Initial Environmental Examination

Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project

June 2017

NEP: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project

Prepared by District Coordination Committee (Gorkha)- Central Level Project Implementation Unit – Ministry of Federals Affairs and Local Development for the Asian Development Bank.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Environmental Assessment Document

Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)

Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project

June 2017

NEP: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project Loan: 3260 Project Number: 49215-001

Prepared by the Government of for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

This Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarilyThe views expressed represent herein those are those of ADB's of the consultantBoard of and Directors, do not necessarily Management, represent or thosestaff ,of and ADB’s may bemembers, preliminary Board ofin Directors,nature. Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of Luitel – Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung -Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-Project, Gorkha

Submitted to Government of Nepal National Reconstruction Authority Singhadurbar,

Submitted through Central Level Project Implementation Unit (CL-PIU), Lalitpur Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP)

Submitted by: District Coordination Committee, Gorkha Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP)

June, 2017 Table of Contents 1 Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Name and Address of the Proponent ...... 1 1.2 Background ...... 1 1.3 Restructuring at Local Level ...... 2 1.4 Rationale of the IEE...... 3 1.5 Objectives of the IEE Study ...... 4 1.6 Methodology Adopted ...... 4 1.6.1 Project Area Delineation ...... 5 1.6.2 Desk study and Literature review: ...... 5 1.6.3 Field Investigation: ...... 6 1.6.4 Database Preparation, Analysis, Prediction and Assessment of Impact ...... 8 1.6.5 Impact Identification, Prediction and Assessment/Evaluation Method ...... 9 1.6.6 Study Team: ...... 9 1.7 Limitations of the IEE study: ...... 10 2 Nepal’s Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirements for the Project ...... 11 3 Description of Project ...... 15 3.1 Relevancy of the Sub-project ...... 15 3.2 Description and Location ...... 15 3.3 Salient Features of the Sub-project ...... 19 3.4 Components and Activities of the Sub-project ...... 20 3.5 Construction Approach ...... 20 3.6 Implementation Schedule ...... 20 4 Description of the Existing Environment ...... 21 4.1 Physical Environment ...... 21 4.1.1 Topography and Geomorphology...... 21 Geology and Soil type ...... 21 4.1.2 Land Use ...... 23 4.1.3 Climate and Hydrology ...... 25 4.1.4 Landslide and Erosion Prone Area ...... 25 4.1.5 Air, Noise and Water Quality ...... 26 4.2 Biological Environment ...... 26 4.2.1 Vegetation and Forest ...... 26 4.2.2 Protected Flora and Fauna ...... 29 4.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment ...... 29 4.3.1 Population Distribution, Caste/Ethnicity and Occupation ...... 31 4.3.2 Detail of Population Status of ZoI ...... 32 4.3.3 Socio-economic Profile of the Project Affected Households: ...... 35 4.3.4 Status due to Earthquake:...... 36 5 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Benefit Augmentation/Mitigation Measures .... 38 5.1 Mitigation Measures during Pre-construction Phase ...... 38 5.1.1 Detailed Survey and Design ...... 38 5.2 Beneficial Impacts and Benefit Augmentation Measures ...... 38 5.2.1 Construction Phase...... 38 5.2.2 Operation Phase ...... 40 5.3 Adverse Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 40 5.3.1 Construction Phase...... 40 5.3.2 Operation Phase ...... 48 5.4 Climate Change Impacts ...... 50 5.5 Cumulative Impact ...... 51 6 Analysis of Alternatives ...... 54

IEE of Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha i 6.1 No Action Alternative ...... 54 6.2 Proposal Alternatives ...... 54 6.3 Alternative Alignment ...... 54 6.4 Alternative Design and Construction Approach ...... 54 6.5 Alternative Schedule and Process ...... 54 6.6 Alternative Resources ...... 54 7 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure ...... 55 7.1 Public Consultation ...... 55 7.2 Information disclosure ...... 59 7.3 Consultation with Stakeholder to Implement EMP ...... 59 8 Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 60 9 Environmental Management Plan ...... 63 9.1 Institutions and Their Roles ...... 63 9.2 Implementation of Benefit Augmentation and Mitigation Measures ...... 66 9.3 Mitigation Cost for Executing the Environmental Management Plan ...... 77 9.3.1 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Activities ...... 77 9.4 Matters to be Monitored while Implementing the Proposal ...... 78 9.4.1 Baseline Monitoring ...... 78 9.4.2 Compliance Monitoring ...... 79 9.4.3 Impact Monitoring ...... 79 9.4.4 Project Performance Monitoring ...... 79 9.4.5 Safeguards Monitoring ...... 80 9.5 Monitoring Parameters ...... 80 9.5.1 Pre-Construction Phase ...... 80 9.5.2 Construction Phase...... 80 9.5.3 Operation Phase ...... 81 9.6 Monitoring Indicators ...... 81 9.7 Major Costs for Environmental Safeguard Measures ...... 88 10 Conclusion and Recommendation ...... 89 References ...... 90

List of Figures Figure 1: Map showing Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project in ...... 16 Figure 2: Map showing Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road . 17 Figure 3: Ecological Map of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Sub-project ...... 18 Figure 4: Geological Map of the Road and surrounding area ...... 22 Figure 5: Percentage of HHs with Occupation ...... 32 Figure 6: Land Holding Pattern of Settlements along the Road Corridor ...... 34 Figure 7: Number of Households Belonging to Different Food Security Category ...... 34 Figure 8: Earthquake Affected District ...... 36 Figure 9: Housing Damage due to Earthquake ...... 37 Figure 10: Source of Drinking Water Damage due to Earthquake ...... 37 Figure 11: Flow Diagram for Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 61 Figure 12: Environmental Management Organisation Structure ...... 66

IEE of Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha ii List of Tables Table 1: Restructuring of Affected VDCs/Municipality of Gorkha District ...... 3 Table 2: Categories of several project-affected areas ...... 5 Table 3: Review of Environmental Acts, Regulations and Guidelines ...... 11 Table 4: Salient feature of the sub-project ...... 19 Table 5: Sub-project Implementation Schedule ...... 20 Table 6: Summary of the Surface Geology along the Road ...... 21 Table 7: Slope Grade and Geological Condition for Cutting Slope / Filling ...... 21 Table 8: Soil Type along the Road ...... 22 Table 9: Land Use Type along the road ...... 23 Table 10: Forest along Road...... 27 Table 11: List of protected flora and fauna found along the project area ...... 29 Table 12: Population and Ethnicity in Indirectly Impact Area ...... 30 Table 13: Other facilities along the then Municipality and VDCs ...... 30 Table 14: Distribution of Population with Household along the ZoI ...... 31 Table 15: Religious, Cultural and Historical Sites ...... 35 Table 16: Summary of Affected Households by the Sub-project ...... 35 Table 17: Types of climate change impacts, possible consequences for transport and insight from climate change scenarios on regions affected and associated level of confidence. .... 50 Table 18: Summary of Meeting Minutes ...... 55 Table 19: Institutions and their roles ...... 63 Table 20: Likely Beneficial Impacts and Enhancement Measures ...... 67 Table 21 : Likely Adverse Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures ...... 69 Table 22: Environemntal Monitoring Cost ...... 78 Table 23: Monitoring Indicators Selected for this IEE ...... 81 Table 24: Compliance Monitoring for Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Sub-project ...... 83 Table 25: Impact/Effect Monitoring of Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Sub-project ...... 85 Table 26: Estimate for Environmental Enhancement and Mitigation Measures ...... 88

List of Appendices Appendix I: Approved ToR for IEE Study ...... 93 Appendix II: Climate Change Checklist ...... 105 Appendix III: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist ...... 107 Appendix IV: Environmental Checklist ...... 111 Appendix V: Project Cost ...... 120 Appendix VI: Public Notice ...... 124 Appendix VII: Deed of Enquiry (Muchulka) ...... 127 Appendix VIII: Recommendation Letters ...... 136 Appendix IX: Meeting Minutes with Local People ...... 142 Appendix X: Socio-economic Data of Sub-project Area ...... 157 Appendix XI: Name of Organization Contacted ...... 164 Appendix XII: List of Persons Contacted ...... 165 Appendix XIII: Trees to be cut down ...... 166 Appendix XIV: Detail Information of Affected Structures ...... 194 Appendix XV: Photographs ...... 221

IEE of Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha iii ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank AP Affected Person CBO Community Based Organization CDC Compensation Determination Committee CDO Chief District Officer CF Community Forest CFUG Community Forest Users Group Ch Chainage CISC Central Implementation Support Consultants CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CLPIU Central Level Project Implementation Unit CR Critically Endangered DADO District Agriculture Development Office DDC District Development Committee DCC District Coordination Committee DFO District Forest Office/Officer DIMU District Implementation Management Unit DoLIDAR Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads DOR Department of Road DLPIU District Level Project Implementation Unit DPR Detail Project Report DRCN District Road Core Network DSC Design and Supervision Consultant DTO District Technical Office EA Executing Agency EARF Environment Assessment Review Framework EEAP Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project EFLG Environment Friendly Local Government Framework EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMG Environmental Management Guidelines EMP Environmental Management Plan EMS Environment Management Section EN Endangered EPA Environment Protection Act EPR Environment Protection Rules FGD Focus Group Discussion GESI Gender Equality and Social Inclusion GHG Green House Gases GO/NGO Governmental Organization/ Non-Governmental Organization GoN Government of Nepal GRC Grievance Redress Committee GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism Ha Hectare Hh Household IEE Initial Environmental Examination ILO International Labour Organization

IEE of Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha iv IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature LC Least Concern LAC Local Area Committee LDO Local Development Officer LR/nt Lower Risk/Near Threatened MoFALD Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development MoFSC Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation MoPE Ministry of Population and Environment NAPA National Adaptation Program of Action NCB National Competitive Bidding NT Nearly Threatened NRs Nepali Rupees NTFPs Non Timber Forest Products PIU Project Implementation Unit PMC Project Management Consultant PMU Project Management Unit RoW Right of Way RP Resettlement Plan SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment TMO Transport Management Office ToR Terms of Reference UN United Nation VDC Village Development Committee ZoI Zone of Influence

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1This is Executive Summary of the IEE report in and an English version is given in page xi.

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IEE of Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha vii v]tLkftL tyf kz'kfng o; If]qsf] d'Vo k]zf /x]sf] 5 . oxfFsf dflg;x?sf] cGo k]zfdf Hofnf dh'b/L, gf]s/L tyf Aofkf/–Aoj;fo, 3/]n' pBf]u /x]sf 5g\ .

;sf/fTds k|efj oftfoftsf] ;'ljwfn] :yflgo afl;Gbfx?sf] hLjgdf y'k}| ;sf/fTds k|efj kb{5g\ . ;8ssf] lgdf{0f ubf{ :yfgLo jfl;Gbfx?n] -bIf ##,$$@ / cbIf !@),@%^ >dLs lbg_ sf] ?kdf /f]huf/L k|fKt ug]{ 5g\ o; r/0fdf x'g] cGo nfex/mdf Jofkf/sf] a[l4, pkcfof]hgfn] k|bfg u/]sf] zLkd'ns tyf hgr]tgfd'ns tflnd tyf ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{df ;xefuL eO{ :yfgLo hgtfsf] ;Lk a[l4 x'g] cj;/ kb{5g\ .

;8ssf] ;+rfngsf] cj:yfdf To; If]qdf vfBfgsf] cfk"lt{df ;'wf/ eO{ cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs :yfoLTj a9\g hfg]5 . ;fy} ;8s oftfoftn] ubf{ u|fdL0f e]ujf6 ahf/ If]q / ahf/ If]qjf6 u|fdL0f e]udf ;]jf tyf ;fdfgx?sf] cf];f/ k;f/ l56f], 5l/tf], ;'ne tyf ;:tf] x'g hfg]5 . eR5]s ahf/, lrQkf]v/L, xdL{ e~Hofª h:tf If]qdf ahf/ ljsf; eO{ oxfFsf afl;Gbfx?sf] hLjg :t/df ;'wf/ x'g hfg] ;Defjgf 5 . o;sf ;fy} ahf/ If]qsf] ljsf;n] ubf{ hUufsf] d"Nodf ;d]t j[l4 x'g hfg]5 . gsf/fTds k|efj ;8s lgdf{0f ubf{ ef}lts jftfj/0fdf kg]{ gsf/fTds k|efjx?df e":jfdLTjsf] k|of]udf jbnfj, le/fnf] hUufdf klx/f] hfg], jfo' tyf kfgLdf k|b"if0f, vg]sf] df6f] hyfefjL kmflnbf kg]{ k|efjx? d'Vo 5g\ . o;} k|sf/ h}ljs k|efj cGt/u{t jg gf]S;fgL x'g'sf] ;fy} jGohGt'sf] a;f]jf;df cK7\of/f] kg{ hfg]5 . o;sf ;fy} ;fd'bflos jgaf6 %*#, /fli6«o jgaf6 !$@ / lghL hUufaf6 %!( u/L hDdf !,@$$ ?v x6fOg]5g\ . cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k|efj cGt/u{t ;8s lgdf{0f ubf{ @=&)& x] v]tL ul/g] hdLg ;8s lgdf{0f x'Fbf k|lts'n c;/ kg{ hfg]5 . k|:tfljt ;8ssf] dWo laGb'af6 % ld= bfofF / afofF{ lghL ;+/rgf cGtu{t 3/ tyf kfln r]g]h !)±^*), @$ j6f 3/ r]g]h @±^#), @±&^), @±&^*, @±&&$, @±&*%, @±*#), @±*&), @±*(), !)±&)), !)±&(), !)±*!), !)±*!), !)±*!^, !)±*!^, !)±*@!, !)±*@%, !)±*#), !)±*#!, !)±(@), !$±)%), !$±!(), !%±%(%, !(±#%), @*±%(), ^ j6f uf]7 r]g]h )±)@), )±)$), @±$(), @±^!), @±*$), @)±$() ! j6f rkL{ r]g]h @±#%) / $% 6x/f r]g]h @±#(), @±%)), @±^)), !)±^@%, !)±^%), !)±&$), !)±&$%, !)±&^), !!±@*), !#±^(), !#±&!), !#±&!%, !#±&!*, !$±@*), !$±@*), !$±#^),!%±@^), !%±@^), !%±@^%, !%±#)), !%±#@), !%±%!), !%±%(), !%±%(*, !%±&&), !% ±&*), !(±#@), !(±#^), !(±%&), !(±%*), !(±^@%, !(±^#), !(±^$), !(±^*), @)±%)%, @*±#$), @*±%^), @*±%&), @*±%*), @*±^@), @*±^#), @*±^$%, #)±#*%, #)±$)), #)±$@) ;lxt && j6f ;+/rgf x6fpg' kg]{ x'G5 . To:t} ;fd'bflos ;+/rgf cGtu{t !@ j6f kmnfdsf] ljBl'to kf]n r]g]h )±)$), )±)(), )±!@), )±^%), )±&)), )±&%), @±&$)—@±(%), %±!#), *±!^), !) ±)(^, !) ±^*), !(±^*), !(±^^), @)±%)) rf}tf/f r]g]h !±#%), !±#(), @±*#), @±(%), #±!*), #±()*, $±#$), !*±()), @)±$)), @)±&$), @)±$(), ;fd'bflos ejg r]g]h !)±^)), @ j6f kfgLsf] wf/f r]g]h !(±#@), #)±$!%, kfgLsf] 6\ofªsL r]g]h !*±%$), :s"n rkL{ r]g]h !(±@*) x6fpg' kg]{ x'G5 .

;8s ;~rfngsf] r/0fdf ;jf/L ;fwgsf] cfjudgaf6, jiff{ofdsf] kfgLaf6 tyf :yfgLo eL/kx/fx/mdf ?v lj/mjf sf6\bf cl:y/tf a9\g uO{ klx/f] hfg ;Sg]5 . ;8s lsgf/fsf gfnL af6 ju]sf] clgolGqt kfgLn] ;8s d'lgsf v]tjf/Ldf e'Ifo x'g ;S5 . ;jf/L ;fwgsf] a[l4n] w'nf] tyf WjgL k|b'if0f a9\g]5 . To;}u/L ;8ssf] ;'wf/ ;+u} jg If]q;Dd ePsf] kx'Frn] ubf{ jg ;Dkbf tyf jGo hGt'df rfk a9\g uO{ jg ;Dkbfsf] gf]S;fgL / hLjhGt'nfO{ c;/ kg{ ;Sg]5 .

IEE of Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha viii ;sf/fTds k|efj a9fpg] pkfo 7]s]bf/ / sfdbf/sf nflu ljleGg jftfj/0fLo tyf hgr]tgf d"ns tflndx? -cfocfh{g, OlGhlgol/u+ ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f tyf h}ljs k|ljlwsf sfd ;DaGwL_ lbO{g] 5g\ . ;8s lgdf{0fsf j|mddf sDtLdf @)% dlxnf ;xeflutf u/fpg k|f]T;fxg ul/G5 . gsf/fTds k|efj Go"lgs/0fsf pkfo le/fnf] hldgnfO{ Aoa:yfkg ug{ jfof]OlGhgLol/Ë -h}ljs_ k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ul/g] 5 To;}u/L % j6f tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf #±%)), !%±#)), @#±@%), @^±#)), @*±%)) df6f] kmfNg] sfd ul/g] 5 . 6]jf kvf{n nufO{ df6f] pTvgg\ / kmfNg] sfo{nfO Aoa:yfkg ul/g] 5 . ;8sdf k/]sf] hUuf tyf cGo ;+/rgf, ;Dkltsf] k|fKtL tyf Ifltk"lt{ ;DjlGw s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\g 5'§} k'g{jf; of]hgf agfO{Psf] 5 . pkcfof]hgfn] k|efljt 3/–w'/LnfO{ ;Lkd'ns tflnddf k|fyldstf lbg]5 . sfdbf/x?nfO{ sfdsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ ;'/Iffsf ;fwgx? -x]Nd]6, df:s, dkmN;_ lbO{g] 5 / sfdbf/sf] nflu vfg]kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ tyf c:yfO{ vfN6] rkL{x? agfOg] 5g\ . ;fy]} kfgLsf] >f]tdf vlgPsf] df6f] kmflng] 5}g . sfdbf/x?sf] nflu cf}ifwL tyf b'3{6gf aLdfsf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .

;8s lgdf{0fsf] nfuL jg If]q k|of]hg ug{ lhNnf jg sfof{no -lh=j=sf=_ af6 l:js[tL lng' kg]{ 5 . o;} k|sf/, ;fd'bflos jgnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ :j?k !$,%&% lj?jf !M@% sf] cg'kftdf_ j[Iff/f]k0f u/fpg / % aif{ ;Dd ;+/If0f ug{ ;xof]u -;fd'bflos jgnfO{ cg'dflgt nfut g]?= @,#@*,@!!=(=)) ;fy} :yfgLo jfl;GbfnfO{ %!( lj?jf !M! sf] cg'kftdf cg'dflgt nfut g]? #$,#*#=&% / /fli6«o jgnfO{ lj?jf #,%%) -!M@% sf] cg'kftdf_ cg'dflgt nfut g]? %^&,)&&=)) j[Iff/f]k0f u/fpg ;xof]u lbOg]5 .

;fj{hlgs k/fdz{ tyf ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ug]{ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tof/Lsf] nflu !% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf lxdfno 6fOD; /fli6«o b}lgs klqsfdf lj=;+= @)&@÷!@÷!* df k|sflzt u/L ;DalGwt tTsflng gu/kflnsf, tTsflng uf=lj=;=, lh=j=sf=, tTsflng lh=lj=;=, ljBfno, :jf:y rf}sL, ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf AolQm jf ;+:yfx?af6 /fo ;'´fa ;+sngsf] nfuL k|sfzLt u/l/Psf] lyof] . k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f agfpg] ;dodf ;8s lgdf{0f glhssf j:tLx?df, lzIfs tyf cGo :yfgLo JolStx?;Fu k|:tfjLt pkcfof]hgfaf6 kg{ hfg] ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds c;/ jf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg ;fj{hlgs 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . o;}sf] cfwf/df k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg ;lxt g]kfnL sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z, ;sf/fTds k|efj a9fpg] pkfox? tyf gs/fTds k|efj Go'gLs/0f pkfox? / jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkg of]hgf ;dfj]z u/L /fo ;'´fjsf] nfuL ;fj{hlgs ul/of] . o;}u/L PlzofnL ljsf; a}+s / /fli6«o k'glgdf{0f k|flws/0faf6 cfPsf] /fo ;'´fj ;dfj]z u/L k|fl/Des jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg :jLs[tLsf] nflu k7fO{g]5 . l:js[t k|ltj]bg ;/f]sf/jfnf / cGo AolQm jf ;+:yfx?sf] kx'rsf] nflu uf]/vf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldtLsf] ;'rgf s]Gb|, PlzofnL ljsf; a}+s, /fli6«o k'glgdf{0f k|flws/0f tyf e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf (EEAP) sf] j]e;fO6df /flvg]5 .

U'fgf;f] lgbfg ;+oGq (Grievance Redress Mechanism) :yfgLo lgsfo tyf k|efljt AolStx?sf] ;DalGwt u'gf;f]x?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ rf/ txsf] U'fgf;f] lgbfg ;+oGqsf] Aoj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . k|efljt AolStn] cfof]hgf;Fu ;DalGwt hgu'gf;f] p7fpg kfpg]5g\ / o:tf hgu'gf;f]sf] pkcfof]hgf :t/b]lv u'gf;f] lgbfg ;ldtL (Grievance Redress Committee) ;Dd ;'g'jfO{sf] Aoj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

IEE of Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha ix jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg of]hgf (Environmental Management Plan) o; k|ltj]bgdf jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg of]hgf cGtu{t cfof]hgfaf6 kg]{ ;+efljt c;/x?, c;/x?sf] k|efj, Go"lgs/0f ljlw, cg'udg ljlw tyf sfo{tflnsf k|:tfljt ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} Go'lgs/0fsf pkfox?sf] tyf cg'udg sfo{sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ lhDd]jf/ lgsfox?sf] klg klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . cg'udgsf nflu cfjZos ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs–cfly{s tyf ;fF:s[lts jftfj/0fsf ljleGGf cg'udg ;'rfÍx?sf] klg klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . ;d:6Lut ?kdf cfof]hgf :t/sf] cg'udg /fli6«o k'glgdf{0f k|flws/0faf6 x'g]5 eg] pkcfof]hgf :t/sf] cg'udg k|To]s lhNnf :t/Lo sfo{Gjog zfvfdf /x]sf] jftfj/0fLo ;'/Iff sIf (Environmental Safeguard Desk) af6 x'g]5 . jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg of]hgf sfo{fGjog ug{ hDdf ? &,!@(,@&)=&) vr{ x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . h;dWo] ? #,%$(,%((=$% l;len jS;{sf] nfutdf ;dfj]z ul/;lsPsf] 5 . lgisif{ tyf ;'emfjx? n''O6]n — cFfkkLkn — xdL{e~Hofª — yfnfh'ª — eRr5]s ;8s pk–cfof]hgfsf] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgn] ;sf/fTds k|efjx? gsf/fTds k|efjsf] t'ngfdf j9L dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] / nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg] / gsf/fTds k|efjx? Go"lgs/0f ug{ ;lsg] s'/f b]vfpF5 . of] ;8s pkcfof]hgfsf] :jLs[ltsf] nflu k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|of{Kt /x]sf] 5 . k|efjx?sf] Go"lgs/0f / ;+nUg jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg of]hgf sfof{Gjog u/L k|:tfljt pkcfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ul/G5 .

IEE of Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha x Executive Summary (English) Proponent This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report has been prepared for the rehabilitation and re-construction of 30.575 km long all weather district road connecting Luitel gaun of Municipality and Bhachek of Ajirkot Rural Municipality (then Hansapur VDC) in Gorkha district. The District Coordination Committee (DCC), Gorkha is the implementing agency at the district level under Asian Development Bank (ADB)/Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and Government of Nepal (GoN) funded Earthquake Emergency Assistance project (EEAP) and the proponent of the IEE study for the road sub- project.

Background EEAP is a project being implemented by convenient loan and grant assistance from ADB, grant technical assistance from SDC, counterpart funding from GoN participating districts and contributions from project beneficiaries. The goal of the project is to support Government of Nepal to accelerate rehabilitation and reconstruction following the devastating earthquake of 25 April 2015 and the major aftershock of 12 May 2015. The project will support the rebuilding of schools, roads, and district-level government buildings, and strengthen resilience to future disasters.

Rationale of the IEE Preparation of IEE for district road is mandatory according to Act relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake affected structures 2015, Rule relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake affected structures 2016, Working procedure relating to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Reconstruction of the Earthquake affected structures 2016 and first amendment (2016) as well as ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009. This IEE report of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road sub project Gorkha district is prepared based on Terms of Reference (ToR) approved on 25/03/2016 A.D by the Secretary level decision of the Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development (MoFALD). Length of Road in approved ToR was 39 km on the basis of initial survey however the detail design of 30.575 km length of road is only prepared. Therefore, IEE report has been prepared for the length of 30.575 km length only. With the promulgation of Act relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake affected structures 2015, final IEE report has been submitted to National Reconstruction Authority (NRA) for approval.

Objectives of the IEE study The main objective of the IEE study is to identify the impacts of physical, biological, socio- economic and cultural environment of the sub-project area and recommend practical and site specific environmental mitigation and enhancement measures, prepare and implement environmental management plan for the sub-project.

Study Methodology The findings and conclusions of the initial environmental examination report are based on the analysis of the information collected from the field from 10-17 April 2016 AD by undertaking a walk-through environmental survey along the route and secondary information supplemented by the social and technical teams working on the resettlement survey and detail survey.

IEE of Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha xi Relevancy of the Proposal The reconstruction and rehabilitation of this road will provide physical and economical accesses to the people of north east part to district headquarter and other parts of the country.

Description of the Project and its Environment The Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road is a district road and has been proposed for rehabilitation and reconstruction as all weather road. The road formation width is 6.25 m and total length of this road is 30.575 km and total estimated project cost is NRs. 774,030,012.11 of which NRs. 701,147,466.30 is civil work cost

The elevation of road ranges from 439 masl at Luitel gaun to 1,661 masl at Bhachek. This sub-project lies in tropical region and the average maximum and minimum temperature is 350C and minimum of 30C respectively (Source: DCC Gorkha). The average annual rainfall in the district is 1,600 mm. The road mainly passes through agricultural land, forest land and settlement area. Total of 2.707 ha agricultural land, 0.715 ha forest area, 0.433 ha settlement area and 0.408 ha barren land will be converted to the road built up area.

Geologically, the road lies in Higher Himalaya of Western Nepal and passes through residual soil deposits. Greenish, Greygrittle phyllites, augnesis rocks are found along the road. Majority of road passes through ranimatta formation followed by basic rocks, ulleri formation and Ghanapokhari formation. The road passes through Hudi khola (at various Ch 12+735, 13+010, 13+720, 14+220 and 14+750). Ambient air and water quality in the proposed project area is found to be good and there’s no noise pollution.

The dominant forest species reported along the forest of the road are Saal (Shorea robusta) Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Katus (Castanopsis indica), Uttis (Alnus nepalensis), Salla (Pinus roxburghii), Timur (Zanthoxylum alatum), Amaro (Spondias pinnata), Tejpatta (Cinnamonum tamale) etc. Dumsi (Hystrix sps), Badar (Macaca mulatta), Deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Shyal (Canis aulis), Malshapro (Martef flabigula), Banbiralo (Felis chaus), Lokharke (Ratufa indica) are the wild animals reported in the forests of road corridor. Similarly, birds are Kalij (Lophura leucomelanos), Dhukur (Streptopella senegalensis) etc. The road does not fall under any protected or buffer zone area. However, the road passes through community forest and national forest.

Along the road corridor, Palungtar Municipality and Ajirkot Rural Municipality (then Hansapur VDC) as well as Siranchok Rural Municipality (then Jaubari, Harmi, Thalajung and Choprak VDCs) 3,810 population resides with 734 households within 15 settlements. These settlements are Bhachek Bazar, Balekhu, Dharapani, Chisapani, Chipleti, Chilaune, Thalajung, Tallopam, Chittapokhari, Bhalumare, Thumki-gaun, Thaneswor, Harmi Bhanjyang, Aappipal and Baddada. Brahmin, Chhetri, Newar, Gurung, Tamang and Dalit live within the settlements of this road.

The main occupation of the people residing along the road is agriculture and livestock. People are carrying out other economic activities like working as labour, business and cottage industries.

IEE of Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha xii Beneficial Impacts The immediate beneficial impacts from road development are apparent in the construction phase like there will be various employment opportunities for (skilled 33,442 and unskilled 120,256 person days). Other beneficial impacts include enhancement of local business, development in skills of local people from skill developing training, awareness raising training and involvement in the construction of the project.

During operation stage, an improved road access will bring an improvement of food security situation and overall economic and social stability. The road will also provide cheap, safe and fast transport of goods and services from rural areas to urban centers and vice versa. There is a possibility of increased economic opportunities and significant growth and extension of the local markets along the road like in Bhachhek bazaar, Chittapokhari, Harmibhanjyang and nearby settlements. In addition, construction of road will lead to appreciation of land values particularly near the market and settlement areas.

Adverse Impacts The physical adverse impacts during construction of the road will be due to change in landownership, slope instability and air, dust and water pollution and hapazard spoil disposal. Similarly, biological impacts during construction will be loss of forest area and disturbance to wildlife and bird habitat. Total 1,244 trees (583 from CF, 142 from NF and 519 from private land) will be cleared during road construction.

Socio-economic impacts during the construction works there will be loss of 2.707 ha agricultural land. During upgrading the road 5 m in either side from the center point, House and pali at chainage 10+680, 24 houses at the chainage 2+630, 2+760, 2+768, 2+774, 2+785, 2+830, 2+870, 2+890, 10+700, 10+790, 10+810, 10+810, 10+816, 10+816, 10+821, 10+825, 10+830, 10+831, 10+920, 14+050, 14+190, 15+350, 19+350, 28+590, 6 shed at the chainage 0+020, 0+040, 2+490, 2+610, 2+840, 20+490, 1 toilet at the chainage 2+350, 45 tahara at the chainage 2+390, 2+500, 2+600, 10+625, 10+650, 10+740, 10+745, 10+760, 11+280, 13+690, 13+710, 13+715, 13+718, 14+280, 14+280, 14+360, , 15+260, 15+260, 15+265, 15+300, 15+300, 15+320, 15+510, 15+590, 15+598, 15+770, 15+780, 19+320, 19+360, 19+570, 19+580, 19+625, 19+640, 19+680, 20+505, 28+340, 28+560, 28+570, 28+580, 28+620, 28+630, 28+645, 30+385, 30+400, 30+420 should be removed from the private structure. From the Public structure 12 Electric pole at the chainage 0+040, 0+090, 0+120, 0+650, 0+700, 0+750, 2+740-2+950(6 in no.), 5+130, 8+160, 10+096, 10+680, 19+680, 19+660, 20+500, Chautara at the chainage 1+350, 1+390, 2+830, 2+950, 3+180, 3+908, 4+340, 18+900, 20+400, 20+740, 20+490 public building at the chainage 10+600, Water tap at the chainage 19+320, 30+415, water tank at the chainage 18+540 and public school toilet at the chainage 19+280 should be removed.

During operation stage, vehicular movement, monsoon rain, cutting of trees on the unstable slopes might result in slope instability and hence erosion and landslides might occur. Flowing water on the side drain of the road might cause erosion of soil on adjacent agricultural land. Vehicular emissions will result in air and noise pollution. Because of easy accessibility to the forest, it will affect forest resources and wildlife.

IEE of Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha xiii Benefit Augmentation Measures Environmental and awareness raising training such as income generation activities, construction of soft engineering structures and bioengineering works for workers and contractors will be conducted. More emphasis will be given to women workers as at least 20% workers should be women.

Mitigation Measures Bioengineering will be done to stabilize slopes and spoils will be disposed in 5 identified spoil disposal sites at the chainage 3+500, 15+300, 23+250, 26+300 and 28+500. There is provision of toe walls for balancing cut and fill volume. A separate Resettlement Plan (RP) has been prepared to address land and property acquisition as well as compensation issues. The construction of road will be based on Contract. Affected families will be given high priority for employment and skill development trainings. The workers will be provided with helmets, masks, muffles depending on the nature of the construction work. Drinking water facility and temporary pit latrine will be constructed and disposal of excavated materials in the water bodies will be avoided. Workers will be provided with medicines and group accidental insurance facility.

Forestry clearance approval will be obtained from the District Forest Office (DFO) in order to fell tree from the construction site. CFUGs will be provided support through DFO for the compensatory plantation against tree loss and protection for 5 years. CFUGs will be supported for the plantation of 14,575 plants with estimated cost of NRs 2,328,211.00. Similarly, plantation of 519 plants (estimated cost is NRs. 34,383.75 will be done in private lands at the ratio of 1:1.Likewise, support for plantationand protection for 5yearsof 3,550 plants in national forest will be provided to DFO with estimated cost of NRs. 567,077.00.

During operation stage, minor landslide and mass wasting will be immediately cleared and slope restored with appropriate technology. Appropriate sign boards will be erected informing drivers about prohibition of blowing horns in the forest areas and potential areas for wildlife crossing. For developing managed settlement, awareness programs will be conducted. Appropriate road safety measures will be applied.

Public Consultation and Information Disclosure In order to prepare the IEE sub-project, 15 days public notice was published on 31/03/2016 A.D in Himalaya Times national Nepali daily newspaper seeking written opinions from concerned then VDCs, then DDC, DFO, CFUGs, schools, health posts and related local organizations. Public consultation was done with the local people living near the road, teachers and local leaders during the preparation of IEE report. Similarly, meetings were held with the local community in order to aware them of incoming road sub-project and to identify the possible beneficial and adverse impacts due to this sub-project.

IEE report along with executive summary, identified impacts, recommended benefit augmentation and mitigation measures and EMP was prepared in Nepali language for public disclosure. Likewise, after the incorporation of comments from ADB and NRA, final IEE report will be sent for approval. The approved IEE report will be accessible to interested parties and the general public through the information Gorkha DCC and websites of NRA, ADB and EEAP.

IEE of Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha xiv Grievance Redress Mechanism A four level Grievance Redress Mechanism has been provision in project to address the grievances of local bodies and affected person. Affected person can register grievances related to project. These grievances will be addressed from sub-project level to Grievance Redress Committee (GRC).

Environmental Management Plan An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been proposed with present report including issues identified, possible effects and impacts, measures for their mitigation and monitoring method and schedule. Different monitoring indicators on physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment have also identified. Overall project level monitoring will be conducted through the environmental management section (EMS) of NRA whereas the sub-project level monitoring will be arranged through safeguard desk in each DTO. For the Implementation of EMP, total amount of NRs. 7,129,270.70 has been proposed. Out of which, NRs 3,549,599.45 has been included already in civil work cost.

Conclusion and Recommendation The IEE study of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road sub- project reveals that the benefits from the implementation of the road project are more significant and long term in nature against the adverse impacts most of which could be mitigated or avoided. Therefore, this IEE is sufficient for approval of the road sub-project. This sub-project is recommended for the implementation with the incorporation of mitigation measures and environmental management.

IEE of Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha xv 1 Introduction 1.1 Name and Address of the Proponent 1. This IEE Report has been prepared for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of 30.575 km long district road for connecting Luitel gaun of Palungtar Municipality with Bhachek of Ajirkot Rural Municipality (then Hansapur VDC) in Gorkha District.

2. The District Coordination Committee (DCC), Gorkha is the implementing agency at the district level under Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) and the proponent of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of road sub-project.

Address: District Coordination Committee, Gorkha Phone: 064-420144 Email: [email protected] Fax: 064-420377 Website: http://www.ddcgorkha.gov.np/

Consultant Central Implementation Support Consultant (CISC) Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) Ekantakuna, Lalitpur P.O. Box 113 Telephone No: 977-1-5543142/43 Fax No: 977-1-5543144 E-mail: [email protected] website: http://www.drilpnepal.org

3. Af-Iteco Ltd., Switzerland acting as Central Implementation Support Consultant of EEAP has awarded consultancy services to the Joint Venture of BEAM Consultants Pvt. Ltd, Cemeca Consultant Pvt. Ltd and Digicon Engineering Consult Pvt. Ltd.

