Britain and Its Colonies, Colonial Ways of Life –Reading Guide – Period 2 1607-1754  What were Britain’s reasons for establishing colonies in North America? o Enclosure o Puritans o Glorious Revolution

 Why did the first English colony, at Jamestown, experience hardships in its first decades? o Virginia Company o Tobacco o Powhatan Confederacy / Chief o Bacon’s Rebellion Powhatan

 How important was religion as a motivation for colonization? o Proprietary colony o “Great Migration” o Maryland o Rhode Island o Separatists . Roger Williams . Mayflower Compact . Anne Hutchinson o Massachusetts Bay o Connecticut . Conformists . Fundamental Orders of . John Winthrop Connecticut

 How did British colonists and Indians adapt to each other’s presence? o Algonquian o Pequot War o King Philip’s War . Praying towns . Wampanoag

 How does the English Civil War impact the colonies? o New England Confederacy o Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 o Restoration of Charles II

 How is the settling of the Carolinas similar and different from the founding of Virginia and New England? o Fundamental Constitution of Carolina o Rice o Indian Enslavement . Tuscarora War . Yamsee War

 How do the Dutch develop and then lose colonies with unique features in North America? o New Netherland o Fur o Dutch West India Company o New Amsterdam

 How is the settlement of North American impacted by European conflict and rivalries? o Iroquois League o Pennsylvania o Beaver Wars . Quakers o New Jersey o Georgia

 Why was it possible for England to establish successful colonies by 1700 o Political reasons o Geographic reasons o o What demographic and environmental patterns emerge in early America? o Four waves of colonization o Indian vs. European environmental impacts o America vs. Europe . Land . Birthrates . Labor . Death rates

o What were the differences in gender and family in the colonies and what similar attitudes emerge throughout the English colonies? o Sex ratios o Ethnic differences o Gender roles o Economic roles o What were the social, ethnic, and economic differences among the southern, middle, and New England colonies? . Southern (Chesapeake) • How important was indentured servitude to the development of the colonies, and why had the system been replaced by slavery in the South by 1700? • Indentured servants • Staple crops • Slavery – roots, traits, differences o African o Western Hemisphere (chattel) • Slave Resistance o Stono rebellion of 1739 o Conspiracy of 1741

. New England • Township grants • How did the colonies participate in international and imperial trade? o Cod o Ship-building o Triangular Trade • Government o Covenant theory o Half-Way Covenant • Salem witchcraft hysteria

o Middle Colonies . Ethnic mix – Mennonites, Scots-Irish . Backcountry expansion o What were the effects of the Enlightenment in America? o Benjamin Franklin o Differences from Calvinist thought o Education and schools o How did the Great Awakening affect the colonies? o Jonathan Edwards o William Tennent . “Sinners in the Hands of o George Whitefield Angry God” o Universities o How did the British Empire administer the economy of its colonies? o Mercantile system o Navigation Acts o Dominion of New England o How were colonial governments structured, and how independent were they of the mother country? o Effects of the Glorious Revolution o Salutary Neglect o John Locke o Royal governors . Two Treatises of Government o Colonial Assemblies

Colonies to States, Revolution, Shaping a Union and The Federalist Era –Reading Guide – Period 3 1754 - 1800

What were the causes of the French and Indian War? o The Albany Conference How did victory in the French and Indian War affect the British colonies in North America? How did it (and the subsequent colonial move westward) affect their relationship with the Native Americans? o Pontiac’s Rebellion o Paxton Boys (later in chapter)

o Proclamation of 1763

How and why did British colonial policy change after 1763? o Stamp Act o George Grenville o The Townshend Acts o Navigation Acts o Quartering Act o Molasses Act o Sugar Act What were the main motivations and events that led to a break with the mother country? o Stamp Act Congress o Sons of Liberty/Sam Adams o Boston Massacre o The Boston Tea Party o The Coercive (Intolerable) Acts What were some of the new experiments in government, culture and religion that challenged the imperial systems across the Atlantic? o Thomas Paine/Common Sense o Thomas Jefferson/Declaration of Independence o Continental Congress (first and second) o Paul Revere

How did the early events of the Revolutionary War begin and how did they shape the conflict moving forward? o Lexington and o Bunker Hill Concord o Tories o Paul Revere o George Washington o Minutemen

What were the military strategies and challenges for both the American and British forces? o George Washington o Continental Army o William Howe o Hessians o Patriots vs. Tories What were the war’s major turning points? o The American Crisis o Treaty of Amity and Commerce o General John Burgoyne o Valley Forge o Battle of Saratoga/Campaign of 1777 o Marquis de Lafayette

Who were the major players toward the end of the war and how did they influence the outcome of the conflict? o Charles o Admiral François-Joseph-Paul de Grasse Cornwallis/Yorktown o Treaty of Paris/John Adams o General Nathanael Greene o Benedict Arnold What were the post-Revolutionary political, economic and social changes in the new United States? o Native American losses in the Treaty of Paris and beyond o Displacement of Loyalists/free and enslaved blacks o John Murray, Lord Dunmore o Abigail Adams o Freedom of religion in the colonies

What were the successes and limitations of the Articles of Confederation? o Articles of Confederation o Robert Morris o Alexander Hamilton o Northwest Ordinance o Weaknesses of the Confederation government o Shays’ Rebellion

Why did the delegates to the Constitutional Convention draft a completely new constitution? How did the new Constitution show evidence of governing principles outlined to protect the balance of liberty and order? o James Madison o Virginia Plan/New Jersey Plan o The Great Compromise o Colonial Assemblies

