A Weekly Journal of the Mining and Mineral Industries

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Mineral Resources of Durango—Waterfalls in the Basaltic Country, Nombie de Dios Mining District

The Effect of Sizing a Copper Blast-Furnace Charge By Julius H. Gillis Mineral Resources of Durango, Mexico By Manuel Rangel and Alberto Terrenes ~ ' A Mining Odyssey Horace.V. Winchell makes d u u The FordneyTariff bill has .... r 1 By Edwin C. Holden j , tt -i r a spirited argument tor the passed the House with tew existing procedure in apex changes, although strongly litigation in ""fVhat Others ’ criticized,astold inT/f^A^t^j defending partisan- Biography of issue. Petroleum ship bn behalf of clients. Arthur S. Dwight • once more is on the free list. >■

■i

Vol. 112, No. 5

For Handling Tvjo S-A Traveling Grizzlies the Big Lumps Handling Ore.

The strenuous service that ore handling machinery is required to withstand makes necessary the extremely rugged construction which is found in S-A Equipment. Only machinery that is correctly designed and well built will give the successful results which are desired. The selection of materials entering into the manufacture of material handling machin¬ ery is as important as any other phase of the design. S-A engineers have experimented with cast iron, chilled iron, semi-steel, manganese steel and other alloys to determine their respective pro¬ perties as applied to conveying equipment.

The heavy dependable machinery that is so essential in the handling of ore is designed and built by S-A engineers. ENGINEERING COUNSEL Engineering is as vital to the success of our work as the fabri¬ cation of the machinery. IVeoAisoBuild Feeders Are you securing from S-A engineers the aid in preparing de¬ Pto Conveyors signs and solving conveying problems, which is available in any Bucket Elevatots of our branch sales offices? Screens Skip HoisiS Permit us to demonstrate and to actually produce the results Car Pullers which are possible thru the close co-operation between the cus¬ Fndion Hoists tomer and our engineering organization. Coal Crushers Portable Conveyors Catalog No. 26 Gives Detailed Data Concerning S-A Belt Conveyor Equipment S. B, SPURR F. E. WORMSER Editor En^ineerii^ €iitd W. N, P. REED G. J. YOUNG CLEVELAND ABBE. Jr. Western Editor Assistant liditors D. E. A. CHARLTON Managrins Editor Mininif Journal BENJAMIN L. MILLER A. H. HUBBELL ROBERT M. HAIG News Editor J. VOLNET LEWIS E. H. ROBIE A Weekly Journal of the Mining and Mineral Industries Special Metallurgical Editor METALS NON-METALS PETROLEUM Consulting EMitora

Volume 112 New York, July 30, 1921 Number 5

Against Engineer Licenses would make investors still more likely to make mistakes AS WE HAVE REPORTED in previous editorials, in their selection of engineering assistance than at the L. there have already been enacted, in a number of present time. states, laws requiring engineers to take out a license The theory of licensing proceeds from the assumption before they will be allowed to carry on their profession. that engineering is a profession analogous to medicine In many other states such legislation is proposed and is and the law. On the other hand, it has been acutely being pushed. The American Association of Engineers, pointed out that medicine deals with persons, and must a strong organization numerically, with chapters in exercise its skill in matters of life and death; and that many parts of the country, has been most active in part of the lawyer’s practice is also personal, and also pushing and securing this legislation. The American is called for suddenly in critical cases, in matters involv¬ Association is not an exclusive organization, but takes ing liberty and life. Some sort of quick, even though in the whole of the engineering fraternity, including crude, test must be available to distinguish those who surveyors, draftsmen, construction engineers, road have qualified by study and preparation and those who engineers, and the rest. It is an organization designed have not. Yet the test is not successful; and if you pick to increase the welfare of the engineer—quite frankly, a doctor or a lawyer blindly, without careful inquiry a sort of engineers’ union. and investigation, the chances are very good that you The more carefully selected and assorted engineering will have entrusted your health or your affairs to an societies, which are organized for technical purposes— ignoramus or a grafter. which the American Association is not—have not taken, The work of an engineer is not with persons but with on the whole, action or intelligent interest in this move¬ property, and he is not called upon for quick action ment, but it is significant and important for them. Some involving life or liberty; neither is the investor obliged time ago Engineering Council considered the matter, to call him on a moment’s notice. He has time to inves¬ and, we hear, were opposed to the principle; but, tigate his man; and he must do so regardless of whether granted that such licensing legislation would come to he is licensed or not. He may or may not be interested pass, the council drafted a model law for it. We think in his college training—probably not. He will be this was most unfortunate, for the general impression interested in knowing what he has done, what positions resulted that Engineering Council favored licensing, of trust he has held, and how he has acquitted himself. which we understand was not the fact. Much more He will want to know about his character. He will not fitting would it have been for Engineering Council to care about whether he has been licensed or not, for he have come out with its view, and stood fiat footed on it, will know, as in the case of doctors and lawyers, that for better or worse. Even the Federated American many will get under this particular wire, with whom he Engineering Societies has taken no position in the will have nothing to do. Engineering is a function of matter, and it was important that that body should make business; and a business man does not need to be its conclusions known. It was announced that the sub¬ licensed or pass an examination before he can practice. ject w'ould be gone into at the recent Chicago meeting, So important is this business element that many an but nothing came of it. engineer whose technical training has been none too Of the mining societies, the Mining and Metallurgical long, but whose commercial perceptions are well bal¬ Society of America has recently conducted a canvas of anced, is a safer investment and a better guide for the opinion among its members, and though the results have capitalist than some highly learned technical man who is not yet been given out, it is reported that the opinion short on common sense. was so overwhelmingly against the principle of licensing as to be almost unanimous. It is to be hoped that the A Buyers’ Market official report will soon appear. It is true that licensing URN where you will in the metal and mineral is already an established fact in a number of states, but markets, present prices are depressed. They are there are others where it can be defeated; and in those lower than for a number of years. It is an attractive states where it already exists it is possible to repeal an situation for the user of metals and minerals. Neverthe¬ unnecessary, harmful, and obnoxious law. The opinion less, the existing industrial depression is influencing of prominent mining engineers will have much weight, buyers more than it should. Apparently the future, once it is formulated and unified. embracing a two- or three-year period, is not receiving It is unlikely that licensing will so operate as to raise the consideration that it merits. The immediate present the standard of the practicing engineer, or exclude any is controlling the situation too greatly, in our judgment. who are not thoroughly prepared. Under the law, it will A similar situation exists in the market for mining be necessary to be so perfunctory in the granting of properties. Owners offer very favorable terms and are licenses that the license will serve rather as a badge willing to negotiate on a much more reasonable basis of respectability for the unfit than a guarantee of the than during the flush period when prices for prospects quality of those who are qualified. Such a condition and partly developed properties were inflated. The 161 162 Engineering and Mining Journal Vol. 112, No. 5 present is distinctly a buyers’ market for mineral prop¬ held by the higher court. If the court reverses the erties in the United States, Mexico, and elsewhere. decision, other indictments are possible. But so are Depression in mining is widespread, but it’s an ill other certificates of reasonable doubt in case of other wind that blows nobody good. Astute engineers are convictions, to say nothing of other appeals. And so cruising about and taking advantage of the existing on ad infinitum. You can’t keep a good swindler down conditions. It is unlikely that they will continue for a when there is a public that needs trimming. In the great length of time. Although capital is hard to get, public interest this case should be settled without future opportunities for its remunerative employment further delay. can be secured on more favorable terms now than later. The wolf may be looking in at the door of the mining The. Census Statistics engineer in some instances, but it is equally true that HE MINING STATISTICS gathered by the Bureau opportunity is also looking in at the same time. Faith of the Census ten years ago were freely criticized, in the substantial character of American industry and the Engineering and Mining Journal being among those in the mining industry in particular is eminently justi¬ publications which appraised them as being of no par¬ fied, and will bring its reward to those who have it. ticular value. The advance sheets of the present cen¬ sus are beginning to appear. These consist of prelim¬ inary statements as to the mining and quarrying enter¬ The Awakening prises of the various states. The items on which figures HE PUBLIC seems to be awakening to the fact have been gathered for 1919, as compared with 1909, are: that George Graham Rice is not in jail after all. Number of Enterprises; Number of Mines and Quarries; It is true that, after a criminal has been sentenced, he Persons Engaged (proprietors and firm members total, rarely is of further interest to reporters. He is soon number performing manual labor in or about the mines forgotten and generally remains so. But Rice’s recent and quarries, salaried employees, wage earners average activity has brought him once more into the limelight. number, wage earners total, above ground and below As one reads the facts of his career, with particular ground) ; Power Used; Capital; Principal Expenses attention to those events that have marked it in the (salaries, wages, contract work, supplies and materials, last eighteen months, several things astonish. A jury fuel and power, royalties and rents, taxes); Value has held Rice to be a crook—a thief—on more than one of Products. Here is a set of figures, certainly; but occasion. On Jan. 29 last year he was sentenced in the point is, what useful purpose do they serve? Of New York to three years in Sing Sing prison, as we what use is it to know the “total number of mines and recently recalled in another editorial. But he speedily quarries” in Connecticut as compared with Minnesota? secured his release upon a certificate of reasonable Is it not like giving us the total number of “woodchucks doubt, and since then has been at liberty pending his and Plymouth Rock hens” in these respective states? appeal. From time to time his lawyer has managed to If we knew how many iron mines, copper mines, marble secure an extension of the time in which he had to quarries and similar establishments, the information prepare his argument, this leniency being shown, it is would be of value. It is difficult to see why money said, more on the lawyer’s behalf than for the client’s should be wasted on mere figures. Metal mining, coal sake. mining, non-metallic mining and quarrying are all What honest man would have business dealings of any lumped together in these statistics. sort whatever with a person in such a predicament? The only measure of the quantity of material pro¬ The adage of the dog that was licked for being in bad duced by these mines and quarries is given, not in actual company is familiar. There has been no secrecy about measures of weight or volume, but as “value of prod¬ Rice’s conviction and sentence nor about his previous ucts.” As the value depends on immensely fluctuating career. No one can plead ignorance. Yet the facility prices, this information conveys no clear idea of the with which he has been able to secure acquiescence to status even of this waste-basket grouping of “Mines his scheming in Reno, San Francisco, and more recently and Quarries.” For example, the value of Minnesota’s in Salt Lake is simply amazing. When recently the products of this type in 1919 was 122 per cent greater State Securities Commission in Utah granted the than in 1909—a great increase, whether it was in iron Bingham-Galena Mining Co. a stock-selling permit over or sandstone, or in both combined. But the total num¬ many protests, made because of Rice’s connection with ber of persons engaged in 1919 was practically the same the company, the reason was said to be that a majority as in 1909; and the horsepower used was somewhat less of the members of the Salt Lake Stock Exchange in 1919 than in 1909. Which leaves any concrete fact favored the granting of the permit. Why? Presum¬ whatever a deep, dark mystery. ably because Rice is known to be a good manipulator Cannot Mr. Hoover break away from the old and dis¬ and because stocks with which he is connected, how¬ credited tradition of the Census Bureau, and secure ever rotten they may be. usually enjoy for a time a separate figures of the separate mining industries, and sensational rise. This means money for the brokers the products measured in ounces, pounds, or tons? He and speculators. But it looks pretty bad for the mem¬ can also economize by omitting some of the meaningless bers of the exchange, especially in view of the fact that headings—such as the total of “principal expenses,” and a warrant has just been issued for Rice’s arrest in how much of this went for “royalties and rents,” and California. how much for “contract work.” Will anybody ever use The argument on appeal from Rice’s conviction in this data, or be interested in it: or is it possible to New York for grand larceny must be made, it is said, derive any information from it? The Government within the next three months. There is a limit to every¬ spends a lot of money automatically and by precedent thing. But Rice has undoubtedly made quite a re¬ and tradition, without much thought as to its utility, spectable killing since his conviction, enough no doubt where in private business these items of expenditure to enable him to retire for three years at least, even would be closely scrutinized, and the useless ones though it be to Sing Sing in case his sentence is up¬ eliminated. July 30, 1921 Engineering and Mining Journal 163

What Others Think

A Defense of Apex Procedure declares that they (the geologists) and their technical theories are no more necessary than the proverbial In reading recent editorials and articles in the mining fifth wheel of a coach.” No such language appears in journals, and particularly in the one published in San the judge’s opinion. Mr. Parsons says that “The reader Francisco, the query naturally arises whether the is not only at liberty, but is urged, to season any state¬ authors are inspired chiefly by ignorance, by prejudice, ment with as much salt as he wishes.” I know of no or by downright disingenuousness. The latest outburst salt, not even chloride of lime, which could possibly is replete with examples of all three. One hardly knows season such an unsavory falsehood. whether to take them seriously or as a joke, but many 4. Mr. Parsons displays equal ignorance and prejudice intelligent people are not so conversant with the details in discussing the Elm Orlu case. His discussion is too of technical subjects as to be able at a glance to detect long for repetition, but he errs in saying that the Pyle sophistry and inaccurate statements, and may thus be and other so-called branch veins were barren stringers infected with the views insidiously and apparently with and had never been mined. The fact is that the Pyle deliberate purpose instilled into this malicious prop¬ vein was discovered by the Butte & Superior Co. branch¬ aganda. ing upward from one of that company’s stopes on the An extended discussion in a recent issue of the Min¬ Rainbow Vein. It was from ten to sixteen feet wide ing and Scientific Press by A. B. Parsons is so full of and was mined upward by Butte & Superior until it was misstatements and is aimed so directly at me and some found that its apex would be in the Elm Orlu, when the of my friends that it demands refutation and reply. I work was discontinued. shall discuss some of these statements seriatim. And not content with misrepresenting facts, Mr. Par¬ 1. Mr. Parsons starts out by saying that Judge Bol¬ sons proceeds to state that on the day before the “unex¬ linger, in the recent decision in the Tom Reed-United pected denouement” of settlement. Judge Bourquin asked Eastern case, “declared in no equivocal terms that, a question which one of the attorneys for Senator Clark though highly interesting and illuminating, the theories “was afraid to let develop,” and insinuates that there¬ advanced in the testimony of a dozen ‘eminent geologists upon the Clark interests hastily sought and concluded a and mining engineers’ were of negligible value in assist¬ compromise. The facts are that the compromise was ing him to arrive at a conclusion on the issues involved.” first suggested by attorneys for the Butte & Superior A careful perusal of the judge’s opinion will show that and had many times been under serious consideration, he said nothing of the sort. His precise language is and on the last occasion for more than a week before as follows: “This case must be decided from a practical the denouement. viewpoint as the miners find conditions in the ground 5. Not content with misrepresenting facts, Mr. Par¬ today, or it must be decided upon the theories and testi¬ sons next proceeds to impugn the good faith and cast mony of geologists in accordance with conditions as they aspersions on the character of those who act as expert existed many thousands or millions of years ago. If the witnesses in apex litigation. “A witness usually knows decision be based upon the theory and testimony of the little of the detailed geology of the mines when he is geologists it seems to me that no mining location in retained; and (that) although provision is always made the Oatman district could be secure or valid. . for withdrawal from the case in the event that the We are reliably informed by geologists that this north¬ expert cannot conscientiously support the position taken, west section of Arizona, including the San Francisco no such withdrawals are on record.” mining district and Oatman, experienced at some time Wrong again, and on both counts! A witness is gen¬ in the past a great upheaval and sank about six thousand erally selected for the very reason of his familiarity feet. With this in mind, the court is compelled to view with the mine in question, and many instances of subse¬ this case from a practical standpoint and adopt the views quent withdrawal “are on record.” Of course, Mr. Par¬ of the practical miners, and view the conditions as they sons may not have the record. We do not all report to are today and as they were when the rights of all parties the press as faithfully as no doubt they would like; but herein were acquired.” (The italics are mine.) what difference would that make? Our motives would The decision thus really follows the arguments and still be misunderstood and we should in that case prob¬ adopts the conclusions of the geologists who described ably be accused of having sold out to the opposition. the complex geological history prior to faulting and who 6. Coming back to Kingman: Mr. Parsons’ foot themselves pointed out the necessity for a decision of slipped a little. He says that Judge Bollinger “does not the issues in accordance with the structure as it is today. presume to Question the ability of geologists ncr the 2. Mr. Parsons proceeds with the assertion that “His accuracy of their observations; he is convinced that Honor certainly ought to know whereof he speaks; the their conclusions are sound.” He then goes on to say ‘eminent’ gentlemen had devoted several weeks exclu¬ that the judge “frankly ignored geologic history and sively to the task of enlightening him.” The fact is that based his decision on conditions as the miners find them the hearing consumed less than seven days, having be¬ in the ground today. There was no conflict between the gun on Monday, Nov. 8, and finished on Monday, Nov. 15. statements of the geologists who testified for both sides Within that time there were one Sunday and one half in so far as matters of physical fact were concerned.” holiday, Armistice Day, when no court was held. It has already been shown by the judge’s own lan¬ 3. Mr. Parsons states that Judge Bollinger “frankly guage that he did not “frankly ignore geologic history,” 164 Engineering and Mining Journal VoL 112, No. 5 but understood and accepted it, and for that very reason, owns that ore.” Does he seek the opinion of “a few and in accord with the views of geologists, rendered his practical miners” ? He hurriedly wires some of his min¬ decision. Surely Mr. Parsons was surprised and disap¬ ing friends who have passed through apex litigation pointed to find such harmony in the testimony of oppos¬ fevers themselves and asks them to furnish the names ing geologists, for of a certain subject matter do not six of a few of the best counselors in such matters. And always swear that it is black and six white? It must when these men come they study the situation with the be so, for it is so written by the editor of this same greatest care, paying the most scrupulous attention to critical journal. details. The property’s history, discovery, location, sur¬ 7. Other insinuations of a derogatory and scurrilous vey, patent, development, production, geology, and min¬ nature abound in the emissions of Mr. Parsons. He says, eralogy are combed for pertinent facts. Information of for example, that “the witnesses for the United Eastern great importance is frequently developed which had been side of the suit may seek to derive some small crumbs of entirely overlooked by the managers and engineers comfort from the fact that the recent decision favored whose business lies in operation and not in apex liti¬ the company on whose payroll they happened to be.” gation. And often the engineer says: “Without devel¬ The size and sustaining power of these “crumbs of com¬ opment I cannot state positively who owns that ore— fort” will be appreciated when it is known that several and it may be the necessary development will be exten¬ of the United Eastern witnesses refused to accept re¬ sive and require months or years to complete.” tainers from the Tom Reed company, one of them long If the amount at stake justifies the estimated cost prior to his engagement by the United Eastern and after of the investigation, the work is laid out by the consult¬ an examination of the mines in question. ing engineer. Maps, cross-sections and study models are But perhaps enough has been said to show the exist¬ prepared, and the mines are given additional study. Old ence of some peculiar animus behind the sinister attacks levels and raises are opened, old shafts repaired in the which from time to time appear in “the little volcano of search for information which was once readily avail¬ journalism published on the Pacific Coast.” Its moving able, but not recorded or preserved by any competent spirit himself frequently remarks that “an editor must observer. At length the time arrives when Smith’s engi¬ be possessed of a demon of criticism,” and it appears neer or geologist can express an opinion. If the work that in this case the baleful demonic influence has taken has demonstrated to his satisfaction that Smith is the possession of the entire force between the editor and owner of the orebodies in question, he will recommend the printer’s devil, and is now seeking to inspire the preparation for trial, and this work may consume many readers of the journal. more months of time and cost additional thousands or Really, what is the use of such diatribes? Does any¬ tens of thousands of dollars. But he proceeds with the one think for a moment that they will in the slightest conviction that law and equity are with his employer and degree alter long-established court procedure ? Is human that Jones’ attack is without legal or geological justifi¬ nature to be changed by the homilies or philippics of cation. Of course, he becomes partisan. He has looked even the most prosaic or vitriolic copy manufacturer? into every phase of the matter; he has tested his theo¬ Suppose Jones, an individual or a mining company, ries by costly development; he understands the .struc¬ hopes that bodies of ore exploited by another individual ture and vein systems; he is familiar with the provisions or corporation may possibly, with sufficient development and the meaning of the apex law, and he hopes and ex¬ or under the proper construction of the mining law, pects to make so clear its application to the particular prove to be his property. What is he to do about it? Is suit in hand that his client’s rights will be vindicated. he likely to refer the matter to some shift boss or fore¬ No witness who, after such a thorough study and man with little knowledge of geologic structure and analysis of a complex situation, would not strive to up¬ none whatever of mining law, or shall he employ some¬ hold his beliefs and conclusions would be honest with one of experience and reputation in those two special himself or his employer, or have a drop of red blood lines of study? Apex litigation is admittedly expensive, in his veins. It would not matter one iota whether he and Jones will hesitate to incur the expense of under¬ were the only witness or adviser and had been appointed ground development and of preparation until he is as¬ by the court. The attorneys for the contesting parties sured by some person in whom he has confidence that would urge their respective theories upon the court and he can probably prevail in legal proceedings. Sometimes the sole witness would just as manfully adhere to his Jones is stubborn and unduly optimistic or carried away convictions and conclusions. by cupidity, and rushes into litigation contrary to the Under the provisions of our apex law, litigation will recommendation and opinions of his advisers. Some¬ inevitably from time to time arise over the ownership times he is misled by the optimism of his attorneys, of valuable ore deposits. Both claimants will require or by his own engineers. But the prudent man will seek ihe studies and opinions of the ablest engineers and the best advice obtainable and will not go counter geologists before deciding in their own minds whether thereto. to compromise or fight to a finish. The men employed Now consider Smith, an individual or corooration, by both sides will pursue their investigations conscien¬ who has been mining and extracting ore which he has tiously in a scientific spirit of research. If they become always looked upon as his property, and whose title no¬ convinced of the righteousness of their client’s cause, body has ever questioned. Suddenly he is advised that they will later espouse it in court with their utmost his neighbor Jones asserts an adverse interest in and to ability. I repel with indignation the imputation that the said ore, and intends not only to take away the they are and must of necessity be placed in an “equivo¬ right of possession but to compel Smith to pay over the cal position” in the matter. Such imputations are net or gross, or twice or thrice the gross value of the gratuitous insults to men of highest moral character ore already mined. Is Smith now likely to say to the and emanate usually from unfair, biased, and unin¬ mule skinner or the shift boss or the surveyor or the formed minds, and are an evidence first of ignorance foreman who has been taking out the ore claimed by and second of sordid and suspicious natures. Jones, “Go to the mine today. Bill, and find out who Minneapolis, Minn. Horace V. Winchell. July 30, 1921 Engineering and Mining Journal 165

