The Advent Hearld, used by Captain Griffiths Jones when he first entered the in 1914. Photo courtesy of Glynn Lock.

Solomon Islands

MILTON HOOK

Milton Hook, Ed.D. (Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan, the United States). Hook retired in 1997 as a minister in the Greater Sydney Conference, Australia. An Australian by birth Hook has served the Church as a teacher at the elementary, academy and college levels, a missionary in Papua New Guinea, and as a local church pastor. In retirement he is a conjoint senior lecturer at Avondale College of Higher Education. He has authoredFlames Over Battle Creek, Avondale: Experiment on the Dora, Desmond Ford: Reformist Theologian, Gospel Revivalist, the Seventh-day Adventist Heritage Series, and many magazine articles. He is married to Noeleen and has two sons and three grandchildren.

The Solomon Islands are a double chain of volcanic islands and coral atolls in the southwest of the Pacific Ocean. Background In the sixteenth century Spanish explorers entered the group and generated rumors that they had found King Solomon’s gold mines, leading to the name Solomon Islands. The inhabitants are Melanesian with the exception of a small population of Polynesians on a few eastern and southern islands. The capital is Honiara on . Christianity was introduced to the Solomon Islands by Anglican missionaries in the nineteenth century, and they retain the majority among religious faiths. In 1893 the country was made a British protectorate and was given its independence in 1978. British rule witnessed a rebellion in 1927 among the Kwaio clan on , an uprising against tax collection that was put down, with many islanders losing their lives and homes. Later, in World War II, American marines reversed the advance of the Japanese army in the Battle of Guadalcanal.1 Entry of Seventh-day Adventists Some activity had taken place prior to 1912 with Victor Stratford, a clerk at the Australasian Union Conference (AUC) office, regularly mailing copies of Life and Health to English-speaking traders and government officials throughout Melanesia.2 Favorable replies encouraged the AUC in 1913 to determine to dispatch a missionary party.3 Arrangements were made to have an auxiliary ketch built especially for the mission. By May 1914 it was completed, and Griffiths and Marion Jones were chosen to use it in their pioneer work in the Solomon Islands.4 The ketch was christened Advent Herald.5 It was loaded onto the deck of the island steamer Minindi and lashed down for the trip from Sydney. The Joneses accompanied it and arrived at Gizo Harbor on May 29, 1914. Jones was not a marine engineer or very familiar with the boat. The captain and crew of the Minindi lowered the Advent Herald into the water, obligingly fitted the masts and rigging, and tested the engine.6 Before Jones was about to sail and explore for a suitable mission station, a planter named John Statham fortuitously arrived and offered to help Jones get started. Statham had been a patient at the Sydney Sanitarium, where he had met Jones. He and his native assistant from Malaita led Jones out through the treacherous reefs to the Roviana Lagoon on Island, where another planter, Norman Wheatley, was stationed. Wheatley suggested Jones try to establish himself on , opposite Roviana Lagoon, because no other mission was operating there. Wheatley also released Kusolo, one of his trusted workers, into the employ of Jones as a deckhand and interpreter. Kusolo became a Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) and remained a loyal member of the mission.7 Jones found the people of Rendova to be unwelcoming, so he sailed back to New Georgia and into Viru Harbor. The Viru people were cordial but preoccupied with a feast at the time. He sailed on into the and found a government district officer who, like himself, came from England, and they immediately became friends. The officer was keen to assist Jones and went back to Viru with him and persuaded the islanders to accept Jones. He had the chiefs sign a document, donating a plot of land for the mission. He also recruited seven young men to erect some huts of native materials and a prefabricated home Jones had brought with him for his own accommodation.8 The Spread of Mission Stations Before the year was out, a delegation of Marovo people went to Viru to tell Jones they had cleared a site for a mission station and started to erect buildings. They asked for a resident missionary who would start a school for them. 9 In early 1915 Jones welcomed Oscar and Ella Hellestrand to teach about forty students at Viru and provide medical services.10 It enabled Jones to sail in search of further people willing to establish an SDA mission station. In the same year Donald and Lilian Nicholson arrived at Sasaghana village on the Marovo Lagoon. In the context of World War I Jones desperately called for more missionaries to assist him in view of the fact that the world’s probation, he said, was soon to close, for “the end of the world was in sight” and a lot of villagers were calling for gospel teachers.11 Expansion began to gather pace in 1916. Hellestrand nurtured an outstation at Nono, south of his base.12 Jones located a bachelor nursing graduate, David Gray, willing to pioneer a station at Pejuku on Gatokai Island.13 Another boat, christened Minando (“love” in the local language), was positioned at Sasaghana for Nicholson to service the Marovo Lagoon region.14 And Lilian Nicholson’s school officially opened on September 13, 1916.15 Young men such as Pana, Kioto, and Peo, who were later to take leading roles themselves, were mentioned among the early students. 