West Lodge Farm, Courteenhall, Northamptonshire

An Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

for Agrivert Ltd

by Heather Hopkins

Thames Valley Archaeological

Services Ltd

Site Code WCN 08/92

August 2008 Summary

Site name: West Lodge Farm, Courteenhall, Northamptonshire

Grid reference: SP 7510 5310

Site activity: Desk-based assessment

Project manager: Steve Ford

Site supervisor: Heather Hopkins

Site code: WCN 08/92

Area of site: c1.9ha

Summary of results: The site lies in an area of high archaeological potential, although there has been little formal archaeological investigation close by. A number of cropmarks that seem to represent archaeological features can be identified on aerial photographs (including recent views) within the vicinity of the site and on the site itself, though it seems unlikely that the predicted remains will be of national importance. It is recommended that a field evaluation be undertaken to provide further information regarding the impact of the proposed development on any below-ground archaeological deposits in order to draw up a scheme to mitigate the impact of development if necessary. Such a scheme, and any follow-up work could be implemented by an appropriately worded condition attached to any planning consent gained.

This report may be copied for bona fide research or planning purposes without the explicit permission of the copyright holder

Report edited/checked by: Steve Ford9 27.08.08

Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd, 47–49 De Beauvoir Road, Reading RG1 5NR Tel. (0118) 926 0552; Fax (0118) 926 0553; email [email protected]; website : www.tvas.co.uk Steve Preston9 27.08.08

Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd, 47–49 De Beauvoir Road, Reading RG1 5NR Tel. (0118) 926 0552; Fax (0118) 926 0553; email [email protected]; website : www.tvas.co.uk

West Lodge Farm, Courteenhall, Northamptonshire An Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

by Heather Hopkins

Report 08/92 Introduction

This desk-based study is an assessment of the archaeological potential of land at West Lodge Farm,

Courteenhall, Northamptonshire (Fig. 1). The project was commissioned by Ms Gemma Kay of Agrivert Ltd,

The Stables, Radford, Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, OX7 4EB and comprises the first stage of a process to determine the presence/absence, extent, character, quality and date of any archaeological remains which may be affected by redevelopment of the area. The development seeks to construct an anaerobic digestion storage facility.

Site description, location and geology

The site is located to the south of Northampton and adjacent to the western edge of the Courteenhall Estate. The site currently consists of gently sloping open farmland adjacent to farm buildings. The development area is centred on SP 7510 5310. The site is located entirely on Blisworth (Great Oolite) limestone (BGS 1969). It is at a height of approximately 115 m above Ordnance Datum. The development is c. 1.9ha in area.

Planning background and development proposals

Planning permission is to be sought for development on the site. The proposed development seeks to install an anaerobic digestion facility on land at West Lodge Farm. The proposed development comprises a reception building, two primary digesters, one secondary digester, two storage tanks, a biofilter, gas engines, two weighbridges, an accelerator tank, transformer, a silage storage area, access roads and a parking area. It is proposed that the digesters and storage tanks are sunk 1m into the ground to reduce their height.

Archaeology and Planning (PPG 16 1990) provides guidance relating to archaeology within the planning process. It points out that where a desk-based assessment has shown that there is a strong possibility of significant archaeological deposits in a development area it is reasonable to provide more detailed information from a field evaluation so that an appropriate strategy to mitigate the effects of development on archaeology can be devised:

Paragraph 21 states:

‘Where early discussions with local planning authorities or the developer’s own research indicate

that important archaeological remains may exist, it is reasonable for the planning authority to

request the prospective developer to arrange for an archaeological field evaluation to be carried

out...’

Should the presence of archaeological deposits be confirmed further guidance is provided. Archaeology and

Planning stresses preservation in situ of archaeological deposits as a first consideration as in paragraphs 8 and

18.

Paragraph 8 states:

‘...Where nationally important archaeological remains, whether scheduled or not, and their

settings, are affected by proposed development there should be a presumption in favour of their

physical preservation...’

Paragraph 18 states:

‘The desirability of preserving an ancient monument and its setting is a material consideration in

determining planning applications whether that monument is scheduled or unscheduled...’

