Volume XXII No. 11 November, 1967 INFORMATION

ISSUED BY THE

ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN CREAT BRITAIN

tiobert Weltsch nations. Experience has shown that their fears were vastly inflated. The Balfour Declaration itself tried to anticipate the two main objections to recog­ REFLECTIONS ON TWO ANNIVERSARIES nition of a Jewish nation's claim to Palestine. Opposition was bound to come from the Arab inhabitants of the country and from the October Revolution and Balfour Declaration assimilated Jews. For a whole century Jews— especially in the German States—^had fought This November two anniversaries will be Stalin, in her famous memoirs, years after for full emancipation and had based their celebrated the world over—the jubilee of the Stalin's death, states that claim on unreserved identification with the Russian October (Bolshevik) Revolution and " meanwhile an entire generation has grown nations in which they had attained citizenship. that of the Balfour Declaration. The two up to whom neither the name of Stalin This they were not prepared to jeopardise by events are, of course, incommensurable. But nor a great deal else, both good and bad, emphasis on ostensibly separatist Jewish 'rom the Jewish point of view there is a cer­ that is associated with this name, means demands. It was for this reason and also as a tain fateful relation between them. Zionism, anything at all" reassurance to the population of Palestine that until the First World War, was mainly a move- two clauses were inserted into the text of the ''^ent of Russian Jews, with a section of the same—perhaps somewhat exaggerated— Balfour Declaration, to the effect that German-speaking Jews playing a major part judgement applies to other historical events as " nothing shall be done which may prejudice in matters of organisation and ideology; thus well as persons. The young generation in Israel the civil and religious rights of existing non- what happened to Russia and to its Jews under today links the existence of its State more Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights the impact of such a tremendous upheaval to the three wars it had to fight than to the and political status enjoyed by Jews in any ^as naturally of decisive consequence to the Balfour Declaration which was the indispens­ other country". The first part of this pro­ future of Zionism. As far as the Jews were able start. Moreover, in their eyes the Declara­ vision, protecting the Arab and Christian concerned the two ideologies which after the tion is a somewhat questionable document population of Palestine, was later the cause of era of enlightenment competed for their which throughout the years has lent itself to much friction between the Mandatory Power misinterpretation and was practically refuted and the Zionist Organisation, which argued allegiance — Socialism and Zionism — both that all restrictive conditions were subordinate claimed to be the sole way to salvation. by the British Government. The State, it is said, has been enforced against those who gave to the principal purpose of the Mandate, Socialist Zionism tried to create a construc­ namely the Jewish National Home. But even tive synthesis. But the gulf was not bridged the Declaration. This is, of course, a half truth; the jubilee should provide an oppor­ before the Mandate was officially approved by and open conflict was bound to arise when the League of Nations, Britain had reinter­ one of the trends, Socialism, achieved absolute tunity of more precisely exploring what is the historical meaning of the document. preted the Balfour Declaration in the power in the State which was the principal Churchill White Paper of 1922, stressing the reservoir of Zionist manpower. This was just Western Jewry's Apprehension equality of the two nationalities—Arabs and at the time when, through the Balfour Jews—and the Government's commitment to ^declaration, a new chance had been given for When the Balfour Declaration was issued on both, and later the League of Nations spoke of the implementation of the Zionist idea in November 2, 1917, it was by no means in the " duality" of the Mandate, a term fre­ Palestine. Without going into details of accordance with the wishes of Western Jewry, quently used until Britain finally declared the history, one can easily see that a straight line least of all of those upper class circles which two parts incompatible and suggested first leads from these ideological dififerences to the were generally regarded as the representatives (1937) partition of the country into two States niajor clash which we witness today between of Jewish opinion. What the real motives of and then (1946) entirely abandoned the Man­ the State of Israel which was the ultimate the British Government were is a matter of date which had included the wording of the outcome of the Balfour Declaration and the— speculation. The whole story is masterfully Balfour Declaration. Unnecessary to say that actual or imagined—world interests of the treated in Leonard Stein's great book. But it is the struggle of the two " irreconcilable" Soviet Union. unlikely that in these days the celebration of claims of the two nations has in the course of the Jubilee will meet with opposition from time been tremendously exacerbated. It There are always vicissitudes and vacilla­ any Jewish quarter. After Hitler and after the underlies the present tense situation in the tions on the way of the materialisation of an foundation of the State of Israel many of the Middle East and what is nowadays usually idea, and looking back we sometimes observe old controversies ceased, and the events of called the " refugee problem" is in fact that the result is different from what the May/June of this year have revealed an over­ nothing else than the new aspect of the two­ pioneers and ideoloeists expected. Reality whelming solidarity of world Jewry in this fold claim laid, with different motivation, on seldom conforms to the imagery of idealists matter. As far as the " Free World " is con­ the country. and often compels them to deviate from their cerned, the apprehensions of an unfavourable pure intentions. That is the fate of all eflfect of a Jewish State upon the position of revolutions. One example is the French Jews in the diaspora have been proved base­ Israel and the Diaspora Revolution. And not all that has happened in less. It was different just in those regions the 50 years since the Russian Revolution was where no opposition against the idea of a As far as the second reservation of the in agreement with the concept of humanity National Home was voiced, namely, in Russia Balfour Declaration is concerned, this is rather which originally inspired many of the Russian and in the Moslem world. In these two great vague as nobody could predict the status of revolutionaries. Conditions change, obstacles sections of the diaspora the position of the Jews in other countries. It was intended to arise, some assumptions turn out to have been reassure anti-Zionists. As it turned out, how­ Jews has indeed been strongly affected by the ever, the building of the National Home and over optimistic or outright erroneous. Ethical exceptions taken by their countries of resi­ impulses, supported by a belief in Messianic later the development of the Jewish State dence against all indications of Jewish has had the ample support of Jews all over truth, are apt to become perverted when faced nationalism. Yet the worries about possible with hard reality. All this is well known from the world, far beyond the original Zionist suspicions of " double loyalty " had come from camp. In fact, during the post-war period the history, but one may doubt whether it will be the well-established, prosperous and patriotic admitted at the time of celebration. whole of Western Jewry has been transformed Jewish communities of Central and Western into a huge money collecting machine, often Even without deliberate falsification it is Europe. That their opposition has subsided to the detriment of spiritual an(J moral values. difficult for a later generation to see the begin­ may be explained by the general political nings in the right perspective. When Svetlana development and the guilt complex of Westem Continued on page 2, column 1 Page 2 AJR INFORMATION November, 1967 ary episode of the " volunteers " such factors REFLECTIONS ON TWO ANNIVERSARIES have come to light. And it is certainly wrong to put all the blame, as is often done, on Continued from page 1 its raison d'etre, the "ingathering of the organisational mistakes and bureaucracy, exiles ", and the fervent call for immigrants, though these may have occurred. The main This support of Palestine and later of Israel especially from Western countries, has been causes for disappointment lie deeper, they are became possible because of the unprecedented repeated by many leading Zionists during the of a physical and economic, but also of a prosperity of Jews in the Western affluent past weeks. This is certainly the core of the psychological and moral nature and, as Dr. society. In fact, it could be argued that with­ problem of Israel-Diaspora relationship. If a Weizmann frequently reminded his audiences, out the wealth of the diaspora, Israel would sober review of actual circumstances makes it no propaganda can obliterate inescapable not have been able to solve most of its prob­ appear unlikely that in the foreseeable future economic and geographical facts. And these lems, not only in the economic field. Never­ there will be a conspicuous immigration are not easily remedied. theless, the true relationship between Israel except, of course, of individual cases (which and the diaspora has not yet been clarified. It may be highly important), the more we feel While at the time of writing the political is mostly obscured by propaganda and by the urgency to seek a reasonable basis for intricacies of the present situation of Israel an ideology which no longer corresponds the co-existence of the two kinds of Jews. are in no way resolved, the jubilee of the to the facts. Despite the wave of active Friedmann seems to be sceptical on this Balfour Declaration should afford an oppor­ sympathy, expressed last summer not only in account, although he himself is obviously in tunity for serious and responsible pondering colossal contributions but also in the offer of a quandary. What will happen depends not of the possibilities of the future. Fifty years active help by tens of thousands of volunteers only on the diaspora, against which the ago it was sufficient to express a creed, since or would-be volunteers, it is difficult to guess moralising reproaches of the Israelis are the reality was still nebulous; today all the how far the identification goes in real life. directed, but also on Israel. A critical attitude existing forces and facts—the world as it is Many people want to help Israel but only few towards both sides would only be evidence now, the political and economic setting and want to become Israelis. Whatever wishful of real—as distinct from purely verbal— also the great intellectual changes which have thinking may suggest, an objective analysis interestedness. Political and moral questions taken place since the Western assimilation of of the 20 years which followed the establish­ in evaluating the situation and its impact on the former East European Jews—have to be ment of the State cannot arouse too much the Jewish image may play a role, as well as taken into account. If we can live up to such optimism in the promoters of aliyah. rethinking it would be the best celebration of the usually stressed economic conditions. an event which has made Jewish history. The foundation of the State coincided, Many Jews—both in Israel and in the diaspora roughly, with the removal of the last vestiges —believe that the victory and all that fol­ of Hitler in Europe, in a similar way as the lowed from it imposes on Israel an obligation WITWER-RENTEN Balfour Declaration coincided with the Bol­ of more humanity, not less. In many regret­ Das Entschaedigungsgesetz und die deut­ shevik Revolution. In both cases world events table cases this view of a minority remained schen Gesetze der Sozialversicherung sehen changed some of the premises on which Zionist ineffective, but Jewry as a whole must not eine Rente fuer den seine Ehefrau ueberle­ theory was based. It seems that mass emigra­ conveniently overlook this point that is of benden Ehemann, eine sogenannte Witwer- tion occurs only through external coercion, utmost importance for all Judaism stands for. Rente, nur fuer den Fall vor, dass fuer die because of persecution or expulsion. It is As far as economic conditions are concerned, verstorbene Ehefrau gegenueber ihrem unlikely to come about through purely ideo­ Israel was in the grip of a