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The Problem of a Full Employment Economy
Working Paper No. 04-02 The problem of a full employment economy Victor Quirk1 March 2004 Centre of Full Employment and Equity The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia Home Page: http: //e1.newcastle.edu.au/coffee Email: [email protected] 1. Introduction 1.1 The problem 6th September 1971 “The almost complete elimination of long-term unemployment has had the effect when combined with the minimum wage provisions of the Australian Arbitration system of giving most Australian workers and their families a wide measure of insurance against poverty and deprivation. At the same time it enabled each individual to choose from a wide range of jobs the work opportunity he most preferred and is most suited for – thus greatly increasing job satisfaction and self- fulfilment. The maintenance of full employment through a policy of sustained economic growth has not only increased the standard of living for workers. It has also increased the capacity of the economy to provide welfare assistance to the aged, the invalid, the widowed and the sick.” Liberal Minister for Employment and National Service, Phillip Lynch (Lynch 1971) The perspective of this paper may seem strange to those who see unemployment as a problem. Those of us with personal exposure to the issue, because we have been unemployed or have known unemployed people, either socially or through our work, have little doubt that it is a demoralising phenomenon. In thousands of studies over the past century, unemployment has been associated with all forms of human misery, including poverty, crime, substance abuse, physical and mental health problems (particularly depression) and other indicators of social malaise such as family breakdown and suicide (BLMR 1986: 153). -
Australian Democrats.[1]
CHIPP, Donald Leslie (1925–2006)Senator, Victoria, 1978–86 (Austral... http://biography.senate.gov.au/chipp-donald-leslie/ http://biography.senate.gov.au/chipp-donald-leslie/ Don Chipp's Senate career almost never happened. Dropped from Malcolm Fraser's Liberal Party ministry in December 1975, he turned this career blow into an opportunity to fight for the causes in which he believed. The result of Chipp's personal and political upheaval was the creation of a third force in Australian politics, the Australian Democrats.[1] Donald Leslie Chipp was born in Melbourne on 21 August 1925, the first child of Leslie Travancore Chipp and his wife Jessie Sarah, née McLeod. Don's father Les was a fitter and turner who later became a foreman. With Les in regular employment during the 1930s, the Chipp family was cushioned from some of the harsher aspects of the Depression years. However, the economic downturn must have had some impact, because Don remembered his father saying to his four boys that 'When you all grow up, I want you to be wearing white collars. White collars, that's what you should aim at'. Chipp matriculated from Northcote High School at the age of fifteen, then worked as a clerk for the State Electricity Commission (SEC). He also began studying part-time for a Bachelor of Commerce at the University of Melbourne. In 1943, at age eighteen, he joined the Royal Australian Air Force, and spent much of the last two years of the Second World War undergoing pilot training within Australia. Discharged as a Leading Aircraftman in September 1945, Chipp took advantage of the Commonwealth Reconstruction Training Scheme which provided ex-service personnel with subsidised tuition and living allowances. -
THE 'RAZOR GANG' Decisions, the GUIDELINES to THE
THE 'RAZOR GANG' DECISiONS, Granl Harman In this paper, I discuss the political-administrative A third consideration is that the Prime Minister's Centre for the Study of Higher Education, context in which the Government's decisions were leadership is by no means secure in the long term. THE GUIDELINES University 01 Melbourne made, summarize the main decisions with regard to One possible partial explanation for the decisions is TO THE COMMISSIONS, education, and comment on the significance and that the Prime Minister needed to demonstrate in a possible consequences with regard to four topics: relatively dramatic fashion his ability and wiUingness AND COMMONWEALTH the future of Commonwealth involvement in educa to be a leader of action, and to take tough decisions. tion; funding for tertiary education; the introduction of Significantly the 'Razor Gang' decisions affect all EDUCATION POLICY tuition fees in universities and CAEs; and the rational portfolios, but in cases such as the Department of ization of single-purpose teacher education CAEs. Prime Minister and Cabinet the 'cuts' appear to be largely cosmetic. Political~Administrative Context Introduction has there been such a sudden and extensive planned In terms of the general political context with regard to Fourth, for various reasons education generally no In recent months the Commonwealth Government cut in government programs, and such a sweeping the two sets of decisions, four points should be kept longer commands the same degree of support that it has announced two sets of important and far elimination of government committees and agencies. in mind. In the first place, it is clear that the Govern appeared to enjoy during the late 1960s. -