16 Late in 1916 Jones sent a young man named Hite to prepare a station at Ughele on Rendova Island, where he had first called in 1914.17 Chief Romiti had initially rebuffed Jones, but then changed his mind. Late in 1917 Samuel and Florence Maunder settled at Ughele to further develop the station.18 Back in the Marovo Lagoon a second station was opened in 1917 at Telina. The Nicholsons transferred to this site to open another school. It became the headquarters for the Marovo region for some years because of the enthusiastic support that Chief Tatangu rendered.19 He and his wife, Sabenaru, were happy for their boys to attend the school. Those youngsters included Rini, Ghusa Peo, Kata Ragaso, Jimaru, Kulobura, and Joseph.20 When a new mission boat, the ketch Melanesia, was added to the fleet in 1917, its initial home anchorage was Telina station.21 The vessel proved to be one of the most dependable for decades. The first annual council of the Solomon Islands Mission was held at Sasaghana, December 29, 1917, through January 2, 1918. It was like a camp meeting, three hundred people attending, including 21 chiefs from all the stations. During the assembly ten young people from Viru, Sasaghana, and Telina were baptized, something that the people had never before witnessed.22 It was a brave step for the candidates to abandon the spirit worship so prevalent in their culture.23 After four years of work Jones summarized progress up to 1918. Viru station, he lamented, was somewhat neglected but managing under local leadership. The earliest results of the elementary training schools were beginning to surface as such men as Kere were given charge of Nono station. In the Marovo Lagoon Telina served as the headquarters for nearby Rukutu, Sasaghana, Loloha villages, and Ramata to the north. Further away the outposts on Gatukai Island and Rendova Island were well established with expatriate leadership. Jones desperately appealed for more workers because invitations from communities were being made at more northerly islands, such as and .24 In 1919 Henry “Harry” and Emily Tutty, both nurses, opened a station at Doveli on Vella Lavella Island. Barnabas Pana assisted them25 until, on March 15, 1920, he went by canoe over to Ranonga Island to begin another station on the west coast at Modo.26 Soon after, Harold Wicks was transferred from the Cook Islands to replace Jones as superintendent.27 Jones baptized eight more young people at Viru station28 and ten at Pejuku, Gatokai Island, before the changeover.29 One of the last milestones that Jones engaged in was to conduct the wedding of Panda, at that time the missionary at Ughele station.30 Jones had supervised the establishment of five central stations and 17 outstations, with a total Sabbath School membership rising to 1,108 during his six-year pioneering term.31 Further Progress At Telina headquarters Peo was active as the supervisor of the immediate area and deacon of the Telina church, in addition to translating hymns, the Sabbath School lessons, and John’s Gospel. He was proficient at cutting stencils on the typewriter and printing limited copies for distribution among the outstation workers.32 In 1922 the Signs Publishing Company donated a printing press for the mission,33 Gray setting it up the following year.34 The Solomon Island missionaries had no more than three years schooling and were heavily dependent on the printed lessons that they used with the Sabbath School Picture Rolls donated by Australasian members.35 Persistent invitations kept coming from Choiseul Islanders, so Jugha, who was assisting Pana at Modo, was taken to the south of the island at Kuboro Bay on August 28, 1921, where he established a well-designed station at Ghoghombe.36 The following year Kioto and Nagaha pioneered two further stations on the east coast of Choiseul.37 Two more young men, Goropava and Manovaki, pioneered the west coast soon after.38 The rapid spread of the mission attracted criticism from another denomination, who persuaded local people to dispute three different land leases at the main centers of Viru, Ughele, and Telina. The government appointed a commissioner to judge the cases. Proceedings were drawn out over three years. The matter of the Viru property was easily resolved when the plaintiff withdrew his claim. At Ughele the mission agreed on a compromise, surrendering some of the property to the plaintiff.39 The dispute over the Telina site was won by the mission.40 Before the result was handed down, a decision was made to transfer mission headquarters from Telina across the lagoon to Batuna and its high ground called Motusu.41 Batuna Training School The exponential growth of the mission was largely a result of the dedicated band of young men willing to take a leadership role in the mission stations. In addition to those already mentioned, there were the sons of Chief Tatangu, Jimaru at Telina, and Rini, who died at his post at Sasaghana in 1923; the son of Chief Romiti, Liangu at Ughele, Divu at Tobulu, Etulu at Buini, Hari at Baniata, Punchi at Bili, and many others.42 The medical work done by the expatriate nurses broke down prejudice, and the elementary schools trained the workforce. By 1920 it was understood that the momentum should be maintained and at the same time the standard of education should be lifted. For that purpose, in 1922 the search for a suitable site for a central school took place. Batuna, meaning “leading place,” or promontory, was chosen in the Marovo Lagoon. Harry Martin arrived to construct the buildings, together with teachers Robert and Hilda Barrett. A team of thirty able young men were