crisis already before Ehemann gesetzlich eine Unterhaltspflicht logical inducement. Experience has shown the war; the affluence which impressed Pro­ begruendet war. In praktisch gleicher Weise that the population gap caused by the removal fessor Friedmann had receded, as also hap­ hatte das deutsche Bundesbeamtengesetz fuer of most of the Arabs from the Israeli part of pened in other countries. Many big industrial die ueberlebenden Ehemaenner von Beam- former Palestine could be filled only by an concerns in Israel are m financial difiSculties tinnen ein Witwergeld eingefuehrt, das die almost artificial immigration of helpless and had to dismiss workers. Israeli econo­ fortfallenden Unterhalts-Leistungen der African Jews, part of whom had never heard mists now hope for the help of new enterprises Beamtin ausgleichen sollte. Die einzelnen of Zionism, while old-time Zionists from pros­ sponsored by Jewish investors. The so-called Laender des Bundes hatten entsprechende perous countries did not move. Even the millionaires' conference which took place in Regelungen getroffen. Fuer die im Ausland upper strata of North African, especially July and is intended to be reconvened next lebenden Verfolgten des Nationalsozialismus Algerian Jews, when forced to emigrate, volun­ spring, is supposed to create the necessary waren diese Regelungen, die sich auch auf tarily chose France and not Israel. financial instruments for this scheme. schuldlos geschiedene Ehemaenner beziehen, praktisch fast ohne Bedeutung. Various theories have been expounded to Meanwhile, Hebrew papers steadily com­ Diese Regelung, soweit sie sich auf die the effect that the future of the Jewish people plain about emigration. There is not only the ueberlebenden Ehemaenner von Beamtinnen will have to be two-fold: Israel and the usual brains' drain noticeable also elsewhere bezieht, hat des Bundesverfassungsgericht diaspora. Some even go so far as to doubt (e.g., in Britain), but the plight of certain cate­ durch Urteil vom 11.4.1967—2 BvL 3/62—fuer whether, under the new circumstances, the gories who are suddenly thrown out of work verfassungswidrig erklaert, weil sie gegen das Jewish race, as we knew it, has a future at without the chance of finding other employ­ Gleichheits-Prinzip des Artikel 3 Absatz 2 des all. The latest in the series of these sceptics ment. A recent—perhaps minor—case in Grundgesetzes verstosse. Der Dienstherr is Georges Friedmann, a prominent French point is the sailors, most of them from the schulde den Hinterbliebenen seiner Beamten sociologist, who. however, still put a question crew of the once so magniloquently publicised Witwen—und Waisengeld nicht nur unab­ mark after the title of his book, " The End of luxury ship Shalom which, after heavy financial haengig davon, ob und in welcher Hoehe der the Jewish People ? ". Friedmann tells us losses, had to be sold to a German company; Familienunterhalt dieser Versorgungsberech­ that he had been completely alienated from they are said to be emigrating to Canada. All tigten durch den Tod des Beamten Einbusse Judaism, but Israel exerted a magic attraction these are minor facts, but facts they are. And erlitten, habe, sondern grundsaetzlich auch on him ; so his sociological research became we must not forget that in the present situation ohne Ruecksicht darauf, ob und inwieweit unexpectedly a searching of his own soul. Israel has a commitment to provide work also diese Hinterbliebenen in der Lage seien, Friedmann studied Israel thoroughly during for a million Arabs. It would be unthinkable ihren " standesgemaessen Unterhalt" aus his visits in 1963 and 1964 and gives a sympa­ to exclude them. And in many occupations eigenen Mitteln zu bestreiten. thetic understanding, yet not uncritical pic­ there is already now fierce competition, some­ Fuer die Versorgung des Witwers der ture of all aspects of its life, albeit partly times open fight, for work. That is no sur­ Beamtin koenne kein anderer Grundsatz relying on secondary sources. Inevitably some prise ; it is one of the consequences of gelten. Artikel 3 Abs. 2 des Grundgesetzes of his evaluations of four years ago have " normalisation" in a society where vested gebiete, dass die Beamtin auch hinsichtlich become obsolete. He also raises the question interests look with suspicion on intruders. der Versorgung ihrer naechsten Familien­ of what Jewishness actually means. In the Though clamouring for more immigration in angehoerigen den Beamtctt gleichzustellen sei. last resort he arrives at the conclusion that party meetings, nobody wants to yield his job the majority of Jewry must be absorbed into Nach dieser Entscheidung hat also der or his established privileges to a newcomer. ueberlebende Ehegatte einer Beamtin in jedem the diaspora, while the State of Israel will, Even in the comparatively small and tempor­ willy-nilly, convert itself into a Middle Eastem Falle Anspruch auf Zahlung von Witwergeld, State, whose interests will be Israeli, not das dem Witwengeld einer Beamtenvdtwe der " Jewish." The gap will widen between Israel Hoehe nach gleich steht, also in der Regel and those Diaspora Jews who remain Jewish. BECHSTEIN STEINWAY BLUTHNER 60% der Ruhegehaltsbezuege der Beamtin This was written before the Six-Day War, Finest selection reconditioned PIANOS. betraegt. which demonstrated beyond all doubts all- Part exchange. Deferred terms. Damit ist die gesetzliche Neuschaffung von Jewish emotional solidarity with Israel. But Witwergeld im deutchen Beamtenrecht auch JAQUES SAMUEL PIANOS LTD. fuer die Verfolgten des Nationalsozialismus whether the fundamental relationship will be 2 Park West Place, Marble Arch, W.2 affected by these events remains to be seen. von grosser Bedeutung fuer ueberlebende Tel.: PAD. 8818/9 Ehemaenner von Beamtinnen geworden. Israel still proclaims as its aim, indeed as AUTHORIStD BtCHSTEIN DEALERS DR. L. G. T. KING. AJR INFORMATION November, 1967 Page 3 HOME NEWS *•'.. t AISGLO'JUDAICA The Problem of Intermarriage LABOUR MEETING ON ISRAEL " ABORTION CAN LEAD TO EXTINCTION " The Chief Rabbi delivered the annual public On the occasion of the Labour Party Con­ The Chief Rabbi addressed a lecture on lecture of the Jewish Marriage Education ference in Scarborough, Labour Friends of " Medico-Moral Problems in Jewish Law " to Council in the Florence Michaels Hall of the Israel arranged a meeting at which a panel, a meeting of The Maccabaeans in the West whose members have recently visited Israel, London Synagogue. Dr. Jakobovits warned St. John's Wood Synagogue. Speaking on answered questions from the audience. On that if Israel's phenomenal abortion rate is " The Problem of Intermarriage ", Dr. Jakobo­ the panel were : Ian Mikardo, M.P., Ted Row­ not stemmed it could lead to her extinction vits urged that Jewry stand by its principles. lands, M.P., Raymond Fletcher, M.P., Eric as a Jewish State within the next generation. The incidence of intermarriage was so high Heffer, MP., Paul Rose, M.P., and Dr. S. Israel's abortion rate during the past 20 that people were becoming used to it and the Levenberg. years was three or four times that of the community might have to consider setting up Sydney Silverman, M.P., speaking from the United States, with a current rate estimated at 40,000 a year. This, said the Chief Rabbi, some kind of moral sanctions to combat it. audience pointed out that Foreign Minister Dr. Jakobovits stated that he found it George Brown had said in the House of meant that three-quarters of a million poten­ Commons that we should not return to a tial lives were exterminated before birth who indefensible that Jewish clubs formed to pro­ divided Jerusalem and then went on to New today would have been healthy sabras up mote Jewish consciousness among youth York to say at the United Nations General to 18 or 19 years of age and part of the flower should encourage or permit a religiously Assembly something to the contrary. of Israel's youth. promiscuous membership that often increases Referring to euthanasia or " mercy killing ", the Chief Rabbi said this was a particularly the risk of intermarriage. T.U.C. CONCERN ABOUT RACIALISM painful problem where Judaism was con­ After a debate at the recent Trades Union cerned, since no other religion exerted itself Narrowing the Gulf Congress in Brighton, a resolution expressing more to mitigate human suffering. But to concern at " the alarming increase in racial reject the principle of equality of value must The Rev. Lawrence Rigal was inducted as discrimination in Britain" was remitted to inevitably lead to the Nazi doctrine of grading minister of the South London Liberal Syna­ the general council of the T.U.C. human life. He felt, however, that under certain carefully defined and confined condi­ gogue, Streatham, succeeding Rabbi Michael The resolution endorsed the Government's tions, Jewish law would not be averse to the Elton, who left a year ago to become minister recently announced intention of broadening withdrawal of artificial means of sustaining a of the Southend Progressive Synagogue. the definition of " places of public interest" lingering life. in the Race Relations Act and of introducing At the ceremony Mr. Lawrence expressed legislation making racial and religious dis­ MRS. COLIN JORDAN COMMITTED FOR the view that the present gulf between the crimination in employment, housing and insur­ TRIAL Orthodox and Progressive sections of Anglo- ance an offence. Jewry is only temporary and must close, At the North London Magistrates' Court Mr. Fred Hayday, chairman of the inter­ Mrs. Frangoise Jordan, wife of National sooner or later, resulting in greater co-opera­ national committee of the general council, Socialist leader Colin Jordan, was committed tion and tolerance. said that the trade union movement rejected to the Central Criminal Court for trial on discrimination. He also announced that charges concerning synagogue fires. Leeds' Education Indifference further discussions would be held on the pro­ It was alleged that Mrs. Jordan told police blem between the T.U.C. and the Government. she would like to make an Act of Parliament In Leeds fewer than 500 children of some to " burn all synagogues by law". She was 1,500 in the community aged from five to 14 QUINTIN HOGG CRITICISES U.N. charged with inciting members of the National are receiving Jewish religious instruction. Socialist Movement to set fire to synagogues The situation prompted a meeting at which Mr. Quintin Hogg, Q.C., M.P., answered between May 1. 1965, and July 31, 1965. and Rabbi Dr. M. Turetsky gave an address on questions following his talk to the Marylebone also with conspiring with two others to set '• Our children—what of the future ? " Jewish Society on his own parliamentary and fire to the Stanmore Synagogue. An applica­ political career. He criticised the United tion for bail was refused. Mr. J. Glucksmann, chairman of the educa­ Nations for failing to appreciate the severe tion committee, commented that the communal difficulties under which Israel was labouring, FIRE AT SYNAGOGUE concern for religious instruction, never very and the fact that it was her neighbours who marked, had deteriorated to shameful pro- continuously refused to recognise her exis­ Arson is suspected in a fierce fire which )ortions. A reawakening of parental concem tence and to call off their permanent state of caused damage to the partially built Kings­ lad to be fostered. Another Talmud Torah belligerency. bury Synagogue. The roof of the building spokesman pointed out that some Barmitzvah was completely destroyed and total damage boys learn their portions parrot-wise from a FAST AND THE OPERA is estimated at several thousand pounds. The recorded tape—the Torah was thus degraded synagogue is now likely to be completed next to the level of a pop song with the boy merely The season of " La Traviata " which opened March, four months behind schedule. acting as a mechanical tape-jockey. at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, The Jewish Defence Committee of the Board on October 14, was so arranged that the of Deputies met Ajex representatives to decide Adeni Community American singer, Robert Merrill, did not have upon measures to protect synagogues. Syna­ to perform during Yom Kippur. Mr. Merrill, gogue management committees have been The recently established community of leading baritone with the Metropolitan Opera advised to check on the security of their Adeni Jews in London has consecrated its House, New York, made his debut at Covent premises and to take every possible precaution small but beautiful synagogue in Clapton. The Garden in the role of Germont Pere in six to prevent unauthorised entry and consequent service was conducted in accordance with Performances of the opera. It was intended damage. ancient Adeni custom and with Adeni