Volker Gassling Platelet-rich fibrin membranes as Timothy Douglas Patrick H. Warnke scaffolds for periosteal tissue Ya h y a A c¸il engineering Jo¨rg Wiltfang Stephan T. Becker
Authors’ affiliations: Key words: collagen membrane, periosteum, platelet-rich fibrin membrane, stem cell, Volker Gassling, Timothy Douglas, Patrick H. tissue engineering Warnke, Yahya Ac¸il, Jo¨rg Wiltfang, Stephan T. Becker, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Abstract Germany Objectives: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF)-based membranes have been used for covering Patrick H. Warnke, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Qld, alveolar ridge augmentation side in several in vivo studies. Few in vitro studies on PRF and Australia no studies using human periosteal cells for tissue engineering have been published. The aim s Corresponding author: is a comparison of PRF with the commonly used collagen membrane Bio-Gide as scaffolds Volker Gassling for periosteal tissue engineering. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Schleswig-Holstein Material and methods: Human periosteal cells were seeded on membrane pieces (collagen s Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strae3 [Bio-Gide ] and PRF) at a density of 104 cells/well. Cell vitality was assessed by fluorescein Haus 26, 24105 Kiel, Germany diacetate (FDA) and propidium iodide (PI) staining, biocompatibility with the lactate Tel.: þ 49 431 597 2791 Fax: þ 49 431 597 4084 dehydrogenase (LDH) test and proliferation level with the MTT, WST and BrdU tests and e-mail: [email protected] scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: PRF membranes showed slightly inferior biocompatibility, as shown by the LDH test. The metabolic activity measured by the MTT and WST tests was higher for PRF than for s collagen (BioGide ). The proliferation level as measured by the BrdU test (quantitative) and SEM examinations (qualitative) revealed higher values for PRF. s Conclusion: PRF appears to be superior to collagen (Bio-Gide ) as a scaffold for human periosteal cell proliferation. PRF membranes are suitable for in vitro cultivation of periosteal cells for bone tissue engineering.
After tooth loss, the reconstruction of al- these findings, periosteal cells are currently veolar ridge defects is still a challenge. The a prime focus in bone tissue engineering. aim is the cultivation of bone grafts to A main problem in bone transplantation reconstruct the jaw bone so that dental research is the application of these cells implants can be placed. Thus far, vital in vivo. autograft has been the gold standard for One of the pioneers of tissue regenera- repair of large bone defects, because of its tion was Buser et al. (1993), who intro- ability to stimulate new bone formation by duced the term ‘guided bone regeneration recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (GBR)’ to describe the support of bone Date: (MSC). Kostopoulos & Karring (1995) and augmentation by a barrier membrane. Accepted 4 November 2009 other research groups (Stevenson 1999) Many membrane systems, both non-re- To cite this article: showed that the periosteum and especially sorbable and resorbable, have been investi- Gassling V, Douglas T, Warnke, PH, Ac¸il Y, Wiltfang J, Becker ST. Platelet-rich fibrin membranes as scaffolds the MSC contained in the cambium layer gated in the past few years. Until now, for periosteal tissue engineering. play a crucial role in bone autograft healing bioresorbable membranes have been pre- Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 543–549. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01900.x by differentiation into bone cells. Based on ferred because they permit a single-stage