DOCSLIB.ORG

La Mujer Y El Género En Operaciones. Análisis Y Lecciones Después Del Despliegue En Afganistán ______

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
La Mujer Y El Género En Operaciones. Análisis Y Lecciones Después Del Despliegue En Afganistán ______ DOCUMENTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN 09/2015 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ PLAN ANUAL DE INVESTIGACIÓN 2015 ______________________________________________________________________________________ ORGANISMO SOLICITANTE DEL ESTUDIO: INSTITUTO ESPAÑOL DE ESTUDIOS ESTRATÉGICOS (IEEE) _____________________________________________________________________________________ LA MUJER Y EL GÉNERO EN OPERACIONES. ANÁLISIS Y LECCIONES DESPUÉS DEL DESPLIEGUE EN AFGANISTÁN _____________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Documento de Investigación del Centro Superior de Estudios de la Defensa Nacional (CESEDEN) LA MUJER Y EL GÉNERO EN OPERACIONES. ANÁLISIS Y LECCIONES DESPUÉS DEL DESPLIEGUE EN AFGANISTÁN Maquetado, en octubre de 2015, por el Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos. (IEEE) CENTRO SUPERIOR DE ESTUDIOS DE LA DEFENSA NACIONAL (CESEDEN) 2 D.I. 09/2015 La mujer y el género en operaciones. Análisis y lecciones... LA MUJER Y EL GÉNERO EN OPERACIONES. ANÁLISIS Y LECCIONES DESPUÉS DEL DESPLIEGUE EN AFGANISTÁN Resumen Tras haber finalizado la operación de la Fuerza Internacional de Asistencia para la Seguridad en Afganistán (ISAF), se realiza un análisis crítico sobre la mujer y el género en esta operación, extrayendo algunas lecciones a aprender. Se incluyen unas consideraciones sobre las perspectivas de futuro para la mujer afgana y para las concepciones de género en este país. Se analizan las actuaciones de los agentes más importantes en Afganistán, tanto locales como internacionales, poniéndolas en perspectiva y valorando su impacto en la implementación de la Resolución 1325 del Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU, en el avance en las cuestiones de género, y en el respeto a los derechos de las mujeres y de los niños en ese país. Palabras Clave Mujer, seguridad, género, Afganistán, lecciones, ISAF.. Abstract After the completion of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) operation in Afghanistan, a critical analysis on women and gender in this operation is performed, drawing some lessons to learn. Some considerations about the future prospects for Afghan women and gender conceptions in this country are included. The actions of the most important stakeholders in Afghanistan, both local and international, are analysed, putting them in perspective and assessing their impact on the implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325, on the progress in gender issues, and on the respect of women’s and children’s rights in that country. Key Words Women, security, gender, Afghanistan, lessons, ISAF. 3 Documento de Investigación del Centro Superior de Estudios de la Defensa Nacional (CESEDEN) 4 D.I. 09/2015 La mujer y el género en operaciones. Análisis y lecciones... ÍNDICE LA MUJER Y EL GÉNERO EN OPERACIONES. ANÁLISIS Y LECCIONES DESPUÉS DEL DESPLIEGUE EN AFGANISTÁN INTRODUCCIÓN .......................................................................................................9 LA RESOLUCIÓN 1325. EL HITO QUE PUSO EN MARCHA EL MECANISMO TRES EFECTOS A CONSEGUIR ..........................................................................................10 POSITIVA AUNQUE LENTA REACCIÓN DE LAS NACIONES Y DE LA OTAN. APOYO INSTITUCIONAL. INSUFICIENTE EN LA PRÁCTICA REAL ..................12 Las mujeres como capacidad específica. ¿qué aportan a las operaciones? .......15 Reglas de comportamiento. Ser ejemplo de conducta ..........................................17 Educación y adiestramiento sobre género en las naciones. Debe mejorar ......18 Cambios escasos en la mentalidad y forma de trabajar. Involucrar a los jefes ......20 EL GÉNERO EN OPERACIONES Y EL CASO DE AFGANISTÁN ..................21 El género excedía el ámbito de la isaf. precisaba un enfoque global y de arriba hacia abajo ..................................................................................................................22 El género en su doble función de objetivo de la operación e instrumento para conseguir el éxito ..........................................................................................23 El éxito de la operación global de la comunidad internacional. El estado final deseado ......................................................................................................24 Factores para conseguir el éxito y el estado final deseado en la operación global ..............................................................................................................................25 Papel del género en la consecución del éxito. Necesidad de ampliar aún más el enfoque integral ..........................................................................................29 ALGUNAS LECCIONES DE LA HISTORIA RECIENTE DE AFGANISTÁN SOBRE EL GÉNERO ..................................................................................................................30 CONSECUCIÓN DEL ÉXITO EN LA OPERACIÓN GLOBAL Y EN MATERIA DE GÉNERO. PRINCIPALES FACTORES Y AGENTES DEL GOBIERNO AFGANO QUE HAN OBSTACULIZADO EL ÉXITO ..................................................................37 Problemas con origen en el comienzo de la operación. Configuración del poder en Afganistán ......................................................................................................38 Importancia de la figura del presidente Karzai. Progresos en papel, no en la realidad ..............................................................................................................................43 5 Documento de Investigación del Centro Superior de Estudios de la Defensa Nacional (CESEDEN) LA COMUNIDAD INTERNACIONAL Y EL GÉNERO EN AFGANISTÁN. GRAN ESFUERZO. LOGROS DESIGUALES .................................................................47 Educación. Progreso entre moderado y bueno .....................................................49 Sanidad. Progreso moderado ..............................................................................52 Desarrollo económico y social. Progreso escaso ..........................................55 Violencia contra las mujeres. Acceso a la justicia. Progreso escaso ..................57 Barreras ..........................................................................................58 Pirámide de resolución de disputas ......................................................58 Estrategias .........................................................................................60 Utilización de la Ley de Eliminación de la Violencia contra las Mujeres ..65 Revisión de las estrategias de la comunidad internacional ..................66 LA COMUNIDAD INTERNACIONAL Y EL GÉNERO EN AFGANISTÁN. PRINCIPALES FACTORES Y AGENTES DE LA PROPIA COMUNIDAD INTERNACIONAL QUE HAN OBSTACULIZADO EL ÉXITO .............................70 Responsabilidad .........................................................................................70 El género no interesa a la mayoría de los afganos ..........................................71 Interactuar con los hombres y los niños e involucrarlos en los temas de género .....72 El caso especial de los líderes religiosos .....................................................74 Dirección única y común de todos los actores internacionales en el teatro ......76 Problemas en la estrategia del país líder EE.UU ..........................................78 EL GÉNERO EN LA FUERZA DE ASISTENCIA A LA SEGURIDAD EN AFGANISTÁN (ISAF) ..............................................................................................................................86 Integración del género. Análisis de género ......................................................87 Adiestramiento en género de las fuerzas desplegadas en ISAF ..............................88 Asesores/asesoras de género ..............................................................................89 Interacción con mujeres afganas. Las mujeres afganas como actores ..................91 Interacción con mujeres afganas. Nivel táctico. Equipos de interacción con mujeres ..............................................................................................................................93 La Misión de Adiestramiento de la OTAN. El Ejército afgano ............................100 Reclutamiento en el Ejército afgano .....................................................101 La Misión de Adiestramiento de la OTAN. La Policía afgana ............................104 6 D.I. 09/2015 La mujer y el género en operaciones. Análisis y lecciones... Reclutamiento en la Policía afgana ....................................................106 ISAF. Conclusiones y lecciones ................................................................109 PERSPECTIVAS DE FUTURO PARA LA MUJER AFGANA Y LAS CONCEPCIONES DE GÉNERO EN ESTE PAÍS ............................................................................122 Situación en 2015. Afganistán .............................................................................112 Situación en 2015. Las mujeres afganas .....................................................123 Lo que demandan hoy las mujeres afganas ....................................................127 Lo que ofrece el nuevo Gobierno de Unidad Nacional ........................................129 Perspectivas de futuro .........................................................................................132 _____________________________________________________________________________________ 7 Documento de Investigación del
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Articles of Interest WELLNESS ASSIGNMENTS
