Intergovernmental Agreement on the Asian Highway Network
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ST/ESCAP/2173 This publication has been issued by the Transport, Communications, Tourism and Infrastructure Development Division of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Most of the data in the tables and figures came from the national experts. The place names in this publication follow the United Nations standards, which conform with The Times Concise Atlas of the World, eighth edition. CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................1 A. Background....................................................................................................................1 1. Asian Land Transport Infrastructure Development project ......................................1 2. Asian Highway project .............................................................................................1 B. Objective of the study ....................................................................................................2 C. Project progress and activities .......................................................................................2 D. Outline of the report.......................................................................................................3 II. TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ..................................................................................................................4 A. European Union .............................................................................................................4 1. Trans-European Networks ........................................................................................4 2. Technical Assistance for the Commonwealth of Independent States .......................4 B. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.......................................................5 C. Commonwealth of Independent States .........................................................................5 D. Economic Cooperation Organization ............................................................................5 E. Special Programme for the Economies of Central Asia ...............................................6 F. United Nations Development Programme ....................................................................7 1. Tumen River Area Development Programme ..........................................................7 2. Silk Road Area Development Project .......................................................................7 G. United Nations regional commissions capacity-building programme...........................8 H. International financinginstitutions ................................................................................8 I. Coordination ..................................................................................................................8 III. ROAD TRANSPORT…...........................................................................................................9 A. Overview of roads and road transport............................................................................9 1. China...................................................................................................................9 2. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea......................................................9 3. Kazakhstan..........................................................................................................9 4 Mongolia...........................................................................................................11 5. The Republic of Korea......................................................................................11 6. The Russian Federation.....................................................................................11 -i- B. Road classification and design standards.....................................................................14 1. China.................................................................................................................14 2. Kazakhstan........................................................................................................17 3. Mongolia...........................................................................................................22 4. The Republic of Korea......................................................................................26 5. The Russian Federation.....................................................................................30 6. Comparison of the Asian Highway design standards and national standards.......................................................................................30 C. Status of the road network and road transport ............................................................31 1. China.................................................................................................................31 2. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea....................................................39 3. Kazakhstan........................................................................................................42 4. Mongolia...........................................................................................................51 5. The Republic of Korea......................................................................................61 6. The Russian Federation.....................................................................................75 IV. ASIAN HIGHWAYROUTES...............................................................................................95 A. Asian Highway route criteria.......................................................................................95 B. Proposed Asian Highway routes and assessment ........................................................95 1. China.................................................................................................................95 2. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea....................................................99 3. Kazakhstan......................................................................................................101 4. Mongolia.........................................................................................................106 5. The Republic of Korea....................................................................................110 6. The Russian Federation...................................................................................114 C. Numbering system of identified Asian Highway routes............................................123 1. Existing route numbering system for the Asian Highway network ......................123 2. Numbering of the proposed Asian Highway routes..............................................124 V. CONCLUSIONS...……………..…………………………………………………………..129 ANNEXES I. Asian Highway classification and design standards ...............................................................131 II. Study team…….. ....................................................................................................................139 III. Officials contactedduring missions…….………….………….……… .................................140 IV. Report of the Policy-level Expert Group Meeting..................................................................142 V. List of participants …………………….. ...............................................................................149 VI. Programme of the Policy-level Expert Group Meeting ..........................................................151 -ii- LIST OF TABLES 1. Classification of roads in China...................................................................................14 2. Class of roads in China ................................................................................................14 3. Design elements by highway class according to the Technical Standards of Highway Engineering……….. ....................................................................................15 4. Height clearance of roads in China..............................................................................15 5. Classification of roads in the former Soviet Union......................................................17 6. Classification of roads in Kazakhstan..........................................................................17 7. Major former Soviet Union technical standards for roads...........................................18 8. Class of roads in the former Soviet Union...................................................................18 9. Cross-section elements of roads in the former Soviet Union.......................................18 10. Other elements relating to the design speed of roads in the former Soviet Union.......19 11. Height clearance of roads in the former Soviet Union.................................................19 12. Standard highway traffic loading.................................................................................22 13. Classification of roads in Mongolia.............................................................................22 14. Design speed corresponding to design traffic volume.................................................23