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15942 · CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 29 for my part, I cannot let this day go by for that-both the statements, offered RECESS without making the observations which in all humility and seriousness, and in Mr. SCHOEPPEL. Mr. President, as a. I have now made. I am satisfied, let me hope, too, by the Senator from Wyoming further mark of respect to the memory say, from inquiries that I have made, and by the Senator from Washington, o!' the deceased Representative, I move that our military officials· are and have are deserving of some consideration and that the Senate do now take a recess been giving consideration to this matter, thought by others among our colleagues, until tomorrow at 12 o'clock noon. but there must not be delay. by some of those in the executive branch, The motion was agreed to; and Cat 5 We must speak. We are the last de­ and by a good many other Americans. o'clock and 58 minutes p. m.) the Senate f enders of freedom with the power to act. If they give rise to questions leading to took a recess until tomorrow, Wednesday, We have the weapon. It is the atomic action that will commit us-if that is the November 29, 1950, at 12 o'clock meridian. bomb. We have it. We have tried to right word-with the help of our allies, maintain the secret of the bomb. We many of whom are not yet on board, to have not been particularly successful, win what has been started, what we have because the spies have been at work begun this afternoon will have been SENATE Eeeking the information and getting it. worth while. I have appreciated listen­ ing to the remarks of the Senator from We have tried the remedies of the courts. WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 1950 We have arrested and convicted spies. Wyoming. \ \ 1 e have arrested and we have tried the DEATH OF REPRESENTATIVE HERBERT A. (Legislative day of Monday, November Communist leaders in the . MEYER, OF KANSAS 27, 1950) We have moved through all the patterns of legal action established by free na­ The PRESIDING OFFICER laid before The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, the Senate the following resolution

I, · 15956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 29 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there There being no objection, the table accounts for three persons in the popu­ objection to the request of the Senator was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, lation-which is doubtful, in view of the from New Mexico? · as follows: type of employment involved, shortages <>f housing, and the resultant tendency. Data relative to the admission of States to the Union with particular reference to the 1 to employ both husband and wife where first legislation introduced in Congress for that purpose · possible-then Government employment does not account for a quarter of the Time lapse, population. State• Organic a.ct a First bill• Enabling act 6 bill and en· abling.act The recent census figures indicate a. general population growth in communi­ Years ties with little or no Government em­ New Mexico·------Sept. 9, 1850 . Feb. 18, 1861 June 20, 1910 49 ployment. Seward, with an increase of· Utah .. ------.: .... do ______do______July 16, 1894 33 "a. •. ·------'---- Feb. 24, 1863 Jan. 30, 1882 June 20, 1910 28 approximately 100 percent, ·enjoyed Montana.------May 26, 1864 Feb. 25, 1868 Feb. 22, 1889 21 rate of growth second only to Anchorage, Oklahoma______May 2, 1890 Jan. 25, 1892 June 16, 1906 14 Colorado______Feb. 28, 1861 Dec. 22, 1862 Mar. 3, 1875 .. 12 and has practically no direct Govern­ North Dakota·------Mar. 2, 1861 Oct. 29, 1877 Feb. 22, 1889 11 ment employment, although it is a.tiect­ 0 0 11 ed by the increased tonnage of freight . ~:~J~~~~::::::~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ·M:ar~ -2:is53· ·nec~ 1o:is77- :::::~~==~::::: 11 Idaho______Mar. 3, 1863 Jan. 30, 1882 July 3, 1890 s- induced directly and indirectly by Gov­ Florida ______:______Mar. 30, 1822 May 11, 1838 Mar. 3, 1845 7 ernment construction programs along MississippL------.. . Apr. 7, 1798 Feb. 4, 1811 Mar. 1, 1817 6 Oregon ..•.••• ------Ang. 14, 1848 Apr. 18, 1854 Feb. 14, 1859 5 the Alaska Railroad. In southeastern 5 Alaska, Ketchikan enjoyed a very sub­ ~=ka::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -~~!d~~·-~~- ~t1:· ~~:mg ~a;~. ~: ~:! 4 Wyoming______July 25, 1868 Feb. 27, 1888 July 10, 1890 2 stantial growth of 10.8, while Juneau,· Michigan·------·------~------Jan. 11, 1805 May 12, 1834 June 15, 1836 2 the capital and center of government, MfasourL ••------June 4, 1812 Apr. 3, 1818 Mar. , 6, 1820 2 had a very slight increase of 1.6 percent. Nevada------Mar. 2, 1861 Dec. 22, 1862 Mar. 21, 1864 1 Louisiana______Mar. 26, 1804 Apr. 9, 1810 Feb. 20, 1811 1 These :figures include such diverse types Iowa______June 12, 1838 Apr. 2, 1844 Mar. 3, 1845 of employment as the personnel of the , Wisconsin.------Apr. 20, 1836 Jan. 13, 1846 Aug. 6, 1846 ·Indiana______May 7, 1800 Jan. 5, 1816 Apr. 19, 1816 ~~(6) Government-owned Alaska Railroad, Dlinois______Feb. 3. 1809 Jan. 23, 1818 Apr. 18, 1818 (6) ' who are directly suppor'ted by operating Arkansas------'------Mar. 2, 1819 Mar. 22, 1836 June 15, 1836 - (6) Alabama______Mar. 3, 1817 Dec. 18, 1818 Mar. 2, 1819 (6) revenues and by the local economy. Minnesota ______: ______Mar. 3, 1849 Dec. 24, 1856 Feb. 26, 1857 (6) Mr. MILLIKIN. Mr. President, will Ohio______July 13, 1787 Apr. 2, 1802 Apr. 30, 1802 (G) (6) the Senator yield? Tennessee------May 26, 1790 May 18, 1796 June 1, 1796 Mr. ANDERSON. I yield to the Sen­ ator from Colorado. l 1 29 States are llited above. The original 13 States have, of course, been omitted. Vermont, Kentucky, Maine, and West Virginia were formed from already existing States. California and Texas were acquired from foreign govern- Mr. MILLIKIN. I did not get the ments and did not pass through the Territorial stage. · :figure as to the Government employees. 