Concerning the Petroleum Supply able individuals, who will circulate the misstatements therein contained, and it is my purpose to call your In a recent editorial you were kind enough to credit attention to such, and I expect you to publish this the U. S. Geological Survey with successful service in letter taking exception to the article, and the privilege informing the country as to the petroleum situation. given to writers of this man’s view point, and from The purpose of our fact-finding has been to furnish the you, an expression as to whether the mining industry basis of truth for the guidance of national policy. Pos¬ producing the very minerals your correspondent calls sibly, however, the plain statements of the statistics of attention to, as those which should be exempted from production, consumption, stocks, and reserves of petro¬ tariff protection, express the views of the “Largest leum or any other mineral fail in part to guide us— Circulation of Any Mining and Metal Journal in the because the impressive strings of figures are not readily World” that is the Engineering and Mining Journal. understood. It is perhaps more easy to talk millions The writer of this article makes an untrue statement than to think millions. when he accuses all the “pleaders” that have filed briefs In a column of Wall Street news recently I noted with the committee on tariffs for minerals, ores, and these words: “The existing surplus of crude in this the products from such, as giving “highly colored state¬ country would soon be corrected.” Irrespective of the ments” as to the facts they wish to present, and in so context of this reference to stocks of petroleum, the many words your correspondent says that all or prac¬ question may be raised. Is there a surplus to correct? tically all such statements are lies, made to deceive the In the latest monthly report of the U. S. Geological committee. He takes particular pains to plead for the Survey, Mr. Richardson stated that the total stocks of “Americans” living and owning mining property in crude, both domestic and Mexican, held in this country foreign countries, and especially calls attention to the aggregated 155,000,000 bbl., the greatest stocks on fact that were the tariff as asked for be put into’effect, record. But this supply is sufficient for only 115 days it would seriously hinder and prevent the sale of their at the country’s rate of consumption in May—^which was products in our markets. Now the writer of this let¬ abnormally low—so that the real test is whether a 115 ter is a producer of “Arsenic White” made from mis- days’ supply of this most essential raw material affords pickel, and Enargite, both of which ores carry a good more than a safe margin. Is there too great a surplus? value in gold, silver, copper and ARSENIC. It is un¬ Figured in terms of consumption, the total stocks of necessary to state here in detail, that it is practically crude oil in this country outside the refineries on Dec. impossible to secure a market for these ores, as mined, 31 last amounted to only eighty days’ supply at the therefore we have built at great cost a mill for the average daily rate of consumption for the year. By purpose of beneficiating such, and have with several correcting the gross stocks in other years so that they others filed a brief asking protection for these mines are fairly comparable with the net stocks as now re¬ and industries, and have not lied about the costs or ported, we find that the corresponding measure of crude statements we have presented. oil in pipe-line and tank-farm storage at the end of It is not at all “difficult for the committee” as stated 1915 was 190 days’ supply; 1916, 162 days; 1917, 122 by your correspondent to arrive at just rates in the days; 1918, 95 days; 1919, 99 days. No more signifi¬ new tariff measure, when viewed from the standpoint cant commentary on petroleum supply and demand is of American basis of wages and living conditions, for needed than the fact that the present 115 days’ stock the employees of such mines and metallurgical works, slightly exceeds in number of barrels the 190 days’ and when the costs for such labor and the materials supply on hand Dec. 31, 1915, after the flood of Cushing necessary to carry on these industries are taken into oil. What was then more than enough for six months consideration especially at this time, it is a marvel of is now less than enough for four months. efliciency for the operators of these mines, and works, Washington, D. C. George Otis Smith. and were it not for the high efficiency of the labor we use, and the methods created in our works and at the The Tariff Advocate Speaks mines, every mine and works of the kind which are The article written for the Engineering and Min¬ producing the very minerals your Mr. Marc Pawl states ing Journal by Marc Pawl must have been intended should be dumped on our markets duty free, would be as the creator of this remarkable effusion remarks a closed down. As it is, practically all the copper mines “grime pleasantry,” for if not so intended then the are closed down, as well as the lead mines, and zinc E and M Journal can not be what it purpohts to be, mines and works. Every Tungsten mill and mine is “A Weekly Journal of the Mining and Mineral In¬ closed down, and in your issue of the 18th, you so state, dustries” supposedly of the United States of Amer¬ and call attention to the fact that during the past year ica. This article was written as stated at the heading there was imported sufficient ore from China to last for your gaper, therefore expresses the papers policy the countries requirements for the next three years. Of so far as the Tariff on Minerals is concerned, and as course the men who built the Tungsten mills and opened this article is clearly the expression of a “Wilson Free the mines of the country during the war should have Trade” and tariff for Revenue only Democrat, therefore no consideration whatever, they are expected by this also pro-English at the countries expense no matter pro-English writer (and your paper concurs in the what effect it may have on the United States indus¬ policy,) of no future protection for their investment, tries, the readers must come to the conclusion that and should loose what they put into this industry, for such is the policy of the Engineering and Mining Jour¬ the benefit of the Chinese, who under the Wilson free nal, and if this be true, we of the western states of trade policy, shut down every Antimony mine and works America will cease to subscribe and read this paper. in the entire United States, as will be the case of every i If this article was intended as a “Joke” it is published other mine and mill of whatever nature, if your policy I at a time that is likely to do infinite harm, for it may is adoped. No consideration is given or thought of, fall into the hands of unthinking and very impression¬ other than the “American” oveners living abroad, none 166 Engineering and Mining Journal Vol. 112, No. 5 is given for the millions of men now out of work, or the we have under cover until such time. In all the list men who went to Europe to perputate the policy of given by this gentleman, we produced very little, and the English, for free trade for their.little island, so it was not thought possible to meet the demands for as to give the privileged classes there the greatest such, until we were given the chance, and given this purchasing power for their money, irrespective of we produced all that was required, and it now seems what pauperizing results will follow, for their own to be feared we will continue to do so, unless we adopt working classes, and your paper prints such stuff, ex¬ the Wilson pro-English policy, and throw open our pecting to continue the support of the American min¬ markets, ruin our mine owners and laborers, and adopt ing industry, its working men, operators, and supply a free trade policy, so as to benefit Mr. Marc Pawl and manufacturers. I had the privilege of operating in his English friends, concurred in by the Engineering the Orient, and have lived under the cross of St. George, and Mining Journal. E. H. Wedekind, Gen Mgr., and know where of I speak, and it is this. If the same Toulon Mills Co. policy were expressed in the “Tight Little Island” Bx. 758, Lovelock, Nev. that is in operation in every English colony, and in all the territory they have annexed the world over, Revision of the Mining Laws Submitted of protection to the HOME manufacturer, the millions To Congress of idle men there would be employed, and this develish war would never have happened, much referred to by Now that the Congressional committees on Mines and your Mr. Marc Pawl. The plea made that by being Mining have received a suggested draft of a bill for re¬ compelled to purchase the American produced ores vision of the mining law, prepared by a committee ap¬ and products made from such by the American manu¬ pointed by the Bureau of Mines in 1917 and supposed facturer, will add to the cost by the American con¬ to embrace amendments conforming to the wishes of sumer, all of which is absolutely erroneous, and is not the mining industry, it may be advisable to discuss true, for it is a well recognized fact, known to every various phases of suggested changes. purchaser of home made products, the raw material It is apparent that there are, apart from the apex for which was never lower than it is now, and we law, which has caused much litigation and should be are paying the same prices we paid during the war. abolished, two distinct points of weakness in the de¬ Instance any manufactured article made from copper, velopment of mineral claims. lead, zinc, and all the metals in the Pawl list, and it In regard to unpatented mining ground, large areas is also a well known fact that not only at present is are held without sufficient work being done to develop this true, but has been so for years past, due to the prospects, and the same applies to patented mining fact that there is a low standard figure, higher than claims, the holders of which pay the taxes without ever any imported article, no matter what the labor costs attempting to do any legitimate mining. and material may be. This is rightfully so, and we Limiting a prospector or owner of unpatented min¬ all expect it, and are able and willing to pay it, and do ing claims to a period of five years to make a dis¬ not want to be compared to the cheap European and covery, and allowing him to hold the ground for a Oriental sales prices and costs of manufacture. It further period, not exceeding five years, by payment of look verj’’ much as though Mr. Marc Pawl were plead¬ $5 an acre per year in advance, is decidedly an unjust ing the cause of the “Americans and All others abroad” provision, as it has frequently taken fifteen to twenty for the privilage of the American Market, and the years or more to make discoveries of actual value, and American dollar, the only stable currency in the world this only by good fortune and a vast amount of hard to day, and your paper publishes this argument? work and grief. The owner of unpatented mining Of course we have more concern for the well being ground should file a sworn statement as to the amount of the Chinese, who receive in one year, about what of work done annually and a description of that work; one of our men gets for half a shift. We are expected in doing so he would protect himself against the jump¬ to subscribe to the argument as published “Tariff on ing of his claim and show his good faith and his inten¬ Minerals” by Mr. Marc Pawl, to the same extent in tion to develop the property. labor, and import this also, so as to allow the home Idle patented mining claims in the heart of the West¬ consumer to obtain the metals he has listed, cheap, ern mineral zones have been the bane of every dis¬ which would be the case were we to pay what the trict. Thousands of acres, patented under too liberal Chinamen gets, the same for the pauper ridden laborers laws or interpretation of the same, are held by defunct of Europe, Mexico, South America, and the w'orld mining companies or estates of speculators and in¬ over, for our mines are the equal of any of these, and vestors. Such claims should be returned to the public better than most, but were we to pay the same scale domain ten years after the issuing of a patent, unless of wages, we also could afford to sell at the prices these a sworn statement has been filed, proving the extent people are willing to sell for, and get the only real of legitimate mining and development in this period of money in the world to day. If this be done, we would time and verified by the state mine inspector. be as cheap as they are and as Mr. Marc Paul is. Some The provision that one discovery is sufficient to sup¬ months since your paper also printed an article on port the holding and patenting of a maximum of 160 Antimony, and stated that this country was unable to acres in contiguous claims, either four full claims or produce in any sense whatever, the antimony required sixteen ten-acre claims, is good. Another provision for home use. Such statements are absolutely untrue, seems to offset this improvement by requiring an ex¬ for the state of Nevada, can and will produce all the penditure upon each claim of $20 per acre. If the work antimony the industries in our country can possibly is to be done on one discovery and considered valid use, and still have some left for posterity, which Mr. to patent 160 acres in contiguous claims, the require¬ Marc Pawl is so fearful will be left out in the cold. He ment of expending $20 per acre in work or cash before also fears there will be another war, and therefore we patenting will not coincide with the first provision. “Boob” American may be made to keep the resources The provision in the new laws as proposed, that final July 30, 1921 Engineering and Mining Journal 167 entry and payment for all mining claims shall be made aid in the looting of American mines and American within seven years from the date of the original loca¬ stockholders of American copper mines. Where is the tion, except in the case of extension of the exploring “democratic government” under such conditions ? Rush¬ right, when twelve years is allowed, should be elimi¬ ing to a government of co-operative organizations and nated, as few owners of unpatented mining ground are protective associations. able to pay for the expense of patenting, and should Why should tenants be forced to organize, tax them¬ not lose seven or more years of endeavor because they selves, employ counsel, and assume the burden of ex¬ have not sufficient funds to acquire title. posing and breaking down criminal combinations? The proposition of establishing a special fund known Where in natural sequence is an'organization of Ameri¬ as the mineral development fund is good, and a levy of can copper consumers for the protection of their in¬ $1 annually per claim from owners of patented and dustry against the American-financed foreign copper unpatented mining property for experimental purposes, manufacturing industry? Are there no forces in the for instance, would not cause any hardship and would United States Government to offset these conditions? be of value to the mining industry. A. T. Roos. Or, are the inherent forces subserviently controlled Deadwood, S. D. under the subtle “prevention of unbridled speculation”? The summer is passing; winter looms before the idle Foreign vs. Domestic Business laborer and operative. On what are we waiting? Ad¬ In Engineering and Mining Journal of Feb. 12, 1921, justment of European conditions? A pipe dream! there appeared an editorial under the heading “Could There is plenty waiting the doing here at home if we Brass Prices Be Reduced?” In the same issue appears but turn our eyes toward the United States, loosen up a communication by Mark R. Lamb on “Credit Condi¬ the money for domestic use, at reasonable rates, and tions.” Since then we have noted the formation of a get to work. The housing industry alone is no small $40,000,000 corporation to finance “credit conditions” item. Get off Europe and Europe’s affairs. They can for the shipment of cheap American copper to Europe, be taken care of without concentration to the exclusion and, in the current daily press, “Western Bankers of home affairs. Oppose Eastern Bankers,” in the policy of the latter in With the wheels of home industry turning, cheap financing Europe vs. America along many other lines. copper manufactured at home and supplying the home In the meantime, and at present, American industry is at market, and other raw products the same, there will a standstill, factories and operatives are idle, mines are be less time to worry over foreign exchange and for¬ shut down, and no money is available (in these United eign markets. Time, and time only, will take care of States) with which to “start something.” that situation. “A watched pot never boils.” Let us An anomalous situation exists in the face of the turn our backs to the Atlantic and “keep the home fires facts. More money in the United States than in any burning.” Then we will be better able to aid Europe, other country; more coming in all the time; unconscion¬ and with better grace. L. S. Ropes. able reserves in the Federal Reserve banks and raw Helena, Mont. materials down to bedrock prices. In the face of these conditions, philanthropic (?) financial interests are The Cottrell Process for Phosphoric- breaking their necks to shuffle off our low-priced raw materials on foreign countries—to come back in cheaply Acid Recovery manufactured form, in competition—to the impoverish¬ In a recent article on the Cottrell process, by Strauss ment of the American producer, loss to direct labor, L. Lloyd, in Engineering and Mining Journal of April and, incident to this last, loss to manufacturers and 23, reference is made to the use of the Cottrell electrical producers of ordinary necessities, to say nothing of precipitation processes in connection with the electric semi-luxuries. furnace reduction of phosphate rock. The attitude of the Western bankers is well taken in The data given on the Cottrell processes apply to a their opposition to Eastern activities to do everything dust and fume problem in a large metallurgical plant. for the foreign manufacturer. Mr. Lamb points out Inasmuch as the Cottrell installation at this plant was the blind subserviency to foreign interests. Between one of the earliest, the data given hardly apply to any his lines there is a world of inference as to the domes¬ recent commercial applications, particularly for the tic customer. recovery of phosphoric acid. This is a democratic government, in name at least. For phosphoric-acid recovery a precipitator of the Mr. Lamb says, “The United States Government will pipe type must be used, and it must be constructed of not grant further credits to foreign governments.” acid-proof materials. The pipes are usually of stone¬ Will the United States Government, through the oper¬ ware or tile, and the connecting chambers are con¬ ations of the Federal Reserve banks, and reasonable structed of acid-proof brick. The high-tension elec¬ discount rates, grant credits to domestic business? A trodes are made of special metal alloys to withstand democratic form of government? Recently we have the action of phosphoric acid. seen the “Protective Association of Tenants” organ¬ The dust precipitator described by Mr. Lloyd is no ized to protect themselves from the greed of the land¬ longer in operation. It was installed over ten years ago, lords, building trades, labor organizations and what¬ and the plant in which it was used has been shut down not; Western bankers in organized opposition to ex¬ for almost ten years. The design described is entirely ploiting American industries for the benefit of the for¬ obsolete. Modern installations are operated at 50,000 to eign manufacturer and selfish ends of so-called Ameri¬ 60,000 volts. The cost figures given are incomplete, can interests. and are not indicative of present conditions. Take the copper situation. For a generation the New York, N. Y. P. E. Landolt. foreign manufacturer has profited when American Manager, Commercial Dept., Research Corporation. copper sold for less than it cost to produce it, and now, [Note—Mr. Lloyd published a correction in the En¬ patriotic, American (?) financial interests organize to gineering and Mining Journal of July 16.—Editor.] Mineral Resources of Durango

State Regarded as One of Richest in Mexico—Silver, Gold, Lead, And Copper Abundant—Quidcsilver, Antimony, Tin, Sulphur, Iron Ore and Construction Materials Also Found in Quantity

By Manuel Rangel and Alberto Terrones Written for Engineering and Mining Journal Durango has long been considered one of the the abundance in depth of galena and copper sulphides richest mining states of Mexico. Mines have has rendered them unsuitable for such treatment. In been operated in all the thirteen districts in the Inde district are the Agua and Gran Lucero which the state was politically divided. Most of these antiguas. mines have been in operation until a comparatively The first mines discovered in the Mapimi district recent date, and in olden times some were famous were La Guadalupana, La Colorada, and Animas. The for their abundant production and rich ores. The fol- Temeras mine, in the Cuencame district, now operated lowing are instances of famous old mines: Socavon, by the American Smelting & Refining Co., is famous or Mina Grande de Avino, in San Juan del Rio district, for its uninterrupted output of uniform ores. In Topia, Its owner, Francisco de Ibarra, was the founder of the Tamazula, and Otaez, a great number of veins were dis- city of Durango. This remarkable mine has been a covered long before the city of Durango was founded, constant producer since 1563. Its ores in the upper 400 years ago. Late in the eighteenth century the zones were amenable to amalgamation, but at present San Dimas, La Puerta, and Guarisamey mines were

I July 30, 1921 Engineering and Mining Journal 169 discovered. In Guarisamey the Tecolota mine made its seen. Apatite, or rather its variety known as “asparagus owner, Juan Jose Zambrano, the richest man of his stone,” is disseminated in the mountain, specially in day. After San Dimas and Guarisamey, the Gavilanes the cave called Cueva de los Biriles. It appears in mines were discovered, which were as rich as those at hexagonal crystals of a yellow or a yellow greenish Guarisamey. These mines are remarkable on account color, and has been improperly called hiriL, a corruption of their ores consisting of native silver and argentite of beryl. in a quartz gangue, and they have been producing The continuation of the iron deposit is marked on since 1786. Finally, the Vacas mine, in the Parilla the country rock (rhyolite) by wide impregnation zones camp in the Nombre de Dios district, caved and aban¬ of a deep red color and by numerous red and crimson doned for a number of years, was afterward worked veins of ocher and argillaceous hematite, locally used with success until about thirty years ago. This mine in painting (almagre). Some other places in the state has not been bottomed yet. are noted for the existence of well-defined iron veins; The lack of modern machinery, principally for for instance, near Sierra de Yerbanis, at a point called pumping, has been the main reason why most of the Minillas, where hematite and magnetite occur. Hem¬ old mines have had to shut down, even when in bonanza. atite is again found in veins at La Fortune mine, in Very old caved workings with high-grade ores are of the Mezquital district; at San Francisco, in El Oro dis¬ common occurrence in the district. Also, the old trict, and at Sierra de Cacaria, where it is associated “Castilian” furnace and amalgamation were the only with cassiterite. treatment processes known in the early day in Mexico, Generally, it is common to find iron oxides mixed and as it generally happened that the mineralization with the quartz gangue (gossan) in the outcrops and changed with depth, as the oxidation zone was bot- in the oxidation zone of nearly all the veins. In the-

CERRO DEL MERCADO. A MOUNTAIN OP IRON ORE NEAR DURANGO CITY, DURANGO

tomed, such treatment became unsuitable. The mines Viva Juarez vein, at San Bernardo, in El Oro district,, were therefore abandoned, even if possessing very rich the gangue is practically hematite. At the Canelas; ores. mines, in the Tamazula district, there are veins in The operation of mines hitherto unprofitable is now which oligist presents itself. At Ascobar, near made possible by the present transportation facilities; Tepehuanes, the veins, running high in silver, abound the use of modern labor-saving machinery; the use of in hematite and limonite. Magnetite occurs in El Pros- the latest explosives; and the recent development of pecto mine, in the Inde district. At some mines of the ore-treatment processes. Two factors may further Mapimi district not only iron oxides but also sulphides encourage mining in the state; namely, the construc¬ and sulpharsenites are present in the veins. Turgite tion of railroads to the principal mining districts and is found at Ojuela. Frequently, iron oxides are asso¬ the erection of modern mills. ciated with manganese oxide in the outcrops or in the oxidation zones of the veins, thus forming what is com¬ Huge Tonnage of Iron Ore in Cerro del Mercado— monly called colorados, negros, quemazones, or other Wolframite and Manganese native designation, sometimes rich in silver and gold. In the following paragraphs we have endeavored to They are used as flux. give a general description of the mineral resources of Wolframite is found in the Tungsteno mine, near Durango: Penon Blanco, in the Cuencam6 district, where it is About two kilometers north of the city of Durango, associated with gold; and it also occurs in Sierra de there is a remarkable iron deposit called Cerro del San Francisco, at the Coneto mines, especially in the Mercado. This consists of hematite in compact granu¬ San Juan del Rio district. lar masses, with fractures caused by contraction. In As already stated, manganese is commonly associated several parts beautiful martite octahedrons can be seen. with iron in the outcrops of the veins and in their Hematite is found in small quantities in the northern oxidation zones. Some deposits are found, however, part of the mountain in a place called Cueva del Iman in which manganese appears in the form of pyrolusite (Magnet Cave). Specular iron and the variety called veins like that of Cerro Santiago, near Juan P6rez, in micaceus oligist are found in Cueva de la Marmaja. the CuencamS district, and that of Mesa de Zavala, Limonite seldom occurs. near Purisima, in the same district. In both instances The massive hematite is cut in several directions the pyrolusite is associated with calcite and barite. by chalcedony stringers, and at the foot of Picacho de Rhodonite and rhodocrosite are often found in veins la Cruz some fine stringers of altered amphibolite are of silver and gold where the gangue is quartz, like the 170 Engineering and Mining Journal Vol. 112, No. 5

Predilecta and Santa Cruz veins at Guanacevi, and the shipped to the United States with good results. La Santa Cruz vein, near Otaez. Reina, Dos Senores, Donato Guerra and La Sorpresa mines of this district were afterward worked by Manuel Tin Deposits of Varying Importance Enriquez. Scattered Important cassiterite deposits associated with iron Although it has no industrial importance, we record oxides are also found in Cienega de Batres, Potrero de the occurrence of the cassiterite deposit of Cerro de los Laysola, and Santa Isabel mines, in the Cacaria Moun¬ Remedios, west of the city of Durango, extending half tains. The Providencia, Maria, El Diablo, and Amplia- a mi!e to the south as far as Analco. This cassiterite is cion del Diablo mines are also situated in Cacaria. distributed in small stringers that resulted from the Cassiterite deposits are disseminated in some other filling of contraction fissures occasioned by the cooling parts of the state, always associated with hematite, the of rhyolite, the country rock. It also presents itself country rock being rhyolite. These are the Cerro in kidney-shaped masses forming small pockets. Often Blanco and Hornitos mines, in the Mezquital district; it is covered by isomorphic octahedrons of cassiterite the Sacrificio mine, in Nombre de Dios; Tinaja Creek, in and hematite, the latter, as a rule, being associated with Sierra de Gamon, and the Guadalupe mine, in the San tin deposits in the state. So far, it has not paid to Juan del Rio district, where stannite also occurs. work these deposits. For a number of years they were Alluvial deposits of cassiterite are commonly found, operated on a small scale, but the output did not suffice resulting from the desintegrated mineral that has been for the local consumption, and as water was struck washed down by the streams, thus being subject to a with depth, the mines were abandoned. kind of concentration. These occur principally at Cacaria, Sierra de Gamon, and Los Hornitos, the latter in the Mezquital district. Antimony, Quicksilver and Sulphur Abundant Antimony ores are abundant. Besides being fre¬ quently associated with lead-silver ores, they are found in deposits composed almost exclusively of sulphides (stibnite) and oxides (senarmontite and valentinite). In these antimony deposits the lead ores are of common occurrence in depth. Antimony ores are found at Canon de Jerez, near San Juan Bautista, where stibnite pre¬ dominates. Stibnite is also found in small stringers crossing the hills south of Juana Guerra, in the Nombre de Dios district. In the Cerro de la Pitarrilla are some antimony deposits, where the stibnite is associated with the oxides, the latter resulting from an alteration of the I former, due to weathering. The same condition is observed at El Carmen mine, in the El Oro district, and in the neighborhood of Avino and Tapona. In the Casu- alidad mine, near Panuco de Coronado, cervantite has

IN THE. FOOTHILLS OF THE SIERRA MADRE, DURANGO been found, and in the Ojuela mine, in the Mapimi dis¬ trict, valentinite is present. Tin deposits are also found in the Potrillos mines. The best specimens of antimony ores have been Sierra de San Francisco, in the Coneto district, San brought from the Nazas district, where they abound. Juan del Rio. The bodies are fissure veins originated They have been taken from the Bonifacio Escobar and by fracture in some occurrences and by contraction in the Concrecion de Dios mines, belonging to Jesus Rue- others. The fillings consist of reniform masses of las, and situated in San Pedro del Gallo, in the same cassiterite, frequently associated with argillaceous Nazas district. As antimony oxides have been originated by the de¬ I hematite and with pycnite, the latter in hemihedral rhombic crystals of the general type. composition of the sulphides, the ores in the outcrops Some of the tin deposits are noted for the presence and in the oxidation zones occur in heterogeneous of a curious mineral specimen, durangite, classed as a masses. Part of them are of a yellowish-white color, fluo-arsenite of sodium and aluminum. It appears in with a resinous luster that reveals the presence of monoclinic translucent pyramidal crystals of an orange senarmontite. In some other parts long crystals of color. According to Dana, durangite was found at the rhombic appearance and a reddish yellow color are ob¬ Barranca tin mine, eighteen miles northeast of Coneto, served, disclosing the presence of valentinite and car- not with the stream tin, but in a vein four to six inches vantite. As to the pulvurulent yellow-colored substance wide, sometimes attached to the walls of the vein (here coating stibnite like a thin smear, drops of moisture the large, light-orange colored variety), and sometimes condense in the upper part of the testing tube, for which with cassiterite in the white pulvurulent matter which reason we believe it to be stibiconite. . fills the veins (small dark-colored variety). Its pres¬ Operators of antimony mines have reported that ence has also been noted in the Refugio mine, of Coneto. there is a better market for antimony oxides than for The Potrillos mine was worked about twenty years the sulphides, and that they could market only ores ago by the Pittsburgh & Mexico Tin Mining Co., the containing not less than 50 per cent of metallic anti¬ failure of which company was due to mismanagement, mony, determined by crucible assays. As this method according to reliable information. It spent more than of assaying entails great losses, nothing but the richest $200,000, United States currency, with a gross produc¬ antimony could be marketed, and so operations were tion of 1,000 tons of ore, of which one carload was in consequence discontinued.