liturgical that the season should open on October 13, melodies. The guest of honour at the cere­ Out Mr. Merrill asked that the opening be AWARDS FOR KAREN GERSHON mony was Mr. Julius Jung, chairman of the Postponed for a day until after the fast. Karen Gershon, the author of the book aliens committee of the Board of Deputies, At Her Majesty's Theatre Topol also took " We Came as Children ", was awarded one of who was responsible for obtaining Government time off from "Fiddler on the Roof" during the Arts Council's 1967 poetry bursaries in permission for bringing most of the commu­ Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur, when his role recognition of her work as a poet and writer. nity to this country. was taken over by his understudy, George She also received a grant from President Little. Miss Miriam Karlin, Topol's co-star, Shazar to enable her to spend some time in War Heroes Honoured did not appear on Yom Kippur. Israel on study and literary work. At the annual conference of the J.N.F. held at the Savoy Hotel, London, it was announced that the movement is to establish a memorial forest in honour of Israel's fallen heroes of the Six-Day War. This is to be one of the pro­ Feuchtwanger (London) Ltd. jects for the coming year. Sheffield Flatlets Bankers The Representative Council of the Sheffield community is to set up a working committee to investigate the possibility of providing flatlets for elderly members of the community. It BASILDON HOUSE, 7^11 MOORGATE, E.C.2. was pointed out that there was a need for such a project but the matter would be investi­ Telephone: METropolitan 8151 gated to find out whether the need did realistically exist. A site is already available and would probably be used if the scheme proceeds. Page 4 AJR INFORMA'nON November, 1967 NEWS FROM ABROAD JEWRY IN THE EAST CZECH CELEBRATIONS NEGRO-JEWISH RELATIONS FRANCE The Czechoslovak tourist agency in New York, Cedok, confirmed the report that the Judge Gus J. Solomon, of the United States United Appeal country had cancelled plans for official spon­ District Court, Oregon, addressed the British Under an agreement signed in Paris between sorship of the celebration of the thousandth Section of the World Jewish Congress at the the Keren Hayesod and the Fonds Social Juif anniversary of Czech Jewry. But, it is stated, National Liberal Club, London. Unifi6 (the United Jewish Social Fund), a the Govemment was never officially involved Referring to the steady decline in Negro- " United Jewish Appeal" will begin in France and the plans rested entirely in the hands of Jewish relations in America and the attacks on at the beginning of 1968. the Jews. The executive director of the agency, Jewish property in recent riots, Judge Solomon The merging of the efforts of the two major Mr. Josef Richter, has pledged " unequivocal said that he felt the attacks on Jewish property French Jewish funds is the direct result of support" for the Jewisn community's plans. were not necessarily antisemitic but because Israeli events since June, when French Jewry As business people it was in their interest, he the Jews were white. helped to assist the State financially. said, to encourage the Jewish community to go Negro-white relations and particularly The proceeds of the new fund will be split forward with the millennium celebration, and Negro-Jewish co-operation had, since 1963, equally between Israel and local needs up to everything possible would be done to help. declined as the Negroes had become racialists £1| million a year. Amounts received above and advocates of violence. During the past POLAND two years the rift between Negro civil rights this sum will be divided, with two-thirds for organisations and the white community had Israel and one-third for France. Joint Office Closed steadily widened. According to a group of West European The Jews, apart from the Negroes them­ Immigration Wave economists recently retumed from Poland, the selves, had suffered most from the recent riots. Warsaw Govemment has taken a decision to In Newark, New Jersey, over 70 per cent of From mid-June to mid-September 14,000 close down the American Joint Distribution the 1,200 business establishments damaged Jews from Tunisia and Morocco arrived in Committee in Poland. All activities will come were Jewish owned. France. The emigration made its first impact to an end on January 1 and Ort (Organisation In the judge's opinion, the conclusions of the on Marseilles, where nearly 5,000 people sought for Rehabilitation through Training) activities B'nai B'rith Anti-Defamation League studies, help from local relief agencies in recent weeks. may also be terminated, though no decision which showed less antagonism by Negroes The Jewish community of Marseilles, which has as yet been taken in this regard. against Jews than against every other group of totalled 12,000 in 1957, now numbers 65,000, almost all the increase being due to the arrival Israel War Stamps Banned whites, were accurate. Jews suffered the most of Jews from North African countries. because there were more of them in the riot Instructions from the Polish Ministry of areas. However, as had occurred after the Posts and Telegraphs stipulate that any letters American Civil War, there was a danger that BOOK BATTLE IN BUENOS AIRES from Israel to Poland with Six-Day War com­ hatred against Negroes would spill over against memorative stamps be returned undelivered. the Jews. About 52 publishing houses, 32 of them local According to the official announcement the In spite of all the outrageous statements of ones, showed more than 1,000 titles at the stamps, which show the Western Wall and the extremist Negro leaders and the illegal and annual Jewish book fair in Buenos Aires. Straits of Tiran, " glorify Israel's aggression "• violent conduct of their followers, the Ameri­ Because this year's fair was dedicated to the can Negro was in great need of help, said the 70th anniversary of the first Zionist Congress RUSSIA judge. Jews were committed to the brother­ and did not also commemorate the 70th anni­ hood of all men and to the goal of free equality versary of the establishment of the Bund in Pravda Appeal to Jews in a free society. Negro and white. Christian Vilna, it was boycotted by Bundists in the city. In an article by a foreign affairs analyst, and Jew, must work together in the common The Ashkenazi community organisation, the K. Ivanov, which appeared in Pravda, the effort to make the promise of equality come organisers of the book fair, explained that the Soviet Communist Party newspaper, a call is true for every citizen. Zionist Congress was a national historical made to Jews to join in condemning IsraeU event of significance to the whole Jewish foreign policy as similar to that of the Nazi " DEATH AT AUSWITZ " people, whilst the establishment of the Bund oppressors of the Jews in the Second World concerned only a fraction. In the last com­ War. Dr. L. de Jong, the director of the Dutch munal election the Bund obtained only four Israel, in her victory had tried to crush Government Institute for War Documentation, per cent of the votes. the most progressive changes in the Arab gave his inaugural address, " A Case of Death The Bund, no longer significant in Jewish countries, said Pravda. " No honest person, at Auswitz", as extraordinary professor of life, was a Jewish socialist party, strongly including the Jew, can hesitate to condemn this modern history at Rotterdam Academy of Yiddishist and violently against Zionism, shameful affair." Economics. which it considered a middle-class nationalist He stated that the execution of Jews in gas- movement. Interest in Buber's Writings chambers as a means of mass extermination An intemational conference on " Religious seemed so incredible and horrifying that it and Intellectual Ferment in the Soviet Union " was beyond the belief of nearly everyone was recently held in Geneva. Amongst the living in Allied or German-occupied countries items of Jewish interest revealed was the fact during the Second World War. When six that Martin Buber's writings are circulating women members of the Jehovah Witnesses illegally in the Soviet Union and have some described the atrocities at Auschwitz after their influence on youth and the intelligentsia, both release from the concentration camp, they were Jewish and non-Jewish. considered to be out of their minds. In the only lecture dedicated to Soviet Jewry, The title of Dr. de Jong's address was taken the difficulties of Jewish religion there were from an entry in the minutes of the Amsterdam surveyed by Mr. Zeev Ben-Shlomo, special Jewish Council of September 18, 1942, noting correspondent on East European affairs of the the first report of a death there. The name Jewish Chronicle. Auschwitz was so little known for a large part The role of Jews in the intellectual ferment of the war that it was mis-spelt Auswitz. in the Soviet Union was referred to by non- Himself of Jewish origin, Dr. de Jong became Jewish scholars who visited the country. It concerned about the fate of people deported was reported that a group of Orthodox priests after receiving an anonymous report while demanding changes in the Russian Orthodox working in London as director of the Free Church is headed by Father Nicolai Eshliman, Dutch " Radio Orange ". During the Second born a Jew and converted while imprisoned in World War, concluded Dr. Jong, not only the a Soviet labour camp, and by Father Gleb Germans but practically the whole world failed Yakunin, said to be of Jewish origin.—(J.C.) the Jews, who were left in terrible solitude. BABI YAR MURDERS ROTTERDAM MARTYRS In Darmstadt eleven former Nazi officers are charged with the murder of over 33,000 Soviet A relief on the outer wall of the Rotterdam Jews in September, 1941, at Babi Yar, a ravine Synagogue has been unveiled. The memorial south of Kiev. honours the memory of 12,000 Rotterdam Jews The accused were members of the and Rabbi A. B. N. Davids, their Chief Rabbi, Extermination Command 4A of the S.S, who perished during the Second World War as Einsatzgruppe C, reported to have been respon­ victims of the Nazis. A square in front of the sible for the extermination of about 80,000 synagogue was also named after Chief Rabbi Jewish men, women and children in the Kiev Davids. area. The eleven men are also charged with A " Guild Committee to Honour our Fallen being involved in the murder of an unknown Fellow-Jewish Citizens", headed by Dr. F. J. number of Jewish children at Bielaya Dsher- Krop, a non-Jewish Rotterdam alderman, kov, south of Kiev. The trial is expected to organised the memorial appeal. APlOtB last more than a year. AJR INFORMATION November, 1967 Page 5 Friedrich WaUer Old Acquaintances

ELSE LASKER-SCHUELER Obituary: Maurice Hirschmann, the 91-year- old journalist and translator, died in Vienna.— Deutung ihrer Lyrik Gudrun Hildebrandt, the once well-known dancer who survived the Nazi regime in Die Dichterin Else Lasker-Schueler vrarde genoessischen Charakter verleihen : den einer England, died in Cologne.—In Berlin died 1869 in Elberfeld geboren und starb 1945 in " Entfremdung " der Dichterin zu der Welt wie painter Heinrich Heuser shortly before his Jerusalem. Schon lange vor ihrer Emigration zu sich selbst. 80th birthday; he was a pupil of Fritz Macken­ im Jahre 1934 war sie, die exzentrisch- Dies sind nur einige der fesselnden sen and, though of Jewish descent, survived eigenwillige und unbehauste Frau, zu einer Gedankengaenge aus Gotthard Guders hoechst the Third Reich in Germany.—Seventy-year-old fast legendaeren Gestalt der Berliner Bohfeme, bemerkens-und lesenswertem Essay. Um aber Harald Bratt (real name Dr. A. Riekel), who des alten " Cafe des Westens " geworden. Sie mit einer Stelle zu schliessen, die ein scripted many German films, died in Tutzing.— entstammte einer alten und angesehenen besonders schoenes Beispiel davon geben mag, Miriam Horwitz, actress and widow of Erich juedischen Familie meiner Heimatstadt. Als wie liebevoll sich Gotthard Guder in die Ziegel, died in an old people's home in Ham­ ich dort aufwuchs, bestand das Bankhaus ihres Dichtung von Else Lasker-Schueler eingefuehlt burg, aged 78; the couple survived Hitler Vaters nicht mehr. Aber ihr Elternhaus stand und wie einleuchtend er sie gedeutet hat: Er protected by Gmendgens who had started his damals noch, und auf meinem Schulweg kam zitiert die folgenden Zeilen aus ihrem Gedicht career in their theatre. ich taeglich daran vorbei. In den einstigen " An mein Kind" (ihren jung verstorbenen j\eMi» from Everytvhere: Max Brod, of Israel, Kontorraeumen der vaeterlichen Bank befand Sohn): is on a lecture tour in Germany.