Preparing for the Discovery of Life Beyond Earth
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SETI Is Part of Astrobiology
SETI is Part of Astrobiology Jason T. Wright Department of Astronomy & Physics Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds Penn State University Phone: (814) 863-8470 [email protected] I. SETI is Part of Astrobiology “Traditional SETI is not part of astrobiology” declares the NASA Astrobiology Strategy 2015 document (p. 150). This is incorrect.1 Astrobiology is the study of life in the universe, in particular its “origin, evolution, distribution, and future in the universe.” [emphasis mine] Searches for biosignatures are searches for the results of interactions between life and its environment, and could be sensitive to even primitive life on other worlds. As such, these searches focus on the origin and evolution of life, using past life on Earth as a guide. But some of the most obvious ways in which Earth is inhabited today are its technosignatures such as radio transmissions, alterations of its atmosphere by industrial pollutants, and probes throughout the Solar System. It seems clear that the future of life on Earth includes the development of ever more obvious technosignatures. Indeed, the NASA Astrobiology Strategy 2015 document acknowledges “the possibility” that such technosignatures exist, but erroneously declares them to be “not part of contemporary SETI,” and mentions them only to declare that we should “be aware of the possibility” and to “be sure to include [technosignatures] as a possible kind of interpretation we should consider as we begin to get data on the exoplanets.” In other words, while speculation on the nature of biosignatures and the design of multi-billion dollar missions to find those signatures is consistent with NASA’s vision for astrobiology, speculation on the nature of technosignatures and the design of observations to find them is not. -
ASU Colloquium
New Frontiers in Artifact SETI: Waste Heat, Alien Megastructures, and "Tabby's Star" Jason T Wright Penn State University SESE Colloquium Arizona State University October 4, 2017 Contact (Warner Bros.) What is SETI? • “The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence” • A field of study, like cosmology or planetary science • SETI Institute: • Research center in Mountain View, California • Astrobiology, astronomy, planetary science, radio SETI • Runs the Allen Telescope Array • Berkeley SETI Research Center: • Hosted by the UC Berkeley Astronomy Department • Mostly radio astronomy and exoplanet detection • Runs SETI@Home • Runs the $90M Breakthrough Listen Project Communication SETI The birth of Radio SETI 1960 — Cocconi & Morrison suggest interstellar communication via radio waves Allen Telescope Array Operated by the SETI Institute Green Bank Telescope Operated by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory Artifact SETI Dyson (1960) Energy-hungry civilizations might use a significant fraction of available starlight to power themselves Energy is never “used up”, it is just converted to a lower temperature If a civilization collects or generates energy, that energy must emerge at higher entropy (e.g. mid-infrared radiation) This approach is general: practically any energy use by a civilization should give a star (or galaxy) a MIR excess IRAS All-Sky map (1983) The discovery of infrared cirrus complicated Dyson sphere searches. Credit: NASA GSFC, LAMBDA Carrigan reported on the Fermilab Dyson Sphere search with IRAS: Lots of interesting red sources: -
The Copernican Principle Rules out BLC1 As a Technological Radio Signal from the Alpha Centauri System
Draft version January 13, 2021 Typeset using LATEX twocolumn style in AASTeX62 The Copernican Principle Rules Out BLC1 as a Technological Radio Signal from the Alpha Centauri System Amir Siraj1 and Abraham Loeb1 1Department of Astronomy, Harvard University, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ABSTRACT Without evidence for occupying a special time or location, we should not assume that we inhabit privileged circumstances in the Universe. As a result, within the context of all Earth-like planets orbiting Sun-like stars, the origin of a technological civilization on Earth should be considered a single outcome of a random process. We show that in such a Copernican framework, which is inherently optimistic about the prevalence of life in the Universe, the likelihood of the nearest star system, Alpha Centauri, hosting a radio-transmitting civilization is ∼ 10−8. This rules out, a priori, Breakthrough Listen Candidate 1 (BLC1) as a technological radio signal from the Alpha Centauri system, as such a scenario would violate the Copernican principle by about eight orders of magnitude. We also show that the Copernican principle is consistent with the vast majority of Fast Radio Bursts being natural in origin. Keywords: technosignatures; astrobiology; search for extraterrestrial intelligence; biosignatures 1. INTRODUCTION lihood of searches for primitive and intelligent life, us- The Copernican principle asserts that we are not priv- ing a Drake-type approach. Westby & Conselice(2020) ileged observers of the Universe. Successes of its appli- applied the Copernican principle to the search for intel- cation include the rejection of Ptolemaic geocentrism ligent life, but in forms that featured strict boundaries and the adoption of the modern cosmological princi- in time, thereby not reflecting a truly random process. -