How important was the issue of slavery in the Constitution? th o 3/5 Compromise o Slave Trade Compromise

What were the main issues in the debate over ratification of the Constitution? o Federalists/Anti-Federalists o Publius/The Federalist o Federalist No. 10 o Separation of Powers o Bill of Rights o State Constitutions

What were the main challenges facing Washington’s administration?

o Federalists vs. Democratic Republicans o Strict vs. loose construction of the Constitution o Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause) of the Constitution o Treaty of Greenville o Whiskey Rebellion

What was Hamilton’s vision of the new republic? o “Report on Public Credit” o “Report of Manufactures” o Bank of the United States

How did European affairs complicate the internal political and diplomatic problems of the new country? o French Revolution o Citizen Genet o Jay’s Treaty o Pickney’s Treaty o Washington’s Farewell Address What were the successes and challenges of the Adams’ administration? o XYZ Affair o Alien and Sedition Acts o Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Why did Madison and Jefferson lead the opposition to Hamilton’s policies? o Aaron Burr o Election of 1800 The Early Republic, The Dynamics of Growth, Nationalism and Sectionalism, The Jacksonian Era Period 4 – 1800 – 1848 o What were the main achievements/events of Jefferson’s administration? o Republicans vs. Federalists o Barbary Pirates o Aaron Burr vs. Alexander Hamilton o What was the impact of the Marshall court on the U.S. government? o Marbury v. Madison o Fletcher v. Peck o Chief Justice John Marshall o How did the Louisiana Purchase change the United States? What was ironic in the argument debating its approval as a territory? o Lewis & Clark o Corp of Discovery o Strict vs. Loose Construction o What were the causes and effects of the War of 1812? o Impressment o Chesapeake/Leopard Affair o War Hawks o Embargo Act o Francis Scott Key o Tecumseh/Battle of Tippecanoe o Treaty of Ghent o William Henry Harrison o The Battle of New Orleans o The Hartford Convention o How did the explosive growth of industry, agriculture and transportation change America? o Conestogas o Clermont o Erie Canal o Growth of the railroad o What were some of the inventions that economically and socially improved and changed the country? o Samuel F. B. Morse/telegraph o Lowell girls o Eli Whitney/cotton gin o Cult of domesticity o Cyrus Hall McCormick/Mechanical o Minstrelsy Reaper o How had immigration changed by the mid-nineteenth century? o The Irish . Potato famine . Coffin ships o The Germans . Levi Strauss o Nativism o Know-Nothing Party o Why did early labor unions emerge? o Commonwealth v. Hunt o National Trades’ Union of 1834 o How did economic policies after the War of 1812 reflect the nationalism of the period? o The Second Bank of the United States o John C. Calhoun o Henry Clay o Daniel Webster o Tariff of 1816 o American System o What characterized the Era of Good Feelings? o American System o James Monroe o Florida

What were the various issues that promoted sectionalism? o Panic of 1819 o Missouri Compromise o How did the Supreme Court under John Marshall strengthen the federal government and the national economy? o Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee o Cohens v. Virginia o Dartmouth College v. Woodward o McCulloch v. Maryland . “necessary and proper” clause o Gibbons v. Ogden o What were the main diplomatic achievements of these years? o Adams-Onis Treaty o Transcontinental Treaty o Monroe Doctrine o How did the election of 1824 set the stage for the election of 1828? o Corrupt bargain o John Quincy Adams o To what extent did Andrew Jackson’s election initiate a new era in American politics? o Spoils system o Martin Van Buren o Peggy Eaton affair o What was Jackson’s attitude toward federal involvement in the economy? o Maysville Road bill o How did Jackson respond to the nullification controversy? o Tariff of 1828/Tariff of abominations o Webster/Hayne debate o Tariff of 1832 o Force bill o What happened to the Indians living east of the Mississippi River by 1840? o Osceola o Cherokee Nation v. Georgia o Worcester v. Georgia o The Trail of Tears o Why did a new party system of Democrats and Whigs emerge? o Nicholas Biddle o Whigs o Anti-Masonic party o Election of 1836/Martin Van Buren o Pet banks o Log Cabin and Hard Cider Campaign o Tariff of 1833

How diverse was the Old South’s economy, and what was its unifying feature? o Peculiar institution o Paternalism o Colonization o Upper South/Lower South

How did dependence on agriculture and slavery shape the distinctive culture of the Old South? Why did southern whites who did not hold slaves defend the “peculiar institution”? a. Planter b. Yeomen c. Poor Whites

How did enslaved people respond to their bondage during the antebellum period? How did free persons of color fit into southern society? a. Mulattoes b. Spirituals c. Slave revolts i. Nat Turner

How did expansion into the Southwest influence slavery and its defense? a. Reasons to migrate b. Treatment of slaves and women

What were the main changes in the practice of religion in America during the early nineteenth century? o Deism o AME Church o Unitarianism o Burned-over district o Universalism o Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day o Second Great Awakening Saints/Mormons o Presbyterians o Joseph Smith o Baptists o Brigham Young o Methodists What were the distinguishing characteristics of American literature during the antebellum period? o Transcendentalism o Emily Dickinson o Ralph Waldo Emerson o Edgar Allan Poe o Henry David Thoreau o Herman Melville o Nathaniel Hawthorne