However, for archaeological deposits that are not of such significance it is appropriate for them to be ‘preserved by record’ (i.e., fully excavated and recorded by a competent archaeological contractor) prior to their destruction or damage.

Paragraph 25 states:

‘Where planning authorities decide that the physical preservation in situ of archaeological remains

is not justified in the circumstances of the development and that development resulting in the

destruction of the archaeological remains should proceed, it would be entirely reasonable for the

planning authority to satisfy itself ... that the developer has made appropriate and satisfactory

provision for the excavation and recording of remains.’

South Northamptonshire District Council is in the process of updating its Planning Policies. Policies EV32-

34, relating to archaeology, expired in 2007. Until these policies are replaced it shall be assumed for the purposes of this investigation that Northamptonshire District Council is following the national guidance of PPG16. The

village of Courteenhall is designated as the Conservation Area of Courteenhall and is approximately 1.5km east of the site and would therefore not be impacted upon by the development. The proposal site is located approximately 150m west of the boundary of the registered park and garden of the Courteenhall Estate in a field adjacent to this boundary.

Methodology

The assessment of the site was carried out by the examination of pre-existing information from a number of sources recommended by the Institute of Field Archaeologists paper ‘Standards in British Archaeology’ covering desk-based studies. These sources include historic and modern maps, the Northamptonshire Historic

Environment Record, geological maps and any relevant publications or reports.

Archaeological background

General background

Courteenhall is a parish, rural estate and village to the south of Northampton. Recent investigations in the broader area provide evidence of the transition between Iron Age and Roman occupation and the changes in agricultural use of the land over time; (Kidd 2004; Ovenden-Wilson 1997; Thomas 1998, Taylor and Flitcroft

2004; Jones et al. 2006; reviewed in Chapman 2006). Areas of Anglo Saxon settlement have been discovered

(Brown and Foard 2004, Jones et al., 2006). The Manor of Courteenhall was included in the seizure and combination of manors of Northamptonshire and Buckinghamshire by Henry VIII at the Dissolution (VCH 2002,

18-37). Little industrial development of the area has taken place and the area has been the focus of much archaeological investigation due to the range and preservation of the archaeological remains.

Northamptonshire Historic Environment Record

A search was made on the Northamptonshire Historic Environment Record (HER) on 13th August 2008 for a radius of 1km around the proposal site. This revealed 83 entries within the search radius. These are summarized as Appendix 1 and their locations are plotted on Figure 1.

Prehistoric An aerial photograph shows a feature in the north of the field in which the site is located. This has been interpreted as prehistoric [Fig. 1: 1]. Linear features of parallel ditches and a linear pit alignment show as crop

marks in the field to the north of the site [2, 3]. A linear feature that was a possible trackway shows in aerial photos, crossing the site [4]. It should be noted that it is not possible to date cropmarks without excavation.

Roman No Roman sites or finds have been discovered in the search radius.

Saxon The London – Derby Road is of Saxon origin. It is listed as having been recorded on Ogilby’s map of 1675. It follows the line of the modern A508, just east of the site.

Medieval A number of aerial photos have identified areas of ridge and furrow field systems [5, 6, 7, 8]. Each of these is at a distance from the site. A linear feature believed to be a tree avenue can be seen in aerial photos [9]. Earthworks show a shallow hollow way road of medieval date that appears on a map of 1766 and in aerial photos [9]. A site of industrial activity, the site of a possible watermill and mill ponds have been identified from map evidence

[10]. A possible settlement site of medieval origin has been identified, although the nature of the evidence is unrecorded [11].

Post-Medieval A map dating to 1766 and the 1839 tithe map were re-interpreted in 1985, as a result of which, an industrial site, post mill and windmill have all been identified [12]. It appears that the post mill was the forerunner to the windmill. The possible site of a manor has been identified from field name evidence of later maps [13].

Cropmarks have been identified on the site and recorded in the HER as quarry pits [14]. Courteenhall House and

Park are both of early post-medieval origin (1571), but were remodelled in 1791. Courteenhall House is at a distance from the site, but the park was extensive and it is possible that originally the site was located within it

(see below). Both are now listed, the house as Grade II, the estate as a Registered Park or Garden [15]. The

Hardingstone to Stony Stratford Turnpike toll road constructed in 1767 passes just east of the site [16].