1 2 States are listed under the names by which they are now known rather than by the name of the Territory from which they were formed. ' Did the Senator say what the number 1 was? I ! .f~~ ~o=~di~:s fii;!~rliest date at which a reference was found to a specffic bill, under consideratio~ by at, · least 1 of the 2 Houses of Congress, which provided -for admission or a Territory as a new State. Resolutions and Mr. ANDERSON. The statement was petitions addressed to the Congress by Territorial governments or residents have been excluded. Source of data: made that half the population was due Annals of Congress, 1789-1824; Register of Debates in Congress, 1824-37; Congressional Globe, 1833-73; CoNGRESSTON AL to Government employment. I am not RECORD 1873-1912. Since the early indexes were incomplete, it is possible that bills were introduced, but since they were not debated, did not appear in the index...... able to say what the figure is, except to • 6 Where there is more than 1 enabling act, the date or the earliest is given. Mariorie D. Pruitt, Leg1s1at1ve Reference point out that the population was 126,- Service typescript, Enabling Acts, June 18, 1943. • Less than 1 year. - 000, and the Government workers num­ bered 12,064. So it is about one-tenth. 1 Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. President, the governments, but going directly to the Counting three to the family, it would question arises, Why do we tie up the cities and municipalities. be about 30 percent. Congress at this time for a discussion of I was very greatly interested in the Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. President, will Alaska? Those who are advocates of speech made by the distinguished Sena­ the Senator yield? statehood for Alaska and Hawaii-and tor from Nebraska [Mr. BUTLER] on the. Mr. ANDERSON. I yield. I am one of them--do not desire to take pending question. I shall comment on Mr. BREWSTER. The Senator takes up the time of Congress. We would be his speech, and I desire to say, as many into account in his figures, does he not, ready to vote this afternoon, or tomor­ in the Senate know, that it has been my what might be called the collateral row afternoon, or the next afternoon, great profit and privilege to be a per­ population? I do not mean the families; without discussion of the bills. sonal friend of the senior Senator from I mean the ones who are there working Some idea of the confusion which ex­ · Nebraska for more than half my adult on Government jobs, who are not Gov-. ists may be gained from what happened life. I admire him, and I admire the ernment employees. By that I mean a while ago, when one of my colleagues very forthright way in which he spoke contract workers and workers of that r~ and asked if there were strong and yesterday upon this matter. But I must type. well-developed county governments in comment on some of the things he said. Mr. ANDERSON. That includes the Alaska. I listened carefully to the an­ He spoke ·of the population of Alaska. wage workers engaged in construction by swer dealing with that subject. and, quoting him, he said it was "some­ the Alaska Road Commission and civilian The truth is that there are no county where around 100,000. Nearly half are maintenance employees in the military governments in Alaska, and the hope is in Alaska only because Federal jobs have installations, yes, because the workers that there will be none, because the peo­ taken them there." The preliminary there are Government employees. ple of Alaskp, believe that the county gov­ census figures have been available for Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President. ~ill the ernment has become in some degree an some time, and the Senator might have Senator yield? unnecessary step in the process of han­ used them. The total for Alaska is indi­ Mr. ANDERSON. I yield. dling affairs in our States. All over this cated at 126,661-subject to some modi­ Mr. STENNIS. Can the Senator make land there are places where we have con­ fication. The rate of increase since the an estimate of how many individuals are sid~red city and county governments con­ last census is approximately . 74 per­ working for private contractors. . who are solidat~d. The old county government cent-the greatest increase in any ju­ engaged . on Government contracts? wo.rked very weL a hundred years ago, risdiction in the Nation. Of course, the Can the Senator shed any light on that Now there are many places in the United great defense program and supporting point? States where a county government is a governmental activities are accountable Mr. ANDERSON. No, Mr. President, liability, and people so regard it, and the for a substantial part of the increase, I cannot. people of this country, because they are but they are not solely responsible. How­ Again, the Senator from Nebraska progressive and forward-looking, ll.ave ever, the latest report of the Civil Serv­ was somewhat critical of conditions felt that they would like to see if it is ice Commission indicates that there were in Alaska, and he read some edito­ not possible to continue State govern­ 12,064 Government employees in Alaska rials which were from somewhat par­ ments without any intervening county as of December 1949. If each employee tisan, antiadministration newspapers in 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SBNATE 15957