What were the goals of the social-reform movement? o Horace Mann o Prisons and asylums o University of Virginia o Dorothea Lynde Dix o Temperance movement o Utopian communities

What was the status of women during this period? o A Treatise on Domestic Economy o Susan B. Anthony o Lucretia Mott o Seneca Falls Convention o Elizabeth Cady Stanton o “Declaration of Sentiments”

How and where did opposition to slavery emerge? o Abolition o Frederick Douglass o William Lloyd Garrison o Underground Railroad o The Liberator o Harriet Tubman o American Anti-Slavery Society o Sojourner Truth o David Walker o Elijah Lovejoy o Sarah and Angelina Grimke

Period 5: 1844 – 1877: Reconstruction: North and South

• What were the different approaches to the Reconstruction of the Confederate states? o Lincoln’s 10% plan o Andrew Johnson’s Plan o Wade-Davis Bill o Presidential Reconstruction o Congressional/Military/Radical reconstruction

• How did white southerners respond to the end of the old order in the South? o Force Acts o Nathan B. Forrest/KKK o Scalawags/carpet baggers o Redeemers o Black Codes

• To what extent did blacks function as citizens in the reconstructed South? th o 13,14,15 Amendments o Share Cropping o Freedman’s Bureau o Civil rights act of 1866/Civil rights act of 1875 o Tenant Farming

• What were the main issues in national politics in the 1870’s? o Johnson’s Impeachment/Tenure of office act o US v. Reese o US v Cruikshank o The Slaughterhouse Cases o First and Second Reconstruction Acts

• Why did Reconstruction end in 1877? o Compromise of 1877 o Rutherford B. Hayes o Samuel Tilden

Period 6: 1865-1898: Big Business and Organized Labor • How did the Second Industrial Revolution completely change everything in America? o Railroads o Transcontinental Railroad o Jay Gould o Cornelius Vanderbilt

• What new inventions spring up at this time in American history and how do they impact Americans over the next few decades? o Alexander Graham Bell o Thomas Alva Edison o George Westinghouse o Nikola Tesla

• Who were the new Captains of Industry and how would they make their fortunes? o John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil Company of Ohio o Andrew Carnegie and the Steel Industry o J. Pierpont Morgan o Sears and Roebuck

• While some became insanely wealthy, most were simply the working class. Who is the new working class and what was their role in this industrial America? o Child Labor o The Molly Maguires

• What leads to the rise of protests and the creation of Unions? Was it justified? o Great Railroad Strike of 1877 o Anti-Chinese Agitation o The Knights of Labor o Samuel Gompers o American Federal of Labor (AFL) o The Homestead Steel Strike o The Pullman Strike o Eugene V. Debs o Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

Period 6: 1865-1898: The South and the West Transformed

• How did life in the South change politically, economically, and socially after the Civil War? o New South o Tobacco/Cotton industries o Crop-lien system o Redeemers/Bourbons o Grant Administration o Hayes Administration

• What happened to Native Americans as whites settled the West? o Great Sioux War o Ghost Dance Movement o George A. Custer and The Battle of Little Bighorn o Dawes Severalty Act o Geronimo o Demise of the Buffalo

• What were the experiences of farmers, cowboys, and miners in the West? o Cowtowns o New Technologies o Mechanical refrigeration/plow/reaper o Open range vs. Barbed wire o Range Wars o Homestead Act of 1862 o Impact of the railroads o Changing role for women in the West

• How did mining affect the development of the West? o Forty-Niners o Comstock Lode o Woodruff v. North Bloomfield Gravel o Mining Company

• How important was the concept of the frontier to America’s political and diplomatic development? o Fredrick Jackson Turner/Frontier thesis

Period 6: 1865-1898: The Emergence of Urban America • What many factors lead to the explosive urban growth after the Civil War? o Otis Elevator Company and new urban technology o Problems in the big cities

• What led to the influx of new immigrants to America? Who were they, where were they coming from, and where were they going? o Ellis Island o padrones o nativists o Chinese Exclusion Act

• Big cities mean big entertainment. What was popular at the end of the 19th century and why do you feel it was popular? o Vaudeville o Saloons o Frederick Law Olmsted o The role of women o Baseball

• What leads to the growth and desire for an educated public? o Vocational Training o Higher Education o Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species o Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism o William James and pragmatism o Lester Frank Ward and reform Darwinism The Gilded Age Period 6 – 1865 – 1898 o What fueled the growth of the post-Civil War economy? o Second Industrial Revolution – 3 catalysts o Transcontinental Railroad . Robber Barons – Jay Gould, Cornelius Vanderbilt o Protective Tariffs

o What roles were played by leading entrepreneurs like John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and J. Pierpont Morgan? o Standard Oil Company o Trusts/monopolies o Carnegie Steel o Holding Companies o Who composed the labor force of the period, and what were labor’s main grievances? o Working conditions o Child labor o What led to the rise of labor unions? o Molly Maguires o AFL o Great Railroad Strike of 1877 o Homestead Steel strike o Knights of Labor o Pullman Strike o Anarchism o Eugene V. Debs o Haymarket o IWW o Samuel Gompers o How did life in the South change politically, economically, and socially after the Civil War? o New South o Redeemers/Bourbons o Tobacco/Cotton industries o African American Migration Patterns o Sharecropping/Crop-lien system o How did mining affect the development of the West? o Forty Niners o Woodruff v. North Bloomfield Gravel o Comstock Lode Mining Company o “Panning” o What happened to Native Americans as whites settled the West? o George A. Custer o Demise of the Buffalo o Great Sioux War o Dawes Severalty Act o Ghost Dance Movement o Geronimo o Battle of Little Bighorn

