Biologia 65/1: 104—109, 2010 Section Zoology DOI: 10.2478/s11756-009-0220-6

AsynopsisofBracon species of with description of a new species (: : )

Ahmet Beyarslan, Ozlem¨ C¸ etin Erdogan˘ &MitatAydogdu˘

Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract: Our studies on F. fauna of Turkey started in 1979 and 107 species have been determined so far belonging to the subgenera Habrobracon Ashmead,AsiabraconTobias, Rostrobracon Tobias, Bracon Fahringer, Cyanopterobracon Tobias, Glabrobracon Fahringer and Lucobracon Fahringer. Thirteen new Bracon species were published from Turkey. With this present study Bracon (Lucobracon) achterbergi Beyarslan sp. n. is described and its diagnostic characters are illustrated. The distribution of Bracon species are discussed according to the Euxin, Subeuxin, Mediterranean, Xeroeuxin, Steppe, Anatolia Steppe, Central Anatolia Steppe and Mesopotamian Steppe phytogeographical . Key words: Bracon; Braconinae; Braconidae; new species; phytogeography; Turkey

Introduction teen subgenera, but only Bracon F., 1804,Asiabracon Tobias, 1957 Cyanopterobracon Tobias, 1957, Glabro- The Braconinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a large bracon Fahringer, 1927, Habrobracon Ashmead, 1895, subfamily of moderately small to large wasps with more Lucobracon Fahringer, 1927, Orthobracon Fahringer, than 2,900 described species worldwide. They are well 1927, Pigeria van Achterberg, 1985 and Rostrobracon distributed and highly diverse in almost all terrestrial Tobias, 1957 are represent in the Turkish fauna. Up to habitats, and play important role as the regulatory now, 13 new species have been published from Turkey agents for phytophagous population dynamics, (Beyarslan 1986a, b, 1987, 1988, 1996, 1999, 2002a, b; particularly the economically important pests. Beyarslan & Fischer 1990; Beyarslan et al. 2002a, b, The biology of many of the Palaearctic genera of Bra- 2005, 2006; Beyarslan & Tobias 2008; G¨uler & C¸agatay coninae is still unknown. Braconinae species are known 2001, 2007). The aim of this study is summarize records as solitary or gregarious idiobiont ectoparasitoids of of the Bracon spp. collected in Turkey and contribute concealed larvae of many harmful Coleoptera, Diptera, to the Turkish fauna with one new species. and Hymenoptera species (Shaw & Hud- dleston 1991; La Salle 1993; Yu et al. 2006). Geographically, Turkey forms a natural bridge be- Material and methods tween the old world continents of Asia, Africa and Eight different phytogeographic provinces of Turkey (Euxin, Europe. The Anatolian peninsula is the westernmost Subeuxin, Mediterranean, Xeroeuxin, Iran Steppe, Anato- point of Asia, divided from Europe by the Bosphorus lian Steppe, Central Anatolia Steppe, Mesopotamian Steppe and Dardanelles straits. Thrace is the western part of Provinces) (Beyarslan et al. 2008) were surveyed and Bracon Turkey on the European continent. Turkey is situated species belonging to 9 subgenera were captured in various in a geographical location where climatic conditions habitats between 1979 and 2007. The specimens of Bracon were identified by using the keys of Belokobylskij & Tobias are quite temperate, the diverse nature of the land- (2000), Tobias (1986), Telenga (1936) and Fahringer (1934). scape, and the existence in particular of the mountains Wing venation and morphological terminology are accord- that run parallel to the coasts, results in significant dif- ing to van Achterberg 1993. Specimens were preserved dry. ferences in climatic conditions from one region to the Figures of the new species were drawn and measurements other. Turkey has one peak of over 5,000 meters in alti- takenusingacameralucidaattachedtoastereomicroscope. tude, three over 4,000 meters and 129 peaks exceeding The material and type specimens of the new species are de- 3,000 meters. Such an irregular topographic structure posited in the Zoological Museum of Department of Biology, has created a wide diversity of ecological conditions and Trakya University (TUZM), Turkey TR-22. species (http://www.worldturkey.com). The Bracon F., 1804 is a cosmopolitan genus with Results and discussion well over 878 described species worldwide, and is mostly distributed in the Palaearctic region (Yu et al. 2006). It Twelve species of the genus Bracon (out of the total of is a moderately large genus and is divided into seven- 108 species collected during 1979–2007 from different

c 2009 Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences Bracon species of Turkey with description of a new species 105

