Draft as of 6 November 2015

CONCEPT PAPER

BALI FORUM VIII 10 – 11 DECEMBER 2015

DEMOCRACY AND EFFECTIVE PUBLIC GOVERNANCE: CHALLENGES, CHOICES AND PROSPECTS FOR -PACIFIC

Background and Theme The Democracy Forum (BDF), initiated by in 2008, is an annual, inclusive and open intergovernmental forum on the development of democracy in the Asia-Pacific region. The forum is aimed at fostering dialogue-based regional and international cooperation in the field of peace and democracy through sharing of experiences and best practices that adhere to the principles of equality, mutual respect and understanding. The participating countries share ownership of the Forum. In each yearly forum, a salient agenda is promulgated and deeply discussed. The first BDF in 2008 grounded foundation for agenda of the following meetings with theme of “Building and Consolidating Democracy: A Strategic Agenda for Asia.” The second BDF in 2009 focused on the objectives to explore linkages democracy to development through regional cooperation. The theme was “Promoting Synergy between Democracy and Development in Asia: Prospect for Regional Cooperation.” The third BDF in 2010 expanded substantive objective of democracy building for peace building and stability. The theme of dialogue was “Democracy and the Promotion of Peace and Stability”. The fourth BDF in 2011 responded to the dynamic of expansion of democratic spaces in many parts of the world, in particular in and North Africa (MENA areas). The theme selected was “Enhancing Democratic Participation in a Changing World: Responding to Democratic Voices.” The fifth BDF in 2012 widened the focus into global area by choosing a theme of “Advancing Democratic Principles at the Global Setting: How Democratic Global Governance Contributes to International Peace and Security, Economic Development, and Effective Enjoyment of Human Rights.” The sixth BDF in 2013 discussed one of most salient issues in many pluralistic societies during democracy building, namely making democratic norms, institutions, and practices come together. The theme selected was “Consolidating Democracy in Pluralistic Society.” The seventh BDF in 2014 revisited the regional contexts affecting democratic building. Last year theme was “Evolving Regional Democratic Architecture: the Dynamics of Political Development, Socio-Economic Progress and Public Participation in the Democratic Process.” The main objective of this year forum is to find linkages and connections between democracy and effective public governance for public welfare. Furthermore, the forum is expected to discuss conditions and processes enabling and harnessing the development of democracy and the functioning of effective public governance. It should explore challenges, choices, and prospects for Asia-Pacific countries by sharing experiences and lessons learning among state actors’ innovations and struggles. Significance and Linkages Focusing the dialogue on democracy and effective public governance is salient for variety of reasons. This is mainly due to the fact that public governance principles, once applied have the potential to increase the quality of governance as stakeholders are able to hold public Draft as of 6 November 2015 officials accountable and to demand for transparency through the opening of civil and political rights of their citizen. Inversely, democracy also strengthens public governance since without democratic choices, it would be difficult for citizens to demand public institutions in transparent, accountable, and on the same time inclusive manners. Even more, without transparent political institutions and a free press, it would be harder for citizens to understand the risk or trajectory of their developments. Effective public governance is also critical to economic development. Rule of law and transparency which are rudimentary building blocks of effective public governance, engender certainty and clarity for the private sector in expanding their business. Effective public governance also enables the state to play effective role to redress social woes such as poverty and hunger through more efficiently public spending. A research shows that there is a strong link between effective public governance and economy, as the quality of state institutions rise so does income. Democracy and effective public governance would enable us to pursue comprehensive and holistic development. By recognizing the importance of transparency, accountability, participatory engagement and adherence to the rule of law, governments that are responsive to the needs and aspirations of the people, are paramount for the full realization of human rights, including the right to development, and stressing that effective public governance at the national and international level is essential for sustained economic growth, sustainable development and the eradication of poverty. Challenges Despite aforementioned significances of democracy and effective public governance, in practice there are challenges in building democracy and developing effective public governance. Translating democratic visions into practices would unavoidably meet the following challenges. There is a challenge to build strong state capacities while respecting citizens’ individual and collective political rights. There is a challenge to bring the balance between popular sovereignty and political equality with the authority of representative democratic institutions. There is a challenge to enable public reasoning while respecting the authority. There is also a challenge to bring procedural reliability, rule of law, and regulation of arbitrary power with opening possibility of changes, innovations, and respects to diversities. Democracy brings its own potential as well as its own dilemma. Translating the vision of effective public governance into practice would also not simple. Governance hybrid practice arrangements bring a challenge to combine administrative systems with market mechanisms and non-profit organizations. Each public and private enterprises often has its own logics, ethics, and visions of governing. Its multijurisdictional and often transnational bring challenges to combine people and institutions across different policy sectors and different level of government. Governance plurality of stakeholders feature brings challenges of building cooperation, respecting each other authorities, and balancing priorities. Just like democracy, public governance carries its own strengths as well as complexities. Choices and Prospects The BDF VIII should explore and share experiences among participants on how to make strategic choices and innovations to effectively response the aforementioned challenges. Discussion should also find effective ways of managerial choices in making control, steering coordinating agenda those look elusive and fragmented. The forum should also elaborate to find mechanisms of engaging non-state actors and markets in policy making and service delivery grounded in new founding views of ethics, legitimacy, and justice. The forum should Draft as of 6 November 2015 delve into discussion of the implications of democracy and public governance in terms of contested notions of legal rules, professional norms, and individual values. The forum should contribute to the extrapolation of the prospect roles of state, market, and civil society alone as well as inter-linkage network of governance. The focuses of the meeting will be detailed in each sessions described in the following term of reference (TOR). BDF and IPD The Institute for Peace and Democracy (IPD) is the implementing arm of BDF. Working closely with partner participating countries in the BDF, IPD in the last seven years organizes country-specific and thematic programs and activities to promote democracy and peace- building in the region by working with and providing support for its partner institutions in the region and beyond. To share experiences and lesson learnt on democracy, IPD supports dialogues of constitutional building, democratic institutional reform, and peace building with various countries including , Fiji, Myanmar and . It also prepares to provide support to aspiring democracy including and Palestine. To build knowledge and aspirations, IPD in working with partners conducted research on women in democracy and state building. To support regional institution development such as ASEAN, programs of building and consolidating state institutional reform are currently executed in Indonesia, Cambodia, Lao, Myanmar, and Viet Nam for the period of 2015-2018. To develop skills and practical knowledge, IPD has been conducting trainings for young politicians from Asia, Pacific and Middle East countries. Trainings for democracy and peace building have been carried out for young journalists representing various parts of Indonesia. To provide systematic understanding and supports to the functioning core institutions of democracy, IPD is supporting prominent scholars and figures in Indonesia to have continuous dialogues on Making Presidential Democracy Works. In close cooperation with various civil society actors in Indonesia, IPD is preparing to develop networks and supports to ASEAN partner organizations. To enable consolidating sharing experiences and lesson learning, IPD has been supporting back to back programs of BDF such as Bali Civil Society Forum and Bali Media Forum in close cooperation with IPD's partners and Indonesian Press Council respectively. The Bali Democracy Forum (BDF) agenda and its implementation by IPD are aimed basically to enable dialogues and support cooperation among state actors for people welfares. These substantive aspirations are manifested in and at the same time delivered by democracy and governance. This BDF VIII will once again identify challenges, choices and prospects for building democracy and effective public governance in Asia Pacific region as well as explore practical relevant initiatives to be carried out by the IPD in the future.

