November 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36411 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS HERITAGE OF HISTORIC AND Presbyterian Church became the sponsor prominent citizens who supported Cumber­ FAMED CUMBERLAND COLLEGE of the university-from 1946 to 1951 the land University in 1842-to Robert L. OF TENNESSEE-SERVANT OF THE Tennessee Baptist Convention sponsored Caruthers, lawyer, soldier, jurist, member of Cumberland. Congress, and president of CUmberland's NATION board of trustees for forty years; to James In the spring of 1951 the operation of Chamberlain Jones, governor and United Cumberland was restored to its own inde­ States senator; to Jordan Stokes, speaker of HON. JOE L. EVINS pendent board of trustees. Today Cum­ the State House of Representatives; and to OF TENNESSEE berland is nondenominational but Josiah Scott McClain, Zachariah Tolliver, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES strongly Christian in its interests and Thompson Anderson. Nathan Cartmell, Colo­ emphasis. nel M. A. Price, Dr. Miles McCorkle, Andrew Wednesday, November 7, 1973 Since 1962 when the law school was Allison, William L. Martin, Dr. Benjamin Owen, and Thomas J. Munford. Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, moved to the campus of now Samford The first classes were held that fall in a more than 130 years ago-in 1842-his­ University, Birmingham, Ala., Cumber­ little brick church building, but within its toric, famed, and beloved Cumberland land College at Lebanon, Tenn., has en­ walls the seedling flourished. Only two years University was created in Lebanon, tered a new and most rewarding phase later, backed by these men of wealth and Tenn., and since that time thousands of of its development, with interest on lib­ culture who made their homes in Lebanon, the gradu'ltes of this great institution eral arts-and recently Cumberland Col­ Cumberland occupied the finest new college have gone forth to provide spiritual and lege reached the highest enrollment fig­ building in the South. Within five years, it secular leadership in all walks of life w·es in its history. had started to train young lawyers; within ten, young ministers, in new colleges of the throughout America. I want to commend Dr. Ernest K. university, professional schools of law, theol­ Mr. G. Frank Burns, author and tal­ Stockton, president of Cumberland Col­ ogy, and medicine enlarging the original ented journalist of Lebanon, Tenn., lege of Tennessee, for his outstanding liberal arts and college preparatory curricula. where Cumberland College is located, in work in planning and moving forward The first graduates made their mark on the district which I am honored to repre­ with a program of progress-and I want the expanding nation before twenty years had sent in the Congress, has recently pre­ to commend Mr. David K. Wilson, chair­ passed. There were Cumberland men in the pared a current history of this great in­ man of the board of trustees, and other Congress, in the state houses, on the beneh, in pulpits from New York to Oregon before stitution in which he describes Cumber­ fellow members of the board of directors 1861. land College as "truly the servant of the of Cumberland College for their fine The American Civil War slashed across Nation." work and dedication to the growth and the story of Cumberland like a sabre stroke. Fourteen thousand students have progress of this grand old school and From civil life the college's sons went onto graduated from Cumberland and some Tennessee institution. the battlefield, some to earn a general's stars, 5,000 graduates are living today. Grad­ Today Cumberland College continues a others only a shallow grave. When the war uates have included more than 100 noble tradition at Lebanon, Tenn., as does was over, the magnificent building lay in Members of the U.S. House of Repre­ the law department under the name ashes. On a fragment of Corinthian column, Cumberland at Birmingham, Ala. after the cannon were quiet, a graduate sentatives, two Justices of the U.S. Su­ of Cumberland scrawled in charcoal­ preme Court, a great Secretary of State­ Because of the interest of my col­ "Resurgam." Cordell Hull-and a score of Senators, leagues and the Amelican people in lead­ "I shall arise,'' W. E. Ward wrote, and arise Governors, Federal, district, and State ing centers of learning throughout the Cumberland did, by sheer determination. judges, leaders of the bar, education and Nation, I place in the RECORD herewith The School of Law, re-opening around the other professions-in addition to many the excellent review and history of Cum­ nucleus of the Green family, a family whose other State and National leaders. berland College prepared by Mr. Burns­ members made a contribution to juris­ and I commend his beautifully written prudence spanning the one hundred ten The ideals and high principles that are years from 1831 when Nathan Green Sr. was a part of the CUmberland heritage have article concerning an institution that has named to the Supreme Court of Tennessee provided this Nation and many of its served our Nation so well for so many to 1947 when Chief Justice Grafton Green States with outstanding leadership years to the attention of my colleagues, died, developed the hard-as-nails discipline through the years. alumni and friends. of instruction which paid off for