o What were the experiences of farmers, cowboys, and miners in the West? o Cowtowns o Range Wars o New Technologies o Homestead Act of 1862 o Mechanical refrigeration/plow/reaper o Impact of the railroads o Open range o Changing role for women in the West o Barbed wire

o How important was the concept of the frontier to America’s political and diplomatic development? o Fredrick Jackson Turner/Frontier thesis o What accounted for the rise of cities in America? o Factors accounting for growth of cities . New technology . Mass transit o American Pull Factors o Ellis Island

o How did the “new immigration” change America at the end of the nineteenth century? o Nativism o Chinese Exclusion Act o Origin of new immigrants? o What new forms of mass entertainment had emerged by 1900? o Vaudeville o Saloon life o Frederick Law Olmsted o Spectator Sports o What was the impact of Darwinian thought on social sciences? o Social Darwinism o John Dewey o William James o Reform Darwinism o Pragmatism o What were the major features of American politics during the Gilded Age? o Political Machines/Tammany Hall o Pendleton Civil Service Act o Political Pattern of Gilded Age o Grover Cleveland Presidents o Billion Dollar Congress o Rutherford B Hayes o McKinley Tariff of 1890 o James A Garfield o Sherman Silver Purchase Act o Chester Arthur o Sherman Anti-Trust Act o What were the main problems facing farmers in the South and the Midwest after the Civil War? o Impact of the railroads o Impact of the protective tariff o How and why did farmers become politicized? o Granger movement o Colored Farmer’s Alliance o Farmers Alliance o Las Gorras Blancas o Populism/Populist Party o Omaha Platform o What was significant about the election of 1896? o Panic of 1893 o Currency Debate o Mary Elizabeth Lease o William McKinley o James Gillepsie Blaine o William Jennings Bryan o What were the major issues in politics during this period? o Jim Crow Laws o Mississippi Plan o Plessy v. Ferguson o How did African American leaders respond to the spread of segregation in the South? o Ida B Wells o Atlanta Compromise o NAACP o W.E.B. DuBois o Booker T Washington

Period 7 Reading Guide 1890-1945

1. Explain the motives for American Expansion (imperialism) during the latter part of the 19th Century. • Alfred Thayer Mahan-The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783 • Theodore Roosevelt • Social Darwinism • John Fiske-American Political Ideas Viewed from the Standpoint of Universal History (1885) • Josiah Strong-Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis (1885)

2. What territory did the U.S. gain during expansion, what is the significance of each territory and how did it gain each territory? • Alaska-William H. Seward • USS Maine incident • Samoa • Teller Amendment • Hawaii • Manila-George Dewey • War of 1898-Spanish-American War • Emilio Aguinaldo • Cuba • Rough Riders • William Randolph Hearst • Treaty of Paris 1898 • Joseph Pulitzer • Philippine-American War • yellow journalism • Role of Religion and Empire • Platt Amendment

3. What was the role of the United States in East Asia during the imperialism time period? • Open Door policy • Boxer Rebellion

4. Explain Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy-include the success and failures. • Big-Stick Diplomacy • Mark Hanna • Theodore Roosevelt • Panama Canal • Roosevelt Corollary • Russo-Japanese War • Relations with Japan

1. Where does the Progressive Era begin and what are the influences of the movement? • Populist platform-Election of 1892 • Mugwumps • Socialist Party • Christian Crusaders • Social Gospel

2. Explain the roles of each Reform movement and the impact on U.S. History. • Settlement houses • Women’s Christian Temperance Union • Jane Addams-Hull-House • National Woman Suffrage Association • Women’s Suffrage • National American Woman Suffrage Association • Susan B. Anthony • Carrie Chapman Catt • Elizabeth Cady Stanton

3. How does the media of the time affect the Reform movements? • Muckrakers • Sam McClure-McClure’s Magazine • Ida Tarbell-History of the Standard Oil Company

4. What were the features of Progressivism? • Democracy • Social Justice • Lochner v. New York • Frederick W. Taylor-The • Women’s Christian (1905) Principles of Scientific Temperance Union • Muller v. Oregon Management (WCTU) (1908) • Taylorism • Frances Willard • Bunting v. Oregon • Robert M. La Follette of • Florence Kelley (1917) Wisconsin • National Consumers’ • Triangle Shirtwaist • Interstate Commerce League Factory/Fire Commission (ICC) • Role of Religion • Prohibition

5. How did Theodore Roosevelt handle Progressivism? What were his policies? • “Square Deal” • Meat Inspection Act 1906 • 1902 Coal Strike • Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) • United Mine Workers (UMW) • Environmental Conservation • Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)-Elkins Act (1903) • Gifford Pinchot • Hepburn Act 1906 • Reclamation Act 1902-Newlands Act • Upton Sinclair-The Jungle (1906)

6. How did William Howard Taft handle Progressivism? What were his policies? • William Howard Taft • Richard Ballinger • Ballinger-Pinchot controversy • New Nationalism • 16th Amendment • Mann-Elkins Act

7. Explain the Election of 1912. Who were the major players and why is this Election important to U.S. History. • “Bull Moose” Party (progressive) • Herbert Croly-The Promise of American Life (1909) • Woodrow Wilson • Eugene V. Debs-Socialist Party • New Freedom