( July 30, 1921 Engineering and Mining Journal 171

Although treatment by lixiviation, cyanidation, and phate (cerussite and anglesite), zinc occurs frequently very recently, by flotation, has eliminated the old patio in its carbonate and silicate combinations (smithsonite process and cut down the demand for quicksilver and calamine), resulting from the decomposition of sul¬ (azogue), we should, as a matter of record, mention phides in the upper zones of the deposits. As typical the existence of the most important cinnabar deposits instances we mention the Ojuela and Mapimi mines. in the state. The well-known deposits of Palomas, near Zinc ores have been reported in the San Juan de Guada¬ Otinapa, not far west of the city of Durango and in the lupe district. mountains, were successfully worked until about twenty years ago. They are abandoned at present, but as the Silver Ores Widely Distributed railroad to Mazatlan passes near them, it would be Silver ores are distributed all over the state, either profitable to resume operations. In the Inde district alone or associated with lead, copper, and gold. Rhyo¬ there is a mine called Tenoxtitlan, where cinnabar oc¬ lites, tufas, and conglomerates predominate in the curs in deposits imbedded in the rhyolite like those of higher regions of the Sierra Madre, surmounting the Otinapa. At Los Remedios and Cucuyame mines, in the Tamazula district, there are some rich cinnabar de¬ posits, but the location is far from rail. Some samples of cinnabar have come from Aviles, in the Mapimi dis¬ trict, and from Suchil and Muleros, in the Nombre de Dios district, but the deposits have not been ex¬ plored. Cinnabar has also been found in El Oro, San Juan del Rio, and Santiago Papasquiaro districts, and recently in Minas Nuevas not far from Topia. In San Dimas there is a mine called Cinabrio, where cinnabar occurs incidentally. Although confined to the Mapimi district, sulphur occurs abundantly in the state, principally at Sierra de Banderas, where some important deposits have been worked for a long time. Juan de Dios Villarelo, a geologist, has written interesting reports about these deposits. The natives of Tuitan, in the Nombre de Dios district, used to make fireworks of peculiar characteristics, and their ingredients for powder were sulphur, saltpeter, and charcoal. The sulphur came from Cerro de Maika, on the boundary line between the Ojo and Ochoa farms. This Cerro de Maika is one of the dead craters through which, in a recent geologic period, enormous flows of basaltic lava took place, originating the volcanic country now known as brena and malpais. The sulphur is of a solfataric origin and was produced during the solfatara stage of the last eruption, as the lava flows were cooling. It is found sparingly and is not very pure. As to saltpeter, we may incidentally add that the Tuitan natives obtained it through efflorescence, by dampening certain red clay from Chorro, where it is found in caves in the basaltic lava. Saltpeter has been found, also, in small quantities at San Esteban, in the SANTA CRUZ MINE, DURANGO. MEXICO Nombre de Dios district, where it is associated with tequezquite, or sesquicarbonate of soda (trona). This andesitic and dioritic flows, where the mineralized zones is used only by cattlemen. In the vicinity of Ojo Cali- appear. Sometimes basaltic dikes cross the andesite ente, near Estanzuela, in the Cuencame district, the and diorite formations. The ore deposits, veins, and saltpeter occurs in larger quantities, and has been ex¬ beds occur principally in the contact zones. This is the ploited by the natives. Not long ago a place was dis¬ general geologic characteristic in the following silver covered near Avilez, Mapimi district, where the rock mining camps in the Sierra Madre of western Durango: is said to contain 15 per cent of saltpeter. El Carmen, Guanacevi, San Pedro, Copalquin, Ta- huahueto, Norotal, San Fernando, Sianori, Metatitos, Zinc Usually Associated With Lead and Silver Topia, La Portilla, Pilones, Birimoa, San Andres de la To date we have not heard of the existence of de¬ Sierra, Llanitos, Tamazula, Tominil, Amaculi, Otaez, posits composed exclusively of zinc ores, although Bacis, Hauhuapan, San Dimas, Guarisamey, Gavilanes, blende, or sphalerite, is commonly associated with Tayoltita, Ventanas, Duraznito, Chavarria, Guadalupe, galena and iron pyrite in the lead-silver ores occurring Animas, San Nicolas, Los Limones, San Patricio and at Tovar; near Tepehuanes, at Tejamen, and in the most many others. Although these mining camps are all of the mining camps where silver is produced. Some¬ situated at a long distance from the railroad lines, with times the blende appears separated from the galena, few if any roads leading to most of them, and, there¬ forming pockets of different sizes, as in the Vacas mine, fore having to pay excessively high freight rates, they Parrilla, and in Guanacevi, Topia, Otaez, Huahuapam, have been producing ores profitably for centuries. Some and San Dimas mines. smelters and old-fashioned treatment plants were built Where lead appears in the form of carbonate or sul¬ long ago, but modern miKs have been installed in some 172 Vol 112, No. 5 camps. Railroad building is proceeding most satisfac¬ rite, chalcocite, erubescite (bomite) and gray copper torily, existing conditions considered. (tetrahedrite and panabase). In San Andres de la The construction and extension of railroads will be a Sierra the complex copper sulphides ifahlerz) and decisive factor in the development of the mining country galena are abundant, the latter predominating in Topia. just described. The Durango and Mazatl^n line is now Lime formations seem to have a bearing on the pres¬ being constructed. The Mexican National Railway Co. ence of lead and copper deposits, and this fact deserves has already built about 100 miles west of Durango, and a more careful investigation. has reached the divide. Orders have been given to start In general, wherever silver ore deposits occur asso¬ construction work from Mazatlan. The extension of ciated with copper-lead deposits, either they have not the Tepehuanes branch to Guanacevi and thence to El the same strike, which frequently is the condition, or Oro and Rosario will connect the city of Durango with they are parallel, as happens in the Guanacevi mining the northern part of the state and with the State of camp, where, from the Barradon vein to the west, all Chihuahua. Preliminary locations were made by the the veins are argentiferous, and to the east only lead- Mexico Western Ry. Co. (formerly Nazas Valley & argentiferous and cupro-argentiferous ore deposits are Pacific R.R. Co.) on the line from Santiago Papasquiaro formed. In both occurrences it is apparent that the along the Nazas River to La Laguna district, and from veins are of different age, and it is remarkable that galena and copi>er sul- phides appear in large proportions in depth. In San Andres de la Sierra the country seems to have been broken up after miner¬ alization ; the fractures are not mineralized and constitute numerous faults of large dis¬ placement. In other a places the veins are devoid of minerals hav¬ ing strong chemical action. The walls have been scarcely altered, and the presence of primary sulphides right under the surface shows that there has been no migration of - values. This type of

SOTO MINES, SAN PEDRO. GUANACEVI, DURANGODURAi^GO argentiferous, cupro- argentiferous, and lead- Cienega (the divide of the Tepehuanes-Guanacevi ex- argentiferargentiferous ore deposits seems to predominate in the tension), crossing the Tamazula mining and timber PromontoiPromontorio, Coneto, El Refugio, Avino, Panuco de Cor¬ sections, to Altata, on the Pacific Coast. Plans have onado, Arzate,Ar Yerbanis and other mines in an eruptive recently been considered for the construction of the intrusion running more or less parallel to the Sierra Parral & Durango narrow-gage railroad as far as San Madre in icentral Durango. Pedro and Guanacevi mining camps. The Durango ^ Gold, Lead, Copper, Nickel, Cobalt Central, starting from Conejos station, south of Jim6- * AND Bismuth nez, branches out from the main central line to the El Oro and Inde camps, and has been built as far as Gold is also abundant in the state. Most of the lead- Descubridora. copper-sibcopper-silver ore deposits in the Sierra Madre contain Considering the argentiferous ore deposits in the a large proportionpi of gold, and in such mines as Ven- Sierra Madre, it is found that their mineralization is tanas, Copalquin,Co Bacis, Animas, San Patricio, and composed of argentite, argentopyrite, the complex silver- others the gold values are frequently higher than those sulphides like polybasite and stephanite, ruby-silver, of silver.silver, Rich gold quartz veins containing consider¬ pyrargyrite, proustite and myargyrite, and also native able iron have been worked in the Purisima mine, situ¬ silver. Very rarely the haloid silver compounds are ated in El Carmen camp, in the El Oro district; in the found in the outcrops, but the association of iron Guadalupe mine, at Cieneguillas, near Inde; in Los pyrites with silver ores is of frequent occurrence. Reyes, at San Juan de Guadalupe; in El Orito, of the Fissure veins are formed by the minerals above men- Cuencame district, and in the Tungsteno mine. A tioned in a quartz or calcite gangue, and the ore shoots fabulous jgold mine is supposed to be hidden somewhere often constitute more or less large pockets. in Sierra del Oso, in the El Oro district. High-grade It is well to remark that the silver ores, as already gold ores have been found in the Arzate, Refugio, and described, are associated in nearly all the mines with Canon de Juarez mines, in the San Juan del Rio district; lead and copper ores, as follows: galena accompanied by but, as wwith the Arzate and Refugio mines, these are blende; malachite, azurite, cuprite and chrysocolla in silver-golprecipitations to be slightly stronger than the silver nitrate. For described. Cobalt, when present, counts as so much example, 51.3 c.c. of the silver nitrate solution may nickel. Zinc, when present in any quantity, seems to have been required to neutralize 50 c.c. of the cyanide have no effect whatever. The method, as described, solution; in which case add 1.3 c.c. of water to each gives accurate results on the ores of the Silverhorn remaining 50 c.c. of the cyanide. Another trial should district. July 30, 1921 Engineering and Mining Journal 175

possible area of surfaces in the aggregate; on the other The Effect of Sizing a Copper hand, the ore mixture should contain the maximum, or, rather, the correct percentage, of voids, with the Blast-Furnace Charge greatest possible area of surfaces exposed. The voids Exceedingly Large Chunks Undesirable, and Better would make a loose charge and allow free flow of the gases, and the large area exposed would make for rapid Work Indicated by Segregating Various Sizes operation of the furnace. And Charging Separately Round balls of a uniform size when placed in a bin By Julius H. Gillis will contain a definite percentage of voids. This per¬ Written for Engineering and Mining Journal centage is practically the same for all sizes, and this rule is approximately true also for irregular pieces of a The size of the material making up the charge of uniform size. Although the voids are the same with a copper blast furnace is generally determined by the smaller sizes, the surface exposed to the action of other considerations than its possible effect on the the gases and fluxes is greatly increased. If two sizes, operation of the furnace, and does not always receive one considerably smaller than the other, and with the the attention that it should. Probably in most cases the same percentage of voids in each, were mixed together, furnace man’s greatest concern in regard to the a certain definite quantity of the smaller size could be mechanical condition of the charge is to handle the large entirely contained in the voids of the larger size and amount of fines which are forced on him by the mine or the bulk of the mixture remain the same as the original mill. Without careful analysis, the natural conclusion bulk of the larger size. The percentage of voids in the would be that if the crusher could be operated with a mixture, however, would be much less and for blast fur¬ little larger opening, or if some large chunks could be nace purposes the charge would be much “tighter.” The mixed with the ore and the general average size made addition of other sizes could be made until a minimum larger, the charge would be loosened up a correspond¬ of voids and a “tight charge” would be secured. ing amount. This is not necessarily true. The next worse thing for a blast-furnace charge than In the operation of a smelter with which I was a uniformly graded mixture would be large pieces mixed recently connected it was the practice to set the with the fines and smaller pieces. These large pieces primary crusher, which took a hand-sorted feed, to would contain no openings and would have the effect of about an 8-in. opening. The ore was then crushed again reducing the capacity of the furnace in somewhat the to pass a 4-in. grizzly and sorted a second time. same proportion as the ratio of their area at any level to In the first crushing, slabs 18 in. long and 12 in. the total area of the furnace. These solid pieces in the wide were common, and a large percentage of the ore shaft would shut off the passage of the gases as effectu¬ would not pass an 8-in. ring. It was found that suffi¬ ally as though the shaft were reduced in size an cient sorting could be done on the first set of sorting equivalent amount. belts and that the fines were giving considerable trouble A good illustration of the relation of voids to the on the charge. In addition, the rockhouse could be mixture of various sizes of ore came to my attention a simplified mechanically by omitting the second crushing, few years ago when I had some determinations made of so this system was adopted. There was an almost the weight per cubic foot of a certain ore for the pur¬ immediate increase of about 20 per cent in the ratio of pose of designing an ore bin. Several sizes were to be coke to ore in the blast furnace, and some other con¬ handled, and the weight of each size was to be deter¬ ditions developed which made operation more difficult. mined. Some ore of each size was carefully screened, As this change was made at the same time that some and it was found that the weights were nearly the same other changes in the process were being tried out, the for all sizes except the fines, which were in every case difficulties were not at first considered in connection the heavier. This held good whether the maximum size with the change in the size of the ore. By eliminating of the fines was i in. or 2i in. and the size from I in. every other factor as the cause of the trouble, I decided to 1 in. was practically the same weight as the size from that the size of the ore must be the reason, and obtained 4 in. to 8 in. All sizes, f in. to 8 in., mixed together permission to make another trial of the second crushing. were much heavier, and therefore contained less voids, The advantage of the smaller size was evident as than any individual sizes. soon as the large chunks were eliminated from the Some conclusions may be drawn, subject to modifica¬ system. The ratio of coke to ore dropped about 20 per tion in the light of more definite data: cent, and other advantages were secured, such as 1. Large pieces of ore or flux in the charge do not increased oxidation of sulphur and iron, freedom from loosen the charge or permit the use of a larger per¬ accretions and crusts in the furnace, and increased centage of fines, but rather the contrary. The actual capacity. The increased concentration gave a higher dividing line between a piece which could be considered grade of matte and less work for the converting depart¬ as solid rock and one that would be a part of a permeable ment. The furnace operators also found that the mixture might be hard to determine, but the 2i in. mechanical handling of the ore through the bins and generally specified in concrete mixtures after years of cars was greatly improved. Altogether, the difference investigation might provide a suggestion for want of in cost for the entire smelter between the period in more definite data. which the large sizes were charged and that following 2. The efforts which are generally made thoroughly was about 20 per cent in favor of the smaller sizes. The to mix the various sizes of ore before charging to the plant was shut down before any systematic tests could furnace may be in the wrong direction and a more open be made to find if further savings would result. charge might result if the ore were screened and differ¬ Investigations might be made along the lines followed ent sizes charged in layers or batches. Only the finest, in producing a correct mixture for concrete, but, of which would cause trouble from dusting, would have to course, with the opposite end in view. For concrete, be taken out. The smaller sizes should be kept segre¬ a mixture is desired without voids and with the least gated and should be large enough to be granular. A Mining Odyssey In Which the Mining Engineer Is Moved To Discuss His Work and the Criticisms Directed Against His Profession By Edwin C. Holden Written for Engineering and Mining Journal

EING STIMULATED by counterirritants, I talk Republican in Alabama and “wet” in a Methodist |-C hasten to react while they still tingle; otherwise, rally then asserted itself, so I protested: -1—^ I shall probably calm down again into the som¬ “Don’t deride our profession; Agricola recognized its nolence of my confreres. As a more or less prideful dignity even in his day.” professional, I have been fond of thinking that the “His eulogy would have more unction if we didn’t prerequisites to make a competent mining engineer class have to delve so deep in the vaults of time for it,” he him in a learned profession, replied tartly. “A layman told me today that the min¬ but for a long time, I must ing engineer is passe; that, whereas in the days of shamefacedly confess, I Mark Twain’s miner, and until quite recently, the min¬ have suffered uneasy qualms ing engineer had to be an all-round engineer, metal¬ regarding a certain uncer¬ lurgist, geologist, and executive, those were also the tainty in the prestige of my days when a professor occupied a settee instead of a profession and its person¬ chair. The professor of history was responsible for the nel. Time and again I have rsym doings of the human race from glacial times to next surreptitiously poked the year. He had some breadth and perspective. He was “BROUGHT IT BACK AGAIN, thought away as disloyal, LIKE THE CHESHIRE CAT, human, livable, lovable. Now you can take a major but sooner or later some TO GRIN DOWN UPON ME” course on the Edict of Nantes or on the High Cost of unfortunate occurrence, or Living, all based on an efficient card-index system, with lack of occurrence, has brought it back again like the a card-index personality back of it. The old professor Cheshire cat, to grin down upon me. of chemistry and physics whose hobby was philosophy The Author Starts Something has given way to a myriad of ists and ologists who can give you a four-year course on Why Hair Turns Gray, At last, after an evening discussion of mineral de- and a three-year post-graduate under the professor of velopments had been monopolized by laymen while the applied psychology on Why It Sometimes Doesn’t. That’s aggregation of mining engineers present had preserved modern specialization, that’s Progress, a baleful silence, in an unguarded access of plutonism „ I erupted at an associate: The Present an Age of Specialization “What is the matter with us? Why are we so inar¬ “This layman went on to disclose that we no longer ticulate? Why did we sit like reverent frogs while need the jack-of-all-trades mining engineer except at that state senator, that shoe manufacturer and that small mines on the outskirts of civilization like Central banker were shooting off incongruities on our own Africa, the east slope of the Andes or Bolshevik Siberia. subject?” A modern mine needs an underground foreman, a mechanical or electrical engineer or both, a surveyor, a mining geologist, a metallurgist or chemist, and a manager who may be any one of these, or not a technical man at a’l, merely an executive to correlate the work of this staff. Exit the mining engineer. “If there is any hiatus to be filled, Mark Twain’s miner has a worthy successor in the ‘mining man,’ who is so largely with us, and you must admit,” added my friend bitterly, “he averages up a shining social and intellectual asset to us.” “Have you any further indictment?” I gasped. “Yes, we aid and abet our own disesteem by remain¬ ing an inglorious submerged tenth while the Philistine swarms through our gates. Do you know”—and here ■THAT STATE SENATOR. THAT SHOE MANUFACTURER, AND THAT BANKER SHOOTING OFF INCONGRUITIES his forefinger menaced me—“that the Geological Sur¬ ABOUT THE MINING INDUSTRY” vey and even the Bureau of Mines have never had an actual mining engineer as director? I admit it isn’t As he glared at me I suddenly realized I had turned our fault, for we don’t make the appointments, but it is loose a whole batholith. a matter of standards whether as many as 80 per cent “Oh, so you’re thinking along that line too! Why?” of the presidents of the Institute of Mining Engineers he repeated. “Because we’re trammeled by facts; be¬ have been undeniable mining engineers. The others cause we’re long on science and short on human inter¬ were of course exceptional men, but when does the est; because we’re a crowd of dubs who have let our Bar Association, for example, ever give a testimonial technique atrophy our imagination; because we’re presidency to an eminent client, sheriff, or convict in¬ deadly prosaic and uninteresting and we know it our¬ stead of to a lawyer ? Even when you come to our holy selves.” of holies, the Mining and Metallurgical Society, where The perverse kink in human nature that makes one membership requires that if you weren’t born under- July 30, lyzi Engineering and Mining Journal 177

ground, you at least must have been nursed from a have in Pennsylvania. Being a mining engineer, I carbide lamp or teethed on drill points—even here, in appreciate the full significance of striking a crusta¬ the Mining House of Lords, you must rummage on the ceous oil vein, and I am already planning to get a Ford back seats to find the real miners.” and a Brunton with the dividends and go prospecting “Well, at least you don’t have to rummage to find a on the headwaters of the River of Doubt, where, I be- miner in the Department of Commerce,” I retorted. “And that miner banishes my professional blues.” “That’s true,” he admitted, “but you must remember he succeeded not because he is a mining engineer but despite that fact. His technical efficiency and world experience are exactly what our Washington machinists object to.” “Well, since there’s no place left for mining engi¬ neers, we’d better turn geologists,” I suggested. “Geology is a delightful philosophical pastime,” he mused, “an unlimited field for imaginative speculation and exposition; a veritable Mecca for poetic scientists and scientific poets if ever the twain may meet. So, under her banner gathers a collection of choice souls, gifted with social volubility and with inclinations toward not only the quiet retreats of academic life, but a’.so toward the confusion of apex judges, the general “PROSPECTING ON THE HEADWATERS OF THE RIVER direction of the mineral industry and the conservation OF DOUBT” of most everything. In all of these occupations dis¬ lieve, the mining engineer, permanganate, and quinine quisition is capitalized.” are still a la mud. “You’d better not slam geologists. My friend Haul- Meanwhile won’t somebody behead the grin of that tain did years ago’, and I believe he still wears the darn cat? It’s there yet. bandages of their scandalized indignation. Besides I really have a sneaking respect for some of them, a few I revere, and Driving Laboratory Crushers one or two, I must confess, I love. • Written for Engineering and Mining Journal “But there are also others,” he A convenient method of driving a small laboratory said uncompromisingly, “and when crusher and sample grinder is shown in the accompany¬ I finish a successful diamond-drill ing illustration. The two machines are bolted in line campaign or devote less than 60 upon the work bench. An idler pulley supported upon per cent of a mine valuation re¬ an iron arm fastened by a bolt to the underframe of port to its historical geology, I am the table in such a way as to swing in an arc is placed liable to become peevish when a in line with the two driving pulleys of the respective geologist criticizes because I did machines. To keep the idler pulley in place, and also to not retain his master mind in or¬ tighten the belt, a bolt with a U-shaped extension is at¬ der to increase my barren footage, tached to the bearings of the idler pulley, and the pull or elongate my report and enlarge is taken up by the nut and a plate bearing against a my overhead. I turn peevish, but “the bandages op I humbly turn the other cheek and their scandalized help elect a couple of geologists indignation to office in the Mining Institute.” “Why don’t you go on record in one of the mining journals and rouse the craft against their submerg¬ ence?” “Nothing doing with that mixed metaphor,” he jeered. “Closed shop. The editors of both mining jour¬ nals hold geological union cards.” “I’m still cogitating over this superman who merely correlates the staff. What is he really?” “Oh, probably a pseudomorphic statistical geologist who owns a copy of the Mining Handbook, so he can follow the vocabulary of his staff. Then he just cor¬ relates men instead of strata; it’s very simple,” and my friend went away wiping his eyes. I was crawling off to the garden to eat worms when a cheering thought revived me. I am expecting a mining man to sell me some oil stock tonight. They own the rights for most of the SAMPLE CRUSHER AND GRINDER ARE DRIVEN BY SAME BELT state of New Mexico and are drilling a well bang in the middle of it. He says they are sure to strike a vein wooden frame. The motor is supported on a shelf well because it’s in the same crustaceous formation they above the table. The arrangement is in use at the assay laboratory of the Carson Hill Gold Mining Co.. '“The Geologist;” by H. E. T. Haultain, Canadian Mining In¬ stitute Bulletin, Vol. 16, p. 545. Melones, Cal. I 178 Engineering and Mining Journal Vol. 112, No. b Metallurgical Engineers of Note Arthur Smith Dwight Known as well for his attractive personality in his own profession. He was a member of an engi¬ as for his ability, Colonel Dwight is, from almost neering committee which co-operated with the War , any standpoint, one of the real leaders among Department in creating the Engineer Officers’ Reserve American metallurgical engineers. Neither is his mili¬ Corps, which resulted in a large number of engineers tary title purely an honorary one; he is not a “Kentucky being available when the United States entered the war. colonel,” but a lieuten¬ Mr. Dwight was one of ant colonel of engineers, the first civilians to be U. S. Reserve, and re¬ commijssioned in the ceived the D. S. 0. from Reserve and to enter ac¬ the British authorities tive service. As Major as well as a citation of the First Reserve from General Pershing. Engineer Regiment he Colonel Dwight was had an important part born in Taunton, Mass., in recruiting and train¬ on March 18, 1864. He ing that body, which was educated at the sailed for France on Polytechnic Institute of July 14, 1917, as the Brooklyn, N. Y., gradu¬ Eleventh Engineers. ating in 1882, and three They were the first unit years later was gradu¬ of the A. E. F. in action. ated from Columbia Their behavior at Cam- University with the brai on Nov. 30, 1917, degree of Engineer of when they fought the Mines. He received an Germans with no weap¬ honorary degree from ons but pick and shovel, that institution in 1914 thrilled all America. as Master of Science. Colonel Dwight served On leaving Columbia in in France for more than 1885, he went to Pueblo, twenty-two months, nine Col., and for thirteen of which were spent on years was associated the British front. At the with the Colorado Smelt¬ request of the French ing Co. Beginning as government he was as¬ assayer, he rose to be signed as special metal¬ general superintendent. lurgical adviser to When he gave up the French companies en¬ latter position he be¬ gaged in war work. He came connected with was next appointed En¬ several large companies gineer Salvage Officer, in the mining and smelt¬ A. E. F., to organize a ing of lead, copper, and reclamation service for the precious metals in the great quantities of the Rocky Mountain region. This work occupied him war material that was being wasted upon the battlefields. from 1897 to 1906, and six years of that time were Colonel Dwight’s wife, Jane Reed Dwight, was also spent in Mexico. Mr. Dwight was general manager prominent in war work, and in January, 1918, became of the Greene Consolidated Copper Co. at Cananea in Regional Directress of the women workers with the 1906, when trouble first developed against the regime Y. M. C. A. at the American front. She was decorated of Diaz. A general uprising was planned to seize the for bravery by the French government with the Croix mines, and, with the money so obtained, carry the de Guerre, also receiving other citations. revolt through the interior. Mr. Dwight turned his Besides being a life member and first vice-president industrial organization into a military unit almost of the A. I. M. E., Colonel Dwight is also vice-president overnight, stemmed the tide of revolution, and had of the New York Post of the Society of Military En¬ the situation well in hand before the arrival of troops. gineers; member of the Executive Board of the Amer¬ In the fall of 1906 he returned to New York and be¬ ican Engineering Council; member of the Mining and gan practice as a consulting mining and metallurgical Metallurgical Society of America, of which he has just engineer. He next developed important metallurgical been appointed chairman of the Committee on Ethics; patents for the roasting agglomeration of fine ores, member of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, known as Dwight & Lloyd sintering process, now ex¬ London; Military Order of the World War, Engineers’, tensively used all over the world. When the World University, and Columbia University clubs. New York, War broke, Mr. Dwight became convinced that the and the Engineers’ Country Club. He is attending the United States must eventually enter the fight, and he meeting of the Institution of Civil Engineers of Great took an active part in preparedness work, particularly Britain this summer. July 30, 1921 Engineering and Mining Journal 179

