DOCSLIB.ORG

Electrospun Fibers from Both Solution and Melt: Processing, Structure and Property

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Electrospun Fibers from Both Solution and Melt: Processing, Structure and Property ELECTROSPUN FIBERS FROM BOTH SOLUTION AND MELT: PROCESSING, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTY A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Huajun Zhou January 2007 © 2007 Huajun Zhou ELECTROSPUN FIBERS FROM BOTH SOLUTION AND MELT: PROCESSING, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTY Huajun Zhou, Ph. D. Cornell University 2007 Electrospinning, in which a droplet of polymer liquid is elongated by the action of a strong electrical field, is an effective method to produce submicron scale fibers. The resulting nanofibers are collected as non-woven mats with large surface area to volume ratios which can be used in filtration, catalysis, tissue engineering and reinforced composites. Studies on electrospinning, however, have been limited to relatively simple polymeric systems and researchers have just begun to scratch at the surface of the structure and morphology of various sub-micron scale fibers. To achieve a fundamental understanding of material-processing-structure relation during nanofiber formation, the following three systems have been investigated experimentally. First, the formation of nanofibers from polylactic acid (PLA) and its nanocomposite solutions has been studied to investigate the effects of inclusion of silica nanoclays. It is observed that the inclusion of nanoclays gives rise to strong cold crystallization, formation of beta crystals and structural orientation in PLA fibers. Electrospun PLA nanocomposite fibers also exhibit improved mechanical properties due to the preservation of intercalated structures and further alignment of nanoclays throughout the entire fiber. We further studied the effect of inclusion of polyethylene oxide (PEO) on PLA fibers. The mechanical properties of PLA are greatly affected by the addition of PEO. Electrospun PLA/PEO blend fibers with less than 10wt% of PEO exhibit increased elongational modulus, yield strength and breaking strain. Secondly, we have created a unique route to nanofibers directly from the melt which eliminates the organic solvents present in solution electrospinning. This new solvent-free approach not only allows us to investigate a rich array of experimental studies to develop novel nanofibers directly from polymer melts and composites but also opens the door to theoretical routes to model nanofiber formation without the complications associated with solvent evaporation. Sub-micron PLA fibers have successfully been electrospun from its melt by investigating the effects of a series of processing parameters on fiber diameter. The degradation during melt electrospinning has also been studied. The third system is an extension from melt electrospinning, which is heated solution electrospinning of polyolefin. We explored the possibilities of electrospinning sub-micron polyolefin fibers directly from their solutions and investigated the effects of processing parameters on fiber morphologies and properties. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Huajun Zhou was born in a small town named Huabu which is located in a eastern province, Zhejiang of People’s Republic of China. He finished the elementary education and junior high school education in the town and then moved to Quzhou city for the senior high school education where he was exposed to a more open environment. He has been interested in studying materials since then. It is deeply believed by him that materials play fundamental role in the development of technologies and human society. Then it was 1996 when he entered the famous research-oriented University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) to continue his dream in the material world. He survived from the competitive environment and was constantly a top five student among sixty-three in the class. He completed the study with a thesis titled with ‘Synthesis and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 nanoparticles’. After five years’ study in material physics and a B.S. degree, he felt it was time to dig deeper into the subject by entering world-famous Cornell University. There is an interesting anecdote in his application to department of material science & engineering at Cornell University. He did not apply to Cornell until late March which was beyond the application deadline. He wrote an email asking if he could still apply. He was lucky enough to get a positive response from a secretary of MS&E and an overnight fedex including application materials. His life was then turned to Cornell after the late unprepared inquiry. At Cornell, he