Locking Down Javascript Engines
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Differential Fuzzing the Webassembly
Master’s Programme in Security and Cloud Computing Differential Fuzzing the WebAssembly Master’s Thesis Gilang Mentari Hamidy MASTER’S THESIS Aalto University - EURECOM MASTER’STHESIS 2020 Differential Fuzzing the WebAssembly Fuzzing Différentiel le WebAssembly Gilang Mentari Hamidy This thesis is a public document and does not contain any confidential information. Cette thèse est un document public et ne contient aucun information confidentielle. Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Technology. Antibes, 27 July 2020 Supervisor: Prof. Davide Balzarotti, EURECOM Co-Supervisor: Prof. Jan-Erik Ekberg, Aalto University Copyright © 2020 Gilang Mentari Hamidy Aalto University - School of Science EURECOM Master’s Programme in Security and Cloud Computing Abstract Author Gilang Mentari Hamidy Title Differential Fuzzing the WebAssembly School School of Science Degree programme Master of Science Major Security and Cloud Computing (SECCLO) Code SCI3084 Supervisor Prof. Davide Balzarotti, EURECOM Prof. Jan-Erik Ekberg, Aalto University Level Master’s thesis Date 27 July 2020 Pages 133 Language English Abstract WebAssembly, colloquially known as Wasm, is a specification for an intermediate representation that is suitable for the web environment, particularly in the client-side. It provides a machine abstraction and hardware-agnostic instruction sets, where a high-level programming language can target the compilation to the Wasm instead of specific hardware architecture. The JavaScript engine implements the Wasm specification and recompiles the Wasm instruction to the target machine instruction where the program is executed. Technically, Wasm is similar to a popular virtual machine bytecode, such as Java Virtual Machine (JVM) or Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL). -
Interaction Between Web Browsers and Script Engines
IT 12 058 Examensarbete 45 hp November 2012 Interaction between web browsers and script engines Xiaoyu Zhuang Institutionen för informationsteknologi Department of Information Technology Abstract Interaction between web browser and the script engine Xiaoyu Zhuang Teknisk- naturvetenskaplig fakultet UTH-enheten Web browser plays an important part of internet experience and JavaScript is the most popular programming language as a client side script to build an active and Besöksadress: advance end user experience. The script engine which executes JavaScript needs to Ångströmlaboratoriet Lägerhyddsvägen 1 interact with web browser to get access to its DOM elements and other host objects. Hus 4, Plan 0 Browser from host side needs to initialize the script engine and dispatch script source code to the engine side. Postadress: This thesis studies the interaction between the script engine and its host browser. Box 536 751 21 Uppsala The shell where the engine address to make calls towards outside is called hosting layer. This report mainly discussed what operations could appear in this layer and Telefon: designed testing cases to validate if the browser is robust and reliable regarding 018 – 471 30 03 hosting operations. Telefax: 018 – 471 30 00 Hemsida: http://www.teknat.uu.se/student Handledare: Elena Boris Ämnesgranskare: Justin Pearson Examinator: Lisa Kaati IT 12 058 Tryckt av: Reprocentralen ITC Contents 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................ -
Extending Basic Block Versioning with Typed Object Shapes
Extending Basic Block Versioning with Typed Object Shapes Maxime Chevalier-Boisvert Marc Feeley DIRO, Universite´ de Montreal,´ Quebec, Canada DIRO, Universite´ de Montreal,´ Quebec, Canada [email protected] [email protected] Categories and Subject Descriptors D.3.4 [Programming Lan- Basic Block Versioning (BBV) [7] is a Just-In-Time (JIT) com- guages]: Processors—compilers, optimization, code generation, pilation strategy which allows rapid and effective generation of run-time environments type-specialized machine code without a separate type analy- sis pass or complex speculative optimization and deoptimization Keywords Just-In-Time Compilation, Dynamic Language, Opti- strategies (Section 2.4). However, BBV, as previously introduced, mization, Object Oriented, JavaScript is inefficient in its handling of object property types. The first contribution of this paper is the extension of BBV with Abstract typed object shapes (Section 3.1), object descriptors which encode type information about object properties. Type meta-information Typical JavaScript (JS) programs feature a large number of object associated with object properties then becomes available at prop- property accesses. Hence, fast property reads and writes are cru- erty reads. This allows eliminating run-time type tests dependent on cial for good performance. Unfortunately, many (often redundant) object property accesses. The target of method calls is also known dynamic checks are implied in each property access and the seman- in most cases. tic complexity of JS makes it difficult to optimize away these tests The second contribution of this paper is a further extension through program analysis. of BBV with shape propagation (Section 3.3), the propagation We introduce two techniques to effectively eliminate a large and specialization of code based on object shapes. -