William Mcmahon: the First Treasurer with an Economics Degree
William McMahon: the first Treasurer with an economics degree John Hawkins1 William McMahon was Australia’s first treasurer formally trained in economics. He brought extraordinary energy to the role. The economy performed strongly during McMahon’s tenure, although there are no major reforms to his name, and arguably pressures were allowed to build which led to the subsequent inflation of the 1970s. Never popular with his cabinet colleagues, McMahon’s public reputation was tarnished by his subsequent unsuccessful period as prime minister. Source: National Library of Australia.2 1 The author formerly worked in the Domestic Economy Division, the Australian Treasury. This article has benefited from comments provided by Selwyn Cornish and Ian Hancock but responsibility lies with the author and the views are not necessarily those of Treasury. 83 William McMahon: the first treasurer with an economics degree Introduction Sir William McMahon is now recalled by the public, if at all, for accompanying his glamorous wife to the White House in a daringly revealing outfit (hers not his). Comparisons invariably place him as one of the weakest of the Australian prime ministers.3 Indeed, McMahon himself recalled it as ‘a time of total unpleasantness’.4 His reputation as treasurer is much better, being called ‘by common consent a remarkably good one’.5 The economy performed well during his tenure, but with the global economy strong and no major shocks, this was probably more good luck than good management.6 His 21 years and four months as a government minister, across a range of portfolios, was the third longest (and longest continuously serving) in Australian history.7 In his younger days he was something of a renaissance man; ‘a champion ballroom dancer, an amateur boxer and a good squash player — all of which require, like politics, being fast on his feet’.8 He suffered deafness until it was partly cured by some 2 ‘Portrait of William McMahon, Prime Minister of Australia from 1971-1972/Australian Information Service’, Bib ID: 2547524. -
Prince Philip Knighthood Is Heck of an Own Goal for Tony Abbott
Prince Philip knighthood is heck of an own goal for Tony Abbott THE AUSTRALIAN JANUARY 28, 2015 12:00AM Janet Albrechtsen Columnist Sydney THERE is no polite way to describe the Prime Minister’s decision to award a knighthood to Prince Philip. Let’s opt for a rough Latin phrase that sums up the comments of some of Tony Abbott’s close Liberal MPs: Caput ex ano extrahe. It’s something about a head being within close proximity of a backside. And when you get text messages from conservative friends in Queensland asking, “Has Tony completely lost the plot?” you know 2015 is starting out as an annus horribilis for Abbott and the government. The unanswered question is: why? If the PM didn’t foresee that this decision would be controversial, raise questions about his judgment and potentially damage his leadership, you have to ask: why not? If the PM knew all of that, you have to ask why he did it. Clearly the uproar is not simply on social media. The criticism extends beyond anonymous graffiti on the side of a building, as the PM has described it. Abbott’s captain’s call picked an unnecessary fight over a minor issue on Australia Day when MPs would be chatting among themselves and with voters at functions. The common sentiment was utter bewilderment. The year needed to kick off with a great start. A good start was not enough. Instead, it’s kicked off with one heck of an own goal. And the eternal lesson of politics is that people can hate you, even distrust you, but when people, apart from your usual critics, start to ridicule you, it’s difficult to recover. -
Gough Whitlam, a Moment in History
Gough Whitlam, A Moment in History By Jenny Hocking: The Miegunyah Press, Mup, Carlton Victoria, 2008, 9780522111 Elaine Thompson * Jenny Hocking is, as the media release on this book states, an acclaimed and accomplished biographer and this book does not disappoint. It is well written and well researched. My only real complaint is that it should be clearer in the title that it only concerns half of Gough Whitlam’s life, from birth to accession the moment of the 1972 election. It is not about Whitlam as prime minister or the rest of his life. While there are many books about Whitlam’s term as prime minister, I hope that Jenny Hocking will make this book one of a matched pair, take us through the next period; and that Gough is still with us to see the second half of his life told with the interest and sensitivity that Jenny Hocking has brought to this first part. Given that this is a review in the Australasian Parliamentary Review it seems appropriate to concentrate a little of some of the parliamentary aspects of this wide ranging book. Before I do that I would like to pay my respects to the role Margaret Whitlam played in the story. Jenny Hocking handles Margaret’s story with a light, subtle touch and recognizes her vital part in Gough’s capacity to do all that he did. It is Margaret who raised the children and truly made their home; and then emerges as a fully independent woman and a full partner to Gough. The tenderness of their relationship is indicated by what I consider a lovely quote from Margaret about their first home after their marriage. -