graduates. Indeed Cumberland College can prop­ Mr. Burns' review and history follow: The real gift of the Cumberland Univer­ erly be called a servant of the Nation THE HERITAGE OF CUMBERLAND COLLEGE, sity School of Law, looking back over the because of the vital and important con­ SERVANT OF THE NATION century and a quarter, was not its graduates (By G. Frank Burns) who have won fame and renown but rather tributions of many of its graduates in the the spirit of faith in the lasting tenets of national interest. In 1842 a college was born in Lebanon, democracy, passed on, like an unfailing Colleagues who were graduated from Tennessee. Its name was Cumberland Uni­ torch to five generations of young men and Cumberland and who are currently serv­ versity. Its godfather was the Cumberland women. ing in the Congress include Representa­ Presbyterian Church. Its lineage included In 1871, the School of Law reduced its tive Wright PATMAN, Democrat of Texas, two earlier schools--Cumberland College of course of study from fifteen months to two dean of the Congress and chairman of Nashville and Cumberland College of Prince­ semesters. The one-year course, with con­ ton, Kentucky. Its parents were the people of centrated study of textbooks, augmented by the House Committee on Banking and Lebanon, who gave the money necessary to OMAR lectures and moot court practice, was Currency; Representative BuR­ establish the new institution of higher edu­ adopted to meet the impoverished economic LESON, Democrat of Texas, former chair­ cation. And it was to have children-thou­ state of the South and Southwest after the man of the Commitee on House Admin­ sands of children-who, coming to Middle Civil War. The intense study required to istration and member of the Committee Tennessee from all fifty states of the Union complete the prescribed work within the on Ways and Means; Rep:::-esentative and many foreign countries, have gone out brief period proved precisely the ingredient ABRAHAM KAzEN, Democrat of Texas, a to serve in vocations both public and private. necessary to produce competent trial law­ Over this period of one hundred thirty-one yers. The number of Cumberland graduates member of two important committees of years, some fourteen thousand students have the House, Foreign Affairs and Interior who attained success on the bench, in gov­ graduated from Cumberland. About five ernment, and in business is almost incred­ and Insular Affairs; and myself. thousand are living today. They are in posi­ ible. Only Harvard University has had a At one time in recent years there were tions of trust throughout the land, serving higher percentage of its graduates in Who's some six chairmen of committees or sub­ in religion, in law, in education, in the armed Who in America. committees in the Congress who were services, in business, in the halls of the Con­ Dedicated teachers remaining at their Cumberland graduates. Mr. Burns points gress. Here CUmberland has proven itself to posts for a lifetime-Nathan Green Jr. for out in his excellent treatise on CUmber­ be tnlly the servant of the nation. 63 years, Andrew Bennett Martin for 42, land that only Harvard University has The town of Lebanon, founded in 1802 and William Richard Chambers for 14, Albert named for its cedars, had been a cultural, Bramlett Nell for 13, Samuel Burnham Gil­ had a higher percentage of its graduates religious, and political center of Middle Ten­ reath for so--produced a rich harvest from in Who's Who in America. nessee from the beginning. The deslra.blllty their labors in the vineyard. At the turn of the century, in 1906, the of education was apparent to the group ot From these Reconstruction years on, a 36412 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 8, 1973 great if poorly paid faculty was teaching a DffiECT POPULAR ELECTION OF THE cerned with our 50-State Union, and the peo­ student body in the College of Arts and Sci­ PRESIDENT: ONE OF MANY AN­ ple, in whatever State they may reside. ences, the Theological School, and the SWERS The one man one vote as proposed by Con­ School of Law whose members would reach gress to elect our President by direct vote­ the highest levels of their vocations. The overshadows tne more fundamental rights of fwerage length of service of a Cumberland the people in the several States, notwith­ t eacher in this era was 43 years. From scat­ HON. GUS YATRON standing, no citizen would be denied the tered, impoverished buildings in the small OF PENNSYLVANIA right to cast his ballot as advanced by H. J. town of Lebanon, Cumberland gradually ac­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Res. 318/681; but, in one State, the repre­ quired new homes for its classes, survived sentative value of his vote may be attenuated tl..lree great wars, surmounted economic de­ Wednesday, November 7, 1973 to a negligible voice, while in another, a vote pressions, and focused single-mindedly on its may well add unearned increment to a bloc chosen mission-to teach sound principles Mr. YATRON. Mr. Speaker, through of States that, by population concentration, of life. election reform legislation which I have create a problem less desirable than the elec­ Women students were admitted to Cum­ sponsored, I hope to see the establish­ toral college the direct vote would replace; berland University after 1897. Co-education ment of a meaningful and