Woodleys Farm appears to have multiple listings in the HER as it began as The New Inn and then was converted in use to the farm house of Woodleys Farm. The farmhouse is a Grade II listed building and the farm also has an entry in the HER. They date to the 17th century [17]. The School and School House Building, now the village hall and at a distance from the site, were built in 1680 and are Grade II listed [18]. The London – Birmingham railway line opened in 1838. The railway line itself and the aqueducts and various structures associated with it are Grade II listed [19]. A possible brickyard, brickfield and kiln have been located on the site, or immediately adjacent [20]. This was identified through aerial photographs and map references. This would potentially be of

interest, given the location next to the hall, with the possibility that they were created to provide bricks for the remodelling of the hall and park, but unfortunately the underlying geology is not clay but limestone.

Modern, undated A number of features of unknown date have been identified through aerial photography. A ditch has been identified at a distance from the site [21]. Field names found on maps have been interpreted as former settlements [22]. Cropmarks have been noted in the field to the north of the site [23]. Historic maps and interpretation of parts of Courteenhall Parish have been noted in the HER [24]. A listed building survey was undertaken of Courteenhall Parish [25]. An architectural survey has been undertaken in Roade Parish [26]. A macula or possible pit and a possible two enclosures are noted to the north of the site [27]. The fieldname

Blacklands, taken from a map of 1932, has been interpreted as indicating a possible settlement [28]. Further cropmarks have been identified, including a linear feature, possibly a ditch [29] and three possible enclosures

[30, 31, 32]. A settlement of no specific date has been recorded in Roade Parish, identified through the aerial photos [32]. Three further possible enclosures and a possible pit have been identified using aerial photos [33]. A site of unknown date has been discovered in Courteenhall Parish with the use of aerial photos [34].

No Scheduled Ancient Monuments are present.

Cartographic and documentary sources

Courteenhall, Cortenhale at the Domesday Survey, means ‘The nook of land [halh] belonging to Corta or

Curtas’ from the Old English (Mills 1998). Courteenhall became Cortehalle, then Courtenhall and Courtnall during the 18th century before the present spelling (VCH, 1937, 242-246). Courteenhall was in the hundred of

Wymersley, first mentioned in the Northamptonshire Geld-roll of c. 1074 but by the time of the Domesday

Survey was in the hundred of 'Colentreu' or 'Coltrewestan' (VCH, 1937, 223). Courteenhall’s history is separate to that of Wymersley. At the time of the Domesday Survey, William Peverel held 3½ hides in Courteenhall in

Collingtree Hundred, with land for 9 ploughs; the population numbered a slave, 12 villans, one bordar and a priest. The mill rendered 12 pence, there were 4 acres of meadow, and a small wood, and the whole manor was worth £5. Walter Turstin held of William Peverel additional land for 1 plough, worth 6 shillings (Williams and

Martin, 2002).

The manor of Courteenhall was held by the prior of Lenton and valued at £32 18s. 7d. per annum in 1291.

At the dissolution the manor was seized by the crown and leased out (VCH 1937, 242–6). In 1542 a number of

Crown estates in Northamptonshire and Buckinghamshire, including the manor of Courteenhall, were combined through Act of Parliament to become the Honor of Grafton, centred on Grafton Manor, enlarged and renamed

Grafton Regis (VCH 2002, 18-37). There are no remains of the Manor house, built in 1580. Under Elizabeth the manor was in poor repair and the tenant complained bitterly, eventually buying the manor outright. The manor has descended through the Ouseley (later Wake) family, since that date (VCH 1937, 242–6). The Crown lands surveyed by order of Parliament in 1650. Sales proved difficult as the Tudor leases for three lifetimes had been granted to ‘lessees who proved unusually long-lived’ and actions from the 1650s were declared void following the restoration and the land reverted to the Crown (VCH 2002, 18–37).

