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Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2019 MLauroahd Vaenresnsa MPeraistierr iotism Follow this and additional works at the DigiNole: FSU's Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MUSIC MODERN PATRIOTISM By LAURAH MERISIER A Thesis submitted to the College of Music in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music Education 2019 i Laurah Merisier defended this thesis on April 19, 2019. The members of the supervisory committee were: Kimberly VanWeelden Professor Directing Thesis Katarzyna Bugaj Committee Member William Fredrickson Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-name committee members, and certifies that the thesis has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS To my partner, Thomas, for being by my side throughout this whole process. Thank you for taking a leap of faith, uprooting our lives, and moving with me to Tallahassee to be my support system while I pursued my master’s degree. Thank you for the late-night cups of tea, for leaving the light on when you needed to sleep, and for locking yourself in the guest room so I could have uninterrupted writing time. Thank you to my advisor and major professor Dr. VanWeelden. You have been so generous with me in giving me so many opportunities to learn and improve. Thank you for trusting me to teach Conducting and assisting you in Secondary General Music and Senior Choir. Thank you for your patience throughout this thesis writing process. You have been such a role model for me. Thank you to my committee members, Dr. Fredrickson and Dr. Bugaj, for your kindness and generosity. I enjoyed my time in both of your courses and felt an academic connection to the both of you. Dr. Fredrickson, you were the first professor in my experience at FSU to listen and accept my outspoken opinions, thank you. Dr. Bugaj, you were the first professor to encourage me to share these opinions in scholarly writing. You gave me the tools to express myself with my knowledge rather than my emotions, thank you. Thank you to librarian extraordinaire, Laura Gayle Greene for always being available and willing to sit together and help. Thank you for your constant words of encouragement and your periodic check ins, you are such a thoughtful and kind soul. Thank you to my family and friends who dealt with the great distance between us and always let me have the space I needed to be successful. Thank you for holding me up and keeping me tethered. I love you all. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. viii 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Operational Definitions .................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Purpose and Research Questions ..................................................................................... 2 2 PATRIOTIC SONGS IN AMERICAN MUSIC EDUCATION .................................................. 4 2.1 History of Patriotic Music in the Classroom.................................................................... 4 2.1.1 World War I ............................................................................................................. 5 2.1.2 World War II............................................................................................................ 6 2.1.3 Following The War.................................................................................................. 8 2.1.4 Post-September 11, 2001 ........................................................................................ 9 2.2 Patriotic Songs in Modern Music Education Curricula ................................................. 10 2.2.1 McGraw Hill’s Spotlight on Music Music Studio..................................................11 2.2.2 Online Learning Exchange Interactive Music powered by Silver Burdett with Alfred ............................................................................................................................. 12 2.2.3 John Jacobson’s Music Express ............................................................................ 12 2.2.4 Quaver Music ........................................................................................................ 13 3 HISTORY OF AMERICAN PATRIOTIC SONGS ................................................................... 17 3.1 The American Revolution, 1763 – 1783 ........................................................................ 18 3.1.1 Liberty Song .......................................................................................................... 18 iv 3.2 The New Nation, 1783-1815 .......................................................................................... 23 3.2.1 Hail Columbia ....................................................................................................... 23 3.3. National Expansion and Reform, 1815-1860................................................................ 27 3.3.1 America ................................................................................................................. 27 3.3.2 Dixie ...................................................................................................................... 31 3.4 Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861 – 1877 .................................................................. 34 3.4.1 Battle Hymn of the Republic ................................................................................. 35 3.5 Rise of Industrial America, 1876 – 1900 ....................................................................... 38 3.5.1 America the Beautiful ........................................................................................... 38 3.6 Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 ........................................................................ 42 3.6.1 Lift Every Voice and Sing ...................................................................................... 42 3.6.2 You’re a Grand Old Flag ...................................................................................... 46 3.7 Great Depression and World War II, 1929 – 1945 ......................................................... 50 3.7.1 God Bless America ................................................................................................ 50 3.7.2 This Land Is Your Land ......................................................................................... 54 3.8 Postwar United. States, 1945 – 1968 ............................................................................. 59 3.8.1 God Bless the U.S.A. ............................................................................................. 59 4 THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER ............................................................................................. 63 4.1 History of The Star-Spangled Banner ............................................................................ 64 4.2 Finding an Official National Anthem............................................................................. 68 v 4.2.1 Functions ............................................................................................................... 70 4.2.2 Oppositions ........................................................................................................... 74 4.2.3 Renditions ............................................................................................................. 76 5 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................... 79 5.1 Explanation of the Research Questions ......................................................................... 79 5.1.1 What Role Does Music Education Curricula Play in Shaping American Patriotism? ..................................................................................................................... 79 5.1.3 Is The Star-Spangled Banner the Best Song To Represent an Increasingly Diverse United States of America? ............................................................................................. 81 5.2 Further Research ............................................................................................................ 82 5.3 Limitations ..................................................................................................................... 84 5.4 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 84 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 86 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH ........................................................................................................ 91 vi LIST OF FIGURES 1 Liberty Song in the Boston Gazette July 18, 1768 ................................................................ 20 2 Sheet Music of Hail Columbia, the Favourite New Federal Song from Library of Congress, by Hopkinson, J. ...................................................................................................................