    DACOWITS: Articles of Interest WELLNESS AMC supervisor accused of sexual harassment (9 Mar.) Air Force Times, By Kristin Davis Air Mobility Command held four days of focus groups for employees of a unit whose former supervisor has been accused of sexual harassment. Air Force gives new mom three years off (8 Mar.) Air Force Times, By Stephen Losey Capt. Shannon Williams is a C-21 pilot, an Air Force Academy graduate, and — as of Feb. 26 — a new mother. And with the help of a new program called the Career Intermission Program, Williams will spend the next three years tending to — and hopefully further expanding — her new family. Appeals court grants rare hearing in academy sex crime case (11 Mar.) Air Force Times, By Kristin Davis A rare hearing Thursday will help the military's highest court decide whether prosecutors in an Air Force Academy sexual misconduct case erred when they failed to disclose that one of their witnesses was a confidential informant. Former Marine indicted on rape charge (11 Mar.) San Diego Union Tribune, By Kristina Davis A former Marine has been charged in an indictment unsealed Wednesday with sexually assaulting an active-duty Marine on Camp Pendleton, the U.S. Attorney’s Office said. ASSIGNMENTS 60-Minutes News Story: A full 60-Minutes story will feature a piece on the Marine Corps' integration efforts (focused on IOC and ITB). “The Marine Corps is under orders to open up its ground combat units - one of the last all-male bastions in the military -- to women, but it has been unable to find any female capable of making it through its three-month infantry officer course.
    [Show full text]
  • General Assembly Distr.: General 28 February 2011
    United Nations A/HRC/16/44/Add.1 General Assembly Distr.: General 28 February 2011 English/French/Spanish only Human Rights Council Sixteenth session Agenda item 3 Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders, Margaret Sekaggya Addendum Summary of cases transmitted to Governments and replies received* * The present document is being circulated in the languages of submission only, as it greatly exceeds the word limitations currently imposed by the relevant General Assembly resolutions. GE.11-11427 A/HRC/16/44/Add.1 Contents Paragraphs Page Introduction............................................................................................................. 1–3 5 Algeria ................................................................................................................ 4–33 5 Angola ................................................................................................................ 34–41 9 Argentina ................................................................................................................ 42–74 10 Austria ................................................................................................................ 75–89 15 Bahrain ................................................................................................................ 90–210 16 Bangladesh.............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Download from and Most Are Available in Hardcopy from the AREU Office in Kabul
    Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit IMPORTANT NOTE: The information presented in this guide relies on the voluntary contributions of ministries and agencies of the Afghan government, embassies, development agencies, and other organisations representing donor countries, national and international NGOs, and other institutions. While AREU makes a sincere effort to provide the most accurate and current information possible with each edition produced, details evolve and change continuously. Users of this guide are encouraged to submit updates, additions, corrections and suggestions to [email protected]. © 2014 Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the publisher, the Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit. Permission can be obtained by emailing [email protected] or by calling +93 (0) 799 608 548. Provincial Profiles (maps and data):Word Bank and Central Statistics Organization Photos: Sameer Hamgam Cover photograph: An Afghan man making pottery in Istalif. Tab photographs: Provincial Profile:Mandawi Bazar, Kabul Nov 2013. A to Z : An Afghan man making Rubab (music insturment), Kabul Dec 2013. Government: A shop of pottery dishes, Kabul Dec 2013. Mar 2012. Contacts: A child polishing shoes, Kabul Dec 2013. Documents: Cement factory, Kabul Dec 2013. Index, Pottery dishes in which grapes are kept in winter called “kangina”, Kabul Dec 2013. Contact Information: 3rd street on the left from Charahi Haji Yacoub toward Charahi Shaheed House No. 144, first gate on the right Shahr-i-Naw, Kabul, Afghanistan Phone: +93 (0) 799 608 548 Email: [email protected] Website: www.areu.org.af The AREU library is located at the AREU office in Kabul and is open: Sunday to Thursday: 9 a.m.