Following inclosure in the 17th century the village of Courteenhall diminished in size with the demolition of all housing to the south of the church (VCH 1937, 242–6). This area is to the east of the site, at some distance.

Courteenhall Hall was constructed in 1790 (VCH, 1937, 242-246). The district as a whole was not greatly affected by industrialization. The 3rd duke was a prominent supporter of the Grand Junction Canal, completed in

1805, which passed through Grafton lands. The London and Birmingham Railway, opened in 1838, followed much the same route through the county and the Grafton estate, passing in close proximity to the west of the site.

A vigorous policy of rebuilding farmsteads throughout the estate began in the 1840s but no further programme took place. During the property sale of the 1910s the tenants couldn’t afford to buy their properties, others lacked inclination and the local authority had to replace the unfit housing. Most of the rest of the Grafton land in

Northamptonshire was sold after 1945 (VCH, 2002, 18-37).

A range of Ordnance Survey and other historical maps of the area were consulted at Northamptonshire

Record Office in order to ascertain what activity had been taking place throughout the site’s later history and whether this may have affected any possible archaeological deposits within the proposal area (see Appendix 2).

The earliest map available of the area is Saxton’s 1576 map of Northamptonshire (Fig. 2). This map indicates the importance of the newly seized and combined manors around Northampton. Courtenhall, Wotton,

Rode, Blisworth, Stoke Bruant and Thorp are all clearly shown as distinct settlements to the south of

Northampton. Wotton is now part of Northampton and Courteenhall is on the southern edge of Northampton. It is also possible that in order to show the presence of each of the manors, each owned by the crown, the settlements were spread southwards on the map in order to fit the names in. ‘Cortenhall’ is not shown emparked at this time, but as an unremarkable village.

The location of the site may be determined with more accuracy on the estate map showing the re- organisation of the Courteenhall estate in 1791. The site is shown to be a small part of one field used as open farmland with the same road lay-out as today (Fig. 3). The site is shown to be undeveloped and of the same land use as today. West Lodge Farm can be seen to the north west of the site, occupying the same site as today. This map is similar to another estate map of 1835, which also shows the site as open farmland (not shown). The site continues to be used as open farmland throughout the 19th century, shown by the tithe map of Courteenhall

Parish of 1838 (Fig. 4) and the First Edition Ordnance Survey map of 1885 (Fig. 5). This use continues throughout the 20th century, as shown by the Second Edition Ordnance Survey map of 1900 (Fig. 6) and the

Ordnance Survey of 1958 (Fig. 7). Although farm buildings were constructed in the same field to the west of the site prior to 1992, the site has continued to be used as open farmland to the present day.

Although it is noted on the HER that cropmarks indicate the presence of a former brick field, quarry and brickyard there appears to be no indication of these on any of the historic maps. It is possible that the brickyard was of a limited lifespan and used to construct the hall in 1791.

Listed buildings

There are six listed buildings in the vicinity of the site. None are on the site or adjacent to it.

Registered Parks and Gardens; Registered Battlefields

The Courteenhall Estate is a registered park of 1571 origin that was substantially remodelled in 1791. The park covers 150ha. It is conceivable that the site was located within the boundaries of the original parkland but this is unlikely as the avenue leading from the house ends at the A508 suggesting that this road formed an original boundary that has not changed. Indeed, the outline of the park as currently registered appears to form a coherent, reasonably symmetrical whole within what appear to be long-standing boundaries, which suggests it may include the full original extent. If the original park has shrunk, it would appear likely only to be along its southern margin. The road would have provided a natural boundary along the west side.

The site is approximately 150m from the western boundary of the park. A substantial buffer zone of trees lies to the east of the site, along the western edge of the park, therefore minimizing any potential visual impact upon the park and its character.

Historic Hedgerows

There are no hedgerows, historic or otherwise, on the site.

Aerial Photographs

The index to the air photographic collection of the National Monuments Record was searched on 7th August

2008 for an area of 1km around the site. This revealed 53 vertical and 13 oblique photographs of the area around the site. These were viewed on 20th August 2008. A number of photographs showed repeat views of the same fields.