Consultation

Cadmium, Alunite, and Aluminite and residue are sent to tanks. From these tanks the whole is pumped into filter presses, and the solids are “Will you kindly give me data on cadmium ores, their separated from the solution. The filter cake is stored market value, what and where the market is and where such ores are found, and their analysis. I also desire to on a dump for possible treatment later for the recovery know the difference between alunite and aluminite. Is of the aluminum. The filtrate is discharged to multiple- alunite a source of aluminum or of potash and does not effect evaporators, where the potassium sulphate is the aluminum remain in the slag? If so will you explain recovered. The potassium sulphate crystals are dried, why? Is not aluminite in large deposits more desirable for pulverized, screened, and sacked for shipment. From aluminum purposes than bauxite and as easily separated this description it is apparent that no slag, in the or more so? With its low aluminum content, would it be of commercial value if found in a large deposit? Where are common sense of the word, is formed. The aluminum the two mined, what is the consumption in this country, and remains in the residue, and as the mineral alunite has who are some of the leading consumers?” only been heated to a red heat, no slag is formed. Cadmium ores are of comparatively rare occurrence Alunite when pure contains about 37 per cent of alumina in nature, and we do not recall the name of any one and 11.4 per cent of potash. mine operating primarily, or exclusively, for the pro¬ Aluminite is rarely found in nature and is not an duction of cadmium ores and the recovery of the metal unimportant source of aluminum. Bauxite is a com¬ itself. Commercial cadmium is recovered as a byproduct moner aluminum mineral, and also contains a greater in lead and zinc smelting and refining, and the produc¬ amount of the metal; hence the almost exclusive use of tion from this source has been sufficient to meet all bauxite for the recovery of metallic aluminum. The demands. According to the U. S. Geological Survey, only locality known to Engineering and Mining Journal the cadmium occurs in a ratio of about one part of where aluminite has been found is at Halle, Germany, cadmium to 200 of zinc. The only cadmium mineral of Brighton, England, and in localities in France and importance is greenockite, the sulphide of cadmium, but Bohemia. No doubt, minor mineralogical discoveries of the metal is not obtained directly from this mineral. aluminite have been nriade in the United States. As cadmium ores are not regularly bought and sold, Bauxite is produced by about five nations. In 1913 and if they have any market it must be an exceedingly the last year for which complete figures are available, small one. Engineering and Mining Journal does not France produced over 57 per cent of the world’s supply. quote cadmium ores. It may be that by communicating United States slightly less than 40 per cent and Great with some of the custom smelting companies producing Britain, Italy and India the remainder. Most of the zinc and lead ores, cadium ores can be sold. The posi¬ United States production comes from the Arkansas tion of the individual smelter will influence the probabil¬ deposits, which in 1918 yielded 93 per cent of all the ity of making cadmium purchases. It may be treated as domestic bauxite mined. The bulk of this production is an impurity and be undesirable by some, and others derived from Saline County, where are the chief mines perhaps are in a position to consume a specified amount of the American Bauxite Co., the mining subsidiary of without handicap to their operations. Cadmium metal the Aluminum Co. of America. The remainder of the is selling for $1 to $1.10 per lb. The entire domestic dome.stic production comes from the Georgia, Alabama, cadmium production for 1920 was about 65 tons. and Tennessee fields, with its center near the point where these three states corner. Deposits of bauxite, Alunite is a hydrous sulphate of aluminum and potas¬ sium and has the formula K^O SAL.O, 480, GH^O, said to be large, have been developed for the last three whereas aluminite is a hydrous sulphate of aluminum or four years in British and Dutch Guiana. The bauxite produced in the United States during with the formula, ALjOj SO^ 9H,0. Alunite is primarily 1920 amounted to 521,308 long tons. The apparent a source of potash and is being mined in Utah for the domestic consumption for the same period is given by recovery of its potash content. The aluminum contained the U. S. Geological Survey as 541,946 tons. The pro¬ in the mineral, according to the plans of the producers, duction of bauxite in the United States is in the hands is to be recovered as a byproduct. of practically one company, the Aluminum Co. of The alunite deposits of Utah are situated near Marys- America, which produces the ore and metal. vale in the Tushar Mountains. Briefly outlined, the practice followed in treating alunite relies on the decomposition of the mineral under a red heat, making The Most Important Sulphur Producer the potash soluble and the aluminum insoluble. The In reply to an inquiry relating to the most important alunite is then leached with water, and potassium sul¬ sulphur mines in the United States, in our issue of phate recovered by evaporation. The U. S. Bureau of July 16, 1921, we stated that the Union Sulphur Co. Mines reports that the mineral, as received from the and the Freeport Sulphur Co. furnished 99 per cent mine, is crushed in a gyratory crusher and a set of of the sulphur produced in the United States. Although rolls, and sent to storage bins. From the storage bins this statement was probably true prior to 1919 we find it is sent to a cement kiln furnace fired by powdered that the Texas Gulf Sulphur Co. started production in coal. The calcine from the furnace is elevated to storage March, 1919, and that in 1920 this company produced bins and sent to digesters. Then the digester is agitated approximately 1,000,000 tons, which is probably a with water and steam under pressure until the potas¬ greater tonnage than the combined production of Union sium sulphate has dissolved, after which the solution Sulphur Co., Freeport Sulphur Co., and Sicilian mines. 180 Engineering and Mining Journal Vol. 112, No. 5

Handy Knowledge

The Kirtley Iron Riffle After the table had handled 5,000 tons of ore (which amount would wear out a set of soft pine riffles), it By W. R. Canton was examined, and the riffles and linoleum were found Written for Engineering and Mining Journal still to be in good condition. This inspection led to Excessive wear and short life of wooden riffles made a further improvement that had for its object the sav¬ of soft pine led to the search for a more serviceable ing of the linoleum covering. It was decided to lengthen riffle at the mill of the Replogle Steel Co., near Whar¬ the foot so as to cover the entire surface. This it ton, N. J. The first suggestion was to try riffles made was hoped would prolong the life of the linoleum from harder and tougher woods. At this point L. L. through two sets and possibly three sets of iron riffles, Kirtley* advocated the use of iron riffles. At some which would materially cut the costs both as to the plants this would not be practicable, but the ore treated linoleum and the labor of renewing the deck. It was at this plant has no objectionable characteristics such also decided to make the next iron riffles out of heavier as acid and the like. An effort was made to get some material, so the new ones are made of No. 16-gage soft black iron, in four sections, as per sketch. .r.>.Hfbon In the attached table of costs no mention is made k. of the cost of laying the deck materials, as the soft 1 Fj' pine riffles came with the tables from the factory. However, it has been my experience that the cost of 1 laying the iron riffles has been about 20 per cent less than that of laying wooden riffles. FIRST SECTION COST OF WOODEN AND IRON RIFFLES COMPARED Soft Pine Riffles Iron Rifiles Set No. 1 Set No. 2 Set No. 1 k-./f'-jJ k.j'-Yievatipn.^j Hours run. 655 558 997 Tons treated. 5,496 4,708 10,564 RiS9e costs per ton. $0 0069 $0.0080 $0.00306 Linoleum costs per ton. $0.0080 $0.0092 (a) $0.00541 Ei Total costs per ton of deck materials. In the case of iron riffles this include.s nails. $0 0149 $0.0172 $0.00847 (a) Includes nails. Comparing these figures, note that iron riffles cost less than half as much as pine riffles, and that the linoleum cost alone, when pine riffles are used, amounts K jj to almost as much as the total cost when using iron riffles. New riffles made according to the accompanying

Y 'Cl, sketch are justifying every hope and are highly satis¬ i n factory. SECTION Protecting Mill Bin Timbers _ ,1 Elevoition ^ k - ■ Written for Engineering and Mining Journal In certain types of wooden ore bins stringers are placed across the ore bin to support the unloading II tracks. When run-of-mine size is dumped directly into P I or FOURTH SECTION

DIMENSIONS OF KIRTLEY IRON RIFFLE

data on the use of this type of riffle at some other plant. Inquiry was addressed to the leading manufac¬ turers of mining supplies, but with no results. Sketches were then drawn up, and the riffles were made in 3-ft. sections in a local tin shop. No. 18-gage galvanized iron was used. They were put on the table deck, and at once a great advantage was apparent. With the same spacing as the wooden riffles the effective table area was increased 25 per cent. Operation bore this out, for it was possible to handle 12.6 tons per hour with a Wilfley No. 9 rougher table equipped with iron riffles, though with the same type of table equipped with wooden riffles one could get satisfactory results only when feeding not more than 10 tons per hour.

‘Assistant Superintendent, Replogle Division, W'^harton Steel Co., in 1920. BIN TIMBERS PROTECTED WITH STRAP IRON July 30, 1921 Engineering and Mining Journal 181 the bins these timbers are cut out rapidly. On the rock Fremont Mines Water Skip crusher bins at the mill of the Calaveras Copper Co., Written for Engineering and Mining Journal Copperopolis, Cal., protection of the timbers is secured by bending short lengths of strap iron and slipping At the Fremont Mines, Amador City, Cal., an auto¬ them over the timbers and spiking them into place, as matic water skip has been devised by Edwin Higgins shown in the cut. Waste iron is used for this purpose. and has given excellent service in the unwatering of the The iron straps are replaced from time to time as they mine. It is not claimed that the design is entirely wear out. original. The bottom plates of the water skip are

Sinking Rig for Inclined Shaft

Written for Engineering and Mining Journal When an operating shaft is being deepened handling of the broken rock on the station level from which sinking operations are conducted usually requires a disproportionate amount of work at the station. At the Plymouth mine, Plymouth, Cal., an interesting sinking

WATER SKIP USED AT FREMONT MINES

inclined to the axis of the skip. Two valves of the flap

LAYOUT FOR DEEPENING SHAFT AT PLYMOUTH MINE type are placed in the bottom of the skip. The lower valve is connected to a rod which is attached to a rocker arrangement has been devised. An auxiliary skipway arm and shaft used as a discharging device. was sunk from the floor of the 3,050 level to the shaft, intersecting the roof wall of the shaft ten sets below the station. The angle of the skipway, as shown in the cut, is greater than that of the shaft. The skipway is equipped with a single track and small skip which discharges into the shaft pocket at the station. At the point where the skipway cuts into the shaft a pair of hinged rails is so placed that it may be raised or lowered by the hoistman. By this arrangement the hoisting compartments of the shaft can be used when¬ ever necessary to lower timbers or to hoist from the station below. All of the excavated rock from the shaft can be handled by one top man, who operates the aux¬ iliary hoist, and at the same time the shaft station is left comparatively free from interference with its nor¬ mal functions. The design was made by Stanley L. Arnot, superintendent of the mine. DETAIL OF DISCHARGING DEVICE ON WATER SKIP 182 Engineering and Mining Journal Vol. 112, No. 5

The Petroleum Industry

Introducing Mud-Laden Fluid Under High vised a scheme shown in the accompanying sketch, Pressures Into Porous Formations to eliminate these two difficulties. Equipment consists of a 250 lb. per sq.in. low-pressure pump, a 1,000 lb. per By H. J. Steiny* sq.in. high-pressure pump, a mixing box to mix the mud It is often desirable to introduce mud-laden fluid, fluid, and miscellaneous fittings. under pressures up to 1,000 lb. per sq.in. at the sur¬ Circulation takes place through the low-pressure pump face, into sandy formations for the purpose of prevent¬ drawing mud fluid from the supply in the lower side ing intercommunication between the individual sands. of the mixing box. It is pumped down the tubing, The usual method of accomplishing this is to pump the against the sands, returning inside of the water string mud fluid through tubing to bottom of hole, allowing into the upper side of the mixing box. Here it flows same to return to surface after circulating past walls across fresh shale, clay or clean rotary mud, to increase of hole; place packing head between tubing and water its density, then through the screen where the fluid string at surface, and either pump mud fluid with a suitable only for penetration into the sands is allowed high pressure pump, or follow the mud fluid already in to pass, and is again drawn into the low-pressure pump the tubing with clear water through the high pressure from the lower side of the mixing box. When it is desired to increase the pressure to force the mud into the sand, gates A at the tubing head and B at the discharge are closed, and gate C at the high-pres¬ sure pump is opened. The high-pressure pump is then started, drawing fresh water and pumping it back on to the column of mud fluid between the tubing and the casing. This will allow considerable clean water to be pumped in before it reaches the sands, and the pressure exerted will force the mud out into the porous forma¬ tions. When it is desired to re-establish circulation, gate C is closed and gates A and B are opened. The low-pres¬ sure pump is started, and the clean water is circulated out of the hole without coming in contact with the walls which were to be mudded. As.may be seen, no wearing action is exerted on the liners and packing of the high-pressure pump, and the mud fluid is not thinned, nor the walls of the hole washed with clear water, as the clear water is circulated out with the establishment of normal circulation.

The Prospective Output of Oil in Mexico* According to statistics given to the press of Mexico City by the Mexican Secretary of Industry and Com¬ merce, the production of petroleum from 1901 to 1920 was 563,523,752 bbl. of 42 gal. each. The quantity increased yearly from 10,345 bbl. in 1901 to 163,540,000 bbl. in 1920. It has been estimated that in January, 1921, the supply of oil in the Tampico-Tuxpam fields was 450,000,000 bbl. This would last two and one-half ARRANGEMENT FOR INTRODUCING MUD-LADEN FLUID years at the rate of production in 1920. But the rate UNDER HIGH PRESSURE INTO SANDS of production is increasing, being now about 180,000,000 pump, thereby exerting the desired pressure on the bbl. a year. Old wells are giving out, but there is no compiled information showing how much the supply .1 walls of the hole. from old sources is diminishing. It appears, however, The method in which the high-pressure pump handles from the statements of men who are conversant with the mud fluid is objectionable because the liners and packing are quickly worn out. The method in which actual conditions and who represent important oil con¬ clear water is pumped on top of the mud fluid is open cerns, that there is no ground for anxiety about the future oil supply, though there is some difference of to the objection that the water thins the mud and washes opinion on the subject. the walls of the hole clean, thereby defeating the pur¬ The division of special taxes of the department of pose of the work. finance gave out figures, which were published June C. L. Giboney, superintendent of the Associated Oil 16, 1921, in the Financial and Mining Bulletin of Co., in the Lost Hills field, Kern County, Cal., has de- Mexico, showing that on Jan. 1, 1921, there were 359 •In an article appearing In Summary of Operations, California Oil Fields. *Commerce Reports, July 14, 1921. July 30, 1921 Engineering and Mining Journal 183 petroleum wells in Mexico, with a daily production seepage were inclined to class it as a practical joke,’ but of 3,117,896 bbl. From Jan. 1 to May 1, there was it has definitely been determined that a genuine oil registered an increase of forty-two wells, with a daily seepage is there. A local company has been formed, output of 828,728 bbl. and sufficient capital has been subscribed to make it According to figures furnished by this department, appear likely that development can be undertaken on the monthly production of petroleum from January to a scale ample enough to determine the actual possibili¬ May, 1921, was as follows: January, 16,240,623 bbl.; ties. February, 15,063,864 bbl.; March, 17,841,887 bbl.; Existence of oil in eastern Washington has been gen¬ April, 18,614,790; May (estimate) 19,000,000 bbl. erally doubted because of basalt, which is plentifully In the Amatlan district of the Tampico-Tuxpam fields in evidence. Some geologists, however, have been will¬ three or four wells have been opened since Jan. 1, 1921, ing to admit the likelihood of oil, and, acting upon their yielding an aggregate of 377,000 bbl. a day. The recommendations, extensive plans have been made by well-determined oil fields of Mexico extend along the a local concern for a thorough testing of an area at Gulf of Mexico from a district north of Tampico to the Clayton, just north of Spokane. Isthmus of Tehuantepec and Tabasco. The well-exploited portion is comparatively small. Even in the exploited Status of Oil-Shale Industry in the portion new wells are continually being opened. Exploi¬ tation is now extending into the districts of Lacalulu United States and Cobus. The Lacalulu district is in an oil-bearing The following summary of conditions in the oil-shale formation situated in the extreme southeastern corner industry appears in a paper, “Notes on the Oil-Shale of the State of San Luis Potosi, about fifty miles south¬ Industry, With Particular Reference to the Rocky west of Tampico. A well was recently opened in this Mountain District,” included in the U. S. Bureau of district, yielding from 40,000 to 60,000 bbl. of oil daily. Mines Reports of Investigations for June 1921: The Cobus district begins at Cobus, directly across the There are no commercial oil-shale plants operating in this Rio Gonzales from Tuxpam, and extends southwesterly country at the present time (March, 1921), although there about fifty miles. It is regarded by experts as a deter¬ is a well-established industry in Scotland. mined oil field and definite exploitation is progressing. Many American shale deposits are richer in recoverable oil than Scotch shales now being worked, and probably nearly Exploration work is being carried on in all parts of equal in nitrogen content, which is a measure of recoverable Mexico, including Lower California. So far nothing ammonia. definite has resulted, but there are sufficient prospects Market conditions for shale products are less favorable in in the southern part of Oaxaca to have led to the invest¬ this country than in Scotland. ment of capital and the sinking of a well, which requires Great quantities of American shales are of greater thick¬ $100,000. Exploration is especially active on the Isthmus ness and better suited for mining than Scotch shales. As yet no process for obtaining oil from oil shale has of Tehuantepec and in the region immediately south of been used in actual commercial practice in this country. Vera Cruz. The Tabasco district is the oldest oil field Indications are that the United States cannot continue in Mexico, and the refinery at Minatitlan, near Puerto long to depend on domestic petroleum production to supply Mexico, is the largest in Mexico. Much oil is taken completely the demand for petroleum products, and that from the Tampico fields to this refinery, but little oil is sooner or later our oil shales will have to be used to help now produced in the Tabasco district, and there are no supply the deficit. The shale-oil industry cannot hope to supplant the petro¬ definite prospects for the future. leum industry in a large way for many years, but will probably grow from local industries in favorable places. Eastern Washington Oil Possibilities Costs of oil-shale operations cannot be reliably estimated until commercial practice in this country furnishes the Special Correspondence necessary basic data. Interest in the possibility of discovering oil in com¬ The quantity, quality, and value of products and by-prod¬ ucts to be obtained from oil shale in this country are not mercial quantities in the vicinity of Spokane, Wash., known with any degree of certainty. has been aroused by a definite determination that a The oil-shale industry is a largo scale, low-grade raw- seepage of oil discovered in the cellar of a house in materials manufacturing enterprise, requiring large capital, Spokane is not a fake seepage, but a genuine oil flow. high technical and business ability, and probably making As a result of investigations made recently, T. A. Bon- slow return on the investment. Once economic conditions ser, a geologist and a professor of biology and geology become favorable for the development of the oil-shale indus¬ try, and satisfactory mining, retorting, and refining proc¬ at one of the Spokane high schools, informed a meeting esses are worked out and markets established, there should of the Northwest Mining Association that he had re¬ be only ordinary business risk connected with the industry. vised his opinion in regard to the local possibility of oil discovery. He had previously held that oil did not exist Corporation To Exploit Oil Properties in in commercial quantities in the Spokane Valley. Circumstances surrounding the discovery of the oil "Venezuela, Colombia, and Equador seepage are peculiar. It is estimated that about 400 The Andes Corporation has been formed, with an gal. of the oil has been taken out of a small hole in the authorized capital of 2,000,000 shares of no par value, cellar of the residence of A. L’Ecuyer, at 1029 South¬ to take over the prospective oil properties of the Leon¬ west Boulevard, Spokane. The oil is yellowish in color, ard Exploration Co. and Kunhardt & Co. The proper¬ and is said to have fine medicinal qualities. For some ties include about 650,000 acres in Venezuela, 2,133,500 time the people residing there were troubled with an in Colombia, and 6,500,000 in Ecuador. unpleasant odor in the cellar, and made numerous ef¬ Directors are J. A. Bell, Glenn T. Braden, Rufus C. forts to get rid of it, but without success. Following Dawes, J. W. Donnan, S. B. Donnan, H. R. Kunhardt, a sharp earthquake shock early last spring, a liquid John W. Leonard, Robert P. Marshall, Fred C. Marston, made its appearance in the cellar, which, upon analysis Frank Mendes de Leon, Luciano Restrepo, and John S. proved to be oil. Most of the people who heard of the Weller. 184 Engineering and Mining Journal Vol. 112, No. 5

Asbestos—Bulletin No. 113, Mineral Technical Papers Technology Series No. 24, of the Uni¬ Book Reviews versity of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz., is a thirty-one-page pamphlet devoted to asbestos. Though issued primarily for Mackenzie River Oil—The May num¬ the information of Arizona producers, Concentration by Flotation. Compiled ber of Mining and Engineering Record the bulletin contains much of general and edited by T. A. Rickard. Cloth; (25c., Vancouver, B. C.) is devoted en¬ interest regarding the occurrence and 6x9; pp. 692, illustrated; 1921. tirely to the recently discovered petro¬ preparation of the mineral for the mar¬ John Wiley & Sons, New York. leum area in the Mackenzie River basin. ket. A list of Arizona producers and Price, $7. buyers in the East is included. Sketch maps are included. The various chapters of Mr. Rick¬ Activities of Bureau of Standards— ard’s latest book on fiotation are, with 1920 Copper Production—^An advance one or two exceptions, reprints of ar¬ statement of copper production statis¬ Although having little to say about mining or metallurgy, most of our read¬ ticles which have been published dur¬ tics for 1920 and preceding years ing the last few years in the Mining (seven pages) is now obtainable from ers will be interested in a 300-page re¬ port of the war work of the U. S. Bu¬ 'ind Scientific Press. Many are now re¬ the Director of the U. S. Geological printed a second time, for they either Survey, Washington, D. C. reau of Standards, Washington, D. C., just issued and obtainable free from appeared originally in foreign publi¬ cations or were included in Mr. Rick¬ Wyoming Mining Laws — Bulletin the bureau. The book gives a good idea of the varied activities of the bu¬ ard’s former books, now out of print. No. 18 of the Office of State Geologist, reau, but does not go into detail re¬ This is the largest volume yet pub¬ Cheyenne, Wyo., seventy-three pages, garding any of the work done. lished on fiotation, and in many respects contains the state mining laws and the the most complete. It makes easily Federal mining laws applicable to Management Engineering—A new available much information which would Wyoming. It may be obtained on re¬ journal of production under the title otherwise be inconvenient of access— quest. Management Engineering appears for information particularly complete as to the first time with the July issue. (The theory and fundamental principles so Northern Ontario Gold—The July 15 Ronald Press Co., New York, N. Y.; far as developed, the current status of issue of the Canadian Mining Journal price 50c.) The principal articles in¬ litigation, and also well representative (Gardenvale, Que., price, 15c.) contains clude “The Pioneer Spirit in Engineer¬ of the varied practice found in Ameri¬ several informative articles on past ing,” as developed in the Federated can and Australian concentrating plants. and present conditions in the Porcu¬ American Engineering Societies; “The The various chapters are well arranged, pine, Kirkland Lake, and other gold- Essentials of Storeskeeping”; and and, needless to say, the matter is well producing districts of Ontario. “Training as a Factor in Reducing edited. Labor Costs.” A book compiled from various sepa¬ Mining in Mexico—In the Mining rate articles lacks, however, the cohe¬ and Scientific Press of July 2 (San Oil—“Summary Report, 1920, Part sion of one which is written by a single Francisco, Cal., price 15c.) is the first B,” issued by the Geological Survey, author; it is bound to be discursive. The of a series of articles by R. G. Cleland Canada Department of Mines, Ottawa. ideas of various contributors on a entitled “The Mining Industry of This pamphlet contains the following single subject must be given in differ¬ Mexico: A Historical Sketch.” The reports: “Mesozoic of Upper Peace ent places, and an individual critical article is written in an attractive man¬ River, B. C.,” by F. H. McLeam; attitude on the subject matter is miss¬ ner and is well illustrated. “Upper Elk River Valley, B. C.,” by ing. Also, there are bound to be some J. R. Marshall; “Review of Prospecting gaps: certain subjects of interest to Oil Shale—“Notes on the Oil Shale for Oil on the Great Plains,” by D. B. fiotation engineers which come with¬ Industry, With Particular Reference to Dowling; “Underlying Seams of the out the field of discussion covered by the Rocky Mountain District,” by M. Souris Coal Field, Southeastern Sas¬ any of the authors in the articles J. Gavin, H. H. Hill, and W. E. Perdew, katchewan,” by D. B. Dowling; “Great selected. Little is told of much inter¬ is the title of U. S. Bureau of Mines Slave Lake Area,” by G. S. Hume, and esting work in foreign countries outside Reports of Investigations No. 2,256. “Oil-bearing Rocks of Lower Mackenzie of Australia on oxidized and complex The paper includes a general discus¬ River Valley,” by E. M. Kindle and T. ^ .ores, but this is not the fault of Mr. sion of the subject and a comprehen¬ A. Bosworth. Geological sections, maps, Rickard or of the other authors; it is sive list of references. It may be and illustrations are included. because of the secretiveness persisted obtained on request. in by the Minerals Separation inter¬ European Iron-Ore Resources—Bul¬ ests, which seemingly adhere to cer¬ Pulverized Coal—A paper presented letin 706, “The Iron-Ore Resources of tain well-known precepts for wife¬ before the American Iron and Steel Europe,” by Max Roesler, published by training: “Catch ’em young,” (and to Institute, “The Use of Powdered Fuel the U. S. Geological Survey, gives a non-licensees), “treat ’em rough,” and Under Steam Boilers,” has been re¬ summary of the facts concerning the “tell ’em nothing.” printed for free distribution by the Com¬ deposits of iron ore in Europe and esti¬ A book which we shall keep on our bustion Engineering Corporation, 43 mates of the quantities of ore and of reference shelf within handy reach. Broad St., New York, N. Y. Many the iron they contain. It reports no E. H. R. diagrams and illustrations of various original research, but is simply the re¬ Elementary Qualitative Analysis of the equipment applied to different types of sult of a study of the conclusions of Metals and Acid Radicals. By Fred¬ boilers supplement the text. many writers, and is an attempt to erick C. Reeve. Cloth; 5J x8; pp. 143. reduce the variant products of that work to common values. The geo¬ D. Van Nostrand Co., New York. Drill Steel—The July 7 issue of Iron 1921. Price, $1.50. Age (New York, N. Y.; price 50c.) graphic review of the deposits is pre¬ contains a paper, “The Breakage ceded by a brief sketch of the nature As in most books on this subject, the and Heat Treatment of Rock Drill and geology of iron-ore deposits in gen¬ author has arranged his material in the Steel,” by A. E. Perkins. This paper eral and a few notes on the methods form most suitable for use as a high- is one of several that were presented of utilizing the ores. The geologic dis¬ school or college manual. The book will at the symposium on the breakage of tribution of the deposits is considered, be useful for prospectors and others drill steel that was held at the Feb¬ and the more extensive deposits are de¬ who wish to make qualitative tests for ruary meeting of the A. I. M. E. in scribed. The economic value of the the metals, however, as the treatment New York. In the same issue appears iron ore in the several countries of Eu¬ is practical; detailed working directions also a paper on “Drill Steel Sharpen¬ rope is shown by the statistics of pro¬ are given for the tests; and little-used ing,” by Clarence M. Haight. duction and consumption. methods are not mentioned. Echoes From the Fraternity Societies, addresses, and reports

