DOCSLIB.ORG

Life and ^ Ork of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

A NATION’S HOMAGE LIFE AND ^ ORK OF SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL P. D. SAGGI, J'orctK'tinl : C. RAJAGOPALACHARI. OVERSEAS PUBLISHING HOUSE SOHRAB HOUSE, 235, Hornby Road, Fort, BOMBAY-1. " .....................]Voi'k is undoubtedlij worship but laughter is life. Anyone who takes life too seriously m us^ prepare himself for a miserable ex is te nee. An yo ne who gree is joys and sorro ws wi th equal facility can really get the best of life.” —Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. % JI pBlr4. TW lVp«t> rrW MinWtrr ol li NanUr ra*r| with lUMJi FOREWORD Vallabhbhai was to Gandhiji exactly what Lakshmana was to Shri Rama. There is nothing more to be said to those who worship Shri Ramckandy'a and Sita. Vallabhbhai was born not a day too soon for India. Rut, alas, he died too soon, hidia wishes he had not found his rest in the Tnother’s lap so hurriedly, when he was so much wanted for some time longer. —C. Ra jagopalachari. COMMWt M UTloy CaMMITTM: <-HAlRMAM 8hri & K. PfttU. M.P. p n asiD B H T Shri ChmuuiUi n Pmkh \irytjtm n Shit U. o \UvaUnkar Shri D. K. KunXe 8hn K uturbhai l.Albhat Shri a U Jalan Seth Nftvtnchandra MafatUl Shn NalhaUl D. Parikh Seth Amnt LaI HaiKoviiKUs Shn BhaiUlbhai Anand Dr K Mulabafcala OICentAl. MBCItRTARY ShM i' U. Saiq^i » « mma*. •* Tw %mrnm eMaaia rvM*- «4 kf ri>ai>i m !!■■■■”. CONTENTS Pago Recoliectiuns ■ i Portrait of a Patriot (Editorial) Ry P. D. Sagyi iv TKIBL'TES l—.H IMlOTO-CHkOMCEE 1—16 THOECIl'I'S About the Sardar 3 Anecdotes 7 Bardoli Satyagraha 10 Communal Affairs 13 Education 13 i'lxedoni Struggle 15 Wandliiji 18 Independence 19 Miscellaneous 21 Reminiscences 24 States 27 Swadeshi 29 Untoucliahility 31 War 32 SPEECHES Introductitm 3 R{jwlatt Bill 4 36th Congress Session, Alimcdabad 5 Bardoli Camijaign 7 Presidential Atklress 13 To Congress M. P. A.'s 22 Historic Struggle 24 Looking Back 30 Stales Prohlcin 32 On the Eve of Indc]>endence 36 No Retaliation 37 Sincere Snpjiort for Indonesia 40 Forget Vour MiUnal (Jnarreis 41 Integration and Democratizatiun 43 The Role of tlie Army 47 Good Out of E\ il 40 Prtnlnce and Histrihutc 16|nilal)ly 56 IGding Two Horses t/) Replv To a Civic Address 63 1-ahour at the Crossroads 69 CONTKNTS Page Need fur I^eaee i Awaken tlie Conscience An Unaslianied Imperialist The Future of the People- Problems of India Repuidic Da)’ ' BIOGRAPH ICAL SKFTCHES The Indomitable Sardar Ry K. M. Munshi ; 3 Sardar Vallal)hl)hai J. Ibitel li\ G. / WaThmhov b Neiiru and Patel ' /I’v Hr. Pallahlii SiUinniiuyyii PJ 'I'lie Leader of Men By R. R. Dheiikar 22 The Admirable Man By C. S. Bajpai 24 The Sardar As I Knew Him By V. P. Menon 27 Sardar—The Man Who Led By S. K. Patil 33 A Civil Servant's Tribute By N. M. Bitch 39 Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel—A Critical Analysis By D. B. Dhdiiapitla 42 The Gentle Hindu By Alan CatnphcU-Johnson 47 The Apostle of Reality By Pranlal Dcvkaran iVaiijec 49 The Realist By Shri Ainbalal Kihichand S3 The Swadeshi Movement By K. H. Kahbiir 55 Saurashtra's Claim By M. V. Kiipani 59 Reminiscences By Byratnjcc Cawasjce 61 History Repeats............... By Chapalakanfa Bhaffacharya M.A. LL.B. 64 Cbanakj'a of Today By Lath Sclhi 67 In Contrast with Nehni By Hartbhau Lpadhyaya 69 A Dynamic Force By Lalit Chandra Chafak - 71 The Versatile Genius By Vijaysinh Covindji 73 The Diplomat B\' /. H. Talvarhhan 75 CHRONOLOGICAL IS'iS 31st October, Sardar Patel was born at Karamsad, Nadiad Taluka. 1913 I3th February. Landed in Bombay, after brilliantly passing the Barrister’s Examination in London. 1916 First came in contact with Gandhiji. Attended Lucknow Congress as delegate on behalf of Gujerat Sabha. 1918 Took leading part in Kaira Satyagraha. Became more intimate with Gandhiji. 1921 First President of the Gujerat Provincial Congress Committee. Became Chairman of the Reception Committee of the Indian National Congress. 1922 Played a leading role in Borsad Satyagraha directed against Punitive Tax. 1923 In charge of Nagpur Flag Satyagraha from 10th July. 1924 Became President of the Ahmedabad Municipality. Remained President till 1928. 1927 Organized Gujerat Flood Relief Work. 1928 Led the Bardoli Movement with all its glorious results. 1930 Arrested for the first time on 8th March at Ras and sentenced to three months’ imprisonment. Later, was arrested thrice in eleven months. 1931 Became President of the Karachi Congress. 1932 Arrested again under Regulation Bill of 1818 along with Gandhiji. Released only in 1934. 1935 Became Chairman of the Parliamentary Sub-Committee. Remained Chairman till 1940. 