Many of the features shown in the photographs are listed on the HER. According to the HER, four features recorded through the use of aerial photographs were located on the site or in the immediate vicinity. A linear feature, a double-ditched trackway, crosses two fields and passes through the length of the site (Plate 3). This is likely to be prehistoric or Roman. Numerous maculae, probably representing pits are visible on this plate, and various other cropmarks of probable or possible archaeological origin (along with others of unquestionably geological origin), but are not necessarily close to the proposal site. Cropmarks interpreted as quarry pits of later post-medieval date have also been located (Plate 1). Further marks visible on photographs taken over several years have been interpreted as a brick kiln, clay field and brick yard. These are now probably beneath the buildings just west of the proposal area.

There are further cropmarks that do not appear to be listed in the HER. In some weather conditions, marks that appear to represent subsurface remains of a possible structure or enclosure occur on the site and a complex rectangular cropmark present to the south of the site (Plate 2). None of these cropmarks seem to relate to features present on the historic maps of the area.

Discussion

In considering the archaeological potential of the study area, various factors must be taken into account, including previously recorded archaeological sites, previous land-use and disturbance and future land-use including the proposed development.

The documentary, map and historic evidence indicate that the site has been occupied only by farmland throughout later post-medieval times. However, the aerial photographs indicate that there are a number of certain and probable archaeological features on and near to the site that pre-date this historic evidence. Development of

the site is certain to have an impact upon these features especially as several components of the scheme, namely the digesters and storage tanks, are to be sunk a further metre into the ground to reduce their above ground height. It seems unlikely that the predicted remains would be of national or international importance, such as to warrant scheduling or their preservation in situ.

It will be necessary to provide further information about the archaeological potential of the site from field observations in order to draw up a scheme to mitigate the impact of development on any below-ground archaeological deposits if necessary. A scheme for this evaluation will need to be drawn up and approved by the archaeological advisers to the Borough and implemented by a competent archaeological contractor, such as an organization registered with the Institute of Field Archaeologists. Such a scheme could be implemented by an appropriately worded condition attached to any planning consent gained.

References

BGS, 1969, British Geological Survey, Sheet 202, Drift/Solid Edition, Scale 1:50,000 Brown, A and Foard, G, 2004, ‘The Anglo-Saxon Period’, in M Tingle (ed), The Archaeology of Northamptonshire, Kings Stanley, 78–101 Jones, L, Woodward, A, Buteux, S, 2006, Iron Age, Roman and Saxon Occupation at Grange Park: Excavations at Courteenhall, Northamptonshire, 1999. Birmingham Archaeol Monogr 1 / Brit Archaeol Rep Brit Ser, 425, Oxford. Kidd, A, 2004, ‘Northamptonshire in the First Millennium BC’, in M Tingle (ed), The Archaeology of Northamptonshire, Kings Stanley, 48–62 Mills, A D, 1998, Dictionary of English Place-Names, Oxford Ovenden-Wilson, S M, 1997, ‘Grange Park, Northamptonshire’, unpubl rep Geophysics Surveys, Bradford PPG16, 1990, Dept of the Environment Planning Policy Guidance 16, Archaeology and Planning, HMSO Taylor, J and Flitcroft, M, 2004, ‘The Roman Period’, in M Tingle (ed), The Archaeology of Northamptonshire, Kings Stanley, 63–77 Thomas, A, 1998, ‘Grange Park, Courteenhall, Northampton, Archaeological evaluation’, unpubl rep, Cotswold Archaeol Trust VCH, 1937, Victoria History of the Counties of England: Surrey, iv, London VCH, 2002, Victoria History of the Counties of England: Surrey, v, London Williams, A and Martin, G H, 2002, Domesday Book, A complete Translation, London

APPENDIX 1: Historic Environment Records within a 1km search radius of the development site