BEAM Consultants Pvt. Ltd Sanepa, Lalitpur, Nepal Tel: 01-5542783/ 5520577 Website: http://www.beamconsultant.com Email: [email protected]

1.2 Background 4. Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) is a project being implemented with the loan financing of ADB, Swiss technical support and counterpart funding from the Government of Nepal (GoN). EEAP will support GoN to accelerate recovery and reconstruction following the devastating earthquake of 25 April 2015 and the major aftershock of 12 May 2015. The Project covers 12 affected districts2 in eastern, middle and western development region of Nepal. The project will support rebuilding of schools, roads and district-level government buildings, and strengthening resilience to future disasters. A

2 Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, Lalitpur, Kavrepalanchowk, Dolakha, Ramechhap, Solukhumbu, Okhaldhunga, Chitwan, Gorkha, Lamjung and Sinduli

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 1 total of 450 km district roads damaged by the earthquakes and landslides will be rehabilitated and reconstructed under the EEAP. Project roads and bridges will be rehabilitated following the Build Back Better features for road safety and climate resilience.

5. Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) under the Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD) is the implementing agency for the district roads sub-component. EEAP has established Central Level Project Implementation Unit (CLPIU), headed by Project Manager to implement the rehabilitation and reconstruction program. CLPIU is supported through its District Level Project Implementation Unit (DLPIU). The technical and environmental supervision is supported by DCC/DTO.

6. Environmental safeguard measures are vital in order to assess the environmental consequences of the rural road for rehabilitation and upgrading in order to suggest appropriate, practical and site specific mitigation and augmentation measures. Hence, the terms of reference (ToR) is prepared to conduct an IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road, Gorkha district under EEAP.

1.3 Restructuring at Local Level 7. Government of Nepal has declared the name, number, boundary, ward’s boundary of 744 rural municipality and municipality with 481 rural municipalities, 246 municipalities, 13 sub-metropolitan cities, 4 metropolitan cities. The restructured bodies have come into force with the publication of notice by MoFALD in Nepal Gazette on 10th March, 2017. The village assembly and municipal assembly will make decision on this after the election in rural municipality and municipality.

8. With the publication of this notice by GoN, old local bodies like VDCs/DDCs are dissolved. A previous VDC has virtually turned into ward(s) of the municipality or ward(s) of Rural Municipality (RM). MoFALD has circulated local level administrative operation order, 2073 for continuing and managing services at local level untill the elected members take over the rural municipality, municipality and district assembly. DDC will be operated in name of District coordination committee (DCC). The duties and responsibilities of DDC will be carried by DCC. Project run by DDC will be run by DCC for this fiscal year. Multi-year project run by DDC, funded by GON and donor agencies, will be operated as per decision of ministry. This report presents the role and responsibility of institution for implementing environment management plan in a model, before the publication of restructuring notice. The role and responsibility has and further will be automatically transferred to concerned agencies as GoN decision related to restructuring of local level.

9. The project affected then Thalajung, Harmi, , Jaubari VDCs are now restructured as wards of Siranchok Rural Municipality (RM), Hanspur VDC has been restructured as ward of Ajirkot RM and wards of Palungtar municipality has also be restructured (please refer Table 1 for detail).

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 2 Table 1: Restructuring of Affected VDCs/Municipality of Gorkha District

VDC/Municipality Ward of then Current Reformation mentioned in report VDC/Municipality Palungtar municipality 12,13 Palungtar Municipality-2 7,11 Palungtar Municipality-3 6,8,9 Palungtar Municipality-4 10 Palungtar Municipality-5 1,4,5 Palungtar Municipality-6 2,3 Palungtar Municipality-7 Hanspur VDC 1-9 Ajirkot Rural Municipality-3 Thalajung VDC 1-9 Siranchok Rural Municipality-2 Harmi VDC 1-9 Siranchok Rural Municipality-3 Chhoprak VDC 7-9 Siranchok Rural Municipality-4 Chhoprak VDC 1-6 Siranchok Rural Municipality-5 Jaubari VDC 1-9 Siranchok Rural Municipality-8

1.4 Rationale of the IEE 10. An IEE of the upgrading road is necessary in order to assess the environmental consequences of the rural road construction activities and suggest appropriate, practical and site specific mitigation and enhancement measures. This is District road core network (DRCN)3 according to Nepal Rural Road Standard (2055) 1st Revision, September 2012 of the Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads. Therefore, it is a legal requirement by the Government of Nepal (GoN) according to Act relating to Reconstruction of the earthquake affected structures 2015, Rule relating to Reconstruction of the earthquake affected structures 2016, working procedure relating to EIA for Reconstruction of the Earthquake affected structures 2016 and first amendment (2016) and clause 2 of schedule 1 pertaining to section 3 of working procedure relating environmental impact assessment for reconstruction of the earthquake affected structure, 2016.

11. According to Nepali legal provision, preparation of IEE report by concerned District Coordination Committee (DCC) and approval of IEE report by the National Reconstruction Authority (NRA), is considered sufficient and Nepali legal provisions in essence satisfy ADB's requirements. EEAP falls under category "B" project where IEE is mandatory for all sub projects according to Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 of ADB.

12. This IEE report of road sub-project in Gorkha district is prepared based on the Terms of Reference (ToR) approved on 2072/12/12 B.S. (25/03/2016 A.D.) by the Secretary level decision of Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development (MoFALD) which is given in Appendix I but the Final IEE report will be submitted to National Reconstruction Authority (NRA). The climate Change checklist is given in Appendix II. Total road length in ToR was 39 km but the length of road in detail design is 30.575 km only. So, this IEE report has been prepared for 30.575 Km. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist was also considered during IEE report preparation as given in Appendix III.

3 A Road within the district joining a VDC headquarter (HQ or a growth centre to the district HQ directly or via other VDC(s), a neighboring district HQ or the strategic road network is called “district road core network”. Other roads which are not included in this network are village road.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 3 1.5 Objectives of the IEE Study 13. The specific objectives of the proposed IEE study include :

 Provide information on the general environmental setting of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road area as baseline data.  Identify the major issues that may arise as a result of proposed works on bio-physical, socioeconomic and cultural environment of the project area  Recommend practical and site specific environmental mitigation and enhancement measures, prepare and implement environmental monitoring plan for the sub-project  Make sure that IEE is sufficient for the road sub-project

1.6 Methodology Adopted 14. Necessary information was generated through field study and literature review to accommodate all issues as included in the approved ToR to analyze environmental impacts on physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural issues. Primary level of information was generated through questionnaires, checklists (Appendix IV) and data sheets walk-through survey. Secondary information was collected through reports, profiles, maps etc. Total civil work cost was estimated and given in Appendix V.

15. ToR was approved as per EPA 1997 and EPR 1997. The IEE approach, methodology and procedure were followed according to the provisions of the Act relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2015, Rules relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2016, working procedure relating to EIA for Reconstruction of the Earthquake affected structures 2016 (first amendment, 2016). It followed methodology suggested in the approved ToR for IEE Study (review of literature, sample survey/inspections/observations making simple measurements, discussion with communities and other stakeholders, and IEE team judgment). According to working procedure relating to EIA for Reconstruction of the Earthquake affected structures 2016, 7 days notice had to be published in national daily newspaper. However, 15 days public notice was published in 2072/12/25 B.S. (07/04/2016 A.D), Himalayan Times, a national daily newspaper (Appendix VI) seeking written opinion from concerned municipality, concerned then VDCs, then DDC, DFO, schools, health posts and related local organizations; immediately after approval of ToR as per EPA 1997 and EPR 1997.

16. A copy of the public notice was also affixed in the above mentioned organizations and a deed of enquiry (muchulka) was collected (see Appendix VII). Recommendation letters were obtained from concerned Municipality, then VDCs as given in Appendix VIII. Furthermore, local people were contacted and interviewed to solicit information. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were held within the various settlements along the ZoI (one and half hours walk from the centerline of the road or 5 km distance). Meeting minutes are given in Appendix IX. Socioeconomic data of households within road corridor were analyzed and summarized in Appendix X. The district level officials, then VDCs, municipality and community groups were also contacted to verify information (Appendix XI & XII). Plantation plan has been prepared (Appendix XIII). Based on the analysis of information the impacts have been predicted, mitigation measures prepared and monitoring plan has been developed. Please refer Chapter 7 for details about public consultation, participation and disclosure.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 4 1.6.1 Project Area Delineation 17. The project influence area and the impact area were identified during the preparation of ToR. Such areas were delineated based on the field conditions and nature of project development using the similar past experiences of the experts involved in the IEE process. Based on the environmental impacts of the project, the project-affected areas are classified as the following Table 2:

Table 2: Project Area Delination

Category Description Directly Impact Area Construction areas of project activities. Such area includes (ward level) the formation width, Right of Way (RoW), and ancillary structure sites camp facilities area, excavation area /quarry sites and stock piling sites including their access components. (Considering administrative boundary: Palungtar Municipality- 2,3,4,5,6,7, Ajirkot Rural Municipality-3, Siranchok Rural Municipality-2,3,4,5,8) Indirectly Impact Area Immediate areas of construction with moderate and low (RM/Municipality level) impacts. Such area covers area beyond the DIA and within 100 meters each side from the centerline of road including a buffer area of about 100 meters from the ancillary structure sites. (Considering administrative boundary: Palungtar Municipality, Ajirkot Rural Municipality, Siranchok Rural Municipality) Zone of Influence Then Palungtar Municipality and then VDCs (Jaubari, (Settlement level) Thalajung, Harmi, Chhoprak, Hansapur), especially focusing on 1.5 hours walk from the road within the settlement of project VDCs (excluding zone of other influence similar or higher category roads) through which the road traverse. Project Affected District Project district, the districts where the project shall be implemented, Gorkha District

1.6.2 Desk study and Literature review: 18. IEE study team collected and reviewed the available secondary sources of information for physical, biological, socio-econmic and cultural envionment. i. Physical Environment: 19. From various available sources of secondary information (e.g. Topographical Map, Regional Geological Map, DHM, MoPE, and information on topography, geology and precipitations, temperatures were reviewed and collected. ii. Biological Environment: 20. The important secondary sources of information were reviewed from relevant literatures including other projects EIA reports, then VDC/DDC Profiles, and websites of MoPE, DoF, MoFSC, and DNPWC.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 5 iii. Socio-economic and Cultural Environment: 21. During desk study necessary secondary data /information/published or unpublished reports (e.g.Gorkha district, Palungtar Municipality and Hansapur, Thalajung, Harmi, Chhoprak and Jaubari VDCs profile, CBS data) were gathered from related organizations/institutions. These documents were reviewed and relevant information for the study was assembled. iv. Preparation of Household Survey Questionnaire, FGD and Checklists: 22. During desk study the survey tools such as household survey questionnaire, FGD and environemntal checklists were prepared based on the ToR for IEE study.

1.6.3 Field Investigation: 23. Field investigation of the project area was carried out by a multidisciplinary IEE study team. During field investigation various steps were involved. More specifically, alignment route observation and study of the topography and consultation with local key informants was the main approach. Further, different tools (i.e checklists, questionnaires, and guidelines) were used individually for each component of environment. In addition to, during field visit data and information gathered through secondary information were also validated. Various steps used as per domin are discussed as follows. a. Physical Environment: 24. The main techniques used to investigate physical environment include alignment route observation and study of the topography and consultation with locals. Applying such approach, information and data on physical environment such as topography/terrain types (e.g. aspect, gradient, and elevation), land use, geology, soils, slope stability, landslide/soil erosion prone zones, and hydrology including river systems, drainage types, watershed condition and low land/simsar areas were generated and gathered.

25. The information and data on topography/terrain types (i.e elevation, aspects, and slopes) were generated with the help of GPS, Topographic Maps), Google Earth Image, Regional and District Maps, and compass. Then the investigated data and information were gathered systemically. Regional Geological Map, Geological Hammer, Measuring Tape, GPS and Digital Camera as per need including checklist were used for necessary data and information investigation. Surface geology of the road alignment was measured and described in the site.

26. Slope stability and natural hazards information were investigated through topography/terrain observation and with consultation of local people. Likewise, landslide and soil erosion prone sections were observed critically. Field investigation was based mainly on site observation and key informants' interviews.

27. Present air, water and noise pollution’s qualitative data was collected through direct observation, consultation with local people. Study of land use types was carried out mainly through field observation with the help of strip map, topographical maps and consultation with local key informants. During detailed field investigation land use data available from Walkthrough Survey was also verified.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 6 b. Biological Environment 28. In biological component, existing situation and possible impacts on wild flora and fauna were studied in relation to risk of project implementation.

Data Collection Method for Forest Vegetation 29. Relevant information and data were collected through alignment walk-through including grid lines count, discussions with knowledgeable key informants, CFUGs and other stakeholders at the site as well as with the help of standard reference (Polunin and Stainton 1984). Botanical nomenclature followed Press et al. (2000). In general, possible impact on forest area, especially on road formation width (i.e. especially 6.25 m width including areas with drains and other structures) were discussed. Name and address of forest with chainage, forest type by management, existing road width in forest area, name and number of trees species to be cut from each forest and private land were identified with the help of CFUG's member. Total enumeration was done for tree loss assessment. Data on NTFPs was collected through direct observation and consultation with local people.

Data Collection Method for Wildlife and Avifauna 30. For information on terrestrial and aquatic fauna as well as avifauna, consultation was done with member of CFUGs and other forest user groups, and key informants involved in the forest related activities including local knowledgeable person. Information on mammalian species and their movement was obtained from discussions with the local pople, members of CFUGs etc. Identification of mammalian species followed Baral and Shah (2008) and Shrestha T.K. (1997). An inventory of avifauna was performed by direct observation and consultation with local people. c. Socio-economic and Cultural Environment: 31. Local enumerators and assistants were hired for administrating household survey questionnaire from the project affected area. They were trained on survey methodology, tools and process to identify likely affected land plots and their owners for household census survey. Then, the trained local enumerators and assistants were mobilized for administrating household survey and data collection. The Socio-economic Surveyor supervised the enumerators whereas the Socioeconomist and the Team Leader monitored the data collection process in the field. Field survey for collection of baseline data/information on socio-economic and cultural environment was conducted in the proposed project area (i.e. road alignment from Luitel of Palungtar Municipality to Bhachhek of Ajirkot RM (then Hansapur VDC) of Gorkha district).

Households (HHs) Survey: 32. The detailed household survey was carried out with all project affected households whose land and other properties (e.g. structures, fruit, fodder, timber trees) was to be fallen within Right of Way (RoW), and would be permanently acquired. The project affected households were identified after delineating likely affected parcels of land on Cadastral Survey Map and with the help of local key informants especially who were involved in walk through survey time. Trained local enumerators visited each identified households and interviewed the household heads or/ available respondents and filled out the survey forms under direct supervision of Socio-economic Surveyor and monitoring by the Socio- economist.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 7 Focus Group Discussion (FGD): 33. This method was administrated with local community within the major clusters / locations. In general, the participants were local persons of the affected households including other households from the project community. The discussions was focussed to record the existing baseline socioeconomic condition including opinion, issues and concerns of the project affected people and stakeholders related to the proposed road project. The FGD also gave opportunities to interact with the concerned public and stakeholders, to know their concern, views and suggestions on road alignment route and location, land acquisition, relocation of private and public infrastructure and utilities, including other social issues and concerns, and to know their view on likely environmental issues/impacts and suggestions and advices need to be considered in the IEE study.

Key Informants Interview (KII)/Stakeholder Consultation and Observation: 34. The KII technique was applied among the key informants and the relevant stakeholders such as local elite people, community leaders, school principles / teachers, business and governmental and non-governmental organizations / institutions. With the help of KII technique information on socioeconomic and cultural environments and also potential impacts due to project intervention were gathered. In addition, overall observations were made and photographs were taken to cross check the data and information.

1.6.4 Database Preparation, Analysis, Prediction and Assessment of Impact 35. The required data for the study was collected through primary and secondary source as mentioned above and database was prepared. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to establish existing baseline information on physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environments. Data and information from the questionnaires/checklists were entered on processing data entry layout. Data analysis and interpretation of physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural environments were carried out by the respective domain specialists. Then interpretation was made based on the results obtained. In brief these are presented here under. a. Data Analysis and Interpretation Physical Environment 36. The collected existing baseline condition information and data on such as topography (i.e. elevation, aspect, and slope), geology and soil type were analyzed. Similarly, qualitative data on air, water and noise pollution status were analyesd. For instances, measure discontinuities data were used for slope stability assessment. Likewise, slope stability in rocks was analyzed with the help of DIP Version5.1. The physical environmental information (e.g. topography, climate, geology, soils, land use, slope stability, hydrology) was tabulated to the extent possible. The output of analyzed information and data were interpreted in logical, sequential and consistent order.

Biological Environment 37. The biological environmental information (e.g. tree and wildlife species, and bird species) collected from primary and secondary sources and were tabulated. Then the recorded species were compared and verified to the list prepared by IUCN Red Data Book, CITES and List of Endangered, Rare and Threatened Plant Species published by GoN.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 8 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment 38. The collected socio-economic data were entered in MS Excel 2010 and processed as required. Similalrly, qualitative data related to socio-economic and cultural environment was analysed to create the existing baseline. Suggestions made by the local people and stakeholders' during public consultation was was considered for benefit augmentation measures and mitigation measures for adverse impacts are proposed.

1.6.5 Impact Identification, Prediction and Assessment/Evaluation Method Impact Identification 39. Based on field visit observation and consultation meeting with local, issues that may trigger due to project intervention were identified and prioritized. From the exercise both types of beneficial and adverse impacts were identified for IEE study. The impacts were categorized as per environmental domain (i.e physical, biological, and socio-economic and cultural environments). Likewise; an impact that may trigger under different phases of project implementation (i.e. construction and operation) was also taken into account for the assessment.

Impact Prediction 40. By and large, extrapolative (i.e. predictions on the basis of past and present data, and trend analysis), and experts` experience and judgment (applying past experience and knowledge of the experts) methods were applied for impact prediction.

Impact Assessment/Evaluation: 41. The assessment of environmental impacts was derived exclusively from the baseline environmental conditions of the affected environment with the project activities in relation to spatial and temporal aspects in terms of magnitude, extent and duration of impacts. The impacts have been predicted in terms of their magnitude (minor, moderate and high), extent (site specific, local and regional) and duration (short, medium and long term). Evaluation of the level of significance of impacts was made based on prevailing legislative setup, numerical values with scoring (National EIA Guideline, 1993), consultation with stakeholders, expert’s past experience and other criteria.

1.6.6 Study Team: 42. Field survey comprised of walkthrough survey, consultation with community, site inspection and observation. Data collection was done from 10/04/2016 to 17/04/2016 AD (2072/12/28 BS to 2073/01/05 BS) by the the IEE team. The team members are listed below:

Team Member: Dr. Madhav Giri – Environment Expert Ms. RamanKala Majakoti – Environment Expert Ms. Nita Adhikari – Environment Expert Mr. Tulsi Giri – Sociologist Mr. Madan Neupane – Geologist Mr. Hari Krishna Shrestha –Road Engineer Mr. Ram Prasad Pathak – Biologist

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 9 1.7 Limitations of the IEE study: 43. The study has following limitations:

 Recommendation of detail spoil management plan is suggested, however, it has not been attached as a part of IEE.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 10 2 Nepal’s Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirements for the Project

44. In Nepal, various legal instruments are in place to ensure the integration of environmental aspects in development proposals. This IEE reviewed the following legislative (refer Table 3) provisions and environmental guidelines to ensure compliance of the Project.

Table 3: Review of Environmental Acts, Regulations and Guidelines

A Constitution 1 The Constitution of Nepal: It has guaranteed every person the right to live in a clean environment as a fundamental right. As per the constitution, it is also a matter of State policy to adopt appropriate measures to abolish or mitigate existing or possible adverse environmental impacts on the nature, environment or biological diversity. B Act and Regulations 2 Act relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake affected structures 2072 B.S (2015 A.D.): This act provides for the creation of the NRA for a period of five years (which may be extended) and defines its functions, duties and powers. It has mandated NRA for leading and managing the earthquake recovery and reconstruction in Nepal. It has delegated the NRA the authority to frame rules (Section 30), may make and enforce necessary guidelines or procedures in order to conduct its business (Section 31). 3 Solid Waste Management Act, 2068 B.S. (2011 A.D.): It outlines the duties of local government to take action to control haphazard waste generation, disposal or collection and has provisions for various punitive measures against those engaged in activities detrimental to the intentions of the Act. 4 Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2057 B.S. (2000 A.D.): Engaging children including those who has not attained the age of 14 in risky activities against his/her will by any means is prohibited. In case any enterprise has to engage a child in works, an approval has to be obtained from concerned body. 5 Local Self Governance Act 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.): Empowers the local bodies for the conservation of soil, forest and other natural resources and implements environmental conservation activities 6 Forest Act, 2049 B.S. (1993 A.D.): Requires decision makers to take account of all forest values, including environmental services and biodiversity, not just the production of timber and other commodities. 7 Water Resources Act, 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.): It has legal arrangements for determining beneficial uses of water resources, preventing environment and other hazardous effects thereof and also keeping water resources free from pollution. It has clearly mentioned that no one shall pollute water resource by way of using or putting any litter, industrial wastes, poison, chemical or toxicant to the effect that the pollution tolerance limit of the water resource as prescribed. 8 The Labor Act, 2048 B.S. (1992 A.D.): Regulates the working environment, deals with occupational health and safety. 9 Soil and Watershed Conservation Act (SWCA), 2039 B.S. (1982 A.D.); It empowers GoN to declare any area of Nepal as a conserved watershed area, specifying the borders thereof. The Watershed Conservation Officer (WCO) has the authority to implement protective infrastructure, vegetation program and regulate agricultural practices pertinent to soil and watershed conservation. It empowers WCO to prohibit the commission of any acts that may cause soil-erosion or soil cutting in a land where any of the acts has been done 10 Public Roads Act, 2031 B.S. (1974 A.D.): Act mandates requirement of permission from the DoR to carry out activities within the limits of the road boundaries and also provision of notifying the DoR by local governmental offices prior to the start of activities in the limits of the public roads.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 11 11 National Park and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2029 B.S. (1972 A.D.): This act provides protection to 27 species of mammals, 9 species of birds and three species of reptiles. C International Conventions 12 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), 2053 B.S., amended, 2059 B.S. (1973 A.D., amended 1979 A.D.): It regulates international trade in endangered wild flora and fauna with the aim of reducing or eliminating trade in species whose numbers or conditions suggest that further removal from their natural habitat would lead to their extinction. It urges parties not to allow trade in specimen of species included in the CITES Appendices I, II and III with some exception. As the area holds some CITES listed species, this convention is attracted in case of their trade. 13 Convention on Biological Diversity, 2049 B.S. (1992): It focuses on the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits. It urges parties to introduce appropriate procedures requiring EIA of the proposed projects that are likely to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity. 14 Convention (No. 169) Concerning Indigenous and Tribal People in Independent Countries, 2046 B.S. (1989A.D): The convention provides right to the indigenous and tribal people to decide their own priorities for the process of development. It mandates participation in formulations of the plan and programs, decision making regarding national development. It safeguards rights of the indigenous people in territories traditionally occupied by them. D Rules and Regulations 15 Rule relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake affected structures 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D): It provides the basis for prioritization of reconstruction. More importantly, it defines functions, duties and rights of the Chief Executive Officer and Secretary of NRA and District Coordination Committee. 16 Local Self Governance Rules 2056 B.S. (2000 A.D.): It provides procedural guidelines for implementation of the Local Self Governance Act. 17 Forest Rules, 2051 B.S. (1995 A.D.): It elaborates legal measures for the conservation of forests and wildlife and provides procedural guidelines for implementation of the Forest Act. It stipulates that in case the execution of any project having national priority in any forest area causes any loss or harm to any local individual or community, the proponent of the project itself shall bear the amount of compensation to be paid. E Plans and Policies 18 National Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Policy, 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.): It has identified restoration and improvement of access to service and improve environmental resilience as one of its strategic recovery objectives. 19 Forest Policy, 2071 B.S. (2015 A.D.): Plantation is mandatory for environmental friendly physical infrastructure development along settlement area, road and irrigation canal. 20 Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2071 B.S (2014 A.D.): This policy has been formulated to strengthen socioeconomic conidition of project affected families with the provision of necessary land acquisition, justifiable compensation, appropriate resettlement and rehabilitation for the public welfare and implementation of infrastructure development projects. 21 Three Years Interim Plan, 2070/71-2072/73 B.S. (2013/14-2015/16 A.D.): Identified the importance of road sector in promoting national unification, socio-economic development and regional balance contributing to overall development of the country and also in promoting the access to service and facilities. It aims to achieve sustainable, broad-based, inclusive economic growth. The plan also addresses climate change adaptation and mitigation and overall environment protection. 22 ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 A.D.: ADB’s Safeguard Policy Framework consists of three operational policies on the Environment, Indigenous people and Involuntary resettlement. It requires that (i) impacts are identified and assessed early in the project cycle, (ii) plans to avoid, minimize, mitigate or compensate for the potential adverse impacts are developed and implemented and (iii) affected people are informed and consulted during project preparation and

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 12 implementation. 23 20 Year Road Plan, 2059 –2079 B.S. (2002-2022 A.D.): With main objectives of development of Strategic Road Networks (SRN), the implementation strategies include all weather road connection to the District Headquarters (DHQ) and provision of road linkages from the DHQ to the adjacent road network of the neighboring districts and countries 24 Policy Document, Environmental Assessment in the Road Sector of Nepal, 2056 B.S. (2000 A.D.): It proposes to adopt measures to improve the way of life of the affected people and safeguard natural surroundings. In case damage is inevitable environmental assessment should find ways of reducing or compensating for such damage. It suggested five types of environmental assessment activities viz. Screening, IEE, Scoping, EIA and Monitoring. F Work Procedures, Guidelines and Others 25 Local body restructuring notice, MoFALD, GON, 2017 A.D: Declaration of the name, number, boundary, ward’s boundary of 744 rural municipality and municipality with 481 rural municipalities, 246 municipalities, 13 sub-metropolitan cities, 4 metropolitan cities and dissolve of VDC/DDC. 26 Work Procedure Related with Environmental Impact Assessment for Rehabilitation of Earthquake Affected Structures (Fundamental Procedure), 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.) and First Ammendment, 2073 B.S. (2016 A.D.): These provide procedural guidelines for undertaking reconstruction and rehabilitation projects. These include a comprehensive suite of procedures for different activities like environmental impact assessment, land acquisition, and public procurement for reconstruction projects (2072 B.S.) and grievance management (2073 B.S.). It determines the format of IEE and EIA. The first amendment has revised the threshold for projects to undergo IEE or EIA. It prescribes (under Clause 2 of Schedule 1) that upgrading, rehabilitation and reconstruction and new construction of district, urban and rural road should follow IEE study and approval. 27 Working Procedure to Use National Forest area for National Priority Projects, 2074 B.S. (2017 A.D.): Following are the main features: • EMP/IEE/EIA study is mandatory for obtaining forestry clearance. • Alternative analysis has to be done during feasibility study for avoiding forest area or if not having minimal loss of vegetation. • Concerned Ministry has to obtain concurrence from Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation before approving IEE/EIA • Provision of compensatory plantation (with protection for five years) at the ratio of 1:25 plants by the project or provide plantation and protection cost to concerned DFO. 28 Community forest development program guideline (third revision 2071 B.S.): Sustainable and scientific management of forest by the local users including environment services and facilities for the mitigation of natural calamaties, wildlifes nad forest fire 29 ADB Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF), 2015 A.D. for EEAP: It elaborates environmental legal requirements and procedures according to the Government of Nepal and Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 of ADB and guides the preparation of environmental assessments and environmental management plans. 30 ADB Resettlement Framework (RF), 2015 A.D. for EEAP: It guides the preparation of resettlement plans by elaborating legal and procedural guidelines according to GoN and ADP SPS. 31 Batabaran Parichhyan - Resource Booklet - 2070 B.S. (2013): It provides guidance for local body to prepare environmental assessment reports of different projects; construction materials extraction and local roads, on their own. 32 Environment Friendly Local Governance Framework (EFLG) 2070 B.S (2013 A.D.): This framework is prepared to promote environmental conservation through local institutions to materialize environment friendly local development concept. There are different level of environment friendly indicators like basic, advanced and special indicators at household, tole/settlement, ward, VDC, Municipality and District level. Main objectives of this framework are as follows:  Mainstreaming the environment, climate change, disaster management issues in local development planning process.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 13  Making environment friendly local governance mechanism.  Strengthening basic level to make environment friendly sustainable development.  Promoting coordination and cooperation within environment and development.  Strengthening local organization to enhance local ownership for the sustainable development of environment. 33 Nepal Rural Road Standard, 2012 A.D.: Sets the classification and geometric design standards for the Local Road Network to be followed by all those involved in the development of the network, including Users, User Committees, VDCs, DDCs, DTOs, DoLIDAR and its development partners. 34 National Adaptation Program of Action, 2068 B.S. (2010 A.D.): The NAPA has been instrumental in mainstreaming climate change in development planning. The NAPA has developed a framework for adaptation programme, and has identified key adaptation needs, existing adaptation practices and options for developed projects including infrastructure. 35 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, 2014-2020 FY: It is prepared to provide guiding framework for the management of Nepal’s biodiversity. It has focused on national needs of biodiversity management and conservation, fulfillment of the international obligations, sustainable use of its components and equitable sharing of benefits accrued from conservation and utilization of genetic resources. It has a long term (i.e. 35 years) vision, and includes specific short term (up to 2020) strategies and priorities for action. 36 Government of Nepal: Work Procedure for Providing the Forest Land for Other Use, 2063 B.S. (2007 A.D.): Forest area will be provided for the national priority projects only. Provision for the compensatory plantation (with protection for five years) equivalent to the forest area lost from the construction of the road/bridge. If the trees lost have more than 10 cm diameter, then 25 times more new trees will be planted. 37 Reference Manual for Environmental and Social Aspects of Integrated Road Development, 2060 B.S (2003 A.D): Suggests stepwise process of addressing environmental and social issues alongside the technical, financial and other issues. 38 Batabaraniya Nirdesika (Nepali), 2057 B.S. (2000 A.D.): Focuses in the practical implementation of small rural infrastructures through the minimization of environmental impacts and outlines simple methods of environmental management in the different phases of the project cycle. More emphasis is given to prevention rather than cure. 39 APPROACH for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Roads, 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.): Emphasizes labor based technology and environmental friendly, local resource oriented construction methods to be incorporated actively in rural infrastructure process. 40 Green Roads in Nepal, Best Practices Report – An Innovative Approach for Rural Infrastructure Development in the Himalayas and Other Mountainous Regions. GIZ, 1999 A.D.: It focuses on participatory, labor based and environment friendly technology with proper alignment selection, mass balancing, proper water management, bioengineering and phased construction. 41 Environmental Management Guidelines, Geo Environmental and Social Unit, DoR, 2054 B.S. (1997 A.D.): It consists of environmental mitigation measures to be incorporated into DoR projects, procedures for public participation, and socio-economic consideration. The Environmental Mitigation Measures are broken down into 12 categories or activities and a method for implementation is given for each mitigation measures including implementation strategies. These environmental mitigation measures should be used in conjunction with good engineering design, construction and operation practices. It also suggests considering the various socio-economic issues like land acquisition and compensation, economic impacts and cultural heritage. 42 National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, 2050 B.S. (1993 A.D.): Provides guidance to project proponent on integrating environmental mitigation measures, particularly on the management of quarries, borrow pits and stockpiling of materials, operation of the work camps, earthworks and slope stabilization, location of stone crushing plants etc.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 14 3 Description of Project 3.1 Relevancy of the Sub-project 45. This road will provide physical and economical accesses to the people of north east part to district headquarter and other parts of the country. In addition people of nearby district headquarter will also be benefitted.

46. Construction of this road will provide easy physical and economical access to the people within zone of influence (ZoI). This road can serve as a means and catalyst for different development activities like water supply, irrigation, health and education in the area. Local productions can get market with improved transportation facility so that people from the area may have better earning opportunities. Moreover, this road will save considerable travel time and improve income generation potentials, enhance commercial opportunities and improve market accessibility.

3.2 Description and Location 47. The Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road sub-project lies in the Gorkha district in Western Development Region of Nepal. It starts from Luitel gaun of Palungtar municipality at an altitude of 439 masl and ends at Bhachek of Ajirkot rural municipality (then Hansapur VDC) at an altitude of 1661 masl. It passes through 15 major settlements: Bhachek Bazar, Balekhu, Dharapani, Chisapani, Chipleti, Chilaune, Thalajung, Tallopam, Chittapokhari, Bhalumare, and Thumki gaun, Thaneswor, Harmi Bhanjyang, Aappipal and Baddada. The road does not pass through any protected areas, historically and archaeologically sensitive areas.

48. This road has been proposed for upgrading for rehabilitation and reconstruction. The road passes through forests, cultivated land and settlement area crossing stream (khola) named Hudi khola at the various chainage of 12+735, 13+010, 13+720, 14+220, and 14+750.

49. Length of this road is 30.575 km and formation width is 6.25 m. Total project cost of the road is estimated NRs 774,030,012.11 and civil work cost is NRs. 701,147,466.30 (Refer Appendix V).The location of the road is illustrated by the Figure 1, 2 and ecological features by the Figure 3.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 15

Figure 1: Map showing Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project in Gorkha District

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 16

Figure 2: Map showing Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 17

Figure 3: Ecological Map of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Sub-project

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 18 3.3 Salient Features of the Sub-project Table 4: Salient feature of the sub-project Parameter Descriptions Start point Luitel Gaun of Palungtar Municipality End point Bhachek of Ajirkot RM (then Hansapur VDC) DRCN Road Code No 36DR003 Sub - Project starting date April, 2016 Sub - Project ending date June, 2019 Geographical features Terrain Hilly Alignment Rolling Altitude 439 masl to 1,661 masl Altitude at starting point 439 m Altitude at ending point 1,661 m Climate Tropical Geology Higher Himalayan (Alluvial, Colluvial soil and residual soil Classification of road District Road Core Network (DRCN) Length of Road 30.575 km Existing Road Earthen Proposed Pavement Bituminous (Premix Carpeting) Construction period Three Years Name of settlements Bhachek Bazar, Balekhu, Dharapani, Chiapani, Chipleti, Chilaune, Aappipal, Thalajung, Tallopam, Chittapokhari, Bhalumare, Bhanjyang, Harmi, Thaneswor, Thumki gaun and Baddada. No. of households 734 Municipality / RM (then Municipality- Palungtar VDCs) along the road RM- Siranchok RM( then Thalajung, Harmi, Chhoprak, Jaubari VDCs) and Ajirkot RM ( then Hanspur VDC) Cross-section Right Of Way 10 m on either side (centre line) Minimum Gradient 0.5% Maximum Gradient 11% Retaining structures Stone Masonry wall 2,12,955.5 cu.m Gabion Retaining and 8,417.5 cu.m Breast Walls Earthwork Excavation/Cutting 3,30,154.3 cu.m Embankment/Filling 79,211.51 cu.m Bioengineering cost (NRs.) 1,336,643.95 Total Civil Cost (NRs.) 701,147,466.30 Total EMP cost (NRs.) 7,129,270.70 (In which NRs 3,549,599.45 is civil cost, NRs 200,000 is Envirinment monitoring cost, NRs 3379,671.25 is Environment mitigation cost) Total Project cost NRs 744,030,012.11

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 19 Parameter Descriptions Employment generation Skilled 33,442 person days Unskilled 120,256 person days

3.4 Components and Activities of the Sub-project 50. Total length of the road is 30.575 km with 6.25 m formation width. Project components are: construction of drainage structures like side drain (covered trapezoidal, open trapezoidal, open cascade and closed cascade), pipe culvert, irrigation crossing, retaining structures like stone masonry wall, gabion retaining and breast wall as well as earthwork like cutting and filling. Bioengineering, spoil disposal management, compensatory plantation are the activities during the construction of this road sub-project.

3.5 Construction Approach 51. Implementation of road sub-project works shall be carried out employing Labour by the contractor with following features:

 Use of (external) labour, hand tools and small equipment and heavy machinery for construction.  Balancing cut and fill as well as reuse of excavated materials as construction materials, and managing excess spoils as far as possible.  Use of bio-engineering techniques with integrated use of vegetation, simple civil engineering structures and proper water management systems for slope protection.