was both brave and lucky enough to be supervised by a young professor in school of chemical and biomolecular engineering. His research topic moved from synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles to fabrication of nanofibers from electrospinning. He invented and patented a melt electrospinning apparatus with his advisor. And then he patented another finding in nanocomposite fibers. Both of them are supported and licensed by a filtration company. When studying at Cornell, he was iii closely affiliated with Cornell Center of Material Research (CCMR) where he participated in various CCMR outreach programs such as Research Experience for Undergraduate (REU) and Research Experience for Teachers (RET). He also participated in the image contest of CCMR and got an honorable mention award. Besides the intensive researches, he enjoyed greatly the life in Ithaca. He frequently went wine-tasting in fingerlake wineries and acquired considerable knowledge on wines. He also benefited from the active participation of soccer games organized by CSSA dragon club and badminton exercises in Helen Newman Hall. Through the long-run in the academia, he has extended both his research interests and personal interests. At this point, he will be finishing up his Ph.D. study and pursue an application-oriented industrial job. iv I dedicate my dissertation work to my beloved parents: Mr. Meixian Zhou and Ms. Rongxiang Qiu. Although they lack of strong educational background, they are so supportive to my studies. In many moments when I need to make a critical decision, my parents always stand by my side and offer their experiential suggestion. Their open minds are a big source of inspiration to me. Without their support and understand, this work is hard to come to a completion. This work is also dedicated to my younger brother: Guojun Zhou and many of my friends. Their encouragement and joyful accompany during my study pulls me through the dark night and come to the completion of this work. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to gratefully and sincerely thank Dr. Yong Lak Joo for his guidance, understanding, patience, and most importantly, his friendship during my graduate studies at Cornell. As one of his first two Ph.D. students, I received the most patient and insightful instructions on my researches. He was willing to share his life experiences as an international student studying in the US. His optimistic view on problems and shining ideas always inspired and propelled me towards more progress. He encouraged me to not only grow as an experimentalist but also as an instructor and an independent thinker. It was his encouragement and inspiration that led me into the wonderful polymer world. With his help and the assistance of CCMR at Cornell, I was able to have the opportunity to work with several bright undergraduate students and develop my mentoring skills. I would like to thank my undergraduate assistants: Tania Berges from Univ. Puerto Rico, Kathleen Baron from MIT, Debra Audus at Cornell, Geoffrey C.H. Tang at Cornell, Derrick Tang at Cornell for their diligent and productive work. Debra has been working with me on the heated solution electrospinning of polyolefin for over one year and I benefited from her organizational skills. Derrick Tang and Geoffrey Tang worked with me on the electrospinning of PLA-PEO blend system and had been really thoughtful on the topic. I would also like to thank Choo-won Kim and Timur Ivanikov for giving me humor and entertainment in what could have otherwise been a somewhat stressful laboratory environment. I would also like to thank Colman Carroll and Edward Zhmayev for providing me their unique understanding on the theory of electrospinning. All other Joo research group members are also appreciated for their help in either experiments or technical solutions. vi Due to the inherent interdisciplinary attributes of our research, we have many inner and outer collaborators. I would like to thank Dr. Emmanuel Giannelis and Dr. Kyoung-woo Kim for their support in my study of polymer nanocomposite. And I would also like to thank a number of CCMR facility managers: Dr. Maura Wheathers for XRD characterizations, Anthony Condo for characterization of thermal properties, John Hunt for SEM assistance, John Grazul for TEM assistance, John Sinnott for compression molding support and Jonathan Shu for AFM assistance. I would also like to thank the National Science Foundation for funding this work through a CAREER Award, Grant no. CTS-0448270 to Dr. Joo. This work was supported in part by Clarcor Corporation. We would also like to thank E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company for funding through a DuPont Young Professor Grant to Dr. Joo. Their generous funding is critical to the completion of this work. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Biographical Sketch iii Dedication v Acknowledgments vi Table of Contents viii List of Figures xii List of Tables xvi 1. Introduction To Electrospinning 1 1.1. History of Electrospinning 1 1.2. Electrospinning Process 4 1.3. Electrospinning of Functional Materials and Hybrid 10 1.4. Post Processing and Functionalization 13 1.5. Structures of Electrospun Fibers 14 1.6. Applications 17 1.6.1. Nanofiber-Reinforced Composites 17 1.6.2. Filtration Application 18 1.6.3. Scaffold for Tissue Engineering 20 1.6.4. Other Applications 21 1.7. Comparison of Solution Electrospinning and Melt Electrospinning 21 2. Experimental Setup and Method 24 2.1. Design and Features of the Melt Electrospinning Setup 24 2.1.1. Design of the Shielded Heating Unit 25 2.1.2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Electrospun Nanofibers for Neural Tissue Engineering Jingwei Xie Marshall University, [email protected]
    Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Faculty Research Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research 1-1-2010 Electrospun Nanofibers for Neural Tissue Engineering Jingwei Xie Marshall University, [email protected] Matthew R. MacEwan Andrea G. Schwartz Younan Xia Follow this and additional works at: http://mds.marshall.edu/miir_faculty Part of the Medical Molecular Biology Commons, Medical Physiology Commons, and the Neurosciences Commons Recommended Citation Xie J., Macewan M. R., Schwartz A. G., Xia Y. 2010 Electrospun nanofibers for neural tissue engineering. Nanoscale 2, 35–44. doi:10.1039/b9nr00243j This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research at Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Research by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Feature article to Nanoscale, 8/2009 Electrospun nanofibers for neural tissue engineering Jingwei Xie, Matthew R. MacEwan, Andrea G. Schwartz and Younan Xia* Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA *Address correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract Biodegradable nanofibers produced by electrospinning represent a new class of promising scaffolds to support nerve regeneration. We begin with a brief discussion on electrospinning of nanofibers and methods for controlling the structure, porosity, and alignment of the electrospun nanofibers. The methods include control of the nanoscale morphology and microscale alignment for the nanofibers, as well as the fabrication of macroscale, three-dimensional tubular structures. We then highlight recent studies that utilize electrospun nanofibers to manipulate biological processes relevant to nervous tissue regeneration, including stem cell differentiation, guidance of neurite extension, and peripheral nerve injury treatments.
    [Show full text]
  • Electrospun Nerve Guide Conduits Have the Potential to Bridge Peripheral Nerve Injuries in Vivo Received: 13 June 2018 Hanna K
    www.nature.com/scientificreports Corrected: Author Correction OPEN Electrospun nerve guide conduits have the potential to bridge peripheral nerve injuries in vivo Received: 13 June 2018 Hanna K. Frost 1,2, Tomas Andersson3, Sebastian Johansson3, U. Englund-Johansson4, Accepted: 22 October 2018 Per Ekström4, Lars B. Dahlin1,2 & Fredrik Johansson3 Published online: 13 November 2018 Electrospinning can be used to mimic the architecture of an acellular nerve graft, combining microfbers for guidance, and pores for cellular infltration. We made electrospun nerve guides, from polycaprolactone (PCL) or poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), with aligned fbers along the insides of the channels and random fbers around them. We bridged a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve defect with the guides, and, in selected groups, added a cell transplant derived from autologous stromal vascular fraction (SVF). For control, we compared to hollow silicone tubes; or autologous nerve grafts. PCL nerve guides had a high degree of autotomy (8/43 rats), a negative indicator with respect to future usefulness, while PLLA supported axonal regeneration, but did not outperform autologous nerve grafts. Transplanted cells survived in the PLLA nerve guides, but axonal regeneration was not enhanced as compared to nerve guides alone. The infammatory response was partially enhanced by the transplanted cells in PLLA nerve grafts; Schwann cells were poorly distributed compared to nerve guide without cells. Tailor-made electrospun nerve guides support axonal regeneration in vivo, and can act as vehicles for co-transplanted cells. Our results motivate further studies exploring novel nerve guides and the efect of stromal cell-derived factors on nerve generation.