1940 Arrested for individual civil disobedience movement in November. 1941 Released on medical grounds. 1942 Arrested on 9th August, taken to Ahmednagar Fort, 1945 Released on 15th June and attended the ill-fated Simla Conference. 1946 Became Minister of Statg for Home Affairs in the Interim Government at Delhi. 1947 Became Deputy Prime Minister of India in the first permanent Indian Cabinet. 1948 The climax of his performances—Integration of all the States into the Indian Union. 1949 November 25. Accession of Hyderabad to the Indian Union. 1930 April. Signing of the Indo-Pak Trade Agreement. 1939 September. Sardar Patel attended the Nasik Congress Se.ssion. Sardar Patel and his Crrandson Gautam. RECOLLECTIONS The Editor has assigned to me one of the most difficult jobs which 1 liave had to perform during a life of heavy responsibilities of various types in different positions. Sitting in this city of weird mixture of the old and the new, it is difficult to switch one’s mind back more than three scores of years and recall one’s life when one was a child. As a child it always pays to be either the eldest or the youngest. As the eldest, a cliild is the centre of (laternal hopes; as the youngest, he is the object of paternal affection. 11 is the privilege of the eldest to order about ai! his younger brothers and sisters. As the youngest one has to w'ear the brunt of accumulated orders; but at the same time, unless one is particularly unfortunate, one gets accumulated blessings as well as showers of affection. Having been bom between these two extremes, I naturally had the usual independence, initiative and resources of a middling, When the lime came, I could exercise a will of my own. It was seldom, that I had to take into account the res))onsibilities which devolve upon the eldest child or the debt of affection which bends the back of the youngest. TOWiN LIFE RETARDS FREE EiROWTH My ov.’ii view is that town life gives little scope for the display of all that is best in a child. It places restrictions and limitations which retard his free growth, cramp his style and make his mind revolve in a narrow groove; on the other hand, in the open space of a village, one can see infinity. The growth of a child is on terms of complete equality with his fellow-children. He has his share of the ‘black eye’ like any others. He rolls on dusty streets after a gentle severe push as well or as badly as any of his equals or seniors or juniors in age. He is pushed in the village pond with the same vigorous and unexpected wrap on the knuckles as any other child. It was in this atmosphere of equal ‘ give-and-take’ that I grew up with all that sturdiness and determination which grow out of a healthy atmosphere of dare-devilry and juvenile buoyancy and of impish pranks, mirth and laughter. THE CAPTAINCY OF MISCHIEF As far as I can remember, I yielded to none in the captaincy of mischief or of sly attempts to hood-wink one’s elders. I can LIFE & WORK OF SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL recall however it was almost always in a good cause—of course, a good cause from my own point of view. I took to studies as seriously as I took to play cheerfully. I had no patience with an indifferent teacher and never spared a lazy one-. As children we had our own methods of correcting our teachers and we fully exploited all the subtleties of manoeuvres which only children can. I can vividly recall one particular incident. My teacher at school got annoyed because I persuaded the class to make fun of him for being late. He prescribed a task for me as punishment, I came to school the next day without my task being done, and the punishment increased doublefold for each day that went by until it was my task to write out the sums two hundred times. I wrote on the slate just the figure 200 and took it to my teacher with an innocent air. The teacher asked me where the f-.uins (in Gujarati that means both sums and buffaloes) were. I told him I could write write only 200 when the f'mias (buffaloes) ran away. The teacher was all sound and fury. I was presented before the Headmaster, who, instead of punishing me, took the teacher to task for not knowing the cori'ect method of prescribing tasks. THOSE BLISSFUL DAYS They say, “Child is Father of the Man”. I do not know how much of w hat I am I owe to those blissful days. I knov/ this much, however, my constitution today is what I built up as a child and the many qualities or defects of character which I might exhibit today can probably be traced to the characteristics which I displayed when I was a child.
Recommended publications
  • 1. Identify the Image of Mr. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