3.6 Implementation Schedule 52. Following Table 5 shows the proposed implementation schedule for the sub-project:

Table 5: Sub-project Implementation Schedule

S.N Activities 2016 2017 2018 I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV

1 Detailed survey, design and estimate

2 Preparation of resettlement plan 2.1 Life skill and income generation training 3 Environmental Assessment and Implementation 3.1 IEE report preparation and approval from NRA and ADB 3.2 Implementation of EMP 3.3 Environmental Monitoring 4 Work Implementation 4.1 Civil construction work by Contractor Note: I - January, February, March II - April, May, June III - July, August, September IV - October, November, December

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 20 4 Description of the Existing Environment 53. The baseline information on the existing physical, biological as well as socio- economic and cultural environment of the proposed sub-project is described as follows:

4.1 Physical Environment 54. The section describes the physical condition of the area that comes under the ZoI of the road section along its entire length and surrounding area.

4.1.1 Topography and Geomorphology Geology and Soil type 55. Geologically, the road lies in the Higher Himalayan of Nepal. Majority of road passes through Ranimatta formation followed by basic rocks, Ulleri formation and Ghanapokhari formation. The details of the geology of the road are given in the Table 6 and Figure 4 below:

Table 6: Summary of the Surface Geology along the Road

Chainage Geology and S.N. Details From To Soil 1 0+000 7+000 Basic rocks Basic types of rocks. Grey greenish, grey grittly phyllites, grilstones with Ranimatta 2 7+000 22+200 Conglomerates and white massive quarzites in the Formation upper parts basic instrusions are noted. 3 22+200 24+500 Ulleri Formation Augen gneisis and feldspathic schists. Black to grey Carboneus slates and green shales. Ghanapokhari Chour carbonates white to grey compact dolomite 4 24+500 30+575 Formation and dolomitic limestones interbedded with shales beds. (Source: Geological map of Central Nepal)

Table 7: Slope Grade and Geological Condition for Cutting Slope / Filling

S. No Geological Classification Slope Grade Slope Grade (Cutting ) (Filling ) Major Minor Classification Classification 1 Soil Colluvium (soil) 1:0.5 1:1.5 2 Rock Medium 1:0.3~1:0.4 - Rock,Hard Rock (Source: Field surve ,2016)

56. Based on the observations during field survey, there are different soil types along the alignment of the road. The soil types found along the alignment has been classified following the standard practice as Ordinary Soil (OS), Hard Soil (HS), Ordinary Rock (OR), Medium Rock (MR) and Hard Rock (HR). The estimated average weightage of the different soil types along the alignment based on field observation are given below in Table 8.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 21 Table 8: Soil Type along the Road

Soil Classification Chainage OS HS OR MR HR 0+000 to 0+600 25% 70% 5% 0% 0% 0+620 to 2+380 20% 65% 7% 5% 3% 2+400 to 3+580 25% 70% 5% 0% 0% 3+600 to 4+600 20% 65% 7% 5% 3% 4+620 to 4+660 10% 75% 10% 4% 1% 4+680 to 4+800 20% 65% 7% 5% 3% 4+820 to 5+260 25% 70% 5% 0% 0% 5+280 to 5+380 15% 65% 7% 10% 3% 5+400 to 5+800 20% 65% 7% 5% 3% 5+820 to 5+980 10% 65% 10% 8% 7% 6+000 to 6+540 20% 65% 7% 5% 3% 6+560 to 7+100 25% 70% 5% 0% 0% 7+120 to 7+540 15% 65% 7% 10% 3% 7+560 to 8+460 20% 65% 7% 5% 3% 8+480 to 8+860 25% 70% 5% 0% 0% 8+880 to 17+600 20% 65% 7% 5% 3% 17+600 to 19+100 20% 65% 7% 5% 3% 19+120 to 20+160 25% 70% 5% 0% 0% 20+180 to 21+000 20% 65% 7% 5% 3% 21+020 to 21+480 25% 70% 5% 0% 0% 21+500 to 22+280 15% 70% 3% 10% 2% 22+300 to 23+580 20% 65% 7% 5% 3% 23+600 to 23+960 25% 70% 5% 0% 0% 23+980 to 29+000 20% 65% 7% 5% 3% 29+020 to 30+575 15% 65% 7% 10% 3% (Source: Field Survey, 2016)

(Source: Geological map of Central Nepal) Figure 4: Geological Map of the Road and surrounding area

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 22 Landslides and Slope Stability 57. Slope Stability depends on the existing geological structures, lithology of the rock units, soil type, topography and hydrological condition of the particular sides. The active gully and rills in the colluvium surface exhibits high mass waste phenomena. The slope with loose colluvium soil is highly susceptible to sliding after water saturation due to increased pore water pressure, which ultimately increases the driving force.

58. Very few cut slope failures are observed along the road. There is very less chances of occurring failure because of opposite natural hill slope. However, chainage 3+900-3+950 and chainage 21+680-21+730 is landslide prone area of the road.

59. Along the road where the loose soil exposed and prone area of the groundwater, it is suggested to manage the drainage surface water and apply the bioengineering works.

4.1.2 Land Use 60. Land use pattern of the area through which the road passes have been classified into settlement area, agricultural land and forest land as shown in Table 9 below.

Table 9: Land Use Type along the road Chainage Width Area Type of Length Existing Additional Existing Additional Land Starting Ending (m) (m) (m) (ha) (ha) 0+000 0+230 230 5.5 0.75 0.127 0.017 1+490 2+590 1100 5.5 0.75 0.605 0.083 2+695 2+807 112 6 0.25 0.067 0.003 5+300 7+510 2210 5.5 0.75 1.216 0.166 8+100 9+800 1700 4.5 1.75 0.765 0.298 10+870 12+550 1680 4.5 1.75 0.756 0.294 12+750 13+050 300 4 2.25 0.120 0.068 13+180 13+300 120 4 2.25 0.048 0.027

Agriculture 13+980 14+790 810 4 2.25 0.324 0.182 Land 14+800 15+090 290 4 2.25 0.116 0.065 15+165 16+000 835 4 2.25 0.334 0.188 17+660 18+840 1180 5.5 0.75 0.649 0.089 20+340 20+840 500 5.5 0.75 0.275 0.038 20+860 21+860 1000 5.5 0.75 0.550 0.075 21+920 22+300 380 5.5 0.75 0.209 0.029 22+310 24+430 2120 4 2.25 0.848 0.477 24+440 25+100 660 4 2.25 0.264 0.149 25+370 26+960 1590 5 1.25 0.795 0.199

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 23 Chainage Width Area Type of Length Existing Additional Existing Additional Land Starting Ending (m) (m) (m) (ha) (ha) 26+980 27+207 227 5 1.25 0.114 0.028 27+225 28+190 965 5 1.25 0.483 0.121 28+220 28+700 480 5 1.25 0.240 0.060 30+140 30+575 435 5 1.25 0.218 0.054

Sub-total 18,924 9.121 2.707 1+100 1+490 390 5 1.25 0.195 0.049 2+870 3+000 130 6 0.25 0.078 0.003 4+255 4+890 635 6 0.25 0.381 0.016 4+900 5+300 400 4.5 1.75 0.180 0.070 7+510 8+000 490 4.5 1.75 0.221 0.086 Barren land 9+810 10+200 390 4.5 1.75 0.176 0.068 10+550 10+630 80 4.5 1.75 0.036 0.014 13+720 13+905 185 4 2.25 0.074 0.042 18+870 19+100 230 5 1.25 0.115 0.029 25+130 25+340 210 5 1.25 0.105 0.026 29+280 29+320 40 5 1.25 0.020 0.005 Sub-total 3,180 1.580 0.408 0+230 1+100 870 5.5 0.75 0.479 0.065 3+500 4+255 755 6 0.25 0.453 0.019 10+630 10+870 240 4.5 1.75 0.108 0.042 12+550 12+750 200 4 2.25 0.080 0.045 13+050 13+180 130 4 2.25 0.052 0.029 16+500 17+660 1160 4 2.25 0.464 0.261 18+840 18+870 30 5 1.25 0.015 0.004 Forest 19+280 19+290 10 5.5 0.75 0.006 0.001 20+180 20+340 160 5 1.25 0.080 0.020 20+840 20+860 20 5.5 0.75 0.011 0.002 21+860 21+920 60 5 1.25 0.030 0.008 22+300 22+310 10 4 2.25 0.004 0.002 24+430 24+440 10 4 2.25 0.004 0.002 25+100 25+130 30 4.5 1.75 0.014 0.005 25+340 25+370 30 5 1.25 0.015 0.004

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 24 Chainage Width Area Type of Length Existing Additional Existing Additional Land Starting Ending (m) (m) (m) (ha) (ha) 26+960 26+980 20 5 1.25 0.010 0.003 28+700 29+280 580 4.5 1.75 0.261 0.102 29+320 30+140 820 5 1.25 0.410 0.103 Sub-total 5,135 2.495 0.715 2+590 2+695 105 5.5 0.75 0.058 0.008 2+807 2+870 63 5.5 0.75 0.035 0.005 3+000 3+500 500 6 0.25 0.300 0.013 4+890 4+900 10 6 0.25 0.006 0.000 8+000 8+100 100 4.5 1.75 0.045 0.018 9+800 9+810 10 4.5 1.75 0.005 0.002 10+200 10+550 350 4.5 1.75 0.158 0.061 13+300 13+720 420 4 2.25 0.168 0.095 Settlement 13+905 13+980 75 4 2.25 0.030 0.017 14+790 14+800 10 4 2.25 0.004 0.002 15+090 15+165 75 4 2.25 0.030 0.017 16+000 16+500 500 4 2.25 0.200 0.113 19+100 19+280 180 5.5 0.75 0.099 0.014 19+290 20+180 890 5.5 0.75 0.490 0.067 27+207 27+225 18 5.5 0.75 0.010 0.001 28+190 28+220 30 5.5 0.75 0.017 0.002 Sub-total 3,336 1.652 0.433 Total 30,575 14.848 4.262 (Source: Field survey, 2016) 4.1.3 Climate and Hydrology 61. Climate is dominated by topographical variations. The sub-project has tropical climatic condition with average temperature of 35°C during summer and average minimum of 3°C during winter. The average annual rain fall of the district is 1,600 mm. The road crosses one small stream Hudi khola at various chainage (Ch 12+735, 13+010, 13+720, 14+220, and 14+750).

4.1.4 Landslide and Erosion Prone Area 62. Though most of the road passes through hill area, there are no significant problems of active landslides except at the (chainage 3+900-3+950 and 21+680-21+730) is landslide prone area.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 25 4.1.5 Air, Noise and Water Quality Ambient Air Quality 63. This is existing road however air quality observed is normal as no heavy vehicle runs in this road.

Noise 64. The proposed area does not have any sources of significant noise pollution.

Water Quality 65. Water quality in the road section is observed to be good since it is used for drinking purpose and there is no biotic interference. There is no defecation problem observed near and around the drinking water sources. However, during the monsoon season the quality of water may be polluted due to the accumulation of silt.

4.2 Biological Environment 4.2.1 Vegetation and Forest 66. The project area is dominated by trees characteristic of Tropical Forest like Saal (Shorea robusta), at lower elevations and Sub-tropical Broadleaved Forest like Chilaune (Schima wallichii) and Katush (Castanopsis indica) at higher elevations. Additionally, there are representations of Sub-tropical Khote Salla (Pinus roxburghii) Forest and Uttis (Alnus nepalensis) Forest.

67. Species namely, Saal (Shorea robusta), Katus (Castanopsis indica), Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Uttis (Alnus nepalensis), Salla (Pinus roxburghii) are the dominated species found in the road side. Titepati (Artemisia spp), Tejpat (Cinnamonum tamala), Timur (Zanthoxylum armatum), Amala (Phyllanthus emblica) etc are NTFP reported along the forests of the proposed road. The road passes through national forest (NF) and community forest (CF). The details of the national and community forests are given in Table 10.

68. Dumsi (Hystrix indica), Deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Banbiralo (Felis chaus), Shyal (Canis aureus), and Badar (Macaca mulatta) are the mammals found along road corridor. Birds like Kalij (Lophura leucomelanos), Dhukur (Sterptopelia senegalensis) etc are found in the project area. Fishes found in the river along the proposed road alignment corridor are Katle Machha (Accrocheilus spp), Kabre (Pseudecherieis serracula) etc.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 26 Table 10: Forest along Road Chainage Total area HH Mammals Birds Name of Forest, Affected Main Species of forest No. Found along the Found along Address From To Length (m) (ha) C.F C.F 77 327 Deer (Muntiacus Kalij (Lophura Amdanda CFUG, then 0+230 1+000 770 Saal (Shorea robusta) muntjak), Badar leucomelanos) Palungtar municipality-7 (Macaca mulatta) Saal 35 40 Deer (Muntiacus Luinche (Gallus Sisneri CFUG(no need (Shorea robusta), muntjak), Shyal gallus) to cut trees) then 3+500 4+255 755 Chilaune (Schima (Canis aureus) Palungtar municipality-4 wallichii), 9.56 210 Malshapro (Martef Luinche (Gallus Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Andheripakha CFUG flabigula), Banbiralo gallus) 12+550 13+180 630 Katus (Castanopsis (then Harmi VDC-3) (Felis chaus), Shyal indica), (Canis aureus) 75.2 94 Lokharke (Ratufa Luinche (Gallus Chilaune (Schima wallichii), indica) gallus) Tarkedanda CFUG (then Katus (Castanopsis 16+500 17+660 1,160 Deer (Muntiacus Chhoprak VDC-2) indica),Salla (Pinus muntjak), Badar roxburghii) (Macaca mulatta) 10+630 10+870 Deer (Muntiacus Kalij (Lophura 18+840 18+870 muntjak), Malshapro leucomelanos) 19+280 19+290 (Martef flabigula), Luinche National forest 20+180 20+340 Chilaune Badar (Macaca (Palingtar Municipality- 20+840 20+860 (Schima wallichii), mulatta) 13, Chhoprak-1 1,760 21+860 21+900 Uttis - - Thalajung-1,7 and 9 21+910 21+920 (Alnus nepalensis) Jaubari-5 22+300 22+310 24+430 24+440 25+100 25+370

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 27 Chainage Total area HH Mammals Birds Name of Forest, Affected Main Species of forest No. Found along the Found along Address From To Length (m) (ha) C.F C.F 26+960 26+980 28+700 29+280 29+320 29+440 29+580 29+820

Total 5,075

(Source: Field survey, 2016)

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 28 4.2.2 Protected Flora and Fauna 69. The protected fauna found in the forest along road corridor area given in Table 11.

Table 11: List of Protected Flora and Fauna Found along the Project Area

Local Scientific Remarks SN Name Name IUCN 2008 CITES Code GoN Badar Macaca NT Appendix II4 1 mulatta 2 Dumsi Hystrix indica LC Kalij Lophura LC 3 leucomelanos Deer Muntiacus LC 4 muntjak 5 Banbiralo Felis chaus LC II 6 Luinche Gallus gallus LC 7 Shyal Canis aureus LC 8 Sal Shorea Banned for felling, robusta transporatation and export for commercial purpose. Note: NT= Near Threatened, LC = Least Concern, (Source: Field survey, 2016 )

4.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment a. District Context 70. The proposed road lies in Gorkha district. According to CBS 2011, total 271,061 people in 66,506 household. Among them, 121,041 are male and 150,020 are female. The average household size is 4.08 and population density is 75. Among the 66,506 HH, few household were absentee and therefore CBS had interviewed 66,458 HH only. Out of 66,458 HH, 41,743 use water from pipeline, 18,640 from spout, few (20 HH) have tube well facility and remaining household depends on other source of water. In term of energy for cooking, 56,049 HH use firewood, 7,214 use LP gas, only 20 HH use cow dung and remaining household use kerosene, electricity etc. Most of the household (56,049) use electricity for lightning, followed by 11,131 HH using kerosene (2,890) and few household have solar panel also. 17,916 HH had not constructed toilet, remaing HH have toilet with/without flush system. b. Indirectly Impact Area 71. Road passes through the Palungtar Municipality, Ajirkot and Siranchowk Rural Municipality with 6,891 HH and 26,856 populations. Among them 11,824 are male and 15,082 are female. (Please refer Table 12 for detail).

4 Species not yet threatened, but which could become endangered if trade is not controlled

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 29 Table 12: Population and Ethnicity in Indirectly Impact Area

Then VDC/ Restructured Total Population Caste/Ethnic Municipality RM/Municipality HHs Male Female Total Distribution Palungtar Palungtar Municipality 2,108 3,460 4,683 8,143 Chhetri/Sanyasi Municipality Ajirkot Rural Brahmin/Gurung/ Hansapur VDC 924 1,640 2,018 3,658 Municipality Newar Ajirkot Rural Gurung/Chhetri/ Thalajung VDC 681 1,240 1,485 2,725 Municipality dalit Ajirkot Rural Brahmin,Chhetri/ Harmi VDC 907 1,488 1,962 3,450 Municipality Dalit/Gharti Ajirkot Rural Brahmin,Chhetri/ Chhoprak VDC 1,531 2,608 3,285 5,893 Municipality Dalit Siranchowk Rural Gurung, Jaubari VDC 740 1,388 1,649 2,987 Municipality Brahmin,Tamang Total 6,891 11,824 15,082 26,856 (Source: CBS 2011)

72. According to CBS 2011, In Palungtar Municipality, HH size is 3.86. For drinking water purpose 1,029 uses waterpipe. For cooking purpose, 1,490 HH uses firewood, 7 HH uses kerosene, 393 HH uses LP gas and 210 HH uses Bio-gas. For lightning purpose, 1,926 HH uses electricity, 175 HH uses kerosene. 333 HH don’t have toilet facility, 1,213 HH have flush toilet and 558 HH have ordinary toilet. In Hansapur VDC, HH size is 3.96. For drinking water purpose 712 uses waterpipe. For cooking purpose, 852 HH uses firewood, 24 HH uses kerosene, 43 HH uses LP gas and 1 HH uses Bio-gas. For lightning purpose, 452 HH uses electricity, 418 HH uses kerosene and 51 HH uses solar. 156 HH don’t have toilet facility, 317 HH have flush toilet and 448 HH have ordinary toilet. In Thalajung VDC, HH size is 4.00. For drinking water purpose 672 uses waterpipe. For cooking purpose, 667 HH uses firewood, 10 HH uses LP gas and 4 HH uses Bio-gas. For lightning purpose, 631 HH uses electricity, 48 HH uses kerosene and 2 HH uses solar. 158 HH don’t have toilet facility, 224 HH have flush toilet and 229 HH have ordinary toilet. In Harmi VDC, HH size is 3.80. For drinking water purpose 534 uses waterpipe. For cooking purpose, 763 HH uses firewood, 1 HH uses kerosene, 21 HH uses LP gas and 119 HH uses Bio-gas. For lightning purpose, 800 HH uses electricity, 103 HH uses kerosene and 2 HH uses solar. 192 HH don’t have toilet facility, 415 HH have flush toilet and 446 HH have ordinary toilet. Detail is given in the Table 13 beolw.

Table 13: Other Fcilities along the then Municipality and VDCs

Then HH Drinking Cooking Lightning Toilet Municipality/ size Water VDC Waterpipe Kerosene Fire LP Bio- Electricity Kerosene Solar None Flush Ordi wood gas gas nary Palungtar 3.86 1,029 7 1,490 393 210 1,926 175 0 333 1213 558 Municipality Hansapur VDC 3.96 712 24 852 43 1 452 418 51 156 317 448 Thalajung VDC 4.00 672 0 667 10 4 631 48 2 158 224 299 Harmi VDC 3.80 534 1 763 21 119 800 103 2 192 415 298

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 30 Then HH Drinking Cooking Lightning Toilet Municipality/ size Water VDC Waterpipe Kerosene Fire LP Bio- Electricity Kerosene Solar None Flush Ordi wood gas gas nary Chhoprak VDC 3.85 1,034 4 1,251 4 201 1,295 221 3 430 643 446 Jaubari VDC 4.04 639 2 700 26 119 469 195 63 208 259 270 (Source: CBS, 2011)

c. Zone of influence 4.3.1 Population Distribution, Caste/Ethnicity and Occupation 73. There are 15 major settlements along the road. The proposed road passes through Palungtar municipality, Siranchok RM (then Thalajung, Harmi, Chhoprak, Jaubari VDCs), Ajirkot RM (then Hanspur VDC) with the total population of 3,810 persons with 47.56% of male and 52.44% of female distributed in 734 Household (HHs) as shown in table 14 below. Newar, Brahmin, Chhetri, Gurung live within all the settlements of the proposed sub-project.

Table 14: Distribution of Population with Household along the ZoI

Municipality or RM Population Total Caste/Ethnic Settlement (then VDC/municipality HHs Male Female Total Distribution &Ward) Ajirkot RM-3 (then Brahmin, Chhetri, Bhachek Bazar 125 319 331 650 Hansapur VDC- 1) Gurung Siranchok RM -8 (then Brahmin, Chhetri, Balekhu 55 135 165 300 Jaubari-1) Newar, Tamang, Dalit Siranchok RM -8 (then Brahmin, Chhetri, Dharapani 30 130 150 180 Jaubari-5) Gurung, Dalit Siranchok RM -1 (then Brahmin, Chhetri, Chisapani 45 118 122 240 Kerabari-1) Gurung Siranchok RM -8 (then Brahmin, Chhetri, Chipleti 28 70 80 150 Jaubari-4,5) Gurung, Tamang Siranchok RM -2 (then Brahmin, Chhetri, Chilaune 32 125 135 160 Thalajung-9) Gurung Siranchok RM -2 (then Brahmin, Chhetri, Thalajung 47 115 125 240 Thalajung-7) Gurung, Dalit Siranchok RM -5 (then Brahmin, Chhetri, Tallopam 42 100 110 210 Choprak-1) Gurung, Dalit Siranchok RM -5 (then Brahmin, Chhetri, Chittapokhari 60 135 165 300 Choprak-1) Gurung, Dalit Siranchok RM -5 (then Brahmin, Chhetri, Bhalumare 50 120 130 250 Choprak-1,2) Gurung, Dalit Siranchok RM -5 (then Brahmin, Chhetri, Thumki Gaun 40 90 110 200 Choprak-2) Gurung Thaneswor Harmi-9 35 85 95 180 Brahmin Chhetri, Dalit Harmi Siranchok RM -3 (then Brahmin, Chhetri, 40 95 105 200 Bhanjyang Harmi-1,3,8) Gurung, Dalit Palungtar Municipality-2 Brahmin, Chhetri, Aappipal 50 125 125 250 (then Palungtar Gurung, Dalit

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 31 Municipality or RM Population Total Caste/Ethnic Settlement (then VDC/municipality HHs Male Female Total Distribution &Ward) municipality-13) Palungtar Municipality-4 Brahmin, Chhetri, Baddanda (then Palungtar 55 155 145 300 Gurung municipality-8) Total 734 1812 1998 3,810 Percentage 47.56 52.44 (Source: Field Survey, 2016)

4.3.2 Detail of Population Status of ZoI

74. 75.89% of the households are Agriculture & 100 involved in agriculture and livestock5 Livestock 90 Labour & Porter (please refer Figure 5). 26.02% 80 75.89 households are engaged in labour work. 70 Business / About 24.93% households are engaged in 60 Commerce Cottage Industry business and commerce. 3.41% of 50 40 households are involved as GO/NGO percentage 30 26.02 24.93 GO / NGO Employees employees whereas very less 0.27% is 20 engaged in cottage industries. Details are 10 0.27 3.41 shown in Appendix Xa. 0 Occupation

(Source: Field survey, 2016) Figure 5: Percentage of HHs with Occupation Local Economy 75. The economy of the area is predominantly agriculture based. Business and commerce have a less scope in this place. With growing closeness of the project area with market centre and district headquarters, farming as well as market linkage of cattle, goat, fruits and aalainchi for a commercial manner seems to gain momentum in presence of transportation facility.

Migration Pattern 76. Overall about 80 households (out of 734 households) migrate in various parts of Nepal especially Kathmandu, Gorkha and Lamjung seeking for wage and labour works for more than 6 months. Details of migration pattern according to the settlements are shown in Appendix Xb.

Farming Pattern 77. Crops that are cultivated in the project area are maize, rice, wheat and millet, phapar etc. Major cash crops grown are aalainchi, potato, vegetables, mustard oil seeds, beans, fruits etc. Details of farming pattern of the people according to the settlements are shown in Appendix Xc.

5From the graph it shows that the agriculture and livestock is primary occupation for all the people living in road corridor and they have secondary occupation as well.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 32 Livestock 78. Cows, buffaloes, goat, poultry and pig are main livestock reared along the ZoI of the road. . Details of livestock rearing pattern of the people according to the settlements are shown in Appendix Xc.

Industry, Trade and Commerce 79. Many People were found to be engaged in hotel/lodges grocery, tea shop and restaurant. The area has potentiality of potato, vegetables, beans and the livestock rearing such as cow, goat, and poultry. The major items that are exported from project area are potato aalainchi, beans etc. Goods of daily commodities are major imports in the project area, which includes salt, sugar, packed food items, spices, clothes and other items of daily uses. Average travel time ranges from 10 minutes to 8 hours to reach the settlement from the road head by walking and 5 minutes to 3 hour by vehicles. Average transportation cost by porter is from NRs. 4-6/Kg and by vehicles is NRs. 2-4/Kg.

Business Facilities 80. There are about 73 restaurants and tea shops along the road corridor with 22 grocery shops and 28 hotels and lodges. Details about business and commerce according to the settlements are shown in Appendix Xd.

Public Services and Infrastructures 81. There are various social sector facilities and infrastructure in different settlements. There are 5 health post (1 each in Bhachek, Chisapani, Tallopam, Bhalumare, and Thaneswor).4 veterinary services (1 each in Bhachek bazaar, Chipleti, Chittapokhari and Harmi Bhanjyang). Details about public services and infrastructures according to the settlements are shown in Appendix Xe.

Communication and Electricity 82. All of the households of settlements have electricity from national grid line and some of the houses have solar system too. Almost all households use mobile for communication purpose.

Education, Health 83. There are 4 high schools, 3 primary Schools and only 4 campuses in the settlements of project ZoI. This shows that there is lack of campuses for higher education.

84. There are 5 health posts in Bhachek, Chisapani, Tallopam, Bhalumare and Thaneswor and 4 veterinary services Bhachek, Chipleti, Chittapokhari and Harmi Bhanjyang.

Water Supply and Sanitation 85. People are dependent on Gravity flow scheme, spring and dug well for drinking water. All the settlements except Lama Tol depend on the spring and dug wells. Details about business and commerce according to the settlements are shown in Appendix Xf

86. All the households have toilet facility in all the settlements within ZoI. About 710 houses have permanent toilet and only 24 households have temporary toilet which shows that the area is healthy because there is no open toilet.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 33 Irrigation 87. Irrigation facility is available for less than one-third of the land. Farmers depend on rain water for irrigation during summer season.

Other Infrastructure 88. 22 community centers and 16 community organizations and 5 play grounds 5 Ghats 7 hatiya bazaars as others infrastructures.

Community Development Facilities 89. There are 16 community organizations found in all settlements. These are CFUGs, agricultural groups, mother’s group and youth clubs etc.

Land Holding pattern 90. The Figure 6 shows the landholding 0.14 pattern within the ZoI of the road sub- project. It shows that majority of households 15.67 51.50% have land between 10-20 ropani. 33.38 Landless About one third households (33.38%) have less than 10 ropani of land. 15.67% of the <10 ropani households have land more than 10 ropani. 10 to 20 However, 0.14% of households are landless. ropani 51.50 For details refer Appendix Xe. >20 ropani

(Source: Field survey, 2016) Figure 6: Land Holding Pattern of Settlements along the Road Corridor Food Security 91. The Figure 7 below shows the Surplus for number of households belonging to more than 1 15.60% year different food security category. More Sufficient for 9 than quarter of the households 33.24% months to 1 (30.53%) have enough food for more year than 9 months. Similarly one fifth of the Sufficient for 3- households (20.62%) have food 30.53% 9 months sufficiency for three to nine months. Sufficient for 33.34% of the total household have 20.62% food sufficient for less than 3 months. less than 3 months Where 15.60% of the total household have food sufficient for more than one year. For details refer Appendix Xf.

(Source: Field survey, 2016) Figure 7: Number of Households Belonging to Different Food Security Category

Potential Area for Development 92. Most of the settlements are potential for cash crops, agriculture and livestock rearing. There is potentiality for tourism development. For details refer Appendix Xg.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 34 Scope of Proposed Linkage 93. People from all the settlements will be directly benefited through development in agriculture, education, health, food security sector. For details refer Appendix Xh.

Religious, Cultural and Historical Sites 94. Religious, cultural and aesthetic site within the ZoI are mentioned in the table 15 below. However, these sites are not affected by the construction of the road.

Table 15: Religious, Cultural and Historical Sites

Location Settlement Resource From Description Road Religious place Ajirkot 25 min Completely destroyed by earthquake Bhachek 20 min Bhachek Sirandanda 2 min View purpose Bazaar Nagpokhari 7 min festivals like dashain, jestha purnima but Market area 10-20 min unmanaged due to unavailable of road access Tallopam Khadkadevi 10 min Festivals like dashain and tihar Kalika Temple 20 in Not well developed Chitrepokhari Barahachetra 30 min Not developed due to lack of road access Thumki Gaun Bandevi 10 min For the protection of wild animals Thaneshwora Thani 2 min Religious value Shiva temple 15 min Religious belief of fulfillment of the wish Aappipal Lilikot 30 min View purpose Baddanda Natheshowri 20 min Religious value

4.3.3 Socio-economic Profile of the Project Affected Households: 95. A detailed socio-economic survey was conducted to investigate affected households status. The affected families were included only within the chainage of 0+000 to 30+575. The detail is given in the Table16 below:

Table 16: Summary of Affected Households by the Sub-project

S.N. Variable Count 1 Total affected households 342 2 Interviewed HHs 204 3 Non-Interviewed HHs 138 4 Female headed HHs 9 5 Dalit HHs 35 6 Janajati HHs 78 7 Newar HHs 24 8. Brahmin/Chhetri HHs 67 (Source: households Survey, February, 2017, RP)

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 35 4.3.4 Status due to Earthquake: 96. Most rural homes badly damaged and people are forced to live in tents. 91% of houses destroyed, 318 human casualties, and 548 of 594 government schools are destroyed (as reported in District-wise summary record). Most of the houses of ZoI are damaged by the earthquake. The devastating earthquake mostly destroyed the physical properties rather than human beings. Please refer Figure 8 for earthquake affected districts.

Figure 8: Earthquake Affected District

Summary of the Earthquake in Gorkha District

97. On 25 April 2015, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck Nepal with its epicenter in Gorkha District, approximately 81 km North West of the country capital, Kathmandu. Another earthquake of magnitude 7.3 followed on 12 May 2015 in . REACH, through its partnership with the Global Shelter Cluster, was deployed to Nepal to facilitate the development of a comprehensive shelter and settlements recovery strategy for the Nepal Shelter Cluster, and establish a baseline for analysis of the recovery process. The data presented in this factsheet is the result of a stratified, random survey of 122 households, including those with damaged and non-damaged shelters. Findings can be generalized at district level with a 95% level of confidence and a 10% margin of error.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 36 Housing Damages in Gorkha:

98. It was reported that 98% of the households were reported to be damaged by the earthquake (please refer Figure 9 and 10).

Figure 9: Housing Damage due to Earthquake

Figure 10: Source of Drinking Water Damage due to Earthquake

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 37 5 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Benefit Augmentation/Mitigation Measures

99. The identification and assessment of impacts has been carried out by considering the proposed proposal activities examined in terms of the construction and operation stage. Several such impacts have been identified based on site observation, field survey and information obtained from the stakeholders, with a few being identified on value judgment. The impact of the activities will be on physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural resources within the ZoI. Impacts from the road sub project can be both beneficial as well as adverse. Most of the identified impacts have been quantified as far as possible.

100. Mitigation refers to the measures that are designed to cope with adverse consequences and to enhance the positive impacts on the environment as a result of the Sub-project implementation. An effective implementation of benefit maximization measures and adverse impacts mitigation measures would optimize the benefits expected from the Sub-project and avoid/minimize the adverse impact. The impacts have been predicted in terms of their magnitude (minor, moderate and high), extent (site specific, local and regional) and duration (short, medium and long term) and appropriate benefit enhancement and mitigation measures are suggested as follows:

5.1 Mitigation Measures during Pre-construction Phase 101. The mitigation measures adopted during design or pre-construction phases are preventive in nature and have two basic objectives: a. Avoiding costly mitigation measures, and b. Increasing awareness among the stakeholders for environmental management of road construction and operation.

5.1.1 Detailed Survey and Design 102. The road design has followed the rural road standards developed by DoLIDAR. The works will be executed through National Competitive Bidding (NCB) package by the contractors. Bio-engineering techniques will be applied for stabilization of slopes, which is sustainable, environmental friendly and can be done by using local resources and manpower. To improve the transport services for the people living along the road and link local areas with the main market, acquisition of land would be required.

103. Relevant issues raised during public consultation have been addressed under respective mitigation measures. Therefore, no separate mitigation measures are warranted for the concerns raised by the local people.

5.2 Beneficial Impacts and Benefit Augmentation Measures 5.2.1 Construction Phase Employment Generation and Increase in Income 104. One of the major direct beneficial impacts of the road during the construction stage is the creation of employment opportunities for the external people which business creates opportunity for the local people. The road construction will create 33,442 person days skilled and 120,256 unskilled person days jobs. Employment generation for the local people will

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 38 minimize seasonal migration to other parts of the country, as well as to foreign countries. There will be positive impacts in other economic activities in a chained manner creating other income generating activities. This is one of the direct and significant impacts of the projects but it is of short-term and local in nature. At least one-fifth Involvement of women, Dalit and ethnic minority people will be done.

105. Following benefit augmentation measures will be implemented:

 Uplifting the socioeconomic condition of the affected people through the life skill training  Awareness programme for the locals.

Awareness Enhancement 106. Although many people in the project area are unskilled at present, the construction of road is likely to enhance awareness about Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) Sexual/gender based violence prevention campaign. This will prevent the STDs and social abuses. The knowledge acquired from the project during construction will enhance awareness. This impact is indirect, medium, local and long-term in nature.

Enterprise Development and Business Promotion 107. During the construction period, different types of commercial activities will come into operation in order to meet the demand of workers. Since they will have good purchasing power, they will regularly demand for different types of food, beverage and other daily necessary items. To meet these demands, many local and outside people may operate a number of small shops and restaurants around the vicinity of the construction sites. Various farm based enterprises, including a wide range of agricultural and livestock products, will also gain momentum as a result of increased demand by labours during construction. This will increase local trade and business in the area during construction period. The impact is also direct, low, local and short term in nature.

Rent from Land Acquired Temporarily during Construction 108. During the construction period there is a need to acquire private land temporarily in order to set up campsite, stockpile the construction materials, etc. Thus, the local people whose land has been acquired for such purposes will be provided with the rent of his land. This will ultimately enhance his income and serve positively to upgrade the economic status of his family. However, this positive impact will be of low magnitude, short term and site specific in nature.

Women Empowerment 109. All the people will be benefited from the road construction. However, women may be benefited more from improved access to the market centers and various service providing agencies like health centers, banks, training institutions, women development office etc. 20% of women participation is provided in labor work bio-engineering and plantation activities during the construction of road. Frequency of visit to such agencies will increase awareness level and empower them. The project will have indirect, significant, local and long-term impact.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 39 5.2.2 Operation Phase Improvement in Accessibility and Saving of Time and Transportation Cost 110. After the completion of road will enhance the easy access of people to social services, and quick transportation of goods and business. Travelling time will be reduced by half and the cost of transportation will be cheaper by around two times. This is the direct, regional impacts and will have long-term benefits. Regular maintenance of the road will be done by the DCC/DTO.

Access to Inputs and Services 111. Once the road project is completed, the people living within the road corridor will have easy access to cities and markets. This will enhance the transaction of goods and access to social services. Access to input and services will increase, which will be cheaper due to transportation facility. This is the direct, most significant, regional and will have long term benefits.