Astrobiology and the Search for Life Beyond Earth in the Next Decade
Astrobiology and the Search for Life Beyond Earth in the Next Decade Statement of Dr. Andrew Siemion Berkeley SETI Research Center, University of California, Berkeley ASTRON − Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, Netherlands Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands to the Committee on Science, Space and Technology United States House of Representatives 114th United States Congress September 29, 2015 Chairman Smith, Ranking Member Johnson and Members of the Committee, thank you for the opportunity to testify today. Overview Nearly 14 billion years ago, our universe was born from a swirling quantum soup, in a spectacular and dynamic event known as the \big bang." After several hundred million years, the first stars lit up the cosmos, and many hundreds of millions of years later, the remnants of countless stellar explosions coalesced into the first planetary systems. Somehow, through a process still not understood, the laws of physics guiding the unfolding of our universe gave rise to self-replicating organisms − life. Yet more perplexing, this life eventually evolved a capacity to know its universe, to study it, and to question its own existence. Did this happen many times? If it did, how? If it didn't, why? SETI (Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence) experiments seek to determine the dis- tribution of advanced life in the universe through detecting the presence of technology, usually by searching for electromagnetic emission from communication technology, but also by searching for evidence of large scale energy usage or interstellar propulsion. Technology is thus used as a proxy for intelligence − if an advanced technology exists, so to does the ad- vanced life that created it. -
Dr. Seth Shostak
Written Text for Congressional Testimony Advances in the Search for Life Seth Shostak, Senior Astronomer, SETI Institute 189 Bernardo Ave., #200, Mountain View, CA 94043, [email protected] It is no longer considered foolish to argue that biology could exist on some of the trillion other planets in our galaxy. Its discovery would produce a lasting change in our perceptions, demonstrating that life is not confined to our world. We would know that biology is not some sort of miracle, but a commonplace – an ubiquitous, cosmic infection. The discovery of intelligence elsewhere would be of even greater import, as we have always considered humans to be special, even the pinnacle of Creation. To learn that there are others out there – others whose cognitive abilities exceed our own – would be a discovery that would recalibrate how our species views itself. It would also have consequences that can be only vaguely gauged, in much the way that the discovery of the New World led to societal changes that were largely unpredictable at the time of its happening. However, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, known by the acronym SETI, has been pursued for more than a half century with no unambiguous, positive result. We haven’t found conclusive proof of any intelligent (or even unintelligent) life beyond the confines of Earth. Claims that our planet is being visited by alien beings, while popular with the citizenry, are not considered credible by most scientists. However, recent developments in both astronomy and technology are accelerating the speed of SETI searches, and it is hardly fantastic to suggest that we could find evidence of cosmic company within a few decades. -
Monday, November 13, 2017 WHAT DOES IT MEAN to BE HABITABLE? 8:15 A.M. MHRGC Salons ABCD 8:15 A.M. Jang-Condell H. * Welcome C
Monday, November 13, 2017 WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE HABITABLE? 8:15 a.m. MHRGC Salons ABCD 8:15 a.m. Jang-Condell H. * Welcome Chair: Stephen Kane 8:30 a.m. Forget F. * Turbet M. Selsis F. Leconte J. Definition and Characterization of the Habitable Zone [#4057] We review the concept of habitable zone (HZ), why it is useful, and how to characterize it. The HZ could be nicknamed the “Hunting Zone” because its primary objective is now to help astronomers plan observations. This has interesting consequences. 9:00 a.m. Rushby A. J. Johnson M. Mills B. J. W. Watson A. J. Claire M. W. Long Term Planetary Habitability and the Carbonate-Silicate Cycle [#4026] We develop a coupled carbonate-silicate and stellar evolution model to investigate the effect of planet size on the operation of the long-term carbon cycle, and determine that larger planets are generally warmer for a given incident flux. 9:20 a.m. Dong C. F. * Huang Z. G. Jin M. Lingam M. Ma Y. J. Toth G. van der Holst B. Airapetian V. Cohen O. Gombosi T. Are “Habitable” Exoplanets Really Habitable? A Perspective from Atmospheric Loss [#4021] We will discuss the impact of exoplanetary space weather on the climate and habitability, which offers fresh insights concerning the habitability of exoplanets, especially those orbiting M-dwarfs, such as Proxima b and the TRAPPIST-1 system. 9:40 a.m. Fisher T. M. * Walker S. I. Desch S. J. Hartnett H. E. Glaser S. Limitations of Primary Productivity on “Aqua Planets:” Implications for Detectability [#4109] While ocean-covered planets have been considered a strong candidate for the search for life, the lack of surface weathering may lead to phosphorus scarcity and low primary productivity, making aqua planet biospheres difficult to detect. -