Machine Learning in the Browser
Machine Learning in the Browser The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:38811507 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Machine Learning in the Browser a thesis presented by Tomas Reimers to The Department of Computer Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in the subject of Computer Science Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts March 2017 Contents 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Background . .3 1.2 Motivation . .4 1.2.1 Privacy . .4 1.2.2 Unavailable Server . .4 1.2.3 Simple, Self-Contained Demos . .5 1.3 Challenges . .5 1.3.1 Performance . .5 1.3.2 Poor Generality . .7 1.3.3 Manual Implementation in JavaScript . .7 2 The TensorFlow Architecture 7 2.1 TensorFlow's API . .7 2.2 TensorFlow's Implementation . .9 2.3 Portability . .9 3 Compiling TensorFlow into JavaScript 10 3.1 Motivation to Compile . 10 3.2 Background on Emscripten . 10 3.2.1 Build Process . 12 3.2.2 Dependencies . 12 3.2.3 Bitness Assumptions . 13 3.2.4 Concurrency Model . 13 3.3 Experiences . 14 4 Results 15 4.1 Benchmarks . 15 4.2 Library Size . 16 4.3 WebAssembly . 17 5 Developer Experience 17 5.1 Universal Graph Runner . -
Javascript API Deprecation in the Wild: a First Assessment
JavaScript API Deprecation in the Wild: A First Assessment Romulo Nascimento, Aline Brito, Andre Hora, Eduardo Figueiredo Department of Computer Science Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil romulonascimento, alinebrito, andrehora,figueiredo @dcc.ufmg.br { } Abstract—Building an application using third-party libraries of our knowledge, there are no detailed studies regarding API is a common practice in software development. As any other deprecation in the JavaScript ecosystem. software system, code libraries and their APIs evolve over JavaScript has become extremely popular over the last years. time. In order to help version migration and ensure backward According to the Stack Overflow 2019 Developer Survey1, compatibility, a recommended practice during development is to deprecate API. Although studies have been conducted to JavaScript is the most popular programming language in this investigate deprecation in some programming languages, such as platform for the seventh consecutive year. GitHub also reports Java and C#, there are no detailed studies on API deprecation that JavaScript is the most popular language in terms of unique in the JavaScript ecosystem. This paper provides an initial contributors to both public and private repositories2. The npm assessment of API deprecation in JavaScript by analyzing 50 platform, the largest JavaScript package manager, states on popular software projects. Initial results suggest that the use of 3 deprecation mechanisms in JavaScript packages is low. However, their latest survey that 99% of JavaScript developers rely on wefindfive different ways that developers use to deprecate API npm to ease the management of their project dependencies. in the studied projects. Among these solutions, deprecation utility This survey also points out the massive growth in npm usage (i.e., any sort of function specially written to aid deprecation) and that started about 5 years ago. -
Rich Media Web Application Development I Week 1 Developing Rich Media Apps Today’S Topics
IGME-330 Rich Media Web Application Development I Week 1 Developing Rich Media Apps Today’s topics • Tools we’ll use – what’s the IDE we’ll be using? (hint: none) • This class is about “Rich Media” – we’ll need a “Rich client” – what’s that? • Rich media Plug-ins v. Native browser support for rich media • Who’s in charge of the HTML5 browser API? (hint: no one!) • Where did HTML5 come from? • What are the capabilities of an HTML5 browser? • Browser layout engines • JavaScript Engines Tools we’ll use • Browsers: • Google Chrome - assignments will be graded on Chrome • Safari • Firefox • Text Editor of your choice – no IDE necessary • Adobe Brackets (available in the labs) • Notepad++ on Windows (available in the labs) • BBEdit or TextWrangler on Mac • Others: Atom, Sublime • Documentation: • https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document_Object_Model • https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Canvas_API/Tutorial • https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide What is a “Rich Client” • A traditional “web 1.0” application needs to refresh the entire page if there is even the smallest change to it. • A “rich client” application can update just part of the page without having to reload the entire page. This makes it act like a desktop application - see Gmail, Flickr, Facebook, ... Rich Client programming in a web browser • Two choices: • Use a plug-in like Flash, Silverlight, Java, or ActiveX • Use the built-in JavaScript functionality of modern web browsers to access the native DOM (Document Object Model) of HTML5 compliant web browsers. -
Flash Player and Linux
