pine suggests Frankly, I doubt if the sport is as much that you're in Crossett, the heart of one of fun as the stories I heard about some of the great lumber areas of Arkansas. these rifle-toting "foreigners." Robert E. Collins of the Crossett Lumber Back in Little Rock, we stopped by at

SAFETY MEASURES AND CLEANLINESS are among Company joined our party the next morn the beautiful high school. J. B. Matthews, the outstanding features that impress visitors at ing. He told us the story of selective principal, told us that more than 1,800 the Lion Oil Refinery company. Catalytic crack cutting so that the forests would perpetuate students were enrolled; more than 50% ing unit has daily capacity of 6,500 barrels. themselves. He knew where the contrac of the graduates each year go on to college. tors would be cutting and hauling the logs Mr. Matthews took time to explain the in the forests. We started. many varied courses offered in the high Ever try to find the exact spot where men school, but he didn't know he was ending are cutting logs in a big forest? If you our story. He gave us an opportunity have, you'll know how you drive down the to see the high-school band drilling on roads through the big woods, cut off the the football field, getting ready for the first motor of your car, get out of the car and conference football game of the season. cup your ear to hear the distant buzz of There was a stadium finer than many college the saws. It's faint, but you can hear if stadia. There was the band, a hundred you listen. Then you start off in the gen strong—Arkansas boys and girls—marching eral direction—on foot, of course. along, heads up, making formations to On the trek into the forests, we came "Where Did You Get That Hat?"—then across a story typically American: butsting the air with "Hail to the Old Gold." There are many more things to tell about TEN YEARS AGO James Henderson was Arkansas and its people—gracious and a worker with a crew cutting and hauling hospitable. But the place to leave Arkansas FARMALL M TRACTOR powers and guides ferry to logs. His ambition was to have his own is there with its youth. They have a rich provide the only crossing of Arkansas River crew of workers. So he bought a yoke of heritage. They're marching along, heads between Pine Bluff and Greenville, Mississippi. oxen and started his own company. Soon up—and they're out to win.

22 OUT OF SEASON, when there were no tomatoes JAMES HENDERSON'S DREAM Came true. He started LITTLl: K( Jl K 1111,11 M 111),),. ,.ii, . , , ,, ,, ,,,,.:,,,,,,, or cotton to cultivate with his Farmall Cub out with a yoke of oxen, now owns and operates his ties to its more than 1,800 students; it expects tractor, A. B. Wood built his attractive country own contracting company in the forests near Crossett. much from them. The beautiful modern school home between Pine Bluff and Hamburg. Photo below shows his men and machines in action. points up the state's progressiveness.

"WHERE DID YOU GET THAT HAT?" is one of the featured numbers of the Little Rock High School band, shown here in an autumn practice session.

HARVESTER WO R LD IS PUBLISHED BY THE INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY • 180 NORTH MICHIGAN AVE. • CHICAGO 1, ILL.

POWERFUL INTERNATIONAL UNITS Combined with the know-how of men are GERALD D. HURLEY, EDITOR • EVELYN needed to cut and haul timbers in these forests where selective cutting is practiced. MOULTON, ASSISTANT TO THE EDITOR 23 HARVESTER WORLD

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ARKANSAS IN ACTION Story Ugins on page IS.

JERRY McCORMICK (left) and BUDDY TROTTER (right), Future Farmers of America of Harrison, Arkansas, display Buddy's winning entry at the eleventh annual Arkansas Live Stock Show. Jerry had a winner, too.

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