Table 1. Bracon spp. of Turkey and their distribution (*) according to phytogeographical provinces. EU – Euxin; SE – Subeuxin; MD – Mediterranean; X – Xeroeuxin; IS – Iran Steppe; AS – Anatolian Steppe; CS – Central Anatolian Steppe; MP – Mesopotamian Steppe. ESEMXISASCASMS B. (Asiabracon) amaculatus Beyarslan, 1988 * B. (Bracon) chagrinicus Beyarslan, 2002 ***** * B. (B.) fulvipes Nees, 1834 ******** B. (B.) gusaricus Nees, 1834 ***** * B. (B.) intercessor Nees, 1834 ******** B. (B.) kozak Telenga, 1936 ** ** B. (B.) laetus (Wesmael, 1838) *** B. (B.) leptus Marshall, 1897 ***** * B. (B.) longicollis (Wesmael, 1838) ***** * B. (B.) luteator Spinola, 1808 ******** B. (B.) mariae Dalla Torre, 1898 *** B. (B.) minutator (F., 1798) ****** * B. (B.) nigratus (Wesmael, 1838) ** ** * B. (B.) pectoralis (Wesmael, 1838) ******* B. (B.) subglaber (Wesmael, 1838) ***** * B. (B.) trucidator Marshall, 1888 ******* B(B.)variegatorSpinola, 1808 ****** * B. (Cyanepterobracon) fallax Szépligeti, 1901 * * * * * * B. (C.) illyricus Marshall, 1888 ***** * B (C.) sabulosus Szépligeti, 1896 ***** ** B. (C.) spectabilis Telenga, 1936 **** B. (Glabrobracon) angustiventris Tobias, 1957 * * * * * B. (G.) atrator Nees, 1834 ***** * B. (G.) baseflavus Beyarslan, 2002 *** B. (G.) bilgini Beyarslan, 2002 ****** B. (G.) brevicalcaratus Tobias, 1957 ** * B. (G.) caudatus Ratzeburg, 1848 *** B. (G.) caudiger Nees, 1834 *** B. (G.) chrysostigma Greese, 1928 ***** * B. (G.) cingulator Szépligeti, 1901 ** ** B. (G.) ciscaucasicus Telenga, 1936 *** * B. (G.) delibator Haliday, 1833 ****** * B. (G.) delusorius Haliday, 1833 **** B. (G.) densipilosus Tobias, 1957 * B. (G.) dolichurus Marshall, 1897 ***** B. (G.) erzurumiensis Beyarslan, 2002 ****** B.(G.) fadiche Beyarslan, 1996 ***** B. (G.) flavipalpis Thomson, 1892 ** B. (G.) frater Tobias, 1957 ** ** * B. (G.) helleni Telenga, 1936 *** B. (G.) hemiflavus Szépligeti, 1901 **** B. (G.) immutator Nees, 1834 *** B. (G.) jaroslavensis Telenga, 1936 ** B. (G.) kirgisorum Telenga, 1936 * B. (G.) larvicida (Wesmael, 1838) **** B. (G.) lividus Telenga, 1936 ******* B. (G) longulus Thomson, 1892 * B. (G.) mongolicus Telenga, 1936 ** ** B. (G.) negativus Tobias, 1957 ** ** B. (G.) nigripilosus Tobias, 1957 * ** B. (G.) obscurator Nees, 1811 ***** * B. (G.) osculator Nees, 1811 ***** * B. (G.) otiosus Marshall, 1885 ***** B. (G.) parvicornis Thomson, 1892 ***** * B. (G.) parvulus (Wesmael, 1838) ***** B. (G.) pauris Beyarslan, 1996 ** ** B. (G.) pineti Thomson, 1892 ***** * B. (G.) planinotus Tobias, 1957 **** * B. (G.) popovi Telenga, 1936 ***** * B. (G.) praetermissus Marshall, 1885 ** ** B. (G.) tekkensis Telenga, 1936 ** ** * B. (G.) terebella (Wesmael, 1838) ***** * B. (G.) tschitscherini Kokujev, 1904 ***** * B. (G.) variator Nees, 1811 ******** B. (Habrobracon) didemie Beyarslan, 2002 ** * B. (H.) flavosignatus (Tobias,1957) ***** * B. (H.) hebetor Say, 1836 ******** B. (H.) kopetdagi (Tobias, 1957) ** B. (H.) nigricans (Szépligeti, 1901) ***** B. (H.) nygmiae (Telenga, 1936) * 106 A. Beyarslan et al.