gathered from the outstations to clear the grounds, build paths, and lay a stone wharf.43 The official opening took place on February 11, 1924.44 Fifty-one young men were enrolled in the first year.45 The local Ulusagi language was used for instruction. Classes were held in physiology, geography, grammar, reading, oral English, etiquette, spelling, writing, and arithmetic.46 A girls dormitory was built and opened in 1925.47 Nurse Evelyn Totenhofer acted as preceptor and sewing teacher, the making of dresses and loincloths a most important unit in the curriculum for people accustomed to nudity.48 Totenhofer was appointed primarily for medical work, and the little clinic she operated was soon overwhelmed with boatloads of people seeking treatment.49 She began to give all of her time to nursing, especially when an influenza epidemic swept the islands in 1926. A small hospital was built; it became a lasting feature of the Batuna campus.50 A sawmill was added, and logs were towed by boat from the surrounding stations to be cut into timber for churches and schools that would replace the constructions of native materials.51 The first European-style church was built at nearby Buini in the Marovo Lagoon.52 An upgraded printshop was also built at Batuna to replace the primitive press at Telina. 53

More Developments Invitations to begin a station on Malaita Island were received as early as 1920, but staff could not be found to respond until 1924. John and Guinevere Anderson, together with national assistants Charlie Olea and Billi, began a primitive station September 14, 1924, at Uru Harbor on the northeast coast.54 Those who sent the invitations proved to be very few in number. The missionaries met with thieving and general apathy.55 It took two years before the enterprise yielded any baptisms.56 Guadalcanal Island was entered in 1926. Jugha, who experienced success on Choiseul, was transferred to pioneer in the mountainous interior of Guadalcanal, where no other mission group had entered.57 Jugha was landed on the south coast, and immediately the local chief welcomed him, inviting him to start his mission in his village. However, Jugha felt obliged to go inland and honor the invitation of Vatukile, chief at Malamala on the Tetembi River. Within a few weeks Jugha received two more requests from nearby villages for mission teachers.58 And he had forty individuals attending his worship services.59 The reception on Guadalcanal proved to be the antithesis of the apathy initially exhibited on Malaita. The island of Santa Isabel was first entered in 193060 with the arrival of Manovaki and his wife.61 They were assisted by Tutua. Mr. Hickey, a Seventh-day Adventist resident on the island, donated a small isle called Beta in the lagoon on the northwest coast, and there they set up a base.62 South of Ranonga Island lay a small island named . An earnest lad with minimal schooling and nothing more than a Picture Roll took the initiative to begin a little company of worshippers in 1933.63 His effort was in response to a leper, Jonatani, who had sent an invitation in 1931. The move was met with strong opposition from another denomination, and the government authority expelled the lad from the island, only to change their attitude in 1938 with permission for Keti and his wife to establish an outpost on land believed to be haunted by the spirits of the dead.64 Mission leaders were keen to expand south to the Rennell and Bellona islands, where the inhabitants were Polynesians who did not engage in headhunting. One young man, Kaipua, had risked his life paddling a canoe across the open sea from Rennell to San Cristobel, asking for a missionary.65 Ludwig Borgas and Norman Ferris sailed the locally built Vinaritokae from Batuna on November 27, 1932, for an exploratory trip to . It was a success in the sense that they met a man, Chief Tapongi, who gave them a warm welcome, promising them land for a mission station if they would send a teacher. He was told they would return with a teacher in “five moons” time, a local method of counting by pointing to the digits on one hand.66 True to their word, they returned on time with three of the most experienced teachers in their employ, Pana, Nagaha, and Jugha. On the way they called in at government headquarters to outline their plans, only to find that the civil authorities forbade aliens to settle among the inhabitants, in order to protect them from diseases. This late discovery indicated poor planning, but they sailed on to assure Tapongi of their bona fides and that he should wait for further developments. During this second visit they met another chief, named Tahoa, who also wished for a teacher.67 Negotiations with the government resolved the matter, with Borgas being allowed to ferry young men from Rennell to the Batuna Training School for “five moons” of elementary instruction at a time. On his fourth trip, in 1934, he returned to Batuna with six teenagers, three each from Chiefs Tapongi and Tahoa, these being the first to attend the mission.68 On return one of the lads, Una, volunteered to teach without remuneration in a hut prepared for him as a school. At the same time a request for a teacher was received from .69 By 1941 there were fifty baptized members on Rennell Island and 495 Sabbath School members under the leadership of six local missionaries.70 On Bellona Island the young missionary Moa reported he was caring for ten village churches.71 The remaining island to the south, San Christobal, was entered in 1937 by two young missionaries, Taro and Ngava, some of their converts gravitating to Batuna for further instruction.72 Coming of