8. How did Woodrow Wilson handle Progressivism? What were his policies? • Underwood-Simmons Tariff • The Federal Farm Loan Act • Federal Reserve Act of 1913 • Smith-Hughes Act of 1917 • Federal Trade Commission (FTC) • Keating-Owen Act • Clayton Anti-Trust Act

9. What were the social problems during the time period for minorities and how were they addressed by the U.S. government? • Social justice • National Woman’s Party • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People • Carrie Chapman Catt (NAACP) • 19th Amendment • Women’s Sufferage 1910’s • Margaret Sanger-Woman • Alice Paul Rebel • National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

1.What were the foreign policies of President Wilson and Taft? What problems occurred from a change in policy between Taft and Wilson? ● Idealistic Diplomacy ● Francisco Pancho Villa ● Intervention in Mexico ● John J. Pershing ● Francisco Madero ● “Dollar Diplomacy” ● Victoriano Huerta

2. Explain the unrest in Europe during the 1910’s. How is World War I a change to modern warfare? What was President Wilson’s stance on American intervention? ● Austro-Hungarian Empire ● Triple Entente (Allied Powers) ● Archduke Franz Ferdinand ● Trench Warfare ● Serbia ● Industrial war-explain new technologies ● Triple Alliance (Central Powers) ● Neutrality

3. What causes the United States to join World War I? How did the United States prepare for the war? ● U-Boats ● Arthur Zimmermann -Zimmermann telegram ● Lusitania ● Election of 1916 ● Arabic Pledge ● American Expedition Force ● Sussex Pledge ● John J. Pershing ● National Security League ● Food Administration ● National Defense Act of 1916 ● War Industries Board (WIB)

4. How did the United States expand and control efforts on the home front during World War I? ● Role of Women and African Americans ● George Creel ● The Great Migration ● The Espionage Act of 1917 ● Red Cross ● The Sedition Act of 1918 ● Women’s Trade Union League ● Eugene V. Debs-Socialist Party ● Central Federated Union of New York ● Schenck v. United States (1919) ● Committee on Public Information ● Abrams v. United States (1919)

5. What was the role of the United States during World War I? How does the United States plan to create peace and protect their interest post World War I? ● The Western Front ● Paris Peace Conference ● Second Battle of the Marne ● League of Nations ● Meuse-Argonne offensive ● Henry Cabot Lodge-Republican Backlash ● The Bolsheviks ● Reparations ● Karl Marx ● Treaty of Versailles ● Wilson’s Fourteen Points

6. What changes occurred in post-WWI America? How do these change create an isolationism in America? ● Spanish Flu ● The Red Scare ● American Federation of Labor ● Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer ● Red Summer-James Weldon Johnson ● First Red Scare

1.What ethnic tensions and cultural conflicts exist after WWI in the U.S? ● Nativism ● American Civil Liberties Union ● Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti ● Charles Darrow ● Immigration Act of 1921 ● William Jennings Bryan ● Immigration Act of 1924 ● Prohibition ● Ku Klux Klan ● Women’s Christian Temperance Union ● Fundamentalism ● Anti-Saloon League ● John T. Scopes ● Volstead Act ● Al Capone

2. How does the role of women change during the 1920’s? How does migration change the United States during the “Roaring Twenties”? ● Roaring Twenties ● Louis Armstrong ● Sigmund Freud ● Marcus Garvey ● Flapper ● Universal Negro Improvement Association ● The New Women (UNIA) ● Great Migration ● National Association for the Advancement of ● Harlem Renaissance Colored People ● New Negro ● W.E.B. Du Bois ● Jazz Age ● Niagara Movement ● Guinn v. United States 1915 ● Buchanan v. Worley 1917

3. How does the new technologies improve the quality of life in the U.S. during the 1920’s? ● Consumer Culture ● Air Commerce Act of 1926 ● Moving-picture industry ● Charles A. Lindbergh ● Hollywood, California ● Amelia Earhart ● Charlie Chaplin ● Henry Ford ● National Broadcasting Company ● Model T ● Radio Corporation of America ● George Herman “Babe” Ruth Jr. ● Columbia Broadcasting System ● Lou Gehrig ● Federal Radio Commission ● Red Grange ● Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ● Jack Dempsey ● Kelly Act of 1925

4. How does the modernist revolt change the United States? ● Albert Einstein ● Armory Show ● Modernism ● T.S. Eliot ● Georgia O’Keeffe ● Ezra Pound ● Gertrude Stein ● Ernest Hemingway ● F. Scott Fitzgerald ● A Farewell to Arms ● The Great Gatsby ● Zane Grey ● This Side of Paradise

Period 7: 1890 – 1945: Return to “Normalcy” • How does the United States return to “Normalcy” following WWI? o Election of 1920 o Andrew W. Mellon o Warren G. Harding o Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 o “return to normalcy” o The Revenue Act of 1926

• What steps does the United States take post WWI to create national security? o Isolationism o Kellog-Braind Pact – Pact of Paris o World War I Debt o World Court o Disarmament – Five Power Treaty

• How does politics change in the United States post WWI and how does isolationism affect the United States? o Harding’s Scandals – Ohio Gang o McNary-Haugen Bill o Teapot Dome Scandal o Union Setbacks o Silent Cal o Yellow-dog contracts o Election of 1924 o Blacklists o Herbert Hoover – American o American Federation of Labor Individualism o United Mine Workers o Bureau of Aviation o Railway Labor Act o Federal Radio Commission o Railway Labor Board