Flash Player and Linux Ed Costello Engineering Manager Adobe Flash Player Tinic Uro Sr. Software Engineer Adobe Flash Player 2007 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Overview . History and Evolution of Flash Player . Flash Player 9 and Linux . On the Horizon 2 2007 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Flash on the Web: Yesterday 3 2006 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Flash on the Web: Today 4 2006 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. A Brief History of Flash Player Flash Flash Flash Flash Linux Player 5 Player 6 Player 7 Player 9 Feb 2001 Dec 2002 May 2004 Jan 2007 Win/ Flash Flash Flash Flash Flash Flash Flash Mac Player 3 Player 4 Player 5 Player 6 Player 7 Player 8 Player 9 Sep 1998 Jun 1999 Aug 2000 Mar 2002 Sep 2003 Aug 2005 Jun 2006 … Vector Animation Interactivity “RIAs” Developers Expressive Performance & Video & Standards Simple Actions, ActionScript Components, ActionScript Filters, ActionScript 3.0, Movie Clips, 1.0 Video (H.263) 2.0 Blend Modes, New virtual Motion Tween, (ECMAScript High-!delity machine MP3 ed. 3), text, Streaming Video (ON2) video 5 2007 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Widest Reach . Ubiquitous, cross-platform, rich media and rich internet application runtime . Installed on 98% of internet- connected desktops1 . Consistently reaches 80% penetration within 12 months of release2 . Flash Player 9 reached 80%+ penetration in <9 months . YUM-savvy updater to support rapid/consistent Linux penetration 1. Source: Millward-Brown September 2006. Mature Market data. 2. Source: NPD plug-in penetration study 6 2007 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. -
Online Visualization of Geospatial Stream Data Using the Worldwide Telescope
Online Visualization of Geospatial Stream Data using the WorldWide Telescope Mohamed Ali#, Badrish Chandramouli*, Jonathan Fay*, Curtis Wong*, Steven Drucker*, Balan Sethu Raman# #Microsoft SQL Server, One Microsoft Way, Redmond WA 98052 {mali, sethur}@microsoft.com *Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Redmond WA 98052 {badrishc, jfay, curtis.wong, sdrucker}@microsoft.com ABSTRACT execution query pipeline. StreamInsight has been used in the past This demo presents the ongoing effort to meld the stream query to process geospatial data, e.g., in traffic monitoring [4, 5]. processing capabilities of Microsoft StreamInsight with the On the other hand, the WorldWide Telescope (WWT) [9] enables visualization capabilities of the WorldWide Telescope. This effort a computer to function as a virtual telescope, bringing together provides visualization opportunities to manage, analyze, and imagery from the various ground and space-based telescopes in process real-time information that is of spatio-temporal nature. the world. WWT enables a wide range of user experiences, from The demo scenario is based on detecting, tracking and predicting narrated guided tours from astronomers and educators featuring interesting patterns over historical logs and real-time feeds of interesting places in the sky, to the ability to explore the features earthquake data. of planets. One interesting feature of WWT is its use as a 3-D model of earth, enabling its use as an earth viewer. 1. INTRODUCTION Real-time stream data acquisition has been widely used in This demo presents the ongoing work at Microsoft Research and numerous applications such as network monitoring, Microsoft SQL Server groups to meld the value of stream query telecommunications data management, security, manufacturing, processing of StreamInsight with the unique visualization and sensor networks. -
Internet Explorer 9 Features
m National Institute of Information Technologies NIIT White Paper On “What is New in Internet Explorer 9” Submitted by: Md. Yusuf Hasan Student ID: S093022200027 Year: 1st Quarter: 2nd Program: M.M.S Date - 08 June 2010 Dhaka - Bangladesh Internet Explorer History Abstract: In the early 90s—the dawn of history as far as the World Wide Web is concerned—relatively few users were communicating across this Internet Explorer 9 (abbreviated as IE9) is the upcoming global network. They used an assortment of shareware and other version of the Internet Explorer web browser from software for Microsoft Windows operating system. In 1995, Microsoft Microsoft. It is currently in development, but developer hosted an Internet Strategy Day and announced its commitment to adding Internet capabilities to all its products. In fulfillment of that previews have been released. announcement, Microsoft Internet Explorer arrived as both a graphical Web browser and the name for a set of technologies. IE9 will have complete or nearly complete support for all 1995: Internet Explorer 1.0: In July 1995, Microsoft released the CSS 3 selectors, border-radius CSS 3 property, faster Windows 95 operating system, which included built-in support for JavaScript and embedded ICC v2 or v4 color profiles dial-up networking and TCP/IP (Transmission Control support via Windows Color System. IE9 will feature Protocol/Internet Protocol), key technologies for connecting to the hardware accelerated graphics rendering using Direct2D, Internet. In response to the growing public interest in the Internet, Microsoft created an add-on to the operating system called Internet hardware accelerated text rendering using Direct Write, Explorer 1.0. -