Age Two decades after Jones entered the Marovo Lagoon, a service was held at Batuna when Barnabas Pana and Kata Rangoso were ordained on May 18, 1935.73 They were the first of many Solomon Island men who became leaders among their people. At this stage the number of outstations with functioning Sabbath Schools had risen to 126, 22 of which were organized into churches with a baptized membership of 1,160, far more than any other Pacific SDA mission.74 Rangoso was chosen to be a delegate at the 1936 General Conference session in San Francisco, May 26 through June 11.75 Following the meetings he was taken on a speaking tour across the continent to the east coast. Advertised as the barefooted son of a headhunter, he created a sensation in the national media and drew crowds wherever he appeared.76 He appealed for funds to build medical facilities for his people.77 Funds for hospitals, indeed, were forthcoming. Nurse Totenhofer reported that late in 1936 the Batuna hospital, built out over the waters of the lagoon, was enhanced with an onshore building for maternity patients.78 Another small hospital was built in 1936 at Kwailabesi, Malaita, where Dr. Dorothy Parker was stationed.79 In June 1937 Dr. Edmund Finkle arrived from Canada,80 as plans were well advanced to establish a third hospital at Kukudu, Kolombangara Island. Building began in July 1937, and patients began to arrive during its construction, fourteen thousand being treated in the first six months of 1938.81 When it was completed, it had a sixty-bed capacity, including an operating theater, a separate building for obstetrics, a general dispensary, and an isolated commune of 12 huts for leper patients. A belated dedication service was held on June 30, 1939. It was named the Amyes Memorial Hospital in honor of Sidney Amyes, the chief operative behind the Christchurch Sanitarium.82 Late in 1941 two cases of New Testaments printed in the Ulusagi language by the Signs Publishing Company arrived at Batuna amid great rejoicing. The translation, begun by Wicks and Peo and continued by others, had been completed by Barrett and Rangoso, both having the joy of dedicating the initial consignment of books during a Sabbath service.83 Wartime As war clouds gathered over the Solomon Islands early in 1942, seven expatriate women and their four children were taken to safety in Australia.84 Soon after, their husbands fled aboard the Melanesia via Rennell Island to Hervey Bay, Queensland.85 Rangoso, stationed at Batuna, was left as supervisor of mission work.86 Japanese troops landed at Guadalcanal Island on July 6, 1942, their forces eventually numbering 32,000. They began to build an airfield and spread out through the nearby islands. American forces, totalling 44,000, counterattacked a month later, with land and sea battles located mainly in the Guadalcanal area. Approximately eight months later the allied forces were victorious.87 Most of the church members retreated to the mountains during the conflict. Some of the men stayed behind to monitor the mission properties. A few young men were commandeered by the Allies into the army as cook boys, and after negotiation were granted exemption from Saturday work. Rangoso had organized a large team of first-aid workers and positioned them at intervals of two hours traveling time and told them to carry any wounded Allied soldiers to safety and treatment. They rescued 187 crew from a ship sunk by the Japanese in addition to 27 downed airmen in separate incidents.88 One of those pilots, Bill Coffeen, parachuted into the sea between Kolombangara Island and , paddling to islands off the south coast of Choiseul, where he was found barely alive by an SDA member 72 days later.89 Japanese troops murdered three outstation teachers. One, Topo, was located on Gatokai Island. Another, Taro, was of the Marovo Lagoon, and Panda One was situated on Rendova Island. The invaders vandalized the Batuna buildings and destroyed the printing press. Their air raids also damaged much of Amyes Memorial Hospital90 and Malaita Hospital.91 Jimaru had hidden most of the Amyes Memorial Hospital equipment in the jungle, but Japanese troops found and destroyed it.92 On the other hand, the Allies learned to value the Solomon Islanders as loyal friends. SDA servicemen worshipped with the islanders and generously donated hundreds of dollars to support the missionary teachers. Sasa Rore on Guadalcanal Island, for example, was gifted by these soldiers with a windfall of Bibles and denominational periodicals, soap, school supplies, tools, matches, blankets, and sewing and first-aid kits.93 Rangoso reported that while the fighting raged above and around him, he had managed to dedicate 16 new churches and baptize 101 new members.94 He and his helpers had saved the personal effects of the expatriates by hiding them in the jungle. The mission boats Dadavata, Marara, and Mizpeh survived unscathed. Rangoso hid the Vinaritokae and Portal, without their engines, in a small isolated river and kept them covered with fresh green leaves but Japanese bombers spotted the Vinaritokae and sank it. Bombers left the Batuna buildings intact.95 Postwar David Ferris and John Gosling were the first expatriates allowed to return to their stations. They arrived in late 1944 to revive the medical work.96 Others were permitted to return 12 months later.97 Batuna had been the administrative center for thirty years, but by 1947, without Batuna being closed completely, plans were well advanced in the development of a new base at the capital, Honiara. The first buildings were constructed of timber salvaged from the U.S. Army.98 The move coincided