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Greek-Catholic Church in Slovakia and Its Martyrs

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Greek-Catholic Church in Slovakia and Its Martyrs E-Theologos, Vol. 1, No. 1 DOI 10.2478/v10154-010-0007-5 Greek-Catholic Church in Slovakia and its Martyrs doc. ThDr. Marek Petro, PhD. University of Prešov in Prešov, Greek Catholic Theological Faculty Ul. biskupa Gojdiča 2, Prešov, Slovakia [email protected] Since the establishment toward the present Greek-Catholic Church1 in Slovakia is a successor of the spiritual heri- tage and message of Saints Cyril and Method. Representatives as well as members of this church point out as much as possible that they come from historically ancient cultural region of eastern Christianity.2 The first favor shown to the Greek-Catholics in Slovakia by the pope was already at the time of their genesis. In 869 Pope Hadrian II consecrated liturgical books brought to Rome by the holy brothers Cyril and Method. By this act and favour of Pope Hadrian II Greek Catholic Church in Slovakia has had a holy liturgy in the language of the people 1100 years earlier than all other nations. As the Slavic Language became reputable, the Slavs of Great Moravia (our ancestors) had included among the culturally advanced European nations. On September 22, 1818 Pope Pius VII has established the Eparchy of Presov by the Bull Relata Semper.3 Two separate units had allocated from 1 The nomenclature "Greek-Catholic" had been stabilized during the reign of Maria Theresa. Historical origins of the nomenclature reflects the essential features: ceremony brought by Greek missionaries has the Byzantine origin, while at the same time it is expressing that i tis the Catholic Church, general and united with Rome, strictly speaking "unseparated" from Rome. It' is Catholic Church of Byzantice-Slavic rite expanded not only in Slovakia but also in other countries (Poland, Hungary, Bohemia and Moravia, Ukraine, Belarus, Romania, USA, Canada...), while in relation to Rome these are act by their own. Compare: Kto sú gréckokatolíci? http://www.grkat.nfo.sk/Poprad/kto_su_greckokatolici.htm (04.08.2005). 2 Compare: HIRKA, J.: Svätý Otec v Prešove. In: PREŠOV sídlo gréckokatolíckeho biskupstva na Slovensku. Prešov : Opal, s.r.o., 1995, p. 4. 3 Compare: ČITBAJ, F.: Pápeži a gréckokatolíci. In: PREŠOV sídlo gréckokatolíckeho biskupstva na Slovensku. Prešov : Opal, s.r.o., 1995, p. 8. 60 E-Theologos, Vol. 1, No. 1 DOI 10.2478/v10154-010-0007-5 the Eparchy of Presov – Apostolic Exarchate with its seat in Prague (in 1996) and the Apostolic Exarchate with its seat in Kosice (in 1997). On 30 January 2008, the Holy Father Benedict XVI has established a Greek- Catholic metropolis with the seat in Presov. The previous Presov residen- tial bishop Msgr. ThDr. Ján Babjak SJ, PhD. has been appointed for the first Greek-Catholic Archbishop and Metropolitan of Presov. At the same day the Pope promoted the Apostolic Exarchate of Kosice to Eparchy of Kosice. The previous Apostolic Exarch Milan Chautur, CSSR has been appointed to first residential Bishop of Kosice. By the separation from the Presov Eparchy the Holy Father Benedict XVI has established also the new Greek-Catholic Eparchy with its seat in Bratislava – Eparchy of Bratislava. Msgr. Peter Rusnak has been ap- pointed for the first Greek-Catholic Bratislava residential bishop. By this new canon arrangement of the Greek-Catholic Church in Slovakia, the Holy Father Benedict XVI has completed the 190 years long phase of Presov Eparchy history. At the same time it is also a confirmation of more than 1100 years history of the Greek-Catholics in the territory of current Slovakia, which unfolds since the mission of St Slavic Apostles Cyril and Method. On April 28, 1950 the Greek-Catholic Church in the former Czechoslo- vakia had been outlawed by totalitarian regime and could not serve pub- licly. Her bishops, priests, but also many of the faithful laity were impris- oned, persecuted and dragged into exile. During those years many have died, but remained faithful to God, toward the Catholic Church and to- ward their conscience. Greek-Catholic Church was restored only after 18 years by the government regulation from Jun 13, 19684. The suffering of this Church has reflected also in the decimated number of believers, how- ever over the years their number grows thanks the grace of God and qual- ity pastoral ministry of priests. The ancient tradition – that the Catholics of the Eastern Rite in Slova- kia had been an integral part of the whole nation already at the time of Great Moravia, and that they have adopted Christianity and developed it by the holy brothers Cyril and Method – survived until today.5 Greek-Catholic Church is part of the Catholic Church. United in the Holy Spirit with the Catholic Church, this local church has its own hierar- chy, liturgy, discipline with the same faith and sacraments. It retains its own rite and cultural heritage which is reflected in the way of life.6 4 Institutionally, Greek-Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia began its work on July 17, 1968 by the establishment of the bishop's office, which was temporarily in Kosice. 