Vol 25 No 3, Summer 2019
SearchLites Vol. 25 No. 3, Summer 2019 The Quarterly Newsletter of The SETI League, Inc. Offices: 433 Liberty Street In Memoriam: Little Ferry NJ Dr. Owen K. Garriott, W5LFL 07643 USA 22 November 1930 – 15 April 2019 Phone: (201) 641-1770 Facsimile: (201) 641-1771 Email: [email protected] Web: www.setileague.org President Richard Factor Registered Agent: Anthony Agnello Secretary/Treasurer: A. Heather Wood Executive Director Emeritus: H. Paul Shuch, Ph.D. Trustee: Martin Schreiber, CPA Advisory Board: Anthony Agnello KT6W photo Greg Bear Paul Davies, Ph.D. The SETI League is saddened to report the death in April of Owen Garriott, Robert S. Dixon, Ph.D. Frank D. Drake, Ph.D. W5LFL, at age 88. Owen was an electrical engineering professor at Stanford, a Claudio Maccone, Ph.D. Skylab and Space Shuttle astronaut, and a lifelong radio amateur. In December Clifford Stoll, Ph.D. 1983, he became the first ham to operate in space. In this early 1984 picture, Owen is exchanging QSL cards with H. Paul Shuch (now SETI League Executive Direc- SearchLites, ISSN 1096-5599, tor Emeritus), following Owen's historic STS-9 mission. is the Quarterly Newsletter of The SETI League, Inc., a membership-supported, non- Garriott became a licensed radio amateur at the age of 15. It was ham radio profit [501(c)(3)], educational that prompted him to become an electrical engineer, and ultimately one of NASA’s and scientific corporation, dedi- first scientist-astronauts in 1965. He joined the space program after having served cated to the electromagnetic Search for Extra-Terrestrial as an electronics officer in the US navy, and as a professor of electrical engineer- Intelligence. -
2015 October
TTSIQ #13 page 1 OCTOBER 2015 www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-confirms-evidence-that-liquid-water-flows-on-today-s-mars Flash! Sept. 28, 2015: www.space.com/30674-flowing-water-on-mars-discovery-pictures.html www.space.com/30673-water-flows-on-mars-discovery.html - “boosting odds for life!” These dark, narrow, 100 meter~yards long streaks called “recurring slope lineae” flowing downhill on Mars are inferred to have been formed by contemporary flowing water www.space.com/30683-mars-liquid-water-astronaut-exploration.html INDEX 2 Co-sponsoring Organizations NEWS SECTION pp. 3-56 3-13 Earth Orbit and Mission to Planet Earth 13-14 Space Tourism 15-20 Cislunar Space and the Moon 20-28 Mars 29-33 Asteroids & Comets 34-47 Other Planets & their moons 48-56 Starbound ARTICLES & ESSAY SECTION pp 56-84 56 Replace "Pluto the Dwarf Planet" with "Pluto-Charon Binary Planet" 61 Kepler Shipyards: an Innovative force that could reshape the future 64 Moon Fans + Mars Fans => Collaboration on Joint Project Areas 65 Editor’s List of Needed Science Missions 66 Skyfields 68 Alan Bean: from “Moonwalker” to Artist 69 Economic Assessment and Systems Analysis of an Evolvable Lunar Architecture that Leverages Commercial Space Capabilities and Public-Private-Partnerships 71 An Evolved Commercialized International Space Station 74 Remembrance of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam 75 The Problem of Rational Investment of Capital in Sustainable Futures on Earth and in Space 75 Recommendations to Overcome Non-Technical Challenges to Cleaning Up Orbital Debris STUDENTS & TEACHERS pp 85-96 Past TTSIQ issues are online at: www.moonsociety.org/international/ttsiq/ and at: www.nss.org/tothestarsOO TTSIQ #13 page 2 OCTOBER 2015 TTSIQ Sponsor Organizations 1. -
NASA Astrobiology Institute 2018 Annual Science Report
A National Aeronautics and Space Administration 2018 Annual Science Report Table of Contents 2018 at the NAI 1 NAI 2018 Teams 2 2018 Team Reports The Evolution of Prebiotic Chemical Complexity and the Organic Inventory 6 of Protoplanetary Disk and Primordial Planets Lead Institution: NASA Ames Research Center Reliving the Past: Experimental Evolution of Major Transitions 18 Lead Institution: Georgia Institute of Technology Origin and Evolution of Organics and Water in Planetary Systems 34 Lead Institution: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Icy Worlds: Astrobiology at the Water-Rock Interface and Beyond 46 Lead Institution: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Habitability of Hydrocarbon Worlds: Titan and Beyond 60 Lead Institution: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory The Origins of Molecules in Diverse Space and Planetary Environments 72 and Their Intramolecular Isotope Signatures Lead Institution: Pennsylvania State University ENIGMA: Evolution of Nanomachines in Geospheres and Microbial Ancestors 80 Lead Institution: Rutgers University Changing Planetary Environments and the Fingerprints of Life 88 Lead Institution: SETI Institute Alternative Earths 100 Lead Institution: University of California, Riverside Rock Powered Life 120 Lead Institution: University of Colorado Boulder NASA Astrobiology Institute iii Annual Report 2018 2018 at the NAI In 2018, the NASA Astrobiology Program announced a plan to transition to a new structure of Research Coordination Networks, RCNs, and simultaneously planned the termination of the NASA Astrobiology Institute -
Nasa and the Search for Technosignatures