with the removal of the central school from Batuna to a property on the eastern side of Honiara. The Lungga River served as the border with the Henderson Airfield, where the Americans were still established. Surplus Quonset huts were obtained from the Army and re-erected for the boys dormitories. Classes were under way by 1948. All instruction was then in English. It was named the Betikama Missionary School,99 now Betikama Adventist College. The medical work during the war was carried by only a few Solomon Islanders in line with their limited training, but it quickly recovered. In 1947 it was reported that Amyes Memorial Hospital was back to its usual routine. The Malaita and Batuna Hospitals were downgraded to dispensaries. Two new dispensaries were opened, one at Ruruvai, Choiseul, and another at Kopiu, Guadalcanal, both staffed by local aid post orderlies.100 On April 20, 1950, a new facility for lepers was dedicated at Kukudu on the northern coast of New Georgia Island.101 Plans were made in 1959 for a new hospital to be built in a central location. A suitable site was found at Uru Harbor, Malaita, and a leasehold secured in September 1963. First a long jetty was constructed of coral gouged from the seabed. A hand-operated machine was employed to make thousands of cement bricks and timber supplies were obtained from the Batuna sawmill. It was opened on August 25, 1966, and named Atoifi Adventist Hospital (AAH). Its bed capacity was initially for sixty patients in separate male and female wards. The facility included an infant welfare clinic, an outpatient clinic, laboratory, operating theater, X-ray unit, maternity and infectious diseases sections, dispensary and an administrative office. Nearby were utility buildings and staff homes.102 Its opening was marred by the fatal spearing of nurse Brian Dunn by a disgruntled bushman some nine months earlier.103 A second expatriate, Lance Gersbach, was murdered on the same property in 2003,104 and Lens Larwood, director of nursing, lost his life in a tractor accident in 1979.105 Currently (2019) the medical facilities in the Solomon Islands have been extended beyond AAH to include 16 clinics scattered throughout most of the main islands.106 Another landmark advance was the publication of the entire Marovo Bible in the Ulisagi language, printed in 1952 by the British and Foreign Bible Society. It represented years of translation work by Wicks, Peo, Pana, Tasa, Rini, Barrett, and Rangoso. Its use throughout the entire Solomon Islands resulted in the Marovo tongue becoming a lingua franca.107 The advent of the aeroplane also marked a giant leap forward. In 1970 a Piper Aztec twin-engined plane was flown from America as a gift from Laverne Tucker’s Quiet Hour radio program. Fitted with long-range fuel tanks, it was first based in Rabaul and then transferred to Honiara in 1973. Airstrips were opened at the major medical facilities, Kukudu leper station in 1972 and Atoifi Hospital in 1975. It was the means of rapidly transporting injured patients, mission personnel, and supplies within the Solomon Islands and further afield to Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, Nauru, and Kiribati and Tuvulu.108 Radio increasingly grew into an avenue for evangelism. In 1975 Solomons Radio introduced 24-hour broadcasting, creating an urgent call for religious programs from the Seventh-day Adventist mission. They wanted recordings of Sabbath services, sacred music programs, church news items and evening devotionals. Wilson Katovai, Matthew Taupongi, and Wilfred Liligeto were nominated as the principal speakers for these programs. They began with very little equipment and no recording studio,109 but years later Adventist World Radio provided equipment and initiated training for local men,110 the Voice of Hope being established in 2015 to broadcast on Hope FM 88.1.111 Further initiatives have recently taken place in the medical field. Recognizing that fifty percent of nurses working in the government health service are Seventh-day Adventists, many have formed themselves into volunteer teams of various medical professionals to conduct local health assessments and give evening health talks.112 In order to address the crisis of lifestyle diseases such as type 2 diabetes, the Seventh-day Adventist mission was instrumental in establishing a chapter of the South Pacific Society of Lifestyle Medicine in the Solomon Islands in 2018.113 Twenty- two Solomon Islanders have been trained to conduct the Community Health Education Program (CHEP).114 A significant number of Seventh-day Adventists have served in responsible government office, principal among them being Manasseh Sogavare from Choiseul as prime minister 2000-2001, 2006-2007 and 2014-2017. He became deputy prime minister during 2017. Other prime ministers have been Danny Philip, 2010-2011, Gordon Darcy Lilo, 2011-2014, and Snyder Rini, briefly in 2006. Others have held such ministerial portfolios as health, Dr. George Manimu; public services, Nego Sisiolo; women, youth, and children, Dr. Cedric Alependava; finance, Tenneth Dalipanda and Makini Dentana; and clerk of the national parliament, Clezy Rore.115 Nathan Rore was awarded the Member of the British Empire in 1987 for services to the community.116