Safety Regulations in 16 States where more than fifty men are em¬ Districts.” Dr. Laney’s assistant on Specify Use of Telephones ployed underground, one or more tele¬ this trip is A. M. Piper. Mr. Piper will in Mines phones shall be installed communicat¬ undertake to secure some important ing with the surface. Sixteen states provide rules or enact¬ photographs of the mountain scenery of ments relating to telephones at mines, New Mexico regulations state that Adams County that will be used in the according to a paper recently issued it shall be the duty of the operator publicity campaign for the State of by the U. S. Bureau of Mines in to install and maintain a telephone Idaho, which the State Bureau of Im¬ Reports of Investigations. The elec¬ system in every coal mine to such ex¬ migration has in charge. trical section of the Bureau obtained tent as may be reasonably required for Project No. 2—A geological survey copies of all available state safety the operation thereof. With slight of the area adjacent to the south half rules and regulations for the purpose modifications, the rules governing of Pend d’Oreille Lake, including the of making a study of the subject. An Oklahoma and Pennsylvania coal mines mining districts of Lakeview, Blacktail, abstract of the compilation, taken from with respect to telephones are the Granite Creek, and other areas. This the various codes, follows: same as those of New Mexico. work will be in charge of Mr. Sampson, In California the regulations state Tennessee and Texas regulations of the U. S. Geological Survey, and will be under the general supervision of Dr. that telephone communication shall be specify that a metal tube or a tele¬ Laney, acting on behalf of the survey. maintained between a co-operative phone system shall be maintained from Project No. 3—A reconnaissance of station and each mine which it sup¬ the top of the shaft to the bottom. the ore deposits of the Sawtooth area, plies. If the foreman in charge of Utah requires that an underground in Blaine County. This is designed to a station does not reside thereat, his telephone system be installed in all supplement the work already done by residence also shall be in telephone mines in which ten or more men are Dr. Umpleby in that area for the U. S. communication with each mine sup¬ working more than two thousand feet Geological Survey, and the work will plied by his station. In all mines from the entrance, or in which there be done by S. M. Ballard, of Placerville. operated and worked in California, are ten or more working places more Mr. Ballard will also probably do some when a depth of more than five than two thousand feet from the en¬ work in the Boise basin for the bureau hundred feet underground has been trance. during the summer. reached, a telephone system must be The operator or the superintendent Project No. 4—A survey of the arte¬ established, equipped and maintained of a mine in Washington must provide, sian water resources of the Snake River by the owners or lessees thereof with and maintain in good condition, from Valley and tributary valleys. This stations at each working level below the top to the bottom of every shaft work is in charge of 0. E. Meinzer, of the depth aforesaid, communicating or slope, a telephone or metal tube. the U. S. Geological Survey, who will with a station thereof on the surface Wyoming regulations specify that a be assisted by Harold T. Stearns. This of any such mine. system of party-line telephones shall survey will include the areas of Mud The regulations in Colorado state be installed and kept in working con¬ Lake, Big, Little and Lost Rivers, the that the mine owner shall provide and dition in each coal mine in operation Pahsimeroi Valley, part of the Wood maintain an adequate telephone sys¬ in the state. River Valley, and will conclude with an tem from the surface, with convenient investigation of the Goose Creek arte¬ stations along and at the bottom of the Co-operative Surveys Under Way sian basin in the neighborhood of Oak¬ shaft, slope or drift, and convenient to ley, which will be covered by A. M. all double partings where trips are in Idaho Piper later in the field season. made up; provided that more than The following geological work is Project No. 5—A further study of the twelve telephones shall not necessarily being done in Idaho, during the field stratigraphy in the neighborhood of be installed in any one mine. season of 1921, by the Idaho State Bu¬ Boise and Weiser, supplementing the In Illinois the rules were obviously reau of Mines and Geology, in co-oper¬ study begun last year of the oil and drawn up to cover the coal mining ation with the U. S. Geological Survey: gas resources of this region by Dr. J. districts, for they read as follows: Project No. 1—The completion of the P. Buwalda. Dr. Buwalda’s work will There shall be a system of party-line study of the ore deposits of the Heath probably be done entirely under the telephones which shall include one tele¬ district, in Adams County, the topog¬ supervision of the U. S. Geological Sur¬ phone on the surface not more than raphy and general geology of which vey without assistance from the state two hundred feet from the tipple, and were covered by a party under Prof. D. bureau. one at the bottom of the hoisting C. Livingston last summer. This work Project No. 6—The completion 6r“an shaft, or, in slope or drift mines at (which is in charge of Dr. F. B. Laney, investigation of the geology and gold the first cross entries in operation; head of the department of geology at resources of central Idaho. This work, and, in addition thereto, there shall be the University of Idaho) will include which is under the immediate charge of one telephone at each inside parting. also a survey of the deposits in the Dean Francis A. Thomson, assisted by In all Iowa mines, where the work¬ neighborhood of Mineral, also in Adams S. M. Ballard, is practically completed, ing parts exceed 3,000 ft. from the County. Dr. Laney will also revisit and the bulletin will be ready for pub¬ foot of the slope, shaft or the mouth some important points, including the lication as soon as one or two points re¬ of a drift, a substantial telephone Red Ledge, in the Seven Devils area, quiring further field work have been system or other suitable means of com¬ to check recent developments there, be¬ checked. munication shall be maintained from fore undertaking the completion of a Project No. 7—The topography of the the bottom to the surface. professional paper on this area, to be Grand Canyon of the Snake River, In Kansas it is unlawful to operate published by the U. S. Geological Sur¬ which, although not strictly geological or permit to be operated any coal mine vey. This publication will supplement in character, is preliminary to any not equipped with a party-line tele¬ and extend the work covered by Bul¬ thorough or careful geological work. phone system. In Kentucky and North letin No. 1 of the State Bureau of Mines This covers the area immediately north Dakota regulations also refer to coal and Geology, entitled “The Copper De¬ of the Seven Devils quadrangle, and the mines and state that in any coal mine. posits of the Seven Devils and Adjacent work is in charge of A. J. Ogle, of the jonn ... n,an nas .ai. .ora .or ^ property a vacation trip through the Mich gap • j dpr^,„p^d by the same in¬ copper country, after which he will m- spect the properties of the Anaconda , Cooper Co. m Montana. Mr. Ryan will ^ J manager of the Miami return about Sept. 16. ^ Olaf P. Jenkins is in charge of the influential copper producer. Mr. Gotts- field work of the Washington Geologi- berger has thus had the distinction of cal Survey and is investigating certain being associated with the development road materials, the Grand Coulee as a of two of the county’s successful cop- reservoir site, and the iron ores of per mines from the very beginning of Washington in relation to the possible operations. Since 1919 he has been manufacture of iron and steel. engaged in consulting practice, with headquarters in New York City at 522 Fifth Ave., and has made his home in New York. Mr. Gottsberger was bom in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1874. Dr. R. B. Moore, chief chemist of the n U. S. Bureau of Mines, will leave Wash¬ ington Aug. 2 for a month’s trip, dur¬ ing which time he will look over the chemical phases of the work being done at Bureau of Mines experiment stations at Pittsburgh, Columbus, St. Louis, Denver, Salt Lake City, Reno, and San Francisco. Mining engineers recently in New MEN YOU Should York City included; H, H. Stoek, Urbana, Ill.; A, L. Pierce, Golden, Col., KNOW About

OBITUARY

A. H. Burroughs, Jr., managing di- Nephi Packard, of Springville, Utah, rector of the Armstead mines, Talache, died on July 15 at the age of eighty- Idaho, was recently in Salt Lake City. ^ine. He was closely identified with A. W. Newberry has been employed B. B. gottsberger mining in Utah in the early days, by Weld & Liddell to make an examina- B. C. Catern, of Denver, Col., owner tion of a mineral property in Montana. « Rritt/hn rntt«3hpr?»r rpppntlv Smugler, Dunderberg, and Ter- R. C. Gemmel, general manager, and elected a^^taryorthf Mining and «" R. G. Lucas, attorney, for the Utah Metallurgical Society of America to 1^’ following a stroke of apoplexy. Copper Co,, were recently in Salt Lake succeed Frederick F. Sharpless, who is Word has been received of the death City. now secretary of the A. I. M. E., is of A. L. Waters at Chun Ping, China, J. S. Delury, of the University of particularly well fitted for his new on May 29. He was associated with Manitoba, Winnipeg, recently made an post. Charles E. Richardson and was well examination of the Bingo mine, at Mr. Gottsberger is a graduate of the known in Arizona and Mexico. Herb Lake, Man. Columbia University School of Mines, Warren B. Shackelford, of Joplin, M. H. Newman, geologist for the degree of engi- ^ recently at Chicago, follow- American Zinc, Lead & Smelting Co., mines. His first enpgement operation at St. Luke’s Hos- has returned to Knoxville, Tenn., from after graduation was with the Mont- pi^al. Mr. Shackelford was active in a trip to Montana. serrat Consolidated Mining Co., Yus- district for a number of Oscar B. Hofstrand, metallurgical and^wherThrSnaine^one yeL^^After engineer, of Salt Lake City, has com- Kriof fVio cii-afoc wpni- general manager for the Ad- pleted an investigation of the Tintic Tyfpxipo 1007 the emnlov of the FI Queen Astor Milling Co. plant at Silver City, Utah. Mining & Railway Co' as en^nefr ^o. J. T. Terry, Jr., mining engineer, is for the company, and performed vari- S. M. Buck, consulting engineer, president and manager of the Terry ous tasks connected with operations, died at his home in Bromwell, W. Va., Mining and Metallurgical Corporation, From Mexico, in 1900, Mr. Gottsberger on July 16, at the age of seventy-nine, with offices at 200 E. Sixth St., Lead- went to Tennessse as an engineer for Mr. Buck was a graduate of Williams ville. Col. the Tennessee Copper Co., which was College, and later studied mining engi- G. C. MacKenzie, of Montreal, secre- just then beginning operations under neering at the Massachusetts Institute tary of the Canadian Institute of Min- the direction of J. Parke Channing. His of Technology and at the Freiberg ing and Metallurgy, visited The Pas, experience in the manifold details of School of Mines. He was one of the Man., recently to meet resident mem- construction, mining, and smelting and pioneers in the development of the coal bers of the institute. other problems was exceptionally varied fields of West Virginia. July 30, 1921 Engineering and Mining Journal 187

The Mining News The Mining News of Engineering and Mining Journal is obtained exclusively from its own staff and correspondents, both in the United States and in foreign fields. If, under exceptional conditions, material emanating from other sources is published, due acknowledgment and credit will be accordea. Leading Events

Warrant Out for Swindler Rice New Underground Loading Not Served WEEKLY RESUME Machine To Be Tried at Ishpeming Investment Bankers’ Association Pro¬ The revised Fordney Tariff bill tests Against Advertisement of passed the House on July 21, after So-Called “Sub-Level Slicer” Loads and Fake Mining Stocks petroleum had again been put on the Transports Ore in Single Opera¬ free list. Considerable criticism teas tion—Trial Machine Being Made Although warrants have been issued directed at the metal schedule. A John D. McCarthy and Henry O. in California for the arrest of George bill providing for the cotnpulsory use of the metric system has been intro¬ Moulton, engineers in the employ of Graham Rice and others, it appears duced in the Senate by Senator Ladd, that the technicalities of the law are the Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Co., have made of North Dakota. application for United States patent on too much for its representatives, and As to industrial conditions, the a sub-level slicing machine, to be known the warrants have not been served. In strikers at Grass Valley, Cal., have as the McCarthy-Moulton sub-level the meantime the California Group of •'eturned, after reaching an agreement slicer. The machine has for its pur¬ the Investment Bankers’ Association with the operators over wages. In pose the rapid and economical loading of America have recently passed the the Michigan iron country, the Oliver Iron Mining Co. has again curtailed and transportation of ore in a single following resolutions in condemnation ■its operations on the Gogebic Range operation, and can be taken into any of advertisements of wildcat stocks ap¬ and has announced a further 10 per working place underground. It is pearing in certain local newspapers: cent wage cut on all the iron small and can easily be carried into a “Whereas a large number of oil and ranges. Defendants in the suit brought sub-level by two men. The loading at mining stock advertisements, which are by R. S. Archibald, of Negaunee, the breast is automatically done by a in all instances highly speculative and Mich., involving the transfer of prop¬ in many instances obviously fraudulent, erty of the Michigan Iron d Land Co. special type of shovtl-skip, which is have been appearing in the San Fran¬ to Henry Ford, call Archibald’s forced into the ore with a forward and cisco and Los Angeles papers, and charges baseless. A so-called “sub- upward motion, and the transportation “Whereas, these advertisements will level slicing machine" for under¬ to the raise is performed by means of doubtless result in substantial losses by ground loading and transporting ore an overhead electrically operated trol¬ ignorant people, to whom advertise¬ is said to have been developed on the ley upon which the loaded shovel-skip ments of this kind are most apt to ap¬ Marquette Range. In Arizona, an engineers’ registra¬ is carried direct to the required point, peal, and where it automatically dumps. “Whereas, it is not in the best in¬ tion board hat been appointed, headed terests of the daily papers, other by G. M. Butler, of Tucson. From Shoveling and tramming by hand are advertisers, the investing public in Edinburgh, Scotland, the Arizona both eliminated. The power unit re¬ general, or for that matter, the State Copper Co.’s home office has an¬ mains fixed at or near the dumping itself, to permit the advertisement and nounced that it is negotiating for the point, and three cables controlled by sale of issues of this character. Now sale of its holdings to another mining the operator serve at the breast to load therefore be it compay (presumably the Phelps and then to hoist and transport the “Resolved, that the executive com¬ Dodge Corporation) in return for a stock interest. The property of the load to the dumping point. A simple mittee of the California Group of the turntable device is installed to reverse Investment Bankers’ Association of Silver King of Arizona has been sold the slicer rapidly for work at another America, hereby enter protest to the at sheriff’s sale to W. F. Ainsworth. In California, warrants issued for the breast. The forward and upward Commissioner of Corporations of the arrest of George Graham Rice and movement which is given the shovel- State of California, against the adver¬ others in connection with alleged tising and sale of such issues, and be skip during the loading operation has a fraudulent promotion schemes remain special advantage, it is claimed, in that it further unserved. The plan for marketing “Resolved, that the co-operation of Queensland sapphires in Paris, which it prevents the stalling of the skip in the Associated Advertising Clubs of the was recently announced, has fallen rough dirt or upon encountering a World be requested and a copy of this through. heavy chunk, and this movement is resolution be forwarded both to their continued until halted by engagement local and Eastern offices, and that a with the overhead carrying system, copy of this resolution be forwarded to publishers of newspapers in San Fran¬ Ely and Pioche May Be United where the shovel-skip is automatically locked in place for transportation. A cisco and Los Angeles, with a request By Railroad that the character and representations friction brake is provided on the cable of their advertisers be carefully scruti- Talk of a railroad connection between drums to maintain the cables taut while ized and that they refuse the advertis¬ Ely and Pioche, Nev., has been renewed, unwinding. As soon as dumping is ing of any stock issue which has not and it is said that the proposed link completed, the carrier automatically received a permit and the approval of may be built in the near future. Should causes the shovel-skip to be returned to the Commissioner of Corporations of the Ely Northern continue its line the loading point, where it is released the State of Califoria.” through to Pioche another outlet for and lowered to the loading position. the ores of this section would be most An additional advantage is claimed Bolivian Tin Property Purchased beneficial. Again, the direct connection for the shovel-skip, namely, that it can Consul W. Duval Brown reports from with the main transcontinental Union be removed and a timber-carrying de¬ La Paz, Bolivia, under date of May 2, Pacific R.R. would also be helpful and vice added, thus saving a great deal of that an American concern has recently profitable to the Ely district. Large labor in the handling of timber to the purchased tin lands in Bolivia valued tonnages of ore are said to be developed working point. The entire apparatus, at about $2,000,000. He states that and available at present in the Pioche it is said, can be handled and controlled the output of this property is not large. district. by two men. The machine is designed 188 Engineering and Mining Journal Vol 112, No. 5 for electric power, but where this is Arkansas To Be Surveyed Measurement Certified in Race for inconvenient or inadvisable, compressed For Fertilizer Materials Shaft-Sinking Record air may be used. Although particularly Work To Be Undertaken Soon by State useful in sub-levels and remote work¬ As announced in the last issue, the Commissioner of Mines—Farmers’ Walter Fitch, Jr., Co. has set out to ing places, the device, it is said, will be Demand Increasing break the world’s record for shaft sink¬ equally economical in handling ore in ing, the company having contracted to the main level. In such a case the The first real effort to determine the deepen the Water Lily shaft of the dumping trip can be moved along on quantity and value of raw fertilizer Chief Consolidated Mining Co., at the overhead track from car to car materials in Arkansas is being made at Eureka, Utah. With the winning of until an entire train has been succes¬ this time by Jim G. Ferguson, Commis¬ sively loaded without shifting a car. sioner of Mines, Manufacturers and the gold medal offered by the Engi¬ A thorough practical demonstration of Agriculture, by a careful survey of the neering and Mining Journal as its goal, the device is to be made at once in phosphate and limestone beds of the the company has forwarded to the Journal the following letter certifying one of the mines of the Cleveland-Cliffs state. Prof. N. F. Drake, geologist, Iron Co. Work is now going forward formerly professor of geology at the to the measurement from collar to the on the trial machine. Universitly of Arkansas, assisted by bottom of the shaft just before the Chester S. Parker, is in charge of the work was started: field work. The survey will extend east “This is to certify that we, the Archibald’s Claims Ridiculous, undersigned, at 8 a.m. on the 15th day Say Defendants and west across the north part of the state, following the older rock beds of July, 1921, measured the depth of Information Given About Michigan with which are the phosphate and lime¬ the Chief Consolidated Mining Co.’s Iron & Land Co. Was Its Property stone beds having value as fertilizer. Shaft No. 3, known as the Water Lily shaft, and found it to be 115.5 ft. from and Was Included in Purchase Prof. Drake started the survey early in July in Independence County, and the collar to bottom of the shaft. The Parties to the suit brought by Ralph bottom at the time of measurement S. Archibald, of Negaunee, Mich., to will work east and west from that place. The heaviest part of the work was free from base or broken ground, recover $75,000 for services alleged to and apparently level. Signed have been rendered in connection with will lie west from Independence County to the Oklahoma line. In a recent in¬ H. J. Pitts, the sale of the Michigan Land & Iron Engineer Chief Consolidated Co.’s holdings in Northern Michigan to terview Prof. Drake stated that there was no question about the quality and Mining Co. the Ford interests deny the validity of J. D. Mathewson, Mr. Archibald’s claim. His claims are abundance of the limestone deposits, but that the real value of the phosphate General Foreman, Walter Fitch called ridiculous by Robert P. Hudson, Jr. Co. one of the defendants, who will have deposits was undetermined. Inde¬ pendence County is the only county in Henry W. Jarvis, charge of the defense. It is understood Shaft Foreman, Walter Fitch, Jr. Co. that Mr. Hudson will claim at the trial Arkansas that has produced phosphate in a commercial way, and that over a Sworn and subscribed to before me this that any information w'hich was given date, July 18, 1921. the defendants by Mr. Archibald was decade ago. The Arkansas Fertilizer Co., now of Little Rock, formerly oper¬ C. E. Hinch, the property of the old Michigan Land Notary Public, Eureka, Utah. & Iron Co. and was a part of the sale. ated a fertilizer plant in this county Mr. Archibald, it is understood, was in on Lafferty Creek, near Renters Bluff, Silver King of Arizona Sold to and mined from the local beds all the the employ of the latter company bi.fore W. F. Ainsworth the local men became interested. Such phosphate it used in the manufacture of its various fertilizers. Their plant The sale, under foreclosure of mort¬ maps as he made and information as gage, of the property of the Silver King he secured was, it is alleged, while he was destroyed by fire, and owing to better railroad facilities and labor con¬ of Arizona Mining Co. to W. F. Ains¬ was taking pay from the old company worth, of New York, for the considera¬ for his services. Thus his work was ditions it was rebuilt in Little Rock. The phosphate values in Independ¬ tion of $250,000 was confirmed on July the property of the old company and 19. Of the purchase price, $20,000 was was included in the purchase price. ence County are disseminated in the Sylamore sand and its associate shales. to be paid in cash, the balance being This formation is of the Devonian age, payable either in cash or by the ten Insinger vs. Cunningham Case and lies between the Boone chert and year 7 per cent convertible bonds and Decided the St. Clair limestone. The latter is overdue coupons thereof of the com¬ Plaintiff Recovers Amount Spent on the formation in which manganese pany, at such proportion of the value as the holder would be entitled to re¬ Development, But Loses occurs in the Batesville field. The strata carrying the phosphate ceive through the distribution of the Other Points vary from a few inches to 20 ft. in proceeds of such sale in case the pur¬ Judgment has been handed down in thickness, and lie in horizontal beds, chase price were fully paid in cash. Insinger vs. Cunningham case, in careful analysis of which has shown The sale was made to satisfy judg¬ which the plaintiff is a banker of Spo¬ from 20 to 70 per cent calcium phos¬ ments against the company amounting kane, Wash., and the defendant a min¬ phate. Up to the present only those to about $240,000. The new owners ing operator of Slocan district, British strata carrying the higher percentages are considering plans to organize a cor¬ Columbia. The dispute arose over the have been utilized. They have been poration with a view to resuming the alleged non-fulfillment by Cunningham ground up in their entirety, the phos¬ development and operation of the prop¬ of certain contractural obligations en¬ phate content being high enough to per¬ erty. The plan involves the completion tered into by him when he took over, mit this. None of the lower grades of the new three-compartment shaft to under option, the Hewitt mine, at have been used. It is possible, how¬ the 1,000-ft. level, lateral cross cutting Silverton, B. C. Robert Insinger has ever, to grind the latter and separate and drifting on the 800- and 1,000-ft., been successful in recovering a sum the phosphate from the lighter gangue. and the installation of such mining and equal to the value of the development At present such treatment of the lower milling equipment as the result of work which Mr. Cunningham appar¬ grades would not be profitable. underground development may justify. ently agreed to do, but did not com¬ Phosphate mining in Independence plete, while he was working on the County has been carried on by pit, Engineer Registration Board property in 1918 and 1919. On all open-cut and tunnel methods. Tunnels Organized in Arizona other counts, however, the defendant and open cuts were used where the de¬ Organization of the new board of succeeds. He is not required to make posits were worked on a mountain side. registration for engineers, architects, an option payment that Insinger Open pits were used on the plateaus surveyors and assayers in Arizona’ has claimed was due nor is Insinger and ridges where erosion had cut away been effected at Phoenix. Dean G. M. allowed damages on account of being the overburden down to, or nearly to, Butler, of the Arizona University prevented from operating the property. the phosphate-bearing strata. Schools of Mines, is chairman. July 30, 1921 Engineering and Mining Journal 189