    1. Identify the Image of Mr. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

    1. Identify the image of Mr. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel A. B. C. D. 2. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was which of the following A. First Law Minister and Prime Minister B. First Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister C. First Education Minister and Home Minister D. First Foreign Minister and Deputy Prime Minister 3. On which date was Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel born ? A. 31 October 1876 B. 31 October 1875 C. 30 October 1875 D. 13 October 1876 4. Which Place in India was Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel born? A. Porbandar, Gujarat, India B. Delhi, Ind ia C. Nadiad, Gujarat, Ind ia D. Mumbai, Maharashtra, India 5. What was Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel’s profession ? A. Businessman B. Farmer C. Teacher D. Lawyer 6. Sarda r Vallabhbhai Patel is also known as...... A. Iron Man of India and Bismarck of India B. Missile man of India C. Water Man of India D. Father of Nation of India 7. Sardar Vallabhbhai was given the title of ‘Sardar’ for leading a massive campaign urging the farmers not to pay taxes for their land to the British authorities. A. Kheda Satyagrah B. Bardoli Satyagrah C. Dandi March Movement D. Non Co-Operation movement 8. Which is the reason that Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is compared to Otto von Bismarck of Germany A. He was also an influential political figure as was Bismarck in Germany B. He was instrumental in uniting and integrating India as Bismarck did for Germany C. Both of them were first ‘Home Ministers’ of their respective countries D. Both of them were first ‘Deputy Prime-Ministers’ of their respective countries 9.
  • Chapter Preview

    Chapter Preview

    2 C. Rajagopalachari 1 An Illustrious Life Great statesman and thinker, Rajagopalachari was born in Thorapalli in the then Salem district and was educated in Central College, Bangalore and Presidency College, Madras. Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari (10 December 1878 - 25 December 1972), informally called Rajaji or C.R., was an eminent lawyer, independence activist, politician, writer, statesman and leader of the Indian National Congress who served as the last Governor General of India. He served as the Chief Minister or Premier of the Madras Presidency, Governor of West Bengal, Minister for Home Affairs of the Indian Union and Chief Minister of Madras state. He was the founder of the Swatantra Party and the first recipient of India’s highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna. Rajaji vehemently opposed the usage of nuclear weapons and was a proponent of world peace and disarmament. He was also nicknamed the Mango of Salem. In 1900 he started a prosperous legal practise. He entered politics and was a member and later President of Salem municipality. He joined the Indian National Congress and participated in the agitations against the Rowlatt Act, the Non-cooperation Movement, the Vaikom Satyagraha and the Civil Disobedience Movement. In 1930, he led the Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha in response to the Dandi March and courted imprisonment. In 1937, Rajaji was elected Chief Minister or Premier An Illustrious Life 3 of Madras Presidency and served till 1940, when he resigned due to Britain’s declaration of war against Germany. He advocated cooperation over Britain’s war effort and opposed the Quit India Movement. He favoured talks with Jinnah and the Muslim League and proposed what later came to be known as the “C.
  • The Social Life of Khadi: Gandhi's Experiments with the Indian