Increase in Trade, Commerce and Development of Market centers 112. There is a possibility of increased economic opportunities and significant growth and extension of the minor local markets along the road. The farmers will be more interested to increase agricultural production due to market accessibility. Similarly, there will be diversification in occupational pattern of local people, who are till now mainly dependent on subsistence farming. This will lessen pressure on local natural resources. There will be many employment opportunities for the growing rural population especially for occupational caste groups due to extension of market center and development of small towns. The commercial product i.e. aalainchi will increase and the cash crops will get high priority for market linkage. The project will have indirect, long term, local and high benefits.

Appreciation of Land Value 113. Construction of the road leads to appreciation of land values, particularly near the market and settlement areas. It is expected that land price will increase by two times due to the construction of the road. The impact is indirect, high, local and long term in nature. The local people will be made aware of the fact that high value land is easily acceptable to the banks and microfinance institutions as a guarantee to provide loans. Local people can start their own business by mortgaging their land.

114. Due to easy and cheaper availability of agricultural inputs and technologies, productivity will be increased along the road. Vegetables, fruits, cash crops, sale of farm, fruit and livestock products will be increased in almost all the settlements along the road corridor. This is the indirect, high, local and long term in nature.

5.3 Adverse Impacts and Mitigation Measures 5.3.1 Construction Phase Physical Aspects

Change in Land Use 115. The land acquired for the implementation of the project can undergo a long-term permanent change in the land use. The existing land use pattern is 9.12 ha Agriculture land, 2.49 ha Forest, 1.6 ha Settlement area and 1.580 ha barren land. Changes of land use due to the construction of road are mainly conversion of 2.707 ha Agricultural land, 0.715 ha

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 40 Forest area, 0.433 ha settlement area and 0.40 ha Barren land will be converted in to the built up area of road changing the total 19.10 ha land. Similarly, there will be some change in land use due to expansion of road side settlements. The impact from changes in land use will be high, direct, local and long term in nature.

116. There will be no mitigation measures for the permanent loss of agricultural, forest land. However, following mitigation measures will be adopted to compensate the loss of land into built up area:

. Improving agricultural extension services to compensate for loss of production. . Applying additional protective measures that the remaining land will not be lost due to erosion. . Roadside plantation of trees will be done to increase greenery in the area. . During re-vegetation, local species identified during the survey will be used. . The spoil site will be stabilized with bio-engineering.

Hazards due to Spoil Disposal 117. Fresh cuts also invite landslides and erosion, particularly during monsoon. The common likely problems from inappropriate disposal of spoils are: gully and erosion of spoil tips especially when combined with unmanaged surface water runoff, damage to farm lands, and destruction of vegetation, crops and property at downhill. The impact from spoil disposal will be direct, medium, site specific and long term in nature.

118. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:

. Adopting cut and fill balance. . Wherever possible, surplus spoil will be used to fill eroded gullies, quarries and depressed areas etc. . Top soil will be stored and utilized in farm land. . Remaining excess spoils will be disposed in specified tipping sites in a controlled manner and the tipping sites will be covered by vegetation through bio-engineering techniques after surplus material is tipped. . Spoils will not be disposed on fragile slopes, farmland, marshy land, forest areas, natural drainage path, canals and other infrastructures. . After the disposal, the site will be provided with proper drainage, vegetation and adequate protection against erosion. . Necessary toe walls and retaining walls will be provided to protect the disposal of soil.

119. Retaining walls are structures designed to restrain soil to unnatural slopes. They are used to bound soils between two different elevations often in areas of terrain possessing undesirable slopes or in areas where the landscape needs to be shaped severely and engineered for more specific purposes like hillside farming or roadway overpasses. Adopted guidelines for retaining structures are as per DOR. In this project, the types of retaining structures are Gabion retaining wall, stone masonry retaining wall, Stone masonry Breast Wall and Stone Masonry Revetment Wall.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 41 120. Spoil disposal management plan will be prepared for the proper disposal of spoils. Proposed spoil disposal sites are at 5 places at the chainage of 3+500, 15+300, 23+250, 26+300 and 28+500. Suitable materials obtained from excavation will be used for embankment filling, and backfilling of structures. Despite this, the surplus excavated materials obtained will be disposed at construction site as required. Wherever possible, the surplus spoil will be used to fill eroded gullies, quarries and depressed areas. Dry stone toe walls are required in some locations for disposal of spoils.

Slope Instability and Soil Erosion 121. Removal of vegetation and open cuts with soil exposed to rain will cause soil erosion as well as landslides. The stability of slopes along the road corridor depends upon slope angle, the material constituting the slope, rock discontinuities and hydrological conditions. The likely impact of slope instability and soil erosion is indirect, medium, site specific and long term in nature. Slope instability and soil erosion prone areas are seen from chainage 3+900-3+950 and 21+680-21+720. Supply and construction of gabion/check/toe wall will be done for slope protection and dry stone check/toe wall for segmentation and support the slope. Other construction materials such as GI wire, cement, reinforcement, hume pipes will be procured from Gorkha Bazar, which about 20 km far from the starting point of proposed road.

122. Disposal site proposed for the area are at various chainage 1+140, 17+400, 22+000 and 27+700.

123. Retaining wall will be built to protect slopes from landslide and bioengineering will be adopted for stabilizing them. Following mitigation measures will be adopted during the construction of the road and the cost has been included in the Sub-project cost:

 Ensuring minimum cut slope  Selecting cut and fill slope at the correct angle, depending upon the soil type  Re-vegetation of cut and fill slope or exposed areas as soon as possible, by using native plant species  Adoption of bio-engineering techniques  Ensuring minimum damage of vegetation during construction  No construction work during rainy season  Mass balancing in cut and fill volume  Use of check dams and toe walls before disposing spoils on hill slopes

Disruption of Surface Water Flow and Drainage (Drainage and cross drainage works etc.) 124. Roads usually generate large volumes of concentrated surface runoff. The concentrated water from the road outlet causes erosion and landslide eventually affecting the stability of the road. The impact will be indirect, site specific and medium term.

125. In order to address this, following mitigation measures will be under taken:

. Provide adequate and appropriate numbers of drainage structures in order to have minimum interference with and impact on natural drainage pattern of the area, . Avoid surface water discharge into farmland or risky locations,

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 42 . Avoid blockage or diversion of natural channels due to construction of road and disposal of spoils. . Adopt outward road slope as per green road standard to minimize water accumulation

126. Side drain (covered trapezoidal, Open trapezoidal, open cascade and closed cascade) Pipe culvert, irrigation crossing, retaining structures like stone masonry wall, gabion retaining and breast wall as well as earthwork like cutting and filling will be constructed as per required to mitigate the water induced adverse impacts.

Air Dust, Noise and Water Pollution 127. Although the air quality of the project area is not measured, the air does not appear to be polluted. However, during construction of road, there is a strong possibility of dust pollution. The dust emission is likely to be intense along the construction site. This may affect the local people and workers, as well as agricultural crops. Dust may create nuisance to markets, schools and health posts. Impact on air quality will be direct, low, local and short term in nature.

128. The project area at present does not experience high level of noise. However, use of rock breaker, excavator and rollers may cause air dust and noise pollution to the workers and people living in nearby areas. The impact of noise will be direct, low, local and short term in nature.

129. The water quality within the project area is not tested. Nevertheless, quality of water in the water bodies within the project area appears to be fairly good as they are widely used by households for drinking purpose. During construction, water bodies may be polluted by spoil and construction wastes, open defecation in natural streams by construction workers. The impact will be direct, low, local, short term in nature.

130. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:

 Use of face masks by workers to minimize impact from dust generation.  Plantation of tree along the roadside to act as dust barrier.  Use of ear muffles to lessen noise pollution during rock breaking  Avoiding the disposal of excavated materials in or near water bodies.  Construction of toilets in camp sites.

Impact due to Quarrying 131. Rehabilitation and reconstruction of the road requires boulders and other types of construction materials. The extraction of materials from inappropriate places or in excessive amounts can damage the local environment. Quarry sites at the chainage 6+550, 19+800, 21+250 and 27+624. Aggregates will be collected from Daraudi river which is 16 km from starting point and 13 km from Charkate road. Other construction materials such as GI wire, cement, reinforcement, hume pipes will be procured from Gorkha Bazar, which is about 20 km from the starting point of proposed road.

132. The potential adverse impacts of quarrying are accelerated erosion, landslides, disturbance in natural drainage patterns, water logging and water pollution. The likely impact

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 43 from the operation of quarry sites will be direct, low in magnitude, local nature and short term duration.

133. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:

.Quarry operation plan will be prepared. Unstable sites, erosion prone areas, dense forest areas, settlements and fertile farm land will be avoided for quarry operation. .Stones and boulders will be collected from the environmentally suitable and legally recognized quarry sites. .After the extraction is completed, the quarry site will be rehabilitated to suit the local landscape, plantation will be done and drainage will be provided.

Location of Camp Sites 134. Camp is required for the sub-project. However, in contractor package, contactors need to establish camps for the workers if hired from outside. Sitting of camp may cause encroachment of forest, agriculture land, and alteration of drainage, solid waste and waste water problems. Impact will be direct, medium significance, site specific and for short-term.

135. The mitigation measures will be use of local labours; rent local house instead of camp to keep labours; sitting camp away from productive lands and forest areas; pay compensation for using private farm or lands for storage or camp. Toilet, water and other basic facilities will be provided to workers. Waste water and solid waste will be properly managed. Solid wastes generated from labour camp shall be segregated into biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes. Recyclable wastes shall be sold off. Efforts shall be made to compost biodegradable wastes in small size compost pits by the Contractor. Non-biodegradable and non-saleable wastes shall be disposed in a secured and safe location. They shall not be burnt in any case. During this period, labours staying on the camp need to hire LP gas or electricity for cooking purpose.

Crusher Plants 136. Due to the availability of market at near area, all the things will be procured from nearest market center and there will be no impact. If crusher plants have to be established, it should be located away from riverside, schools, colleges, hospitals, security installations, forests, human settlement, and sites. The impact will be direct, high, local and short term.

137. Measures: the Contractor must submit a detail plan on Quarry Site and Crusher Plant before establishing the plan should clearly mention technical specification, baseline data, technical preventive measures to control dust, erosion protection, water pollution prevention and safety measures. The detail plan should also cover re-instatement plan of quarry site as well as operation and restoration plan of crusher plant along with all necessary documents of Agreement with owner, sketches of crusher plant.

Use of Bitumen 138. Impacts: Bitumen is required for black topping which needs heating before using. Contractors tend to use local fuel wood collected from nearby forest to heat bitumen. Spillage of bitumen also damage soil productivity. The impact will be direct, high, local and long term.

139. Measures: The following mitigation measures will be adopted:

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 44  Use kerosene for heating and strict prohibition to heat bitumen by using fuel wood.  Appropriate storage of material.  Use of appropriate safety gears to ensure safe health of workers such as masks, boot, gloves, hat.

Biological Aspects Loss or Degradation of Forest and Vegetation 140. In total 0.715 ha forest will be affected due to this sub-project. 1,244 trees (18 from Amdanda CF, 0 from Sisneri CF, 19 from Andheripakha CF, 546 from Tarkedanda CF with total 583 from all CFs as well as 142 from NF and 519 from private land) need to be cut down. The impact on vegetation/forest resources have been considered to be high in magnitude, site specific in extent and long term in duration whereas loss of other forest resources will be direct, local and long term in magnitude, extent and duration respectively.

141. The following activities are proposed to cut the trees from the forest area during the road construction.

. Forest clearance approval will be obtained from the DFO and MoFSC. . Government procedures such as counting the number of trees to be felled, marking and measuring wood quantity etc. will be followed. . Forest site clearance for construction will be limited to minimum width of road.

142. According to the Government of Nepal (2071/01/12 BS): Standard for Removing Government Trees, 2071 BS , the sub-project has to carry out plantation (with protection for five years) or pay for the plantation and protection cost to the District Forest Office. Total 583 trees need to be cut down from community forest. So, in total 14,575 saplings have to be planted for compensatory plantation with estimated cost of NRs 2,328,211.00 as given in Appendix XIIIa. This cost will be provided to CFUGs through DFO. Location and type of species for the plantation will be selected by the CFUGs/DFO. However, emphasis will be given to local, multiple use, rare, endangered and protected species. The forest products from the forest will be used by CFUGs. For National forest 142 trees should be cut down and the compensation rate is NRs. 567,077.00 as given in Appendix XIIIc Likewise, for the 519 trees to be cut down from the private land, at the ratio of 1:1 trees will be done by the sub- project and plantation cost will be provided by the sub-project. For the plantation, total estimated cost is NRs. 34,383.75 as given in Appendix XIIIb. Computation of per plant plantation cost in private land and compensatory plantation/national forest is given in Appendix XIIId & e. For the compensatory plantation in CF &NF, compensatory plantation cost, sample agreement between DFO and DCC/DTO has been attached in Appendix XIIIf. In total 18,644 saplings, 14,575 in C.F, 519 in Private land and 3,550 in the national forest will be planted in the road corridor Similarly plantation plan has been given in Appendix XIIIg.

Impact on Wildlife and Bird Habitat 143. The proposed area is not a significant habitat for wildlife and bird species. However, the construction of the road may disturb wildlife and bird species present along the road corridor. The movement of labor, use of construction equipment, and noise during construction may affect the home range of the fauna. The impact will be indirect, low, local and short term in nature.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 45

144. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:

. Work only in day time . Prohibit to wildlife harassment and poaching by the workers. . Awareness programme for the construction workers.

Impacts on Flora and Fauna (as listed in CITES and IUCN Red Data Book and Protected by GoN) The proposed area is not significant habitat for wildlife and bird species. However, the construction of road may disturb wildlife and bird species present along the road corridor due to increased noise level. Some protected wild fauna such as Saal (Shorea robusta), Badar (Macaca mulatta), Dumsi (Hystrix indica), Kalij (Lophura leucomelanos), Deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Banbiralo (Felis chaus), Luinche (Gallus gallus), Shyal(Canis aureus), are in IUCN list. The impact will be indirect, low, local and short term in nature.

145. Following mitigation measures will be adopted:

. Workers will be actively prohibited from collecting fuel wood from forest or hunting of birds or animals. . Coordination with DFO to control the activities like illegal hunting and poaching by enforcing acts and regulations strictly. . Emphasis will be given to plant protected species during compensatory plantation.

Socio-economic Aspects Loss or Degradation of Farm Land and Productivity 146. 2.707 Ha agricultural land will be acquired for the sub-project. Moreover, spoil on farm land will also affect the production of agricultural crops. It is clear that the loss of crops from the land acquired by the project will have adverse impact on the financial stability of the affected households who are dependent on the agricultural productivity of their land. The impact is expected to be direct, high in magnitude, local in extent and of long term in duration.

147. Mitigation measures will be as follows:

. Compensation of NRs. 45,310,682.64 has been allocated for loss of land as per separate RP (refer Annex Vc for detail) . Compensation for loss of standing crops and temporary use in agriculture land, . Plantation of trees along the both sides of road to act as dust and noise barrier, . Support in agriculture extension to increase productivity.

Impact on Private properties: 148. From the private structure House and pali at the chainage 10+680, 24 houses at the chainage 2+630, 2+760, 2+768, 2+774, 2+785, 2+830, 2+870, 2+890, 10+700, 10+790, 10+810, 10+810, 10+816, 10+816, 10+821, 10+825, 10+830, 10+831, 10+920, 14+050, 14+190, 15+350, 19+350, 28+590, 6 shed at the chainage 0+020, 0+040, 2+490, 2+610, 2+840, 20+490, 1 toilet at the chainage 2+350, 45 tahara at the chainage 2+390, 2+500, 2+600, 10+625, 10+650, 10+740, 10+745, 10+760, 11+280, 13+690, 13+710, 13+715,

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 46 13+718, 14+280, 14+280, 14+360, 15+260, 15+260, 15+265, 15+300, 15+300, 15+320, 15+510, 15+590, 15+598, 15+770, 15+780, 19+320, 19+360, 19+570, 19+580, 19+625, 19+640, 19+680, 20+505, 28+340, 28+560, 28+570, 28+580, 28+620, 28+630, 28+645, 30+385, 30+400, 30+420 should be removed. Detail is given in Appendix XIV.

149. Compensation of NRs. 4,804,175.44 has been allocated as per the resettlement plan to the affected person for the displacement of houses and other structures (refer Annex Vc for detail).

Impact on Community Infrastructures: 150. From the Public structure 12 Electric pole at the chainage 0+040, 0+090, 0+120, 0+650, 0+700, 0+750, 2+740-2+950(6 in no.), 5+130, 8+160, 10+096, 10+680, 19+680, 19+660, 20+500, Chautara at the chainage 1+350, 1+390, 2+830, 2+950, 3+180, 3+908, 4+340, 18+900, 20+400, 20+740, 20+490 public building at the chainage 10+600, Water tap at the chainage 19+320, 30+415, 1 water tank at the chainage 18+540 and Public school toilet at the chainage 19+280 should be removed. Detail is given in Appendix XIV.

151. For this, following mitigation measures will be adopted:

 Rehabilitation of electric poles and rehabilitation and/or compensation of waiting place will be done in consultation with local community and users as per resettlement plan. NRs. 21,21,764.73 has been allocated (refer Annex Vc for detail).

Occupational Health, Safety and Sanitation 152. This earthen road is proposed to gravel road for the rehabilitation and reconstruction due to the devastating earthquake. Thus, during construction the labor are exposed to different level of risks. The potential impact to health is respiratory and eye diseases due to the exposure on dust, risk of accident during works. The impacts are direct, low, short term and local.

153. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:

. The workers will be provided with helmets, masks, muffles and boots depending on the nature of the construction work. . Drinking water facility and temporary pit latrine will be established to control open defecation and pollution of water bodies by the workers . First aid box will be kept at work sites. . Group accidental insurance will be done for the workers. . First aid training will be provided to field staff. . Labor camp will have room with proper ventilation and natural light, safe drinkable water, mosquito net, sanitary facility, and solid waste management. . Kerosene or gas stoves will be supplied to labor camps and use of firewood will be strictly prohibited.

Cultural invasion and social disputes Inflow of people from around the surrounding area along the RoW of the proposed road alignment during the operation stage will bring drastic differentiation on the local culture. Large number of local people would change their culture and this cultural transformation is

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 47 likely to bring conflict in the community. This impact is indirect, low significance, site specific and medium-term in duration.

5.3.2 Operation Phase Physical Aspects Road Slope Stability and Management 154. There is possibility of slope instability caused by the opening of branch roads connecting village settlement with RM/Municipality/DCC funding. Likewise, inadequate maintenance of the road, blockage of drains and irrigation water may cause slides and slope failure. The impact will be direct, moderate, local and long term in nature.

155. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:

. Rill and gully formations will be regularly monitored and immediately fixed at critical areas. . Repair and maintenance of the slope protection measures and drainage works. . Minor landslide and mass wasting will be immediately cleared and slope restored with appropriate technology (Stone masonry wall/ gabion wall)

Impact due to Air, Noise and Water Pollution 156. During operation period, a number of vehicles will ply along the road and will emit gaseous pollutants. This will increase the pollution level of ambient air along the road corridor. Washing of vehicles in natural streams may cause contamination in drinking water sources. As this road falls under DRCN, the vehicular movement is not expected to be very high, the overall impact of will be direct, low, local and long term.

157. Following mitigation measures will be adopted:

. Community and road user awareness programmes will be organized . Signboards restricting the use of horns will be erected near health posts, schools and settlements. . Plantation will be done near the settlement around school and health post to act as dust and noise barrier. . Vehicle washing in natural streams will be discouraged.

Biological Aspects Depletion of Forest Resource 158. The forest resources depletion may occur due to ineffective drainage works, inappropriate spoil disposal and construction practices. The development of market centers may exert pressure on forest and eventually depleting the forest resources. To meet the increasing needs of the forest products, illegal felling/cutting of poles and trees may occur. Operation of road may increase in timber smuggling due to easy access and easy transportation facilities. The impact will be indirect, moderate, local and long term in nature.

159. The pressure on forest resources during road operation is likely to occur. The mitigation measures recommended are awareness raising programmes to educate local people and providing support to locals for the conservation of forests.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 48 Disturbance to Wildlife and Illegal Hunting 160. Although the wildlife population is reported low, they may be disturbed due to the frequent movement of the vehicles. Vehicular flow, horn blowing in the forest area will have impact on the wildlife and bird species. There may occur illegal hunting during operation period by the people from market areas due to easy accessibility. The impact will be indirect, low, local and long term in nature.

161. Following mitigation measures will be adopted to minimize the above-mentioned impacts:

 Appropriate sign boards will be erected informing drivers about:  Prohibition of blowing horns in the dense forest areas.  Potential areas for wildlife crossing.  Maintenance workers will be briefed regularly about the importance of rules and regulation of DFO in order to make them comply with.  Awareness raising programmes about importance of biodiversity to the local people, students, and vehicle operators will be conducted.

Fragmentation of Ecosystem 162. The road passess through 5,075m length of 4 CF and 1 NF. The road is already in operation stage and proposed for rehabilitation only, with the intervention of project, there will not be ecosystem fragmentation.

163. Therefore, no mitigation measures are proposed.

Socio-economic Aspects Ribbon Settlement Development 164. Increased opportunities for trade and commerce along the roadside will attract people to build shops, restaurants, stalls and hotels and may encroach RoW. The impact will be direct, moderate, local and medium term in nature.

165. The mitigation measures to be adopted include:

. Awareness raising programs to regulate settlements . Signboards will be erected notifying about legal prosecution for encroachment within RoW. . Plantations of trees will be done in the RoW so that it is not encroached

Road Safety Measures 166. Movement of vehicles in the road will invite accidents. Moreover, inadequate provisions of road safety measures like no provisions of signals and lack of enforcement of traffic rules during operation period may invite accidents. The impact will be direct, medium, local and long term in nature.

167. The mitigation measures adopted will be

. Applying appropriate road safety measures with the help of 3-Es i.e. Engineering, Enforcement and Education.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 49 . Required safety signs will be used along the road such as schools, wildlife crossing area. . Awareness program on road safety will be organized for school student

5.4 Climate Change Impacts 168. Climate change is an inevitable fact which needs to be considered for future planning, construction and maintenance of roads located in hilly and mountainous areas. The need to limit deterioration effects from adverse weather conditions (e.g. prolonged precipitation, heat stress, freeze-thaw cycle) and damages consequences in case of extreme events (e.g. embankment failure) is a key factor influencing construction designs Weather contribution to the ordinary wear & tear of infrastructure and weather disaster risks are indeed intrinsic parameters for transport system design. Transport conditions are also highly affected by extreme weather events such as winter storms, ice, and heavy rainfalls.

169. In general, transport can be vulnerable to many different types of weather conditions, of which, some of them could be exacerbated with climate change. Many of them relate to extreme weather conditions (e.g. storms, extreme precipitations, and extreme temperatures) which on their turn may result in severe consequences for the physical environment (e.g. Floods, landslides, soil erosion) and represent risks for transport infrastructures and operations.

170. Based on field survey, the study started with an exhaustive list of potential future impacts for transport (infrastructures/activities), linked to key weather stressors. All modes and components of the transport system (infrastructures, transport fleet, transportation operation and transport users) will, to a certain degree, be affected by extreme weather events. Some of such extreme weather conditions could be exacerbated under future climate change, thus increasing risks for transport and negatively affecting transport performance (safety, reliability, cost efficiency). Only few of the potential consequences could reveal positive (e.g. higher winter temperatures) for more detail refer Table 17 and Appendix II.

Table 17: Types of Climate Change Impacts, Possible consequences for Transport and Insight from Climate Change Scenarios on Regions Affected and Associated Level of Confidence. Climate Overview of Potential Impact Projected Trends and Magnitude impact onTtransport System Increase in frequency, intensity Increase in inter-annual Increased variability and changes in cold and Asphalt rutting summer warm extremes larger and faster Thermal expansion of bridges temperature than overheating of diesel engine the corresponding changes in mean. Increased Reducing constraints for road Winter maintenance,

Temperatures Change construction seasons Increased In summer, the region would Flooding of land transport

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 50 Climate Overview of Potential Impact Projected Trends and Magnitude impact onTtransport System Precipitation experience increased precipitations infrastructures, and amount but decrease rainfall wet pavements and safety risks. flooding days. Trends would be inconsistent. Embankment collapse, Winter seasons: The regions would More frequent landslides and experience less associated risks. precipitation. Damage to infrastructure on roads, pipelines, road signs Extreme Expected extreme wind speeds Disturbance to transport winds electronic infrastructures, signalling, etc.  Temperature and rainfall: Most of the respondents of the zone of influence felt that both summer and winter temperature is increasing remarkably since last decades. People have noticed that the rainfall days are decreased in last 8-10 years, however amount rainfall is IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha almost the same. It means both drought and cloud burst scenarios are increasing nowadays due to erratic rainfall.

Flash floods, as associated with heavy rainfalls (in case of thunderstorms for instance) are expected to become more frequent in this region. There is only one stream named Hudi khola. So, it might affect the road during the rainy season.

Landslides and soil erosion are the consequences of multi-factors, including soil moisture – as influenced by rainfalls intensity, soil types and slopes. Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road lies in the hilly region. So, there is possibility of flood, landslides and soil erosion.

133. Following climate change adaptation measures will be considered during the construction and operation of the road: .Likely local effects of climate change will be assessed through observation and regular monitoring of drainage system, erosion etc. .Adequate and timely maintenance and early warning system will be done. .Awareness raising activities will be conducted about climate change issues and adaptation and mitigation measures. .No tree or vegetation will be removed unless absolutely necessary to reduce deforestation and compensatory plantation will be done to cut carbon per capita emissions

5.5 Cumulative Impact 171. Cumulative impact is the impact caused due to the natural calamity (earthquake) and its aftershocks for a long period. Some of the impact caused by the devastating earthquake and its aftershocks are as follows:

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 51  Landscape patterns  Water quality and quantity  Air quality  Transportation patterns  Noise level  Visual character  Damage houses due to earthquake and construction of road  Expansion of the cracks  Soil erosion

172. There are no other projects which will cause significant impacts in the surrounding of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road sub-project in Gorkha district. However following cumulative impacts may arise due to the construction of this road Sub-project:

Beneficial Impacts 173. There will be increase in number of immigrants, due to various infrastructure facilities such as employment generation during road construction. The availability of the road can enhance the business, market and other infrastructural developments.

174. Construction of road will enhance the access of people by reducing travel time and costs as well as quick transportation of goods. Various farm based enterprises, including a wide range of agricultural and livestock products, will also gain momentum as a result of transportation facilities. Vegetables, fruits, cash crops, sale of farm, fruit and livestock products will be increased in almost all the settlements along the road corridor. Similarly, there will be diversification in occupational pattern of local people, who are till now mainly dependent on subsistence farming. This will lessen pressure on local natural resources.

175. Due to an increase in employment opportunities, trade, business and agricultural income, money will be channelled into the local economy. This will increase income level of the individual household and the local community. It is possible that some money may be spent by the individual for community development activities such as education, school, health and sanitation services.

Adverse Impacts 176. Fresh cuts also invite landslides and erosion, particularly during monsoon. The common likely problems from inappropriate disposal of spoils are gullying and erosion of spoil tips especially when combined with unmanaged surface water runoff, damage to farm lands and crops as well as property at downhill. The concentrated water from the road outlet causes erosion and landslide eventually affecting the stability of the road.

177. This sub-project passes through four community forests. Minimum vegetation loss from the forests during construction of the road will be considered. Increase in vehicular movement will further affect the movements of wildlife. Felling of trees, further change in land use due to potential trading opportunity and increased number of vehicles will lead to high GHGs emission as well as low carbon sequestration. Similarly change in land use might accelerate soil erosion.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 52 178. Loss of private properties, crops and trees from the land acquired by the project will have adverse impact on the financial stability of the affected households. Increased opportunities for trade and commerce along the roadside will attract people to build shops, restaurants, stalls and hotels and may encroach RoW. Movement of vehicles in the road may invite accidents. Also pollution might increase with vehicular movement. The socio – economic aspect might disappear slowly. The aftershock of the devastating earthquake may affect the stability of the road and might collapse the built up road.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 53 6 Analysis of Alternatives 179. Alternative analysis has been considered as an integral part of IEE study, which involves an examination of alternative ways of achieving objectives of the proposed sub- project. The aim of alternative analysis is to reach at a development option, which maximizes the benefits while minimizing the adverse impacts. The various alternatives to achieve the sub-project objectives with minimum environmental degradation are discussed in following sub-sections:

6.1 No Action Alternative 180. This alternative does not allow for the implementation of the Proposal. This alternative has both beneficial and adverse impacts on the environment. If the proposal is not implemented, the transportation time and cost for the local people to the district headquarter and markets and vice versa will continue to remain at present rate and hardship of people will continue. The no action option will conserve some of the environmental adverse impacts at the cost of poverty and in accessibility of the people.

6.2 Proposal Alternatives 181. Then Gorkha DCC has selected Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road sub-project as it provides access to north east part of district.

6.3 Alternative Alignment 182. This is an existing track and the only route to connect Luitel gaun with Bhachek. Therefore, other alternative alignment has not been surveyed.

6.4 Alternative Design and Construction Approach 183. The road sub-project is proposed for construction through NBC approach by using contractor and spoil disposal is balanced with cutting and filling as far as possible. There will be minimum use of excavator, rock breaker, compacter, roller and truck for road construction. Simple dry stone walls, gabion walls and stone causeways are used to the maximum extent possible.

6.5 Alternative Schedule and Process 184. During the rainy season, construction work is stopped to allow the natural compaction of the road. The road construction work will be carried out during the remaining months.

6.6 Alternative Resources 185. The physical resources consumed during the construction of the road will mainly include boulders for gabions and stones for dry stone masonry and gabion walls. The proposed construction will optimally use the local materials.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 54 7 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure 7.1 Public Consultation 186. In order to ensure public involvement, the following procedures were followed during IEE report preparation:

. Publication of notice- a 15 days public notice was published on 2072/12/18 B.S. (31/03/2016 A.D) in Himalaya Times, a national Nepali daily newspaper, (see Appendix VI) seeking written opinion from concerned municipality, then VDCs, then DDC, schools, health posts and related local organizations. A copy of the public notice was also affixed in the above mentioned organizations and a deed of enquiry (muchulka) was collected (see Appendix VII for deed of inquiry). Recommendation letters were also obtained from municipality, then VDCs and CFUGs as given in Appendix VIII.

. The IEE team carried out interactions with local communities and related stakeholders during the field survey to collect public concerns and suggestions. Moreover, focus group discussions were conducted to collect and solicit information regarding the bio-physical, socio-economic and cultural aspects of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek road sub-project. A summary of meeting minutes with local people is given in Table 18, and the meeting minutes are in Appendix IX. . Table 18: Summary of Meeting Minutes

Place for No. of SN Date Public Participants Issues and Decisions of Meeting Meeting Male Female  Road should be 15 from the centre on both side mainly in Bhachek bazaar.  Proper drainage system should be built on both side of the road.  Employment for the local people.  Less environmental pollution.  Drinking water is the major problem so this should be addressed to the concern place and peoples.  Two major temples on the Bhachek 2073/01/05 BS Bhachek bazaar should be preserved during road 1 53 15 2016/04/17 AD Bazar construction.  This is the tourism place so the road should be blacktopped up to the army camp gate also up to Ajirkot as it is tourism place for scenic view.  Road construction will develop the agricultural import and export.  The farmers of this place are involved in the production of cash crops like coffee, aalainchi to uplift their economic condition. So, the construction of the road may help them to

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 55 Place for No. of SN Date Public Participants Issues and Decisions of Meeting Meeting Male Female increase their economic condition.  Road should be wide and sustainable 2073/01/05 BS 2 Balekhu 11 10 and should be built as soon as possible before 2016/04/17 AD rainy season.  Employment for the local people.  Proper drainage system should be built on both side of the road.  Technical support for the development of religious aspect of Himalaya organization for gumba.  Employment for the local people as per 2073/01/06 BS 3 Dharapani 18 14 the qualification and capacity. 2016/04/18 AD  Temporary police station to be converted to permanent with its own building.  For women empowerment there should be skilful training facilities for women.  Proper evaluation & compensation to the affected people.  For women health post facility is required.  Road should be built with proper drainage system.  Proper drainage system should be built 2073/01/06 BS on both side of the road. 4 Chisapani 13 12 2016/04/18 AD  Employment for the local people as per the qualification and capacity.  Proper evaluation & compensation to the affected people.  Proper management for the blacktop road.  Road should be wide and sustainable and should be built as soon as possible before 2073/01/07 BS Chipleti 5 10 16 rainy season. 2016/04/19 AD Bazar  Road width should be equal on both sides from the center of road.  Proper evaluation & compensation to the affected people and the physical structures.  Maintenance and rehabilitation of affected water pipe and electrical pole. 2073/01/07 BS  Employment for the local people as per 6 Chilaune 6 6 2016/04/19 AD the qualification and capacity.  Proper evaluation & compensation to the affected people.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 56 Place for No. of SN Date Public Participants Issues and Decisions of Meeting Meeting Male Female  Road should be wide and blacktopped with proper drainage system.  Road should be built with less turnings and possibly be straight.  Employment for the local people as per 2073/01/08 BS 7 Thalajung 14 9 the qualification and capacity. 2016/04/20 AD  Women employment opportunity should be provided.  There should be development of rural road access to jamune village of then Thalajung VDC.  Road should be wide and blacktopped 2073/01/08 BS with proper drainage system. 8 Tallopam 13 2 2016/04/20 AD  Employment for the local people as per the qualification and capacity  Maintenance and rehabilitation of affected water pipe, and electric poles.  Employment for the local people as per the qualification, skill and capacity.  Road wider than 6.25 m would be better Chitta with proper drainage system on both sides. 2073/01/09 BS 9 pokhari 8 18 Road should be sustainably blacktopped. 2016/04/21AD  Proper cutting of turnings for the development of road.  There should be culvert along with the poly pipes.  Affecting trees for the vehicular movement should be cut down.  Road should be sustainably blacktopped otherwise public health problem will arise.  Employment for the local people as per the qualification, skill and capacity.  Employment opportunities should be 2073/01/09 BS given poor and local peoples. 10 Bhalumare 15 10 2016/04/21AD  CF, temples, monuments, schools, ponds, parks, government office etc. are to be conserved and plantation of medicinal plants and fruits should be done.  There should be mutual co-ordination with CFUGs of Tarkedanda CF. Thumki  Road should be wide and blacktopped 2073/01/10 BS 11 Gaun 10 15 with proper drainage system. 2016/04/22 AD  Proper evaluation & compensation to the

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 57 Place for No. of SN Date Public Participants Issues and Decisions of Meeting Meeting Male Female affected people and the physical structures.  Awareness programme about the importance of road development.  Employment for the local people as per the qualification, skill and capacity with the use of local resources and materials.  Road should be sustainable with proper drainage system.  Proper evaluation & compensation to the affected people as they have less properties.  Employment for the local people as per the qualification, skill and capacity. 2073/01/10 BS Thaneshw 12 10 13  For women empowerment there should 2016/04/22 AD ora be skilful training facilities for women.  Dalit community should be given employment opportunities.  There is scarcity of water and the children are malnutrients so these problems are to be addressed.  Road should be sustainable and should be built as soon as possible.  Employment for the local people as per the qualification, skill and capacity  Physical structures on the road corridor which will be removed during construction 2073/01/05 BS Harmi should be given proper compensation. 13 20 13 2016/04/17 AD Bhanjyang  Dalit community should be provided opportunity of employment for living their life.  Awareness programme about women empowerment and cleanliness should be provided.  Awareness programme about environment cleanliness should be provided.  Physical structures on the road corridor which will be removed during construction should be given proper compensation with 2073/01/11 BS proper evaluation without any argues and 14 Aappipal 17 9 2016/04/23 AD discrimination.  Road should be wide and sustainable and should be built as soon as possible before rainy season 2073/01/11 BS  There should be formation of local 15 Baddanda 32 24 2016/04/23 AD development committee before starting the

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 58 Place for No. of SN Date Public Participants Issues and Decisions of Meeting Meeting Male Female work.  Drainage should be made in proper place.  There should be zebra crossing as per requirement.  Construction of retaining walls on the settlement areas.  Plantation should be done along road corridor.  Proper evaluation & compensation to the affected people.  Awareness about the road safety and preservation of road should be done. (Source: Field survey, 2016)

7.2 Information disclosure 187. A draft IEE report along with the executive summary, identified impacts, recommended mitigation measures and the EMP has been prepared and distributed to the stakeholders and the concerned municipality, then VDCs for public disclosure. The draft IEE report will also be kept in information centre of DCC Gorkha for public disclosure. Information was also disseminated through person to person contacts, interviews and group discussions. The approved IEE report will be accessible to interested parties and the general public through the information centre of Gorkha DCC and websites of EEAP. The following offices will get the approved IEE report:

1. District Coordination Committee, Gorkha 2. District Technical Office, Gorkha 3. Palungtar municipality, Gorkha 4. Then Harmi VDC, Gorkha 5. Then Thalajung VDC, Gorkha 6. Then Choprak VDC, Gorkha 7. Then Harmi Bhanjyang VDC, Gorkha 8. Then Jaubari VDC, Gorkha 9. National Reconstruction Authority 10. Asian Development Bank, Nepal Resident Mission 11. Central Level Project Implementation Unit – Earthquake Emergency Assistance project. 7.3 Consultation with Stakeholder to Implement EMP 188. Consultation with stakeholder is important part for implementing EMP. Consultation with local NGOs, schools, local bodies and local people is important to organize different awareness training, carrying waste management activities, carrying roadside plantation activities. The DSC will support DLPIU in organizing different consultation meeting during/for EMP implementation in coordination with CISC and CLPIU.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 59 8 Grievance Redress Mechanism

189. The objective the grievance redress mechanism (GRM) is to resolve complaints as quickly as possible and at the local level through a process of conciliation; and, if that is not possible, to provide clear and transparent procedures for appeal. A well-defined grievance redress and resolution mechanism will be established to resolve grievances and complaints in a timely and satisfactory manner. All affected persons will be made fully aware of their rights, and the detailed grievance redress procedures will be publicized through an effective public information campaign. The grievance redress process includes four levels:

190. First level of GRM: The first level and most accessible and immediate contact for the fastest resolve of grievances are the contractors, and design and supervision consultants on site. Prior to construction of any works, the CLPIU and DLPIU will ensure local community meetings are held to notify local residents and businesses of any temporary disturbances, and to inform them of the Project. If a local area committee (LAC) exists in the area, they should also be informed. If any complaints arise, the contractors, consultants, and DLPIU can immediately resolve the complaint on site. The CLPIU can also be involved in grievance redress at this stage. The CLPIU and DLPIU office phone number will be posted in public areas within the sub-project areas and construction sites. Any person with a grievance related to the project works can contact the project to file a complaint. The DLPIU offices will have a safeguards focal person to field and resolve complaints. The safeguards (environment and resettlement) focal person will document the complaint, and immediately address and resolve the issue with the contractor within 1-2 days, if the complaint remains unresolved at the field level. The DLPIU may seek the assistance of the consultant safeguards specialists (the environmental specialist or social safeguards specialist) to resolve the issue. The DLPIU safeguards focal person will notify the CLPIU safeguards focal person that a complaint was received, and whether it was resolved. The DLPIU safeguards focal person will fully document the following information: (i) name of the person; (ii) date complaint was received; (iii) nature of complaint; (iv) location, and (v) how the complaint was resolved.