Alaska. I quote this citation that he officials are elected. Alaskans elect If statehood were granted, the very mo~ent gave with reference to the Governor of their own attorney general, their treas­ that they wanted to do so, the labor group urer, their auditor, their highway engi­ could send to the Senate two of the most Alaska. He said: radical type of labor leaders. Governor Gruening is', of course, immune neer, their commissioner of labor; none from expressions of popular approval or dis­ of these is dependent on· the Governor. However, I am afraid that the Sena­ approval by the people of Alaska, since he In fact, the Governor has little or no tor's eloquence is not justified, for subse­ holds his position, apparently for life, by patronage and little or no power. quently in. summarizing the results of appointment.from Washington. The senior Senator from Nebraska the present elections in Alaska the Sen­ Mr. President, we all recall that in the stated in his speech that the expendi­ ator from Nebraska later in his speech spring of 1949 extensive hearings were tures of the Gruening-controlled leg­ says: held by the Senate Committee on In­ islature far exceeded tax revenues. Of The elections recently held in Alaska gives terior and Insular Affairs to determine course, the fact is that a comprehensive some indication that the people there can­ the record, the abilities, and the char­ tax system, which was long overdue, was not be controlled so easily. Of the Territorial acter of Gov. , who had enacted by a freely elected legislature in senate seats to be filled, six were won by Re­ 1949. However, this much-needed tax publicans, only two by Democrats. However, served two terms as Governor of Alaska there were six hold-over Democrats and only and had on both previous occasions been reform was beset by injunctions and two hold-over Republicans, with the result confirmed unanimously by the Senate. of . court action brought by the absentee in­ that, as I stated a while ago, the Territorial the United States. He had been twice terests which are now fighting statehoQd senate is still evenly balanced, 8 to B. appointed by President Roosevelt, and and which had resisted the payment of was reappointed in 1948 by President taxes for years. It is in large part due And later he remarks: Truman. That reappointment was made to Governor Gruening's leadership. that Even more significant, however, was the during the Eightieth Congress, and, for this situation has now been altered. The wholesale defeat of leading Gruening sup­ reasons best known to the senior Senator treasury of Alaska, I think, is in sound porters. from Nebraska, Governor Gruening's condition. Now I read that statement in connec­ nomination was not acted upon during The senior Senator from Nebraska tion with his previous statement that- that session. quoted an editorial from a partisan news­ If statehood were granted, the very mo­ In the Eighty-first Congress, how­ paper alleging that the board of admin­ ment that they wanted to do so, the labor ever, Governor Gruening's name was istration unfroze funds amounting to group would send to the Senate two of the brought forward and his nomination was some $561,000 in order to permit the most radical type of labor leaders. considered, and hearings were held. At construction program of the University I do not think we need to fear that if those hearings a great variety of wit .. of Alaska to proceed. The editorial in granted statehood Alaskans will react nesses appeared. One individual, who question charged that these funds were politically too differently from the way had some connection certainly with po­ released for political purposes. I do not in which residents of other States of the' litical life in Alaska, brought several think anything could be farther from Nation react. Certainly the political witnesses here, and they were given all the truth. In the first place, the board trends in Alaska over the years parallel the time they needed. What was the of administration is composed of six those of the Nation as a whole, and the result? A unanimous vote in favor of officials, of whom the Governor is only recent elections merely reemphasize this confirmation of Governor Gruening by one. Four of them, the territorial treas­ fact. In 1946 the Congress was Republi­ the Committee on Interior and Insular urer, the territorial auditor, the terri­ can as was· the territorial legislature iri Affairs consisting of seven Democrats torial highway engineer, and the attor­ Alaska; in 1948 the shift went in the and six Republicans. Not one dissenting ney general, are elected officials, wholly other direction and the Democrats re­ vote was recorded and the confirmation independent of the Governor, owing their gained control. In the elections for by the entire Senate which followed was office wholly to the people of Alaska. Alaskan Legislature this year, as in the likewise unanimous. Governor Gruen­ The fifth official, the commissioner of National Congress, there was shown a ing at that time had served for two education, is likewise independent of the shift which again foreshadowed national full terms of 4 years with the additional Governor. His appointment is by a boarq patterns as the elections were held a year brought about by the failure of the of five, appointed for 6-year terms and month prior to those in the States. Senate Committee on Interior and In­ confirmed by the legislature. To allege, Some concern has been expressed by sular Affairs in the Eightieth Congress as the senior Senator from Nebraska those who claim an apparent inability . to act on his nomination. He had there­ does, that when the board of administra­ on the part of Alaska to maintain itself fore served 9 years. He has been a vig­ tion acts it is the Governor acting, is as a State. I would be worried, too, if orous governor. Sometimes, perhaps, he • wholly unrelated to the facts. Governor I had not heard the testimony. I sug­ acts in such a fashion as to arouse op­ Gruening ·has just one vote out of six. gest that those who make such claim position; but there was no evidence What actually happened in this ease read the hearings, in which they will find whatever produced at the extended is that the board of regents of the Uni­ that persons from Alaska who knew their hearings which in the slightest degree versity of Alaska called a meeting earlier own budget well, presented it time after reflected on Governor Gruening's integ­ this fall to discu.ss the university's pro­ time and justified their belief that Alaska rity, ability, devotion, or in any way im­ gram for the coming year, and tele­ could function properly as a State. pugned the conduct of his office. graphed the board of administration, I now desire to turn to