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Essentials of Social Psychology Dr Bjarne Holmes, Heriot-Watt University

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Essentials of Social Psychology Dr Bjarne Holmes, Heriot-Watt University “A well written, well structured introductory textbook covering the most current literature in the fi eld. “ . no doubt the most creative, exciting, and inspired textbook Throughout the chapters, complex phenomena are described and explained in a comprehensible way on the market. It reminded me of how exciting it is to learn.” that applies directly to the students’ everyday lives.” Dr Torun Lindholm, Stockholm University Essentials Dr Bjarne Holmes, Heriot-Watt University “By journey’s end the reader will have accumulated a comprehensive understanding of contemporary, international social psychology, and critically, will have enjoyed the trip as well.” Dr John Kremer, Queen’s University, Belfast Do computer games that portray violence make people more aggressive; of Social Psychology or are they a harmless outlet for frustrations? Can we study love scientifi cally; or should we pack the statistics away and leave it to the poets? What makes people obey authority, even when they believe the consequences are likely to be destructive or harmful? Essentials of Social Psychology provides an insight into questions such as those above as it guides the reader through the foundations of social psychology. Key concepts and theories are explained with clarity, debates and controversies are brought to life and the wider practical relevance of the subject is emphasised throughout. A range of pedagogical features are included to help you consolidate your understanding and appreciate the relevance of social psychology in the real world: ● Research classic boxes describe classic studies and draw out their implications and continuing relevance. ● Research and applications boxes highlight more contemporary developments in social psychological research and their practical applications. ● Real world boxes look at the everyday relevance of social psychology, providing extended examples of theories and concepts in action. ● Literature, fi lm and TV sections demonstrate how social psychological concepts are dealt with in popular media. This is a clear, concise, academically rigorous, and above all accessible introduction to the main phenomena, theories and fi ndings of social psychology. It is the ideal resource for those studying the subject for the fi rst time, or as part of a more general programme of study. Hogg & Vaughan Hogg & B E W Essentials of Social Psychology comes with MyPsychLab, an interactive online study resource available from www.mypsychlab.co.uk. Take a test to get a personalised study plan and explore video and audio activities, animations and additional question material to consolidate and further your understanding. Michael Hogg is Professor of Social Psychology at Claremont Graduate University. Graham Vaughan is Professor of Psychology at the University of Auckland. of © Corbis Premium RF/Alamy Essentials u n l l image: Cover o o s s c c e e k k c c r r v v u u a a o o l l s s u ACCESS e e a CODE r b l e g INSIDE n o i Social Psychology n rn line lea ONCE OPENED THIS PACK www.pearson-books.com CANNOT BE RETURNED FOR A REFUND Michael A. Hogg & Graham M. Vaughan CVR_HOGG9328_01_SE_CVR_final.indd 1 26/10/09 16:25:11 A01_HOGG9328_01_SE_FM.QXD:Layout 1 20/10/09 10:55 Page i “This is a well written, well structured introductory textbook covering the most current literature in the field. Throughout the chapters, complex phenomena are described and explained in a comprehensible way that applies directly to the students’ everyday lives. The authors manage to provide both in breadth and depth across this wide and fascinating discipline.” Dr Torun Lindholm, Stockholm University “Hogg and Vaughan’s book is clear in its explanations and contemporary in its examples. An excellent text in both its critique and analysis, I will be recommending this as the ideal core text to parallel my teaching for undergraduate students in social psychology.” Paul Muff, University of Bradford “Hogg and Vaughan have managed to yet again produce a great social psychology book. The text should prove useful for students who wish to learn about the key aspects of social psychology. It is an engaging read that clearly and concisely introduces the reader to the world of social psychology!” Dr Cathrine Jansson-Boyd, Anglia Ruskin University “Hogg and Vaughan successfully capture the essence of what