191. Second level of GRM: If the grievance remains unresolved; the DLPIU will forward the complaint to the CLPIU safeguards focal person. The person filing the grievance will be notified by DLPIU safeguards focal person that the grievance was forwarded to the CLPIU safeguards focal person. The CLPIU will address the grievance. Grievances will be resolved through continuous interactions with affected persons, and the CLPIU will answer queries and resolve grievances regarding various issues including environmental or social impacts. Corrective measures will be under taken at the field level by the CLPIU safeguards focal person within 7 days. He/she will fully document the following information: (i) name of the person; (ii) date complaint was received; (iii) nature of complaint; (iv) location and (v) how the complaint was resolved.

192. Third level of GRM: If the grievance remain unresolved, the CLPIU’s project director will activate the third level of the GRM by referring the issue (with written documentation) to a Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) constituted by the EA, which will, based on review of the grievances, address them in consultation with the PMU, CLPIU, DLPIU, and affected persons. The GRC will consist of PMU leadership, affected persons, and local area committee, among others—determined to provide impartial, balanced views on any issues.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 60 The GRC should consist of at least five persons. A hearing will be called with the GRC, if necessary, where the affected person can present his/her concern and issues. The process will promote conflict resolution through mediation. The GRC will meet as necessary when there are grievances to be addressed. The GRC will suggest corrective measures at the field level and assign clear responsibilities for implementing its decision within 15 days. The functions of the GRC are as follows: (i) to provide support to affected persons on problems arising from environmental or social disruption, asset acquisition (where required), and eligibility for entitlements compensation, and assistance; (ii) to record grievances of affected persons, categorize and prioritize them, and provide solutions within 15 days; and (iii) to report to the aggrieved parties developments regarding their grievances and decisions of the GRC. The PMU safeguards focal person will be responsible for processing and placing all papers before the GRC, recording decisions, issuing minutes of the meetings, and taking follow-up action to see that formal orders are issued and the decisions carried out.

193. Fourth level of GRM: In the event that a grievance is not addressed by the contractor, DISC, CLPIU, DLPIU or GRC, the affected person can seek legal redress of the grievance in the appropriate courts, the fourth level of the GRM, which is the formal legal court system. The GRM however does not prevent affected persons from seeking legal redress at any time. The grievance redress mechanism and procedure is depicted in Figure 11 below.

Grievance

First Level: 1-2 days Grievance Contractor, st Redressed 1 Level Grievance DISC, DLPIU

Not redressed 7 days nd CLPIU, CISC Grievance 2 Level Grievance Redressed

Not redressed

Grievance 15 days 3rdLevel Grievance Grievance Redressed Redressed Committee Not redressed

th Higher 4 Level Grievance Authority/Court of Law

Note: CLPIU- Central Level Project Implementation unit, DLPIU- District Level Implementation Unit, DSC- Design and Supervision Consultant, CISC- Central Implementation Support Consultant, DISC- District Implementation Support Consultant Figure 11: Flow Diagram for Grievance Redress Mechanism

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 61 194. Safeguard monitoring reports will include the following aspects pertaining to progress on grievances: (i) number of cases registered with the GRC, level of jurisdiction (first, second, and third levels), number of hearings held, decisions made, and the status of pending cases; and (ii) lists of cases in process and already decided upon may be prepared with details such as affected person, date of notice, date of application, date of hearing, decisions, remarks, actions taken to resolve issues, and status of grievance (i.e. open, closed, pending).

195. All costs involved in resolving the complaints (meetings, consultations, communication and reporting / information dissemination) will be borne by the PMU.

196. ADB’s accountability mechanism will also be explained to affected households.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 62 9 Environmental Management Plan 197. The environmental management plan (EMP) is prepared to guide the implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring requirements. It includes institutions and their roles, environmental management activities, environmental management organizational structure and budget for mitigation measures.

9.1 Institutions and Their Roles 198. Different institutions involved in the IEEs and EMP implementation and roles of these institutions are given in Table 19. The environmental management organizational structure is given in Figure 12.

Table 19: Institutions and their Roles

Institution Role Responsibility in the Project National Executive agency and Reconstruction concerned IEE approval Authority authority as per Act relating  To review and approve IEE to reconstruction of Report Earthquake affected  Conduct environmental structure/ Rule relating to monitoring from central level. reconstruction of Earthquake affected structure. MoFALD Co-ordination of project  Representation in IEE review activities with EEAP team constituted by NRA  Conduct environmental monitoring from district level. CLPIU - EEAP Co-ordination of project  Technical Unit to support and activities from center coordinate all activities for implementation of EEAP.  Review, comment and forward ToR for IEE and IEE report to ADB for concurrence and to NRA for approval. SPV (Executing As Project EA, manages  Monitors and ensures the Agency), Project overall project compliance of covenants, Management implementation and including submission of audited Office/Ministry of monitoring. project Finance (interim) financial statements. Coordinates with ADB and  Recruits pool of consultants for other agencies for smooth PMU and procures project implementation. equipment and vehicles, if necessary, for PMU.  Updates procurement plan and monitors the procurement process.  Guides, supports and monitors PIUs and field

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 63 Institution Role Responsibility in the Project offices in implementing sub- projects in respective project districts.  Communicates with ADB on project progress and any issues that may arise.  Maintains project documents, consolidates reports from PIUs and submits to ADB (as outlined in the PAM).  Opens and manages project account for Government funds.  Consolidates accounts and submits all audited project financial statements pertaining to the project to ADB within 9 months of the end of the fiscal year. CISC Support consultant at Central  Technical and management Level. support to CLPIU-EEAP  Supervises and monitors project consultants and contractors.  Implements and monitor resettlement plans and IEEs for the relevant subprojects and prepares consolidated reports on these.  Ensures timely and effective implementation of the activities set out in the Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) Action Plan.  Prepares progress reports, as outlined in PAM, for submission to PMU. District DCC is Project implementing  Implement IEE and EMP of sub- Coordination agency in district projects and conduct Committee environmental monitoring and reporting. District Technical Project implementation office  Responsible for overall activities Office working directly under DCC related to implementation of the works at field level. District Supporting DCC on  Assist DCC in environmental

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 64 Institution Role Responsibility in the Project Environment and environment and energy safeguard issues Energy Section issues  Represent DCC in Grievance Redress Committee District Level Supporting consultants at  Technical and management Project district level support to DTO/DCC for the Implementation implementation of project Unit activities in the districts. Responsible for supervision and monitoring at field level. Safeguard Desk Supporting unit for  The desk will conduct regular safeguards at district level. monitoring of EMP compliance Safeguard desk coordinator and record them. The safeguard will work as focal person for desk will organize monthly Safeguard desk. The safeguard meeting which will be safeguard desk has been participated by all technical, established in DCC, Gorkha environment and social team of comprising environment and the district project office. The social safeguard personnel safeguard desk will maintain has been assigned as minutes of meeting of each coordinator of the safeguard safeguard meeting and through desk. DTO will report all the safeguard matters along with copy of the minutes to the EEAP.  Responsible for supervising, coordinating, networking, monitoring and reporting environmental safeguard compliances. Grievance Support in addressing  Responsible for addressing Redress grievances caused due to grievances due to road Committee road construction related to construction which affects their environment. livelihood. Project Steering Provides overarching  Monitors and reviews project Committee guidance and policy level performance at an support to the project. inter-ministerial level and addresses key policy related issues.  Ensures collaboration and cooperation among central level agencies.

199. To support for smooth implementation of the project, there are various district level committees and groups including DLPIU, DISC to support the project.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 65

Government of Nepal ADB, SDC National Reconstruction Authority (NRA)

Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development/ PCC

CLPIU-EEAP CISC Environment safeguard focal Environment Safeguard Unit person (Environment Specialist)

DLPIU Safeguard Desk  LDO DISC Environment + DFO/CFUG  CDE Resettlement + Social  Engineers  Accountant

Contractor

Figure 12: Environmental Management Organisation Structure

9.2 Implementation of Benefit Augmentation and Mitigation Measures 200. The DCC/DTO will be responsible for the implementation of benefit augmentation and mitigation measures proposed in Chapter 5. Various agencies including CLPIU, local bodies and concerned governmental line agencies will support DCC/DTO for the implementation of mitigation measures. The detail action plan for activities to be carried out to augment beneficial impacts and reduce/mitigate adverse impact produced from the implementation of the proposal, and the responsible implementing and supporting agencies are provided in environmental management plan is presented in Tables 20 and 21.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 66 Table 20: Likely Beneficial Impacts and Enhancement Measures

Related Type of Impact Benefit Responsible Agencies Activity Effect Beneficial Augmentation Executing Supporting Nat Mag Ext Dur Significance Impacts Measures Agency Agency Construction and Operation Stage Construction of Employment Life skill training for road (Earth Generation and Increase in income D H LC ST VS income generation CL-PIU/ DISC/ excavation, DCC/ DL-PIU increase in income level (60) (20) (5) (85) activities to improve CISC spoil disposal, level their livelihood. site clearance) Training in road Increase in income construction, soft Construction of Awareness generating IN M LC LT S engineering CL-PIU/ DISC/ road & on the Enhancement activities, DCC/ DL-PIU (20) (20) (20) (60) structures and CISC job trainings employment bioengineering opportunities works. Enterprise Construction No benefit Development and Enhancement in L LC ST INS CL-PIU/ DISC/ work & on the D augmentation DCC/ DL-PIU Business local economy (10) (20) (5) (35) CISC job trainings planned Promotion Rent from the land Construction Source of income No benefit acquired IN M LC LT S CL-PIU/ DISC/ work & on the for short time augmentation DCC/ DL-PIU temporarily during (20) (20) (20) (60) CISC job trainings period planned construction Construction No benefit Women Empower the H LC LT VS DCC / DL- CL-PIU/ DISC/ work & on the IN augmentation Empowerment women (60) (20) (20) (100) PIU/NGO CISC job trainings planned Operation of Improvement in Saving in travel D H R LT VS Proper RM/Municipality DCC/DTO

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 67 Related Type of Impact Benefit Responsible Agencies Activity Effect Beneficial Augmentation Executing Supporting Nat Mag Ext Dur Significance Impacts Measures Agency Agency Road Accessibility and time and travel (60) (60) (20) (140) maintenance Saving of Time and cost (regular, Transportation Cost emergency), continuation of bioengineering activities No benefit Operation of Access to Inputs Improvement in H R LT VS RM/Municipality D augmentation DCC/DTO Road and Services local condition (60) (60) (20) (140) NGO/CBO planned Shifts towards improved Increase in Trade, commercial S No benefit Operation of Commerce and L LC LT agriculture and IN (50) augmentation RM/Municipality DCC/DTO Road Development of (10) (20) (20) increase in non- planned Market centers agricultural occupation Appreciation of Improvement in No benefit Operation of H LC LT VS DTO/CDO/ Land Value local economic IN augmentation RM/Municipality Road (60) (20) (20) (100) DCC condition planned Increased Crop No benefit Operation of Productivity and Enhancement in H LC LT VS DADO/ DTO/ IN augmentation RM/Municipality Road Sale of Farm local economy (60) (20) (20) (100) DCC planned. Products

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 68 Table 21 : Likely Adverse Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures

Activity Potential Negative Related Adverse Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Effects Impacts Measure Nat Mag Ext Du signi Executing Supporting r fican Agency Agency ce Construction Stage Physical Environment Earth Change in land use of Loss of D H LC LT VS Applying additional Contractor/ CLPIU/DCC Excavation 2.707 ha cultivated land agricultural land, (60) (20) (20 (100) protective measures that DLPIU production, loss of ) the remaining land will not property be lost due to erosion. The sites will be stabilized with bio-engineering technologies Spoil Spoil disposal and Gully erosion, D M SS LT S Seperation and utilization Contractor CLPIU/DCC/DLPIU Disposal imposed weight of spoil landslide, (20) (10) (20 (50) of top soil and proper on fragile slopes at the disruption of road, ) management of spoils and chainage 3+500, damage to waste, provision of proper 15+300, 23+250, farmland, water drainages, toe walls. 26+300 and 28+500. pollution etc.

Site Slope Instability at the Erosion, landslide, IN M SS LT S Bio-engineering DLPIU/ CLPIU/DCC/CISC/ clearance, chainage 3+900-3+950, loss of property (20) (10) (20 (50) application will be used to Contractor DISC earth 21+680-21+720 ) stabilize the slopes. excavation Necessary slope stabilization structures will be constructed Construction Water management, Erosion, landslide, IN M SS MT INS Proper drainage structures Contractor DCC/DTO/DLPIU/ of Road generation of large damage to (20) (10) (10 (40) (causeways) will be DISC volume of surface runoff farmland ) constructed. No blockage

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 69 Activity Potential Negative Related Adverse Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Effects Impacts Measure Nat Mag Ext Du signi Executing Supporting r fican Agency Agency ce or diversion of natural channels due to construction of road and spoil disposal. Construction Air pollution due to dust Effect on local D L LC INS Use of face mask while Contractor DLPIU/ DISC works, spoil from exposed surface, people and (10) (20) ST (35) working on dust prone and waste from construction workers health (5) areas, covering of dust disposal equipment and effect on sources. agriculture Noise pollution Disturbance and D L LC ST INS Restrict horn near school, Contractor DLPIU/ DISC annoyance (10) (20) (5) (35) health posts etc. around school, health posts. Water pollution due to Risk of water D L LC ST INS Proper spoil management Contractor DCC/ DLPIU/ DISC sediment level borne diseases (10) (20) (5) (35) and restriction in urination and defecation in open areas and water bodies. Quarrying Quarry operation and its Water pollution, D L LC ST INS Proper selection and DCC/DTO/ CLPIU/DISC potential effect on damage to (10) (20) (5) (35) management of quarry DLPIU/Co instability. Quarry site at farmland, sites, construction of ntractor the chainage 6+550, disturbance in quarry sites after 19+800, 21+250 and natural drainage completion of work. 27+624. Establish Pollution and impact due Encroachment of D M SS ST INS Camp site will be located Contractor DLPIU/DISC labor camp to location of camp sites forest, agriculture (20) (10) (5) (35) away from productive land, solid waste, land. and waste water may cause pollution

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 70 Activity Potential Negative Related Adverse Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Effects Impacts Measure Nat Mag Ext Du signi Executing Supporting r fican Agency Agency ce Construction Air pollution due to dust Effect on local D L LC ST INS Use of face mask while Contractor DLPIU/DISC works, from exposed surface, people and (10) (20) (5) (35) working on dust prone operation of from construction workers health areas, covering of dust construction equipment and vehicles and effect on sources. vehicles, agriculture material hauling and unloading etc. slope cutting, spoil and waste disposal Construction Use of Bitumen Damage in soil D H LC LT VS Use kerosene for heating Contractor DLPIU/DISC of Road productivity, air (60) (20) (20 (100) and strict prohibition on pollution dude to ) firewood uses, safety heating of gears to workers (Such as bitumen gloves, boots, masks etc.), appropriate storage of materials. Operation of Construction Air pollution due D H SS ST VS Equipment/vehicles Contractor DLPIU/DISC construction machineries and to emission of (60) (10) (5) (75) deployed for construction equipment tools (Rollers, tippers, smoke, increase activities shall be regularly spreader, in vibration and maintained. All the water tanker etc.) noise pollution vehicles deployed for material movement shall be spill proof to the extent possible. Biological Environment Clearance of Loss or Degradation of Loss of D L LC LT S Forestry clearance will be CFUGs/ DFO//DISC/CLPIU/

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 71 Activity Potential Negative Related Adverse Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Effects Impacts Measure Nat Mag Ext Du signi Executing Supporting r fican Agency Agency ce vegetation 0.715 ha Forests and environmental (10) (20) (20 (50) obtained from the DFO DLPIU CISC necessary for 1,244 plant Vegetation- benefits from ) and tree cutting will be road vegetation, minimized to formation formation disturbance in width. Compensatory ecological plantation of trees will be function done. Construction Impact on wildlife Disturbance to IN L LC ST INS Work only in day time; no Contractor/ DFO/CFUGs/ activity including birds wildlife including (10) (20) (5) (35) disturbance to wildlife, DLPIU DISC/ CISC birds awareness programme for workers. Construction Impact on Flora and Loss of IN L LC ST INS Minimum site clearance, Contractor DFO/ DLPIU activity Fauna. biodiversity (10) (20) (5) (35) prohibiting workers for /CFUGs/DISC hunting/harassing wildlife Socioeconomic Environment Acquisition of Loss or Degradation of Reduced D H LC LT VS Minimize productive land DCC/DTO/ CDC6/DISC land for 2.707 ha agricultural production, loss of (60) (20) (20 (100) acquisition through DLPIU CLPIU maintaining Land and Productivity income ) selection, compensation to road width affected people Demolition of From Private Structure Loss of services D H SS ST S Compensation for affected DCC/ CDC/ DISC / structures House and pali at the provided by these (60) (10) (5) (75) private structures and DLPIU CLPIU along road chainage 10+680, 24 structures Rehabilitation of public /RM/municipality houses at the chainage infrastructure will be done 2+630, 2+760, 2+768, according to the 2+774, 2+785, 2+830, Resettlement Plan.

6The Land Acquisition Guidelines, 1991 specify the establishment of an Acquisition and Construction Committee (also known as Compensation Determination Committee, “CDC”) for fixing the rate of compensation of private properties to be acquired, consisting of the concerned Chief District Officer (Chair), Land Revenue Officer, representative of the DDC and the Project Manager and others as deemed necessary.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 72 Activity Potential Negative Related Adverse Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Effects Impacts Measure Nat Mag Ext Du signi Executing Supporting r fican Agency Agency ce 2+870, 2+890, ,10+700,10+790, 10+810,10+810,10+816, 10+816,10+821,10+825, 10+830,10+831, 0+920, 14+050,14+190,15+350, 19+350, 28+590, 6 shed at the chainage 0+020, 0+040, 2+490, 2+610, 2+840, 20+490, 1 toilet at the chainage 2+350, 45 tahara at the chainage 2+390, 2+500, 2+600, 10+625, 10+650, 10+740,10+745,10+760, 11+280,13+690,13+710, 13+715,13+718,14+280, 14+280,14+360,15+260, 15+260,15+265,15+300, 15+300,15+320,15+510, 15+590,15+598,15+770, 15+780,19+320,19+360, 19+570,19+580,19+625, 19+640,19+680,20+505, 28+340,28+560,28+570, 28+580,28+620,28+630 28+645,30+385,30+400, 30+420 should be removed. From the Public structure 12

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 73 Activity Potential Negative Related Adverse Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Effects Impacts Measure Nat Mag Ext Du signi Executing Supporting r fican Agency Agency ce Electric pole at the chainage 0+040, 0+090, 0+120, 0+650, 0+700, 0+750, 2+740-2+950(6 in no.), 5+130, 8+160, 10+096, 10+680, 19+680,19+660,20+500, Chautara at the chainage 1+350, 1+390, 2+830, 2+950, 3+180, 3+908, 4+340, 18+900, 20+400,20+740, 20+490 public building at the chainage 10+600, Water tap at the chainage 19+320, 30+415, 1 water tank at the chainage 18+540 and Public school toilet at the chainage 19+280 should be removed will be affected.

Construction Impact on occupational Injury, fatal D L LC ST INS First aid facility at sites Contractor DLPIU/DISC activity health and safety accidents, (10) (20) (5) (35) with health treatment outbreak of arrangements, proper epidemics and drinking water and toilet diseases, decline facility for construction in capacity to workers, safety gears work (helmet, face masks,

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 74 Activity Potential Negative Related Adverse Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Effects Impacts Measure Nat Mag Ext Du signi Executing Supporting r fican Agency Agency ce goggles, gloves, boots) and accidental insurance of workers Operation Stage Physical Environment Operation of Road Slope Stability and Slides and slope D M LC LT S  Regular maintenance RM/Munici DCC/DTO road Management failure, (20) (20) (20 (60) of slope protection pality Disturbance to ) structures and traffic flow, bioengineering pollution of water  Restrict animal grazing bodies, impacts on slopes. on agriculture land, loss of vegetation. Operation of Air, Noise and Water Disturbance to D L LC LT S  Community RM/Munici DCC/DTO vehicles Pollution students, patients, (10) (20) (20 (50) awareness, no horn pality wildlife, effect to ) signs near schools, nearby agriculture health posts. land and crops  Restriction on washing of vehicles in local streams.

Biological Environment Road Depletion of Forest Loss of timber, IN M LC LT S Awareness raising RM/Munici DFO/CFUGs operation Resources forest resources (20) (20) (20 (60) programmes for pality and benefits ) conservation of forest resources, enforcement of

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 75 Activity Potential Negative Related Adverse Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Effects Impacts Measure Nat Mag Ext Du signi Executing Supporting r fican Agency Agency ce law along with community participation Road Disturbance to the Collision of wildlife IN L LC LT S Warning traffic signal, RM/Munici DFO/CFUGs operation Wildlife and Illegal with vehicles, (10) (20) (20 (50) awareness raising training pality Hunting disturbance in ) to drivers to limit speed their normal and horn use activities Socioeconomic Environment Road Ribbon Settlement Encroachment of D M LC LT S Awareness raising DDC/DTO DCC/Local operation Development RoW, increased (20) (20) (20 (60) programmes, enforcement administration accidents, delay ) of law, planning of land in traffic development, plantation of movement, trees in RoW depletion of local resources, water pollution Operation of Road Safety Increase in D M LC LT S Appropriate road safety RM/Munici DCC Road accidents (20) (20) (20 (60) measures, safety sign pality ) boards along the road. Note: Magnitude H= High (60) M= Moderate (20) L= Low (depending on the scale or severity of change.)(10) Extent R= Regional (60) LC= Local SS= Site specific Duration LT= Long term (more than 20 years) (20) MT= Medium term (3-20 years) (10) ST= Short term (less than 3 years) (5) Nature D= Direct; IN= Indirect Impact up to 44; insignificance (INS) 45-74; significance(S) 75 or greater; very significance (VS)

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 76 9.3 Mitigation Cost for Executing the Environmental Management Plan 201. The estimated cost for beneficial augmentation measures like awareness raising program, skill training, promotion of small scale industries, and income generation activities will be covered by the Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) component of the project. Costs for income generation and awareness programme activities for Affected Persons (APs) are included in Resettlement Plan. The design and cost estimate for most of the suggested mitigation measures such as slope stabilization, spoil disposal, landslide construction will be incorporated in the design and cost estimates. However clear Bow will be prepared for supply of face masks, helmets, muffles, accidental insurance, bioengineering measures, plantation and environmental protection awareness trainings. Therefore, most of the mitigation measures suggested would be a part of road design and construction without additional cost. All proposed mitigation measures will be integrated in the sub-project design so that these measures may automatically form part of the construction and operational phases of the Sub-project.

9.3.1 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Activities 202. The CLPIU, with the DLPIU and the DIMU, will monitor and measure the progress of EMP implementation. The monitoring activities will be corresponding with the project’s risks and impacts and will be identified in the IEE. In addition to recording information of the work, deviation of work components from original scope, the CLPIU with the DLPIU will undertake site inspections and document review to verify compliance with the EMP and progress toward the final outcome.

203. DSC will submit monthly monitoring and implementation reports to the CLPIU, who will take follow-up actions, if necessary. CLPIU will submit the quarterly monitoring and implementation reports to the PMU. The PMU will submit semi-annual monitoring reports to ADB. Project budgets will reflect the costs of monitoring and reporting requirements. Monitoring reports will be posted in a location accessible to the public.

204. The PMU will document monitoring results, identify the necessary corrective actions, and reflect them in a corrective action plan. The PMU, in each quarter, will study the compliance with the action plan developed in the previous quarter. Compliance with loan covenants will be screened by the executing agency.

205. ADB will review project performance against the executing agency’s commitments as agreed in the legal documents. The extent of ADB's monitoring and supervision activities will be commensurate with the Project’s risks and impacts. Monitoring and supervising of environmental safeguards will be integrated into the project performance management system. ADB will monitor projects on an ongoing basis until a project completion report is issued. ADB will carry out the following monitoring actions to supervise project implementation:

(i) Conduct periodic site visits for projects with adverse environmental impacts; (ii) Review the periodic monitoring reports submitted by the executing agency to ensure that adverse impacts and risks are mitigated as planned and as agreed with ADB;

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 77 (iii) Work with executing agency to rectify to the extent possible any failures to comply with their safeguard commitments, as covenanted in the legal agreements, and exercise remedies to re-establish compliance as appropriate; and (iv) Prepare a project completion report that assesses whether the objective and desired outcomes of the safeguard plans have been achieved, taking into account the baseline conditions and the results of monitoring.

206. Total cost of environmental monitoring (field visits, observation, review of reports and report preparation) is estimated NRs. 200,000 as given in Table 22.

Table 22: Environemntal Monitoring Cost

Manpower requirement Duration (days) Rate Amount (NRs) (NRs) Team Leader/Environmental Specialist 5 4,000 20,000 Engineer 3 3,000 9,000 Forestry expert 3 3,000 9,000 Socio-economist 3 3,000 9,000 Support staff 3 1000 3,000 Transportation cost LS 25,000 Report preparation LS 25,000 Central level monitoring LS 100,000 Total 200,000

9.4 Matters to be Monitored while Implementing the Proposal 207. Monitoring of the implementation of environmental protection measures provides a basis for logical comparison for the predicted and actual impacts of a proposal. Environmental monitoring will involve the systematic collection of data to determine the actual environmental impacts of the sub-project, compliance of the sub-project with regulatory standards, and the degree of implementation and effectiveness of the environmental protection. Monitoring will be an integral part of the implementation of the mitigation measures during project construction, and will generate important information. It will improve the quality of sub-project implementation.

208. The National EIA Guidelines (1993) and working procedure related to reconstruction of Earthquake affected structure, 2016 require monitoring plans and indicators, schedules and responsibility be identified in the IEE report. The following sub-sections deal with the various components of the monitoring programme in order to promote the full integration of monitoring activities in Project works and implementation.

9.4.1 Baseline Monitoring 209. Baseline monitoring helps to update the baseline information collected during IEE/EIA study when there is a significant time gap between IEE/EIA approval and proposal implementation. In general, it is carried out if there is a significant time lapse between the preparation of the IEE report and the construction stage or a change in environmental quality is noticeable. This sub-project will proceed for construction immediately after the approval of this IEE report and hence, baseline monitoring is not required for this sub-project.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 78 9.4.2 Compliance Monitoring 210. Compliance monitoring is essential in order to ensure that environmental protection measures recommended by this study and other requirements set forth during the approval of the sub-project are complied with. This monitoring is not concerned with determining the actual effect of the sub-project activities on the environment.

211. The proponent will ensure compliance of activities such as; inclusion of mitigation measures in the design and tender documents, budget allocation for mitigation measures and monitoring, compensation arrangements and other compliances spoil disposal, storage sites, arrangement of construction activities etc.

212. The borrower’s compliance with covenants will be monitored through ADB’s project administration missions – including the project inception mission, when the loan covenants’ compliance timetable will be discussed and agreed upon. Project review missions will appraise the borrower’s compliance with loan covenants vis-à-vis the timetable agreed in the loan agreement. Non-compliance or delay in compliance will be discussed and remedial measures shall be proposed to GoN for timely compliance. If required, the midterm review mission will review compliance of loan covenants and also assess whether the set of covenants are still relevant or need to be revised or waived due to changes in circumstances; if so, the mission will recommend revisions or waivers for consideration of ADB and GoN.

9.4.3 Impact Monitoring 213. Impact monitoring is generally carried out to assess the effectiveness of the environmental mitigation measures and provides actual levels of impacts in the field. Hence an impact monitoring evaluation study is proposed by the end of the sub-project construction phase or within three years of sub-project implementation. Impact monitoring will focus on each predicted impact and effectiveness of environmental protection measures. This will also focus on the stability of slopes; spoil disposal sites, work camps and labour camps, wastes on the local environment. The utilization of cash compensation to the extent possible, condition of the forest in the vicinity of the sub-project area, water management, damage to human facilities, incremental change in production of high value commodities, increase in other sources of income, employment generation, road side plantation, social status, impediment to wildlife movement, etc.

9.4.4 Project Performance Monitoring 214. The executing agency, in consultation with ADB, will develop within 6 months of loan effectiveness, a project performance monitoring and reporting system. The executing agency shall develop a web-based project performance monitoring and reporting system which will include functions for accounting and expenditures the recovery and reconstruction (R&R) program, concurrent evaluation of impacts, outcomes, outputs and activities in relation to targets and milestones established for the project and the overall R&R program for the earthquake affected areas in Nepal. The executing agency will prepare monitoring reports in a pre-approved uniform format for all donors, covering key aspects of the R&R program, with an additional annex specific to the Project for periodic submission to ADB as agreed.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 79 9.4.5 Safeguards Monitoring 215. The PMC will brief the DLPIU and CLPIU Safeguards Focal Persons and the DIMU on monitoring requirements for EMP and resettlement plan implementation. Monitoring data will be generated by the DLPIU and DIMUs and provided to the CLPIU. The CLPIU will then verify the monitoring data and submit these and other required information to the PMU. The PMU will prepare semi-annual monitoring reports (one for environment and one for involuntary resettlement) that describe progress of safeguards implementation, compliance issues, and corrective actions. Reports will be posted in a location accessible to the public. Safeguards monitoring requirements including suggested monitoring report formats are in the EARF and Resettlement Framework.

9.5 Monitoring Parameters 216. These would be based on the level of site-specific information or existing data series and impacts prediction. Efforts will be made to make the indicators measurable and diagnostic with low natural variability and broad applicability. In this context, the following physical, biological and social indicators will be monitored during the construction and operational stages of the sub-project.

9.5.1 Pre-Construction Phase 217. During this phase the Consultant (CLPIU) bear the main responsibility in ensuring that the environmental and social safeguard considerations are adequately incorporated in the Project design and that the respective clauses to address the identified impacts are sufficiently included in the specifications and work contracts.

9.5.2 Construction Phase 218. In this phase the monitoring focuses on impacts on the environmental and social setting caused by the ongoing sub-project. This monitoring checks compliance with the practices, norms, standards and technical solutions prescribed in the design and in the EMP. The specific monitoring tasks will include

. Verify and quantify the ongoing slope protection measures, and propose rectifying measures as needed; . Verify and quantify the ongoing activities in propose rectifying measures as needed; . Verify and quantify the ongoing/completed tree felling actions; . Verify and quantify the course of any environmental degradation caused, their likely consequences, and propose corrective measures, including the identification of responsibilities and costs; . Verify and quantify the effects of disposal of spoil and construction wastes and their consequences; . Verify and quantify the effects of disruption of natural water courses, drainage work, and their consequences; . Monitor by utilizing structured checklists and questionnaires, the contractor’s full compliance with the occupational health and safety regulations for the work staff; . Verify and quantify the effects of losses in wildlife, degradation of forests, illegal extraction of forest products, hunting, wildlife trade and disturbance to wildlife;

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 80 . Identify and assess the environmental implications on the people’s status of knowledge and awareness in relation to ongoing education campaigns; . Verify and quantify losses/damage to private property and community facilities; . Verify and quantify losses/damage to cultural properties; . Explore mechanisms to stipulate strict application of the EMP and identify consequences to be borne by the contractors in case of non-compliance.

9.5.3 Operation Phase 219. The specific monitoring tasks in this phase will include:

. Assess changes in land-use patterns, development of cottage industries, services and demographic composition that may be caused by the road development; . Verify and quantify the occurrence of ribbon development, resulting in encroachment and hindrance of traffic on the road; . Verify and quantify resulting in encroachment and hindrance of traffic on the road; . Verify all activities for decommissioning work sites and construction to their former functional stage, as applicable. This refers also propose rectifying measures as needed. . Verify and quantify the adequacy of the executed bio-engineering works for slope protection and erosion control; . Verify and quantify the adequacy of the drainage structures, functionality of these structures, shortcomings in maintenance, and possible effects on private and communal lands, as well as on aquatic resources; . Verify and quantify the course of any environmental degradation caused by Project activities, their likely consequences, and propose corrective measures, including the identification of responsibilities and costs; . Verify and quantify the effects of disruption of natural water courses, drainage work, and their consequences; . Verify the success/failure of skill development and job opportunities’ training carried out ; . Verify and quantify the effects of losses in wildlife, degradation of forests, illegal extraction of forest products, hunting, wildlife trade and disturbance to wildlife.

9.6 Monitoring Indicators 220. The monitoring will include specific cause-effect analyses for the impacts observed. Following Table 23 specifies the set of verifiable indicators that will be used for monitoring.