—Hans Habe sich nun ein Korbmoebelgeschaeft, und die Die Liebe zu dir ist das Bildnis, went to Budapest on the invitation of the oberen Stockwerke waren als Wohnungen Das man sich von Gott machen darf. Hungarian P.E.N. Club to lecture in the vermietet. " Dabei", faehrt er dann fort, " ist vor allem " nouveau roman ".—Eric Burger, formerly on Else Lasker-Schuelers dichterisches Werk, das Wort ' darf' in den zitierten Versen zu the staff of Berliner Tageblatt and now living dessen eigentuemliche Bedeutung fmeh bemecksichtigen. Es weist darauf hin, dass in New York, is on a visit in Europe.—^Fritz erkannt und gewuerdigt, dann aber, in den im religioesen Empfinden Else Lasker- Kortner received the Josef Kainz Medal in unseligen Jahren des Nationalsozialismus, Schuelers diese Vorstellung nicht gegen das Vienna.—Kaethe Haack was named " State selbst bei ihren Leidens-und Schicksalsge­ Kemgebot des Alten Testaments verstoesst actress" on her 70th birthday in Berlin. faehrten zeitweilig vergessen wurde, ist nach (2. Mose, 20, 4). . . . Die Liebe ist nicht gegen­ Milestones: Lil Dagover, 40 years a film star, dem Kriege wieder zum Gegenstand von waertig als Gott, sondern Gott ist gegenwaertig has reached her 70th birthday, as has Hilde Studien geworden, deren Erscheinen jetzt um in der Liebe. ... In dem Gedicht 'Herbst' Hildebrandt, the well-known actress.—Berlin- eine Schrift "Else Lasker-Schueler, Deutung wird das Motiv der Liebe als die den Menschen born cartoonist, Hans Michaelis, who now goes ihrer Lyrik" (Verlag Vorlaender, Siegen/ und die Gemeinschaft tragende Lebenskraft under the name of Michael Berry, celebrated Westfalen, DM.5.80, in England 10s. 6d.) noch aufgenommen : his 60th birthday in New York, where he has besonders verdienstlich und dankenswert Das ewige Leben dem, der viel von become well known.—The Friedrichstadt Palast bereichert worden ist. Der Verfasser, Gott- Liebe weiss zu sagen. in East Berlin has reached its first centenary. hard Guder, ist Senior Lecturer in der Germa- Ein Mensch der Liebe kann nur Today a music hall, it was once a covered nistischen Abteilung der Universitaet Glasgow. auferstehen! market, afterwards " Zirkus Schumann " and, An Hand einer literaturwissenschaftlich Hass schachtelt ein! wie hoch die from 1919, the "Grosse Schauspielhaus", first ebenso genauen und sorgfaeltigen wie musisch Fackel auch mag schlagen. mn by Max Reinhardt and later by Erik feinfuehligen Textanalyse vergegenwaertigt Charell. er uns den Gefuehls-und Gedankengehalt, der Germany: Paul Dessau, of East Berlin, came Else Lasker-Schuelers Dichtungen zugrunde MEDICAL SCIENTISTS IN BRESLAU to Wuppertal for the first night of his opera, lag. Ihre Erlebniswelt war religioeser Natur Jewisii University Professors Remembered " Puntilla ", based on Brecht.—Albert Lieven und tief im Judentum verwurzelt. appeared in " Peter Schlemihl" on TV.—Curt " In ihrem religioesen Erleben," schreibt In the quarterly " Schlesien, Niederschlesien, Bois took the part of Zettel in Barlog's produc­ Gotthard Guder, " ist bei Else Lasker-Schueler Oberschlesien, Sudetenschlesien" Dr. med. tion of " Sommernachtstraum " in Berlin.— auch das soziale Element verborgen" und Werner Gottwald (Ansbach) publishes an Eighty-seven-year-old Tilla Durieux appeared "Die Daseinsbejahung ist als Grundzug in article about outstanding members of the in her solo, "Die Languste", at Club Moewe ihrer Glaubenshaltung von vomherein mit- former Breslau medical faculty. in East Berlin.—Erika von Thellmann went on gegeben ". Daran, an diesen zwei Kraeften tritt Though certainly not intended, the article tour in "Bunbury". der juedische Kem ihrer Lyrik in der Tat reflects the considerable part played by Jews Miscellany: Erwin Leiser, producer of the Unverkennbar hervor—einer Lyrik, die zu­ in this sphere. Among those who worked in " Mein Kampf " film, acquired the archives of gleich damit doch auch oft so deutsch-roman- the Physiological-Pathological Institute of the former Ufa chief designer, Rudi Feld, now tisch getoent ist, dass man sich dabei zuweilen Julius Cohnheim (1839-84) was Paul Ehrlich, living in Hollywood, containing the artist's own an die religioese Lyrik von Novalis und who later became a Nobel Prize winner. The drawings from the early days in the German Clemens Brentano erinnert fuehlen koennte. authority on diabetes, Oskar Minkowski (1858- industry, for the Film and TV Academy in So versteht man es denn auch, dass der der 1931), is also mentioned; he is now com­ Berlin.—Israeli actress, Haya Harrareet, who Dichterin befreundete Schriftsteller Sigismund memorated by the Prize for research work in was introduced to Europe by the late Otto V. Radecki einmal von ihr schreiben konnte : the field of diabetes which bears his name. Sonnenfeld, got an M.-G.-M. contract and " An ihrem Judentum hing sie leidenschaftlich, The achievements of the dermatologist appeared in " Ben Hur ". Together with her und doch (oder eben deshalb) liess die Gestalt Albert Neisser (Schweidnitz, 1855-Breslau, husband. Jack Clayton, she co-scripted his new Christi sie nicht los. . . ." Gotthard Guder ver- 1916) as a noted research worker and teacher picture, "Our Mother's House".—"Sibylle" deutlicht uns diesen Satz: die Dichterin are recorded as well. Neisser was also the pen-name of the wife of Munich's Abend­ erblickte auch in Jesus einen alttestamenta- initiator and organiser of societies and con­ zeitung editor, Werner Friedmann, in her own rischen Propheten, und: " Fuer Else Lasker- gresses in his particular field. The article column in Hamburg's weekly. Stem, courage­ Schueler ist der Prophet Israels der geistige states that the funeral urns of Neisser and his ously attacked Nazi Youth Leader, Baldur von Ahnherr des Dichters, und sein Verhaeltnis zu wife, which were interred in his property in Schirach, whose autobiography is serialised in Gott offenbart ihr das Phaenomen der Sendung the Fiirstenstrasse, were removed in 1939. that illustrated magazine. der Poesie. Dichten ist Dienst im Bewusst­ Neisser's successor was Joseph Jadassohn Home Netcs: H. P. Juda and his wife, sein goettlich aufgelegter Verantwortung ". (Breslau, 1863-Ziirich, 1936), active also in the Elsbeth—^he was on the staff of the BerUner Aus diesem bei ihr sehr stark ausgepraegten field of social medicine, who carried out Tageblatt, she is an outstanding photographer Sendungsbewusstsein entstand in ihr die preparatory work leading to the legislation in —are selling their collection of modem paint­ Vorstellung von der aristokratischen Aufgabe the fight against venereal disease. ings and sculptures at Sotheby's to establish Und Sonderstellung des Kuenstlers in unserer In the appendix to the book Dr. Gottwald a fund for British artists and to provide a Zeit. Das wiederum und ihre leidenschaft­ mentions the psychiatric genetist Franz Kall­ travelling scholarship. The collection contains liche Religiositaet brachte sie in Konflikt mit mann (Neumarkt/Schlesien, 1897-New York, works by Henry Moore. Sutherland, Miro, einer dem Gedanken der kuenstlerischen wie 1965), brought up by his parents in the Chris­ Piper, Epstein, Butler and many others.— religioesen Auserwaehltheit nicht gerade tian faith. His Jewish origin, the author Julius Gellner successfully directed an English zugetanen Welt. Daher dann wieder die writes, was hardly known until, to the surprise adaptation of " Nathan the Wise" at the heftigen Spannungen, das, was Gotthard Guder of many, he, too, became a racial outcast in Mermaid Theatre. die " Problematik " ihrer Dichtung nennt, die 1933. dieser aber auch wieder ihren spezifisch zeit- E.G.L. PEM Page 6 AJR INFORMATION November, 1967

Rabbi Dr. S. ISeufeld followed slowly, and it was only in 1874-75 that the first two volumes were finally pub­ lished. It is obvious that he knew much earlier what he intended to do. Already in fflSTORIAN OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE 1846 he had expressed this in his work " Die Konstruktion der juedischen Geschichte", and then in the introduction to the fourth The 150th Anniversary of the Birth of Heinrich Graetz volume of his history. He describes Jewish history as " a history of the spirit and of suf­ ferings ", as " seeking and wandering, think­ A century and a half has passed since the as a church and address the Jews as " Prussian ing and waiting, studying and suffering ". The birth of Heinrich Graetz on October 31, 1817, Israelites." later volumes, however, have an entirely in the small town of Xions in the province In 1852 Graetz becomes a teacher and pre­ different approach and also deal with the of Posen. Let us consider for a moment the sumably preacher in Lundenburg in Moravia. social and economic history of the Jews. In 1855 Commerzienrat Jonas Fraenkel's great intellectual state of Posen Jewry at that time. undertaking in Breslau comes to fruition with Mindful of Martyrdom These Yiddish-speaking Polish Jews had only the establishment of the Jewish Theological come under Pmssian rule in 1793; then once Seminary, and obviously Graetz is appointed In his works Graetz emphasises great events, again, from 1807-1815, they formed part of to fill the post of the instmctor in history at but despite this does not ignore minor hap­ the Duchy of Poland which was created in the the new academy. For more than 35 years penings. Sammy Gronemann informs us that confusion of the Napoleonic Wars. It was only he held this position, helping Zacharias Frankl in his eighties (^raetz visited his pupil. Rabbi and other less important rectors to train Selig Groneman, Sammy's father, in Hanover. in 1815 that they actually became inhabitants generations of rabbis, and still finding time As they were driving in a carriage through of a Prussian province, a province which the for his great historical research. With Frankl the old part of the town, Graetz became very Government was earnestly endeavouring to he edited the Frankl-Graetz Monatsschrift fuer excited at one spot because he was aware Germanise. These efforts failed on the whole Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums that many centuries before Jewish blood had because of the stubborn resistance of the (commonly known by its familiar abbrevia­ flowed at that very spot. In the same way he Catholic Poles, who still remained tme Poles tion MGWJ). Various honours were bestowed discovered that in Berlin in the Middle Ages more than a century later when the territory upon him, for instance his appointment as Jews had been murdered on what is now the Honorary Professor Extraordinary in the Straussberger Platz, where tho Weberstrasse reverted to a resurrected Poland. University of Breslau at an advanced age in now leads into the later Grosse Frankfurter- 1869, and as corresponding member of various strasse. Graetz had become excited because The only people to assimilate German cul­ foreign learned societies. Many things pleased ture eagerly were the Jews. As a result of he was not a recorder of dry events, but wrote him, but he would get very incensed at per­ with a sensitive Jewish heart. Prussian schooling they became reliable sonal setbacks. Thus in a letter to a fellow- Germans within a single generation and many scholar he complains of not having been It should also be mentioned that he married appointed rector of the seminary. They will a daughter of Monasch, the well-known of them were successful in commerce and the printer of Hebrew prayer-books in Krotoschin, professions, becoming university professors probably appoint another " Winkelrov", he said. On the other hand he had no reason for and naturally helped with the development and leading businessmen. Up till 1847 they complaint when the Historical Commission set of this firm. were forbidden to settle in other parts of up by the Deutsch-lsraelitische Gemeindebund When Graetz attained the age of seventy in Prussia, but this did not prevent young people failed to invite him, the acknowledged leading 1887, the Breslau Seminary arranged various from going to the west to complete their Jewish historian of his time, to become a celebrations in his honour, including a education. member. Graetz was an honest, upright and " Kommers " organised by the students. One even at that time somewhat of a nationally of the couplets recited on that occasion con­ Formative Years conscious Jew, and this was resented by the tained the following lines: " Ein Besseres war " assimilationists" of the Gemeindebund. He ihm beschieden als Row zu sein bei Posner Thus Graetz learnt and studied in the west, was a friend of Moses Hess and it is due to Jiden." This rhyme was not intended as a returning from time to time and continuing his efforts that, after many difficulties, Hess's slight upon particular Jews in small commu­ to study. From 1842 he studied in Breslau and " Rom und Jerusalem" could be published. nities. It was merely a sober expression of graduated there in 1846 with a thesis entitled what might have been if Graetz had, in