the comments If we were to make any criticism at asking for the release of $500,000 of all against statehood for Alaska, it made by my very distinguished friend, funds so that contracts could be entered the junior Senator from Mississippi seems to me it should be based on the into for construction during the coming claim that the legislature is controlled [Mr. STENNIS], and I call the Senate's building season beginning next spring. attention to the figures which he used by Governor Gruening. Personally I do The board of administration met, and relating to the area. He said: not think it is. I think the people of by unanimous vote acceded to this re­ Alaska elect their own legislatures freely quest. Nothing could be more wrong Yet it is proposed that those 1,500 square and without pressure. The fact is that miles in Alaska should be represented by two than any allegation that there is any­ Members of this great body. the Governor of Alaska has far less thing but a free, thoroughly democratic power than the governor of any State, form of government functioning in When did the idea start that States and indeed far less than the Governor Alaska. should be represented on the basis of of the sister . One of the main contentions the senior acreage ? Thin!{ of poor little Rhode The Organic Act of Hawaii permits Senator from Nebraska uses in justifica­ Island and what would happen to her if the Governor to appoint the heads of his tion of his opposition to the granting of representation in this body were based various administrative bureaus. The statehood is one which relates to the on acreage. I do not believe such a con­ Governor of Hawaii appoints the at­ political situation in Alaska. He asserts tention can be valid. torney general, the superintendent of that- · Much has been said about the military public works, the commissioner of pub­ The situation In regard to Alaska and Ha­ importance of Alaska. :i; refer particu­ lic lands, the treasurer, the auditor, waii is considerably like the situation we larly to the statement made in the. Sen­ the director of the department of labor, find in some of the States of the Union, ate by the Senator from Mississippi, dur­ and so on. That is not true in Alaska. where the labor group-and it is the most. ing his splendid address. It was a good In Alaska practically all the important radical labor group-controls the elections. address. I hope my distinguished friend 15958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--SENATE NOVEMBER 29 will take my assurance, as I gave~ simi­ Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, will the ritory. It is useful chiefly for the pr,o­ lar assurance in the case of the distin­ Senator yield for a question at this point? duction of oil. guished senior Senator from Nebraska, The PRESIDING OFFlCER (Mr. LEH­ I recognize that the statement to that what I .s·ay is not in any way un­ MAN in the chair). Does the Senator which the Senator·refers comes directly kindly said. I realize that the statement from New Mexico yield to the Senator :from minority views filed on the bill by of the Senator from Mississippi is based from Mississippi? the distinguished senior Senator from upon such information as he had. Hav­ M:r. ANDERSON. I yield. Nebraska [Mr. BUTLER]. I think perhaps ing sat through the hearings, I have dif­ Mr. STENNIS. Does the Senator t he difficulty is that the Senator from ferent and sometimes conflicting infor­ mean to argue that Alaska is connected NP.braska was referring to the forest mation. The Senator from Mississippi with the mainland of the United States lands in the Tongass National Forest, not said: of America and that the 500 or 600 miles to the 50,000,000 acres of land which Except for the general statement by the · intervening between the United States would be retained for oil development. President of the United States, made to the and Alaska now constitute a part of We have tried very hard to make sure Congress yesterday, that the granting of Alaska? that there can be development. So I call statehood to Alaska would greatly increase Mr. ANDERSON. No; but I think the attention again to this statement as it our military powers, and a general statement Senator well understands that the main­ appears in the speech of the Senator made by ex-Secretary of Defense Johnson, land is always recognized as being part when he appeared before the committee, I from Mississippi: have not found any military officer or any of the continent. It is true that the ter­ Mr. President, I am not complaining about military person who h as made a statement ritorial limits of Alaska do not touch the land being withheld. However, the land so in favor of this proposal. boundaries of the United States. No withheld would not be subject to the so­ doubt that is what the Senator meant. called great development which has been He then proceeds to quote an obscure Of course, Hawaii is in a different situa­ referred to. rear admiral who was brought in to tion in that respect. testify at the hearings. I do not say I cannot agree ·with that statement Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, will the because the land which would be with­ that the persons I have in mind are mili­ Senator yield for a further question? tary persons, but I give the Senator the held, so far as the forest land is con­ Mr. ANDERSON. Yes; I yield. cerned, chiefly is in the Tongass National name of Gen. Dwight Eisenhower, who Mr. STENNIS. Other than for a play in a recent speech made in Denver again Forest and some other national forests, on words, there is no misunderstanding and, as many persons know, every effort referred to the military importance of of the meaning of the Senator. He ·Alaska. I give the Senator from Mis­ has been made recently to develop pulp- . means contiguous territory, does he not? wood in that area. I think the thing sissippi the name of Gen. Douglas Mac­ Mr. ANDERSON. Yes; and of course Arthur, who is busy with military mat­ which will contribute most to that devel­ there is always the question