Arbiters' Manual En Español 2015-1

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Federación Española de Ajedrez Comité Técnico de Árbitros Seminario Arbitral FEDA. Buitrago del Lozoya, Mayo 2015 Traducción del Manual de Árbitros de la FIDE ARBITERS’ MANUAL EN ESPAÑOL 2015-1 (MAYO 2015) 1 Estimados/as amigos/as, Quiero felicitaros por la publicación del Manual del Árbitro. Soy consciente de la enorme cantidad de trabajo puesto en la preparación de este importante documento, el cual incluye toda la documentación necesaria para los árbitros, y que ha sido realizado por un excelente equipo de expertos con mucha experiencia liderado por el dinámico y eficiente Presidente del Comité de Árbitros T. Nikolopoulos junto con renombradas personalidades como G. Gijssen, F. Dapiran, W. Stubenvoll, D. de Ridder y A. Vardapetyan, entre otros. Estoy convencido de que este Manual será un valioso instrumento en el trabajo del árbitro y que facilitará y enriquecerá sus habilidades para ejercer, de la mejor manera posible, las labores del árbitro. El trabajo diario y la brillante organización de seminarios presenciales, seminarios online y talleres han incrementado sustancialmente el número y la calidad de los árbitros de ajedrez a lo largo del mundo, incluyendo nuevas Federaciones. Apoyo y doy la bienvenida al trabajo y a los planes futuros de la Comisión de Árbitros y deseo que todos sus miembros y todos los árbitros del mundo tengan éxito en la orientación a los jugadores en los torneos de la FIDE en todas nuestras 181 federaciones miembros. Gens Una Sumus. Kirsan Ilyumzhinov Presidente Moscú, 7 de Julio de 2014 2 Introducción Estimados/as amigos/as, El Comité de Árbitros de la FIDE tiene el placer de publicar el Manual del Árbitro 2014. Este Manual es el resultado de un trabajo en equipo donde algunos de los más experimentados árbitros como Geurt Gijssen, Werner Stubenvoll, Ashot Vardapetian, Franca Dapiran, Dirk de Ridder y Takis Nikolopoulos, han participado y escrito sus partes. También quiero dar las gracias a Mario Held por su excelente trabajo sobre el Sistema Suizo Holandés que hemos publicado en el Manual, como a otros árbitros que también han contribuido con sus propuestas, como Stewart Ruben, Rathinam Anatharam y Arild Rimestad. El presente manual incluye todo lo necesario que un árbitro debe conocer. Incluye: las Leyes del Ajedrez con sus interpretaciones; las reglas de torneos; el Sistema Suizo y la regulación de los emparejamientos, junto con ejemplos de torneos; la regulación para la obtención de títulos, con ejemplos para el cálculo de normas; la regulación del sistema de rating, con ejemplos de sus cálculos; la regulación de los títulos de árbitros, etc. Deseamos que este Manual sea una muy útil herramienta para todos los árbitros y que les sirva de ayuda para que ejerzan sus funciones de la mejor manera. El Manual será actualizado cuando sea necesario para poder incluir todos los cambios en las Reglas y Reglamentos de la FIDE. Sois todos bienvenidos a mandar vuestros comentarios, opiniones y propuestas al Comité de Árbitros de la FIDE. Vuestra ayuda será valiosa. Atenas, 30 de Junio de 2014 Takis Nikolopoulos Presidente Comité de Árbitros de la FIDE 3 CONTENIDO: Historia de las Leyes del Ajedrez pag. 6 Leyes del Ajedrez pag. 7 Prologo pag. 7 Reglas basicas pag. 8 Reglas de competición pag. 18 Apendices pag. 35 A Ajedrez Rapido pag. 35 B Ajedrez Rerlampago (Blitz) pag. 38 C Anotación Algebraica pag. 39 D Reglas para ciegos y deficientes visuals pag. 41 E Partidas Aplazadas pag. 44 F Reglas Ajedrez 960 pag. 46 G Caida de bandera sin arbitro pag. 48 Glosario de términos pag. 48 Tipos de torneos pag. 54 Round Robin pag. 54 Sistemas Suizos pag 55 Sistema Holandes pag 57 Sistema Schveningen pag. 61 Sistema Skalitza pag. 62 Otros Sistemas