fact, " Gnosticism and Judaism". He could not, become the rabbi of a small or even larger of course, undergo a proper course of training Journey to Palestine community. No doubt he would have provided for the rabbinate for no modern rabbinical Jewish values for that community and beyond, seminary existed at the time and every aspir­ The great event in his life was his journey but because he was actually engaged in teach­ ing rabbi had to depend upon his own efforts, to Palestine in 1872 which he undertook in ing and research at the only rabbinical a " self-made man " as it were. Some of his the company of a rich and Orthodox friend, seminary then existing, he had both the diaries and correspondence with learned con­ Gottschalk Levy from Belgrade. Levy was one temporaries have been preserved and from leisure and the opportunity to produce his of the founders of the Adass Yisroel in Berlin, universal " History of the Jewish People ". these hidden sources we can discover a good but this did not prevent him from associating deal about what he was really like. Most with people of a more advanced religious Apart from this comprehensive work he also valuable and illuminating is his stay in Olden­ standpoint. Graetz reported on the unsatis­ interested himself in a wide range of academic burg with Samson Raphael Hirsch who was factory state of the Yishuv and drew special questions. The first jubilee volume of the ten years older. Orthodox and pursuing the attention to the fact thSt 40 Jewish orphans Breslau Seminary (1905) contains a list of same objectives. At that time Graetz, too, were attending mission schools and were being no less than 232 of his writings, most of which still had strictly Orthodox views. There is educated and fed by missionaries. He there­ had appeared in journals, and it is expressly much to be learned from his diaries about fore recommended the establishment of a noted that this is exclusive of hundreds of his stay with Hirsch. The latter's wife came Jewish orphanage. Graetz distributed his shorter articles and book reviews that he had from Brunswick, so that there must have been also written. some very religious families in that commu­ report to various people of importance includ­ nity. Graetz speaks somewhat disparagingly ing, through Gottschalk's good offices, Dr. Even today, 75 years after Graetz's death about this lady, for in his letters he is inclined Asriel Hildesheimer. The latter was enthused and 110 years since the beginning of his his­ to be outspoken and sometimes rather by Graetz's ideas but stated emphatically " I torical magnum opus, his work has not been intolerant in his human judgements. am utterly opposed to Graetz's teachings and surpassed. There may have been errors here attitude which I consider to be the most and there, but there has been an advance in He retums to Posen and assists at the dangerous of all the conflicting attitudes now knowledge since his time and this is noted dedication of fhe synagogue in Wollstein where being adopted". Nevertheless, where the in later editions. Nowadays historical facts he has relatives. He is galled at not being saving of Jewish children was concerned, can be more easily demonstrated to the invited to deliver the dedicatory address and Hildesheimer was naturally prepared to reader by means of maps and diagrams. Yet is sharply critical of the Bromberg rabbi Dr. co-operate with Jews of other viewpoints. despite all this the "grosse Graetz" and the Julius Gebhard who is asked to perform this The final instalment of Graetz's History of popular " kleine Graetz" in three volumes duty. At that time Dr. Gebhard was the only the Jews was the first two volumes, which remains alive because of its fiowing style and rabbi in Posen to have received modern train­ appeared under the influence of his journey historical accuracy; it has not been super­ ing. He was well able to represent the com­ to Palestine. It is remarkable that when seded. That is why it has been translated munity with dignity but had progressed rather starting his great project Graetz himself was into so many languages, Hebrew of course, too far along the road of assimilation. Graetz not clear how much it would embrace or what and also Yiddish, but most especially English, nicknamed him " the garrison parson", for difficulties he would encounter. He started through which it has become available to the he was accustomed to refer to the synagogue with Volume IV in 1852 and other volumes Anglo-Saxon countries. AJR INFORMATION November, 1967 Page 7

Herbert Freeden (Jerusalem) THE MAN NEXT TO REINHARDT Centenary of the Birth of Felix Hollaender The elder generation of Jews from Germany WHERE SALOME DANCED will remember Felix Hollaender first of all as the author of entertaining social novels, often serialised in the press, and comparable with "A great terrace in the Palace of Herodes Tourism and also continues in this occupation the stream of novels, flowing formerly from • • • to the right, a staircase, to the left at the under the auspices of the Israel Tourist Cor­ Vicky Baum's and, today, from Hans Habe's hack, an old cistern, surrounded by a wall of poration. It is still the same brochure on indefatigable pens. green bronze. Moonlight—" such are the Samaria which he sells—printed in 1961 in Born in Leobschuetz (Upper Silesia) on Amman. directions for the scenery in Oscar Wilde's November 1, 1867, Felix Hollaender came from John the Baptist—Nebi Yahya in Arabic— an artistically highly talented Jewish family : " Salome ". is being venerated by the Moslems no less than while two of his brothers, Victor and Gustav, Last winter when I saw this opus, set to by the Christians. Of the Crusader Church became noted musicians, after settling down in niusic by Richard Strauss, in the Vienna Opera which was built on the ruins of a Byzantine Berlin Felix embarked upon a literary career. House, I did not expect to see the terrace, the Church, only the foundation walls are left. The stimulating atmosphere of the Reich The vaulted mosque, with its customary capital charmed the ambitious writer: in his staircase and the old cistern soon in the minaret, has obliterated most of the traces of comprehensive novel " Der Weg des Thomas original . . . though not in moonlight. the earlier Christian sanctuary. We descend Truck" (1902) he skilfully aimed at an The sun shines mercilessly on biblical 21 steps into a domed cave ... or is it the analysis of the intellectual currents at the turn Samaria, the ruins not far from the town of dried-up cistern in Oscar Wilde's play where of the century, especially of Eugen Duehring's Nablus. It is 32° Celsius in the shade ... as John the Baptist was kept captive before he impact on the younger generation. emerged to meet Salome ? Encouraged by his success Hollaender con­ far as there is shade. King Omri in 926 B.C.E. tinued to write many novels which, though made Samarieh the capital of the Northern Empty crypt striving for readability, dealt nevertheless with Kingdom of Israel; after its destruction King some important contemporaneous problems, Herod rebuilt the city and named it in honour In the cave there is a burial chamber with e.g., " Die Briefe des Fraeulein Brandt", pub­ a crypt—supposedly containing the remains of lished at the close of the First World War, of Emperor Augustus, Sebastieh—(sebastos John. At the time of Emperor Julius, in the heing the Greek equivalent of august). advocated the idea of pacifism, while " Salo­ fourth century, local pagans broke into the mons Schwiegertochter " tried to answer the About 30 years ago, two archaeological vault, opened the tomb, burned the body and difficult question posed by mixed marriage. expeditions, led by the British School of scattered the ashes into the winds. The Felix Hollaender the novelist spoke to a Archaeology and the Hebrew University, Jeru­ Christians were not deterred; pilgrims con­ wide audience, but he was no less influential salem, unearthed the forum, the amphitheatre, tinued to visit the crypt, and soon forget that as an intimate friend and co-worker of Max the city walls, a stadium and the columns of it had ever been disturbed. Reinhardt, serving him not only as his a Temple of Augustus. Terrace, staircase, cistern and the raised dramatic adviser, but also in the administra­ In the year C.E. 1185 a medieval pilgrim, the platform of an ancient courtyard—a setting tion of his stage enterprises. This was, Greek John Phokes wrote: " In the midst of ideal for performing " Salome". What an according to Roderich Menzel, the way in the upper part of the city is a hill upon which effect, should the actor or singer ascend from which Hollaender assisted the man of genius : stood the palace of Herodes, where the feast the same vault from which John came ; what a " Wenn Reinhardt nach einem Wort suchte, took place and where that wicked maiden dramatic climax, should the beheading warf Hollaender es ihm hin, und kaute Rein­ danced and received the sacred head of John re-enacted in the play, take place on the hardt allzulange an einem Gedanken herum, the Baptist as a reward for her dancing. At authentic site. so sprach Hollaender ihn aus. Auch griff er the present day, the place has become a Greek However, picturesque as the place is, it is seinem juengeren Meister immer wieder mit monastery." not quite so authentic. According to historic Bildungsbrocken unter die Arme". A drowsy gatekeeper with an Arab head­ reports, John the Baptist was decapitated by Apart from Reinhardt, Hollaender also gear opens for us a mosque which was erected order of Herod Antipas at Machaerus across enjoyed the friendship of his great fellow- later on this spot. He served for many years the Dead Sea. His body was said to have been Silesian Gerhart Hauptmann. It was certainly as guide under the Jordanian Ministry of saved by his disciples and buried in Sebastieh. an acme in Hollaender's life when, with others, But what happened to his head ? Discarded he was chosen to speak at the celebration of by Salome, it had disappeared. Legend wants Hauptmann's 60th birthday at the Berlin Uni­ it that it was hidden. Salome herself had versity. Five years later, when Hollaender probably no time for it, for the King, horrified attained the same age, Hauptmann retumed when she kissed the mouth of the severed the favour in a warm-hearted article published head, commanded " Kill that woman ! " Oscar in the Berliner Tageblatt. Wilde's tragedy closes: " The soldiers rush Felix Hollaender died prematurely on May forward and crush beneath their shields 30, 1931, in Berlin. Salome, daughter of Herodias, Princess of Judea ". FRITZ FRIEDLANDER. J. C. Gilbert Ltd. So it is assumed that her mother Herodias had secreted away the head of the Baptist, whom she hated so much. Our guide leads us to the remnants of a Gorta Radiovision chapel from the twelfth century, the " Church of the Invention of the Head of St. John the Service Baptist". It was here that the head was (Mcmbet R.T.R.A.) * thought to have been hidden. One still can make out the remains of frescoes depicting 13 Frognal Parade, the decapitation of John and the discovery of the head. The first scene shows the execution Finchley Road, N.W.3 and the other, two figures seen digging against a flowery background. The Arab gatekeeper feels sorry to dis­ SALES REPAIRS appoint us. He cannot show us the head. Columbia House Although it was recovered here in a mysterious Agents for Bush, Pye, Philips, Ferranti, way, it disappeared again no less mysteriously Grundig, etc. a long time ago, he does not know when. He Aldwych seems sad that the place in his charge does Television Rentals from 8^' Per Week not any longer contain the sacred relic. Only when he tells us where the head is reposed, Mr. Gort will always be pleased to London, W.C.2 his eyes lighten up—in Damascus. The fame advise you, of Sebastieh may suffer, but that the head of Nebi Yahiya is out of reach of the Israelis, (HAM. 8635) puts the man definitely into a better mood. Page 8 AJR INFORMATION November, 1967