Leslie Bury — from Treasury to Treasurer
Leslie Bury — from Treasury to Treasurer John Hawkins1 Les Bury was a Treasury employee who rose to become Treasurer. Although one of the best qualified treasurers, with a serious interest in economics, he only had a short time in the job and was by most accounts well past his peak before he became treasurer. He was ahead of his time in advocating broader measures of wellbeing, taking steps towards replacing some income tax with indirect tax and supporting the compilation of forward estimates. Source: National Archives of Australia2 1 The author formerly worked in the Domestic Economy Division, the Australian Treasury. This article has benefited from information provided by Jonathan Holmes, Keeper of the Records at Queens’ College, Cambridge, and comments, information, reminiscences and suggestions provided by Mike Bury, Nick Bury, Selwyn Cornish, Ian Hancock, Alex Millmow and John Wanna. The views in this article are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Australian Treasury. 2 Portrait of Leslie Bury, Minister for Labour and National Service in the Australian Federal Parliament, National Archives of Australia: A1200, L29420. 113 Leslie Bury: from Treasury to Treasurer Introduction Bury was a Treasury employee who rose to become Treasurer.3 He was also the first professional economist to hold the post. Indeed he has been called ‘among treasurers, the one best qualified as an economist’.4 But unfortunately this was not enough to guarantee success as by the time he held the post his health had deteriorated. Bury admired ‘the greatest economist of all time, Adam Smith.’5 He had a ‘close interest in economics’ since schooldays.6 But he once said of it, ‘…if one pursues the learned journals in this subject, both the abstractions of the arguments and the passion of the disputants recall to mind the theological controversies of long ago. -
House of Representatives By-Elections 1902-2002
INFORMATION, ANALYSIS AND ADVICE FOR THE PARLIAMENT INFORMATION AND RESEARCH SERVICES Current Issues Brief No. 15 2002–03 House of Representatives By-elections 1901–2002 DEPARTMENT OF THE PARLIAMENTARY LIBRARY ISSN 1440-2009 Copyright Commonwealth of Australia 2003 Except to the extent of the uses permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means including information storage and retrieval systems, without the prior written consent of the Department of the Parliamentary Library, other than by Senators and Members of the Australian Parliament in the course of their official duties. This paper has been prepared for general distribution to Senators and Members of the Australian Parliament. While great care is taken to ensure that the paper is accurate and balanced, the paper is written using information publicly available at the time of production. The views expressed are those of the author and should not be attributed to the Information and Research Services (IRS). Advice on legislation or legal policy issues contained in this paper is provided for use in parliamentary debate and for related parliamentary purposes. This paper is not professional legal opinion. Readers are reminded that the paper is not an official parliamentary or Australian government document. IRS staff are available to discuss the paper's contents with Senators and Members and their staff but not with members of the public. Published by the Department of the Parliamentary Library, 2003 I NFORMATION AND R ESEARCH S ERVICES Current Issues Brief No. 15 2002–03 House of Representatives By-elections 1901–2002 Gerard Newman, Statistics Group Scott Bennett, Politics and Public Administration Group 3 March 2003 Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of Murray Goot, Martin Lumb, Geoff Winter, Jan Pearson, Janet Wilson and Diane Hynes in producing this paper. -
Inside the Canberra Press Gallery: Life in the Wedding Cake of Old
INSIDE the CANBERRA PRESS GALLERY Life in the Wedding Cake of Old Parliament House INSIDE the CANBERRA PRESS GALLERY Life in the Wedding Cake of Old Parliament House Rob Chalmers Edited by Sam Vincent and John Wanna THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY E PRESS E PRESS Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at: http://epress.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Chalmers, Rob, 1929-2011 Title: Inside the Canberra press gallery : life in the wedding cake of Old Parliament House / Rob Chalmers ; edited by Sam Vincent and John Wanna. ISBN: 9781921862366 (pbk.) 9781921862373 (ebook) Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index. Subjects: Australia. Parliament--Reporters and Government and the press--Australia. Journalism--Political aspects-- Press and politics--Australia. Other Authors/Contributors: Vincent, Sam. Wanna, John. Dewey Number: 070.4493240994 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU E Press Back cover image courtesy of Heide Smith Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2011 ANU E Press Contents Acknowledgments . vii Foreword . ix Preface . xi 1 . Youth . 1 2 . A Journo in Sydney . 9 3 . Inside the Canberra Press Gallery . 17 4 . Menzies: The giant of Australian politics . 35 5 . Ming’s Men . 53 6 . Parliament Disgraced by its Members . 71 7 . Booze, Sex and God . -