is all around, all the time and what concerns us all: social psychology. Each topic is captivating and the format is easy-to-grasp yet instructive. I strongly recommend this volume.” Professor Pär Anders Granhag, Göteborg University “Essentials of Social Psycholology is no doubt the most creative, exciting, and inspired textbook on the market. It reminded me of how exciting it is to learn.” Dr Bjarne Holmes, Heriot-Watt University “For any introductory psychology text to succeed it must strike the right balance between academic rigour and accessibility for the naïve reader. The authors of Essentials of Social Psychology have drawn of their wealth of writing experience to walk this tightrope with considerable aplomb, producing a book that leads you by the hand through the contemporary landscape of social psychology in a way that never feels overly challenging or daunting. Pitched with the introductory market always in mind, by journey’s end the reader will have accumulated a comprehensive under- standing of contemporary, international social psychology, and critically, will have enjoyed the trip as well.” Dr John Kremer, Queen’s University Belfast “This is a very comprehensive volume and, compared to many competitors, has increased relevance to contemporary issues, including more than enough material to generate hours of critical discussion about the role of (social) psychology in the contemporary world. It’s not only a good text book for students but a useful reference work for postgraduates and academic staff.” Dr Ron Roberts, Kingston University A01_HOGG9328_01_SE_FM.QXD:Layout 1 20/10/09 10:55 Page ii We work with leading authors to develop the strongest educational materials in psychology bringing cutting-edge thinking and best learning practice to a global market. Under a range of well-known imprints, including Prentice Hall, we craft high-quality print and electronic publications which help readers to understand and apply their content, whether studying or at work. To find out more about the complete range of our publishing, please visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk. A01_HOGG9328_01_SE_FM.QXD:Layout 1 20/10/09 10:55 Page iii Essentials of Social Psychology Michael A. Hogg Claremont Graduate University Graham M. Vaughan University of Auckland A01_HOGG9328_01_SE_FM.QXD:Layout 1 20/10/09 10:55 Page iv Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk First published 2010 © Pearson Education Limited 2010 The rights of Michael Hogg and Graham Vaughan to be identified as authors of this Work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London, EC1N 8TS. All trademarks used therein are the property of their respective owners. The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any affiliation with or endorsement of this book by such owners. ISBN 978-0-13-206932-8 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hogg, Michael A., 1954– Essentials of social psychology / Michael A. Hogg, Graham M. Vaughan. -- 1st ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-13-206932-8 (pbk.) 1. Social psychology. I. Vaughan, Graham M. II. Title. HM1033.H644 2010 302--dc22 2009036150 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 13 12 11 10 09 Typeset in 10/12.5 Sabon by 30 Printed and bound by Rotolito Lombarda, Italy The publisher's policy is to use paper manufactured from sustainable forests. A01_HOGG9328_01_SE_FM.QXD:Layout 1 20/10/09 10:55 Page v Brief contents Contents vii List of figures and tables xv Guided tour xviii Preface xxv About the authors xxix Publisher’s acknowledgements xxx Chapter 1 What is social psychology? 1 Chapter 2 Social thinking 24 Chapter 3 Self, identity and society 62 Chapter 4 Attitudes and persuasion 92 Chapter 5 Conformity and social change 122 Chapter 6 People in groups 152 Chapter 7 Prejudice and intergroup relations 192 Chapter 8 Hurting other people 228 Chapter 9 Helping other people 260 Chapter 10 Attraction and close relationships 286 Chapter 11 Culture and communication 320 Glossary 351 References 361 Author index 405 Subject index 413 A01_HOGG9328_01_SE_FM.QXD:Layout 1 20/10/09 10:55 Page vi A01_HOGG9328_01_SE_FM.QXD:Layout 1 20/10/09 10:55 Page vii Contents List of figures and tables xv Guided tour xviii Preface xxv About the authors xxix Publisher’s acknowledgements xxx Chapter 1 What is social psychology? 1 What is social psychology? 2 Levels of explanation 3 Doing social psychology 5 Science 6 Testing hypotheses 6 Experiments 8 Other research methods 10 Doing research
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