Table 1. (continued)

ESEMXISASCASMS

B. (H.) ponticus Tobias, 1986 ** B. (H.) radialis (Telenga, 1936) ** B. (H.) simonovi (Kokujev, 1914) * * B. (H.) stabilis (Wesmael, 1838) * * * B. (H.) telengai (Mulyarskaya, 1955) * B. (H.) viktorovi (Tobias,1961) * B. (Lucobracon) achterbergi sp. n. * B. (L.) aestivalis Szépligeti, 1901 ** B. (L.) brevitemporis Tobias, 1959 ** ** B. (L.) erraticus (Wesmael, 1838) ******** B. (L.) femoralis (Brullé, 1832) * * B. (L.) filizae Beyarslan, 2002 * * B. (L.) fortipes (Wesmael, 1838) ** B. (L.) fumigidus Szépligeti, 1901 ** B. (L.) grandiceps Thomson, 1892 ** ** * B. (L.) humidus Tobias, 1976 ***** B (L.) hungaricus (Szépligeti,1896) ***** B. (L.) infernalis Telenga, 1936 ** ** * B. (L.) iskilipus Beyarslan et Tobias, 2008 * B. (L.) jakuticus Tobias, 1961 ** B. (L.) kaszabi Papp, 1967 ** B. (L.) meyeri Telenga, 1936 ** B. (L.) moczari Papp, 1969 ** B. (L.) nigriventris (Wesmael, 1838) ** ** B. (L.) punctithorax Tobias, 1959 * B. (L.) sphaerocephalus Szépligeti, 1901 *** B. (L.) suchorukovi Telenga, 1936 ** B. (L.) surucicus Beyarslan, 2002 * B. (L.) thuringiacus Schmiedeknecht, 1897 * B. (L.) triangularis Nees, 1834 ** ** B. (Orthobracon) discoideus (Wesmael, 1838) ** B. (O.) epitriptus Marshall, 1885 ***** * B. (O.) exhilarator Nees, 1834 ** ** ** B. (O.) roberti (Wesmael, 1838) ** B. (O.) shestakoviellus Tobias, 1957 ** ** B. (O.) tenuicornis (Wesmael, 1838) ** B. (Pigeria) piger (Wesmael, 1838) ***** ** B. (Rostrobracon) urinator (F., 1798) ***** **

parts of Turkey) are new to the fauna of Turkey: Bra- 1834, B. (B.) luteator Spinola, 1808 and B. (Glabro- con (Glabrobracon) caudatus Ratzeburg, 1848,B.(G.) bracon) variator Kokujev, 1904, are mainly widespread densipilosus Tobias, 1957, B. (G.) flavipalpis Thom- species and are not resticted to one of thechorotypes. son, 1892, B. (G.) jaroslevensis Telenga, 1936, B. (H.) Within Anatolia, its highest similarity is between kopetdagi (Tobias, 1957), B. (H.) ponticus Tobias, 1986, the Euxin and Subeuxin provinces. The similarity be- B. (H.) simonovi (Kokujev, 1914), B. (L.) femoralis tween the Euxin and Xeroeuxin provinces mainly due (Brullé, 1832),B.(L.) infernalis Telenga, 1936,B.(L.) to widespread species and also because of the distribu- kaszabi Papp, 1967,B.(L.) moczari Papp, 1969 and B. tion of some species belonging to Bracon, Cyanopter- (O.) tenuicornis (Wesmael, 1838). One species is new obracon, Glabrobracon, Habrobracon, Lucobracon and to science. B. (L.) achterbergi sp. n., which is described Rostrobracon. below and its diagnostic characters are illustrated. Euxin province covers the area along north Ana- The distribution of the Bracon species in Turkey tolia, south-eastern and eastern European Turkey. This is listed according to phytogeographical divisions (Ta- coastal region receives abundant rainfall during all year. ble 1) following the system developed by Walter (1956) Habitats include forests, grasses and meadows. The ma- and Zohary (1973). Eight large provinces of Turkey jority of the species of Bracon in Turkey are associ- have different faunal composition ofBracon.Thema- ated with Euxin province. There are 94 recorded species jority of the species of Bracon in Turkey are associated of Bracon in this province in Turkey.B.(L.) achter- with the Euxin, Subeuxin, Xeroeuxin, Mediterranean bergi sp. n. is described from this province. The dis- and Iran Steppe provinces, whereas Central Anatolia tribution of B. (L.) nigriventris (Wesmael, 1838),B. Steppe, Mesopotamian Steppe and Anatolian Steppe (L.) thuringiacus Schmiedeknecht, 1897 and B. (H.) Provinces are represented by less species (Table 1). viktorovi (Tobias, 1961) are restricted to the Euxin However, each of the chorotypes has its own specific province and the distribution of the last two species is features that need to be considered separately. Bracon represented by only a few Palaearctic countries outside (Bracon) fulvipes Nees, 1834, B. (B.) intercessor Nees, Anatolia. Bracon species of Turkey with description of a new species 107