    [Show full text]
  • Spider Silk for Tissue Engineering Applications
    molecules Review Spider Silk for Tissue Engineering Applications Sahar Salehi 1, Kim Koeck 1 and Thomas Scheibel 1,2,3,4,5,* 1 Department for Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Strasse 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (K.K.) 2 The Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces (BZKG), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany 3 The Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany 4 The Bayreuth Materials Center (BayMAT), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany 5 Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-0-921-55-6700 Received: 15 January 2020; Accepted: 6 February 2020; Published: 8 February 2020 Abstract: Due to its properties, such as biodegradability, low density, excellent biocompatibility and unique mechanics, spider silk has been used as a natural biomaterial for a myriad of applications. First clinical applications of spider silk as suture material go back to the 18th century. Nowadays, since natural production using spiders is limited due to problems with farming spiders, recombinant production of spider silk proteins seems to be the best way to produce material in sufficient quantities. The availability of recombinantly produced spider silk proteins, as well as their good processability has opened the path towards modern biomedical applications. Here, we highlight the research on spider silk-based materials in the field of tissue engineering and summarize various two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds made of spider silk.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology and Cell Compatibility of Regenerated Ornithoctonus Huwenna Spider Silk by Electrospinning
    Journal of Fiber Bioengineering and Informatics Regular Article Morphology and Cell Compatibility of Regenerated Ornithoctonus Huwenna Spider Silk by Electrospinning Zhi-Juan Pan*, Jun-Yan Diao, Jian Shi College of Material Engineering, Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou 215021, P. R. CHINA Abstract: Ornithoctonus huwenna spiders can be bred in mass production, and potential applications of the spider silk in medical materials should be paid attentions. Regenerated nano-scale spider silk nonwovens were prepared by electrospinning from tanglesome Ornithoctonus huwenna spider silk. The morphologies of the electrospun spider silk fibers were investigated, and the cell compatibilities were explored. The results showed that the electric field strength was an important factor for the diameter, degree of crystal and molecular conformation of electrospun Ornithoctonus huwenna spider silk. With the increase of electric field strength, fibers became fine and even, and the crystallinity and β-sheet structure were improved. The electrospun nanofiber nonwoven had good compatibility with rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSCs). The cell survival rates were above 98% on the fiber surfaces. Keywords: Ornithoctonus huwenna spider, spider silk, electrospinning, molecular conformation, crystallinity, cell compatibility 1. Introduction Orb-web spiders secret unique silk fibers named as obtained as well for the following: vascular grafts, dragline silks from the major amplullate glands, which wound dressings or tissue engineering scaffolds
    [Show full text]
  • Producers of Machines for Electrospinning Usage of Electrospun Materials
    Výrobci zařízení pro elektrostatické zvlákňování Použití elektrostaticky zvlákněných nanovláken PRODUCERS OF MACHINES FOR ELECTROSPINNING USAGE OF ELECTROSPUN MATERIALS 5. přednáška MACHINES FOR ELECTROSPINNING ON MARKET Elmarco (Czech Republic) NS, NanospiderTM Three diferent spinning electrodes: Elmarco Laboratory devices – spinning from the wire http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=R01BLyqrWlQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IRc120Ceq9o&feature=player_embedded http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=R01BLyqrWlQ Contipro (Czech Republic) 4SPIN® CONTIPRO GROUP CONTIPRO GROUP CONTIPRO GROUP Spinning electrodes Collectors CONTIPRO GROUP Electroblowing Technika kombinující elektrostatické zvlákňování s prouděním vzduchu kolem zvlákňovací elektrody Umožňuje: - úpravu klimatických podmínek kolem zvlákňovací elektrody -Snížení viskozity (při zvýšené teplotě proudícího vzduchu) -Zvýšení rychlosti odpařování rozpouštědla -Ovlivnění morfologie nanovláken -Atd. CONTIPRO GROUP 4SPIN video http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=40W- WABZJaY SPUR (Czech Republic) SPIN Line http://www.spur-nanotechnologies.cz/video/Spur1.swf MECC (Japonsko) Nanon Zvlákňovací elektrody MECC Jehlová elektroda Jehlová elektroda - klipová - Pro malá množství roztoku Jehlová elektroda - koaxiální KOLEKTORY MECC Deskový Diskový Bubnový - Jádrovitý – pro výrobu tubulárních válcovitý nanovlákenných útvarů Prezentační video MECC http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBvHJs3A9k4&feature=player_ embedded FNM (Irán) Nanorassam ® (průmyslová