HER Ref Grid Ref (SP) Type Period Comment 1 MNN6172 75045 53269 Aerial Photo Prehistoric Prehistoric Activity? 2 MNN125329 7505 5337 Aerial photo Prehistoric Parallel ditches. Trackway? Field System? MNN125331 7508 5340 No date 3 MNN125330 7499 5341 Aerial photo Prehistoric Pit Alignment, linear feature. 4 MNN125328 7512 5311 Aerial photo Prehistoric Linear feature, Trackway. 5 MNN133789 Aerial Photo Medieval Ridge and Furrow? Earthwork 6 MNN133790 Aerial Photo Medieval Ridge and Furrow? Earthwork 7 MNN133795 Aerial photo Medieval Ridge & Furrow Earthwork 8 MNN133010 Earthwork Medieval Ridge & Furrow Aerial photo 9 MNN125344 7596 5322 Tree Avenue Medieval Earthwork. Linear feature, tree avenue? Aerial MNN24635 7597 5322 Road Post Medieval photo, shallow holloway. 10 MNN1800 7535 5350 Industrial site Medieval, Industrial Activity/Site? Watermill? Fieldnames: MNN16113 Post Medieval Old Mill Spinney, Watermill Spinney. Mill Ponds? MNN24642 Dam. Ornamental lake? ENN7174 ENN7175 11 MNN1801 755 528 Settlement Med, Post med Settlement site? c1500-1749. 12 ENN7177 7563 5325 Industrial site Post medieval Map evidence and earthwork for Post mill and MNN6171 751 534 [sic] Windmill site. MNN24645 MNN12843 ENN7178 ENN7176 MNN6170 MNN10625 13 MNN6173 7560 5230 Post medieval Manor house? c1500 – 1749 MNN10626 7560 5230 Manor? MNN24647 7560 5230 Fieldnames ENN7173 7560 5230 14 MNN125334 7509 5317 Quarry pits Post Medieval Quarry Pits. Cropmarks. Aerial Photos. c1540–1749. 15 MNN7213 75991 53191 Park Post medieval Registered Park. Courteenhall Park. 150ha, 1791. DNN6553 75997 53192 Listed Building Courteenhall House replaced earlier 1571 building. MNN138226 76125 53123 Formal garden Grade II*. MNN105159 76140 53140 Earthwork attached offices, stable block, attached coach houses, DNN5214 7612 5312 Documentary stable, barn. 1730 – 1770. Grade II*. MNN105160 76080 52974 Aerial Photo survey. MNN24636 7600 5320 Interpretation, Courteenhall Parish. ENN7180 7598 5322 Landscape survey. ENN7658 7603 5325 ENN7660 7600 5320 ENN13129 760 532 DNN5220 7608 5297 ENN104057 90106 82420 16 MNN135323 75085 50255 Toll Road Post medieval Turnpike toll road. 1767 - 1899 AD to 1899 17 MNN137371 7535 5284 Inn / Farm Post-Medieval Woodleys Farm. Formerly The New Inn. Inn c1630 MNN137370 75357 52842 Listed Building Modern – c1749. Farm c1750 – 1999. MNN105075 75357 52842 DNN4963 7535 5284 18 MNN105161 75890 53130 Listed Buildings Post-Medieval School and School House Building, now village hall. DNN5225 7589 5312 Modern 1680. Grade II* 19 MNN105048 75075 52316 Aqueduct Post-Medieval Aqueduct over Railway. Built 1837. Grade II. MNN136579 75065 52307 Railway cutting Modern Roade cutting, built 1838. DNN5008 7507 5231 Listed Building 20 MNN2393 750 531 Industrial site Post med, Mod Probable C18th/C19th Industrial Activity MNN13497 75048 53147 Brickyard Post med, Mod C18th/C19th? Brickyard, brickfield? MNN137372 7497 5309 Brick kiln Post med, Mod Brick Kiln. c1750 - 1899. Map of 1821. 21 ENN6897 743 531 Aerial photo No date Ditch Cropmark. MNN25740 7430 5310 22 ENN7172 756 529 Fieldnames No date Map: 1932. 23 ENN7179 7507 5328 Cropmark No date Aerial photo Survey. 24 ENN12603 749 531 Documentary No date Interpretation, Courteenhall Parish. 25 ENN102843 76200 53014 Listed Buildings No date Survey, Courteenhall / Courteenhall Parish 1986. 26 ENN102851 75788 51706 Listed Buildings No date Architectural Survey. Roade Parish. 27 MNN125335 7498 5337 Aerial photo No date Macula? Pit? Enclosure. Cropmark. MNN125333 7497 5339