DAY 1, Thursday 10 December 2015 OPENING SESSION 09:00 – 10:00 The opening session will consist of report by the Organizing Committee on the preparation of BDF VIII, outcomes of back-to back activities/programs related to BDF VIII, and official opening of the Forum. The chairperson of the BDF VIII Committee will welcome the participants and deliver her report on the preparation and the program of BDF VIII. Representatives of Bali Civil Society Forum 2015 and Bali Media Forum 2015 will present the outcomes of Bali Civil Society Forum 2015 and Bali Media Forum 2015 which were convened prior to the Forum. The outcomes would become valuable inputs and resources Draft as of 6 November 2015 for debates and dialogues in the Bali Democracy Forum VIII. The Minister for Foreign Affairs of Indonesia will deliver her opening remark and officially open the Forum. The session will be followed by Group photo among the Ministers and Head of Delegations of participating countries.

PANEL DISCUSSION I 10:30 – 12:00 Building Democracy and Developing Effective Public Governance in Asia-Pacific The panel session will discuss the main theme of the Bali Democracy Forum VIII. Three selected panelists will present their experiences, thoughts, and visions on building democracy and developing effective governance in their respective countries and extrapolating those to be lessons learns for Asia-Pacific. The panel will respond to the general issues such as: What were the profound challenges, dilemmas, and complexities to be resolved? What were the available options and choices if any? What are the strategies selected and processes nurtured to respond challenges, expand room for opportunity, and develop sustained solutions? What are the prospects of democracy and effective public governance for each respected countries? What will be the most important lesson to be learned? The panelists will also respond to the specific issues of building a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia, developing effective public governance in Indonesia, and supporting global electoral governance. Each of the panelists will be invited to response to the aforementioned general questions and specific questions respectively.