Table 23: Monitoring Indicators Selected for this IEE

Monitored Sector Parameters Selected for Monitoring Soils, Landslides, . Number, location and extent of slope failures Erosion, Waste . Cause analysis for slope failure natural/man-made management sites . Area (ha.) of land, forest and properties affected . Number and extent of gully erosions and pavement failures . Suitability of corrective/bio-engineering measures . Sites and suitability for safe disposal of wastes and garbage Bio-engineering . Number and plant species selected for bio-engineering, disaggregated by protective function Water pollution, water . Blockage of waterways – extent and secondary impacts resources and their . Water pollution incidents due to unsafe disposal of waste

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 81 Monitored Sector Parameters Selected for Monitoring uses and spoil . Damage to farm lands Air and noise level in . Assessment of noise level in site by direct observation and relation to traffic volume interview with stakeholders . Visual assessment of dust development at selected sites/sensitive spots and interview with local stakeholders . Traffic volume measurements Road safety . Number and type of road accidents recorded in the traffic police and in local health service centers . Suitability of local road signs Wildlife/ Habitat . NOs and extent of road accidents inflicting wildlife disturbance . DFO records of illegal timber extraction and wildlife trade impacts on forest . Observations and handling of invasive species. resources Socio-economic . Number and extent of new settlements /types and ethnic development near road groups . Number and extent of new businesses . Number and extent of new services and utilities. Resettled households . Number of HHs resettled and livelihood . Income situation and opportunities for the resettled HHs. restoration . Verification of compensation and assistance to resettlers

221. The following Table 24 identifies the specific compliance monitoring activities. Phase-wise/chronological details are provided for the methods, schedules, responsible implementing agency and the responsible monitoring agency. The compliance monitoring refers primarily to the pre-construction and construction stage of the project.

222. Table 25 details the impact and effect monitoring activities envisaged for this sub- project.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 82 Table 24: Compliance Monitoring for Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Sub-project Parameters/ Responsible Verifiable Verification Schedule Responsible Indicator Implementing Indicators Methods Monitoring Agency Agency Final alignment DLPIU Incorporation of walkthrough Walkthrough along Initial stage of DLPIU/DCC/ selection recommendations into alignment final road alignment, preconstruction phase DTO selection process and design verifying sensitive document areas Land and property DTO and CDC Cadastral records, land and properties Public consultation, Initial stage pre- DCC/ DLPIU acquisition and with acquisition procedures; verification photos; geo- construction phase compensation assistance of report referencing DLPIU Site selection and DLPIU Project’s arrangement for materials Site observation, geo- Beginning of DTO/DCC preparation of storage, and construction activities referencing and construction period construction photographic logistics documentation Awareness and DLPIU Training programmes for skill Specifications; training Beginning of DCC/DTO orientation training development, occupational safety and records, check training construction and on road environmental protection associated programme reports, during construction construction to with road construction works assess feedback from technicians, and participants labourers Compliance to DLPIU Health and safety regulations, first aid Spot checks at work Throughout DCC/DTO occupational and medical arrangements, number sites, photos, accident construction activities health and safety and type of safety equipment such as records, interviews matters mask, helmet, glove, safety belt, accidental insurance Grievance Contractor/DL Project arrangements for the affected No of complaints and During construction DCC/DTO Redress PIU/CLPIU/CI people's concerns and grievances grievances record Mechanism SC about the project’s environmental and

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 83 Parameters/ Responsible Verifiable Verification Schedule Responsible Indicator Implementing Indicators Methods Monitoring Agency Agency social performance Vegetation Contractor/ Actual number of trees felled during Record, inspection and After detail design and DTO/DCC/DF clearance DISC construction works interview with local before construction O/CFUGs people work Measures to avoid DLPIU/DTO/DI Use of firewood or fossil fuel by Record, inspection and Once a month during DTO/DCC/ pressure on SC construction crew, events of hunting interview with CFUGs construction DFO/CFUGs forest, wildlife and and poaching of wildlife and local people bird Measures to Contractor/ Dust level and noise level at work Visual observation and Once in a month DCC/DTO protect DLPIU/DTO sites, major settlements and sensitive discussion with during construction environment from spots like health centres and schools residents and workers air & noise pollution Measures to Contractor Visual observation, observation of Site inspection, Once in a month DCC/DTO protect water /DLPIU/ open defecation and waste disposal interview with local during construction; bodies from DTO around water sources near people upon demand for pollution construction sites testing with field kit Adequate DLPIU/DTO Adequate number of technicians Check number and Twice a month during DCC/DTO technical and regularly at site with ability to type of technicians construction environmental implement labour based road available at site, skill of supervision construction concept work carried out, discussion Clean up and DLPIU/DTO Decommissioned sites indicate no Site observation; At the end of DCC/DTO reinstatement of adverse/residual environmental comparing photos; construction period the construction impacts, and are rehabilitated to the consultation with land sites (camps, satisfaction of the supervisor and land owners and community quarries) owners based organizations

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 84 Table 25: Impact/Effect Monitoring of Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Sub-project Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification Location Schedule Responsible /Indicator Methods Implementation and Monitoring Agency Slope stability Inclination, slope failures, causes; Site observation, photos Near steep slopes Continuously during DLPIU during and erosion drainage facilities such as catch discussion with people and at landslide construction and construction; drain, side drains and functionality and technicians areas and sites operation DCC/Soil of cross drainage structures; fresh Conservation gullies and erosion; success/failure Office during of bio-engineering solutions operation Bio-engineering Re-vegetation through bio- Site observation; Cut slope area, During and at the DLPIU/DCC/DTO of disturbed engineering application on inspection of nursery where vegetation is end of Sub-project slopes disturbed slope; establishment of and its production rate, cleared; nursery construction nursery photos, measurements sites Disposal of Affected aesthetic value, affected Site observation and At specific During construction DLPIU/DCC/DTO spoils and forest and agriculture land, initiated interviews, photos, geo- locations where construction land erosion by local blocked referencing sites such sites occur wastes drainage, hazard to downhill slope residents and agricultural lands Loss or Status of road side land; Observation, data Road side land and During construction DLPIU/DCC/DTO degradation of production/yield; collection and analysis houses farmland, status of road side houses; status and interview with houses and of standing crop along alignment stakeholders properties Water quality Observation of open defecation Visual observation Local streams During construction; DLPIU/DCC/DTO and waste disposal around water upon demand for sources near construction sites testing with field kit

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 85 Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification Location Schedule Responsible /Indicator Methods Implementation and Monitoring Agency Air quality Dust level in ambient air Visual inspection At construction During construction DLPIU/DCC/DTO sites and at sensitive spots Forest and Numbers of trees, presence of Observations, In and around the During construction DLPIU/DFO vegetation ground vegetation, signs of illicit DFO/CFUGs records, construction sites, and during logging and extraction of NTFPs photos markets Operation construction; DFO/DCC during operation Wildlife Wildlife hunting and poaching by Interview with local Forest areas at Twice a year during DLPIU/DFO/CFU work force, trade of wildlife, road people/CFUGs/DFO roadside construction and Gs during accidents inflicting wildlife and routine during construction; observations operation DFO/CFUGs/DC C during operation Change in Numbers of people employed by Records kept by the Sub-project area Trimester during DLPIU/DCC/DTO economy the project during construction, project management, construction phase numbers of women in work forces discussion with stakeholders Trade and Numbers of shops increased or Records, interviews, Throughout sub- Once in a year DCC/DTO/DLPIU/ commerce decreased, rental of houses and observations, photos project area RM/Municipality land spaces Occupational Type and number of accident Observations, photos, Throughout sub- During construction DLPIU/DCC/DTO safety and occurred during construction; spot checks, contractors project area hazard adequacy of occupational safety and health centre measured provided; compensation records interview with

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 86 Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification Location Schedule Responsible /Indicator Methods Implementation and Monitoring Agency provided in case of fatal accidents workers Change in socio- Number and extent of new Observations, interview Throughout sub During operation DCC/DTO/ economic settlements/types and ethnic with local people, DCC, project area RM/Municipality structure groups; nos. and extent of new Police and businesses; numbers and extent of RM/Municipality records new services and utilities, social conflicts Ribbon Congestions to road users and Records, observations Throughout sub During operation DCC/DTO/RM/Mu settlement nos. of accidents, RoW project area nicipality encroachment

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 87 9.7 Major Costs for Environmental Safeguard Measures 223. The environmental management cost of this project is summarized in Table 26.

Table 26: Estimate for Environmental Enhancement and Mitigation Measures

SN Particulars Amount (NRs.) Remarks 1.1 Environmental Management Cost Before the starting Environmental awareness raising 1.1.1 150,000.00 and during the training construction 1.1.2 Compensatory plantation Cost 2,929,671.25 1.1.3 Road side Plantation 200,000.00 1.1.5 Signboard 100,000.00 1.1.6 Environmental monitoring cost 200,000.00 Sub-total(i) 3,579,671.25 Other environmental cost (included in civil works cost 1.2 also) Stone masonry wall for spoil 1.2.1 212,955.50 management Occupational health and safety (GPA 1.2.2 2,000,000.00 insurance) 1.2.3 Bioengineering works 1,336,643.95 Sub-total(ii) 3,549,599.45 Total (i+ii) 7,129,270.70

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 88 10 Conclusion and Recommendation 224. The IEE study of the Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek road sub-project does not pass through any environmentally sensitive areas and has minimal adverse impacts. Most of the adverse impacts predicted are of low significance and short term, as well as of reversible nature. The beneficial impacts that come with the facility of access to market centers and the location of social services will enhance the productivity of the area and improve the quality of life of the people. In addition, local people will get direct employment as workers, which will contribute significantly to improving their livelihood. These benefits from the implementation of the road sub-project are more significant and long term in nature compared to the adverse impacts, most of which can be mitigated or avoided. Relevant issues raised during public consultation have also been addressed in the mitigation measures.

225. The project attracts clause 1 and 2 of schedule 1 pertaining to section 3 of working procedure relating environmental impact assessment for reconstruction of the earthquake affected structure, 2016. And the IEE has shown that none of the anticipated environmental impacts of rehabilitation and reconstruction of the road are significant enough to need a detailed follow-up EIA. Therefore, this IEE is sufficient for approval of the sub-project.

226. The road sub-project is recommended for implementation with incorporation of mitigation measures and the environmental management plan.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 89 References

ADB 2009: Safeguard Policy Statement, June 2009. Asian Development Bank, Manila.

ADB 2015: Project Administration Manual: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project, June 2015.

ADB 2015: Environmental Assessment and Review Framework: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project, June 2015.

Baral, H.S and Shah K.B, 2064: Wild Mammals of Nepal. Himalayan Nature, Kathmandu.

DoLIDAR 1999: APPROACH for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Roads. Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads, 1999.

Fleming, R Sr. and Jr. and Bangdel, L.S. 1976. Birds of Nepal. R.C. Fleming (Sr. and Jr.) Kathmandu, Nepal.

GoN 1993: Forest Act, 1993. Ministry of Law and Justice, GoN, Kathmandu GoN 1997;

GoN 1995: Forest Rules, 1995. Ministry of Law and Justice, GoN, Kathmandu GoN 1997;

GoN 1997: Environment Protection Act, 1997. Ministry of Law and Justice, GoN, Kathmandu HMG/N 1997;

GoN 1997: Environment Protection Regulation, 1997. Ministry of Law and Justice, GoN, Kathmandu.

GoN 1998: Environmental Guide for Small Rural Infrastructure Projects. Government of Nepal, Ministry of Local Development in collaboration with IUCN, July 1998

GoN 2003: REFERENCE MANUAL for Environmental and Social Aspects of Integrated Road Development. Ministry of Physical Planning and Works Department of Road, Kathmandu 2003

GoN 2006: Environmental and Social Management Framework. Road maintenance and Development Project, Department of Roads, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, November 2006.

GoN 2013: Environment Friendly Local Governance Framework, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development, October 2013.

GoN 2015: Act relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures, 2016. Ministry of Law and Justice, GoN, Kathmandu HMG/N 2015;

GoN 2016: Rule relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures, 2016. Ministry of Law and Justice, GoN, Kathmandu HMG/N 2016;

GoN 2016: Working Procedure relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures, 2016. Ministry of Law and Justice, GoN, Kathmandu HMG/N 2016;

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 90 Inskipp, C. and Inskipp, T. 1985. A guide to birds of Nepal. Croom Helm, London, England. www.iucnredlist.org

Jnwali, S.R., Baral, H.S., Lee, S., Acharaya, K.P., Upadhyay, G.P., Pandey, M., Shrestha, R., Joshi, D., Laminchhane, B.R., Griffiths, J., Khatiwada, A.P., Subedi, N., and Amin, R. 2011: The Status of Nepal Mammals: The National Red List Series, Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Kathmandu Nepal.

Polunin, O. and Stainton, A. 1984: Flowers of the Himalaya. Oxford University Press.

Shrestha, K. 1985. A Field Guide to Nepali Names for Plants. Natural History Museum, Institute of Science and Technology, T.U., Kathmandu, Nepal.

Uprety B.K.2003: Safeguarding the Resources ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Process and Practice.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 91

APPENDICES

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 92

Appendix I: Approved ToR for IEE Study

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IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 103 IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 104

Appendix II: Climate Change Checklist

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 105 Checklist for Preliminary Climate Risk Screening

Country/Project Title: Earthquake Emergency Response Program (EEAP) Sector: Sub-sector: Division/Department:

Screening Questions Score Remarks 1

Location Is sitting and/or routing of the project (or its Sub-project area and Design components) likely to be affected by climate conditions is vulnerable to of project including extreme weather related events such as 2 drought and soil floods, droughts, storms, landslides? erosion. Would the project design (e.g. the clearance for There is one bridges) need to consider any hydro-meteorological river named Hudi parameters (e.g., sea-level, peak river flow, reliable 0 khola in the sub- water level, peak wind speed etc.)? project area. Materials Would weather, current and likely future climate and conditions (e.g. prevailing humidity level, temperature Maintenance contrast between hot summer days and cold winter days, exposure to wind and humidity hydro- 0 meteorological parameters likely affect the selection of project inputs over the life of project outputs (e.g. construction material)? Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions, and related extreme events likely affect the 1 maintenance (scheduling and cost) of project output(s)? Performance Would weather/climate conditions and related extreme of project events likely affect the performance (e.g. annual power 1 outputs production) of project output(s) (e.g. hydro-power generation facilities) throughout their design life time?

Options for answers and corresponding score are provided below: Response Score Likely 0 Likely Not 1 Very Likely 2

Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk project. If adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2 was given to any single response, the project will be assigned a Medium risk category. A total score of 5 or more (which include providing a score of 1 in all responses) or a 2 in any single response will be categorized as high risk project.

Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, High): High Other comments: Sub-project site is vulnerable to extreme weather related events mainly drought and soil erosion. Apart from Hudi khola in the chainage there is no other rivers and stream along the road. Prepared by: ______

If possible, provide details on the sensitivity of project components to climate conditions, such as how climate parameters are considered in design standards for infrastructure components, how changes in key climate parameters and sea level might affect the sitting/routing of project, the selection of construction material and/or scheduling, performances and/or the maintenance cost/scheduling of project outputs.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 106

Appendix III: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 107 Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist

Instructions:  This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist.  This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns.  Answer the questions assuming the ―without mitigation‖ case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the ―remarks‖ section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Project Title:

Sub-Project: IEE of Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS A. Project sitting Is the project area adjacent to or within

any of the following environmentally sensitive areas?  Cultural heritage site 

. Protected area 

 Wetland 

 Mangrove 

 Estuarine 

 Buffer Zone of Protected Area   Special area for protecting  biodiversity B. Potential environmental impacts

Will the project cause… There are no historic or cultural  Encroachment on historical/cultural areas along the road. areas; disfiguration of landscape by Disfiguration of landscape will road embankments, cuts, fills, and  occur due to cut and fill, quarries? however, cut and fill volume will

be balanced.  Encroachment on precious ecology  (e.g. Sensitive or protected areas)?

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 108 SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS  Alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways crossed by roads,

resulting in increased sediment in  streams affected by increased soil erosion at construction site?  Deterioration of surface water quality due to silt runoff and sanitary wastes There will be no significant

from worker-based camps and  impact. chemicals used in construction?  Increased local air pollution due to The air pollution will be rock crushing, cutting and filling mitigated by spraying water  works, and chemicals from asphalt during the construction as this processing? is an upgrading road.  Risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational health and safety due The safety measures will be to physical, chemical, biological and  provided for all the workers to radiological hazards during project prevent from hazards. construction and operation?  Noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil works? 

Resettlement Plan will be

 Dislocation or involuntary prepared to address involuntary

resettlement of people resettlement of the affected  people. Private structures like house, shop, shed etc. will be  Dislocation and compulsory dislocated within the formation resettlement of people living in right-  width of the road and they will of-way? be provided with compensation based on Resettlement Plan.  Disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children,  indigenous peoples or other vulnerable groups?  Other social concerns relating to inconveniences in living conditions in

the project areas that may trigger Not envisaged.  cases of upper respiratory problems and stress?  Hazardous driving conditions where construction interferes with pre-  existing roads?

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 109 SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS  Poor sanitation and solid waste The road will be constructed by disposal in construction camps and the contractors who will stay in work sites, and possible the camp site for work and transmission of communicable  campsite management will be diseases (such as STI’s and done for all the workers outside HIV/AIDS) from workers to local the project area. populations?  Creation of temporary breeding Road construction is in hilly habitats for diseases such as  region. So, there will be no

transmitted by mosquitoes and breeding habitats for rodents? mosquitoes.  Accident risks associated with increased vehicular traffic, leading to  Traffic volume is negligible. accidental spills of toxic materials and loss of life? Traffic volume will be minimal  Increased noise and air pollution  and traffic speed will be very resulting from traffic volume? slow (<20 km/hour).  Increased risk of water pollution from Not envisaged. oil, grease and fuel spills, and other  materials from vehicles using the road?  Social conflicts if workers from other  Not envisaged.

regions or countries are hired?  Large population influx during  Not envisaged. project construction and operation that causes increased burden on

social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)?  Risk to community health and safety  Not envisaged. due to the transport, storage and use and/or disposal of materials

such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during construction and operation?  Community safety risk due to both  Not envisaged. accidental and natural causes, especially where the structural elements or components of the

project are accessible to members of the affected community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 110

Appendix IV: Environmental Checklist

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 111 A. GENERAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION 1. Overview of settlements along road corridor (व्ती वाय जानकायी)

Name of Household and Settlement Settlement and Population (no.) Indigenous Code* Caste/Ethnic Address Group (घयधयी य जनस्मा) Distribution (व्तीक ू -cflbjf;L (व्तीक नाभ य (जात/जातत) कड) Hh M F Pop ;d"x_ ठगाना) A B C D E F G H I J * Use the same codes as in strip map and topographical map.

2. Economic activities/main occupation (आ्थिक ््थतत य भ्मु ऩशा)

Number of Hhs engaged in Settlement Agriculture Labour Business/ Cottage GO/NGO Code Others & Livestock & Porter Commerce Industry Employees (Specify) (व्तीक / / (कृ षी य (्मारा (्माऩाय (घयर ु (सयकायी गय (अ्म) कड) ऩशऩारनु ) भजदयी)ु ्मवसाम) उधग) सयकायी) A B C D E F G H I J

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 112 3. Existing services and infrastructures (ववधभान सवा रदामाक स्था य ऩवािधाय)ू

Service/Infrastructure Settlement Code SN -;]jf / k"jf{wf/_ -a:tLsf] sf]8_ Category A B C D E F G H I J

1 EDUCATION (शशऺा)

1.1 Campus (no.) SofDk;_ ( Students (no.) -ljBfyL{_ 1.2 High School (no.) -xfO{ :s"n_

Students (no.) -laBfyL{_ Primary School (no.) -k|fylds 1.3

laBfno_ Students (no.) -ljBfyL{_

2 HEALTH (्वा््म) Hospital (no.) c:ktfn_ 2.1 Capacity (beds) -z}of_ Health Post 2.2 (्वा््म चकी) Sub-Health Post (no.) Veterinary Services kz' 2.3 ( :jf:Yo ;]jf_ Pit/temporary Toilets (no.) (vfN6]÷c:yfO{ rkL{_ 2.4 Permanent (kSsL rkL{_ Open (v'Nnf_

3 COMMUNICATION (सचाय)

3.1 Telephone/Fax

3.2 Mobile/CDMA

3.3 Post Office

4 ELECTRICITY SUPPLY (no. of Hhs)(ववजुरी) From Micro-hydro -n3' 4.1 hnljB't af6_ From Mini-hydro -demf}nf 4.2 hnljB't af6_ From National Grid -/fli6«o 4.3 k|zf/0f af6_ From Solar System -;f}o{ phf{ 4.4 af6_

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 113 Service/Infrastructure Settlement Code SN -;]jf / k"jf{wf/_ -a:tLsf] sf]8_ Category A B C D E F G H I J From Diesel Generator -l8h]n 4.5 hg/]6/ af6_

5 BUSINESS & COMMERCE (्माऩाय/ ्मवसाम) Hotels & Lodges (no.) -xf]6]n 5.1 nh _ Restaurants & Tea Stalls (no.) 5.2 (्चमा ऩसर) Grocery Shops (no.) 5.3 ls/fgfऩसर Other Shops (no.) (e.g. stationery, medicine, 5.4 tailoring, fancy/cloth etc.) -:6];g/L, cf}iflw, n'uf l;pg] / km]G;L n'uf ऩसर_

6 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES (खानऩानी) Gravity-Flow Scheme 6.1 (No. of taps) (wf/f स्मा) 6.2 Tube-wells (no.) sn

Spring/Dug-wells (no.) (d"n/ 6.3 कु वा / इनाय)

7 IRRIGATION SCHEMES (शसचाई)

7.1 Surface Irrigation (ha.) (कु र) Groundwater (ha.) hldgsf] 7.2 kfgL lgsfn]/

8 OTHER INFRASTRUCTURES(अ्म ऩवािधाय)ू Micro-hydro Scheme (no. & 8.1 capacity...... kw) (रघ ु जर ववधुत)

8.2 Water Mill (no.) (ऩानी घ्ट) Suspension Bridges (no.) 8.3 (झरगंऩु र)ु Wooden Bridges (no.) 8.4 (काठऩर)ु Other Bridges (specify) (अ्म 8.5 ऩर)ु

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 114 Service/Infrastructure Settlement Code SN -;]jf / k"jf{wf/_ -a:tLsf] sf]8_ Category A B C D E F G H I J

9 INDUSTRY (उ्मग)

Weaving Industry (no.) (शसराइ 9.1 फनाई)ु Rice & Flour Mills (no.) (s'6fgL, 9.2 lk;fgL) Other Industries (specify) 9.3 (अ्म उ्मग) …......

10 FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS (ववविम स्था, ;+Vof_

10.1 Bank (no.) (फंक)

10.2 Cooperative (सहकायी)

11 COMMUNITY USE(साभदातमकु रमजन, ;+Vof_

11.1 Ghat (no.) (घाट)

11.2 Hatia/Bazaar (no.) (हाट,फजाय)

11.3 Playground (no.) (खर भदान) Community Centre (no.) 11.4 (साभदातमकु बवन) Community Organisation 11.5 (साभदातमकु ;+3;+:yfx?)

11.6 Others (specify) (अ्म)

4. Land holding pattern (ज्गा जभीन)

Settlements with no. of Hhs 3/ w'/L ;+Vof Remarks Land holding pattern ( ) A B C D E F G H I J Landless(सकु ु भफासी) <10 ropani (<१० यऩनी) 10 to 20 ropani (१०-२० यऩनी) > 20 ropani (>२० यऩनी)

5. Food grain availability (HH no.) (खा्मान ््थती)

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 115 Settlements with no. of Hhs 3/ w'/L ;+Vof Total Availability Status ( ) A B C D E F G H I J

Surplus (वषि बयी ऩगयु फ्न) Sufficient for 9 monthsto 1 year (९ भहहना -१ वषिऩ्नु ) Sufficient for 3-9 months(३-९ भहहना ऩ्नु ) Less than three months(३ भहहना ब्दा कभ ऩ्नु )

6. Major existing agriculture production (denote the most dominant by 1, second dominant by 2 and so on) (भ्मु उ्जनी – सफ ब्दा फढी राई १ र, दरराई २ र य सही अनसायु जनाउन)

S.N. Type of Agriculture Settlements (a:tL) production (उ्जनीक रकाय) A B C D E F G H I J 1.0 CEREALS(अ्नवारी) 1.1 Rice (धान) 1.2 Wheat (गहु) 1.3 Maize (भक ) 1.4 Millet(कद) 1.5 Junelo (जुनर) 1.6 Phaper (पाऩय) 1.7 Others (list) (अ्म) 2.0 CASH CROPS (नगदवारी) 2.1 Oil Seeds (तर) 2.2 Beans/Dal (दार) 2.3 Tobacco(तभाख)ु 2.4 Potato (आर)ु 2.5 Vegetables (तयकायी) 2.6 Fruits (परपु र) 2.7 Tea/Coffee (्चमा / कपी) 2.8 Amriso (अशिस) 2.9 Sericulture (यसभखती) 2.10 Others (list) (अ्म)

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 116 S.N. Type of Agriculture Settlements (a:tL) production (उ्जनीक रकाय) A B C D E F G H I J 3.0 LIVESTOCK & FISHERIES (ऩशऩारनयभाछाऩारनु ) 3.1 Cattle (cows & buffaloes)(गाई बंसी) 3.2 Horses, Mules (घडा,ख्चय) 3.3 Yak (माक) 3.4 Goat (वारा) 3.5 Sheep (बडा) 3.6 Rabbit(खयाम) 3.7 Pig (सुगय)ु 3.8 Fisheries(भाछा) 3.9 Poultry (कु खुया) 3.10 Bee-keeping (भयी ऩारन) 3.11 Others (अ्म)

7. Migration for employment(यजगायीक रागी वसाई सयाई) No. of Hhs from where at least one person (may be Hh head) is away from home for more than 6 months (६ भहहना ब्दा वढीक रागी)

Settlement A B C D E F G H I J

No. of Hhs(3/ w'/L ;+Vof+)

Destination(Hffg] 7fpF)

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 117 B. SETTLEMENT INFORMATION:

Name of settlement (व्तीक नाउ):…………………… Address:(7]ufgf)M......

Potential market centre(;Defljt ahf/ If]q): ……………………

1. Seasonal migration in search of work (sfdsf] vf]lhdf भसभी वसाई सयाई)

Starting Returning No. of Destination Purpose Month month Total (जान ठाउ) (उद्म) HH (hfg] (kmls{g] (घयधयी भहहना) भहहना) ू स्मा)

2. Development Potential According to Settlement

2.1 Areas which have significant potential for development, for instance, high agricultural production, tourism development, local mines, etc. (indicate these areas in map/sketch).(ववकाशक सबावना बएका ऺर ज्त, धय वढी उ्जनी हुन ऺर, ऩमिटन ऺर, खानी ऺर)

S.N. Name of Area Description of Development Potential (ऺरक नाउ) (ljsf;sf] ;Defjgf ePsf] वववयण) 1

2

3

2.2 Scope of the proposed linkage in view of promoting socio-economic development (आ्थिक साभाजीक ववकाश गनिक रागी र्तावीत सडक वाट हुन पामदा ज्त सचाय, कृ षी, शशऺा य ्वा्थ).

SN Sectors to get direct benefit Describe how it will benefit k||ToIf kmfO{bf kfpg] If]q s;/L kmfO{bf k'¥ofp5, pNn]v ug'{xf]; < 1

2

3

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 118 3. Religious, historical, cultural resources and sites of aesthetic and scenic values (wfld{s,ऐतीहासीक, सा्कृ ततक स्ऩदा tyf e"–b[Zo Pj+ ;f}Gbo{o'Qm 7fpFx? )

Type of Name/specification Location from Description Resource road (importance/presentstatus (नाभ) (रकाय) (सडक वाट दयी)ु (a0f{g , dxTj tyf xfnsf] l:ylt_

Temples (भ््दय) Monuments

(शशरारख, कक्रा,

दयवाय, गपा)ु Sites of aesthetic and scenic values (e"–b[Zo Pj+ ;f}Gbo{o'Qm 7fp)F Others (सा्कृ ततक, rf8kj{, d]nfx?)

4. Name of existing community organization -ljBdfg ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?_ 1…………….…………… 2…………….…………… 3………………………….

5. Trading pattern -Jofkf/ Joj;fosf] cj:yf_ (a) Imported items -lelqg] j:t'x?_M (b) Exported Items -aflxl/g] j:t'x?_

6.a. Travel time from starting point-ofqf ;do_ a.1 By walking -l+x8]/_: a.2 By vehicle -uf8Laf6_:

6.b. Existing transportation cost (xfnsf] 9'jfgL b/_ b.1 From porter -el/of af6_: b.2 From horse/mule -vRr8 af6_: b.3 From vehicle -uf8L af6_:

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 119

Appendix V: Project Cost

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 120 a. Civil work cost

Package: Package: S.N. Description of works Ch 0+000 to 17+600 Ch 17+000 to 30+575 Amount (NRs) Remarks Amount (NRs) Remarks 1 GENERAL ITEMS 6,320,000.00 1.93% 3,080,000.00 1.35% 2 SITE CLEARANCE WORKS 2,054,055.64 0.63% 1,749,444.36 0.77% 3 EARTHWORKS 43,666,796.80 13.31% 105,507,518.52 46.19% STRUCTURAL/ SIDE DRAIN/ CROSS 4 138,647,681.07 42.26% 105,507,529.60 36.26% DRAINAGE WORKS 5 PAVEMENT WORKS 133,505,470.33 40.69% 97,668,492.64 42.76% 6 ROAD FURNITURE / TRAFFIC SIGN BOARD 2,074,564.40 0.63% 1,781,174.86 0.78% 7 BIOENGINEERING WORKS 930,546.43 0.28% 406,097.36 0.18% 8 DAY WORKS 869,500.00 0.27% 193,450.00 0.08% SUM OF ALL SUM OF ALL Base Cost(A) 328,067,882.66 228,398,360.44 SUBTOTALS SUBTOTALS VAT @13% ( B) 42,648,824.75 13% OF A 29,691,786.86 13% OF A Total Cost including Base Cost and VAT (C) 370,716,707.41 A+B 258,090,147.30 A+B Cost Per Kilometer of construction works including 21,063,449 C/17.600 19,891,340.83 C/12.975 Base Cost and VAT (D) Work Charge Staff & Miscellaneous Expenses @ 3% 9,842,036.48 3% of A 6,851,950.81 3% of A (E) Physical Contingency @ 10% (F) 32,806,788.27 10% OF A 22,839,836.04 10% OF A Total (G) 413,365,532.15 (C+E+F) 287,781,934.15 (C+E+F) Grand Total NRs. (Ch 0+000 to 30+575) 701,147,466.30

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 121 b. Project cost including Socio-environmental Cost

S.N Particulars Amount (NRs) 1.1 Environmental Management Cost 1.1.1 Environmental awareness raising training 150,000.00 1.1.2 Compensatory plantation Cost 2,929,671.25 1.1.3 Road side Plantation 200,000.00 1.1.4 Signboard 100,000.00 1.1.5 Environmental monitoring cost 2,00,000.00 Sub-total(i) 3,579,671.25 1.2 Other environmental cost(included in civil works cost also) 1.2.1 Stone masonry wall for spoil management 212,955.50 1.2.2 Occupational health and safety (GPA insurance) 2,000,000.00 1.2.3 Bioengineering works 1,336,643.95 Sub-total(ii) 3,549,599.45 Sub-total (A) 7,129,270.70 2 Civil Work Cost 2.1 Total Civil Cost (Including VAT and Contingencies) 701,147,466.30 2.2 Other environmental cost included in civil works cost 3,549,599.45 2.3 Civil work cost excluding other environmental cost (B) 697,597,866.85 3 Resettlement Plan Cost Compensation cost (land, trees, relocation cost for private and 3.1 53,852,395.47 community structures within RoW) Supporting cost for deed transfer and management cost for 3.2 2,000,000 absentee families 3.3 Income generation and livelihood improvement program 2,480,000 3.4 Contingency (20%) 10,770,479.09 Sub-total (C) 69,102,874.56 4 Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Plan Cost Disaster preparedness works session visual/ documentary show 4.1 80,000 on D & RM 4.2 Campaign program (Awareness program on CLS IT) 120,000 Sub-total (D) 200,000 Total Project Cost (A+B+C+D) 774,030,012.11

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 122 c. Resettlement Plan Cost Total Amount S.N. Budget Unit loss (NRs.) Remarks 1. DIRECT COST Land Compensation of 1.1 Interviewed HHs Ha. 8.799 23983140.88 204 Interviewed HHs

Land Compensation of 1.2 Absentees’ HHs Ha. 3.453 11157650.44 138 Absentees’ HHs 127 Non-Registered 1.3 Compensation for Non- Ha. 2.516 9089661.47 Plots Registered Land 1.4 Guthi Land Ha. 0.228 1080229.85 18 plots 2 Private Trees No. 232 160622.5

2.1 Private Fruit Trees No. 25 67334 2.2 Private Cash Crops No. 21 31320 2.3 Private Bamboo No. 475 118750 2.4 CFUGs Trees No. 583 247411.81 3 CFUGs 2.5 GoN Trees No. 142 123778.4 2.6 Institution Trees No. 85 58573 342 HHs(including absentee HHs, 18 guthi plots and 127non- 3 Private Crops (Paddy) Ha. 14.995 807982.95 registered plots) 9 residences, 5sheds, 3 4 Private structures No. 18 3717421.6 toilets and 1 pali Affected by earthquake, cost calculates only 4.1 Private Residence EQ No. 15 355000 materials transportation. 4.2 Temporary huts/taharas No. 43 686753.84 43 Temporary huts/taharas Relocation /Transportation 4.3 cost No. 3 45000 14 electric pole and 11 chautara, 1 water tank, 2 public tapstand including 4.4 Public Structure No. 30 2121764.73 2 public schools Sub Total 53852395.47 2. INDIRECT COST 2.1 Deed Transfer Fees plots 614 614000 DOLIDAR NORMS Management cost for 2.2 absentees' HHs 138 1386000 DOLIDAR NORMS Sub Total 2000000 Income Generation and Livelihood Improvement

3 Program[2] LS 31 2480000 31 APs 4 Contingency (20%) 10770479.09 Subtotal (1+2+3+4) GRAND TOTAL 69102874.56

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 123

Appendix VI: Public Notice

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IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 125 English Translation of notice published

Government of Nepal Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development Office of District Development Committee Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) District project Implementation Unit Gorkha

Public notice for comments and suggestion on the Initial Environmental Examination (Date of first publication: 2072/12/18)

The Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) is a project being implemented by convinent loan and grant assistance from Asian Development Bank (ADB) and technical and grant technical assistance from Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), counterpart funding from Government of Nepal (GoN), for Reconstruction and Rehabilitation. This notice is published for the implementation of an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report as per the provision of the Rule 7 (2) of the Environment Protection Rules 1997 (amended 1999 AD) for the following roads.

S.N Proposed Road Affected VDC and Description of Proposal Municipality 1. Ghympesal- , The proposed road sub-project starts from Bakot-Palkhu- , Ghyampsal of Masel VDC and ends at Swara- Swara, Pandruk, Kharra khola of VDC. The total Saurpani- Saurpani, length of road is 30 km and width is 6.25 m Barpak Panchkhuwa, with drainage. Deurali, VDC 2. Luitel – Palungtar The proposed road sub-project starts from Aappipal – Municipality Luitel gaun of palungtar municipality and Harmi Harmi ,Thalajung, ends at Bhachek of Hansapur VDC. The total Bhanjyang – Chhoprak, length of road is 39 km and width is 6.25 m Thalajung – Shreenathkot, with drainage. Bhachek Road Jaubari and Hansapur VDC

It is requested to provide comments and suggestions about the impacts on the environment through the implementation of sub-project, from the relevant VDCs, school, health post, forest user group, concerned stakeholders, organization and local people within 15 days from the first date of its publication in the following address. The comments and suggestions can be sent to Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads, Pulchok and Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development, Singhadurbar.