of the im­ opment would be the granting of state­ ters, who has had the military impor- portance of taking in contiguous terri­ •tance of Alaska on his mind, as it has hood to Alaska, and that the thing which tory. would prevent its development would be been on mine. I give him ·the name of Further on in his speech, the Senator General MacArthur as a thoroughly qual­ the failure of Congress at this session to from Mississippi referred again to a take proper action in respect to granting ified expert. I give the Senator the name statement of the Senator from Nebraska of William Donovan, who has investi­ statehood to Alaska. when he said that if a vote were to be Mr. President, let me refer to subse­ gated the situation. I give him the name taken today in Alaska on the question of of Gen. Hap Arnold, deceased, who had quent statements which appear in the statehood, it would be approximately speech made to the Senate yesterday by a good deal to say about Alaska. · I give evenly divided. him the name of Robert Patterson, for­ the Senator from Mississippi. I am try­ Mr. President, I wish to say that is a ing to refer to as little of the speech as mer Secretary of War. I hope the Sen­ matter of opinion; but certainly all the ate weighs those names against the rep­ I can, in order to avoid burdening the contacts I had with people from Alaska RECORD. In the Senator's speech refer­ resentatives of absentee owners of in­ did· not persuade me of that. dustry in Alaska. ence was made to the decline in the pop­ I desire to refer briefly to the question ulation of Alaska from 1900 to 1930; the Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, will the of the great area of Alaska. There is Senator yield for a short question? Senator said there was a period of 30 particular reference to the fact that 20,- years when that decline occurred. Mr. ANDERSON. Yes. 000,000 of the best acres of forest land Of course, Mr. President, there was a Mr. STENNIS. Does the Senator have are exempted from the operations of the population decline during that period. at hand what was said by those whose bill. I do not know that they are ex­ In my o_pinion, it was due to the fact that names he has just given? Of course, I empted. They are retained as Govern­ • Alaska · was a Territory and had not know their names carry weight. I should ment forests, exactly as Government for­ achieved statehood. If it had achieved like to know what they said, if the Sena­ ests. have been retained in Montana, statehood, I think there might have been tor has it available. California, Washington, Oregon, Ari­ a great growth of population during that Mr. ANDERSON. I do not have it im­ zona, Colorado, and New Mexico. I do period. mediately available, but I can submit it not believe there was any argument A little later in his speech the Senator subsequently. I am not prepared now against the admission of those States . from Mississippi pointed out that- into the Union on the ground that for­ to present the statements of those in­ such a situation is not due to lack of law dividuals. ests had been retained by the Federal or the fact that the people in Alaska cannot There are a great many things in the Government. · vote for the President of the United States; speech of the Senator from Mississippi I now refer ·to a statement in the neither is it due to the fact that the flag of which I am sure were said with good speech of the . Senator from Mississippi the United States is not now flying over the grace. Here is a statement from the as it appears on page 15933 of the CON­ country, for it is flying there. It is due to Senator's speech: GRESSIONAL RECORD for yesterday, No­ the extreme climate and the hazardous living conditions. For the first time, the Senate of the United vember 28. At that point in his speech States is face to face with the proposition he said: Mr. President, I am not sure that state­ of taking action on the question of admit­ The Government would also withhold ment is correct, because there are great ting as a State within the United states an 50,000,000 acres of land for gas and oil de­ areas in Alaska where the climate is very area which is geographically unconnected velopment. I understand such land to be similar to that of the North Central with the mainland. the best and most valuable in the Territory. States and the Great Plains States. In a Mr. President, I am not sure what the Mr. Ptesident, I simply wish to suggest report on the Matanuska Valley I saw a geography of Alaska is, but my impres­ to the distinguished Senator from Mis­ statement that its climate is very similar sion was that Alaska was connected with sissippi that most of that oil land is in a to that of Illinois. My impression is that the mainland. I do not believe that con­ naval oil reserve which stretches around a great deal of the area could be devel­ dition has changed a bit since we had the Arctic Circle. A great deal of it is oped and should be developed. I am in­ our hearings. I think the Senator from covered with ice and snow. Most of it is terested in trying to say that one reason Mississippi has been misinformed as to absolutely unusable for any purpose, and why I believe that the motion to bring the geographical connection of Alaska it would not be regarded by me as the this bill before the Senate should be with the mainland. best and most valuable land in the Ter- agreed to is that, if the bill is brought 1950 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 15959 before the Senate, we can then develop Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, will try-and it has been my privilege to fly the facts with respect to Alaska and the the Senator yield. at this point for a brief over a great many of them un inspection facts with respect to Hawaii; and if we question? tours, including ne~rly all of them in the develop the facts, I believe that both Mr. ANDERSON. Yes, I yield. western section of the United States, in these Territories will, as they·should, be­ Mr. STENNIS. Will the Senator ex­ part at least-recognl.ze that when tim­ come States. I think it would be wrong plain why it is necessary for statehood ber becomes ripe it no longer grows; it for us not to agree to the pending motion legislation to be en~,cted in order to per­ begins to decay. . There are many ex­ and not to bring these bills to the floor mit Alaska to obtain the benefit of this amples of that in this particular area in of the Senate, because, in my opinion, pulpwood industry?