News From Washington Bv PAUL WOOTON Special Cor respondent

Tariff Bill Passes House necessary, as heretofore spiegeleisen the United States Steel Corporation, the With Few Changes and ferromanganese have carried the principal manufacturer of ferromanga¬ same rate of duty. In the Fordney bill, nese, as well as other manufacturers, Petroleum Again on Free List—Duty on spiegeleisen is dutiable at $1.25 per opposed this duty. Mr. Tilson stated Quicksilver Raised to 35c. Per Lb.— ton, whereas ferromanganese is dutiable that the duty is merely a compensatory Potash Proposal Denounced— at 2ic. per’ lb. on the managanese con¬ duty on the manganese content and was Protection for Bauxite tent. put in the bill at the insistence of the Criticised The duty of Ic. per lb. on 30-per cent mining interests. This led Representa¬ The Fordney Tariff Bill passed the manganese ore and that on ferroman¬ tive Wingo to say: ganese and spiegeleisen were criticised House on July 21 with comparatively “In putting on this rate of duty they by Representative Wingo, of Arkansas, few changes as reported out by the have heeded the demands of the miners Committee on Ways and Means. The who said the domestic deposits of man¬ throughout the country, who hope to committee was overruled, however, on ganese could not be developed by such develop their manganese ore, and who the important petroleum, asphalt, and a schedule. He said the schedule was have asked for a tariff on manganese. dye duties. After extended debate, not well balanced. Representative Bur¬ The gentlemen of the Ways and Means characterized by great bitterness, crude ton, of Ohio, opposed the duties pro¬ Committee in framing their tariff un¬ petroleum, fuel oil, and asphalt were posed for mineral raw materials. dertook to put a compensatory duty on Among other things, he said; everything in which manganese was placed on the free list. The Longworth used. I think that is natural from their proposal that the United States Tariff “It would be better to pay a bounty standpoint. Commission administer the importation to some of those who have invested in “In other words, gentlemen, you are of dyes under an embargo proposal was the development of these (tungsten) so wedded to your own processes that lost. ores than it would be to impose this notwithstanding every producer in this Probabilities point to greater changes duty, which is approximately, as stated country that is in a different attitude by the Senate in this tariff bill than to me by a prominent toolmaker, 300 or position from the Steel Trust has per cent. I noted the claim made that protested against it because it would has been the case before with other give a special benefit to the Steel Trust, tariff bills. Chairman Fordney has the we have a special supply of some metals. Antimony was one thing dis¬ and notwithstanding the fact that the reputation of being that type of pro¬ cussed here, and manganese was an¬ Steel Trust itself protested that they tectionist who believes the sky only other, and the general result has been did not need it, yet you gentlemen on should limit the upward revision of the that the promise of a domestic supply the committee, in order, as you say, to rates. The bill reflects Mr. Fordney’s has been entirely disappointing. I do something for the miners of man¬ ideas. There is much difference of have it from a toolmaker that the qual¬ ganese, impose this other burden, which opinion among Republicans as to the ity of the tungsten obtained in this is unnecessary, and which will have a very dangerous effect on the indepen¬ wisdom of enacting schedules as high country is not best for the making of tools. The statement made to me was dents, the smaller steel manufacturers as are those proposed. In many in¬ that the tungsten of Colorado is not now competing with the Steel Trust. stances the ad valorem rates are less suitable for the best quality of high¬ “As I recall from the testimony that than those provided in the Payne- speed tools. If that statement is cor¬ we had before the Committee on Mines Aldrich Act in 1909. It is claimed, how¬ rect, the result of this duty will be to and Mining, possibly the United States ever, that the substitution of American increase the cost to the consumer of a Steel Corporation is in a better atti¬ valuation for foreign valuation will have necessary kind of raw material and at tude upon ferromanganese than any¬ the effect of increasing these ad valorem the same time confer no benefit on the body else. The United States Steel domestic producer.” Corporation also owns, as I now recall, rates materially. If the Senate agrees the great bulk of the manganese de¬ to the new plan of American valuation, No effort was made to answer the posits of Brazil. I do not know what it is anticipated that there will be a argument against the fitness of domes¬ their importations are now, but before material reduction in the ad valorem tic tungsten for use in the manufacture the war 80 per cent of our importations rates. The Senate also is expected to of tool steel, but Representative Timber- of that product came from Brazil, from reduce materially many of the specific lake, of Colorado, did point out that the the deposits which they own. They are rates. in an attitude where, without any pro¬ cost to the consumer would amount to tection, they have an advantage over One of the important amendments no more than 3c. per ton of steel. “A the independent iron and steel manu¬ made in the House was the increase of tool hardened by tungsten,” said Mr. facturers, and when you put this com¬ the duty on quicksilver from 7c. per Timberlake, “will perform the work of pensatory duty on the ferromanganese lb. to 35c. per lb. This amendment was twenty carbon-hardened tools, so that over the protests of the independents agreed to without the necessity of a the cost to the consumer is so small as and in the face of the admission of the division, largely because the Secretary to be infinitesimal.” Steel Trust that they do not need it, of War formally called the attention of Representative Tilson, of Connecticut, you do an indefensible thing, which you the House to the need for such action have failed to explain, and cannot who was in charge of the metal sched¬ justify.” in the interest of the national defense. ule, admitted that the rate on tungsten The House also struck out one of the is much higher than he favors. He While no opportunity was given to administrative provisions of the para¬ said it is one of the highest duties, if change the potash paragraph, the pro¬ graph on lead, on the ground that it not the very highest, in the bill. Under posal to make that mineral dutiable for was useless. This was the clause ex¬ the Payne-Aldrich Act, tungsten-bear¬ a five-year period came in for extended cepting lead ores and mattes from the ing ores of all kinds were dutiable at denunciation. Representative Long- sampling provision when they are to 10 per cent ad valorem. The equivalent worth spoke in defense of the para¬ be refined for exportation. of the specific rates in the Fordney bill graph. He admitted that he has per¬ Amendments were adopted specifying may not figure, at the present price of sonal doubts as to the ability of the that for the purposes of the bill ferro¬ tungsten, as much as 300 per cent, copntry to develop a potash indus¬ manganese is to be such iron manganese but it is admitted that the rate would try, but that in the case of such an alloys as contain 45 per cent or more of approach that equivalent. important mineral, he is willing to manganese and that spiegeleisen is to The increase in the duty on ferro¬ afford a few years of opportunity in the be an alloy containing less than 45 per manganese also was admitted to be very hope that the California and Nebraska cent manganese. These definitions are high. It was pointed out, however, that potash may become the source of larger 190 Engineering and Mining Journal Vol. 112, No. 5 outputs or that a byproduct potash in¬ The duty was characterized as “abso¬ electric power canal to connect Lake I dustry may be built up. lutely indefensible.” Erie with Lake Ontario. Requests for Largely on the recommendation of The House voted to add a paragraph the loan of these films for showing at General Fries, the head of the Chem-, to the bill making crude silica dutiable public gatherings where no admission ical Warfare Service, phosphorus was at $4 a ton and silica suitable for use fee is charged should be addressed to held on the dutiable list. The rate of as a pigment $7.50 a ton. the Bureau of Mines, 4800 Forbes St., duty, however, was reduced from 15c. Platinum sheets and wire and plat¬ Pittsburgh, Pa. per lb. to 10c. per lb. inum ingots, bars and plates, less than The committee was challenged to ex¬ one-eighth of an inch in thickness, Committee on Mines Rests plain why it had put a duty of $1 a ton were removed from the free list. Owing to the fact that a quorum could on crude bauxite. It was alleged that not be assembled, there was no meet¬ the Aluminum Company of America Two New Motion Pictures Ready ing of the Committee on Mines and would be the principal beneficiary. Mr. at Bureau of Mines Mining of the House of Representatives Fordney explained that the object of Two educational motion pictures il¬ during the week ended July 23. For the duty is to promote the development lustrative of the mineral industry have that reason no action was taken on the of the almost unlimited supply of baux¬ recently been completed, the United proposed amendments to the War Min¬ ite in the United States. In opposition States Bureau of Mines announces. erals Relief Act. An effort will be to the duty, it was said that the duty The first of these, the “Story of Abra¬ made to present those amendments to which would be collected would not go sives,” shows the generation of power the committee during the coming week. into the Treasury, because the imports at Niagara Falls, its utilization for the are brought in almost entirely by the production of carborundum (silicide of Metric System Bill Introduced Aluminum Co. of America, which in carbon), and aloxite (aluminum sesqui- A bill providing for the compulsory turn exports the material to its sub¬ oxide), and finally the numerous oper¬ use of the metric system, after a period sidiary companies in Canada, and the ations performed with the aid of the of ten years, was introduced in the duty is returned to the company under abrasives thus manufactured. Senate on July 18 by Senator Ladd, the drawback clause. The Tariff Com¬ The “Story of Rock Drilling” shows of North Dakota. The bill is identical mission was cited as the authority for the use of modern types of rock drill, with that introduced in the House on the statement that the Aluminum Co. not only for shaft-sinking and under¬ April 11 by Representative Britten, of of America owns 90 per cent of the ground operations, but also for quarry¬ Illinois. An early hearing has been known bauxite deposits in this country. ing and the cutting of the new hydro¬ asked.

News by Mining Districts

London Letter a yield of 54,337 oz., on which at least The accounts of the Union Miniere Rand Mining Returns Continue Depres¬ £1 per oz. is estimated to be secured du Haut Katanga for 1920, just to sing — Randfontein Central on realization, the profit is stated as hand from Brussels, show a gross Improves—Katanga’s only £54,952. At the annual meeting working profit of fr. 9,864,386, the Report Out held in May, Samuel Evans pointed whole of which is devoted to deprecia¬ out the seriousness of the position. tion. Prospecting work was almost By W. a. Doman The working revenue remains fairly wholly confined to the southeastern London, July 11—The mining re¬ steady, but the working expense has portion of the concession, and the ore turns from the Rand for the last month increased seriously. During the first reserves were estimated as given in the are by no means of an exhilarating four months of 1920 the latter aver¬ following table: character. For many months the con¬ aged 22/9d. per ton milled, and for ORE RESERVES IN 1920 OF UNION MINIERE trollers of the industry have em¬ the corresponding period of the cur¬ DU HAUT KATANGA phasized the fact that if the gold rent year, the working expense was Total Per Copper could not be sold at a premium, sev¬ 25/9d., so that the total working profit Cent Contents eral of the mines would be compelled in the latest period was only £150,140, Tons Copper Tons Smelting ore.... 700,000 16.50 115,500 to cease operations. in comparison with £279,331. To some Ore for concen¬ When a group of companies an¬ extent the comparison is vitiated owing tration. 7,100,000 8.00 568,000 Ore for leaching. 17,700,000 5.80 1,030,000 nounces its results simultaneously, the to the strike of miners in February Sulphide ores.. . 6.800,000 2.30 156,000 effect is more vividly shown than when last, which continued for eight days. Total. 32,300,000 . 1,869,500 the output of an individual mines is The position can perhaps better be given. For instance, the Rand Mines- shown by stating that, whereas in The above figures concern ten mines, Central Mining group of companies, 1914 the yield was 6.191 dwt., and the namely. Star of the Congo, Luiswishi, consisting of fifteen, makes a very working costs 15/7d. per ton, the yield Luushia, Likasi, Chituru, Kambove, poor exhibit for June. These companies last year was 6.103 dwt. and the work¬ Kambove West, M’Sesa, Kakanda, and milled an aggregate of 852,468 tons of ing costs 23/9d. Expenses have risen Funguruma. ore, for a total yield of 292,193 fine in every direction, for whereas develop¬ The copper output for 1920 was ounces of gold, of an estimated value ment in 1913 cost 60/3d. per ft., it was 18,962 tons, about 4,000 tons less than of £1,552,937 and for an estimated value 112/2d. per ft. last year. If from the in 1919, owing to the strike of em¬ of £422,545. In arriving at the value total estimated profit of the Rand ployees lasting about six weeks. Fuel and profit, gold is taken at £5/6/3 mines group of £422,545 a premium of was also short, owing to a railway per fine ounce. Companies belonging £1 per oz, on 292,193 oz. be deducted, strike. Trials of the concentrator have to other groups take as high as £5/7/6. tbe profit on the milling of 852,468 tons proved satisfactory, and the experi¬ If a round figure of five guineas be would have been only £130,352 last mental plant for treating low-grade taken, this will show, say, a premium month—a poor result on the tremen¬ ore by electrolytic leaching will be of £1 per fine ounce of gold, and on dous capital involved, especially as the running before the end of the year. ^this basis no fewer than ten of the above is not a net figure. New capital will have to be raised in companies would have worked at a loss The Randfontein Central showed a due course for the vast construction apart from the premium. remarkable improvement; not only was program that has been arranged by the The case of the Crown Mines is there a gain in revenue, but the work¬ company for the treatment of low- perhaps the most striking, for with ing expenses also decreased. grade ores. AUSTRALIA pany, which used to employ 850 men CANADA Queensland receiving £18,000 a month in wages and British Columbia pay £9,000 a month to the men pro¬ Sapphire-Marketing Scheme Fails — Dominion Government Asked To Aid ducing copper ore on their own account, Mount Quamby Gold To Erect Companies Shipping Ore to Trail is doing practically nothing; the Mount Small Stamp Battery Cuthbert center looks like a deserted Nelson—The Nelson branch of the Brisbane, June 26—The arrangement village, and the same has to be said British Columbia Prospectors’ Associa¬ made by the Queensland government of Selwyn, the headquarters of the tion has petitioned Sir Henry Drayton, about three months ago for the mar¬ Mount Elliott company. There is no Dominion finance minister, asking for keting of gems from the Anakie sap¬ chance of any improvement until a some arrangement providing for an ad¬ phire fields, in central Queensland, ap¬ substantial rise takes place in the price vance by the Dominion government to pears to have broken down. The plan of copper. small shippers sending ore to Trail. was for the firm of Rubin Bros., of Tasmania Warehouse receipts issued by the smel¬ Paris, who were given a monopoly of ter for ore consignments during the all the buying on the field except as Electrolytic Zinc Co. Fast Completing depressed condition of the metal mar¬ to fancy stones, to advance to the 100-Ton Plant — Tries Experimen¬ kets are not negotiable at the banks, sellers 75 per cent of the ruling mar¬ tal Plant on Sulphide Ores hence the object sought is the secur¬ ket value of the gems, sell them within Risdon, June 27—^Construction work ing from the government of some form a given period, and then pay the on the 100-ton (per day) plant of the of certificate upon which money can be miners the balance less commission and Electrolytic Zinc Co. at Risdon is ap¬ realized for continuing operations pend¬ other charges. Recently the firm proaching completion, and the general ing a return to normal conditions. named advised the government that, manager anticipates that production Silverton—Lessees at the Van Roi owing to a depression in the trade in will start in September. The company mine have concluded arrangements for Europe, it could not advance more than has the benefit of a low-rate contract operating the concentrator on the prop¬ £2/15/0 per carat for fine blues, £2 for with the Tasmanian government for erty. second, and 7/—for small stones. The the supply of current from the Great The arrangement made by the Brit¬ miners considered this price too low, Lake hydro-electric power station and ish Columbia department of mines for the Minister for Mines agreed with expects to produce zinc at less than giving prospectors the advantage of them, and the agreement has been sus¬ £30 per ton. It is also in the fortunate cheaper powder is now in effect. Pros¬ pended if not entirely brought to an position of having a contract with the pectors pay the full price for the end. On the field many miners have British government for its output at a powder they require, but after filling taken exception to the arrangement price which works out at a minimum of out certain forms and turning these made with Rubin Bros., believing that £28 per ton. Despite these facts, how¬ over to a government agent are given they could do better with their gems ever, the company has a difficult task a cash rebate of 25 per cent. when there is open competition than to face in the building up of a profitable Trail.—Ore shipments received at the when one firm has a monopoly of the industry unless the price of zinc shows Consolidated smelter in the week ended buying. At the same time they were an improvement on recent figures. July 14 were as follows: not satisfied with the prices obtained The company had a successful trial Mine when there was open competition. recently of an experimental flotation Location Tons Highland. Ainsworth. 38 Work has been resumed at the Bar- unit erected at Zeehan on the west No. 1 Mine. Ainsworth. 38 alaba state coal mine, the men having coast of Tasmania to test the sulphide Surprise. Republic, Wash. . 225 Velvet. Velvet. 53 agreed to accept a hewing rate, as in¬ ores of the Mount Reid-Rosebery mines Companv Mines. 6,170 sisted upon by the Minister for Mines, which were taken over from the Mount Anyox.—Ore bins of the Granby Con¬ instead of the daily wage paid hither¬ Lyell company last year. solidated Mining & Smelting Co. were to. The Industrial Court has to de¬ Mount Lyell—Copper production is partly destroyed by fire on July 13, cide what this hewing rate is to be. still proceeding at Mount Lyell, but un¬ involving a loss of $30,000. If it should be much higher than that less the unions accept the offer of the ruling at the Blair Athol coal field, with company production will cease this which the Baralaba mine is in direct week (written June 27). By order of Yukon Territory competition, the government will still the Arbitration Court an outside expert Outlook Considered Promising—Capital find it hard to make its mine pay. was appointed to examine the books Coming In Mount Morgan, where nothing has and records of the company and to been done since last Easter, still re¬ determine the cost of producing copper The outlook of the Canadian Yukon mains closed down. The proposal under the conditions obtaining. The country is said to be brighter now than vaguely mentioned by the State Pre¬ report submitted showed the gross cost at any time since the war began. Capi¬ mier three weeks ago as likely to lead per ton of blister copper to be £104/11/ tal is being attracted to aid the de¬ to a settlement has apparently been 6, or £4/10/1 per ton less than the com¬ velopment of the promising silver-lead considered further, but nothing definite pany’s figure. It was also calculated properties of the upper Stewart River. is known about it. Meanwhile the that the net cost of producing a ton of The Consolidated Gold Fields Co. of company’s executive and technical staff electrolytic copper was £95/6/3, and on South Africa recently took forty claims has been notified of the termination this basis with copper at £77 there in the Keno Hill district and twelve of their present engagements at the would be a loss of £18/6/2 per ton, more claims are under option to F. W. end of June, with the option of re¬ equivalent to £95,972 per annum on the Bradley, of the Bunker Hill & Sullivan maining in their respective positions basis of the last half year’s work. company, of San Francisco. The Yu¬ during July at a reduction in salaries kon Gold Co. has done much develop¬ BURMA of 20 per cent. ment work in the last two years and a Development and prospecting work is Railway Strike Cuts Burma Corpora¬ shipment of 2,500 tons will soon reach still in progress at the Mount Quamby tion’s June Output Seattle. gold mine, in the Cloncurry district. Namtu.—Lead production of the ALASKA It is intended to erect a 20-stamp bat¬ Burma Corporation for June was 3,295 tery at this holding to deal with the tons gross; that of refined lead was Gold Quartz Found Near Girdwood— conglomerate in which the gold is 2,323 tons. The refined silver output High Grade from Indian River found. was approximately 266,893 oz. Pro¬ Shipped Apart from this and the cobalt mine, duction was seriously affected during (Via Seattle).—A. W. Castleton, there is still nothing except a little de¬ June by a strike on the Burma Rail¬ president of the Hirst-Chichagoff prop¬ velopment work and some fossicking ways which had lasted practically the erties has just returned to Seattle from by “gougers” being carried out in the whole of May and prevented supplies the mine and announces that mill con¬ way of mining in the big Cloncurry necessary for June reaching the smel¬ struction is progressing satisfactorily copper district. The Hampden com¬ ter. and that the “stamps will be dropping” 192 Engineering and Mining Journal Vol. 112, No. 5

by August. Mining operations are be¬ to Lordsburg, N. M., on the Southern territorial penitentiary. In 1915 a sec¬ ing carried ahead to increase the ore Pacific, and Hachita, on the El Paso ond outbreak occurred, which was reserves. & Southwestern, the latter a railroad notable in the fact that the new State’s One thousand pounds of high-grade system owned by the prospective pur¬ government took the side of the strik¬ gold telluride ore was recently shipped chaser. In the operating plant are ers, with incidental threats against the from Anchorage to the Tacoma smel¬ included three large stores, large hos¬ mine managers. Litigation over al¬ ter. The ore was mined near Indian pitals, libraries and offices. leged pollution of the streams from the River at Mile Eighty-six on the gov¬ A notice mailed from the home of¬ concentrators was ended when the ernment railroad. fice in Edinburgh on July 12 says: companies erected large dams for im¬ A newspaper dispatch from Anchor¬ “At a special meeting of the board pounding the tailings. age heralds the strike of several rich of the Arizona Copper Co. Ltd., held Tombstone.—The Solstice Mining & gold-bearing quartz veins near the today, a proposal was under considera¬ Milling Co. has reached the intersection station of Girdwood on the government tion by which the undertaking would be of the State of Maine and Bonanza railroad. It is reported that the veins sold for shares in an American cor¬ veins. The ore is 2J ft. wide and runs were first exposed in railroad cuts poration. In the present serious con¬ well in silver and gold. Green hornsilver along Tumagin Arm. Girdwood is 39 dition of the copper industry the is plainly visible throughout the vein. It miles south of Anchorage. directors consider it desirable to pro¬ is said to be the richest strike made in ceed with negotiations. A communica¬ the district in years. W. T. Boyd is MEXICO tion will be sent to the shareholders as manager and Dr. H. H. Hughart sec¬ Sinaloa soon as practicable.” retary. Auriferous Gravels Tested at Maripa It is understood that British war Gleeson.—The Black Hawk Copper (From San Francisco).—Ralph L. taxes have absorbed the greater part Co. has been organized to take over the Van der Naillen, of the American Gold of the returns from operation of the Pemberthy group. Development work Dredging Co., recently returned to San Arizona Copper Co.’s mines for a num¬ will start soon. J. E. Penberthy is at Francisco from the west coast of Mex¬ ber of years past, for most of the stock the head of this company. ico, where he made a preliminary is held in Scotland. Through post-war Patagonia.—The World’s Fair group, examination of placer ground at Mar¬ depression, the mines and works have consisting of fourteen claims and one ipa, in Sinaloa, close to the town of been closed for months past and the mill site, was offered for sale at No¬ Sinaloa. The examination was made thousands of employees, mainly Mexi¬ gales on July 23 to satisfy back taxes upon a concession described in the cans, have scattered. Limited opera¬ amounting to $17,449.31. tion is scarcely feasible, for the ores Journal of April 30, 1921, p. 759. The Jerome.—Steps to provide a develop¬ of the district are generally low-grade deposits are similar to the flood plain ment fund of $450,000 is reported to sulphides, needing economical handling, deposits of California and are evenly have been taken by the Verde Central in large quantity, for assurance of distributed over wide areas. The gold Mines, Inc. Part of this money is to profit at ordinary metal prices. is fine. Several 4 x 6-ft. prospect be secured by issuing 200,000 shares of shafts were sunk, and about 20 per The Arizona Copper is the oldest treasury stock, authorized by the Ari¬ copper mining corporation in Arizona, cent of the excavated material was zona Corporation Commission. The having been purchased in 1883 from washed. The black sands and gold money is to be spent in exploration at the Leszynsky Bros., whose main prop¬ were brought back for assay. The re¬ depth of two ore lenses of which the erty at the time was the famous Long¬ sult of the preliminary examination by tops are believed to have been cut re¬ Mr. Van der Naillen is said to be en¬ fellow mine, with rich oxide-carbonate cently in drifting. ores. A notable “baby gage” mining couraging. Much coarse gold has been James M. Layman, now in the east, placered in the Bacubarito district, and railroad had been built and a railroad is said to be working on a plan to con¬ as the Sinaloa and Fuerte rivers rise to Lordsburg had to be added. In 1892, solidate the Grand Island and Verde James Colquohoun, the manager, in the Sierra Madres and Sierra Tara- Chief properties, which lie in the south humare mountains, it is expected that added a sulphuric acid Ipaching plant, end of the Jerome district. the gold will be distributed in large the first in the Southwest, this at the Lack of employment in the lode areas of flood plain gravels suitable for old Clifton smelter site. In 1914, a mines has driven many miners, mainly dredging. Detailed examination by short distance below Clifton, a modern Mexicans, to the northern Arizona smelter was erected, with reverbera¬ drilling with the objective of discover¬ placers. A large number of men have ing the pay areas in the stream beds tory equipment, on designs of Dr. L. D. been washing the sands of Big Bug will be undertaken in September, as Ricketts. Last year the local property and other gulches in the Mayer sec¬ the rainy season is now on. of the Shannon Copper Co was ab¬ tion. sorbed, including many mining claims Phoenix. — The State Corporation ARIZONA in the Metcalf section, a railroad and smelting and concentrating plants be¬ Commission has authorized the Tom Phelps Dodge and Arizona Copper Still low Clifton. Reed Gold Mines Co. to sell 90,455 Discussing Possible Sale of The Phelps Dodge Corporation al¬ shares at $1, the Hackberry Extension Latter’s Property ready has large interests in the dis¬ Co. to sell 97,500 shares at 5c., and the Clifton.—Norman Carmichael, gen¬ trict, dating back to 1895, when a Moss Mines Co. to sell 500,000 shares eral manager of the Arizona Copper controlling interest was purchased in at 10c. Co., Ltd., has confirmed a report that the Detroit Copper Co. of Morenci, to Chloride.—Development is reported negotiations are under way in New which point had to be built a remark¬ suspended at the Dardenelles property, York for possible transfer to the able corkscrew narrow-gage railroad, near Chloride, after eighteen months Phelps Dodge Corporation of the prop¬ that since has been somewhat straight¬ work in the course of which the main erty of his company, which is repre¬ ened by “switchbacks.” The Detroit vein was explored for 400 ft. on the sented by J. Pentland, a director of mines have been greatly developed and 100 and 160 levels. Nine carloads of Edinburgh, Scotland. The purchase are equipped with a modern mill. A ore, averaging $40, have been shipped contemplated would give the Phelps smelter at Morenci has been dis¬ to smelters. A deep working shaft is Dodge interests possession of one of mantled, though with plans for its re¬ planned, with electrical equipment. the largest properties in the South¬ erection with more economical equip¬ W. W. Elliott, a Prescott millwright, west, including hundreds of mining ment. has completed construction on the Dean claims, from Clifton, up Chase Creek The district’s mining operations have property of a 60-ton mill, with K. & K. Canyon at Longfellow, Metcalf, Coro¬ been conducted with all harmony be¬ flotation machines. nado and Morenci, with a modern smel¬ tween the companies, with a general Globe.—The Arizona Asbestos Asso¬ ter below Clifton, several mills, a nar¬ side-line agreement in force. In 1903 ciation is reported to have shut down row-gage railroad system to the main serious labor trouble resulted in the and discharged 200 men, mainly Mexi¬ mining groups, a 107-mile broad-gage sentencing of the union leaders to the cans.

L July 30, 1921 Engineering and Mining Journal 193

COLORADO Park City.—Shipments for the week MONTANA ended July 16 amounted to 1,475 tons, Cripple Creek’s 1921 Output Expected Boston & Montana Dev. Co. Hastening as compared with 1,267 tons the week To Better That of Last Year Work of Equipping New Mill preceding. Shippers were: Silver Cripple Creek.—During the first half King Coalition, 767 tons; Ontario, 344; Elkhorn.—The Boston & Montana of the year 1921, the production of the and Judge allied companies, 364 tons. Development is hastening th% work of Cripple Creek district aggregated 235,- Material for the new mill of the Silver installing the equipment at its new 883 tons, valued at $2,843,100. Ship¬ King Coalition is arriving; 60 men are 750-ton flotation plant. The Hardinge ments decreased in June on account of employed on cement work, and con¬ Company, of New York, is supplying floods, which delayed work in several struction of the mill proper will begin the machinery. One million feet of of the mines and put the railroad out soon. The mine is in excellent condi¬ timber has been used in building this of operation. About 1,000 miners are tion; new reserves are being opened plant, which is 500 x 150 ft. in plan now employed, or about twice as many and production is heavy. Three hun¬ and 69 ft. high. Asbestos roofing is as in December last. The district is dred men are employed. used. The flow sheet has been so credited with a production in 1920 of Alta.—Shipments are being made by planned that it will be possible to in¬ $4,317,044 in gold, $37,745 in silver, the South Hecla, Columbus Rexall, and crease the capacity of the plant 50 and $25,210 in lead, a total of $4,360,- other companies from Little Cotton¬ per cent by installing rolls between the 203. An estimate of the 1921 produc¬ wood Canyon. The Cardiff, in Big Cot¬ gyratory crushers and the Hardinge tion, based on returns for the first six tonwood, is making steady shipments, mills. The mill bins have a capacity months, would be about $5,700,000. sending down the ore by trucks, which of 1,500 tons. The specifications for These figures serve to show how this can now make the climb to the ore bins the tramway from mine to mill call for famous camp has declined since the at the mine instead of halting at South electric motors to haul twelve three- record years. Fork, as formerly. The Woodlawn, ton cars. Two gyratories, each capable Gillett.—The diamond-drill hole be¬ also in Big Cottonwood, is making of crushing 250 tons in eight hours, ing sunk by the Vindicator Company shipments of accumulated ore. Four will give the ore its first treatment, has attained a depth of 1,350 ft. The teams are hauling at present. the crushed product going to the fine drill is now in intrusive granite, and broken rock has already appeared in the core.