    The Social Life of Khadi: Gandhi's Experiments with the Indian

    The Social Life of Khadi: Gandhi’s Experiments with the Indian Economy, c. 1915-1965 by Leslie Hempson A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in the University of Michigan 2018 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Farina Mir, Co-Chair Professor Mrinalini Sinha, Co-Chair Associate Professor William Glover Associate Professor Matthew Hull Leslie Hempson [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5195-1605 © Leslie Hempson 2018 DEDICATION To my parents, whose love and support has accompanied me every step of the way ii TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ii LIST OF FIGURES iv LIST OF ACRONYMS v GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS vi ABSTRACT vii INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL DIVIDE 23 CHAPTER 2: ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS 53 CHAPTER 3: WRITING THE ECONOMY 89 CHAPTER 4: SPINNING EMPLOYMENT 130 CONCLUSION 179 APPENDIX: WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 183 BIBLIOGRAPHY 184 iii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 2.1 Advertisement for a list of businesses certified by AISA 59 3.1 A set of scales with coins used as weights 117 4.1 The ambar charkha in three-part form 146 4.2 Illustration from a KVIC album showing Mother India cradling the ambar 150 charkha 4.3 Illustration from a KVIC album showing giant hand cradling the ambar charkha 151 4.4 Illustration from a KVIC album showing the ambar charkha on a pedestal with 152 a modified version of the motto of the Indian republic on the front 4.5 Illustration from a KVIC album tracing the charkha to Mohenjo Daro 158 4.6 Illustration from a KVIC album tracing
  • Gandhi Writes About Henry David Thoreau Source 2

    Gandhi Writes About Henry David Thoreau Source 2

    Handout Source 1: Gandhi writes about Henry David Thoreau Many years ago, there lived in America a great man named Henry David Thoreau. His writings are read and pondered over by millions of people… Much importance is attached to his writings because Thoreau himself was a man who practised what he preached. Impelled by a sense of duty, he wrote much against his own country, America. He considered it a great sin that the Americans held many persons in the bond of slavery. He did not rest content with saying this, but took all other necessary steps to put a stop to this trade. One of the steps consisted in not paying any taxes to the State in which the slave trade was being carried on. He was imprisoned when he stopped paying the taxes due from him. The thoughts which occurred to him during his imprisonment were boldly original. [From Gandhi. Indian Opinion. Quoted in M.V. Kamath. The United States and India 1776-1976. Washington, D.C.: Embassy of India, 1976. 65.] Source 2: Gandhi’s Influence on Dr. Martin Luther King When King arrived one cold day in New Delhi, as a guest of the Government of India, his first words were a tribute to Gandhi. “To other countries,” King said, “I may go as a tourist, but to India I come as a pilgrim. This is because India means to me Mahatma Gandhi, a truly great man of the age.” King heard of Gandhi from Dr. Mordecai Johnson, President of Howard University, who had returned from a visit to India and was speaking at Philadelphia.
  • GUJARAT UNIVERSITY Hisotry M.A

    GUJARAT UNIVERSITY Hisotry M.A

    Publication Department, Guajrat University [1] GUJARAT UNIVERSITY Hisotry M.A. Part-I Group - 'A' In Force from June 2003, Compulsory Paper-I (Historiography, Concept, Methods and Tools) (100 Marks : 80 Lectures) Unit-1 : Meaning and Scope of Hisotry (a) Meaning of History and Importance of its study. (b) Nature and Scope of History (c) Collection and selection of sources (data); evidence and its transmission; causation; and 'Historicism' Unit-2 : History and allied Disciplines (a) Archaeology; Geography; Numasmatics; Economics; Political Science; Sociology and Literature. Unit-3 : Traditions of Historical Writing (a) Greco-Roman traditions (b) Ancient Indian tradition. (c) Medieval Historiography. (d) Oxford, Romantic and Prussion schools of Historiography Unit-4 : Major Theories of Hisotry (a) Cyclical, Theological, Imperalist, Nationalist, and Marxist Unit-5 : Approaches to Historiagraphy (a) Evaluation of the contribution to Historiography of Ranke and Toynbee. (b) Assessment of the contribution to Indian Historiography of Jadunath Sarkar, G.S. Sardesai and R.C. Majumdar, D.D. Kosambi. (c) Contribution to regional Historiography of Bhagvanlal Indraji and Shri Durga Shankar Shastri. Paper-I Historiography, Concept, Methods and Tools. Suggested Readings : 1. Ashley Montagu : Toynbee and History, 1956. 2. Barnes H.E. : History of Historical Writing, 1937, 1963 3. Burg J.B. : The Ancient Greek Historians, 1909. 4. Car E.H. : What is History, 1962. 5. Cohen : The meaning of Human History, 1947, 1961. 6. Collingwood R.G. : The Idea of History, 1946. 7. Donagan Alan and Donagan Barbara : Philosophy of History, 1965 8. Dray Will Iam H : Philosophy of History, 1964. 9. Finberg H.P.R. (Ed.) : Approaches to History, 1962.
  • The Life Ad Afterlife of the Mahatma