pag. 62 Ejemplos de emparejamientos de sistema suizo. pag 63 Desarrollo emparejamiento sistema suizo pag. 64 Anexo normas Sistemas suizos pag 88. C.04.1 Reglas básicas sistea suizo pag. 89 C.04.2 Reglas generales gestión sistema suizo pag. 91 C.04.3 Sistema holandés pag. 95 Sistemas de desempate pag. 127 Comparativa Round Robin pag. 134 Comparativa Suizo pag 135 Reglas de torneos Fide pag. 136 Tablas Varma pag. 144 Reglas Adicionales para torneos especificos pag. 145 Reglamento de titulos pag. 148 Tablas según rondas pag. 156 Tablas para titulo directo pag. 167 Directrices comprobación normas de titulo pag. 169 Reglamento del Sistema de valoración pag. 172 4 Ejemplo aplicación sistema de valoración pag. 179 Directrices trato de jugadores con discapacidad pag. 180 Regulaciones titulo de arbitros pag. 182 Impresos normas de árbitros pag. 189 El papel del arbitro y sus funciones pag. 199 Tablas Berger pag 203 Tablas Emparejamientos diferentes sistemas pag 204 Round Robin pag. 204 Schveningen pag. 206 Hilton pag. 207 Normativa Anti-Trampas pag 208 Impresos reclamaciones pag. 223 Anexo C Metodo estadístico pag. 227 ANEXOS TITULOS DE ARBITROS pag. 229 Anexo 1 Formación árbitros pag. 229 Anexo 1a Reglamento seminarios por internet pag. 232 Anexo 1b Lista Fide Ponentes pag. 235 Anexo 2 Reglamento Clasificacion Arbitros pag. 237 Anexo 4 Estructura Arbitros Eventos Fide pag. 240 Anexo 5bis Reglamento Disciplinario de árbitros pag. 241 Anexo 5b Miembros Comisión Disciplinaria pag. 244 Anexo 6 Directrices anti-trampas para árbitros pag. 245 Cambios del manual (versión y cambios) pag. 251 5 Una breve historia de las Leyes del Ajedrez La FIDE se fundó en Paris el 20 de julio de 1924 y uno de sus principales programas fue unificar las reglas del juego. Las primeras leyes oficiales del ajedrez habían sido publicadas en 1929 en idioma francés. En 1952, se publicó una actualización de las leyes (de nuevo en idioma francés) con las enmiendas de la Asamblea General de la FIDE. Después de otra edición en 1966 con comentarios a las leyes, finalmente en 1974 la Comisión Permanente sobre las Leyes publicó la primera edición en inglés con nuevas interpretaciones y algunas enmiendas. En años posteriores, la Comisión Permanente sobre las Leyes hizo algunos cambios más, basados en experiencias en competiciones. El último mayor cambio se hizo en 2001 cuando se redactaron las Leyes del Ajedrez “más o menos” actuales y se dividieron en tres partes: las Reglas Básicas de Juego, las Reglas de Competición y los Apéndices. La primera parte – artículos 1 a 5 – es importante para cualquiera que juegue al ajedrez, mientras que la segunda parte – artículos 6 a 14 – es válida principalmente para torneos de ajedrez. En la tercera parte de las Leyes del Ajedrez hay algunos apéndices y las directrices para partidas aplazadas. A partir de 2001, la Comisión de Leyes de la FIDE y de Regulación de Torneos (RTRC) realiza cambios de las Leyes del Ajedrez sólo cada cuatro años, entrando en vigor dichos cambios el 1 de julio del año siguiente a la decisión. Acabaremos la historia con los prólogos de las Leyes del Ajedrez de 1958 y de 1974. 1958 “OBSERVACIONES GENERALES. Las Leyes del Ajedrez ni pueden, ni deben, regular todas las posibles situaciones que puedan surgir durante una partida, ni pueden regular todos los aspectos organizativos. En la mayoría de los casos no regulados con precisión por un Artículo de las Leyes, se debería poder alcanzar una decisión correcta aplicando resoluciones análogas a situaciones de naturaleza similar. Una normativa demasiado detallada privaría al árbitro de su libertad de criterio y le impediría encontrar la solución a través de la justicia y compatible con las circunstancias de cada caso particular, ya que no se pueden prever todas las posibilidades.” 