 Building A Pluralistic Democracy in Tunisia by Wided Bouchamaoui, Houcine Abbassi, Abdessattar Ben Moussa, and Mohamed Fadhel Mafoudh, the National Dialogue Quartet and the Nobel Peace Prize 2015 (TBC): o What were the roles of national dialogues in transition to democracy in Tunisia? o What will be their impact to effective public governance in Tunisia? o What would be the challenges, strategies, and prospectsof building culture of dialogue for Tunisia and beyond?  Developing Effective Public Governance: Lessons Learnt from Indonesia by Kuntoro Mangkusubroto, Former Chief Executive Agency-BRR Aceh-Nias region assigned to perform the recovery of Aceh and Nias in 2004 and Former Head of Unit President for Development Supervision and Control (UKP4)

o What would be the impact of public governance for responding the natural disasters recovery programs in Indonesia? o What were the significances of supervision and control in making public governance effective? o What will be challenges, strategies, and prospects of developing effective public governance in Indonesia and beyond?  Supporting Global Electoral Governance and Building Sustainable Peace by Kofi Atta Annan, the seventh Secretary-General of the from January 1997 to December 2006, The Nobel Peace Prize 2001, and Chair of Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security (TBC), o What would be the impact of electoral governance on democracy and effective public governance learning from global experiences? o What are the challenges, strategies, and prospects of supporting global electoral governance? Draft as of 6 November 2015

o How should bilateral, regional, and multilateral cooperation be strengthened to support initiatives on global electoral governance, in particular, democracy and public governance in general? Q and A session will follow after the presentations.

GENERAL DEBATE 13:30 - 17:00 Democracy and Effective Public Governance: Challenges, Choices and Prospects for Asia Pacific The session will be chaired by the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia and provides the opportunity for Heads of Delegation from the participating countries to deliver five minute remarks (time limit will be strictly observed), focusing on their experiences and observations on the main theme of the Forum.

DAY 2, FRIDAY 11 DECEMBER 2015 PANEL DISCUSSION II 09:00 – 10:30 Challenges of Building Democracy and Developing Effective Public Governance The session will discuss the general issue on what were the profound challenges, dilemmas, and complexities to be resolved in building democracy and developing effective public governance? In this session representatives from five participating countries (to be determined) will tasked to deliver short presentations focusing on subthemes of building democracy and political meritocracy, developing effective public governance, and harnessing sustainable development. Besides responding to the aforementioned general question, they also are invited to response to the following specific questions: o What would be the challenges of building democratic representation, of developing check and balances among democratic institutions, of building democratic accountability, of implementing political leadership, of developing democratic dialogues and democratic cultures? o If democracy is assumed as rule of the many, what are the challenges of building political meritocracy? o What are the core challenges of the state actors in building network with private sectors and civil societies? o What are the core challenges in governing in hybrid-arenas, multi-jurisdictions, and network-based structure? o What would be the challenges of making development sustained, responding to poverty issues, utilizing renewable resources and utilizing technologies?

Q and A session will follow after the presentations.

Draft as of 6 November 2015

PANEL DISCUSSION III 10:30 – 12:00 Choices and Prospects for Building Democracy and Developing Effective Public Governance in Asia-Pacific This session will also focus on both general questions and specific issues proposed. The general issues could be discussed include what were the available options and choices if any? What are the strategies selected and processes nurtured to respond challenges, expand room for opportunity, and develop sustained solutions? What are the prospects of democracy and effective public governance for each respected countries? What will be the most important lesson to be learned? In this session, representatives from five participating countries (to be determined) will be tasked to deliver short presentations on subthemes of choices and prospects of building democracy and political meritocracy, developing effective public governance, and harnessing sustainable development. Besides responding to the general questions, the speakers will also be invited to respond to the following questions: o What would be the choices and prospects of building democratic representation, of developing check and balances among democratic institutions, of building democratic accountability, of implementing political leadership, of developing democratic dialogues and democratic cultures? o What are the choices and prospects of the state actors in building network with private sectors and civil societies? o What are the choices and prospects in governing in hybrid-arenas, multi-jurisdictions, and network-based structure? o What would be the choices and prospects making development sustained? Responding to poverty issues, utilizing renewable resources, and utilizing technologies?

Q and A session will follow after the presentations.

CLOSING SESSION 13:30 – 15:00 Building Democracy and Developing Effective Public Governance in Asia-Pacific: Lessons Learnt and Next Priorities This session will invite each Chairperson to present summaries and notes of the panel discussions on Building Democracy and Developing Public Governance in Asia Pacific; Challenges of Building Democracy and Developing Public Governance; and Choices and Prospects for Building Democracy and Developing Public Governance.

Chairperson will present the outcome of the Forum in the Chair's Statement, focusing on the factual proceeding of the Forum and ongoing and future initiatives by the IPD, reflecting salient practical observations and follow up during the discussions of the Forum. The representative of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia will deliver closing remarks and close the Forum officially.