• How does the election of 1828 and the Roaring 20’s set the stage for the Great Depression? How does the rest of the world change during the early part of the 1930’s? o Alfred E. Smith o Hoover’s Recovery plans o Volstead Act o Japan invades Manchuria o Agricultural Marketing Act o Japan invades China o Federal Farm Board o Hoovervilles – Hoover Flag o The Tariff of 1930 o Hoover’s 1 Year moratorium o Reasons for the Great Depression: o Johnson Debt Default Act of 1934 . “buy stock on margin” o Reconstruction Finance Corporation . Stocker Market Crash o Glass-Steagall Act 1932 . Purchasing Power o Federal Home Loan Bank Act of 1932 . Government policies o Emergency Relief Act 1932 . Gold Standard o Farmers’ Holiday Association o Human toil of the Depression o Bonus Expeditionary Force – Bonus Army

• How does the Election of 1932 change the United States in its battle against the Great Depression? o Election of 1932 o Republican Platform o Franklin D. Roosevelt o Roosevelt’s Inauguration o Democrat Platform

Period 7: 1890 – 1945: New Deal America • How does President Roosevelt transform the United States into a limited welfare state with the policies of the 1st New Deal in response to the economic upheavals, laissez-faire capitalism, and the Great Depression? o President Roosevelt o Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) o New Deal o Federal Emergency Relief Administration Economy Act (FERA) o st o 21 Amendment o Civil Works Administration (CWA) o First New Deal o Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) o Farm Credit Administration o “Dust Bowl” o Emergency Farm Mortgage Act o John Steinbeck – The Grapes of Wrath o Farm Credit Act o United States v. Butler 1936 o Federal Housing Administration o National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) o Banking Act o Public Works Administration (PWA) o Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation o National Recovery Administration (NRA)- o Federal Securities Act Section 7a o Federal Trade Commission o Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) o Securities and Exchange Commission

• What impact does the Great Depression have on the social aspect of the United States? o Theft o Richard Wright – Native Son o Impact of the Dust Bowl – migration west o Radio Broadcast o Impact on African Americans, Mexican o “Talkies” – Movie Production Americans, and Native Americans o The Grapes of Wrath (1940) o Grovey v. Townsend (1935) o Dracula (1931) o Powell v. Alabama (1932) o The Mummy (1932) o Norris v. Alabama (1935) o King Kong (1933) o “Lost Generation” – writers, artists, and o Chico, Groucho, Harpo, and Zeppo Marx intellectuals

• st term in office and what is the backlash to his policies? How does the New Deal mature during Roosevelt’s 1 o Eleanor Roosevelt o Francis E. Townsend – Townsend Recovery Plan o American Liberty League o Charles E. Coughlin – National Union for Social o Huey P. Long Justice o Share-the-wealth o Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States

• How does the 2nd New Deal transform the United States into a limited welfare state?

nd o 2 New Deal o National Labor Relations Act – Wagner Act o Works Progress Administration (WPA) o Social Security Act o Federal Writers’ Project o Revenue Act of 1935

• How does Roosevelt’s second term in office affect the United States both economically and socially? o Election of 1936 o “sit-down” strikes o Court-Packing Plan o Wagner-Steagall National Housing Act o Wagner Act o Farm Security Administration o Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) o Congress of Industrial Organization

• How does the legacy of the New Deal make society and individuals more secure and foster a long-term political realignment in which many ethnic groups (African Americans) and working-class communities identified with the Democratic Party? o 1936 Democratic Party Convention o Roosevelt’s Progressive Government o Backlash from Republicans – Martin Dies o Legacy of the New Deal

Compare and Contrast Roosevelt’s Isolationism and Intervention. What changes in Europe bring the United States from Isolation to Intervention?

• “the policy of the good • Winston Churchill • Albert Einstein-Manhattan neighbor” • Gerald P. Nye-Nye Project • 7th Pan-American Committee • Luftwaffe Conference • Neutrality Act of 1935, • British Royal Air Force • Nicaragua and Haiti 1936 and 1937 • Royal Navy assistance from • Italy-Benito Mussolini • Louis Ludlow-Ludlow the US • Germany-Adolf Hitler Amendment • Committee to Defend • National Socialist German • Poland Conquest America by Aiding the Allies Workers’ (Nazi) party • Nazi-Soviet Non- • Election of 1940 • Japan-Renounced the Five- Aggression Pact • Arsenal of Democracy Power Treaty • Joseph Stalin • lend-lease bill • Spanish Civil War- • Gestapo • Battle of Moscow Francisco Franco • U.S. Neutrality change • Atlantic Charter • Imperial Japanese Army- • Blitzkrieg Rape of Nanjing • Munich Pact

What vaults the United into World War II, creates the Pacific Theater and how does this create a mass mobilization of American society to supply troops for the war effort and create a workforce on the home front that ends the Great Depression?

• Indochina control by Japan • Bataan Death March • Export Control Act • Hornet-Bombing Raids • Tripartite Pact • Battle of the Coral Sea • Prime Minister Konoe • Admiral Chester Nimitz • Hideki Tojo • Battle of Midway • Pearl Harbor • War Powers Act • Guam • War Production Board • Wake Islands • Revenue Act of 1942-Victory Tax • Gilbert Islands • Office of Price Administration • Hong Kong • 1942 Congressional elections • Philippines • Conservatism-WPA, NYA, CCC • Smith-Connally War Labor Disputes Act

How does the wartime experiences challenge civil liberties, debates over race and segregation and change the roles of women and minorities in the United States?