HER Ref Grid Ref (SP) Type Period Comment MNN125332 28 MNN28189 7559 5289 Documentary No date Map: 1932. Fieldname: Blacklands. Settlement? 29 MNN125176 7433 5318 Aerial photo No date Linear feature, Ditch 30 MNN125177 7439 5325 Aerial photo No date Enclosure 31 MNN125178 7418 5342 Aerial photo No date Enclosure 32 MNN136037 75350 52185 Aerial photo. No date Settlement? Enclosure? MNN125377 7540 5220 33 MNN125327 7529 5216 Aerial photo. No date Enclosure? Pit? Macula? MNN125376 7535 5216 MNN125378 7530 5221 MNN125379 7533 5222 34 MNN2141 742 533 Unknown No date Site. Courteenhall Parish. - MNN14161 75180 63498 Road Saxon London - Derby Road. In Ogilby 1675. Post medieval - MNN135673 73750 56704 Railway Modern Railway route. 1882 – 1999. - MNN137364 73925 55727 Railway Modern Railway Line 1882 - 1999 - MNN13441 62433 60787 Railway line Modern Railway line. 1838 – 1999. - MNN13441 Railway line Modern Railway line

Listed Buildings Grade II unless stated.

APPENDIX 2: Historic and modern maps consulted

1576 Map of Northamptonshire, Christopher Saxton (fig 2) 1791-3 Estate map of Courteenhall Estate (fig 3) 1835 Estate map 1838 Tithe map, Courteenhall Parish (fig 4) 1885 Ordnance Survey, First Edition (fig 5) 1900 Ordnance Survey, Second Edition (fig 6) 1958 Ordnance Survey revision (Fig. 7) 2006 Ordnance Survey, Explorer 207, scale 1:25000 (fig 1)

APPENDIX 3: Aerial Photographs consulted

No Year taken Sortie number Frame number Grid ref (SP) Comment 1 1944 US/7PH/GP/LOC201 12003–4, 12066–7, 13066–8 750 536 Vertical. 12003 Plate 1 2 1944 US/7PH/GP/LOC278 4003–4 766 522 Vertical 3 1947 RAF/CPE/UK/1926 1026–7, 3026–7 754 513 Vertical 4 1947 RAF/CPE/UK/1994 4181–3 739 537 Vertical 5 1949 RAF/541/341 3277–8, 4277–8, 4342–3 754 525 Vertical. 3277 Plate 2 6 1959 MAL/59403 75518–9 764 537 Vertical 7 1965 11308 109-115 755 535 Oblique 8 1965 FSL/6565 1800–2 743 547 Vertical 9 1965 FSL/6565 2013–4 759 531 Vertical 10 1965 OS/65196 101–3 763 533 Vertical 11 1965 OS/65196 110–12, 121–3 747 523 Vertical 12 1979 5110 18–22 751 535 Oblique 13 1984 2487 25 760 530 Oblique 14 1987 4203 33 760 530 Oblique 15 1987 11831 04 760 530 Oblique 16 1990 11925 11–14 744 532 Oblique. 12 Plate 3 17 1992 OS/92349 124–6, 210–12, 232–3 756 542 Vertical 18 1996 OS/96142 60–61, 93–5, 124–5 748 543 Vertical Note: Grid reference given is for start of run, multiple frames may offer extensive coverage

13 54000

Site

10 31 3 27 2 9 8 34 30 1 23 12 9 29 14 24 18 21 20 4 15 25

53000 Site 22

17 5 28 11 7

19 33 32

16 26 WCN 08/92 SP74000 75000 76000 West Lodge Farm, Courteenhall, Northamptonshire, 2008 Archaeological Desk-based Assessment

Figure 1. Location of the site within Courteenhall and Northamptonshire, showing the locations of Historic Environment Record entries

Reproduced from Ordnance Survey Explorer 207 at 1:12500 Ordnance Survey Licence 100025880 Approximate location of Site