Address to send comments and suggestions:

District Development District Technical Office, Earthquake Emergency Assistance Committee, Gorkha District project Project (EEAP) Telephone no: 064-420144 Implementation Unit, Central project Implementation Fax No: 064-420377 Gorkha Unit, Lalitpur Telephone no: 064420029 Telephone no: 01-5532331 Fax no. 064-420029 Email: [email protected]

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 126

Appendix VII: Deed of Enquiry (Muchulka)

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Appendix VIII: Recommendation Letters

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Appendix IX: Meeting Minutes with Local People

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Appendix X: Socio-economic Data of Sub-project Area

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 157 a: Distribution of Households by Major Occupation

Agriculture & Labour & Business / Cottage GO / NGO Settlement Livestock Porter Commerce Industry Employees Bhachek Bazar 90 10 45 6 Balekhu 40 8 10 2 Dharapani 20 12 9 Chisapani 35 15 8 Chipleti 15 9 10 3 Chilaune 20 12 6 1 Thalajung 29 8 4 2 Tallopam 35 15 9 Chittapokhari 50 24 6 Bhalumare 35 15 20 8 Thumki Gaun 30 9 12 1 Thaneswor 30 6 15 Harmi Bhanjyang 38 13 7 2 Aappipal 45 20 12 1 Baddanda 45 15 10 1 Total 557 191 183 2 25 Percentage 75.89 26.02 24.93 0.27 3.41

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 158 b: Migration Pattern in Project Area

Migration for more than 6 months Settlement Purpose HHs No. Destination

Bhachek Bazar Education & employment 15 Gorkha bazaar, Kathmandu,

Balekhu Wage & Labour 2 Gorkha bazaar, Kathmandu, besisahar

Dharapani Wage & Labour 2 Gorkha bazaar, Kathmandu, besisahar

Chisapani Wage & Labour 1 Gorkha bazaar, Kathmandu, besisahar

Chipleti Wage & Labour 5 Gorkha bazaar, Kathmandu, besisahar

Chilaune Wage & Labour 7 Gorkha bazaar, Kathmandu, besisahar

Thalajung Wage & Labour 5 Gorkha bazaar, Kathmandu, besisahar

Tallopam Wage & Labour 5 Gorkha bazaar, Kathmandu, besisahar

Chittapokhari Wage & Labour 1 Gorkha bazaar, Kathmandu, besisahar

Bhalumare Wage & Labour 3 Gorkha bazaar, Kathmandu, besisahar

Thumki Gaun Wage & Labour 2 Gorkha bazaar, Kathmandu, besisahar

Thaneswor Wage & Labour 4 Gorkha bazaar, Kathmandu, besisahar

Harmi Bhanjyang Wage & Labour 5 Gorkha bazaar, Kathmandu, besisahar

Aappipal Wage & Labour 3 Gorkha bazaar, Kathmandu, besisahar

Baddanda Wage & Labour 20 Gorkha bazaar, Kathmandu, besisahar Total 80

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 159 c: Major Existing Agricultural Production (Cereals, Cash Crops, Livestock)

Cereals Cash crops Livestock and Fisheries

Settlement Rice Rice Wheat Maize Phapar Millet Oil Seeds Beans/Dal Potato Vegetables Fruits Aalainchi Cattle Goat Pig Poultry Bhachek Bazar 1 3 2 4 5 1 4 5 3 6 2 1 2 4 3 Balekhu 1 3 2 4 5 1 2 3 5 4 6 1 2 3 Dharapani 1 3 2 5 4 1 4 5 3 6 2 1 2 3 Chisapani 3 2 1 4 5 1 4 6 2 5 3 1 2 3 Chipleti 2 3 1 5 4 1 4 1 2 5 4 1 2 3 Chilaune 1 3 2 4 5 1 5 1 2 6 3 1 2 4 3 Thalajung 1 2 3 5 4 1 4 2 1 6 2 1 2 3 Tallopam 1 2 3 4 5 1 4 1 2 5 3 1 2 3 Chittapokhari 2 3 1 5 4 1 3 1 2 5 0 1 2 3 Bhalumare 1 3 2 4 5 1 5 3 6 4 2 1 3 2 Thumki Gaun 2 3 1 5 4 1 5 3 6 4 2 1 3 4 2 Thaneswor 1 3 2 4 5 1 4 2 6 3 5 1 3 2 Harmi Bhanjyang 1 3 2 4 5 1 3 6 5 4 2 1 3 2 Aappipal 2 3 1 5 4 1 3 4 6 5 2 1 3 4 2 Baddanda 2 3 1 4 5 1 6 2 5 4 3 1 3 4 2

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 160 d: Summary of Public Services and Infrastructure according to Settlement I. Education Educational institutions Settlement Campus High School Primary School Total No. Student Total No. Student Total No. Student Bhachek Bazar 0 10 25 1 50 Balekhu 0 5 0 0 0 0 Dharapani 1 8 15 0 21 Chisapani 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chipleti 1 5 1 10 1 15 Chilaune 0 4 0 22 0 10 Thalajung 0 20 0 1 0 0 Tallopam 0 50 0 30 0 20 Chittapokhari 0 0 1 30 0 0 Bhalumare 0 9 0 20 0 30 Thumki Gaun 1 0 1 13 0 0 Thaneswor 0 0 0 15 1 20 Harmi Bhanjyang 1 7 0 16 0 0 Aappipal 0 7 1 20 0 21 Baddanda 0 5 0 19 0 12 Total 4 130 4 236 3 199

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 161 II. Other structures Business and Water Community Use Toilet commerce supply

Settlement

T P Veterinary Veterinary (no) (no) Health Post Post Health / CDMA Mobile Solar System Grid National Lodges & Hotels tea shop Restaurant\ Shops Grocery Stationary, Medical, Flow Gravity Wells Spring/Dug (ha) Irrigation Surface Bridge Suspension cooperative hatiya/Bazar Ghat Com. Center Ground Play Organization Com. Bhachek Bazar 125 1 1 125 125 8 9 1 5 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 Balekhu 5 50 55 4 55 3 1 1 7 1 2 Dharapani 3 29 30 30 1 4 2 12 1 0 1 1 1 Chisapani 5 40 1 45 45 2 8 3 5 1 2 1 1 1 Chipleti 28 1 28 8 28 3 2 2 5 7 3 1 1 Chilaune 2 30 32 32 2 1 22 1 1 2 Thalajung 7 40 47 47 2 5 30 2 1 2 1 2 Tallopam 2 40 1 42 42 1 5 2 3 5 1 1 4 Chittapokhari 60 1 60 60 1 6 1 7 2 1 1

Bhalumare 50 1 50 5 50 1 9 4 9 1 4 1 4 1 Thumki Gaun 38 40 40 2 4 3 3 3 1 1 2 2 Thaneswor 35 1 35 35 2 0 1 2 8 1 2 1 2 2 Harmi 40 1 40 40 0 2 4 3 2 1 1 1 Bhanjyang Aappipal 50 50 9 50 12 3 4 2 1 5 Baddanda 55 55 55 13 2 1 3 5 2 1 1 3 1 5 Grand total 24 710 5 4 734 26 734 28 73 22 22 131 7 28 3 19 7 5 22 5 16

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 162 e: Land holding Pattern (No. of Households)

Settlement Landless <10 ropani 10 to 20 ropani >20 ropani

Bhachek Bazar 1 19 100 5 Balekhu 16 35 9 Dharapani 10 15 5

Chisapani 25 10 10

Chipleti 10 10 8

Chilaune 10 20 2

Thalajung 25 15 7

Tallopam 20 20 2

Chittapokhari 10 40 10

Bhalumare 10 30 10 Thumki Gaun 20 15 5 Thaneswor 10 15 10 Harmi Bhanjyang 20 13 7 Aappipal 20 20 10 Baddanda 20 20 15 Total 1 245 378 115 Percentage HH 0.14 33.38 51.50 15.67

Appendix Xf: Potential Area for Development

Settlement Potentiality for Development Bhachek Bazar Potato, fruits Balekhu Potato, fruits, aalainchi Dharapani Potato, fruits, aalainchi Chisapani Potato, fruits, aalainchi Chipleti Potato, fruits, aalainchi Chilaune Potato, fruits, aalainchi, beans Thalajung Potato, aalainchi Tallopam Potato, fruits, aalainchi Chittapokhari Fruits, aalainchi Bhalumare Potato, fruits, aalainchi Thumki Gaun Fruits, aalainchi Thaneswor Potato, fruits, aalainchi Harmi Bhanjyang Aalainchi, phapar Aappipal Potato, fruits, aalainchi Baddanda Potato,aalainchi

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 163 Appendix Xg: Scope of Proposed Linkage Directly benefited Settlement Description of potential development Sector Bhachek Bazar Balekhu Dharapani Chisapani  Cheap and quick transportation facility, Chipleti employment in construction activities, Chilaune  Easy access to varieties of seeds, tools and market linkage to agricultural and non- Thalajung Agriculture, Education, agricultural production, Tallopam Employment  Build new infrastructure, Chittapokhari generation,  Market extension, Bhalumare Transportation,  Quick transport of books and stationary, Thumki Gaun Health & Tourism  Timely treatment and availability of Thaneswor medical facilities, Harmi  Increase in land value, Bhanjyang  Tourism promotion. Aappipal Baddanda

Appendix XI: Name of Organization Contacted SN Name of Organization Address 1 Then Distinct Development Committee, Gorkha Gorkha 2 District Technical Office, Gorkha Gorkha 3 Distinct Forest Office, Gorkha Gorkha 4 District Land Revenue Office, Gorkha Gorkha 5 District Agriculture Development Office, Gorkha Gorkha Then concerned Office of Village Development 6 Gorkha Committee 9 Amdanda CFUG Gorkha 10 Sisneri CFUG Gorkha 11 Adheri CFUG Gorkha 12 Tarkedanda CFUG Gorkha

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 164

Appendix XII: List of Persons Contacted S.N. Name Designation Address Sahadev Bahadur 1 D.T.O Gorkha Bhandari 2 Krishna Prasad Dhakal Vice President Adheri CF Gorkha Member of harmi Dalit 3 Bal bahadur magrati Harmi, Gorkha Samaj 4 Ishwor Basnet Thalajung, Gorkha Member of Choprak 5 Ram Chandra Pokhrel Choprak Gorkha Ward 6 Depend Prasad Shah Secretary Harmi, Gorkha 7 Chuda Bahadur Luitel Then VDC secretary Then Hansapur, VDC Gorkha 8 Jit Bahadur Rana District hospital Gorkha Irrigation Development 9 Anju Kumari Aale Gorkha Division 10 Sabin Shrestha District forest office Gorkha Bhawani Multiple Campus, 11 Arjun Thapa Campus chief Gorkha

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 165

Appendix XIII: Trees to be Cut Down

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 166 a. Tree loss from Community Forest

Name of the From To No. of Compensatory Rate Total Cost SN Species Scientific Name Forest Ch Ch Trees Plantation (1:25) (NRs) (NRs)

00+230 01+000 Saal Shorea robusta 18 450 71,883.00 1 Amdanda CFUG Sub-total 18 450 71,883.00

Chilaune Schima wallichi 12 300 47,922.00 Andheripakha 12+550 13+180 2 CFUG Katus Castanopsis indica 7 175 27,954.50

Sub-total 19 475 75,876.50

Salla Cupressus torulosa 1 25 3,993.50

kaphal Mirica esculanta 78 1,950 311,493.00

Chilaune Schima wallichi 155 3,875 159.74 618,992.50

Paiyu Prunus cerasoids 10 250 39,935.00

Tarkedanda 16+500 17+660 Katus Castanopsis indica 275 6,875 1,098,212.50 3 CFUG Mauwa Engelhardia spicata 5 125 19,967.50

Lakure Fraxinus floribunda 1 25 3,993.50

Tadi Phoenix dactylifera 5 125 19,967.50

Others 16 400 6,3896.00

Sub-total 546 13,650 2,180,451.00

Total 583 14,575 2,328,210.50

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 167 b. Trees from Private Land

No. Compensatory From To Rate Total Cost S.N Name of Owner Then Address Species Scientific Name of Plantation Chainage Chainage (NRs) (NRs) Trees (1:1)

Bakaino Melia composite 3 3 66.25 198.75

Gayo Innula cappa 1 1 66.25 66.25 Palungtar Rit Kumar 1 Municipality-8, 0+000 0+065 Shrestha, Luitel, Gorkha Guava Psidium guajava 3 3 66.25 198.75

Mango Mangifera indica 1 1 66.25 66.25

Saj Termanalia alata 2 2 66.25 132.50 Palungtar Pahalman Dhoj 2 municipality-8, 0+065 0+095 Banana Musa acuminata 14 14 66.25 927.50 Malla, Gorkha palungtar Gajendra Pd 3 unicipality-8 0+095 0+130 Saal Shorea robusta 1 1 66.25 66.25 Shrestha, Gorkha Palungtar 4 Bimala Shrestha, 0+130 0+135 Saal Shorea robusta 1 1 66.25 66.25 Municipality-8 Amar Jyoti Janta Higher Palungtar-8 5 0+095 0+135 Pineapple Ananas comosus 8 8 66.25 530.00 Secondary ,Gorkha, School, Durganarayan palungtar-8 Luitel, Mucuna 6 00+150 00+175 Buldhyangro 1 1 66.25 66.25 Shrestha, Gorkha macrocarpa

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 168 No. Compensatory From To Rate Total Cost S.N Name of Owner Then Address Species Scientific Name of Plantation Chainage Chainage (NRs) (NRs) Trees (1:1) 00+175 00+180 Chilaune Schima wallichi 1 1 66.25 66.25 00+210 00+230 Saal Shorea robusta 2 2 66.25 132.50 00+230 00+230 Saal Shorea robusta 4 4 66.25 265.00 00+235 00+240 Saal Shorea robusta 2 2 66.25 132.50 00+060 00+270 Saal Shorea robusta 1 1 66.25 66.25 00+270 00+300 Saal Shorea robusta 10 10 66.25 662.50 00+300 00+330 Saal Shorea robusta 6 6 66.25 397.50 00+350 00+350 Mango Mangifera indica 1 1 66.25 66.25 Amar Jyoti Janta 00+350 00+360 Saal Shorea robusta 1 1 66.25 66.25 Higher Palungtar-8 7 Secondary ,Gorkha 00+360 00+380 Saal Shorea robusta 4 4 66.25 265.00 School, 00+380 00+400 Katus Castanopsis indica 1 1 66.25 66.25 00+470 00+500 Saal Shorea robusta 1 1 66.25 66.25 00+550 00+570 Saal Shorea robusta 3 3 66.25 198.75 00+550 00+570 Chilaune Schima wallichi 2 2 66.25 132.50 00+800 00+830 Saal Shorea robusta 4 4 66.25 265.00 01+010 01+030 Saal Shorea robusta 4 4 66.25 265.00 01+080 01+090 Saal Shorea robusta 1 1 66.25 66.25 00+870 00+880 Saal Shorea robusta 2 2 66.25 132.50 Palungtar Dharmanarayan 8 Municipality-8, 00+890 00+920 Saal Shorea robusta 4 4 66.25 265.00 Shrestha Archale, Gorkha Palungtar Buddhilal 9 Municipality-8, 00+935 00+940 Saal Shorea robusta 1 1 66.25 66.25 Shrestha Archale, Gorkha

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 169 No. Compensatory From To Rate Total Cost S.N Name of Owner Then Address Species Scientific Name of Plantation Chainage Chainage (NRs) (NRs) Trees (1:1) Palungtar Mangal Kumar 10 Municipality-8, 00+960 01+000 Saal Shorea robusta 8 8 66.25 530.00 Shrestha Archale, Gorkha Palungtar 01+490 01+510 Gidari Premna integrifolia 1 1 66.25 66.25 Chijkumar 11 Municipality-8, Shrestha Archale, Gorkha 01+490 01+510 Gidari Premna integrifolia 1 1 66.25 66.25 Palungtar

Ganesh Jung Municipality-8, 12 01+640 01+650 Gidari 1 1 66.25 66.25 Shah Thakurigaun, Premna integrifolia Gorkha 01+640 01+650 Khasreto Ficus hispida 1 1 66.25 66.25 Palungtar Shyalphushr Municipality-8, 01+650 01+690 Grewia optiva 1 1 66.25 66.25 13 Lekh Bdr Shaha o Thakurigaun, 01+650 01+690 Shaj 4 4 66.25 265.00 Gorkha 01+730 01+740 Saal Shorea robusta 1 1 66.25 66.25 Palungtar 01+930 01+930 Chilaune Schima wallichi 6 6 66.25 397.50 Municipality-8, 14 Tul Bdr Shaha 01+970 02+785 Katus Castanopsis indica 1 1 66.25 66.25 Thakurigaun, Gorkha 01+970 02+785 Chilaune Schima wallichi 1 1 66.25 66.25

Palungtar 01+970 02+785 Bakaino Melia composite 1 1 66.25 66.25 15 Budhe Bk Municipality-8, 02+080 02+180 Chilaune Schima wallichi 2 2 66.25 132.50 Baddada, Gorkha 02+080 02+180 Katus Castanopsis indica 11 11 66.25 728.75 Mucuna 02+080 02+180 Buldhyangro 1 1 66.25 66.25 macrocarpa Palungtar 16 Bhim Bdr BK Municipality-8, Mucuna Baddada, Gorkha 02+290 02+340 Buldhyangro 1 1 66.25 66.25 macrocarpa

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 170 No. Compensatory From To Rate Total Cost S.N Name of Owner Then Address Species Scientific Name of Plantation Chainage Chainage (NRs) (NRs) Trees (1:1) 02+290 02+340 Chilaune Schima wallichi 2 2 66.25 132.50 02+290 02+340 Banana Musa paradisica 1 1 66.25 66.25 02+380 02+390 Tanki Bauhinia purpurea 1 1 66.25 66.25 Palungtar 02+380 02+390 others 1 1 66.25 66.25 17 Purna Bdr Sarki Municipality-8, Baddada, Gorkha 02+470 02+540 Tanki Bauhinia purpurea 1 1 66.25 66.25 02+470 02+540 Bakaino Melia composite 1 1 66.25 66.25 Mucuna 02+470 02+540 Baldhyangro 13 13 66.25 861.25 macrocarpa Palungtar 18 Tulsi Shrestha Municipality-8, 02+470 02+540 Khirro Sapium insigne 1 1 66.25 66.25 Baddada, Gorkha 02+500 02+540 Guava Psidium guajava 3 3 66.25 198.75 Palungtar Baburam 02+500 02+540 Papaya Carica papaya 3 3 66.25 198.75 19 Municipality-8, Shrestha Baddada, Gorkha 02+500 02+540 Banana Musa paradisica 1 1 66.25 66.25 02+600 02+600 Dabdabe Garuga pinnata 1 1 66.25 66.25 02+600 02+720 Dabdabe Garuga pinnata 2 2 66.25 132.50 02+600 02+720 Tanki Bauhinia purpurea 1 1 66.25 66.25 Palungtar 02+600 02+720 Harro Terminalia chebula 50 50 66.25 3,312.50 Mukti Narayan 20 Municipality-8, 02+600 02+720 Barro Terminalia bellirica 3 3 66.25 198.75 Shrestha Baddada, Gorkha 02+720 02+740 Dabdabe Garuga pinnata 2 2 66.25 132.50 02+720 02+740 Tuni 1 1 66.25 66.25

02+650 02+700 Pineapple Ananas comosus 3 3 66.25 198.75 Palungtar 21 Min Bdr Basel Municipality-11, 02+650 02+700 Guava Psidium guajava 14 14 66.25 927.50 Gorkha

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 171 No. Compensatory From To Rate Total Cost S.N Name of Owner Then Address Species Scientific Name of Plantation Chainage Chainage (NRs) (NRs) Trees (1:1) Palungtar 02+650 02+700 Mango Mangifera indica 2 2 66.25 132.50 Municipality-13, 22 Teksing Thakuri Artocarpus Darkhepani, 02+720 02+740 Jack fruit interga/heterophyll 2 2 66.25 132.50 Gorkha us Palungtar 02+720 02+740 Banana Musa paradisica 1 1 66.25 66.25 Municipality-13, 23 Naresh Thakuri Bijulidanda, 05+300 05+350 Banana Musa paradisica 1 1 66.25 66.25 Gorkha Palungtar Ramchandra Municipality-13, 24 07+340 07+510 Chilaune Schima wallichi 1 1 66.25 66.25 Thakuri Bijulidanda, Gorkha Palungtar Shambhulal 25 Municipality-13, 07+340 07+510 Katus Castanopsis indica 4 4 66.25 265.00 Shrestha Gorkha Palungtar 26 Lila Shrestha Municipality-13, 08+150 08+180 Chilaune Schima wallichi 2 2 66.25 132.50 Gorkha Palungtar 27 Ward Office Municipality-13, 08+150 08+180 Tanki Bauhinia purpurea 1 1 66.25 66.25 Gorkha Bakhat Bdr 28 Harmi-3, Gorkha 09+330 09+335 Kutmero Litsea polyantha 2 2 66.25 132.50 Pariyar Janata Higher 10+280 10+300 Painyun Prunus cerasoides 3 3 66.25 198.75 Secondary School, 29 Harmi-3, Gorkha Palungtar 10+280 10+300 Painyun Prunus cerasoides 1 1 66.25 66.25 Municipality-13, Gorkha

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 172 No. Compensatory From To Rate Total Cost S.N Name of Owner Then Address Species Scientific Name of Plantation Chainage Chainage (NRs) (NRs) Trees (1:1) 30 Jip Bdr Thapa Harmi-3, Gorkha 10+320 10+400 Chilaune Schima wallichi 6 6 66.25 397.50 10+465 10+510 Chilaune Schima wallichi 5 5 66.25 331.25 31 Om Bdr Thapa Harmi-3, Gorkha 10+650 10+660 Bhogate Rhus javanica 2 2 66.25 132.50 Bhim Kumari 32 Harmi-3, Gorkha 12+280 12+300 Chilaune Schima wallichi 2 2 66.25 132.50 Sapkota Prem Bdr 33 Harmi-3, Gorkha 12+340 12+380 Chilaune Schima wallichi 10 10 66.25 662.50 Sapkota Krishna Pd 12+440 12+580 Chilaune Schima wallichi 2 2 66.25 132.50 34 Harmi-3, Gorkha Sapkota (Bharat) 12+440 12+580 Katus Castanopsis indica 1 1 66.25 66.25 Bishnu maya 13+260 13+280 Guava Psidium guajava 1 1 66.25 66.25 35 Harmi-3, Gorkha Sapkota 13+890 13+900 Banana Musa paradisica 1 1 66.25 66.25 Yubanath 36 Harmi-3, Gorkha 13+300 13+320 Dabdabe Garuga pinnata 2 2 66.25 132.50 Shrestha Damber Kumari 37 Harmi-3, Gorkha 13+300 13+320 Others 1 1 66.25 66.25 Dhakal 13+560 13+570 Tadi Phoenix dactylifera 1 1 66.25 66.25 38 Hemraj Dhakal Harmi-3, Gorkha 13+560 13+570 Kapro Others 2 2 66.25 132.50 13+690 13+710 Khanyu Ficus semicordata 1 1 66.25 66.25 39 Dibash Dhakal Harmi-9, Gorkha 14+070 14+080 Kapro Others 2 2 66.25 132.50 40 Hari Dhakal Harmi-9, Gorkha 14+140 14+160 Asare Phul Others 2 2 66.25 132.50 Chandrakanta 14+140 14+160 Bohori Others 1 1 66.25 66.25 41 Harmi-9, Gorkha Dhakal 14+400 14+410 Dabdabe Garuga pinnata 2 2 66.25 132.50 42 Mira Nepali Harmi-9, Gorkha 14+400 14+410 Kapro Others 1 1 66.25 66.25 43 Kajiram Dankuti Harmi-9, Gorkha 14+535 14+540 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 1 66.25 66.25 44 Shanta Giri Chhoprak-1 14+770 14+780 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 3 3 66.25 198.75

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 173 No. Compensatory From To Rate Total Cost S.N Name of Owner Then Address Species Scientific Name of Plantation Chainage Chainage (NRs) (NRs) Trees (1:1) Bhoj Bdr Chhoprak-1, 45 14+770 14+780 Khanyu Ficus semicordata 3 3 66.25 198.75 Ranamagar Gorkha Chandra Bdr Chhoprak-1, 46 15+170 15+180 Chilaune Schima wallichi 1 1 66.25 66.25 Gurung Gorkha Chhoprak-1, 15+770 15+780 Chuletro Brassiopsis hainla 1 1 66.25 66.25 47 Indra Bdr Gurung Gorkha 18+500 18+560 Chilaune Schima wallichi 2 2 66.25 132.50 Chhoprak-1, 48 Ishwori Gurung 18+500 18+560 Chilaune Schima wallichi 1 1 66.25 66.25 Gorkha Nandamaya Chhoprak-1, 49 19+120 19+130 Chilaune Schima wallichi 1 1 66.25 66.25 Gurung Gorkha Maitakauri Chhoprak-1, 19+190 19+200 Chilaune Schima wallichi 1 1 66.25 66.25 50 Gurung Gorkha 19+260 19+270 Lankuri 1 1 66.25 66.25

Naina Bdr Chhoprak-1, 51 19+300 19+320 Dudhilo Ficus nemoralis 1 1 66.25 66.25 Gurung Gorkha Buddhibal Chhoprak-1, 52 10+840 19+850 Dudhilo Ficus nemoralis 1 1 66.25 66.25 Gurung Gorkha Chhoprak-1, 53 Bel Bdr Gurung 20+320 20+340 Lakuri Fraxinus floribunda 1 1 66.25 66.25 Gorkha Chhoprak-1, 54 Dilmaya Gurung 20+360 20+370 Mulato Brachiaria Mulato 1 1 66.25 66.25 Gorkha Thakur Pd Chhoprak-1, 55 20+380 20+400 Tadi Phoenix dactylifera 2 2 66.25 132.50 Gurung Gorkha

Khadgadevi 56 Chhoprak-1 20+400 20+420 Lakure Fraxinus floribunda 1 1 66.25 66.25 Tample,

Mukhya 57 Chhoprak-1 20+600 20+610 Lakuri Fraxinus floribunda 1 1 66.25 66.25 Chautara

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 174 No. Compensatory From To Rate Total Cost S.N Name of Owner Then Address Species Scientific Name of Plantation Chainage Chainage (NRs) (NRs) Trees (1:1) Thalajung-1, 58 Laxmi Gurung 20+480 20+500 Lakuri Fraxinus floribunda 1 1 66.25 66.25 Gorkha Rana Bdr Thalajung-1, 59 20+560 20+580 Nebaro Ficus rosenbergii 1 1 66.25 66.25 Gurung Gorkha Chitra Bdr Thalajung-1, 20+720 20+740 Chilaune Schima wallichi 1 1 66.25 66.25 60 Gurung Gorkha 20+720 20+740 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 1 66.25 66.25 Thalajung-1, 61 Uddhav Gurung 21+120 21+125 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 6 6 66.25 397.50 Gorkha Thalajung-1, 21+300 21+310 Khanyu Ficus semicordata 30 30 66.25 1,987.50 62 Aash Bdr Gurung Gorkha 21+340 21+350 Dudhilo Ficus nemoralis 1 1 66.25 66.25 Thalajung-1, 63 Yem Bdr Gurung 21+340 21+350 Khanyu Ficus semicordata 5 5 66.25 331.25 Gorkha

21+350 21+400 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 2 2 66.25 132.50

21+420 21+540 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 1 66.25 66.25 Thalajung-1, 64 Ram Bdr Gurung Gorkha 21+420 21+540 Mulato Brachiaria Mulato 1 1 66.25 66.25

21+580 21+621 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 1 66.25 66.25 21+710 21+840 Chilaune Schima wallichi 2 2 66.25 132.50 21+710 21+840 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 1 66.25 66.25 Thalajung-2, 21+710 21+840 Mulato Brachiaria Mulato 1 1 66.25 66.25 65 Dip Bdr Gurung Gorkha 22+800 22+820 Mulato Brachiaria Mulato 1 1 66.25 66.25 22+800 22+820 Plum Prunus domestica 2 2 66.25 132.50 21+710 21+840 Others 1 1 66.25 66.25

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 175 No. Compensatory From To Rate Total Cost S.N Name of Owner Then Address Species Scientific Name of Plantation Chainage Chainage (NRs) (NRs) Trees (1:1) 22+800 22+820 Naspati Pyrus pyrifolia 1 1 66.25 66.25 Thalajung-7, 66 Nara Bdr Gurung 23+150 23+200 Dudhilo Ficus nemoralis 2 2 66.25 132.50 Gorkha 23+150 23+200 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 2 2 66.25 132.50 Kamansing Thalajung-7, 67 23+150 23+200 Chilaune Schima wallichi 2 2 66.25 132.50 Gurung Gorkha Thalajung-7, 68 Jog Bdr Gurung 23+200 23+300 Kafal Myrica esculenta 1 1 66.25 66.25 Gorkha Chak Bdr Thalajung-7, 69 23+200 23+300 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 1 66.25 66.25 Gurung Gorkha Thalajung-7, 23+200 23+300 Chilaune Schima wallichi 1 1 66.25 66.25 70 Suk Bdr Gurung Gorkha 23+420 23+440 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 2 2 66.25 132.50 Yukta Man Thalajung-7, 71 23+480 23+490 Chilaune Schima wallichi 1 1 66.25 66.25 Gurung Gorkha Thalajung-7, 72 Sanu Gurung 23+560 23+570 Chilaune Schima wallichi 1 1 66.25 66.25 Gorkha Thalajung-9, 23+680 23+730 Mulato Brachiaria Mulato 4 4 66.25 265.00 73 Padam Gurung Gorkha 23+680 23+730 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 2 2 66.25 132.50 23+730 23+740 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 1 66.25 66.25 Thalajung-9, 74 Dil Bdr Gurung 24+295 25+295 Mulato Brachiaria Mulato 1 1 66.25 66.25 Gorkha 24+850 24+890 Chilaune Schima wallichi 1 1 66.25 66.25 Chitra Bdr Thalajung-9, 75 24+850 24+890 Mulato Brachiaria Mulato 9 9 66.25 596.25 Gurung Gorkha 76 Dil Bdr Gurung Thalajung-9, 25+800 25+840 Dudhilo Ficus nemoralis 4 4 66.25 265.00 Kamal Bdr Thalajung-9, 25+800 25+840 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 1 66.25 66.25 77 Gurung Gorkha 25+800 25+840 Chilaune Schima wallichi 1 1 66.25 66.25

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 176 No. Compensatory From To Rate Total Cost S.N Name of Owner Then Address Species Scientific Name of Plantation Chainage Chainage (NRs) (NRs) Trees (1:1)

Gana Bdr Thalajung-9, 25+860 25+960 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 1 66.25 66.25 78 Gurung Gorkha 25+960 25+980 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 3 3 66.25 198.75

Purna Bdr Thalajung-9, 79 26+090 26+100 Dudhilo Ficus nemoralis 3 3 66.25 198.75 Gurung Gorkha

Thalajung-9, 80 Birman Gurung 26+140 26+150 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 1 66.25 66.25 Gorkha

Thalajung-9, 81 Bal Bdr BK 26+330 02+400 Chilaune Schima wallichi 4 4 66.25 265.00 Gorkha Thalajung-9, 82 Bhoj Bdr Gurung 26+330 02+400 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 1 66.25 66.25 Gorkha Ganesh Bdr Thalajung-9, 26+520 26+530 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 1 66.25 66.25 83 Gurung Gorkha 26+580 26+600 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 1 66.25 66.25 Thalajung-9, 84 Bhoj Bdr Gurung 27+030 27+100 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 1 66.25 66.25 Gorkha Ganesh Bdr Thalajung-9, 85 27+190 27+210 Dudhilo Ficus nemoralis 1 1 66.25 66.25 Gurung Gorkha Rudra Bdr Thalajung-9, 86 27+190 27+210 other 1 1 66.25 66.25 Gurung Gorkha 27+190 27+210 Painyu Prunus cerasoides 1 1 66.25 66.25 87 Tek Man Gurung Jaubari-5, Gorkha 27+190 27+210 other 10 10 66.25 662.50

27+240 27+250 Dudhilo Ficus nemoralis 1 1 66.25 66.25 27+600 27+640 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 6 6 66.25 397.50 Ganesh Bdr 88 Jaubari-5, Gorkha 27+800 27+940 Siplikane 1 1 66.25 66.25 Gurung 27+800 27+940 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 5 5 66.25 331.25

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 177 No. Compensatory From To Rate Total Cost S.N Name of Owner Then Address Species Scientific Name of Plantation Chainage Chainage (NRs) (NRs) Trees (1:1) 27+800 27+940 Dudhilo Ficus nemoralis 5 5 66.25 331.25 27+970 28+100 Chilaune Schima wallichi 7 7 66.25 463.75 27+970 28+100 Katus Castanopsis indica 5 5 66.25 331.25 27+970 28+100 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 2 2 66.25 132.50 Melastoma 28+100 28+280 Angeri 2 2 66.25 132.50 89 Masino Gurung Jaubari-5, Gorkha melabatricum 28+100 28+280 Chilaune Schima wallichi 11 11 66.25 728.75 Rhododendron 28+100 28+280 Guransh 8 8 66.25 530.00 arboretum 28+100 28+280 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 1 66.25 66.25 28+330 28+340 Naspati Pyrus pyrifolia 1 1 66.25 66.25 Janajyoti Higher Secondary 90 Jaubari-5, Gorkha 28+330 28+430 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 13 13 66.25 861.25 School, Jaubari- 5, Chipleti Total 519 519 34,383.75

(* Remarks: the address mentioned here has been restructured and detail of restructuring is present in Table 1 and settlement wise detail is in Table 8 of this IEE report)

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 178 c. Trees from National Forest Name of the From To No. of Compensatory Rate Total Cost SN Forest, then Species Scientific Name Trees Plantation (1:1) address Ch Ch (NRs) (NRs) Pipal Ficus religiosa 1 25 3,993.50 1 N.F, Pa.Na.Pa-13 10+630 10+870 Chanp Magnolia campbelli 1 25 3,993.50 Sub-total 2 50 7,987.00 Kafal Mirica esculanta 2 50 7,987.00 2 N.F., Chhoprak-1 18+840 18+870 Chilaune Schima wallichii 2 50 7,987.00 19+280 19+290 Pipal Ficus religiosa 1 25 3,993.50

Sub-total 5 125 19,967.50 N.F., Chhoprak-1, 20+180 20+340 Chilaune Schima wallichii 17 425 67,889.50 3 Tallo pam

Sub-total 17 425 67,889.50 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 25 159.74 3,993.50 4 N.F., Thalajung-1 20+840 20+860 21+860 21+900 Chilaune Schima wallichii 6 150 23,961.00 21+910 21+920 Katus Castanopsis indica 2 50 7,987.00 22+300 22+310 Others 1 25 3,993.50 Sub-total 10 250 39,935.00 5 N.F., Thalajung-7 24+430 24+440 Chilaune Schima wallichii 1 25 3,993.50 Kafal Mirica esculanta 1 25 3,993.50 Sub-total 2 50 7,987.00 6 N.F., Thalajung-9 25+100 25+370 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 5 125 19,967.50 26+960 26+980 Others 1 100 15,974.00 Sub-total 9 225 35,941.50

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 179 Name of the From To No. of Compensatory Rate Total Cost SN Forest, then Species Scientific Name Trees Plantation (1:1) address Ch Ch (NRs) (NRs) Melastoma Angeri 1 25 3,993.50 melabathricum 7 N.F., Jaubari-5 28+700 29+280 Chilaune Schima wallichii 56 1,400 223,636.00 Rhododendron Gurans 21 525 83,863.50 29+320 29+440 ferrugineum 29+580 29+820 Kafal Mirica esculanta 5 125 19,967.50 Katus Castanopsis indica 9 225 35,941.50

Mauwa Madhuca longifolia 2 50 7,987.00

Uttis Alnus nepalensis 2 50 7,987.00 Others 1 25 3,993.50 Sub-total 97 2,425 387,369.50 Total 142 3,550 567,077

(* Remarks: the address mentioned here has been restructured and detail of restructuring is present in Table 1 and settlement wise detail is in Table 8 of this IEE report)

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 180 d. Calculation of Plantation Cost in Private land Amount Item no. Description Unit Total quantity Rate (NRs.) Remarks (NRs.) Seedling cost No 1760 30 52,800.00

20 Plantation per ha

20(1) Site selection and survey Persondays 3 550 1,650.00

20.5(a)i Pitting 45X30X30 cm pit Persondays 32 550 17,600.00 50% slope

20.6(a) Seedling transportation Persondays 6 550 3,300.00 1 km distance

20.6(b) Seedling transportation (within) Persondays 3 550 1,650.00

20.7(a) Plantation Persondays 20 550 11,000.00 Up to 50% slope

32.1(b) Weeding Persondays 18 550 9,900.00

32.3 Replacement plantation (10%) Persondays 9 550 4,950.00

33.1(b) Prunning Persondays 25 550 13,750.00 Up to 50% slope

Total 116,600.00 Per plant cost 66.25

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 181 e. Calculation of Planta tion Cost in CF/NF Item Total Rate Amount Description Unit Remarks No. quantity (NRs.) (NRs.) Seedling cost No 1760 20 35,200.00 20 Plantation per ha

20(1) Site selection and survey Person days 3 550 1,650.00 25% shrubs and 20.2(b) Site clearance Person days 10 550 5,500.00 grasses 20.3 Fixing of pit distance (1600 pits) Person days 3 550 1,650.00 20.5(a)i Pitting of 45X30X30 cm pit Person days 32 550 17,600.00 50% slope 20.6(a)iii Seedling transportation Person days 6 550 3,300.00 1 km distance 20.6(b)iii Seedling transportation (within) Person days 3 550 1,650.00 20.7(a) Plantation Person days 20 550 11,000.00 Up to 50% slope 32.1(b) Weeding Person days 18 550 9,900.00 32.3 Replacement plantation (10%) Person days 9 550 4,950.00 33.1(b) Pruning Person days 25 550 13,750.00 Up to 50% slope Sub-total 106,150.00

35 Fencing per 200 running meter

Preparation of 100 poles of 30-40cm girth and 1.8m 35.2(a)ii Person days 8 550 4,400.00 height 35.4 Five line barbed wire fencing (100 running meter)

35.4(a) Barbed wire (14 gauge) Kg 143 125 71,500.00 Wooden pole (10cmx10cmx1.8m) No 88 No cost

Unail Kg 4.2 125 2,100.00 35.3(b) Pitting for poles Person days 14 550 30,800.00 35.4(c) Stretching and tightening of barbed wire Person days 24 550 52,800.00 Sub-total 161,600.00

Total 267,750.00

Contingency (5%) 13,387.50

Grand Total 281,137.50

1600+10% plants with Per plant cost 159.74 2.5m x 2.5m spacing

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 182 f. Compensatory Plantation Agreement

Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f(Compensatory Plantation) k[i7e"dL e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf (EEAP) PlzofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] ;x'lnotk"0f{ C0f ;xof]u, :jL; ljsf; ;xof]u lgof]usf] k|fljlws ;xof]u tyf g]kfn ;/sf/, ;xefuL lhNnfx? / nfeu|fxL ;d]tsf] nufgLdf z'? ePsf] xf] o; cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo @)&@ a}zfv !@ ut]sf] e"sDk kl5 e"sDkLo If]qdf k"g;+/rgf / k"glg{df{0f sfo{df ;xof]u ug{' xf] . o; cfof]hgfn] ljBfno, ;8s, ;/sf/L ejg k"glg{df0f ul/ ;Defljt k|sf]kaf6 ;dfg's"ng ug{' /x]sf] 5 . of] sfo{s|d k"g;+/rgf / k"glg{df{0f sfo{k2tLdf cfwfl/t /xg] 5 . o;n] ;8s If]qsf e"sDk k|efljt hgtfnfO{ ;xhtf k|bfg ug]{5 . uf]/vf lhNnfdf cjl:yt k|:tfljt ;8s pk–cfof]hgf e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf (EEAP) cGtu{t ;+rfng ug{ nfuLPsf] Ps pkcfof]hgf xf] . n''O6]n–cFfkkLkn–xdL{e~Hofª–yfnfh'ª–eRr5]s ;8s pk–cfof]hgf uf]/vf lhNnfsf] kfn'ª6f/ gu/kflnsfsf] n'O6]n ufFp b]lv clh/sf]6 ufFpkflnsf -tTsflng x+;k'/ uf=lj=;_sf] eR5]sdf 6+'luG5 . of] ;8ssf] rf}8fO{ ^=@% dL= / hDdf nDafO{ #)=%&% ls=dL= kb{5 .