Kurt Grunwald " Neither in London nor in Paris is there anything in the least degree analogous to the station which the bankers of Vienna hold in its society. Their wealth as a body is OLD VIENNA'S HAUTE NOBLESSE AND enormous, and, therefore, as a body they are, and must be, of very considerable influence and importance in the state. Individually, THE JEWISH BANKING KNIGHTS too, their wealth is such, as in many instances, to make their manner of living The Letters of Frances Trollope approach in expense very nearly to that o* the highest nobles in the empire. Moreover, With the advance of capitalism at the begin­ the Austrians" (1837), is highly coloured by some few among them have by purchase ning of the nineteenth century, a steadily prejudices. This also becomes evident in those ennobled their families by a title. And yet rising number of Jewish court bankers were parts of the work which deal with the Jews with all this—with title, fortune, influence, elevated to the ranks of the nobility. Yet of Vienna. and a magnificent style of living—the bankers are as uniformly unadmitted ana they soon found out that neither title nor "To describe to you well and learnedly unadmissible in the higher circles, as if theV wealth, nor even conversion to Christianity, the position of the children of Israel (she had continued as primitively unpretending made them fully acceptable to High Society. writes) would be no easy task. They are in station as their goldsmith progenitors. That this particularly applied to those who clothed in sable and fine linen, and fare lived in Vienna becomes manifest from letters sumptuously every day. But how far they She tries to explain that in England, being by a contemporary witness, Frances Trollope. are, or ever will be, kindly and affectionately a commercial country, and in France, rapidly amalgamated with the other members of this becoming one, the situation was different- Frances Milton Trollope (1780-1863), the Christian and Catholic empire, is a question mother of the prolific English novelist, She, as a stranger, had the advantage to mi* that I will not undertake to answer. in both layers of the Viennese society, but Anthony Trollope, was an interesting lady in " Where their passion for the accumula­ her own right. The daughter of a parson, tion of wealth has been gratified, as it has one gains the impression that in her she was married to Thomas Anthony Trollope, been probably in all the cities of the world, sympathies she is torn between the new money a barrister. In 1829, her husband was finan­ by the slow but sure accumulation of grains, aristocracy to which, in spite of her anti- cially ruined by injudicious speculation. The instead of ingots, their success brought Jewish feelings, she feels drawn by her intel­ family emigrated to the U.S.A. and opened a happiness. But when, in defiance of their lectual and cultural inclinations and the high small fancy goods business in Cincinnati. wandering doom, they venture to congregate aristocracy, the feudal lords whose invitations together in large and wealthy communities satisfy her cmde snobbism. However, after two years' struggle this proved and, not even contended with this, attempt a failure. Meanwhile, Frances had attracted the engrafting of themselves into the society In her letters home she refers again and attention by her revolutionary views and her of Christians hostile to them alike from again to the separation between the Haute demand for women's rights, and created acute principle and prejudice, it is not very diffi­ Noblesse and the Bourgeoise Aristocracy. resentment by the unflattering contents of her cult to perceive that the result must, of True, sometimes members of the former do work on " Domestic Manners of the Ameri­ necessity, be a vanity for ever wounded and vexation of spirit for ever renewed. attend the dinners and dances of the latter, cans ", her first literary effort. but they will not recognise their hostesses of After years of misery and deprivation, the "Most heartilv do I wish that every Jew could see the blessed light of truth, and last night if they meet them in the street next family returned to England. Yet, to escape his learn to read by it the law of God aright, day. Nor could a hostess of the Haute creditors, Thomas Trollope had to leave again. and so be converted ; but the manner in Noblesse set dare to invite to one of her He fled to Bruges, where he stayed up to his which this process of conversion is some­ receptions a lady of recent nobility, one ot death, supported by his wife's steadily increas­ times brought about here by the aid of other the most elegant women in Vienna, whom she ing literary income. Frances Trollope became feelings than those of conviction, is not liked very much and whose house she had a successful and popular novelist, and her calculated to awaken any very warm senti­ visited. Vienna in 1837, though slowly head­ travelogues helped to finance her trips to the ment of approving welcome in the breast of surrounding Christians." ing for a social revolution—1848—was not Continent. The erstwhile revolutionary ready for a revolution in society. tumed into a staunch conservative. This made Still there was one thing about them that her highly acceptable to the like-minded High made a deep impression on her. After criticis­ It was only in 1887 that Baron Albert Societies of Paris and Vienna. The steady flow ing the low level of the Viennese opera of Rothschild and his Parisian wife finally of royalties enabled her to acquire an estate those days, she continues : received the so much desired " Hoffaehigkeit" in England and a villa in Florence, where she —67 years after the hereditary barony had " There is yet another species of music been conferred upon Salomon Rothschild. died in 1863. which I have heard in Vienna, but of this I In 1836/7 she paid a protracted visit to hardly know how to speak. Were I to But even at court, society was divided into Austria. She had been well introduced to the attempt expressing to you all it has made me an outer and inner, more intimate circle of British Ambassador who, in tum, introduced feel, you might, perhaps, think it had those " really belonging". And one is her to the leading circles of Vienna. Like all charmed away my wits. There is in tmth, reminded of the answer which Emperor her reports, her Austrian travelogue, published so wild and strange a harmony in the songs Joseph II gave to members of the nobility of the children of Israel as performed in the when, after he had thrown open the parks of in two volumes under the title " Vienna and synagogue in this city, that it would be diffi­ cult to render full justice to the splendid the Augarten Palais to the public at large, excellence of the performance, without fall­ they complained to him that now they could ing into the language of enthusiasm. A no longer be there " among themselves ". " H voice, to which that of Braham in his best I wanted to be only among those of my rank, days was not superior, performs the solo I would have to stay in the Xapuzinergruft" parts of these extra-ordinary cantiques; (i.e., the burial place of the Habsburg family)- while about a dozen voices more, some of them being boys, fill up the glorious chorus. The volume of vocal sound exceeds anything of the kind I have ever heard; and being Your House for:— unaccompanied by any instrument it pro­ duces an effect equally singular and CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO, delightful." UPHOLSTERY The voice which made such a deep impres­ sion on her was that of the famous chazan SPECIALITY Salomon Sulzer, the Cantor of the new (1826) synagogue in Seitenstettengasse, who counted CONTINENTAL DOWN Franz Schubert and Franz Liszt among his admirers; and on whose " Shir Zion" even QUILTS I today services of many Jewish congregations are based. ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS In general, as Mrs. Trollope was gradually to find out, musical entertainment was to be ESTIMATES FREE found in the salons of the Jews, " the Boursier set", the banker barons, rather than in the DAWSON-LANE LIMITED great houses of the high noblesse. And here 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK she is stmck by a stratification peculiar to Telephone: ARN. 6671 Vienna's society and not to be found elsewhere Personal attention of Mr. W. Shackman in Westem capital cities : AJR INFORMA'nON November, 1967 Page 9 Berlin. Later, when the university became more and more influenced by Communist doc­ IN MEMORIAM trine, Gmmach, living in West Berlin, devoted himself, as from 1948, to a new subject of WALTER NEURATH PROFESSOR ERNST GRUMACH research: (Joethe, especially Goethe's con­ versations (" Gespraeche"). In 1960 he Walter Neurath, founder and owner of the Professor Dr. Ernst Grumach (Berlin) died published a small volume, " Goethe im Publishing firm Thames & Hudson, who at the age of 64 in London, where he had come Gespraech" (Fischer-Buecherei) and in 1964 recently died in London after a long illness, to deliver a series of lectures. Born in Tilsit, he began to edit a new complete scholarly lad only one interest in life: the production he studied classical philology and soon edition of Goethe's conversations, meant to developed a special interest in early Greek and consist of several volumes. But, in the mean­ pf beautiful books for a wide readership. Born pre-Greek, particularly Cretan, culture. In time, Ventris' new theory on the Cretan scrii>t In Vienna 64 years ago, he had just started to 1930 he was appointed lecturer at the Univer­ and language had made him tum again to his make a name for himself after leaving univer­ sity of Koenigsberg, but was dismissed when original favourite subject. He was one of the sity when he had to emigrate from occupied the Nazis came to power. few philologists of reputation who fervently Austria. First he joined a small company, His next academic teaching appointment was opposed Ventris' theories. For this purpose editing a " Britain in Pictures " series during at the Berlin Lehranstalt fuer die Wissenschaft he founded a new periodical, " Kadmos" the war years informing people in the United des Judentums which, after 1933, introduced (1962), and his reputation in the learned world ^tates and the Commonwealth about life in courses on non-Judaistic subjects in order to became even more international. England. offer Jewish students, then eliminated from German universities, a comprehensive aca­ Among ourselves, however, Grumach will be To fulfil his ambition to make available demic education. This gradual transformation remembered in the first place for his devotion Well-iUustrated books to all, he founded of the Lehranstalt into a kind of Jewish uni­ to the Lehranstalt. The trials he went through ^ames & Hudson, 1949, in an attic in versity had to be carried out as unobtrusively on its behalf during the years of persecution «olborn and introduced a new syste„jo.^..m, as possible, because it ran against Nazi policy were, in all likelihood, the ultimate cause of "^y eo-producing art books with publishers in and was therefore illegal. When, in 1937, his passing away at a comparatively early age. ^her countries in various languages. In 1961 teaching of Greek and Latin philology was ^eurath linked up his firm with American introduced, Grumach was invited to join the RICHARD FUCHS. 8nd Continental companies, investing £2i teaching staff. He accepted enthusiastically, million in a 40-volume series, " The Arts of happy to renew his academic teaching and to be relieved of the worry how to provide a DR. WILHELM HARMELIN Mankind", the tenth volume of which has livelihood for his family. By his personal and lust been published and, despite its price of intellectual qualities he became one of the It is learned with deep regret that Dr. eight guineas, is proving successful. Wilhelm Harmelin suddenly died at the age most popular members of the Lehranstalt. of 66. He was the scion of one of the oldest But Walter Neurath will not only be remem­ He continued his activities under the most diffi­ fur-trade families in Leipzig. He practised bered as the publisher who "invented" art cult circumstances until the Lehranstalt was law in his home town until 1933 and later, "^ooks in England; he also printed important closed by order of the Nazis on July 19, 1942. until 1939, was a partner in his family's firm. Works in other fields of his choice, not in his As long as possible Grumach helped his During his university years he was active in name but in that of his firm. His relationship students, particularly by trying to obtain their the German-Jewish students' movement. A With his authors was a very personal one and release when they were detained for deporta­ diligent research worker. Dr. Harmelin wrote Thames & Hudson is a family business; his tion. He himself was once arrested after a several comprehensive treatises about Jews in Wife, his son Thomas, his daughter Constance denunciation. He survived the Nazi regime in the Leipzig Fur Industry, one of which was Berlin because of his " Aryan" wife (their published in the "Year Book 1964" of the and step-son Stephen who were partners will daughter was educated as a Jewess and to my Leo Baeck Institute. He was also an interested continue and follow his line—not an easy task knowledge now lives in Israel). and helpful member of the AJR. We extend necause Neurath was in every respect a per­ After the war he became a professor at the our sincere sympathy to his widow, Mrs. H. fectionist Pem. Humboldt University in the then still united Harmelin.