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Parker, Dorothy I. “A Remarkable Home Coming.” Australasian Record, March 18, 1935. “Pastor G. F. Jones and wife . . .” Australasian Record, May 25, 1914. “Pastor G. F. Jones has recently . . .” Australasian Record, October 13, 1919. “Pastor Jones, in writing . . .” Australasian Record, June 19, 1916. “Pastors W. G. Turner, N. A. Ferris . . .” Australasian Record, May 11, 1936. Peacock, G[erald]. “Batuna Sawmill, Solomon Islands.” Australasian Record, June 16, 1930. ———. “Solomon Islands.” Australasian Record, October 6, 1930. “Peo, our Solomon Islands brother . . .” Australasian Record, August 8, 1921. Perry, J. C. H[amley]. “Solomon Islands to Australia on the “Melanesia.” Australasian Record, March 30, 1942. Piper, A[lbert] H. “A New Island Entered.” Australasian Record, November 22, 1937. ———. “A Sabbath in the Solomons.” Australasian Record, July 8, 1935. Piper, H[arold] E. “Our Annual Offering Objectives.” Australasian Record, April 16, 1945. Radley, J[ohn “Jack” C.]. “A Christian Wedding at Ugeli (sic) Mission, Solomon Islands.” The Missionary Leader. August 1920. Radley, J[ohn “Jack”] C. “Fifty Years Ago in the Solomon Islands.” Australasian Record and Advent World Survey, May 4, 1964. Rangoso, [Kata]. “How 213 Soldiers and Airmen Were Saved from Death in the Solomons.” Australasian Record, January 13, 1947. ———. “They Remained True to God.” Australasian Record, October 28, 1946. Rangoso, Kata. “War Years in the Solomons.” Australasian Record, May 6, 1946. Roenfelt, E[rwin] E. “Continued Advancement.” Australasian Record, June 23, 1941. Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook. Nampa, Idaho: Pacific Press Publishing Association, 2017. Stacey, Brenton. “Missionary Murdered in the Solomons.” Record, June 7, 2003. “Statistical Report of the Mission Field of the Australasian Division for the Year Ended December 31, 1935.” Australasian Record, July 13, 1936. Stellmaker, Cecile. “Our Trip to Choiseul.” Australasian Record, February 10, 1930. Stewart, A[ndrew] G. “A Visit to the Solomon Islands.” Australasian Record, June 20, 1927. ———. “Dedication of Amyes Memorial Hospital.” Australasian Record, September 4, 1939. ———. “Revisiting the Solomons.” Australasian Record, May 5, 1947. “The Advent Herald.” Australasian Record, June 1, 1914. “The ‘Montoro’ sailing . . .” Australasian Record, December 3, 1945. “The S.S. ‘Minindi’ arrived in Sydney . . .” Australasian Record, October 4, 1920. Thrift, Lyn[don R.]. “A Visit to Betikama Missionary School.” Australasian Record, August 23, 1948. Totenhofer, Evelyn R. “A Busy Time at Batuna, Solomon Islands.” Australasian Record, November 22, 1926. ———. “A Missionary Tour.” Australasian Record, July 13, 1931. ———. “Batuna School, Solomon Islands.” Australasian Record, June 28, 1926. ———. “Building a New School and Hospital, Batuna, Solomon Islands.” Australasian Record, January 11, 1937. ———. “Dedication of the Marovo New Testament.” Australasian Record, January 5, 1942. Turner, W. G[ordon]. “The Lord Using the Youth.” The Missionary Leader, December 1923. ———. “What Hath God Wrought?” Australasian Record, August 27, 1923. Turner, W. G[ordon], and T. W[illiam] Hammond. “The Land Enquiry in the Solomon Islands.” Australasian Record, August 27, 1923. Tutty, R[obert] H. “Some Experiences at the Dobeli Mission, Solomon Islands.” Australasian Record, April 19, 1920. Voice of Hope. Hope FM 88.1, February 26, 2015. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.co./HopeFM88.1/. “We are pleased to announce . . .” Australasian Record, February 9, 1942. “We are pleased to pass . . .” Australasian Record, January 29, 1945. Wicks, H[arold] B. P. “Choiseul, Solomon Islands.” Australasian Record, January 1, 1922. ———. “Picture Rolls for the Solomon Islands.” Australasian Record, December 26, 1921. ———. “Pioneering in the Solomon Islands.” Australasian Record, December 8, 1924. ———. “Preparations for the New Training School in the Solomon Islands.” Australasian Record, October 8, 1923. ———. “Solomon Islands.” Australasian Record, September 27, 1926. ———. “Solomon Islands Mission.” Australasian Record, September 29, 1924. Wicks, H[arold B. P.], and M[adeleine] Wicks. “A Trip on the ‘Melanesia.’” Australasian Record, October 8, 1923. Wicks, M[adeleine]. “Sewing Machine Wanted for the Solomon Islands.” Australasian Record, June 22, 1925. Winch, Colin. “Aviation in the Western Pacific: 1970–1977.” Journal of Pacific Adventist History 9, no. 1 (December 2010).

NOTES 1. Michael Hugh Laracy and Sophie Foster, “Solomon Islands: History–Geography,” Britannia.com, August 11, 2018, accessed September 25, 2018, https://www.britannica.com/place/Solomon-Islands.? 2. “Life and Health in the New Hebrides,” Australasian Record, July 10, 1911, 3, 4.? 3. “Actions Taken by the Union Conference Council Held at Wahroonga, New South Wales, September 23 to October 3, 1913,” Australasian Record , October 13, 1913, 3.? 4. “Pastor G. F. Jones and wife . . . ,” Australasian Record, May 25, 1914, 8.? 5. “The Advent Herald,” Australasian Record, June 1, 1914, 8.? 6. G[riffiths] F. Jones, “Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, August 10, 1914, 4.? 7. Arthur F. Parker, “From the Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, October 30, 1933, 2, 3; J[ohn “Jack”] C. Radley, “Fifty Years Ago in the Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record and Advent World Survey, May 4, 1964, 1, 2.? 8. Ibid.? 9. “Brother C. H. Pretyman has just . . . ,” Australasian Record, November 9, 1914, 8.? 10. G[riffiths] F. Jones, “Viru Mission, Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, March 8, 1915, 8.? 11. G[riffiths] F. Jones, “The Solomon Islands—No.4,” Australasian Record, August 30, 1915, 3, 4.? 12. O[scar] V. Hellestrand, “Mission Work in the Solomons,” The Missionary Leader, January 1916, 19, 20.? 13. “Pastor Jones, in writing . . . ,” Australasian Record, June 19, 1916, 8.? 14. “In the mail just received . . . ,” Australasian Record, March 6, 1916, 8.? 