;fGb{lestf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;/sf/L ?vx? x6fpg] ;DaGwL dfkb08 @)&! cg';f/ n''O6]n–cFfkkLkn– xdL{e~Hofª–yfnfh'ª–eRr5]s ;8s pk–cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] Ifltk"lt{ ;DaGwdf hlt ?v sfl6G5g To;sf] !M@% cg'kftdf Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f / % aif{ ;Dd ;+/If0f ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . jgdf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof / Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut pk/f]Qm cg';f/ n''O6]n–cFfkkLkn–xdL{e~Hofª–yfnfh'ª–eRr5]s ;8s pk–cfof]hgf ;fd'bflos tyf /fli6«o jg eP/ hfg] / sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof, Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut ;d]t 6]a'n !df lbO{Psf] 5 .

6]a'n ! /fli6«o tyf ;fd'bflos jgdf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof, Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut Ifltk"lt{ la?jf, a[Iff/f]k0f uf]8d]n, sfl6Psf a[Iff/f]k0f / 3]/jf/ nfut k'g/f]k0f nfut hDdf nfut l;g+ jgsf] gfd ?v ?v ;+Vof klxnf] ls:tf bf]>f] ls:tf -g]=?=_ ;+Vof -!M@%_ -g]=?=_ -g]=?=_ ! cfd 8fF8f ;f= j= !* $%) ^$,@)^ &,^&& &!,**# @ cw]/L ;f= j= !( $&% ^&,&&# *,!)#=%) &%,*&^=%) # Tffs]{ 8fF8f ;f= j= %$^ !#,^%) !,($&,%*@ @#@,*^( @,!*),$%! $ /fli6«o jg !$@ #,%%) %)^,%!$ ^),%^# %^&,)&& hDdf &@% !*,!@% @,%*^,)&% #)(,@!@=% @,*(%,@*&=%)

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 183 lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf

Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, uf]/vf != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuL Joj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, uf]/vf != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .

@= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .

#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . cfd 8fF8f ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x,

!= a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .

@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 184

%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u k/fdz{bftf÷lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, uf]/vf

!= a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .

@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] !* ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f - $%) lj?jfx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= &!,**# lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .

!—klxnf] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? ^$,@)^ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@—bf]>f] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= &,^&& ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 185 lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf

Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, uf]/vf != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, uf]/vf != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .

@= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .

#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] .

cw]/L ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x,

!= a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .

@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] .

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 186 $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .

%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u k/fdz{bftf÷lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no,uf]/vf

!= a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .

@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] !( ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f - $&% lj?jfx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= &%,*&#=%) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .

!—klxnf] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? ^&,&&# ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@—bf]>f] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= *,!)#=%) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 187 lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf

Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, uf]/vf != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, uf]/vf != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .

@= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .

#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] .

tfs]{8fF8f ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x,

!= a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .

@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] .

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 188 $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .

%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u k/fdz{bftf÷lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, uf]/vf

!= a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .

@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] %$^ ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f- !#,^%) ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= @,!*),$%! lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .

!—klxnf] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? !,($&%,*@^ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@—bf]>f] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= @#@,*^( ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 189 lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{noxsf] aLrdf

Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_ sfof{Gjog ug { ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_ kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, uf]/vf != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0fsfo{ ug{sf] nfuL Joj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ pknAw u/fpg] .

@= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udg ug]{ .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, uf]/vf != a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ . @= lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug{{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{ Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf ;xof]u ug]{ . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ . %= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno÷;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u k/fdz{bftf÷lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, uf]/vf != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .

@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 190 u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] !$@ ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f - #,%%) lj?jf_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= %^&,)&& lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .

!—klxnf] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? %)^,%!$ lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ pknAw u/fpg] .

@—bf]>f] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= ^),%^# lhNnf jg sfof{no nfO{ pknAw u/fpg]] .

lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷ lhNNff k|fljlws lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 191 g. Plantation Plan in District

A. Compensatory plantation Requirements for plantation activities 1) Coordination with DFO - Meeting will be held with DFO and CFUGs to discuss about the plantation management 2) Agreement with DFO/CFUGs/DCC - Agreement will be done with DFO and DCC/DTO for the compensatory plantation 3) Managing planting stock - Nursery establishment and operation . From DFO/CFUG nursery . From private nursery owner from districts . Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts. 4) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified by DFO and survey will be done. 5) Fencing - Fencing will be done by concerned DFO/CFUG. 6) Pitting - Pits of 45cmx30cm x 30cm size will be dug. 7) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites 8) Planting - It will be done by the DFO/CFUGs in the starting of monsoon 9) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce the competition by weeds. 10) Survival count - Before winter starts, survival of the plantation will be done for casualty replacement before next monsoon.

Plan of Action for Plantation in CF/NF Activities May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 19 Agreement with DFO/CFUG/DCC Managing planting stock Survey of plantation area Fencing Pitting Transportation of seedlings Planting Weeding Survival count

B. Roadside plantation 1) Coordination with local communities, RM/Municipality and DFO - Meeting will be held with concerned local communities, RM/Municipality and DFO to discuss about the plantation management 2) Agreement with concerned stakeholders - Agreement will be done with concerned local communities, RM/Municipality and DFO for the road side plantation 3) Managing planting stock - Nursery establishment and operation . From DFO nursery . From private nursery owner from districts . Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 192 4) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified by concerned local communities, RM/Municipality, and DFO and survey will be done. 5) Fencing - Fencing will be done by concerned local communities, RM/Municipality and DFO. 6) Pitting - Pits of appropriate size will be dug depending on species 7) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites 8) Planting - It will be done in the starting of monsoon 9) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce the competition by weeds. 10) Survival count - before winter starts, survival of the plantation will be done for casualty replacement before next monsoon.

Plan of Action for Roadside Plantation Activities May 18 June 18 July 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Agreement with local communities, RM/Municipality and DFO Managing planting stock Survey of plantation area Fencing Pitting Transportation of seedlings Planting Weeding Survival count

C. Plantation in Private land Coordination with affected landowner - Meeting will be held with concerned affected landowner to discuss about the plantation trees in their land. 1) Managing planting stock . From DFO/CFUG nursery . From private nursery owner from districts . Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts. 2) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified in coordination with affected landowner. 3) Protection- Protection of planted trees will be done by the landowner. 4) Pitting - Pits of appropriate size will be dug depending on the species. 5) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites 6) Planting - It will be done by the affected landowner and cost will be provided in the starting of monsoon 7) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce weed competition.

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 193

Appendix XIV: Detail Information of Affected Structures

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 194

Chainage : Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Baddanda 2+350 9 centerline: 3.5 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House Tahara Shed toilet 1.2 35,044.03 wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Harke Damai (Dil Bahadur Damai ) Plot - 103 Sheet no 095-1521 Total 35044.0333

Chainage : Structure Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Baddanda 2+490 A37No: 11 centerline: 3.5 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House Tahara Shed 7.05 7.05 774.00 5,456.67 toilet wall Pali others Transport NA allowance Land owner Name: Purna Bahadur Sarki Plot - 94 Sheet no 095-1521 Total 5456.67054

Chainage : Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Baddanda 2+610 14 centerline: 2.9 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara Shed 14.4 7.2 774.00 5,572.77 toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance

Plot - Public Land Total 5572.76991

Chainage : Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Baddanda 2+840 23 centerline: 3.6 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House Tahara Shed 774.00 - toilet wall Pali Chautara 57,954.24 Transport allowance Land owner Plot - 28 Sheet no. 095-1521 Total 57954.24

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 195

Chainage : Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-13, 10+680 45 centerline: 4.5 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House 49.3 8.7 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali 8.7 774.00 6,733.76 others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Rajkumar Shrestha Plot - 122 Sheet no 095-1521 Total 6733.76365 Chainage : Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-13, Aanppipal 10+700 47 centerline: 3 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House 48.6 48.6 2 14,400.10 699844.74 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Rajendra Kumar Shrestha Plot - 876 Sheet no 095-1403 Total 699844.742 Chainage : Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-13, Aanppipal 10+816 53 centerline: 2.8 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House 48.99 31.74 2 14,400.10 457059.10 Tahara Shed toilet wall

Pali others

Transport 10000 allowance for Bhagwan Prasad Gupta Buisiness Allowance Land owner Name: Rudra Bahadur Basnet Plot - 129 Sheet no 095-1362 Total 467059.097 Chainage : Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-13, Aanppipal 10+816 54 centerline: 3.0 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House 18.525 18.525 2 14,400.10 266761.81 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Sita Devi Pariyar Plot - 133 Sheet no. 095-1363 Total 266761.808

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 196

Chainage : Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-13, Aanppipal 10+830 56 centerline: 2.6 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House 33.55 33.55 2 14,400.10 483123.27 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Tribhunath Shrestha Plot - 136 Sheet no 095-1403 Total 483123.274 Chainage : Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-13, Aanppipal 10+831 58 centerline: 2.8 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House 60.48 60.48 1 9,810.87 593361.65 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance to Gopal BK, Gopal Sunar & Bharat Mahat 30000 Business allowance Land owner Name: Kulman Shrestha (Thakur Kumar Shrestha ) Plot - 131 Sheet no 095-1363 Total 623361.649 Chainage : Structure No: Distance from Address : Harmi-5, Gorkha 14+050 66 centerline: 3.9 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House 16.53 16.53 1 9,810.87 162173.74 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Hari Dhakal Plot - 1269 Sheet no 095-1264 Total 162173.744 Chainage : Structure No: Distance from Address : Harmi-4, Gorkha 15+595 83 centerline: 3.5 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House 31.68 31.68 2 14,400.10 456195.09 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Kale Sharki Plot - 203 Sheet no 095-1365 Total 456195.091

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 197

Chainage : Structure No: Distance from Address : Chhoprak-1, Gorkha 19+350 89 centerline: 4 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House 25.6 25.6 1 9,810.87 251158.37 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Subdari Gurung Plot - Public Land Total 251158.37 Chainage : Structure No: Distance from Address : Chhoprak-1, Gorkha 19+570 91 centerline: 2.2 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara Shed toilet 35,044.03 wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Gyan Kumari Gurung (owned by Tej Bahadur Nepali) Plot - Public Land Total 35044.0333 Chainage : Structure No: Distance from Address : Chhoprak-1, Gorkha 19+630 96 centerline: 3.5 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara Shed toilet 35,044.03 wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Jit Bdr Gurung (Bam Bahadur Gurung ) Plot - 305 Sheet no 095-1327 Total 35044.0333 Chainage : Structure No: Distance from Address : Jaubari-5, Chipleti 28+590 107 centerline: 4 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House 11.2 11.2 9,810.87 109881.79 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport 5000 allowance Business allowance Land owner Name: Lal Bahadur Thapa (currently owned by Bich Kumar Uparkoti) Plot - 1336 Sheet no 095-1288 Total 114881.787

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 198

Chainage : Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Luintel 0+020 118 centerline: 4 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House Tahara Shed 28.38 28.38 774.00 21,966.00 toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Rit Kumar Shrestha Plot - Public Land Total 21966.0014 Chainage : Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Luintel 0+040 119 centerline: 4 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara

Shed 25.9 25.9 774.00 20,046.49 toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Business 15000 allowance Land owner Name: Rit Kumar Shrestha Plot - Public Land Total 35046.4918 Ch: 2+390 Structure Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Baddanda No:10 centerline: 2.5m Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House Tahara 15.9 15.9 774.00 12,306.53 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport NA allowance Land owner Name: Krishna Bahadur Sarki Plot - Public Land Total 12306.5336 Ch : 2+500 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Baddanda 12 centerline: 3 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House Tahara 2.24 2.24 774.00 1,733.75 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Purna Bahadur Sarki Plot - 94 Sheet no 095-1521 Total 1733.75064

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 199

Ch : 2+600 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Baddanda 13 centerline: 3.8 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 10.25 4.1 774.00 3,173.38 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport 5000 allowance Land owner Name: Tulasi Shrestha Plot - Public Land Total 8173.38287 Ch: 10+265 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-13 40 centerline: 3.1 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 11.34 11.34 774.00 8,777.11 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Chini Maya Bhandari Plot - Public Land Total 8777.11262

Ch : 10+650 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-13, Aanppipal 44 centerline: 4 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 18.36 18.36 774.00 14,210.56 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Babulal Shrestha Plot - Public Land Total 14210.5633

Ch : 10+740 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-13, Aanppipal 48 centerline: 32 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total

Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 20.46 20.46 774.00 15,835.95 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Narayan Prasad Shrestha Plot - Public Land Total 15835.9545

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 200

Ch : 10+745 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-13, Aanppipal 49 centerline: 1.8 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 45.88 45.88 774.00 35,510.93 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Padam Raj Shrestha Plot - Public Land Total 35510.9283

Ch : 10+760 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-13, Aanppipal 50 centerline: 4.5 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 44 8.4 774.00 6,501.56 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Ratna Kumari Shrestha Plot - Public Land Total 6501.5649

Ch : 11+280 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-13, Aanppipal 60 centerline: 3.5 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 5.1 5.1 774.00 3,947.38 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Tul Bdr Bhandari (Radhika Bhandari ) Plot - 202 Sheet no 095-1363 Total 3947.37869

Ch : 13+690 Structure No: Distance from Address : Harmi-3, gorkha 61 centerline: 3.8 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 11.1 11.1 774.00 8,591.35 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Yubanath Sapkota Plot -1871 Sheet no 095-1365 Total 8591.35362

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 201

Ch : 13+710 Structure No: Distance from Address : Harmi-3, gorkha 62 centerline: 2.9 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House

Tahara 13.64 13.64 774.00 10,557.30

Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Business 30000 allowance Land owner Name: Prem Prasad Sapkota Plot - Public Land Total 40557.303

Ch : 13+715 Structure No: Distance from Address : Harmi-3, gorkha 63 centerline: 3.3 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 4.75 4.75 774.00 3,676.48 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Prem Prasad Sapkota Plot - Public Land Total 3676.48015 Ch : 13+718 Structure No: Distance from Address : Harmi-3, gorkha 64 centerline: 3.8 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 26.6 26.6 774.00 20,588.29 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Laxmi Sapkota Plot - Public Land Total 20588.2889 Ch : 14+360 Structure No: Distance from Address : Harmi-9, Gorkha 72 centerline: 4.2 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 21.45 21.45 774.00 16,602.21 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Santa Bahadur Gurung Plot - Public Land Total 16602.2104

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 202

Ch: 14+280 Structure No: Distance from Address : Harmi-9, Gorkha 73 centerline: 4 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 12.18 12.18 774.00 9,427.27 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Chandra Bahadur Tamang Plot - 197 Sheet no 095-1365 Total 9427.26911

Ch : 14+280 Structure No: Distance from Address : Harmi-9, Gorkha 74 centerline: 2.8 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House Tahara 3 3 774.00 2,321.99 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Chandra Bahadur Tamang Plot - 197 Sheet no 095-1365 Total 2321.98746

Ch: 15+300 Structure No: Distance from Address : Harmi-9, Gorkha 75 centerline: 3.5 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House Tahara 16.24 16.24 774.00 12,569.69 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Chitra Kumari Dhakal (Sanu Maya Gurung owns the tahara who have no land at all. Plot - 195 Sheet no 095-1365 Total 12569.6921

Ch : 15+260 Structure No: Distance from Address : Harmi-9, Gorkha 76 centerline: 3.0 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House Tahara 17.2 17.2 774.00 13,312.73 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport 7500 allowance Land owner Name: Chandra Bdr Tamang (Sita Gurung ) Plot - 356 Sheet no. 095-1365 Total 20812.7281

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 203

Ch :15+260 Structure No: Distance from Address : Harmi-9, Gorkha 77 centerline: 4.5 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 12.54 12.54 774.00 9,705.91 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Chhatra Bahadur Pariyar Plot - Public Land Total 9705.9076

Ch : 15+265 Structure No: Distance from Address : Harmi-9, Gorkha 78 centerline: 4 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House Tahara 20.24 20.24 774.00 15,665.68 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Chandra Bdr Tamang (Sita Gurung ) Plot - 356 Sheet no 095-1365 Total 15665.6754

Ch : 15+320 Structure No: Distance from Address : Harmi-9, Gorkha 79 centerline: 3.1 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 30.24 30.24 774.00 23,405.63 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Krishna Bahadur Tamang Plot - 198 Sheet no 095-1365 Total 23405.6336

Ch: 15+510 Structure No: Distance from Address : Harmi-9, Gorkha 80 centerline: 3.2 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 9.12 9.12 774.00 7,058.84 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Man Bahadur Tamang Plot - 202 Sheet no 095-1365 Total 7058.84189

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 204

Ch : 15+590 Structure No: Distance from Address : Harmi-9, Gorkha 82 centerline: 3.4 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 23.2 23.2 774.00 17,956.70 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Kale sarki (Laxmi Nepali ) Plot - 203 Sheet no 095-1365 Total 17956.7031

Ch : 15+598 Structure No: Distance from Address : Harmi-9, Gorkha 84 centerline: 4.4 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 19.72 19.72 774.00 15,263.20 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Gopal Bahadur Sarki Plot - 374 Sheet no 095-1365 Total 15263.1976

Ch : 15+770 Structure No: Distance from Address : Harmi-9, Gorkha 85 centerline: 3.6 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 12.21 12.21 774.00 9,450.49 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Sete Sarki (Tej bahadur Achhami ) Plot - 353 Sheet no 095-1365 Total 9450.48898

Ch : 15+780 Structure No: Distance from Address : Harmi-9, Gorkha 86 centerline: 4 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 20.72 20.72 774.00 16,037.19 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Hari Bdr Nepali ( Prem Bahadur Nepali ) Plot - Public Land Total 16037.1934

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 205

Ch : 19+320 Structure No: Distance from Address : Chhoprak-1, Gorkha 88 centerline: 3 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 6 6 774.00 4,643.97 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Suk Bahadur Gurung Plot - 577 Sheet no 095-1367 Total 4643.97493 Ch : 19+360 Structure No: Distance from Address : Chhoprak-1, Gorkha 90 centerline: 3.5 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 3.68 3.68 774.00 2,848.30 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Lila Maya Gurung (Constructed and owned by Bel Maya Gurung) Plot - Public Land Total 2848.30462 Ch : 19+580 Structure No: Distance from Address : Chhoprak-1, Gorkha 92 centerline: 3.3 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 20.65 20.65 774.00 15,983.01

Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Business allowance Land owner Name: Gyan Kumari Gurung Plot - 1174 Sheet no 095-1367 Total 15983.0137 Ch : 19+625 Structure No: Distance from Address : Chhoprak-1, Gorkha 95 centerline: 3.5 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 17.49 17.49 774.00 13,537.19

Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Business allowance Land owner Name: Jit Bdr Gurung (Bam Bahadur Gurung ) Plot - 305 Sheet no 095-1367 Total 13537.1869

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 206

Ch : 19+640 Structure No: Distance from Address : Chhoprak-1, Gorkha 97 centerline: 3.5 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 23.2 23.2 774.00 17,956.70 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Jit Bahadur Gurung Plot - 306 Sheet no 095-1367 Total 17956.7031

Ch : 20+505 Structure No: Distance from Address : Chhoprak-1, Gorkha 101 centerline: 3.3 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 16.2 7.02 774.00 5,433.45

Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Business allowance Land owner Name: Bhim Bahadur Gurung (currently owned by Bikram Gurung) Plot - 1070 Sheet no 095-1407 Total 5433.45067 Ch : 28+340 Structure No: Distance from Address : Jaubari-5, Chipleti 102 centerline: 4 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 27.69 27.69 774.00 21,431.94

Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Business 5000 allowance Land owner Name: Janajyoti Higher School (currently owned by Ek Bahadur Gurung) Plot - 374 Sheet no 095-1286 Total 26431.9443 Ch : 28+560 Structure No: Distance from Address : Jaubari-5, Chipleti 104 centerline: 3.0

Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 19.8 19.8 774.00 15,325.12 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Jas Bdr Gurung (Kalpana P at hak ) Plot - Public Land Total 15325.1173

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 207

Ch : 28+570 Structure No: Distance from Address : Jaubari-5, Chipleti 105 centerline: 3.3 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House

Tahara 16.5 16.5 774.00 12,770.93

Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport 5000 allowance Business allowance Land owner Name: Jas Bahadur Gurung (currently owned by Budha Bahadur Gurung) Plot - Public Land Total 17770.9311 Ch : 28+580 Structure No: Distance from Address : Jaubari-5, Chipleti 106 centerline: 3.1 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 9.45 9.45 774.00 7,314.26 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance

Plot - Public Land Total 7314.26051 Ch : 28+620 Structure No: Distance from Address : Jaubari-5, Chipleti 109 centerline: 2.9 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House Tahara 51.51 51.51 774.00 39,868.52 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Business allowance 25000 Land owner Name: Kala Thapaliya Plot - Public Land Total 64868.5248 Ch : 28+630 Structure No: Distance from Address : Jaubari-5, Chipleti 110 centerline: 2.6 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House

Tahara 29.93 29.93 774.00 23,165.69 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Business allowance 10000 Land owner Name: Prakash Gurung ( Santa Maya Gurung ) Plot - Public Land Total 33165.6949

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 208

Ch : 28+645 Structure No: Distance from Address : Jaubari-5, Chipleti 111 centerline: 3.4 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House

Tahara 39.6 39.6 774.00 30,650.23

Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Business 5000 allowance Land owner Name: Kali Maya Gurung (built and owned by Lal Bahadur shrestha) Plot - Public Land Total 35650.2345 Ch : 30+385 Structure No: Distance from Address : Jaubari-5, Nayagaun 113 centerline: 4 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 21.3 21.3 774.00 16,486.11

Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Business 10000 allowance Land owner Name: Dhan Bdr Gurung (Sirmaya Gurung) Plot - 886 Sheet no 095-1407 Total 26486.111 Ch : 30+400 Structure No: Distance from Address : Jaubari-5, Nayagaun 115 centerline: 4.1 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 50.16 13.2 774.00 10,216.74 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Karma Sing Gurung (Built by Sagar Tamang) Plot - 309 Sheet no 095-1288 Total 10216.7448 Ch : 30+420 Structure No: Distance from Address : Jaubari-5, Nayagaun 116 centerline: 2.9 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 36.8 36.8 774.00 28,483.05 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Karma Shing Tamang (Anil Tamang) Plot - 309 Sheet no 095-1288 Total 28483.0462

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 209

Ch : 19+680 Structure No: Distance from Address : Chhoprak-1, Gorkha 94 centerline: 2.7 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara 2.52 2.52 774.00 1,950.47 Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport 2000 allowance Land owner Name: Gyan Kumari Gurung (currently owned by Banu Gurung) Plot - Public Land Total 3950.46947

Ch : 2+630 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Baddanda 15 centerline: 3m Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House 34.68 9.15 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport 20000

allowance Land owner Name: Tikaram Shrestha Plot - Public Land Total 20000

Ch : 2+760 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Baddanda 16 centerline: 3 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House 42.21 23.45 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport 10000 allowance Land owner Name: Mahendra Kumar Shrestha Plot - Public Land Total 10000 Ch : 2+768 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Baddanda 17 centerline: 4 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House 24.75 24.75 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport 10000 allowance Land owner Name: Maha Prasad Shrestha Plot - Public Land Total 10000

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 210

Ch : 2+774 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Baddanda 18 centerline: 2.9 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House 48.8 48.8 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport 25000 allowance Land owner Name: Maha Prasad Shrestha Plot - Public Land Total 25000 Ch : 2+785 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Baddanda 20 centerline: 3.2 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House 43.2 20 3 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport 50000 allowance Land owner Name: Baburam Shrestha Plot - 15 Sheet no 095-1521 Total 50000 Ch : 2+830 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Baddanda 22 centerline: 3.6 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House 30 30 1 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport 30000 allowance Land owner Name: Tulasi Shrestha Plot - Public Land Total 30000

Ch : 2+870 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Baddanda 24 centerline: 4 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House 28.52 4.6 1 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport 10000 allowance Land owner Name: Maniraj Shrestha Plot - Public Land Total 10000

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 211

Ch : 2+890 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-4, Baddanda 26 centerline: 3.4 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House 45.54 7.92 Tahara Shed toilet wall

Pali others

Transport 5000 allowance Land owner Name: Babulal Shrestha Plot - 31 Sheet no 095-1521 Total 5000 Ch :10+790 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-13, Aanppipal 51 centerline: 2.7 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House 45.1 23.65 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali

others

Transport 0 allowance Buisiness Allowance 40000 Land owner Name:Ganesh Kumar Shrestha ( Abdul rahman Khan ) Plot - Public Land Total 40000 Ch : 10+810 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-13, Aanppipal 52 centerline: 3.8 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House 22.1 22.1 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali

others

Transport allowance Buisiness Allowance 40000 Land owner Name: Ganga Maya Shrestha Plot - Public Land Total 40000 Ch : 10+821 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-13, Aanppipal 55 centerline: 3.0 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House 18.6875 18.6875 Tahara Shed

toilet

wall Pali others Transport allowance Business allowance 25000 Land owner Name: Nanumaya Thapa Shrestha Plot - 134 Sheet no 095-1403 Total 25000

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 212

Ch : 10+825 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-13, Aanppipal 57 centerline: 2.8 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House 26.55 26.55 Tahara

Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport 10000 allowance to Salina Miya Business allowance to Salina Miya Land owner Name: Ramkumar Shrestha Plot - 130 Sheet no 095-1403 Total 10000 Ch :10+920 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-13, Aanppipal 59 centerline: 1.8 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House 58.95 58.95 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport 40000 allowance Land owner Name: Dilu Shrestha Plot - 902 Sheet no 095-1403 Total 40000 Ch : 14+190 Structure No: Distance from Address : Harmi-8, Gorkha 67 centerline: 3.4 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House 23 23 1 - 0.00

Tahara

Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport 10000 allowance to Rupak Neupane

Land owner Name: Mohan Dhakal Plot - Public Land Total 10000 Ch : 14+190 Structure No: Distance from Address : Harmi-9, Gorkha 68 centerline: 2.5 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House 81.88 81.88 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali

others Transport allowance to Krishna Pariyar, Juna Nepali, Indrananda 30000 Land owner Name: Yam Kumari Dhakal ( Hemraj Dhakal ) Plot - 120 Sheet no 095-1364 Total 30000

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 213

Ch : 0+040 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Luintel 1 centerline : 2.7m Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House

Tahara Shed

toilet wall Pali EP 2,722.00 Business allowance Material transport allowance Land woner Name : Public Plot Total 2722.00

Ch : 0+090 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Luintel 2 centerline : 2.6m Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House

Tahara Shed

toilet wall Pali EP 2,722.00 Business allowance Material transport allowance Plot - Total 2722.00

Ch : 0+120 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Luintel 3 centerline : 3m Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House Tahara Shed

toilet

wall

Pali EP 2,722.00 Business allowance Material transport allowance

Plot - Total 2722.00

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 214

Ch: 0+650 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Luintel 4 centerline: 2.8 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali EP 2,722.00 Material transport allowance Land owner Name: Public Plot - Total 2722.00

Ch : 0+700 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Luintel 5 centerline : 2.9m Type Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount Building

EP 2,722.00 Transport

allowance

Land owner Name Public Total 2722.00

Ch: 0+750 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Luintel 6 centerline : 3m Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali EP 2,722.00 Transport allowance Land owner Public Name: Plot- Total 2722

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 215

Ch :(2+740- Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Baddanda 2+950) 6Nos 19 centerline: 3.0 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali EP 6 nos 16,332.00 Transport allowance Land owner Public Name: Plot - Total 16332

Ch : 5+130 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8 34 centerline: 3.3 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total

Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara

Shed toilet wall Pali EP 2,722.00 Transport allowance Plot - Total 2722

Ch : 8+610 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-13 38 centerline: 3 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali EP 2,722.00 Transport allowance Land owner Name: Public Plot - Total 2722

Ch : 10+096 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-13 39 centerline: 3.2 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali EP 2,722.00 Transport allowance Land owner Public Name: Plot - Total 2722

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 216

Ch : 10+680 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-13, Aanppipal 46 centerline: 4.5 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali EP 2,722.00 Transport allowance Land owner Name: Public Plot - Total 2722

Ch : 19+680 Structure No: Distance from Address : Chhoprak-1, Gorkha 93 centerline: 2.7 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali EP 2,722.00 Transport allowance

Land owner Name: Public Plot - Total 2722

Ch : 19+660 Structure No: Distance from Address : Chhoprak-1, Gorkha 98 centerline: 3.3 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali EP 2,722.00 Transport allowance Land owner Name: Public Plot - Total 2722

Ch : 20+500 Structure No: Distance from Address : Chhoprak-1, Gorkha 100 centerline: 3.2 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali EP 2,722.00 Transport allowance Land owner Public Name: Plot - Total 2722

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 217

Ch : 1+350 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Luintel 7 centerline : 2.6m Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali Chautara 57,954.24 Transport allowance Plot - Total 57954.24

Ch : 1+390 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Luintel 8 centerline : 1m Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali Chautara 57,954.24 Transport allowance Land owner Public Name: Plot - Total 57954.24

Ch : 2+830 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Baddanda 21 centerline: 2.1 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali Chautara 57,954.24 Transport allowance Land owner Name: Public Plot - 16 Total 57954.24

Ch : 2+950 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8, Baddanda 33 centerline: 2.9 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali Chautara 57,954.24 Transport allowance Land owner Public Name: Plot - Total 57954.24

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 218

Ch: 3+180 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8 35 centerline: 3.2 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport 5000 allowance

Land owner Public Name: Plot - Total 5000 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8 Ch : 3+908 36 centerline: 3.3 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport 5000 allowance Land owner Public Name: Plot - Total 5000 Ch : 4+340 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-8 37 centerline: 3.1 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport 5000 allowance Land owner Name: Public Plot - Total 5000 Ch : 10+600 Structure No: Distance from Address : Palungtar Municipality-13, Aanppipal 42 centerline: 2.6 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total

Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House 100.98 100.98 1 9,810.87 990702.04 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Plot - Public Total 990702.039

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 219

Ch : 19+280 Structure No: Distance from Address : Chhoprak-1, Gorkha 87 centerline: 4.5 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House 42.94 42.94 1 9,810.87 421278.92 Tahara School Toilet Shed Building toilet wall Pali others Transport allowance Land owner Name: Chitre Pokhari Secondary School Plot - Public Total 421278.922 Ch: 18+540 Structure No: Distance from Address : Chhoprak,1 Citrepokhari. 120 centerline: 3.7 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House Tahara - Shed toilet wall Pali Water tank 162927.879 Transport allowance Land owner Public Name: Plot - Total 162927.879 Ch : 18+900 Structure No: Distance from Address : Chhoprak,1 Citrepokhari. 121 centerline: 3.0 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount

House Tahara - Shed toilet wall Pali Chautara 57,954.24 Transport allowance Land owner Name: Public Plot - Total 57954.24 Ch : 19+320 Structure No: Distance from Address : Chhoprak,1 Citrepokhari. 122 centerline: 3.0 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali Tap Stand 35000 Transport allowance Land owner Name: Public Plot - Total 35000

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 220

Ch: 20+400 Structure No: Distance from Address : Chhoprak,1 Citrepokhari. 123 centerline: 3.1 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House Tahara Shed - toilet wall Pali Chautara 57,954.24 Transport allowance Land owner Name: Public Plot - Total 57954.24 Ch : 20+740 Structure No: Distance from Address : Chhoprak,1 Tallo pam. 124 centerline: 2.7 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House Tahara Shed - toilet wall Pali Chautara 57,954.24 Transport allowance Business allowance Land owner Name: Public Plot - Total 57954.24 Ch : 20+490 Structure No: Distance from Address : Chhoprak,1 Tallo pam. 99 centerline: 2.7 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House Tahara Shed - toilet wall Pali Chautara 4,458.22 Transport allowance Business allowance Land owner Name:(Panchashil Mahila Samuha) Plot - Public Total 4458.215 Ch : 30+415 Structure No: Distance from Address : Nayagoan, Jaubari 5 117 centerline: 2.7 Storey Total Area ( Affected Storey Rate /Sqm Total Sqm) Area (Sqm) Amount House Tahara Shed - toilet wall Pali Tap 35,000.00 Transport allowance Business

allowance Land owner Name: Public Plot - Total 35000.00

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 221

Appendix XV: Photographs

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 222

Existing Condition of road

Settlement along the road

IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project, Gorkha 223