· I really do not un­ Alaska, where development is long over- · the very fact of bringing them to the derstand that point. due. The country needs this resource floor would result in a development of Mr. ANDERSON. I do not know, ex­ now, and needs it badly. I say that we the facts which ·have related to these cept to say that many Territories which ought to.have it developed at the earliest areas for a long, long time. subsequently became States of the possible date. It is true that the colonization of the United States were held back and re­ Mr. President, with one final state­ Matanuska Valley has proceeded more tarded for years and years and years, ment, I shall conclude. Says the Sen­ slowly than many persons would have when they were Territories; but with the ator from Mississippi: desired. Yet I have talked to many farm­ granting of statehood, suddenly there The immediate question is, Are we going to ers who have been very happy with their came a gre?.t expansion. I am one of admit Alaska and Hawaii as States; and then, situation in that valley. We have au­ those who look at example after ex­ if we do, what is tlie reasoning whereby we . thorized the Matanuska project, which ample and believe that what happened can chop the process off and stop as to the is in the process of development; and in Nebraska, in New Mexico, in Oregon, others? when it is developed it will make possible and in Washington, is likely to happen In other words, he fears that Puerto the electrification of that area and also in Alaska. t believe that when Alaska Rico, Guam, and a great many other will provide some surplus water for the becomes a State and has two Senators on areas may want to come into the Union valley. When that project is completed this floor, :fighting for Alaska steadily, at once as States because of the prece­ it will greatly change conditions there. and when Hawaii becomes a State and dent of Alaska. It seems to me the Sen­ Let me refer to another portion of the has two Senators on the floor of the ator overlooks the fact that there is a speech made yesterday by the Senator Senate, representing it constantly, that difference in that the other areas lack from Mississippi. I hope I shall not do will make a great deal of difference for incorporation as Territories. The first any violence thereby. Of course, I my­ those two areas. step has not been taken. They are not self object to having other persons quote If I had the printed hearings before incorporated as Territories. Only Alas­ isolated sentences out of the context of me, I could give examples bearing on ka and Hawaii remain in that category. a speech I have made. If the Senator that point. However, let me say that Therefore, I see no great danger that from Mississippi feels that way about the when we ha"Cl the hearings, it was pointed anything which is adverse to the inter­ references I am making to his speech, he out that a certain defense project was ests of this country can result from the has my apology in advance, for I do not undertaken in Alaska, and that the passage of these bills. mean to proceed in that way. proper otficials of that Territory came to But, more important, I see every rea­ During his speech the Senator from Washington and pleaded with the mili­ son in the world to agree to the pending Mississippi said that he had reason to tary · authorities to handle that project · motion and consider both the Alaska believe that "gold mining is a rapidly de­ in a certain way. They made that plea and the Hawaii statehood bills. We are clining industry." based upon their long familiarity with trying to say to the world that we believe Yes, Mr. President; that is true both the climate of Alaska and with various in the democratic process, that we be­ in Alaska and in many of the States of other conditions there. However, they lieve in giving the people of Alaska and the Union. Is there any reason to be­ were not able to prevail. They had not of Hawaii a chance to present their case lieve that gold mining would flourish in a single vote anywhere in the Govern­ on this floor, as they have done it suc­ Alaska when it is declining in California ment; they had only the right to be .oessfully in the House of Representa­ and in Nevada? Is it likely that the very heard on the floor of the House of tives. We believe they should have an thing which around the world has Representatives. They had no chance opportunity to vote, and yet we cannot brought about a decrease in the price of whatever to cast a vote, and they did agree to a motion to consider the bills gold has llad a different effect in Alaska? not seem to have proper influence in the and thereby have a vote on the question After all, Alaska is very much a part of right sp9ts. But, Mr. President, if whether Alaska and Hawaii should come this continent. statehood were conferred, the two full­ into the Union. Mr. President, how, Then we find this statement in the fledged Members of the United States then, can we consistently tell the .people speech made yesterday by the Senator Senate ~nd at least one and perhaps two in other parts of the world, particularly from Mississippi: · Members of the House who would come in those places where we now are hav­ I understand that, because of high trans­ from Hawaii, and the two Senators and ing trouble, that we believe fully in the portation costs and increased cost of labor, one Representative who would come whole democratic process, if we will not t:tie timber and pulp industry is on the from Alaska, would have an opportunity allow the advocates of statehood for decline. to