    [Show full text]
  • The a to Z Guide to Assistance in Afghanistan
    The A to Z Guide to Assistance in Afghanistan 2020 Fourteenth Edition The A to Z Guide to Assistance in Afghanistan 2020 Fourteenth Edition Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit IMPORTANT NOTE: The information presented in this guide relies on the voluntary contributions of ministries and agencies of the Afghan government, embassies, development agencies and other organisations representing donor countries, national and international NGOs and other institutions. While AREU makes a sincere effort to provide the most accurate and current information possible with each edition produced, details evolve and change continuously. Users of this guide are encouraged to submit updates, additions, corrections and suggestions to [email protected]. © 2020 Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher, the Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit. Permission can be obtained by emailing [email protected] or by calling +93 (0) 799 608 548. Funding for this publication is provided by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). Provincial Profiles (maps and data): © World Bank; © Central Statistics Organization Maps: Ministry of Urban Development and Land, National Statistics and Information Authority, and OCHA Contact Information Address: District 10, Shahr-i-Naw, Kabul, Afghanistan Phone: +93 (0) 799 608 548 Email: [email protected] Website: www.areu.org.af The AREU library is located at the AREU office in Kabul and is open: Sunday to Thursday from 9 a.m.–12:30 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • The Newafghanistan
    The Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan WASHINGTON, DC 2016 The New Afghanistan A TRANSFORMATION IN PROGRESS i Table of Contents A Message from Ambassador Mohib 1 From Destruction to Democracy 2 A decade of state-building Realizing Self-Reliance 6 Implementing a vision for a brighter future Progress in Pictures 8 Snapshots from a country in transition The Third Pillar 10 Strengthening Afghanistan’s economy The 6 Building Blocks of Peace 12 The path to sustainable reconciliation The Way Forward 14 Overcoming our challenges In the Spotlight 16 Profiles A MESSAGE FROM AMBASSADOR MOHIB AFGHANISTAN HAS MADE GREAT PROGRESS since the Taliban regime was ousted in 2001. Today we are a nascent democracy whose people dream of living in a modern, prosperous, peaceful country. In 2014, we began the process of making that dream As ambassador, my time in a reality with the historic election of the National Washington will be spent Unity Government. Under President Ashraf Ghani and deepening the relationship Chief Executive Abdullah Abdullah, the government has between Afghanistan and launched a sweeping reform plan to address Afghanistan’s America and searching most intransigent challenges and nurture its most for new opportunities to promising potential. cooperate in ways that can benefit us both. Afghanistan’s “Transformation Decade” is underway and progress has already been made on advancing the rights We do not minimize the of women and girls, eradicating the culture of corruption, challenges before us, but we stimulating private sector investment and business growth, ask others not to minimize strengthening democratic governance and accountability, our commitment to solving confronting drug cultivation and trafficking, and strength- them.
    [Show full text]
  • Afghan Women in Geopolitical Imaginaries: Between NATO and India Written by Devaditya Agnihotri and Katharine A
    Afghan Women in Geopolitical Imaginaries: Between NATO and India Written by Devaditya Agnihotri and Katharine A. M. Wright This PDF is auto-generated for reference only. As such, it may contain some conversion errors and/or missing information. For all formal use please refer to the official version on the website, as linked below. Afghan Women in Geopolitical Imaginaries: Between NATO and India https://www.e-ir.info/2020/05/11/afghan-women-in-geopolitical-imaginaries-between-nato-and-india/ DEVADITYA AGNIHOTRI AND KATHARINE A. M. WRIGHT, MAY 11 2020 On March 6th, 2015, the US Secretary of State presented Captain Niloofar Rahmani, the first Afghan women to serve as a fixed-wing air force pilot, with the International Women of Courage award. Rahmani’s story elevated her onto the international stage and was told across global news outlets and also by the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). Her fame came at a personal price, with death threats from the Taliban directed at her and her extended family, culminating in Rahmani being granted asylum in the US in 2018. Rahami herself has accused the West of ‘making her a target by using her as a poster girl for women’s rights and then abandoning her’. The global media coverage following the successful completion of training in 2016 is therefore worth examining. Much has been written about how the emancipation of Afghan women has been key to Western justifications for the continued intervention in Afghanistan. What has received less attention, is how these stories have permeated beyond the West, for example in India where women officers from the Afghan National Army and Air Force took part in a 21-day military course at Chennai’s Officers Training Academy.
    [Show full text]