Subeuxin province covers the Black Sea and geographical provinces. Nineteen species belonging to southern Marmara regions below the east and west the genus were recorded from the territory. B. (L.) su- Black Sea mountains. The second highest species num- rucicus is known only this province. ber is recorded in this territory. 92 species belonging to the genus were recorded from the area. The distri- Bracon (Lucobracon) achterbergi Beyarslan sp. bution of Bracon species of this province extends to n. (Figs 2–6) southern Georgia. The primary affinities of this region are firstly with the Euxin and secondly with the Xe- Description. Holotype (female). Length of body 3.6 roeuxin, mainly because the species in common have a mm, antenna 3.3 mm, fore wing 3.3 mm, hind wing 2.8 wide distributions (Table 1). mm, mesosoma 1.3 mm, metasoma 1.8 mm, ovipositor Mediterranean province includes the Mediter- sheath 1.8 mm. ranean Taurus, Antitaurus and Aegean Anatolia up to Head. Ratio of length : width : height of head = in the north of Turkey (C¸ıplak 2003). 33 : 50 : 50. Antenna with 26 segments, length of third This province has a Mediterranean climate in the lit- segment as long as fourth segment; all antennal seg- toral sides and inland parts has a continental climate. ments cubic, only two penultimate antennal segments The vegetation is consisted of pine trees and maquis. longer than its width; Apex of last antennal segment Inland parts and higher areas have forests covered with pointed (Fig. 1). Width of hypoclypeal depression 0.56 pine, oak, cedar and fir trees. Bracon is represented by times of longitudinal diameter of eye and 1.75 times 65 species in this province in Turkey and many of them of malar space; length of maxillary palp 0.55 times of are widespread. Subgenus Asiabracon Tobias, 1957 is height of head; width of face 1.6 times of its height, restricted to the Mediterranean province and is repre- face finely punctuated and with long setae laterally; ver- sented by only B. (A.) amaculatus Beyarslan, 1988, in tex, frons and temple smooth, glabrous; length of eye this area. Also, two species, B. (G.) longulus Thom- 1.75 times longer than length of temple in dorsal view; son, 1892 and B. (H.) telengai (Mulyarskaya, 1955) are stemmaticum forming an equilateral triangle. OOL : found in only this phytogeographical province. OD : POL = 11 : 5 : 5; clypeus and mandible micro- Xeroeuxin province is situated in the middle sculptured; temple smooth; length of malar space as part of Anatolia excluding the Iran Steppe province. long as basal width of mandible and 0.4 times of longi- It is surrounded by high mountains and has a continen- tudinal diameter of eye. tal climate. The vegetation is consisted of steppe. The Mesosoma (Fig. 2). Length of mesosoma 1.6 times mountainous area on the edges has oak forests. The longer than height, side of pronotum smooth, glabrous; Bracon fauna of this province is the third numerous propleuron micro-sculptured and glabrous; mesonotum one. 74 species are found in the western and southwest- and mesopleuron smooth, glabrous, notauli distinct and ern tip of Xeroeuxin province, displaying an obvious with long gray setae; scutellar sulcus weakly developed preference for open areas. B. (G.)densipilosus Tobias, and smooth; scutellum distinctly depressed, smooth 1957, a rare species, is found only in this province. and with sparse long setae; metapleuron smooth and Iran Steppe province also belongs to Irano- with some white setae, its flange comparatively large Turanian phyto-region and covers eastern Anatolia and distinctly protruding anteriorly, metanotum con- up to the and Southern Anatolia, vex laterally; surface of propodeum smooth, glabrous excluding Urfa and Mardin provinces. A principally medially, laterally with long, grey setae. mountainous eastern region of Turkey, with lower tem- Wings (Fig. 3). Fore wing – length of pterostigma 3 peratures and average rainfall. It is covered with sparse times as long as maximal width, r shorter than maximal forests of oak and pine, and prevalently steppe. This width of pterostigma (9 : 15), vein 1–SR+M curved, province includes 64 Bracon species. vein cu-a interstitial. r : 3–SR : SR1 = 4 : 12 : 25; Anatolian Steppe province belongs to the length of CUlb 0.3 times of 3–CU1; 2–SR : 3–SR : r-m Irano-Turanian phyto-region and includes the east of : 2–M = 19 : 24 : 9 : 40. Hind wing: lr-m : 2–SC+R eastern Anatolia. Investigations of Bracon are ex- : SC+R1 = 3 : 0 : 10, apex of vein C+SC+R of hind tremely limited in this province. In this first data, wing with long setae. 14 species recorded from this phytogeographic area. Legs (Fig. 4). Hind coxa smooth and with grey Species belonging to subgenera such as Asiabracon, setae, femur distinctly compressed; ratio of femur : tibia Orthobracon, Pigeria and Rostrobracon are not deter- : basitarsus : tarsus of hind leg = 21 : 30 : 11 : 30; length mined in this territory. of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 3.5, 7.5 and Central Anatolian Steppe province includes 4.4 times as long as their maximum width, respectively; Ankara and Konya provinces in the middle of Xe- length of hind tibial spurs 0.45 and 0.36 times of hind roeuxin province. There are 34 Bracon species recorded basitarsus, length of fore tibial spur 0.6 times of fore from the Turkish side of this province. basitarsus, tibia and tarsus densely setose. Mesopotamian Steppe province includes Meso- Metasoma (Fig. 5). Length of first tergite 1.1 times potamia below the southeastern Taurus. The Turkish of apical width; its median area smooth, laterally sculp- part of this province is the smallest phytogeographic tured; anterior median field of second metasomal ter- area in Anatolia. This area is quite poor in Bracon fau- gite delicately rugulosed, laterally smooth; other ter- nal composition when compared with the other phyto- gites smooth glabrous; median length of second tergite 108 A. Beyarslan et al.