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Functional Electrospun Nanofibers from Polymer Blends for Scaffold Tissue Engineering
    Michigan Technological University Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech Michigan Tech Publications 7-19-2019 Multi-functional electrospun nanofibers from polymer blends for scaffold tissue engineering Samerender Nagam Hanumantharao Michigan Technological University Smitha Rao Michigan Technological University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/michigantech-p Part of the Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons Recommended Citation Hanumantharao, S. N., & Rao, S. (2019). Multi-functional electrospun nanofibers from polymer blends for scaffold tissue engineering. Fibers, 7(7), 1-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7070066 Retrieved from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/michigantech-p/532 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/michigantech-p Part of the Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons fibers Review Multi-Functional Electrospun Nanofibers from Polymer Blends for Scaffold Tissue Engineering Samerender Nagam Hanumantharao and Smitha Rao * Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 27 May 2019; Accepted: 12 July 2019; Published: 19 July 2019 Abstract: Electrospinning and polymer blending have been the focus of research and the industry for their versatility, scalability, and potential applications across many different fields. In tissue engineering, nanofiber scaffolds composed of natural fibers, synthetic fibers, or a mixture of both have been reported. This review reports recent advances in polymer blended scaffolds for tissue engineering and the fabrication of functional scaffolds by electrospinning. A brief theory of electrospinning and the general setup as well as modifications used are presented. Polymer blends, including blends with natural polymers, synthetic polymers, mixture of natural and synthetic polymers, and nanofiller systems, are discussed in detail and reviewed.
    [Show full text]
  • A Critique on Multi-Jet Electrospinning: State of the Art and Future Outlook Clothing and Fabrics Manufacture
    Nanotechnol Rev 2019; 8:236–245 Review Article Hosam El-Sayed*, Claudia Vineis, Alessio Varesano, Salwa Mowafi, Riccardo Andrea Carletto, Cinzia Tonetti, and Marwa Abou Taleb A critique on multi-jet electrospinning: State of the art and future outlook https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2019-0022 clothing and fabrics manufacture. In 1738 Lewis Paul was Received Jan 29, 2019; accepted Jul 01, 2019 granted a patent for roller drafting spinning machinery [1]. Toward the end of the nineteenth century, the ring process Abstract: This review is devoted to discuss the unique char- was fairly well perfected, and its use was becoming stan- acteristics of multi-jet electrospinning technique, com- dard throughout the world. Ring spinning is about 250% pared to other spinning techniques, and its utilization in more productive than mule spinning and is simpler and spinning of natural as well as synthetic polymers. The less expensive to operate so; the mass production arose in advantages and inadequacies of the current commercial the 18th century with the beginnings of the industrial revo- chemical spinning methods; namely wet spinning, melt lution. spinning, dry spinning, and electrospinning are discussed. Yarns are usually spun from a various materials that The unconventional applications of electrospinning in tex- could be natural fibers viz., animal and plant fibers, or syn- tile and non-textile sectors are reported. Special empha- thetic ones. sis is devoted to the theory and technology of the multi- jet electrospinning as well as its applications. The current status of multi-jet electrospining and future prospects are outlined. Using multi-jet electrospinning technique, vari- 2 Types of spinning ous polymers have been electrospun into uniform blend nanofibrous mats with good dispersibility.