UTAH Status of Tailings Dump for Taxation Purposes To Be Decided by Court —Alta Camp Busy Salt Lake City, July 21.—The ques¬ tion as to whether a tailings dump should be taxed as a part of the mine from which it has been derived, or separately, is being brought up before the U. S. District Court at Salt Lake City. The Utah Copper Co. is opposing the attempt of the officials of Salt Lake County to assess its tailings dump separately from the mine; on the other hand the company that now has con¬ trol of the dump of the old Cactus or Newhouse mine in Beaver County, is opposing a valuation placed on the dump of three times the net proceeds for the year. This company seeks to have this valuation set aside, on the ground that the tailings dump value could not possibly have exceeded what was actually derived from it, and fur¬ ther that the tailings was sepa- mill OF BOSTON & Montana development co. at elkhorn, mont. rate from the mine. The case of the Utah Copper Co. was argued and sub¬ mitted before Judge Johnson, July 11, Lead furnaces in blast at the Salt ore bins. Thence by automatic feeders but owing to a similarity of issues in¬ Lake Valley plants the latter part of to 8 ft. X 48 in. Hardinge mills volved attorneys for the company at July were as follows: the United States where it will be crushed to 30-mesh. Newhouse have been granted permis¬ Smelting Co., at Midvale, had three Thence it will go to classifiers and to sion to file their briefs in the case at lead furnaces in blast and one furnace eight James roughing tables, the con¬ the bar. on matte concentration; the A. S. & R. centrates going to four James finishing Eureka.—Ore shipments from the at Murray had three lead furnaces in tables. From the finishing tables the Tintic district for the week ended July blast. The International Smelting Co. tailings will go to 7 ft. x 36-in. Har¬ 16 amounted to 129 cars as compared at Tooele closed down its two lead fur¬ dinge mills, where they will be crushed with 156 cars the week preceeding. naces July 5. to 60-mesh. Dorr thickeners, 40 ft. in Shippers were: Tintic Standard, 42 diameter, will be used, followed by six¬ cars; Chief Consolidated, 32; Iron King, IDAHO teen Janney flotation cells. These in 12; Eagle & Blue Bell, 12; Victoria, 10; General Engineering Co. Building Mill turn being followed by 50-ft. Dorr Dragon, 8; Iron Blossom, 6; Swansea. at Armstead Mines thickeners and Oliver filters. There 2; Mammoth, 3; Gold Chain, 1; Eureka Talache—Active work on construc¬ will be in all twenty-four James tables Hill, 1; total, 129 cars. The East Tin¬ tion of the mill for the Armstead Mines, each with a capacity of 50 tons daily, tic Coalition will resume work. The Inc., is well under way. The General with sixteen for roughing and eight for property is electrically equipped, and Engineering Co., Salt Lake City, is finishing. There will be four Hardinge has a compressor, hoist, and other furnishing the plans and supervising ball mills, two for coarse grinding and equipment. construction. two for fine. 194 Engineering and Mining Journal Vol. 112, No. 5

OREGON ARKANSAS both are producing to capacity. Mo¬ Gem Mining Co. To Build Small White River Manganese Co. Completes hawk is sending 2,600 tons of “rock” Cyanide Plant New Washing Plant to the mill daily, while Wolverine aver¬ ages 1,000. Sinking has been resumed Baker—Following tests by an engi¬ Batesville—^The White River Man¬ in No. 1 shaft, Mohawk, and No. 4 and neering company of Salt Lake City on ganese Co., operating on a sixty-acre No. 6 are also being deepened. Wol¬ ores of the Gem mine, near Susanville, tract on Polk Bayou, ten miles north¬ verine is still mining the shaft pillars Grant County, on the Sumpter Valley west of Batesville, has recently completed on the 38th or bottom level. Mohawk Ry., cyaniding was recommended as a 200-ton washing plant. The equip¬ is managing to make a new dollar for the best plan of treatment. The com¬ ment includes 25-ft. double log washer, an old one at the present price of pany has announced its intention to a six-cell cleaner jig, and a five-cell copper, while Wolverine has its costs build a 60-ton cyanide plant. Recov¬ rougher. The larger pieces of ore are within a cent of the prevailing price. ery of gold is reported to vary from recovered directly in the log washer, Seneca’s 6th level drift, north, which 96.67 to 93.33 per cent, and that of the fines passing through a chute and has been in ground below that of the silver from 72.73 to 45.45 per cent. The sizing screens to the jigs. The mine average for the mine during the last purchase of the Belle of Baker and workings consist of a series of large ten days, is now showing an improve¬ Red Fox properties, near Sumpter, on pits. Drag-line equipment is used. behalf of Hamilton Mammoth Mines, Most of the ore is finely disseminated ment. The average of the “rock” hoisted from all openings continues Inc., has been reported. through clay. The dirt is broken by shallow shots. Three pits will be opened, high. The 3d and 5th level drifts and WASHINGTON which will allow the drag line to work the 4th level stope are in good milling Small Concentrator Erected at North- in one while the other two are being “rock.” port Smelter shot. The company’s office is at Gary, Marquette Range Valley—Surface prospecting on the Ind. W. Rinehart is local manager. Oliver Company To Cut Wages Aug. 1 Admiral group has resulted in the un¬ Guion—The Silica Products Co., —Mary Charlotte Mine In¬ covering of a promising tissue vein with which is operating a large glass-sand creases Force an iron filling strongly impregnated quarry here, has just completed a 200- with copper. Ishpeming—The Oliver Iron Mining ton grinding and drying plant. This re¬ Keller—Cyanide tanks for the Iron Co. has announced that wages will be places a plant of smaller capacity which cut 10 per cent at the mines on Aug. 1, Creek mill have been hauled from Wil¬ was destroyed last winter by fire. The bur to the property. this being the second cut this year. equipment of the plant consists of a The first was one of 20 per cent. The Northport — A small mill has been 16-in. breaker, a large rotary drier, and company has been working half-time put in on the Northport smelter grounds one set of 24-in. rolls, besides numerous in Michigan. for treating the mixed lead and zinc elevators and a power plant. All shovel¬ Negaunee—The Mary Charlotte mine ores of the Gust Maki mine, a local ing in the quarry is carried on with a has increased its underground force by prospect of promise. A good separa¬ large steam shovel, which shows a big 110 men. This is the only property on tion is being effected. It is planned to saving in operating costs over hand the Marquette Range which is operat¬ ship the zinc product to Mineral Point, operation. The product runs 99.8 silica ing two shifts on a full-time basis. All Wis., for treatment. and contains no foreign matter to make ore hoisted is being shipped to the it objectionable. D. D. Duncan, for¬ CALIFORNIA docks. merly of Joplin, Mo., is in active charge. Strikers at Grass Valley Return to Gogebic Range Work—New Dredge Being MISSOURI Built Near Lewiston Oliver Iron Again Curtails After National Silica Co. To Build 100-Ton Recent Resumption on Half time Grass Valley.—Striking miners in Mill this district have returned to work, Ironwood—The Oliver Iron Mining Cape Girardeau—The National Silica having agreed to the appointment of Co., which recently put its mines on Mining Co. has a property 5i miles an arbitration board which will adjust half time, has again curtailed work northwest of Cape Girardeau, near the the wage difficulty. and cut the number of working days Cape Girardeau Northern R.R. It con¬ to four per week. This gives the Colfax.—The old Iowa Hill mining sists of one of the largest deposits of majority of men eight working days district is again active. It is said that pure amorphous silica in the United per month. mine properties are under development States. Plans are being drawn for a Ironwood—Shipments of iron ore or are being reopened. Lyman Gilmore, 100-ton mill. The company also has a from stockpiles have commenced at the according to local accounts, has suc¬ bed of kaolin of good grade at a depth Cary and Sunday Lake mines. It is be¬ ceeded in tapping the Big Dipper of 60 ft., to which a shaft is being sunk. lieved that underground operations at channel. The company is incorporated for $200,- these properties will not be resumed Redding.—L. Gardella is construct¬ 000. R. W. Finley is president, J. W. until most of the ore in stockpiles has ing a gold dredge on the Paulsen ranch Wood secretary, and Arch A. Camp¬ been removed. near Lewiston. Gravels along the bell, treasurer. Trinity River will be dredged. Menominee Range The Shasta Zinc & Copper Co. has MICHIGAN Part of Bates Mine Plant Burned — successfully operated its new plant. The Copper Country Carpenter Shipping From Stock The Mountain Copper Co. is con¬ More Copper Shipped Abroad—Mohawk Iron River—Fire recently destroyed structing its wire rope tramway from and Wolverine Are Holding Own— the engine house and supply buildings the Hornet and Iron Mountain mines Seneca’s Ground improving at the Bates mine. Hoisting will have to Mathewson, the new town estab¬ Houghton—A shipment of 900,000 lb. to be discontinued for the present, but lished four miles north of Keswick. of copper was taken out July 20 by the pumps are running. Most of the The latter place will probably be steamer. It included 300,000 lb. of men have been laid off until repairs abandoned. Calumet & Hecla metal for France, can be made. NEVADA completing a 600,000 lb. order, the first Crystal Falls—The Carpenter is load¬ Pioche—Stockholders of the Prince 300,000 lb. leaving July 16. But little ing ore from stockpile, being one of Consolidated have been given an op¬ inland domestic copper business is being the few Menominee Range mines to portunity to subscribe to a new issue done by any of the Lake Superior com¬ be shipping from stock. Sixty cars are of 150,000 shares of treasury stock at panies, only an occasional carload going being loaded daily. The Balkan mine 25c. The funds thus raised will be out. There has been a notable dearth is shipping all ore hoisted, but nothing used to finance the work of exploring of orders from the automotive centers. is moving from the stockpiles. The the eastern and western orebodies on Both Mohawk and Wolverine have operators are not so optimistic now the 833 level. The company’s stock is had little difficulty in holding their that there will be a period of activity not assessable. organizations intact and as a result before navigation closes. July 30, 1921 Engineering and Mining Journal 195

The Market Report

to accept near-by delivery. In fact the Daily Prices of Metals Anaconda interests are reported to be the only ones which are absolutely out Copper, N. Y., Tin 1 Lead | Zinc of the market at current levels. The July Electrolytic 99 Per Cent Straits N. Y. St. L. St. L. fact that the larger producers are willing to meet competition is con¬ 21 12.00 25.75 26.75 4.35@4,40 [email protected] [email protected] sidered by many to be an unsatisfactory 22 12.00 26.125 27.CO [email protected] 4.20@,4.25 [email protected] feature of the present market, as lit¬ 23 [email protected] 26.125 27.00 4 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] tle can be sold at any price, and it will 25 11.75 25.625 26.50 [email protected] 4 [email protected] 4.20 26 11.75 25 125 26 00 [email protected] [email protected] 4.20 only force weaker interests to make 27 11.75 25 375 26.375 [email protected] [email protected] 4.20 further cuts. Export demand has been poor, with •These prices correspond to the following quotations for copper, "delivered”: keen competition continuing from Lon¬ 21st. 12.25c.; 22d, 12.25c.; 23d, [email protected]. ; 25th. 12c.; 26th, 12c.; 27th, 12c. don. To cite an example, on Monday The above quotations are our appraisal of the average of the major markets based generally on sales as made and reported by producers and agencies, and represent to a sale of 300 tons of electrolytic was the best of our judgment the prevailing values of the metals for deliveries constituting made at £75/5, which was the equi¬ the major markets, reduced to the basis of New York, cash, except where St. Louis is the normal basing point, or as otherwise noted. All prices are in cents per pound. valent of 12c., c.i.f. Liverpool, or 11.40c., Copper is commonly sold "delivered." which means that the seller pays Uie freight from f.a.s. New York. the refinery to the buyer’s destination. Quotations for copper are for ordinary forms of wire bars, ingot bars and cakes. Lead For Ingots an extra of 0.05c. per lb. is charged and there are other extras for o^er shapes. Cathodes are sold at a discount of 0.125c. per lb. The American Smelting & Refining Quotations for zinc are for ordinary Prime Western brands. Tin is quoted on the Co. continues its official contract price basis of spot American tin, 99 per cent grade, and spot Straits tin. at 4.40c. Demand has been poor during the London last week, but fortunately there has been no pressure to sell on the part of Copper producers, so that the price . has re¬ Lead Zinc July Standard mained at the closing level of last Spot 3 M lytic Spot 3 M Spot 3 M Spot 3 M week. The market in the Middle West seems to be in a particularly quiescent 21 701 ‘01 741 161 163 4i 23| 251 261 state, with practically no sales, and 23| 26 22 70i 7U 74i 162f 1641 24i 261 quotations therefore largely nominal. 23 The white lead trade is weakening some¬ 25 70 701 74^ 160i I62f 23J 231 251 261 26 70 70? 75 1581 160i- 23^ 231 25i 261 what, but not to an alarming degree 27 70 701 75 1581 1601 23J 221 25! 261 and scarcely more than was to be ex¬ pected at this time. Many manufactur¬ The above table gives the closing quotations on the London Metal Exchange. All prices in pounds sterling per ton of 2.240 lb. ers continue to be away behind on their orders. The storage battery business continues to be satisfactory and should Silver and Sterling Exchange remain an important consumer of lead Silver Silver for some time. Sterling Sterling Zinc York Exchange New York New York, Exchange New York July July “Checks" Domestic Foreign London “Checks” Domestic Foreign London The market has become a trifle Origin Origin Origin Origin firmer, and it would be difficult to 21 3571 991 601 38 25 3571 991 611 38f obtain zinc today below 4.20c., East 22 3581 99i 601 38 26 3561 991 611 381 St. Louis. High-grade is in fair de¬ 23 358 991 601 38 27 357 991 61f 39 mand, and several carloads have been New York quotations are as reported by Handy & Harman and are in cents per sold at the prices quoted last week. troy ounce of bar silver, 999 fine. London quotations are in pence per troy ounce of sterling silver, 925 fine. Sterling quotations represent the demand market in the forenoon. Tin Consumers do not seem to have rushed in to take advantage of the Metal Markets cellaneous wire bars which a broker current low prices, and considering found it necessary to sell, as reported fundamental conditions it would seem New York, July 27, 1921 last week, seems to have started a that they are wisely advised. Total The midsummer dullness has con¬ decided upset in the market. With world stocks of tin, including a small tinued in even more acute form during the decline, consumers remained aloof, tonnage not yet smelted, are probably the last week. Prices of lead and zinc waiting to see how low the price would about 65,000 tons, and current produc¬ have held steady, even with the lack of go. Some of the smaller producers, in tion is possibly 2,000 tons per month demand, but copper has succumbed to an effort to market current production, in excess of consumption. It is not pressure to sell, and the low level of quoted 12.25c., delivered, on Thursday peculiar, therefore, that prices are so last March has again been reached, and Friday, but on Monday found it low. Also the fact must be considered with no prospect of an early improve¬ necessary to come to 12c., and offers of that the London price, compared with ment. Tin has followed the London spot copper at this price were turned New York, is high on account of the quotations and weak sterling exchange, down yesterday. In the last three days depressed rate for sterling exchange. to the lowest price since December, copper for delivery as late as Septem¬ Forward delivery in New York con¬ 1907. ber has been sold at the 12c., delivered, tinues to be quoted at the same prices price. It is doubtful if preferred con¬ as spot. Copper sumers would have difficulty in getting Arrivals of tin in long tons: July The copper market seems to be de¬ all of the copper they want at this 21st, Australia, 5; 22d, Straits, 175; moralized. The small tonnage of mis¬ price, especially if they were willing 25th, Rotterdam, 25; 26th, London, 200. 196 Engineering and Mining Journal Vol. 112, No. 5

Gold the market from a $72 per oz. level to 'Zirkite—According to conditions, $70 Gold in London: July 21st, 114s. lid.; a $65 level that is far from being firm. @$90 per ton, carload lots. Pure white 22d, 114s. 9d.; 25th, 114s. 8d.; 26th, The drop is ascribed to the selling of oxide, 99 per cent, is quoted at $1.15 114s. lOd.; 27th, 114s. lOd. some Colombian platinum that had been per lb. in ton lots. held for a rise in the market and which Zinc and Lead Ore Markets Foreign Exchange was sold because the general position of platinum is none too good. The Joplin, Mo., July 23.—Zinc blende, Sterling “cables” were quoted prospect of some Russian platinum be¬ per ton, high, $24.65; basis 60 per cent throughout the week one-half cent ing thrown on the market, coupled with zinc, premium, $22; Prime Western, higher than the demand figures given the lack of demand from the jewelry $21; fines and slimes, $20@$18; aver¬ in the table on page 195. On Tuesday, trade, is supposed to have influenced the age settling price, all grades of zinc, July 26, francs were 7.7275c.; lire, selling of platinum during the week. $21.62. 4.2875c.; and marks, 1.2775c. New Palladium has also declined. Lead, high, $53.60; basis 80 per cent York funds in Montreal, 12t'5 per cent Quicksilver—Nominally, $43.50(S)$45 lead, $45 @$47.50; average settling premium. per 75-lb. flask. San Francisco wires price, all grades of lead, $46.51 per ton. Silver $46. 'Rhodium—$150 per troy oz. Shipments for the week: Blende, After the fall to 37d. on July 20, 4,748; lead, 1,552 tons. Value, all ores 'Selenium—Black powdered, amor¬ caused by China sales, the London the week, $174,880. phous, 99.5 per cent pure, $2@$2.25 per market advanced sharply on Indian buy¬ An effort to secure zinc blende on lb. ing. This demand was also felt here, $20 basis brought a very light tonnage as bids were made in the New York 'Thallium Metal—Ingot, 99 per cent on the market, but later offerings of market on the afternoon of the 20th pure, $20 per lb. $21, Oklahoma, secured an increased at a very high premium over the official 'Tungsten Metal—Wire, $35@$60 per tonnage, yet less than the production price. London held steady for three kilogram, according to purity and gage. was bought. days, then advanced because of com¬ Offerings on lead were advanced bined buying for China and India ac¬ Metallic Ores from $45, with few takers, to $47.50, count. New York also advanced despite Chrome Ore—Ore analyzing 40@45 with sellers accepting all offerings. the continued weakness of sterling ex¬ per cent CrjOs, crude, $20 @$25 per net Production is variously estimated by change, and prices in both New York ton; ground, $30; analyzing 45@50 per different purchasing agents from 4,500 and San Francisco ruled on a higher cent CrjOs, $30; ground, $35; f.o.b. to 6,000 tons per week. level than the London parity. Atlantic ports. Quotations are nominal. Platteville, Wis., July 23.—No mar¬ Mexican Dollars—July 21, 46J; 22d, Iron Ore—Lake Superior ores, per ket for zinc or lead ores. Shipments 46i; 23d, 461; 25th, 47; 26th, 47; 27th, ton. Lower Lake ports: Old Range bes- for the week, none. Shipments for the 471. semer, 55 per cent iron, $6.45; Mesabi year: Blende, 11,461; lead, 978 tons. Other Metals bessemer, 55 per cent iron, $6.20; Old Shipped during the week to separating Quotations cover large wholesale lots unless Range non-bessemer, 51J per cent iron, plants, 120 tons blende. otherwise specified $5.70; Mesabi non-bessemer, 515 per Non-Metallic Minerals Aluminum—List prices of 24.5@25c. cent iron, $5.55. are nominal. Outside market, 21(S)23c. Magnetite Ore—F.o.b. Port Henry, Asbestos — Crude, No. 1, $1,700@ per lb.; 22ic. for imports, duty paid. N. Y.: Old bed 21 furnace, $4.85; old $2,000; No. 2, $1,200@$1,500; spinning fibers, $400@$800; magnesia and com¬ Antimony — Chinese and Japanese bed concentrates, 63 per cent, $5.75; pressed sheet fibres, $275@$400; shingle brands, 4|c.; market dull. W.C.C. brand, Harmony, cobbed, 63 per cent, $5.75; stock, $95@$150; paper stock, $60@ 6§@5ic. per lb. Cookson’s “C” grade, new bed low phosphorus, 65 per cent, $8.50. $75; cement stock, $17.50@$30; floats, spot, 9@9|c. Chinese needle anti¬ $8.50@$15, all per short ton, f.o.b. mony, lump, nominal at 4c. per lb. Manganese Ore—22c. per unit, sea¬ Thetford, Broughton, and Black Lak« Standard powdered needle antimony port; chemical ore (MnOj) $50@$55 mines, Quebec, Canada; 5 per cent to (200 mesh), nominal at 6@6ic. per lb. per gross ton, lump; $70@$75 per net be added as export sales tax. White antimony oxide, Chinese, ton, powdered. Nominal. Barytes—Crude, 88 to 94 per cent guaranteed 99 per cent SbiOi, whole¬ Molybdenum Ore—85 per cent MoSi, barium content, $10@$12 per net ton; sale lots, 6i@7c. 55@60c. per lb. of contained sulphide. ground (white) $24@$30 in bags, car¬ New York. Bismuth—$1.50@$1.55 per lb., 500- load lots; (off-color) $22@$26 in bags, Ib. lots. Tantalum Ore—Guaranteed minimum carload lots; all f.o.b. South Carolina Cadmium—Range $1@$1.10 per lb., 60 per cent tantalic acid, 50c. per lb. points. Foreign barytes, prime white fai 1,000-lb. lots. Smaller quantities, in ton lots. material, $25 per net ton, f.o.b. Atlantic |1.10@$1.25 per lb. 'Titanium Ores—Hmenite, 52 per cent seaports. Western grades are $24.50. Cobalt — Metal, $3@$3.25 per lb.; TiOj, 15@2c. per lb. for ore. Rutile, 95 Crude quoted $7@$10 per long ton, black oxide, $2.35 per lb. in bbls. per cent TiOi, 12c. per lb. for ore, with f.o.b. Cartersville, Ga. Iridium—Nominal, $165@$185 per oz. concessions on large lots or contracts. Bauxite — French bauxite, $8@$10 ^Molybdenum Metal—In rod or wire Tungsten Ore—Scheelite or wolfram¬ per metric ton, c.i.f. Atlantic ports. form, 99.9 per cent pure, $32@$40 per ite, 60 per cent WOa and over, per unit American bauxite, crushed and dried, lb., according to gage. of WOa, $3@$3.25, f.o.b. Atlantic ports. $8@$10 per gross ton, f.o.b. shipping points; pulverized and dried, $12@$15 Uranium Ore (Camotite)—Ore con¬ Nickel—Standard market, ingot, 41c.; per gross ton, depending upon grade; taining 15 per cent UaOg and 5 per cent shot, 41c.; electrol3rtic, 44c. Small ton¬ calcined so as to remove most of the V»Oi sells for $1.50 per lb. of UtOi and nages, spot, 35@40c. combined water, $20 per gross ton, f.o.b. 75c. per lb. of ViOi; ore containing 2 Monel Metal—Shot, 35c.; blocks, 35c., shipping point. and ingots, 38c. per lb., f.o.b. Bayonne. per cent UiOs and 5 per cent V*0» sells for $2.25 and 75c. per lb., respectively; Chalk—English, extra light, 5c. Do¬ Osmium—$70(S)$80 per troy oz. Nom¬ higher UjOt and V,Oi content com¬ mestic light, 45c.; heavy, 4c. per lb., inal $70, Los Angeles, Cal. mands proportionately higher prices. all f.o.b. New York. Palladium—Nominally, $48(a)$52 per Vanadium Ore—$1 per lb. of VjO. China Clay (Kaolin)—Crude, $6.50@ oz. (guaranteed minimum of 18 per cent $8.50; washed, $9@$10; powdered, $13@ Platinum—Nominally, $65 per oz. VsOs), New York. Nominal. $20; bags extra, per net ton, f.o.b. The platinum market has taken a mines, Georgia; powdered clay, $13@ 'Zircon—Washed, iron free, 3c. per Ih. heavy fall, declines in price occurring $20, f.o.b. Virginia points. Imported lump, $12@$20, f.o.b. American ports; almost daily, but being most pronounced ^Furnished by Foote Mineral Co., Plilla- on July 20, 23, and 26, and carrying delnbia. Pa. powdered, $35@$45, f.o.b. New York. July 30, 1921 Engineering and Mining Journal 197