Onclick Event-Handler
App Dev Stefano Balietti Center for European Social Science Research at Mannheim University (MZES) Alfred-Weber Institute of Economics at Heidelberg University @balietti | stefanobalietti.com | @nodegameorg | nodegame.org Building Digital Skills: 5-14 May 2021, University of Luzern Goals of the Seminar: 1. Writing and understanding asynchronous code: event- listeners, remote functions invocation. 2. Basic front-end development: HTML, JavaScript, CSS, debugging front-end code. 3. Introduction to front-end frameworks: jQuery and Bootstrap 4. Introduction to back-end development: NodeJS Express server, RESTful API, Heroku cloud. Outputs of the Seminar: 1. Web app: in NodeJS/Express. 2. Chrome extensions: architecture and examples. 3. Behavioral experiment/survey: nodeGame framework. 4. Mobile development: hybrid apps with Apache Cordova, intro to Ionic Framework, progressive apps (PWA). Your Instructor: Stefano Balietti http://stefanobalietti.com Currently • Fellow in Sociology Mannheim Center for European Social Research (MZES) • Postdoc at the Alfred Weber Institute of Economics at Heidelberg University Previously o Microsoft Research - Computational Social Science New York City o Postdoc Network Science Institute, Northeastern University o Fellow IQSS, Harvard University o PhD, Postdoc, Computational Social Science, ETH Zurich My Methodology Interface of computer science, sociology, and economics Agent- Social Network Based Analysis Models Machine Learning for Optimal Experimental Experimental Methods Design Building Platforms Patterns -
Behavioural Analysis of Tracing JIT Compiler Embedded in the Methodical Accelerator Design Software
Scuola Politecnica e delle Scienze di Base Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Ingegneria Informatica Tesi di laurea magistrale in Calcolatori Elettronici II Behavioural Analysis of Tracing JIT Compiler Embedded in the Methodical Accelerator Design Software Anno Accademico 2018/2019 CERN-THESIS-2019-152 //2019 relatori Ch.mo prof. Nicola Mazzocca Ch.mo prof. Pasquale Arpaia correlatore Ing. Laurent Deniau PhD candidato Dario d’Andrea matr. M63000695 Acknowledgements Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisor at CERN, Laurent Deniau, for his daily support and his useful suggestions throughout the work described in this thesis. I would like to express my gratitude to both my university supervisors, Nicola Mazzocca and Pasquale Arpaia, for their helpfulness during this work and for their support during the past years at university. I feel privileged of being allowed to work with such inspiring mentors. This thesis would not have been possible without the help from the community of the LuaJIT project including all the useful insights contained in its mailing list, specially by its author, Mike Pall, who worked for many years accomplishing an amazing job. A special acknowledgement should be addressed to my family. I thank my father Guido and my mother Leda who guided me with love during my education and my life. I am grateful to my brother Fabio, my grandmother Tina, and my uncle Nicola, for their support during the past years. I also want to remember my uncle Bruno who inspired me for my academic career. I wish to express my deepest gratitude to Alicia for her unconditional encour- agement. -
The Fourth Paradigm
ABOUT THE FOURTH PARADIGM This book presents the first broad look at the rapidly emerging field of data- THE FOUR intensive science, with the goal of influencing the worldwide scientific and com- puting research communities and inspiring the next generation of scientists. Increasingly, scientific breakthroughs will be powered by advanced computing capabilities that help researchers manipulate and explore massive datasets. The speed at which any given scientific discipline advances will depend on how well its researchers collaborate with one another, and with technologists, in areas of eScience such as databases, workflow management, visualization, and cloud- computing technologies. This collection of essays expands on the vision of pio- T neering computer scientist Jim Gray for a new, fourth paradigm of discovery based H PARADIGM on data-intensive science and offers insights into how it can be fully realized. “The impact of Jim Gray’s thinking is continuing to get people to think in a new way about how data and software are redefining what it means to do science.” —Bill GaTES “I often tell people working in eScience that they aren’t in this field because they are visionaries or super-intelligent—it’s because they care about science The and they are alive now. It is about technology changing the world, and science taking advantage of it, to do more and do better.” —RhyS FRANCIS, AUSTRALIAN eRESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE COUNCIL F OURTH “One of the greatest challenges for 21st-century science is how we respond to this new era of data-intensive