go to the National Defense Depart­ Hawaii and Alaska to obtain a vote upon Mr. President, there never has been a ment and thus· probably prevent a "this floor? pulp industry in Alaska. There!ore how project being handled in an unwise I hope that we may quickly agree to it could decline I do not know. manner. the motion. I hope that we may then However, I may say there is reason to I wanted to tie in wtiat I had said be­ have a thorough discussion. If there are believe that, by conferring statehood fore with the statement of the Senator points in the bill which still should be upon Alaska a great pulpwood industry from Mississippi, that- improved, those of us who wor.ked on it will be developed in the Tongass National ! do not believe anyone has much to look long and earnestly would welcome con­ Forest, and that industry will be of tre­ forward to insofar as the pulpwood industry structive suggestions for its improve­ mendous benefit to the newspaper indus­ in Alaska is concerned-. ment; ·but in the meantime I believe we try in the United States, which today is Let me say that, as Secretary of Agri­ owe it to ourselves to vote on the motion, not so happy as we would like it to be. culture, I dealt with people in the United either to vote it up or down, and to de­ We have passed bills rel a ting to the States who not only wanted then, but termine whether we shall or shall not Tongass National Forest. It is true that who want now, to develop the pulpwood consider the statehood bills. actions have been pending to determine industry in Alaska. They are ready to I hope that our decision will be that who owns the Tongass National Forest spend millions of dollars of private en­ to proceed to vote on the bill granting and what the Indians will do with their terprise venture capital in the develop­ statehood to Alaska, and th~n, having revenues. However, I believe a possi­ ment of the pulpwood industry- there, passed that bill, proceed to vote on state­ bility exists for the development there of and yet that great resource is locked up hood for Hawaii, and add two .new stars one of the finest pulpwood industries tight and cannot be freed. Those who to our flag. But regardless of the final anywhere in the world. have flown over the forests of this coun- outcome, I think that in this hour, when 15960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 29 democracy surely is on trial, we owe it J· am a firm believ~r in the two-part.y sys- pronged threat to the farmer and to the to ourselves to see that the motion to tem. . · taxpayer. On the one hand it provided for Labor has sufficient leeway, within the a drastic regimentation of the producers of consider this bill comes immediately scope of this system, to protect and further nonperishable crops like cotton, corn, and before the Senate and is agreed to. its interests. There would aiways _be the wheat. The southern cotton producers THE STATE OF THE UNION-RESULTS OF temptation to hew too closely to the labor learned during the past year what crop THE RECENT ELECTION-ADDRESS BY line. A political party loses its effectiveness restrictions meant. They want no more of HON. JAMES A. FARLEY AT THIRTY­ when it lacks a universal viewpoint. that. On the other hand the Brannan plan Whether it be the Democratic Party or the provided for selling perishable crops for less FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE Republican Party, the interl;lsts of all the than cost with the taxpayer making up the FLORIOA STATE CHAMBER OF COM­ people must be considered in framing a difference. This was a subsidy for producers MERCE philosophy or platform 'when an appeal is and for consumers alike. And I believe sin­ Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, I rise made to tlle voters. cerely that the American people do not want Let there be no ·misunderstanding of my to become permanently subsidized citizens. to make brief remarks concerning an­ attitude toward labor. I believe that in the Part of the people cannot long live off of other subject, but before addressing my­ rapid and evolutionary changes in our coun­ another part of the people in any free self to it I may say that I fully approve try labor hai> borne its share of the burden country. of the position taken by the distin­ and has demonstrated its usefulness in our I believe, however, that the Government guished Senator from New Mexico rela­ economic life. . can do a great deal for agriculture without tive to the motion to bring up the Alaska The great danger since the two big labor taking away anyone's liberty. The best way statehood bill, and I should like to asso­ federations have set up their own political to help the farmer is to help him find the ciate myself with him in his remarks on organizations is .that in many districts and way to the market at less cost and with in some States these organizations might more efficiency. Government aid in market­ that subject. • well supplant one or both of the regular ing, in lowering the cost of transportation, Mr. President, on Tuesday, November parties. The result of this would be the and in finding new uses for farm products, is 21, at the annual banquet of the Florida elimination of policies by one issue and by the way to prosperity with freedom. State Chamber of Commerce, at Tampa, one group in the community. That is quite A vast outlet for surplus farm products we were distinctly honored to have pres­ contrary to the whole theory of government can and will be found in industrial uses, ent as our honor guest on that occasion in this Republic under the two-party system. particularly in the production of commer- and as our principal speaker a truly great · The ·fear of that in Ohio, I know in this cial alcohol. . American from the State of New York, yea1·'s election drove many Democrats to vote In this election and in the primaries in the for TAFT. And it is also clear that thousands South that preceded showed further that the Honorable James A. Farley. of union members refused to be told bow this country has no