    The Life Ad Afterlife of the Mahatma

    Indi@logs Vol 1 2014, pp. 103-122, ISSN: 2339-8523 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ GADHI ISM VS . G ADHI GIRI : THE LIFE AD AFTERLIFE OF THE MAHATMA 1 MAKARAND R. P ARANJAPE Jawaharlal Nehru University [email protected] Received: 11-05-2013 Accepted: 01-10-2013 ABSTRACT This paper, which contrasts Rajkumar Hirani’s Lage Raho Munna Bhai (2006) with Richard Attenborough’s Gandhi (1982), is as much a celebration of Bollywood as of Gandhi. It is to the former that the credit for most effectively resurrecting the Mahatma should go, certainly much more so than to Gandhians or academics. For Bollywood literally revives the spirit of Gandhi by showing how irresistibly he continues to haunt India today. Not just in giving us Gandhigiri—a totally new way of doing Gandhi in the world—but in its perceptive representation of the threat that modernity poses to Gandhian thought is Lage Raho Munna Bhai remarkable. What is more, it also draws out the distinction between Gandhi as hallucination and the real afterlife of the Mahatma. The film’s enormous popularity at the box office—it grossed close to a billion rupees—is not just an index of its commercial success, but also proof of the responsive chord it struck in Indian audiences. But it is not just the genius and inventiveness of Bollywood cinema that is demonstrated in the film as much as the persistence and potency of Gandhi’s own ideas, which have the capacity to adapt themselves to unusual circumstances and times. Both Richard Attenborough’s Oscar-winning epic, and Rajkumar Hirani’s Lage Raho Munna Bhai show that Gandhi remains as media-savvy after his death as he was during his life.
  • Sardar Patel's Role in Nagpur Flag Satyagraha

    Sardar Patel's Role in Nagpur Flag Satyagraha

    Sardar Patel’s Role in Nagpur Flag Satyagraha Dr. Archana R. Bansod Assistant Professor & Director I/c (Centre for Studies & Research on Life & Works of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (CERLIP) Vallabh Vidya Nagar, Anand, Gujarat. Abstract. In March 1923, when the Congress Working Committee was to meet at Jabalpur, the Sardar Patel is one of the most foremost figures in the Municipality passed a resolution similar to the annals of the Indian national movement. Due to his earlier one-to hoist the national flag over the Town versatile personality he made many fold contribution to Hall. It was disallowed by the District Magistrate. the national causes during the struggle for freedom. The Not only did he prohibit the flying of the national great achievement of Vallabhbhai Patel is his successful flag, but also the holding of a public meeting in completion of various satyagraha movements, particularly the Satyagraha at Kheda which made him a front of the Town Hall. This provoked the th popular leader among the people and at Bardoli which launching of an agitation on March 18 . The earned him the coveted title of “Sardar” and him an idol National flag was hoisted by the Congress for subsequent movements and developments in the members of the Jabalpur Municipality. The District Indian National struggle. Magistrate ordered the flag to be pulled down. The police exhibited their overzealousness by trampling Flag Satyagraha was held at Nagput in 1923. It was the the national flag under their feet. The insult to the peaceful civil disobedience that focused on exercising the flag sparked off an agitation.
  • Modern History – 10 Years' Papers Analysis