• Migration West-Creating the War machine at • Bracero Program-Mexican Work Force home during WWII • Women’s Army Corps (WAC) • Zoot-Suiters • Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency • Native Americans during WWII Service (WAVES) • Navajo “Code talkers” • African Americans in the 2nd World War • Japanese Americans during WWII-Nisei • A. Philip Randolph • “War relocation camps” • Tuskegee Airmen • Double V Campaign-Victory at Home, Victory Abroad

What happens during World War II and how does the United States help in the Eastern Theater? • North Africa Campaign • Sicily and Italy • Dwight D. Eisenhower • Tehran Meeting • Casablanca Conference • George S. Patton • Battle of the Atlantic • D-Day-Operation Overlord • U-Boats • Normandy

What happens during World War II and how does the United States fight in the Pacific Theater? • Douglas Macarthur • “Island hopping” • Tinian, Guam, and Saipan • Battle of Leyte Gulf-Philippines

Explain the end of the war and the peace efforts. How does the United States emerge from WWII as the most powerful nation on earth? • Election of 1944 • Holocaust • The Battle of the Bulge • “final solution” • Berlin • Concentration Camps • Yalta Conference • Iwo Jima • Yalta Declaration of Liberated Europe • Okinawa • Roosevelt & Stalin plan for War on Japan • J. Robert Oppenheimer • V-E day • Enola Gay-Little Boy-Hiroshima • Fat Man-Nagasaki

Period 8: 1945-1980 1. How does the United States change economic, political and socially following WWII? How does President Truman handle these issues? • “Baby Boom Generation” • Readjustment Act of 1944 • Taft-Hartley Labor Act of 1947 • National Security Act • Central Intelligence Agency

2. How does the United States stem the growth of Communist military power and ideologies throughout the world?

• United Nations • George C. Marshall • Security Council • Marshall Plan • Iron Curtain • Berlin Airlift • George F. Kennan-”Containment” • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) • Truman Doctrine

3. What social changes occur following World War II? How does President Truman handle the 1940’s Civil Rights? • Georgia Veterans League • Truman’s Executive Order-Desegregation of the military • Jackie Robinson • Fair Deal • Election of 1948 • Thomas Dewey • Dixiecrats

4. How does the Cold War heat up during the 1950’s both domestic and foreign?

• Chiang Kai-shek • House Committee on Un-American Activities • Chinese Nationalists • Alger Hiss • Korean War • Joseph R. McCarthy • 38th Parallel • Internal Security Act • General Douglas MacArthur • National Security Council • 2nd Red Scare • National Security Agency

1. Explain how federal spending, the baby boom, and technological developments helped spur economic growth, create suburbanization, minority migration, a conformist culture and the rise of the “Sun Belt”.

• New Technologies • Levittown • Consumer Culture • Shelley v. Kraemer (1948) • Television • Migration-African Americans, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans • GI Bill of Rights • Chicago Race Riots • Veterans administration • Emergence of Service industry • Baby Boom • Women’s “Place” • Suburbs “Suburbia” • “In God We Trust”-Religious Nation • Sunbelt States-”Sun Belt” 2. How does the economic and social changes led to challenges to conformity by artists, intellectuals, and rebellious youth?

• The Affluent Society-Norman Mailer • Rock and Roll • The Crack in the Picture Window-John Keats • Chuck Berry • Invisible Man-Ralph Ellison • Ray Charles • Abstract Expressionism-Jackson Pollock • Ritchie Valens • The Beat movement • Elvis Presley

3. What does Eisenhower do as president to illustrate the move to Moderate Republicanism? How does he manage the “middle way” as presidents? • Election of 1952 • Federal-Aid Highway Act • End of the McCarthy • Communist Control Act

4. Explain the early years of the Civil Rights movement. How does the United States use legal challenges, direct action and nonviolent protest tactics to combat racial discrimination?

• Earl Warren-The Warren Court • Rosa Parks • NAACP • Martin Luther King Jr. • Thurgood Marshall • Southern Christian Leadership Conference • Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, (SCLC) Kansas • Montgomery Bus Boycott • Massive Resistance • Civil Rights Act of 1957 • Little Rock 9 • Orval Faubus

5. Explain the United States foreign policy during the 1950s. What is the change in American Policy, and how is the new policy used throughout the world? • John Foster Dulles • Domino Theory • Massive Retaliation • Hungarian Uprising • Brinksmanship • Nikita Khrushechev • Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) • Suez War • Operation Ajax-Iran • Sputnik 1 • Guatemala • National Aeronautics and space Administration (NASA) • Viet Minh • National Defense Education act (NDEA) • Ho Chi Minh • Eisenhower Doctrine • Dien Bien Phu • U-2 Summit • 17th Parallel • Fidel Castro-Cuba • Ngo Dinh Diem • Viet Cong 1. How does John F. Kennedy’s New Frontier change America? John F. Kennedy New Frontier Lyndon B. Johnson Richard Nixon Election of 1960 Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) Miranda v. Arizona (1965) 2. How does the Civil Rights movement change during the Kennedy administration? Robert Kennedy James Meredith Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) George Wallace “sit-ins” Eugene “Bull” Connor Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) “Letter from Birmingham city Jail” Freedom Riders March on Washington Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) “I Have a Dream” John L. Lewis