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N.W.G OFFICIALLY APPOINTED HOOVER SERVICE DEALERS 'Phone HAMpstead 2602 Page 10 AJR INFORMATION November, 1967 ORGANISATIONS AND PERSONALITIES AJR MANCHESTER Social Gathering on November 26 CENTRAL BRITISH FUND ARNOLD ZWEIG Encouraged by its success last year, the Twice within a fortnight Arnold Zweig has AJR Manchester branch has arranged lo^ Chief Rabbi's Thanks denied Israeli and West German newspaper another social gathering, which will be beta reports that he has written letters to Israel on Sunday, November 26, from 4 to 8 pn]i'_^ At the dinner at the Dorchester Hotel given critical of the East German Government's pro- the Albert Levy Hall, the Manchester Reform by the Central British Fund and British Ose Arab policies. The Jewish author, who settled Synagogue, Jackson's Row, Albert Square, to launch the 1967-68 appeal, the Chief Rabbi, in East Berlin after the war, hag threatened Manchester, 2. Refreshments (3s. 6d.) will De Dr. I. Jakobovits said: " Thirty years ago I actions against West German newspapers pub­ served. It is hoped that many members a"" was rescued from Nazi oppression as a German lishing such reports. His West German pub­ their friends will attend the function. Non- refugee by the Central British Fund. After lishers have filed complaints against three members are also welcome. 30 years, no longer as a recipient but as one newspapers. of you, it is a source of thanksgiving to me Dr. Adam Zweig, the author's son, who lives DELAY IN DELIVERY OF to be one of your Presidents." Other speakers in Switzerland, told a Munich newspaper that " AJR INFORMATION " at the function were Brigadier General Uzzi his father had always sympathised with Israel Narkiss, Commander of the Israeli Forces and the Jews but would not have written such We regret that there was a delay in the which captured Old Jerusalem and the West letters. He would never write that if he had delivery of last month's AJR Information. Bank, who was the guest of honour, and Mr. the chance to leave East Germany, he would This was due to the dilatory way in *"}'''} Victor Mishcon. Mr. Edmund de Rothschild, crawl to the Holy Land on his hands and knees second-class mail is now sometimes handieo who presided, announced that he had received —" he would either go upright or stay where by the Post Office. Many readers receiyeo an anonymous gift of £75,000 with which to he is ". said Dr. Zweig. their copies as late as seven days after tne launch the appeal. Shortly after the incident, Arnold Zweig date of the postmark. We immediately raisea was awarded the East German " Fatherland's the matter with the postal authorities ano Order of Merit". hope that there will be no recurrence of the Guests from Florida delay. At the same time we wish to tender our apologies to our readers. The great number A party from the Greater Miami Jewish SUCCESSOR TO IBE LATE of inquiries received at our ofBce re-affirmed Federation, Florida, were guests of the Central CHARLES JORDAN the keen interest taken in our joumal. As British Fund at Woburn House on September Mr. Charles Jordan whose death under before, we shall always try to make sure that 14 for a brief but comprehensive seminar on mysterious circumstances was announced in AJR Information reaches our readers during British Jewry, its structure, participation in our previous issue, will be succeeded in his the first week of the month. the Israeli emergency, organisation, place in capacity as executive vice-chairman of the the national life and methods of money-raising. " Joint" by Mr. Samuel Haber. Mr. Haber, AWARD FOR EX-GERMAN LAWYER The American visitors' questions were who is 63, joined the J.D.C. as director for answered by Mr. H. Oscar Joseph, Chairman Germany in 1947. He participated in the Dr. Martin Domke, adjunct professor of law of the Central British Fund, who was in the transfer of displaced persons from the D.P. at New York University, Vice-President of the chair; Mr. Charles Kapralik, Joint Secretary, camps to Israel in 1948. He later served as American Arbitration Association, has been C.B.F. ; Mr. Abraham Marks. Secretary of the assistant director general in Geneva until awarded the Commander's Cross of the Order Board of Deputies and others. re-assignment to New York in 1964. of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Questioned about the drift away from reli­ Mr. Jordan's successor as director general of for his outstanding contributions to American- gion of the younger generation, Mr. Marks Overseas Programmes with headquarters in German relations in the field of international described a " resurrection and resurgence of Geneva will be Mr. Louis D. Horwits. private law as well as international commer­ Orthodoxy among the younger people " since cial arbitration. , the Israeli emergency, but said that, of 2,000 KAETHE KOLLWITZ EXHIBITION Dr. Domke was born in Berlin in 1892 and Jewish university lecturers, only 10 per cent emigrated to the United States in 1941. He had anything to do with the Jewish religion A Kaethe Kollwitz Exhibition will be held wrote numerous books and articles, which are or community. from November 8 to December 10 in Bethnal highly appreciated by lawyers and scholars in It was revealed that Great Britain had raised Green Museum, Cambridge Heath Road, E.2 many countries. Dr. Domke is also a member more per head for the Emergency Fund than (not at the Whitechapel Art Gallery, as stated of the Bar of the City of New York and the any other country except South Africa. in our October issue). City of Hamburg.

FAMILY EVENTS Accommodation Wanted ACCOUNTS, AUDITS, INCOME MISSING PERSONS TAX, including double taxation, Entries in the column Family FURNISHED FLATLET (or part- Personal Enquiries Events are free of charge. Texts furnished) required by refined speedily dealt with by experienced lady. Must be on ground floor or accountant. 'Phone 455 1183 or should be sent in by the 18th of write Box 881. Krenzel / KraenzeL—Mr. Emanuel of the month. in block with lift and also have Krenzel or Kraenzel, last known electric cooking facilities and EXCLUSIVE FUR REPAIRS AND address in Germany, Berlin W. 15 . Deatbs central heating. Preferably N.W.3/ RE-STYLING. All kinds of fur Xantenerstr. 21, supposed to haye N.W.G districts. Box 883. work undertaken by first-class Braun.—Mrs. Fanny Braun, of renovator and stylist, many years' immigrated to this country in Otto Schiff House, 14 Netherhall RETIRED COMPANY DIRECTOR experience and best references. September, 1939. Readers who Gardens, London, N.W.3, passed wants furnished room, central 'Phone 452 5867 after 5 p.m. for can supply any information should away on the first day of Rosh heating, full or half-board (per­ appointments. Mrs. F. Phillipp. contact Miss E. Aronsfeld, Jewisn Hashana (October 5, 1967), after a manent). Swiss Cottage, West 44 Ellesmere Road, Dollis Hill, Refugees Committee, 217/9 Totten­ long illness and 48 years of very Hampstead or Golders Green dis­ London, N.W.IO. ham Court, Road, London, W.l. happy marriage. Deeply moumed trict only. Box 885. 'Phone LANgham 6931. by her husband, relatives and AJR Attendance Service friends. Miscellaneous Lippmann.—The former Miss Harmelin.—Dr. Wilhelm Harmelin, WOMEN available to care for sick Emmely Lippmann who emigrated of 101 Ashford Court, Ashford WEST BERLIN. Large concern of and handicapped people, also as from Berlin - Neu Babelsberg to Road, London, N.W.2 (formerly building contractors wishes to pur­ companions and sitters-in, etc., Egypt about 1936, where she Leipzig), passed away suddenly, chase building sites or land in West non-residential. MAIda Vale 4449. married a Russian, name unknown. aged 66. Deeply mourned by his Berlin. Please communicate with Her present name and address wife, Hilde (nee Lynfield), rela­ Dr. R. Munster, 356/360 Gray's Inn AJR Needlewomen Service required by Niels Hogh, Ved Road, London, W.C.l. Telephone Furesoen 6, Holte, Denmark. tives and friends. TERminus 4454/7522. WOMEN available for alterations, Havelland.—Miss Lilly Havelland, mending, handicrafts. MAI. 4449. 65 Eton Place. London, N.W.3, Enquiries by AJR passed away on October 9. Deeply Personal mourned by her family and friends. HOUSEKEEPER WANTED Guttmann.—Relatives of the late Hirschhora.—Mr. Ernst Hirsch- WIDOWER, mid-sixties, youthful Edmund Guttmann who died in looking, in good health and ener­ horn, aged 84, of 3 Pasture Road, for modern well-equipped and Breslau on February 24, 1945, North Wembley, passed away on getic, active company director of especially Ruth, daughter of the September 29. Deeply moumed by staffed home where 70 old several businesses, own house, car, deceased's brother Ernst Guttmann. his daughters and friends. etc., professional background, people enjoy life. educated, originating from Vienna, Levi, Barbara, born Febmary 1. CLASSIFIED many intellectual interests—music, 1911, in Fischbach, emigrated to Every facility available for right conversation, etc.—desires meet Rugby in July 1939, and Lowen­ The charge in these columns is personality. Apply Matron, 3s. for five words. kind-hearted congenial Jewish lady, stein, Walter, bora 1.9.1908, of pref. widow in her fifties, of Tubingen, last known address 136 Situations Vacant MORRIS FEINMANN HOUSE charm and intelligence. View Wembley Hill Road, Wembley PART-TIME BOOKKEEPER re­ SPATH RD., DIDSBURY. MANCHESTER marriage. Replies with recent Park, Middlesex. Wanted for quired for interaational lawyer's photos requested, to be returned in forthcoming book on former city office. Box 884. strictest confidence. Box 882. Jewish residents of Tiibingen.