15. L[ilian] Nicholson, “The Mission School in the Marovo Lagoon, Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, January 24, 1916, 4.? 16. Lilian Nicholson, “Letter from Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, December 11, 1916, 3, 4.? 17. Ibid.? 18. G[riffiths] F. Jones, “Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, December 3, 1917, 2, 3.? 19. D[onald] Nicholson, “Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, May 28, 1917, 3, 4.? 20. H.B.P. Wicks Photograph Album, personal collection of Jenny (Wicks) Steley, 5.? 21. G[riffiths] F. Jones, “The “?‘Melanesia” in the Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, November 5, 1917, 3.? 22. G[riffiths] F. Jones, “First Annual Council, Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, February 25, 1918, 4.? 23. R[obert] H. Tutty, “Some Experiences at the Dobeli Mission, Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, April 19, 1920, 3.? 24. G[riffiths] F. Jones, “The Melanesian Mission,” Australasian Record, October 21, 1918, 53–56.? 25. D[onald] Nicholson, “Sabbath School in the Solomons,” The Missionary Leader, July 1919, 6, 7.? 26. [Barnabas] Pana, “Another Letter from Pana,” The Missionary Leader, August 1920, 7.? 27. “Brother and Sister H.B.P. Wicks . . . ,” Australasian Record, June 14, 1920, 6.? 28. “Pastor G. F. Jones has recently . . . ,” Australasian Record, October 13, 1919, 8.? 29. D[avid] H. Gray, “Gatokai, Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, August 9, 1920, 3.? 30. J[ohn “Jack” C.] Radley, “A Christian Wedding at Ugele (sic) Mission, Solomon Islands,” The Missionary Leader, August 1920, 7.? 31. “The S.S. ‘Minindi’ arrived in Sydney . . . ,” Australasian Record, October 4, 1920, 8.? 32. “Peo, our Solomon Islands brother . . . ,” Australasian Record, August 8, 1921, 8.? 33. H[arold] M. Blunden, “Report of Island Missions Secretary,” Australasian Record, October 9, 1922, 23–27.? 34. David [H.] Gray, “Joys and Sorrows of Mission Life,” Australasian Record, December 3, 1923, 5.? 35. H[arold] B. P. Wicks, “Picture Rolls for the Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, December 26, 1921, 4.? 36. H[arold] B. P. Wicks, “Choiseul, Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, January 1, 1922, 3, 4.? 37. W. G[ordon] Turner, “What Hath God Wrought?” Australasian Record, August 27, 1923, 4, 5.? 38. H[arold B. P.] Wicks and M[adeleine] Wicks, “A Trip on the ‘Melanesia,’” Australasian Record, October 8, 1923, 2, 3.? 39. W. G[ordon] Turner and T. W[illiam] Hammond, “The Land Enquiry in the Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, August 27, 1923, 2, 3.? 40. H[arold] B. P. Wicks, “Solomon Islands Mission,” Australasian Record, September 29, 1924, 5.? 41. F[rancis] A. Allum, “The Annual Council, 1923,” Australasian Record, November 12, 1923, 2–6.? 42. W. G[ordon] Turner, “The Lord Using the Youth,” The Missionary Leader, December 1923, 5, 6.? 43. H[arold] B. P. Wicks, “Preparations for the New Training School in the Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, October 8, 1923, 6.? 44. A. R[obert] Barrett, “The Solomon Islands Training School,” The Missionary Leader, June 1924, 8.? 45. A. R[obert] Barrett, “Our Training School in the Solomons,” Australasian Record, October 27, 1924, 3.? 46. C. M. Lee, “Solomon Islands Training School, Batuna,” Australasian Record, July 5, 1926, 5.? 47. A. R[obert] Barrett, “Wonderful Faithfulness,” Australasian Record, March 9, 1925, 3.? 48. M[adeleine] Wicks, “Sewing Machine Wanted for the Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, June 22, 1925, 6.? 49. Evelyn R. Totenhofer, “Batuna School, Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, June 28, 1926, 4, 5.? 50. Evelyn R. Totenhofer, “A Busy Time at Batuna, Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, November 22, 1926, 4.? 51. Cecile Stellmaker, “Our Trip to Choiseul,” Australasian Record, February 10, 1930, 3, 4; G[erald] Peacock, “Batuna Sawmill, Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, June 16, 1930, 4.? 52. A. W[alter] Martin, “Church Dedication at Buini Tusu, Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, June 11, 1934, 4.? 53. A. R[obert] Barrett, “Dedication of the New Press at Batuna, Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, July 25, 1932, 8.? 54. H[arold] B. P. Wicks, “Pioneering in the Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, December 8, 1924, 2, 3.? 55. [Guinevere] Anderson, “Malaita,” The Missionary Leader, April 1926, 4, 5.? 56. J[ohn] D. Anderson, “Malaita, Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, September 20, 1926, 4.? 57. H[arold] B. P. Wicks, “Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, September 27, 1926, 12, 13.? 58. Jugha, “Letter from a Pioneer Native Worker,” Australasian Record, July 18, 1927, 4.? 59. A[ndrew] G. Stewart, “A Visit to the Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, June 20, 1927, 1, 2.? 60. G[erald] Peacock, “Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, October 6, 1930, 7.? 61. Evelyn R. Totenhofer, “A Missionary Tour,” Australasian Record, July 13, 1931, 2, 3.? 62. A[lexander] J. Campbell, “Ysabel, Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, August 29, 1932, 3, 4.? 63. J[ohn] D. Anderson, “General Meeting in the Solomons,” Australasian Record, January 8, 1934, 3, 4.? 64. James E. Cormack, “The Battle Is On at Simbo,” Australasian Record, April 24, 1939, 4.? 65. A. R[obert] Barrett, “Past and Present in the Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, June 10, 1940, 3, 4.? 66. L[udwig] A. Borgas, “Visit to Rennell Islands,” Australasian Record, February 6, 1933, 3, 4.? 