Emery—^Turkish emery, 6@6ic. per Pumice Stone—Imported, lump, 3@ Metal Products lb., depending upon fineness. Inferior 40c. per lb.; domestic lump, 5c.; ground, Copper Sheets—Current New York grades, 3ic., f.o.b. New England points. 5(3)6c., all f.o.b. New York. list price, 20i(S)20ic. per lb.; wire, 14 Feldspar—No. 1 soap grade, $7@$7.50 Pyrites—Spanish fines, per unit, 12c., @14ic. per ton, f.o.b. North Carolina points; c.i.f. Atlantic seaport; furnace size, Lead Sheets—Full lead sheets, 8.25c.; No. 1 pottery, $6@$6.50; No. 2, $5@ 12c.; Spanish lump, 12@14c.; domestic cut lead sheets, 8Jc. in quantity, mill $5.50. Market dull. Large stocks are fines, f.o.b. mines, Georgia, ll@12c. lots. available and quotations are nominal. Silica — Glass sand, $2.25 per ton; Producers report cancellations of orders. Nickel Silver — 31Jc. per lb. for 18 sand-blast material, $2.25, both f.o.b. per cent nickel. Grade “A” sheets. No. 1, Canadian, ground, $26 f.o.b. cars. Indiana points. Amorphous or decom¬ Yellow Metal — Dimension sheet* Fluorspar — Gravel, guaranteed 86 posed variety, soft silica, 250 to 500 mesh, $16(3)$30 per ton. Ganister, 162c.; sheathing, 165c.; rods, I to 3 in., per cent calcium fluoride and not over 132c. 6 per cent silica, $20@$22.50 per ton, crude, $2.50 per ton, f.o.b. Illinois points. f.o.b. Illinois and Kentucky mines; acid, Molding sand, building sand, glass Zinc Sheets—$10 per 100 lb., less 8 glass, and enamel grades, $40@$55; sand, $2.25(g)$3, f.o.b. Pennsylvania per cent on carload lots, f.o.b. smelter. ground, suitable for acid, chemical or points. Market reported dull. enameling purposes, $32@$35; lump, Sulphur—$16@$18 per ton for do¬ Refractories $13.50, f.o.b. Lordsburg, N. M. Ground mestic; $18@$20 for export, f.o.b. Bauxite Brick—56 per cent alumina, acid grade, 97 per cent CaF2, $30, New Texas and Louisiana mines. Market $35(g)$50 per ton, f.o.b. works. Mexico. quiet. Chrome Cement—40@46 per cent Fuller’s Earth—16 to 30 mesh, $21; Talc—Paper making, $ll(g)$20 per CrjOa, $30(g)$32 per net ton, and $31 in 30 to 60 mesh, $23; 60 to 100 mesh, $19; ton; roofing grades, $8.50@$13; rubber sacks, carload lots, f.o.b. eastern ship¬ 100 plus mesh, $15, f.o.b. plants, Penn¬ grades, $ll(g)$18; all f.o.b. Vermont. ping points. sylvania. California grades, $15@$25, California talc, $16@$35, talcum powder Chrome Brick—Straights, $60@$65 f.o.b. mines. Imported, English, $24@ grade. Southern talc, powdered, car- per net ton, shipping point; arches, $27, f.o.b. Atlantic ports. load lots, $7,50@$11 per ton; less than keys, wedges, $66; splits, soaps, $84. carload, $25, f.o.b. cars. Imported, Graphite—Ceylon lump, first quality, Fire Brick—First quality, 9-in. shapes. $35@$40; Canadian, $20@$40 per ton. 7(2)8c. per lb.; chip, 5J@6c.; dust, 3 $35@$40 per 1,000, Pennsylvania, Ohio @4ic. No. 1 flake, 6i@7c.; amorphous and Kentucky. Second quality, $30@$35. Mineral Products crude, 3@2Jc. Market quiet. Magnesite Brick—9-in. straights, *$70 Gypsum—Plaster of paris in carload Arsenic — White arsenic, 6ic. per @$75 per net ton; 9-in. arches, wedges lots sells for $4.25 per 250-lb. bbl., lb. in carload lots. and keys, $77; soaps and splits, $98, alongside dock. New York. Raw crushed Sodium Nitrate—$2.50(3)$2.60 per cwt. f.o.b. works. rock, $3.50@$4.50; calcined stucco, $9; ex vessel, Atlantic ports. Silica Brick—9-in., per 1,000: $35@ f.o.b. works, Illinois. Sodium Sulphate—For 95 per cent $45 in carload lots, f.o.b. shipping Kaolin—See China Clay. material, $16(S)$18 per ton, f.o.b. West¬ points. ern mines, spot and six months’ con¬ Limestone—Crushed, New York State tract; $33@$35 per ton. New York. The Iron Trade shipping points, i in. size, $1.40@$1.75 Potassium Sulphate—Powder, domes¬ Pittsburgh, July 26, 1921 per net ton; li in., $1.35(2)$1.70. Prices tic, $1.35 per unit, basis 90 per cent, There has been further, though for other sizes practically the same. f.o.b. New York. slight, improvement in the demand Agricultural limestone, $2.50@$4.50 per upon the mills for some finished steel net ton, f.o.b. eastern shipping points, Ferro-Alloys depending upon analysis. products, and in no important steel product has there been any decrease. Ferrotitanium—For 16 to 18 per cent Magnesite, Calcined — Crude, $12@ Bars are fairly steady at 1.75c. and material, $200(3)$225 per ton, f.o.b. $15 per ton. High-grade caustic cal¬ plates and shapes at 1.85c., represent¬ Niagara Falls, N. Y. cined, lump form, $30@$40 per ton. ing declines in the week of $3 in bars Plastic calcined, $56 in barrels, carload Ferrocerium—Per lb., $12(g)$16. and $1 in shapes and plates. Black and lots, f.o.b. California points. Atlantic Ferrochrome—Carload lots, spot and galvanized sheets have declined alto¬ seaboard, $60. contract, 60 to 70 per cent chromium, 6 gether about $5 a ton from the prices Dead-Burned — $33 per net ton, to 8 per cent carbon, 14c. per lb. of formerly announced July 5, with black Chewelah, Wash.; $58@$64, Chester, chromium contained; 4 to 6 per cent at 3.25c. and galvanized at 4.25c. Steel Pa. Austrian grade, $53.80 per ton, carbon, 15c., f.o.b. works. prices in general are about 40 per cent f.o.b., Chester, Pa. (Magnesite brick— Ferromanganese—Domestic 76 to 80 above their average of 1904 to 1913 in¬ See Refractories.) per cent, $70, f.o.b. furnace; resale, $90, clusive. delivered; English, $70, c.i.f. Atlantic At some points mill operations show Mica—India block mica, slightly seaports. Spiegeleisen, 18@20 per cent, a slight increase, but there is not much stained, per lb.: No. 6, 35c.; No. 5, $26(§)$25, f.o.b. furnace. change, and the general average is per¬ $1.20; No. 4, $2.50@$3; No. 3, $3.50(3) Ferromolybdenum—Standard grades, haps not above 20 per cent of capacity. $4; No. 2, $4.50@$6; No. 1, $5.50(3) carrying from 60 to 60 per cent molyb¬ Nearly all business is rush business, $6.60. Clear block: No. 6, 60c.; No. 6, denum metal, with low sulphur, phos¬ arising chiefly from depletion of stocks $1.76; No. 4, $3.26; No. 3, $6; No. 2, phorus, and arsenic, $2.50 per lb. of of jobbers and manufacturing consum¬ $6.50; No. 1, $8; Al, $6.50@$8.50; extra contained metal, f.o.b. works. Imported ers. A little increase in demand for large, $25; ground, wallpaper grade, material, $1.70@$2. construction work is noticed. $90(3)$160 per ton (depending upon Pig Iron—Some small transactions quantity); ground roofing mica, $25(g) Ferrosilicon—For 10 to 16 per cent, have shown prices lower by 50c. on $70, all f.o.b. New York. per gross ton, f.o.b. works, $40(a)$42; 50 per cent, $65@$68; 75 per cent, $135. basic and $1 on foundry, and we now ’Monazite — Minimum of 6 per cent Ferrotungsten—Domestic, 70 to 80 quote: Bessemer, $20.50; basic, $19; thorium oxide, quoted $30 per unit, duty per cent W, 50(^55c. per lb. of con¬ foundry, $19.50, f.o.b. Valley furnaces. paid. tained tungsten, f.o.b. works. Foreign, Freight to Pittsburgh is $1.96, but Phosphate Rock—Per long ton, Flor¬ 50c., duty paid, f.o.b. Atlantic ports. some near-by furnaces might name lower delivered prices than the Valley ida ports: 77 per cent tricalcium phos¬ Ferro-uranium—35 to 60 per cent U, market plus freight. phate, $12.50; 75 per cent, $11.50; 75@ $6 per lb. of U contained, f.o.b. works. 74 per cent, $11; 70 per cent, $6.75; 68 Coke per cent, $6.25; 68@66 per cent, $6. Ferrovanadium—$4.25(3)$4.50 per lb. of V contained, according to analyses Connellsville — Furnace, $2.75@$3: >Foote Mineral Co., Philadelphia, Pa, and quantity. foundry, $4@$4.50. 198 Engineering and Mining Journal Vol. 112, No. 5

Bismuth Prices Hold Steadily Movements of Ores and Metals for June, 1921 Imports and exports of the more important metals and London Controls American Quotations on the Metal, ores, as reported by the Department of Commerce for June, Which Are Now Below the Pre-War Level 1921, and the figures for June, 1920, as finally revised, are The bismuth market is closely held in British hands, as follows: with one firm, Johnson, Matthey & Co., Ltd., the chief IMPORTS, JUNE, 1920 AND 1921 producers and ore buyers. Consequently the London price (In Pounds, Unless Otherwise Stated) of bismuth governs the quotation in the United States. June, 1920 June, 1921 .\ntimony matte, regulus, or metal. 1,523,754 3,367,600 American prices are merely the reflection of the London Brass, fit only for remanufacture. 4,947,483 891,194 figures, translated into dollars and considering the inci¬ Copper: dental charges which are necessary to reduce the prices Ore, contents. 6,302,487 3,996,171 Concentrates, contents. 5,019,946 34,317 to a c.i.f. basis at an Atlantic port in this country. The Matte, regulus, etc., contents. 4,296,965 1,098,577 London price, it should be noted, is not obtained in an Imported from (in part): Spain. 427,077 270,407 open market as with other metals dealt in on the London Canada. 3,782,665 383,737 exchange, but is fixed at a certain level, only to be altered Mexico. 2,571,512 340,712 Chile. 5,333,065 3,200,931 when a fundamental change in market conditions demands Peru. 117,401 82,176 Unrefined, black, blister, etc. 23,415,143 12,531,637 it. Such changes are of rare occurrence. There were but Inmorted from (in part): three London price fluctuations during the four years of Canada. 2,942,447 320,962 the war. The present British price is 7s. 6d., a reduction Chile. 2,735,118 1,099,583 Peru. 10,985,334 9,951,501 made on Feb. 12, 1921, from the previous price of 12s. 6d. Portuguese Africa. 938,546 1,103,736 Mexico. 5,569,366 305 The following table shows the few variations in price during United Kingdom. 6,755 the last nine years: Refined, in bars, plates, etc. 34,564,563 2,812,467 Old, etc., for remanufacture.. 2,015,625 59,432 Per Pound Composition metal, copper chief value. 215,678 434,450 Lead: January, 1912, to Aug. 17, 1914. 7a. 6d. Ore, contents. 2,439,656 688,585 August 18, 1914, to March 7, 1916. lO.s. Od. Bullion, contents.. 7,111,666 5,582,016 March 8, 1916 to Jan. 27, 1918. 11s. Od. Irrmort^from: Canada. 1,040,480 . 227,583 January 28, 1918toFeb. 12, 1921. 12s. 6d. Mexico. 8,148,155 5,775,272 February 12, 1921 to date. 7s. 6d. Other countries. 362,687 267,746 Pigs, bars and old. 1,152,304 17,442,890 The peak quotation was thus 12s. 6d., and the recent drop Imported from: Germany. 960 to 7s. 6d. represents a decline in one step to a pre-war Canada. 30 figure. Inasmuch as sterling exchange is now depreciated Mexico. 863,482 8,485,130 Jamaica. 63,000 to about 72 i)er cent of its normal value, the price of bismuth Brazil. 7,777 is below the pre-war parity, calculated to an American basis, Dutch East Indies. 216,801 Japan. 184 but is at the pre-war level from the British standpoint. Spain. 8,957,760 Like a good many other metals, bismuth is a byproduct. Manganese ore, long tons. 80,329 17,169 Inmorted from (in part): It is recovered from the electrolytic refining of copper, lead, Cuba, long tons. 32 and tin. References upon the subject frequently fail to Brazil, long tons. 64,900 9,600 state that the refining of tin is an important source of British India, long tons. 4,500 7,560 bismuth, due, no doubt, to the fact that the electrolytic Tungsten ore, long tons. 104 216 Pyrites, long tons. 54,415 17,861 refining of tin is a recent metallurgical development, and Imported from: Spain, long tons. 27,640 17,861 the bismuth recovery as a byproduct not generally known. Canada, long tons.. 26,775 Nevertheless, this is a source of bismuth of growing Tin ore, long tons. 2,994 1,891 importance. Tin bars, blocks, pigs, etc. 11,680,436 4,133,450 Bismuth is found in nature in the native state, as the Imported from (in part): United Kingdom. 4,085,504 1,098,846 mineral bismuthinite, and in other rarer mineralogical Straits Settlements. 4,852,389 2,644,643 forms, and as sold in ores generally contains at least 10 Hongkong. 829,556 91,674 Australia. 274,477 56,000 per cent of metallic bismuth. Impurities such as copper, Zinc: iron, lead, arsenic, and tellurium are objectionable. Ore, contents. 7,681,262 268,387 Inmorted from: Bismuth is used in the manufacture of low-temperature Canada. 443,664 19,703 fusible alloys for automatic sprinklers and safety appara¬ Mexico. 2,001,357 241,678 tus. Its use in medicines is also important. The world’s Blocks, or pigs, and old. 1,623 6,203 production has been amply sufficient to meet current re¬ quirements, and bismuth resources have not been heavily EXPORTS OF COPPER, LEAD AND ZINC (In Pounds) taxed. Bolivia is the world’s greatest producer, the princi¬ June, 1920 June, 1921 pal mines being those of Aramayo, Francke & Co. at Tasna, Copper: (Jr e contents. 100,000 and Choroloque. China is becoming an increasingly im¬ Concentrates, contents. 15,000 portant producer, obtaining the mineral from tungsten min¬ Unrefined, black, blister, etc. 1,039 Refined, in ingots, bars, etc. 53,678,323 48,566,463 ing. Australia and the United States are also large pro¬ Exports to (in part): ducers, the latter country’s output being about 200 tons Belgium. 2,980,876 1,794,449 France. 11,315,461 7,310,557 in 1921. Germany. 11,415,403 22,485,354 United Kingdom. 11,018,402 2,826,296 Japan. 6,657,980 5,628,000 Netherlands. 2,992,267 2,658,659 Transvaal Gold Production Composition metal, copper chief value. 83,036 631 Pipes and tubes. 590,104 129,523 The following table summarizes Transvaal gold produc¬ Plates and sheets. 1,774,008 159,561 tion since 1917: Wire, except insulated. 4,097,201 1,313,213 Lead: RAND GOLD OUTPUT 1917—1921, IN FINE OUNCES Pigs, bars, etc.: Produced from domestic ore. 517,710 63,059 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 Produced from foreign ore. 3,531,146 2,800,204 Exported to (in part): January. 681,382 670,503 676,059 714,183 782,634 Canada. 11,499 8,960 February. 671,123 625,330 636,728 659,759 721,321 China. 4,788 310 March.. 588,137 707,036 712,379 696,281 787,094 Japan. 1,904,080 2,800,000 April. 651,593 686,979 694,944 717,099 742,778 Zinc: May. 687,776 699,041 724,995 741,217 729,385 Dross. 334,987 June. 678,490 715,957 702,379 727,696 759,724 Spelter: July. 736,099 725,497 736,199 757,890 Produced from domestic ore. 17,477,345 201,328 August. 702,083 706,669 740,210 756,658 Produced from foreign ore. 8,975,929 336,000 September. 682,173 698,558 708,206 738,231 Ej^rted to (in part): Canada. 3,634 October. 662,472 723,722 679,764 67,032 751,290 Mexico. 7,250 69,021 November. 633,737 677,970 658,701 722,839 Japan. 393,730 December. 632,215 650,191 641,245 722,419 In sheets, strips, etc.. ,803,425 338,404 July 30, 1921 Engineering and Mining Journal

Company Reports

Russo-Asiatic Consolidated, Ltd. Mysore Gold Mining Company A report of operations of the Russo-Asiatic Consolidated, Gold; India Ltd., for 1920 states that in 1918 these properties were A report of the Mysore Gold Mining Co. for the year confiscated by the Soviet authorities, and claims for £56,- ended Dec. 31, 1920, shows a decline in the return of 156,759 000,000 against those authorities, based on the stocks of oz. of fine gold, as compared with 163,719 oz. in 19i9. The metals and materials on hand, the profit value of the premium on gold permits the treatment of lower-grade ore proven ore reserves and the cost of plant, machinery, and at a profit. Under an arrangement with the government other items, were filed with the Foreign Office. of India, three-fourths of the output of gold was acquired Following the conclusion of a trading agreement between after May 14, 1920, by the government at the average the British government and the Soviet authorities, certain “world’s price” for the month of delivery, thus enabling negotiations took place regarding the return of the con¬ the company to profit by the high premium on gold after fiscated properties and the resumption of work thereon. that date. The concession under which two-thirds of the These negotiations are being continued. No material total price was payable in India in rupees enabled the com¬ damage has been done to the properties. pany to have at hand a large proportion of its required The company owns the capital of certain Russian com¬ expenditure. The balance of the output (25 per cent) was panies, through which it holds the sole beneficial interest disposed of in London in the open market. The extent to in the following principal assets: which this method of selling the output benefited the com¬ Freehold and leasehold mining, agricultural, and forest pany is reflected in the expansion in the total revenue from land, mining claims and concessions in the Urals and £663,826 in 1919 to £777,130, despite the decline in the out¬ western Siberia covering an area of 2,500,000 acres. put of gold. Calculating the value of the output at par Twelve developed metal mines with 7,260,000 tons reserves. (85s. per oz.) gives a total of £666,276, whereas the output Coal mines with a present capacity of 400,000 tons per actually realized £804,183, thereby leaving a premium of annum. Coal reserves practically unlimited. Being developed £137,957. The net profit has expanded from £186,443 to for yearly output of 2,000,000 tons coal. £283,384. The directors have taken advantage of this fact Two copper-smelting plants. Present capacity, 14,000 tons to write off £79,320 in respect of capital expenditure. An of copper per annum. allocation of £15,000 raises the reserve fund to £175,000, Electrolytic copper refinery. Present yearly capacity, and an addition of £2,500 leaves insurance and contingency 14,000 tons per annum. fund at £7,325. Expenses in connection with the new issue Lead plant. Present yearly capacity, 12,000 tons lead. amounting to £4,275 were written off. At the same time, Zinc plant for yearly capacity of 24,000 tons zinc under as a result of the prosperity of the year, the dividend paid construction; 50 per cent completed. to shareholders was increased from 20 per cent to 25 per Iron mines, blast furnaces, rolling mills, foundries, and cent. Sundry charges, including corporation profits tax, steel works. Present annual capacity, 24,000 tons of finished are estimated at £11,000, leaving to be carried forward to iron and steel products. the next account a balance of £7,322. Cyanide and gold mills. Present yearly capacity of 70,000

tons of gold ore. Two slime and bullion refineries for 97 a Oz. production of gold and silver. 0 Gold e ■ <4i Coal cnishing and coking plants. V o CC Dynamite plant. Annual capacity, 1,200 tons. o a 47 Ch Sulphuric acid plant. Annual capacity, 8,000 tons. 'a a Dee. 31 Tons Produced. Treated, T ture, £ b. ear Ended re Crushed ailing .sand otal Fine o otal Expen V Twenty sawmills for preparation of timber products for .4mount, £

>< O H H z Dividend, a! own requirements and market purposes. 1917... . . 307,126 261,299 198,566 803,731 399,435 404,296 259,250 85 Two hundred and fifty miles of broad and narrow gage 1918...... 293,186 568,635 174,301 708,367 443,846 264,521 137,250 45 1919...... 270,425 578,584 163,719 663,826 477,382 186,443 ' 61,000 20 railways. 1920...... 233,503 530,260 156,759 777,130 493,746 283,384 146,176 25 River fleet of eight steamers and twenty-four barges. In addition, the properties are fully equipped with mechanic shops, stores, brick-making plants, and necessary Kirkland Lake Deficit Increases buildings and appurtenances, together with housing accom¬ modation, hospitals, and recreation buildings for 40,000 Gold; Ontario workmen and their families. The fifth annual report of Kirkland Lake Gold Mining Co., Ltd., for the year ended May 31, 1921, states that pro¬ Nechi Mines (Colombia), Ltd. duction amounted to $277,077.09. Mining account follows: A report of operations of Nechi Mines (Colombia), Ltd., Earnings Bullion sales. $255,115.35 for the year ended Sept. 30, 1920, states that 2,135,084 cu.yd. Bull’on on hand, May 31, 1921. 21,619.03 was dredged, the gross value of the gold recovered being Rents. 360.82 Exchange. 36,106.60 $816,188, with an average dredged depth of 50.8 ft. at a field $313,201 80 cost of 7.14c. per cu.yd. This field cost, due to rental Charges Operation. $265,536.88 charges, depreciation, and other items, was increased to Administration. 12,674.21 11.71c. per cu.yd., compared with 15.69c. for the first nine 278,211 09 months of the previous year. Profit on operation. $34,990 71 The net receipts amount to £198,462 7s. 4d. After debit¬ Depreciation provided for. $ 13,492.82 Interest accrued on notes.. 32,579.82 ing the field costs, £43,393 15s. 2d., depreciation written off, 46,072 64 £8,062 10s. Od., and all London administration expenses, the Transferred to profit and loss account. credit carried to the balance sheet is £140,003 16s. 8d. $11,081 .93 Adding to this the credit brought forward from the previous PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT period, and deducting the dividends paid on the preference Balance as at May 31, 1920. $17,876 70 and ordinary shares during the financial year to Sept. 30, Transferred from mining account. May 31, 1921. 11,081 .93 1920, the balance carried forward is £144,451 15s. 5d., sub¬ Balance at debit. $28,958 .63 ject to excess-profits duty and corporation tax (if any). Capital, 140,000 25 per cent preference shares of 10s. each Capitalization: $2,000,000 issued and paid in 2,000,000 and 140,000 fully paid ordinary shares of 10s. each. shares of $1 par value. _ y V* ^ 1

200_Engineering and Mining Journal Vol. 112, No. 5

Mining Stocks Week Ended July 23, 1921

Stock Exch. High Low Last Last Div. Stock Ezch. High Low Last Last Div. COPPER GOLD Ahmeek. Boston 48 $0.50 474 474 Sept. ’20, Q Alaska Gold. New York 4 4 I N. Y. Curb *38 *35 *37 . Alaska Juneau. New York li 14 It Allouez. Boston 20 Mar. ’19 1.00 Carson Hill. N. Y. Curb I3i .4naconda. New York 38 374 374 Nov. ’20, Q 1.00 Cresson Consol. G... N. Y. Curb 14 14 1 fiJune ’20. O $0. 10 2i>* . Dome Exten.sion.... Toronto *75 Ariz. Com’l.. Boston 8 7 8 Oct.’18, Q .50 Dome Mines. New York 174 16} 174 July ’21. O .25 N. Y. Curb *27 *22 *24 . Florence Goldfield .. N.Y. Cuib *35 *30 *35 Bingham Mines. Boston 9 Sept.’19, Q .25 Golden Cycle. Colo. Springs *69 *68 *68 June '21, Q .02 Goldfield Consol. Calumet & Arizona.. Boston 46i 45i 46 June ’21, Q .50 N. Y. Curb *5 *5 *5 Dee. ’19, .05 Calumet & Hecla.... Boston 224 220 224 June ’20, Q 5.00 Hollinger Consol. .. . Toronto 7.07 7.07 7.07 Julv ’21. M .05 Homestake Mining.. N. Y. Curb *32 *27 *32 . New York 554 June ’21. M .25 1.00 Kirkland Lake. Toronto *33 *32 *33 Centennial. Boston 74 Dec. ’!?, SA Lake Shore. Cerro de Pasco. New York 26 25 26 Mar.’21, Q .50 Toronto 1.19 1.15 . 19 .02 I0| lOf . Alclntyre-Porcupine. Toronto 1.97 .88 .96 May ’21. K .05 9i Porcupine Crown.... Chino. New York 23i 2^ 234 Sept. ’20, Q .374 Toronto *14 *14 *14 July ’17, .03 *29 . Portland. Colo. Springs *50 *50 *50 Oct. ’20, Q .01 Columbus Bexall .. Salt Lake *29i *284 Reorgan. Booth. Con. Arizona. N. Y. Curb *3 *3 ♦3 Dec.’18, Q .05 N. Y. Curb *4 .05 Silver Pick. N. Y. Curb *11 Con. Copper Mines.. N. Y. Curb ■ 1 H l| . Teck Hughes. Copper Range. Boston .50 Toronto *11 *10 *11 32i 314 324 Sept, ’20, Q Tom Reed. *34 *31 *34 . Los Angeles *71 Dec. ’19. .02 United Eastern. N. Y. Curb 24 2A 2 A Apr. ’21. Q .15 Davis-Daly. Boston 6 6 6 Mar.’20, Q .25 Vindicator Consol... Colo. Springs *27 .01 East Butte. Boston 8 8 8 Dec.’19, A .50 West Dome Consol.. Toronto *64 *6} *64 VV hite Caps Mining.. First National. Boston Curb *52 *50 *50 Feb.’19, SA .15 N. Y. Curb *6 *6 *6 Yukon Gold. N. Y. Curb 11 ■ 4 14 . lA *95 1 AJune ’18, .024 Gadsden Copper.... N. Y. Curb *25 . SILVER Granby Consol. New York 174 May ’19, Q 1.25 174 Arizona Silver. Boston Curb *21 *18 *19 Apr. ’20, M .03 Greene- Cananea. New York 20| 19 19 Nov.’20, Q .50 Batopilas Mining.... New York 1 4 4 Dec. ’07, I .124 3J . Beaver Consol. Toronto *251 *25 *25 May ’20, K .03 Howe Sound. N. Y.Curb 2t 2 2 Jan.’21, Q .05 Coniagas. Toronto 1.70 1.70 1.70 May ’21, Q .124 Inspiration Consol... New Y’ork 34J 33 334 Oct. ’20. Q 1.00 Crown Reserve. Toronto *8 *8 *8 .05 Kerr Lake. Iron Cap. Boston Curb 5} 54 54 Sept. ’20, K .25 Boston 3 3 3 Jely ’21, Q .124 Isle Royale. Boston 204 Sept. ’19, SA .50 La Rose. Toronto *20 •20 *20 Apr. ’18, .02 McKinley-Dar.-Sav. Toronto *16 *16 *16 Oct. ’20, Q .03 Kennecott. New York 19i 181 18| Dec. ’20. Q .50 Mining Corp. Can... Toronto It 11 Ij . 1.05 1.05 1.05 Sept. ’20, Q .124 Nipissing. N. Y. Curb 44 44 44 July ’21. Q . 15 24 24 24 . Ontario Silver. New York 4 Jan. ’19, Q' .50 It 4 14 . Ophir Silver. N. Y. Curb *17 .10 N. Y. Curb *6 *6 •6 . Peterson Lake. Toronto *4} .014 Magma Copper. N. Y. Curb 181 18, 18, Jan. ’19. Q .50 Teiniskaining. Toronto *20| Jan. ’20, K .04 6 6 6 . 'I rethewey. Toronto *12 Jan. ’19, .05 1 i 14 11 . Mass Consolidated.. Boston 1} Nov. ’17, Q 1.00 GOLD AND SILVER Miami Coppier. New York 21 20; 211 May ’21, Q' .50 Barnes-King. Butte *65 *55 *60 Aug. ’20, Q .05 >4 14 14 . Boston