desire to follow Social­ So pithy ·was his speech and so full of to vote by the political arms of the unions ist Britain in adopting socialized medicine. common-sense remarks with reference to and voted for TAFT in protest. Certainly that was decided in the primary the state of our Nation and the prob­ The principle upon which this Nation rests here in Florida. lems with which our Nation is confronted is that individuals vote as individuals, not This country has led the world in the ad­ both on the domestic front and in for­ as members of blocs. They vote their con­ vancement of medical science, in public eign fields that I wish at this time, by victions through the party of their choice. health, and in cooperative medical practice. unanimous consent, to incorporate as a And that party represents all interests, busi­ For that American doctors deserve great ness, agriculture, labor, and capital. credit. There are no more devoted, hard­ part of my remarks the full address as working, and public-spirited citizens in this made to us by that distinguished Amer­ The election in New York also proved that the voters do not prefer to support third Nation than the members of the medical ican on that occasion. splinter parties. We have had two of that profession. Instead of an attempt to make There being no objection, the address type in the Empire State, the American them subject to a Federal bureaucracy and was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Labor Party and the Liberal Party. to surrender their freedom to the Govern­ as follows: The American Labor Party came to be ment we should encourage them to coop­ Once more we have held an election in heavily influenced by Communists. It ran a erate in new endeavors to work out them­ wartime. To do that is an achievement in ticket this year which was thoroughly buried selves means of serving more people with any country at any time. Even in England, by the regular party vote. Congressman less cost. Tl1at is the Am.erican way. It is which i.s well based on principles of free­ MARCANTONIO, the leader of the party, was o:ur way. . dom, they avoid elections in times of crisis. trounced by a candidate approved by both And while I am speaking of cooperative But here in America we have never failed of the major parties. I hope that is the ways of solving problems without the use of in our democratic process. We debated the last we shall hear of MARCANTONIO, his Com­ the heavy hand of law I want to add some­ issues, foreign and domestic, we freely criti­ munist supporters, and his splinter nuisance thing about civil rights. When we review cized our Government and we turned out party. the history of past years we see clearly that in some States in numbers never before The Liberal Party in New York repre­ most of the problems raised by the so-called experienced in a mi

But even this war is ~oading an immense If by repressing inflation, by raising pro­ in the discussion of the domestic aspects burden on our economy. We don't know all duction, by maintaining high employment of this election, and the conclusions the figures yet because that news will come we can show the Communists that ours is on the installment plan. But we must be the greatest economic system ever known, which he drew therefrom, are in these prepared for something like forty to fifty­ they may, and I believe, will not precipitate a words: five billion dollars during the next 12 war. Our safety is in that hope. Now that the election is over let us all lay · months in demands for war and preparation aside personal and party selfishness and get for war. Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, I hope on with our task. For no greater task ever This demand coupled with the needs for that every Senator upon both sides of faced us before. the civil establishment comes on .top of an the aisle will take the time to read in already heavy' burden of national debt. And full the speech of Mr. Farley. I think From that point he proceeded to dis­ it comes at a moment when nobody knows it is so wise and so full of sound, level­ cuss with equal terseness and with a what the dollar will be worth in the in­ headed Americanism as to commend it· splendid grasp the international situa­ evitable inflation that threatens us. The tion which - confronts our Nation problem of raising this ll).oney while we at self to the good judgment of all Ameri­ cans, whether they be Republicans or throughout the earth. I return, how­ the same time do what we can to check ever, Mr. President, to quote at length, world inflation is much -more ·serious than it Democrats, and regardless of what may was In the late world war. If we are to be their background. without added comment of my own, the solve it we must induce the people to lend Mr. President, I shall not attempt to text of Mr. Farley's address, or that por­ more and more to Government. For the discuss in great detail the remarks made tion thereof whicl1 dealt with the so­ more the public lends the less there will be by Mr. Farley, because I much prefer to called civil-rights question, because it to spend and henee less bidding up of prices. have his speech stand for itself. I shall seemed to me to be so fully in accord It would no doubt be inadvisable as well as with the soundly patriotic point of view unfair to compel workers to buy bonds not attempt to paint the H.ly, as would be and with the common sense aspects of through what is called compulsory savings. the case if I attempted to expand at the problem, at least as I view it. I But every effort should be made by coopera­ length upon his remarks. But I do think tive methods to assure such savings perhaps that for the RECORD it might be well to quote from Mr: Farley: by payroll deductions agreed upon by both quote some of his succinct remarks And while I am speaking of cooperative workers and employers. Systematic and ways of solving problems without the use of general savings can accomplish the task and which, stated together, give, a~ I believe, the.heavy hand of law I \\