    [Show full text]
  • Electrospinning of Chitosan-Based Solutions for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Electrospinning of Chitosan-Based Solutions for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Saad B. Qasim 1, Muhammad S. Zafar 2,3,* ID , Shariq Najeeb 4 ID , Zohaib Khurshid 5, Altaf H. Shah 6, Shehriar Husain 7 and Ihtesham Ur Rehman 8 1 Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, P.O. Box 45142, Riyadh 11512, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 2 Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia 3 Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan 4 Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi Colleges, Riyadh 361724, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 5 College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 6 Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh 11512, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 7 Department of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi 75110, Pakistan; [email protected] 8 Materials Science and Engineering Department, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; i.u.rehman@sheffield.ac.uk * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +966-50-754-4691 Received: 6 December 2017; Accepted: 24 January 2018; Published: 30 January 2018 Abstract: Electrospinning has been used for decades to generate nano-fibres via an electrically charged jet of polymer solution. This process is established on a spinning technique, using electrostatic forces to produce fine fibres from polymer solutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Electrospinning of Nanofibers and Their Applications
    MDT ‘Electrospinning’ ELECTROSPINNING OF NANOFIBERS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS Hale Karakaş1 1Istanbul Technical University, Textile Technologies and Design Faculty, İnönü cad., No: 65, Gümüşsuyu, Taksim, 34437, Istanbul/Turkey [email protected] Keywords: electrospinning, electrospun nanofibers, electrospinning parameters, functional nanofibers Abstract Electrospinning is a useful and efficient technique to produce ultrafine polymeric fibers. It has been a process of great scientific and industrial interest due to its versatility, cost- efficiency and potential to be used in a wide range of applications, resulting in an outstanding potential for nanotechnology research. As it is regarded as the most promising approach to produce continuous nanofibers on a large scale, a huge amount of work and study is observed to be carried out in this area both in academic and industrial circles, aiming to utilize the technology in a wide range of applications. The technique has been used with many synthetic and natural polymers. This training material on electrospinning gives detailed information on history of electrospinning, process theory and basic principles, parameters that influence the process and fiber morphology, advantages of superior properties and applications of electrospun nanofibers. In addition, the state-of-the-art, problems and limitations in this technology are evaluated. Recent progresses as well as future trends and challenges are discussed. 1 INTRODUCTION Electrospinning is a versatile and efficient method to produce continuous nanofibers from submicron diameters down to nanometer diameters by using a high potential electric field. It is possible to produce nanofibers with diameters ranging between a few nanometers to a few MDT 'Electrospinning' Electrospinning of nanofibers and their applications hundred nanometers thanks to the latest developments in electrospinning [1, 2].
    [Show full text]
  • Electrospinning Alginate-Based Nanofibers
    Carbohydrate Polymers 85 (2011) 111–119 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Carbohydrate Polymers journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/carbpol Electrospinning alginate-based nanofibers: From blends to crosslinked low molecular weight alginate-only systems Christopher A. Bonino a, Melissa D. Krebs b, Carl D. Saquing a, Sung In Jeong b, Kimberly L. Shearer a, Eben Alsberg b,c, Saad A. Khan a,∗ a Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States b Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States article info abstract Article history: We report here preparation of nanofibers containing alginate using two different molecular weights Received 20 October 2010 (MWs): 37 kDa and 196 kDa. Low MW alginates are attractive for in vivo tissue scaffolds where degrada- Received in revised form 12 January 2011 tion and clearance from the body are desirable, whereas higher MW alginates are amenable for topical Accepted 1 February 2011 use as wound coverage because of its better mechanical properties. We use polyethylene oxide (PEO) as Available online 26 February 2011 a carrier material to aid in electrospinning, and relate the solution properties, including entanglement concentration, relaxation time, conductivity, and surface tension, to their ability to be electrospun. In Keywords: addition, we examine an FDA-approved, nonionic surfactant as a route to enhancing the alginate–PEO Biomaterials Nanotechnology ratio (>80:20), and less toxic alternative to Triton X-100 surfactant. Finally, alginate-only nanofibers that Nanofibers are also water-insoluble are obtained by crosslinking the electrospun fibers with calcium and subse- Electrospinning quently removing the PEO and surfactants by soaking the nanofibers in water.