1974 “INTERPRETACIONES DE LA FIDE. Durante los últimos años, la Comisión ha sido más o menos desbordada por un creciente número de propuestas y preguntas. Esto, en sí, es bueno. Sin embargo, hay una marcada tendencia en dichas preguntas y propuestas para aportar mayor refinamiento y detalle a las Leyes del Ajedrez. Claramente, la intención es conseguir unas instrucciones cada vez más detalladas sobre “cómo actuar en tal o cual caso”. Esto puede ser beneficioso para un cierto tipo de árbitro, pero al mismo tiempo puede ser un problema para otro tipo, generalmente el mejor, de árbitro. La Comisión en su conjunto adopta la posición firme de que las Leyes del Ajedrez deben ser tan cortas y tan claras como sea posible. La Comisión cree firmemente que los pequeños detalles deben dejarse a discreción del árbitro. Cada árbitro debe tener la oportunidad, en caso de conflicto, de considerar todos los factores de la situación y no debería estar limitado por sub-normativas demasiado detalladas que podrían no ser aplicables al caso en cuestión. Según la Comisión, las Leyes del Ajedrez deben ser cortas y claras y deben dejar suficiente margen al árbitro para tratar casos excepcionales o inusuales. Las Comisiones apelan a todas las federaciones a aceptar este criterio, que, en términos generales, es en interés de los cientos de miles de jugadores de ajedrez, así como de los árbitros. Si alguna federación de ajedrez quiere introducir más reglas más detalladas, es perfectamente libre de hacerlo, siempre y cuando: 6 a) éstas no contradigan en modo alguno las reglas oficiales de la FIDE; b) éstas se limitan al territorio de la federación en cuestión; y c) éstas no sean válidas para ningún torneo FIDE jugado en el territorio de la federación en cuestión." LEYES DEL AJEDREZ DE LA FIDE INTRODUCCION Las Leyes del Ajedrez de la FIDE cubren el juego sobre el tablero. Las Leyes del Ajedrez se componen de dos partes: 1. Reglas básicas de juego y 2. Reglas de competición. El texto en inglés es la versión auténtica de las Leyes del Ajedrez que se adoptaron en el 84º Congreso de la FIDE celebrado en Tallin (Estonia) en Octubre de 2013, entrando en vigor el 1 de Julio de 2014.
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    Lista 02 No. Título Autor Editora 1 100 Awesome Chess Moves Eric Schiller Cardoza Publishing 2 500 Master Games of Chess Complete Volume I S.Tartakower/J. Du MontDover 3 A Complete Defence for Black R.Keene/B.Jacobs Batsford 4 A Guide to Chess Endings M.Euwe/D.Hooper Dover 5 Analiza! Patrick Gonneau Martínez Roca 6 Apertura Catalana - 250 Partidas Antonio Gude Ediciones Eseuve 7 Apertura Italiana - 250 Partidas Antonio Gude Ediciones Eseuve 8 Aperturas Abiertas A.P. Sokolsky Ediciones Catalan 9 Aperturas Cerradas A.P. Sokolsky Ediciones Catalan 10 Aperturas Semi-Abiertas A.P. Sokolsky Ediciones Catalan 11 Ataques al Rey Ramón Crusi Moré Paidotribo 12 Attack and Defence Dvoretzky & Yusupov Batsford 13 Attacking Technique Colin Crouch Batsford 14 Basic Endgame Strategy Bill Robertie Cardoza Publishing 15 Beating The French Gary Lane Batsford 16 Beating The Sicilian J.Nunn Batsford 17 Better Chess for Average Players Tim Harding Dover 18 Budapest Gambit Borik Batsford 19 Checkmate Pedersen Cadogan 20 Chess Opening Traps and Zaps I Bruce Pandolfini Simon-Schuster 21 Chess Opening Traps and Zaps II Bruce Pandolfini Simon-Schuster 22 Chess Openings W.R. Hartston Penguin Books 23 Chess Player Paul Littlewood The Crowood Press 24 Chess Target Pratice Bruce Pandolfini Simon-Schuster 25 Chess The Complete Self-Tutor Irving Chernev Dover 26 Chess Traps F.Reinfeld Simon-Schuster 27 Chess Traps Pitfalls & Swindles I.A.Horowitz/F.Reinfeld Fireside Chess Library 28 Chess: The Complete Self-Tutor Edward Lasker Batsford 29 Common Sense in Chess Emanuel