Working Paper 15/2020 November 2020
Crawford School of Public Policy TTPI Tax and Transfer Policy Institute Post-war tax reviews and the Asprey Blueprint TTPI - Working Paper 15/2020 November 2020 Paul Tilley Visiting Fellow Tax and Transfer Policy Institute, Crawford School of Public Policy The Australian National University Abstract After World War II, international attention turned to economic reconstruction and the transition back to peace-time. As Australia settled into the 1950s and 1960s ‘golden years’ there wasn’t an obvious imperative to tackle basic economic reform and tax design issues. Underlying structural problems were building, though, that would ultimately call for an economic reform agenda and tax would be part of that. This paper tracks these developments, looking at some limited tax reviews along the way but the main focus will be on the 1975 Asprey review which provided a blueprint for reform of the Australian tax system. Its recommendations for a capital gains tax, a fringe benefits tax, a foreign tax credit system, dividend imputation and a value added tax would take 25 years to implement. Keywords: tax, reform, economic, public finance, government * Sincere thanks to Greg Smith, Robert Carling, Geoff Leeper and Brant Pridmore as referees for the paper and to Professor Robert Breunig and Diane Paul at the TTPI for guiding the work and running the seminar on the paper. Author contact is [email protected] THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Tax and Transfer Policy Institute Crawford School of Public Policy College of Asia and the Pacific +61 2 6125 9318 [email protected] The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia www.anu.edu.au The Tax and Transfer Policy Institute (TTPI) is an independent policy institute that was established in 2013 with an endowment from the federal government. -
Dr. John Robert HEWSON Leader of the Opposition 3 April 1990 to 23 May 1994
119 Dr. John Robert HEWSON Leader of the Opposition 3 April 1990 to 23 May 1994 John Hewson became the 24th Leader of the Opposition when the Liberal Party was defeated in the 1990 federal election by the Labor Government led by Prime Minister Bob Hawke. He succeeded Andrew Peacock. Member of the House of Representatives for Wentworth (NSW) 1987-95, Shadow Minister for Industry, Commerce, Infrastructure and Customs 1994, Shadow Minister for Finance 1988-89, Shadow Treasurer 1980-90. Replaced as Leader of the Opposition in 1994 by Alexander Downer. As Opposition Leader In 1991 he produced Fightback a comprehensive manifesto which committed the Liberal Party to far-reaching free market reform, and included a proposal for a 15 per cent goods and services tax (GST). Strongly argued for a move away from much of the Medicare system. Proposed patients meet a much higher share of their individual costs and that bulk billing be limited to pensioners and welfare recipients. During the 1993 election campaign, Hewson was unable to answer a question about whether or not a birthday cake levied with the GST would cost more or less under the Coalition. He stumbled over his response saying it depended if the cake was decorated or not, or had ice cream in it. This was later cited by a number of media commentators as the moment Hewson lost the election. Political life From 1976 to 1983 employed as economic adviser to Treasurers Phillip Lynch and John Howard. Personal life Born 28 October 1946 in Sydney, New South Wales. Educated at Kogarah High School, then at the University of Sydney graduating in economics. -
The Leader of the Opposition
The Leader of the Opposition ‘…just as there can be no good or stable government without a sound majority, so there will be a dictatorial government unless there is the constant criticism of an intelligent, active, and critical opposition.’ –Sir Robert Menzies, 1948 The practice in Australia is for the leader of the party or coalition that can secure a majority in the House of Representatives to be appointed as Prime Minister. The leader of the largest party or Hon. Dr. H.V. Evatt coalition outside the government serves as Leader of the Opposition. Leader of the Opposition 1951 - 1960 The Leader of the Opposition is his or her party’s candidate for Prime National Library of Australia Minister at a general election. Each party has its own internal rules for the election of a party leader. Since 1967, the Leader of the Opposition has appointed a Shadow Ministry which offers policy alternatives and criticism on various portfolios. The Leader of the Opposition is, by convention, always a member of the House of Representatives and sits opposite the Prime Minister in the chamber. The Senate leader of the opposition party is referred to as the Leader of the Opposition in the Senate, even if they lead a majority of Senators. He or she usually has a senior Shadow Ministry role. Australia has an adversarial parliamentary system in which the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition face off against one another during debates in the House of Representatives. The Opposition’s role is to hold the government accountable to the people and to Parliament, as well as to provide alternative policies in a range of areas.