3. What was Kennedy’s foreign policy? How does he handle Communism?

Operation Trinidad Arms Race Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis JFK vs. Khrushchev Ngo Dinh Diem Berlin Wall Kennedy’s Assassination-Lee Harvey Oswald

4. Explain Johnson’s Great Society. How does the Civil Rights movement change during Johnson’s administration?

Election of 1964 Freedom Summer Barry Goldwater Race Riots-Watts, Chicago, Cleveland Great Society Stokely Carmichael-”Black Power” Civil Rights Act of 1964 Black Panther party-Huey P. Newton, Bobby Appalachian Regional Development Act Seale, Eldridge Cleaver Appalachian Regional Development Act Malcolm X Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965 Nation of Islam (NOI)-Black Muslims Medicare and Medicaid Elijah Muhammad Highway Safety Act National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act

5. How does Vietnam change during Johnson’s administration? Tonkin Gulf resolution Robert McNamara General William C. Westmoreland Tet offensive

6. How does the end of the 1960s change the United States and what is the outcome of the 1968 election? • James Earl Ray • Spiro Agnew • George Wallace • Election of 1968 • Richard Nixon

1. What created the social rebellion during the 1960s and 1970s and how did the rebellion impact the United States? • Youth Revolt • New Left • Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)-Tom Hayden & Al Haber • Port Huron Statement • Free-Speech Movement (FSM) • Columbia University • Democratic National Convention 1968 • Yippies • The Counterculture-Hippies • Woodstock 2. How does the African American civil rights movement spur on change for women and other minorities in the United States? How successful were these movements? • Feminism • Cesar Chavez • The Feminine Mystique-Betty Friedan • American Indian Movement (AIM) • National Organization for Women (NOW) • Alcatraz Occupation • Title IX • Gay Rights-Stonewall Inn • Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) • Gay Liberation Front • United Farm Workers (UFW)

3. What was Nixon’s relationship to Middle America? How does he appeal to the new “Sunbelt” and how does the United States change during his administration? • Henry Kissinger • Regents of the University of California v. • “Silent majority” Bakke (1978) • “Southern strategy” • Silent Spring-Rachel Carson • The Sunbelt • Stagflation • Christian conservatism • Oil crisis 1973 • Milliken v. Bradley (1974) • Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

4. What was Nixon’s foreign policy and how did address Vietnam and the Cold War? • All in the Family • Nixon’s Trip to China • Vietnamization • Detente • Cambodian escalation • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) • My Lai Massacre • Yom Kippur War • Kent State • Christmas Bombings • Pentagon Papers

5. How does the United States change during Nixon’s 2nd term? What impact does Watergate have on the United States? • Election of 1972 • Watergate • George McGovern • Committee to Re-Elect the President • New Majority (CREEP)

6. How does Gerald Ford handle the United States during his presidency? • Gerald Ford • War Powers Act • Stagflation • WIN-Whip inflation now • Fall of South Vietnam • Election of 1976

Period 9: 1980-Present 1. What were the success and failures of the Carter Administration? ● Jimmy Carter ● Stagflation-economics ● Panama Canal ● Strategic Arms Limitation Talks ● Camp David Accords ● Iran/Tehran

2. How and why does Ronald Reagan and the Republican conservative party rise to power in 1980? ● Election of 1980 ● Anti-Feminist Backlash-Phyllis Schlafly ● “New Right” ● Conservative Ideas-Anti-abortion ● Moral Majority

3. What were the major policies of Reagan’s 1st term? Was the administration successful, why or why not? ● Reaganomics ● Contras, Nicaragua ● Budget cuts ● Middle East ● Anti-Liberalism-PATCO strike ● Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) ● Strategic Defense Initiative-Cold War ● Grenada

4. What were the major policies of Reagan’s 2nd term? Was his administration successful, why or why not? ● Election of 1984 ● Debt and the stock market plunge ● Iran-Contra affair ● HIV/AIDS ● Computer revolution ● Mikhail Gorbachev and the Cold War

5. What was George H. W. Bush’s domestic and foreign and how successful was his administration? ● War on Drugs ● Saddam Hussein ● Perestroika and glasnost-fall of the Soviet Union-end ● Operation Desert Shield of the Cold War ● Operation Desert Storm ● The Gulf War-Kuwait ● The Religious Right

1. How does President Clinton lead the Democratic resurgence? What were the successes and failures of the Clinton administration? ● North American Free Trade Agreement ● Kenneth Starr (NAFTA) ● Monica Lewinsky ● Health-Care Reform-Hillarycare ● Palestinian Liberation Organization ● Newt Gingrich-Contract with America ● Yasir Arafat ● The Personal Responsibility and Work ● The Balkans Opportunity Act of 1996 ● “Ethnic cleansing”Kosovo ● Aid to Families with Dependent Children ● Christian Serbs ● “New Economy”-”dot-com” ● Kosovo Liberation Army

2. What were the successes and failures of the Bush administration? How does the Bush years change America? ● Election of 2000-George W. Bush-Albert Gore Jr. ● Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) ● Bush v. Gore ● Election of 2008 ● No Child Left Behind ● Hillary Rodham Clinton ● 9/11 ● Barack Obama ● Office of Homeland Security ● American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ● Transportation Security Administration ● Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) ● USA Patriot Act ● War in Afghanistan ● 2nd Gulf War-Operation Iraqi Freedom ● Al Qaeda ● Election of 2004 ● Tea Party ● Hurricane Katrina ● Occupy Wall Street ● Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) ● DREAM Act ● Economic Shock