    Modern History – 10 Years' Papers Analysis

    VISION IAS www.visionias.in MODERN HISTORY – 10 YEARS’ PAPERS ANALYSIS Topic No. of Questions Acts 10 Advent of Europeans 3 Congress Sessions/Presidents 5 Capitalist Movement 1 Communalism 1 Economic Critique of Colonialism 4 Gandhian Movements 15 Governor General 2 Land Tenure System during British Rule 5 Left Movement 1 Partition of Bengal & Swadeshi Movement 7 Pre-Congress Associations 2 Princely States 1 Personality Based 5 Socio-Religious Movement 4 Transfer of Power 6 Working Class Movement 3 Revolutionary Movements 1 Tribal Revolts, Civil Rebellions and Peasant Movement 2 Twenty-Eight Months of Congress Rule 2 Miscellaneous 9 Total 89 1 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS S. N. Year TOPIC SUB-TOPIC QUESTION ANSWER 1 2017 Acts GOI Act, 1919 In the context of Indian history, the principle of ‘Dyarchy (diarchy)’ refers to D (a) Division of the central legislature into two houses. (b) Introductions of double government i.e., Central and Statement governments. (c) Having two sets of rulers; one in London and another in Delhi. (d) Division of the subjects delegated to the provinces into two categories. 2 2017 Miscellaneous With reference to Indian freedom struggle, consider the following events: C 1. Mutiny in Royal Indian Navy 2. Quit Indian Movement launched 3. Second Round Table Conference What is the correct chronological sequence of the above events? (a) 1-2-3 (b) 2-1-3 (c) 3-2-1 (d) 3-1-2 3 2017 Princely States The object of the Butler Committee of 1927 was to D (a) Define the jurisdiction of the Central and Provincial Governments.
  • LOK SABRA DEBATES (English Version)

    LOK SABRA DEBATES (English Version)

    Mond.,. February 22, 1988 ~!I~b SIrles. Vol. XXXV. No,.1 PbalguDa 3, 1909 (Sab) LOK SABRA DEBATES (English Version) Tentb Session (Elghtb Lot Sabba) ( ~~ ~ PARLIAMENT L1Di~ARY ; N.. :e...... .10. ..' . ~ i\ .".., L)ato .........'3~.~8~~ 00.., ... ,..\\ ,. ~.,....... - ~ ..........,.,.,.,.'..,_. ",I (Vol XXXV contains Nos, J to 10) LOK SABRA SECllETAIlIAT NEW DELHI Price: RI. : 600 [ORJOINAL ENGUSH PROCEEDINGS INCLUDED IN ENOLISH VERSION AND ORIOINAL HINDI PROCEEDINQS INCLUDED IN HINDI VERSION WiLL BE DBA TBDAS AUTFfORITATlVS AND NOT THE TRANSLATION THERFOP.l CONTENTS (Eighth Series, Volume XXXv, Tenth Session, 1988/1909-10 (Saka)] No.1. Monday, February 22. 1988/Phalguna 3, 1909 (Saka) COLUMNS President's Address - Laid on the Table 1-20 Obituary References and Resolution on the 20-32 demise of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan ALPHABETICAL LIST OF MEMBERS EIGHTH LOK SABHA A Appalanarasimham, Shri P. (Anakapalfi) Shri (South Abbasi, Shri K.J. (Domariaganj) ArJun Singh, Defhi) Shri (Tenkasi) Abdul Ghafoor, Shri (Siwan) Arunachalam, M. Abdul Hamid, Shri (Dhubri) Ataur Rahman, Shri (8arpeta) Abdullah, Begum Akbar Jahan Athlthan, Shri R. Dhanuskodi (Tiruchen- (Anantnag) dur) Athwal, Shri Charanjit Singh (Ropar) Acharla, Shri Basudeb (8ankura) AdalkalaraJ, Shri L. (Tiruchirappalli) Awasthl, Shri Jagdish (Bilhaur) Agarwal, Shri Jai Prakash (Chandni Azad, Shri Bhagwat Jha (Bhagalpur) Chowk) Azad, Shri Ghulam Nabi (Washim) Ahmad, Shri Sarfaraz (Giridih) B Ahmed, Shrimati Abida (Bareilly) Baghel, Shri Pratapsinh (Ohar) Ahmed, Shri Saifuddin (Mangaldai) 8agun Sumbrul, Shri (Singhbhum) Akhtar Hasan. Shri (Kairana) 8alragl, Shri Balkavi (Mandsaur) Alkha Ram, Shri (Salumber) Bairwa, Shri Banwari Lal (Tonk) Anand Singh, Shri (Gonda) Baltha, Shri D.L. (Araria) AnJlah. Shrimatj Manemma (Secundera- bad) BaJpal, Dr.
  • Passage 1: Direction: Read the Following Passage and Answer The