5 Nové kánonické usporiadanie Gréckokatolíckej cirkvi na Slovensku. http://www.grkatpo.s k/spravy/?zobrazit=text&id=931 (06.06.2008). 6 Compare: HIRKA, J.: Svätý Otec v Prešove. In: PREŠOV sídlo gréckokatolíckeho biskupstva na Slovensku. Prešov : Opal, s.r.o., 1995, p. 5. ISBN 80-967375-9-7. 61 E-Theologos, Vol. 1, No. 1 DOI 10.2478/v10154-010-0007-5 Introduction „If they have persecuted me, they will also persecute you.“ (John 15,20). „But before all these, they shall lay their hands on you, and persecute you, delivering you up to the synagogues, and into prisons, being brought before kings and rulers for my name's sake. And it shall turn to you for a testimony.“ (Luke 21,12-13) These are the words of Jesus Christ through which he suggested that the Church will be pursued. And indeed. Two thousands years of Church history are proof of it. For centuries Christians have testified their firm belief in God and fidelity to the Church. Often times it has costed them much sacrifice, humiliation – many underwent even martyrdom. However they do not lacked courage, steady love, mind focused on the eternal be- atitude that is worth of any sacrifice. Every period of the Church history is characterized by something spe- cial, which also marks the future times, includes such figures that are re- membered by many people even today. Not so ancient twentieth century in which the Greek-Catholic Church has survived the extremely turbulent times of persecution, destruction and rebirth, is not the exception. In the twentieth century Greek-Catholic Church in Slovakia (until 1993 in Czechoslovakia) had to deal with violent oppression, the dark times and subsequent destruction. But thanks to brave people, personalities of the Christian life, but also self-sacrificing believers it could go out again into the light of the truth and show itself in the new steadfast strength. The fruit of sufferings and violent gore of many martyrs can be clearly seen and experienced also today. After all the hardship the Greek-Catholic Church in Slovakia received from the Heavenly Father martyrs who are worthy to be followed. Blessed Presov residential Bishop Pavol Peter Gojdič, OSBM and his auxiliary bishop ThDr. Vasiľ Hopko are one of many who did not fear to face the secular power and defend their faith even at the cost of their own life. Their testimony is an example for all those who long for truth and unity, as the attributes required for the work of ecumenism. Blessed martyr Pavol Peter Gojdič, OSBM In the gallery of significant personalities of Slovak Catholic world a honest place belongs to bishop martyr P.P. Gojdič. The personality of this man has left deep traces in the historical consciousness of the Slovak people.7 P.P. Gojdič was born on July 17, 1888 in the village Ruské Pekľany within the family of Greek-Catholic priest8 Štefan Gojdič and mother Anna, 7 Compare: ŠTURÁK, P.: Otec biskup Pavol Gojdič, OSBM (1888 – 1960). Prešov : Vydavateľstvo Michala Vaška, 1997, p. 26. 62 E-Theologos, Vol. 1, No. 1 DOI 10.2478/v10154-010-0007-5 née Gerberyová. In baptism on July 23, 1888 he was named Peter. He received a basic education in Cigeľka, near Bardejov, where his father Štefan was transferred to parish, later in Bardejov and Presov.9 He contin- ued his studies at a grammar school in Prešov, which he succesfully fin- ished by leaving examination in 1907. Following God's voice, he started to study theology in Presov. Beacause of the excellent results he was sent for further studies to Budapest. Already as a seminarian at the seminar he received from his spiritual a kind of life navigation: "Life is not difficult, but very serious." This became a kind of directive accompanying him during whole his life. During his studies in Budapest one of the teachers, Dr.. Ján Dudek, told about him these pro- phetic words: „This man will once become a bishop of Presov.“10 After finishing his study, on August 27 he was ordained to priest by Bishop dr. Ján Vály in Prešov. He served as chaplain next to his father. Later he went through a number of services at Greek-Catholic episcopal office in Prešov, and since 1919 he became a director of the episcopal office. On July 20, 1922 he entered the Order of St Basil the Great at the Černečej Mountain near Mukachevo, where during the covering on Janu- ary 27, 1923 he took the name Paul. This was done because of his mod- esty, humility and desire to live in asceticism and so to serve Lord God.
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