67. L[udwig] A. Borgas, “Second Visit to Rennell Islands,” Australasian Record, June 26, 1933, 3, 4.? 68. L[udwig] A. Borgas, “Interesting Developments Regarding,” Australasian Record, November 12, 1934, 3.? 69. Dorothy I. Parker, “A Remarkable Home Coming,” Australasian Record, March 18, 1935, 2.? 70. E[rwin] E. Roenfelt, “Continued Advancement,” Australasian Record, June 23, 1941, 3.? 71. A. W[alter] Martin, “A Letter and Its Sequel,” Australasian Record, October 13, 1941, 5.? 72. A[lbert] H. Piper, “A New Island Entered,” Australasian Record, November 22, 1937, 4.? 73. A[lbert] H. Piper, “A Sabbath in the Solomons,” Australasian Record, July 8, 1935, 2.? 74. “Statistical Report of the Mission Field of the Australasian Division for the Year Ended December 31, 1935,” Australasian Record, July 13, 1936, supplement.? 75. “Pastors W. G. Turner, N. A. Ferris . . . ,” Australasian Record, May 11, 1936, 8.? 76. L. A. Hansen, “Chief Kata Rangoso: An Interesting Itinerary,” ARH, October 15, 1936, 19–22.? 77. “Ex-Cannibal Chief Tells of Children Sacrificed,” Australasian Record, November 2, 1936, 3.? 78. Evelyn R. Totenhofer, “Building a New School and Hospital, Batuna, Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, January 11, 1937, 8.? 79. [Dorothy I.] Parker, “Home Letters from Doctor Parker,” Australasian Record, December 7, 1936, 3, 4.? 80. “Nurse Totenhofer writes from Batuna . . . ,” Australasian Record, July 19, 1937, 8.? 81. Edmund [W.] Finkle, “Establishing the Amyes Memorial Hospital,” Australasian Record, June 27, 1938, 2, 3.? 82. A[ndrew] G. Stewart, “Dedication of Amyes Memorial Hospital,” Australasian Record, September 4, 1939, 3, 4.? 83. Evelyn R. Totenhofer, “Dedication of the Marovo New Testament,” Australasian Record, January 5, 1942, 3.? 84. “We are pleased to announce . . . ,” Australasian Record, February 9, 1942, 8.? 85. J. C. H[amley] Perry, “Solomon Islands to Australia on the ‘Melanesia,’?” Australasian Record, March 30, 1942, 3.? 86. “A planter from the Marovo . . . ,” Australasian Record, July 13, 1942, 8.? 87. “Battle of Guadalcanal: World War ?,” Encyclopaedia Britannica, December 15, 2016, accessed April 2, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Guadalcanal.? 88. [Kata] Rangoso, “How 213 Soldiers and Airmen Were Saved from Death in the Solomons,” Australasian Record, January 13, 1947, 2, 3.? 89. Harry Bolser, “A South Sea Island Rescue,” ARH, September 9, 1943, 3, 4.? 90. Alex Lianga, “More Letters from the Solomons,” Australasian Record, February 28, 1944, 6.? 91. H[arold] E. Piper, “Our Annual Offering Objectives,” Australasian Record, April 16, 1945, 8.? 92. Norman [A.] Ferris, “Faith Strengthened in the Solomons,” Australasian Record, January 14, 1946, 5.? 93. Gerald Greer and J. Shidler, “Pastor Rore Visits Servicemen’s Chapel,” Australasian Record, August 14, 1944, 6, 7.? 94. [Kata] Rangoso, “They Remained True to God,” Australasian Record, October 28, 1946, 5.? 95. Kata Rangoso, “War Years in the Solomons,” Australasian Record, May 6, 1946, 4, 5.? 96. “We are pleased to pass . . . ,” Australasian Record, January 29, 1945, 8.? 97. “The ‘Montoro’ sailing . . . ,” Australasian Record, December 3, 1945, 8.? 98. A[ndrew] G. Stewart, “Revisiting the Solomons,” Australasian Record, May 5, 1947, 3.? 99. Lyn[don R.] Thrift, “A Visit to Betikama Missionary School,” Australasian Record, August 23, 1948, 4.? 100. T[homas] C. Lawson, “Medical Work in the Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, August 4, 1977, 5.? 101. Gweneth M. Long, “Dedication of Leper Colony, Kukudu, Solomon Islands,” Australasian Record, June 5, 1950, 6.? 102. A[ubrey] R. Mitchell, “Opening of Atoifi Adventist Hospital, Malaita,” Australasian Record and Advent World Survey, January 23, 1967, 1, 2.? 103. R[obert] R. Frame, “Tragic Death of Medical Missionary, Brian Dunn,” Australasian Record and Advent World Survey, January 24, 1966, 1, 2.? 104. Brenton Stacey, “Missionary Murdered in the Solomons,” Record, June 7, 2003, 5.? 105. “A Servant of God and a Friend to Man,” Australasian Record and Advent World Survey, August 15, 1979, 1, 18.? 106. “Clinics and Dispensaries,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Nampa, Idaho.: Pacific Press Publishing Association, 2017): 720–728.? 107. “Our readers will be pleased . . . ,” Australasian Record, July 17, 1950, 8; Robert Dixon, “The Pacific Islands,” in Seventh-day Adventists in the South Pacific: 1885-1985, ed. Noel [P.] Clapham (Warburton, VIC: Signs Publishing Company, [1985]), 225.? 108. Colin Winch, “Aviation in the Western Pacific: 1970–1977,” Journal of Pacific Adventist History 9, no. 1 (December 2010): 20–26.? 109. W[illiam I.] Liversidge, “New Opportunities on Solomons Radio,” Australasian Record and Advent World Survey, April 5, 1976, 7.? 110. Christian Copaceanu, “Radio in the South Pacific,” Hope Channel, accessed March 8, 2019, https://www.hopechannel.com/au/read/radio-in-the- south-pacific.? 111. “Voice of Hope,” Hope FM 88.1, February 26, 2015, accessed April 8, 2019, https://www.facebook.com/HopeFM88.1/? 112. Tracey Bridcutt, “Doctors Receive Discipleship Training,” Adventist Record, May 19, 2018, 7.? 113. Tracey Bridcutt, “Adventist Church Trailblazing Lifestyle Medicine in the Pacific,” Adventist Record, October 20, 2018, 6.? 114. Tracey Bridcutt, “First CHEP Training in the Islands,” Adventist Record, September 22, 2018, 7.? 115. Chester Kuma, email message to Milton Hook, January 8, 2019.? 116. “Nathan Rore,” Journal of Pacific Adventist History 4, no. 2 (December 2004): 20.?

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