    Passage 1: Direction: Read the Following Passage and Answer The

    Passage 1: Direction: Read the following Passage and answer the following questions: Gandhiji had to travel by train from Durban to Pretoria in connection with his job. Once while travelling by train, he was asked by the white passengers to leave the first class compartment and shift to the van compartment. He refused to do so. Thereafter he was pushed forcibly out of the compartment and his luggage was thrown on the platform. It was winter and he kept shivering all night. He did not go to the waiting room because the white men sleeping there might insult him further. This event was a turning point in the life of Gandhiji and he decided to stay back in South Africa and fight against this blatant injustice. 1. The white people asked Gandhiji to abandon the first class compartment because (a) they wanted to annoy him (b) They wanted to avenge themselves on Gandhi. (c) They treated Indians as inferior to them (d) they were looking for a chance to talk to him. 2. Why was he thrown out of the compartment? Because……. (a) he misbehaved with the whites (b) they wanted him to spend the night in the waiting room. (c) they wanted to insult him. (d)he refused to shift to the van compartment 3. Why did he not go to the waiting room to spend the night? (a)The room was unclean. (b)He wanted to sleep in the open. (c)He was badly hurt and so could not move to the room. (d)He feared that the White men there might insult him further.
  • Mahatma Gandhi and Non-Violence

    Mahatma Gandhi and Non-Violence

    Mahatma Gandhi and Non-Violence Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born in 1869 in India during the era of British colonial rule. This meant that India was governed by Britain and Indians had no choice in this matter. Gandhi campaigned throughout his life for India to gain independence as a country, which was finally realised in 1945. Gandhi had trained as a lawyer and it was not until he experienced racism in South Africa that he started his journey towards campaigning for equal rights and then Indian independence. He was knowledgeable about all religions. He was impressed by the Sermon on the Mount in the Bible and the idea of non- violence being a moral force, which was also the basic idea proposed by Leo Tolstoy (a Russian writer) with whom Gandhi corresponded. Tolstoy read widely on Christianity, Buddhism and Hinduism and made connections between them. He believed in ‘non-resistance to evil’ was necessary because violence was a wrong in itself. To act violently even when one is being treated unjustly only led to two wrongs being committed. Gandhi was a practising Hindu, this influenced his beliefs in two fundamental ways. 1. Satyagraha is the idea of discovering the truth (satya) and the need to live one’s life by doing the right thing. This is a moral force not the physical force of violence. Violence gets in the way of highlighting the truth of suffering and injustice by causing more suffering and injustice. 2. Ahimsa has a long history in Indian religious thought and was explored in the Hindu Vedas.
  • The Gandhi-Ambedkar Caste Debate: Is It Just Black and White Or Shades of Grey Are Possible? Or Was Gandhiji Apologetic of the Caste System?

    The Gandhi-Ambedkar Caste Debate: Is It Just Black and White Or Shades of Grey Are Possible? Or Was Gandhiji Apologetic of the Caste System?

    Divya Jha [Subject: Political Science] International Journal of Research Vol. 5, Issue: 7, July : 2017 in Humanities & Soc. Sciences [I.F. = 1.5] ISSN:(P) 2347-5404 ISSN:(O)2320 771X The Gandhi-Ambedkar Caste Debate: Is it Just Black and White or Shades of Grey are Possible? Or Was Gandhiji Apologetic of the Caste System? DIVYA JHA M.A., NET (Political Science) Delhi (India) Abstract: With the Gandhi- Ambedkar caste debate being a widely read and a thoroughly debated subject, there is supposed to be ‘nothing new’ to be discussed in the matter. However, on my reading into the subject I realised there is an unnecessary dichotomising between the views of Gandhiji and Ambedkar. On the contrary, both were social reformers fighting the evils the society was embedded in. Howsoever, an in-depth reading into this field of scholarship readily and quite often potrays Gandhiji as being apologetic of the caste system. My aim is to see for myself and ther by to bring to notice whether Gandhiji was really up to such an agenda i.e. of defending and justifying the caste system. For this the first and foremost aspect would be through what lens are we looking into the matter. In my view, reading Gandhiji from his very own standpoint, or what Quentin Skinner would call reading a theorist within his context. This resolves the whole problem of reading any ambiguity or contradictions which is claimed to be in Gandhi. Keywords: Ambedkar, Caste system, Gandhi 1. Introduction Caste is an important element of Indian socio-political discourse even today.