Figs 1–5. Bracon (Lucobracon) achterbergi sp. n.: 1 – antenna; 2 – mesosoma in lateral view; 3 – wings; 4 – hind leg; 5 – metasoma in dorsal view. Scales 1 mm (Fig. 2), 1.8 mm (Figs 1, 3), 1.9 mm (Fig. 4), 1.1 mm (Fig. 5).

0.84 times as long as basal width and 0.46 times as long Distribution. Known only from the type localities in as posterior width; suture between 2nd and 3rd metaso- Trabzon and (Turkey). mal tergites weak and almost straight; median length of second tergite as long as median length of third ter- Differential diagnosis. Bracon (Lucobracon) achter- gite; length of protruding ovipositor sheath 1.25 times bergi Beyarslan sp. n. is related to B. (L.) erraticus as long as metasoma and 0.65 times of fore wing. (Wesmael, 1838) (Papp 1969). These two species can Colour. Black; dorsal orbits, apical half of fore fe- be separated by the combination of following charac- mur, fore tibia, basal half of hind tibia, a lateral part ters: of second metasomal tergite, sternites partly yellow- 1(2)First metasomal tergite about 1.4 times as long red; wing membrane light brown, pterostigma and veins as its apical width (25:18) and 3–SR 0.5 times as long dark brown. as SR1 and 3.5 times longer than r ...... Male. Unknown...... B. (L.) achterbergi sp. n. Host. Unknown. 2(1)First metasomal tergite about 0.6 times as long as its apical width (35:60) and 3–SR 0.80 times as long as SR1 and as long as r ...... B. (L.) erraticus Material examined. Holotype (female): Trabzon, Ma¸c- ka, Hamsik¨oy, swept from a pasture with mixed forest; (39◦2116 N, 36◦2427 E), 5.VIII.2005, 1400 m a.s.l., leg. A. Beyarslan. Acknowledgements

Paratypes (2 ¾¾): Trabzon, Ma¸cka, Ye¸siltepe, G¨ulin Da˘gı, from a high plateau with Abies sp., Rhododendron sp. and This research was supported by TUBITAK (TBAG-1924 Papaver sp. (40◦5010 N, 39◦3411 E), 6.VIII.2005, 1640 and 106T588). We thank the Scientific and Technical Re- search Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) for their financial m a.s.l., leg. M. Aydogdu; 1 2; Giresun, S¸ebinkarahisar, ◦ support. Dereli, from a field with grass-type plants (40 32 06 N, 38◦2117 E), 2.VIII.2005, 1430 m a.s.l., leg. A. Beyarslan, 1 2. Holotype and paratypes are deposited in the Zoolog- ical Museum of Department of Biology, Trakya University References (TUZM), Turkey TR-22. Belokobylskij S.A. & Tobias V.I. 2000. Braconinae, pp. 109–192. In: Ler P.A. (ed.), Opredelitel nasekomykh Dalnego Vostoka Etymology. Named in honour of Prof. Dr. C. van Rossii. T. IV. Setchatokryloobraznye, skorpionnitsy, perepon- chatokrylye. Ch. 4. [Key to the insects of Russian Far East. Achterberg, for his important contributions to our Vol. IV. Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera. Pt 4.], knowledge of Braconidae. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 651 pp. Bracon species of Turkey with description of a new species 109

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Received March 12, 2009 Accepted September 5, 2009