NASA AND THE SEARCH FOR TECHNOSIGNATURES A Report from the NASA Technosignatures Workshop NOVEMBER 28, 2018 NASA TECHNOSIGNATURES WORKSHOP REPORT CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................... 1 What are Technosignatures? .................................................................................................................................... 2 What Are Good Technosignatures to Look For? ....................................................................................................... 2 Maturity of the Field ................................................................................................................................................... 5 Breadth of the Field ................................................................................................................................................... 5 Limitations of This Document .................................................................................................................................... 6 Authors of This Document ......................................................................................................................................... 6 2 EXISTING UPPER LIMITS ON TECHNOSIGNATURES ....................................................................................................... 9 Limits and the Limitations of Limits ........................................................................................................................... -
Inflation-Theory Implications for Extraterrestrial Visitation
Inflation-Theory ImplicationsJBIS, for VExtraerrestrialol. 58, pp. 43-50 Visitation, 2005 Inflation-Theory Implications for Extraterrestrial Visitation J. DEARDORFF1, B. HAISCH2, B. MACCABEE3 AND H.E. PUTHOFF4 1. 1689 S.W. Knollbrook Pl., Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA. 2. National Aviation Reporting Center on Anomalous Phenomena (NARCAP), Post Office Box 1535, Vallejo, California, USA. 3. Fund for UFO Research, Post Office Box 277, Mt Rainier, Maryland, 20712, USA. 4. Institute for Advanced Studies at Austin, 4030 W. Braker Ln., Suite 300, Austin, Texas 78759, USA. Email: [email protected] It has recently been argued that anthropic reasoning applied to inflation theory reinforces the prediction that we should find ourselves part of a large, galaxy-sized civilisation, thus strengthening Fermi’s paradox concern- ing “Where are they?” Furthermore, superstring and M-brane theory allow for the possibility of parallel universes, some of which in principle could be habitable. In addition, discussion of such exotic transport concepts as “traversable wormholes” now appears in the rigorous physics literature. As a result, the “We are alone” solution to Fermi’s paradox, based on the constraints of earlier 20th century viewpoints, appears today to be inconsistent with new developments in our best current physics and astrophysics theories. Therefore we reexamine and reevaluate the present assumption that extraterrestrials or their probes are not in the vicinity of Earth, and argue instead that some evidence of their presence might be found in certain high-quality UFO reports. This study follows up on previous arguments that (1) interstellar travel for advanced civilizations is not a priori ruled out by physical principles and therefore may be practicable, and (2) such advanced civilisations may value the search for knowledge from uncontaminated species more than direct, interspecies communica- tion, thereby accounting for apparent covertness regarding their presence. -
Prior Indigenous Technological Species
International Journal of Astrobiology 17 (1): 96–100 (2018) doi:10.1017/S1473550417000143 © Cambridge University Press 2017 Prior indigenous technological species Jason T. Wright1,2,3 1Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics and Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA e-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Astronomy Breakthrough Listen Laboratory 501 Campbell Hall #3411, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 3PI, NASA Nexus for Exoplanet System Science Abstract: One of the primary open questions of astrobiology is whether there is extant or extinct life elsewhere the solar system. Implicit in much of this work is that we are looking for microbial or, at best, unintelligent life, even though technological artefacts might be much easier to find. Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) work on searches for alien artefacts in the solar system typically presumes that such artefacts would be of extrasolar origin, even though life is known to have existed in the solar system, on Earth, for eons. But if a prior technological, perhaps spacefaring, species ever arose in the solar system, it might have produced artefacts or other technosignatures that have survived to present day, meaning solar system artefact SETI provides a potential path to resolving astrobiology’s question. Here, I discuss the origins and possible locations for technosignatures of such a prior indigenous technological species, which might have arisen on ancient Earth or another body, such as a pre-greenhouse Venus or a wet Mars. In the case of Venus, the arrival of its global greenhouse and potential resurfacing might have erased all evidence of its existence on the Venusian surface.