TPr AJR INFORMATION November, 1967 Page 11

MORE N.P.D. GAINS ROUND AND ABOUT The National Democrats, West Germany's extremist Right-wing party, won 8.8 per cent LIBYAN REFUGEES ALGERIAN OPPOSITION of the vote in the recent Bremen City State Assembly elections, thus achieving eight seats •^n article in " Epoca," an Italian news The anti-Boumedienne Algerian opposition, in the legislature. magazine, states that more than 2,000 Libyan in its clandestine organ, " Resistance", Of West Germany's ten provincial Parlia­ Jews are in former refugee camps in Europe. strongly criticised an anti-Jewish broadcast ments, this is the sixth in which the N.P.D. on the official Algerian radio service. A series They fled from Tripoli and other places after have won seats, although the Federal authori­ of broadcasts by one Bouzidi were singled out ties have claimed that support for the the outbreak of violence by Libyans when the which, it was stated, were inspired by " the extremists was on the wane. Six-Day War started. Until June of this year most primitive, heinous and vulgar racialism." The party leader, Adolf von Thadden, has there were 4,000 Jews in Libya. The writer said that the N.P.D. could expect to win about °f the article, a well-known journalist and TURKISH STATISTICS 50 seats in the Federal Parliament in the next Publicist writing under the pen-name of An official census conducted in October, election. " Riccardietta ". also slates that many Libyan 1965, gives details of the Turkish Jewish GAS CHAMBER EXPERT ON PROBATION Jews who have not fled are in Gurgi, a camp community. Out of 39,000 members of the some four miles outside Tripoli. community, 21,000 are women and 18,000 are Dr. Albert Widmann, a former S.S. major men. Of these 31,000 live in Istanbul (16,500 who took a leading part in the construction and The Jews of Libya can either stay in the women and 14,500 men). The Izmir commu­ use of mobile gas chambers during the Nazi I'efugee camp under Libyan police protection, nity has 2,800 women and 1,800 men. About period, received six-and-a-half years' hard stay at home and never venture out, or leave 1,200 Jews live in the capital, Ankara, and labour in Stuttgart. Because of the four-and- the country, and the article concludes by the rest in nearly a dozen smaller towns. a-half years already spent in pre-trial custody, "rging them to sell up and leave the country Formerly the Jewish population of Turkey Widmann was released and placed on proba­ for ever. was estimated at 44,000. tion for two years. ENGLISH SYNAGOGUE GROUP VISITS Chief chemist in the criminal-technical insti­ BERLIN tute of the Reich criminal police with the rank B.O.D. AT FOREIGN OFFICE of S.S. Sturmbannfuehrer, Widmann was found Fourteen members of the South-West Essex guilty of helping to kill at least 29 mentally Mr. Goronwy Roberts, Minister of State in handicapped patients, of helping to develop <^harge of Middle East and North African Reform Synagogue in Ilford recently paid a week's visit to Berlin as guests of the Evan­ mobile gas chambers and of complicity in the ?ffairs, assured a deputation of the Board of gelische Akademie. The visit was organised murder of more than 4,000 people. I^eputies that the British Government will by Pastor Dieter Schoeneich, who brought a The court ordered him to pay the equivalent continue to do all in its power to discourage group of young people from his congregation of £350 to a school for physically handicapped and prevent maltreatment of and discrimina­ to stay with members of the synagogue last children. tion against Jewish communities and indivi- year. The synagogue members visited insti­ AMERICAN ARMY NAZIS

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ISRAEL-BONN ATOM PACT ? THE ISRAELI SCENE The Soviet military newspaper. Red StaT, has alleged that West Germany and Israel are IMMIGRATION VATICAN CONTACTS working on joint development of nuclear The Jewish Agency's newly merged immi­ weapons. The paper said that West Germany gration and absorption department is seeking Discreet, frequent and cordial, though was using supposedly peaceful atomic r^^^^^'r to bring 20,000 immigrant families to Israel, unofficial, contacts are developing between assistance to other countries as a " smoKe- as well as planning their settlement. To this Vatican officials and Israeli diplomats in Rome. screen" to cover plans to become "co-owner end Jewish Agency leaders are visiting com­ An unprecedented invitation was extended to of the nuclear bomb". Israel, the article munities in the Western world. They will be the Israeli Ambassador to Italy, Mr. Ehud stated, had become one such partner for Bonn. followed by army officers, scholars, professional Avriel, to attend the consecration of an arch­ Fifty scientists and 400 military experts and business men, who will support the efforts bishop at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. from West Germany were co-operating wiwi to attract immigrants. Meeting in Rome's Pontifical Institute for Israel in nuclear research, the paper claimeo, Arab Studies, about 40 members of the Catholic and work on nuclear weapons was being con­ FOOD DUMPING hierarchy, including several Arabs, issued a ducted mainly at Rehovot and Dimona m The practice of dumping fruit and vege­ statement advocating an urgent solution to the tables, which this summer increased, has been Arab refugee problem, deploring the wide­ The article went on to say that many IsraeU criticised by the Sephardi Chief Rabbi, Itzhak spread confusion in Christian opinion in specialists were studying in Karlsruhe ana Nissim. Pointing out that there were poor Europe and America between religious issues Hamburg, and that nuclear research in botn people needing this food, he said that " how­ concerning Judaism and political issues con­ countries was being directed by a " special ever important the economic reasons, they cerning Israel. The statement also expressed organ set up at the Max Planck Institute oi cannot justify the moral, social and educational the hope for a peaceful settlement of the Nuclear Research in Heidelberg ".—(J.C.) evil" this wastage of food represented. Middle East crisis. The large glut of fruit this year is due to a In a leading article appealing for conciliation UNRWA INVESTIGA-nON ADVOCATED wet and cool winter, increased planting and between the peoples of the Middle East the unexpected supplies from the occupied terri­ editor of the Vatican weekly, Osservatore della At a meeting of the Anglo-Israel Association tories. Steps were not taken to channel Domenica, commented on the Khartoum con­ in London on the theme "What Next in surpluses to welfare institutions. ference. He stated that, although international Israel?" Mr. Kenneth Lindsay, director oj A few days after the Chief Rabbi's criticism, observers have considered as " moderate " the the association, seriously questioned the ability the Minister of Agriculture instructed his staff conclusions reached at Khartoum, the only of the present United Nations Relief and to work out ways of supplying people in need thing in its favour was that the " summit" Works Agency to solve the refugee problem- with surplus apples. did not further worsen the already grave situa­ Advocating an impartial investigation oi tion. The refusal to recognise the Jewish State Unrwa by a team of international experts, .MEDICAL AID FOR ARABS and its right to exist remain, as does the rejec­ he said the refugee problem must be solved Cancer victims among West Bank Arab refu­ tion of direct negotiations.—(J.C.) by the efforts of all the nations. gees who are the responsibility of the United M.P.s EXPRESS SOLIDARITY Nations Relief and Works Agency will be RESEARCH ON HEMP treated by the Hadassah Medical Organisation. This was announced by Professor Kalman J. At a meeting at the Stoke Newington Town Two Israeli scientists have successfully Hall held bj; the North London branch or Mann, the organisation's director-general, at Poale Zion in conjunction with the Stoke Hadassah's annual convention held in Miami probed the secrets of hashish and marijuana, the drugs derived from hemp, used by some Newington and North Hackney branch of the Beach. He told the 2,000 delegates that 200 Labour Party, three Labour M.P.s expressed Arabs from East Jerusalem and the West Bank 200 million people in the world. Bulgarian-Dorn Dr. Raphael Meshoulam, of solidarity with Israel. Mr. Raymond Fletcher are receiving daily treatment in the out­ said that he had nothing but disdain for tb© patients' department at the Hadassah-Hebrew the Hebrew University, and Dr. Yehiel Gaoni, a sabra, of the Institute of Chemistry at Labour Party M.P.s who had visited Jordan University Medical Centre at Ein Kerem. and came back with false news. Mr. Maurice Mrs. Mortimer Jacobson, president of Rehovot, have discovered the exact structure of the active constituents of hemp and have Orbach declared that the Foreign Secretary Hadassah, called on the organisation's 300,000 had made many errors in Middle East policy- members to " give their children some form of produced a synthesised product. The United States National Institution of Mental Health Israelis and Arabs should be allowed to come Israeli experience to back up and fortify the together at a peace conference. Mr. David Jewish experience they received in their has shown particular interest in the work of Weitzman said that no matter what Mr- homes". She also said the Guggenheim the two Israelis, giving them grants totalling Brown or the United Nations said, Jerusalem Foundation had approved a grant of about about £27,000. was united and would remain united. Why, he £178,500 to set up a rehabilitation centre at the asked, was the press to silent about the 700,000 Hadassah Hospital on Mount Scopus where A YEAR IN ISRAEL Jewish refugees from Arab lands.? Jews, Moslems and Christians would be treated. Speaking in Manchester at a rally on " The ESHKOL THANKS PRESS GERMAN RELIEF FOR DISABLED Six-Day War and its Aftermath ", Rabbi Dr. CHILDREN Julius Unsdorfer, minister of the Holy Law At the Intemational Newspaper Publishers' The German " Labour Welfare Organisa­ Synagogue, said that every Jewish family Association conference recently held in Jeru­ tion " has presented a sum of over £8,000 to throughout the world should encourage their salem, 21 countries were represented by 120 Youth Aliyah for relief work among disabled children to spend a year in Israel, with a view delegates, with a strong delegation from Jewish children in Kiryat Yearim. to settling at a later date. Unless at least Britain. The organisation—the only body to appeal a million Jews settled in the Jewish State Mr. Eshkol, the Prime Minister, told the specifically on behalf of Israel—raised the within the next five years, it was in danger of opening session that the delegates could be money by an appeal during and after the Six- losing its Jewish identity and becoming an proud of " the brilliant page written in the Day War. Arab State. history of the free press " during the June war.

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