    [Show full text]
  • Robot-Aided Electrospinning Toward Intelligent Biomedical Engineering
    Tan et al. Robot. Biomim. (2017) 4:17 DOI 10.1186/s40638-017-0075-1 REVIEW Open Access Robot‑aided electrospinning toward intelligent biomedical engineering Rong Tan1, Xiong Yang1 and Yajing Shen1,2* Abstract The rapid development of robotics ofers new opportunities for the traditional biofabrication in higher accuracy and controllability, which provides great potentials for the intelligent biomedical engineering. This paper reviews the state of the art of robotics in a widely used biomaterial fabrication process, i.e., electrospinning, including its working principle, main applications, challenges, and prospects. First, the principle and technique of electrospinning are intro- duced by categorizing it to melt electrospinning, solution electrospinning, and near-feld electrospinning. Then, the applications of electrospinning in biomedical engineering are introduced briefy from the aspects of drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound dressing. After that, we conclude the existing problems in traditional electrospinning such as low production, rough nanofbers, and uncontrolled morphology, and then discuss how those problems are addressed by robotics via four case studies. Lastly, the challenges and outlooks of robotics in electrospinning are discussed and prospected. Keywords: Robotics, Electrospinning, Biomedical engineering Introduction electrospinning have high surface area and highly porous Te basic idea of electrospinning originated in the period structure, and furthermore, design fexibility is an impor- from 1934 to 1944, when researchers describes the use of tant advantage of electrospun nanofbers [3]. electrostatic force to produce polymer flament device. Electrospinning has widely been used in biomedi- Te main principle is using high-voltage electrostatic cal engineering, including wound dressings, fltration, feld to stimulate the polymer charged jet and then to and drug delivery systems, as well as tissue engineering obtain the polymer nanofbers by charged jet curing.
    [Show full text]
  • Electrospun Polyurethane Nanofibers Electrospun Polyurethane Nanofibers
    DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.69937 Provisional chapter Chapter 2 Electrospun Polyurethane Nanofibers Electrospun Polyurethane Nanofibers Cigdem Akduman and Emriye Perrin CigdemAkçakoca Akduman Kumbasar and Emriye Perrin Akçakoca Kumbasar Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.69937 Abstract The electrospinning process is highlighted with the ability of fabricating fibers with diameters on the nanometer scale, small inter-fibrous pore size and high porosity, vast possibilities for functionalization with high surface area to volume or mass ratio, ease of use and instrument setup, and adaptability. It attracted a great deal of attention due to its unique properties. More than 100 different polymers have been successfully electrospun into ultrafine fibers using this technique including synthetic polymers such as polyure- thane (PU). Electrospun PU nanofiber mats exhibiting good mechanical properties may have a wide variety of potential applications in high-performance air filters, protective textiles, wound dressing materials, sensors, drug delivery, etc. This chapter deals with the electrospinning of polyurethane nanofibers and their potential applications. Keywords: electrospinning, polyurethane, nanofibers, applications 1. Introduction Electrospinning is a fiber spinning technique that is able to produce continuous ultrafine fibers from sub-micrometer to nanometer diameters, which uses electrostatic forces. The orig- inal ideas of using electrical potentials on the surfaces of droplets, amount of charge required for the deformation of droplets, and also apparatus for spraying of liquids by use of electrical charges can be traced back more than 100 years [1–3]. However, Formhals was recognized as the father of the electrospinning and he was the first to describe the operation of electros- pinning in 1934 for producing polymer filaments by electrostatic repulsions between surface charges [4].
    [Show full text]