responsible or if one wills, consider such provisions: had been seen as inevitable for several years method of electing the President and "40% of majority lacking, run-off election, before; the expedient of a contractual al­ Vice President: The direct popular vote. selection by Congress from two highest votes, liance with Lebanon College for Young etc.", as a cumbersome, inherent, weakness, Ladies had preceded the official acceptance of I have long endorsed the concept of which may invite gerrymander abuse on a the new policy. "one man, one vote" and I believe that grand scale. In 1906, the Presbyterian Church in the the implementation of this system would Political guidelines must change from the United States of America became the spon­ represent a major improvement in the old way of selecting, then electing, our Presi­ sor of the university. This relationship con­ elective process. dent; indeed, a direct popular vote is long tinued until 1944. From 1946 until 1951, An excellent narrative on this subject overdue - cumulative abuse mandates cumberland was sponsored by the Tennes­ has been written by my friend and con­ change-but, to assure every citizen in the see Baptist Convention. In the spring of 1951 nation that his vote will be a fair share the operation of Cumberland was restored to stituent, Mr. Henry Wolfe, of Reading, product of his desire whether cast in New its own independent board of trustees. Today Pa. In his paper, Mr. Wolfe raises anum­ York, California, Pennsylvania, large popu­ Cumberland is non-denominational but ber of salient points which I feel merit lation States, or in Alaska, Vermont, Wyo­ Christian in its emphasis. the consideration of my colleagues. ming, small population States, to cite an Changing conditions in higher education I am, therefore, pleased to offer these example. have modified the program of the college. ideas, which follow: · Logically, if State and Federal Congres­ The school deliberately began to concentrate sional Districts form a base for equal repre­ its efforts into a sphere in which it could THE DmECT POPULAR ELECTION OF THE excel. In September, 1956, after a five-year PRESIDENT sentation, then, without value adjustment a direct vote for President cannot be con­ interim during which only the School of (By Henry Wolfe} Law was operated, the Cumberland College tained within this premise for a number of Wit h some philosophic overlay beyond a reasons, chiefly: Without a percentage ad­ of Arts and Sciences was reopened as a two­ pragmatic view that an external change, per­ year liberal arts college. It is a. member of the justment to population, less populated States haps a scaffold realignment, may be a better would be denied a fair voice in choosing their Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, way to put it, when, from time to time, it the Tennessee College Association, and the President: A gerrymander concept of an East­ becomes necessary to adjl,lst the calendar ern Seaboard-Northern Tier, or a West Coast­ American Association of Junior Colleges, clock of our political house to withstand with full accreditation. Cumberland has been ephemeral-induration, or technical accelera­ Southern Tier (or any other possible popula­ the coordinating institution for the AAJC tions-within-accelerations, that pressure the tion shift}, under a direct popular vote for program with developing institutions in the Congress to respond-sometimes unwisely, the President-literally would invite manip­ Central South. Enrollment steadily in­ q.v., Eighteenth Amendment. ulative campaigning. creased, and by 1970 reached the highest Moreover, coterminous . with misguided At any rate, a vote for the President cast figure in the institution's history. moral merchants come the parasitic ideol­ in Alaska would have approximately 66 less Cumberland began in 1962, when the ogists, domestic and foreign, to infect the vote power than a vote cast in California, School of Law moved to the campus of blood stream of our American political proc­ that is, on a one man one vote base. There­ Howard College (now Samford University) in ess; indeed, as this admixture of phony fore, to sharpen a valid point, the largest Birmingham, Alabama, a development pro­ morality and designed evil spills over into and the smallest pop·ulation States show a gram formulated by the board of trustees. political campaigns, that, by innuendo, di­ percentage voter gap between two (of the !!'wo phases are complete; the completion of rectly or indirectly besmirch Presidential 50) political subdivisions in a direct popular Phase Ill is anticipated. It includes the con­ candidates, stigmatize honorable Americans, vote. And, without Congressional action to struction of a new library and fine arts or to fragment the nation into ethnic, reli­ narrow this disparity gap to an acceptable building and a new health and physical edu­ gious, or racial vote potentials . . . clearly, this induced internal gut rot invites com­ tolerance, then, every American's vested in­ cation building. munistic vultures who salivate, ever alert, to terest in his President, via the ballot (na­ Under the leadership of David K. Wilson, pick clean the bones of America's body politic. tionwide) will be self-evident-unrequited chairman of the board, and President Ernest With this background, my remarks are ad­ or overstated. L. Stockton, Cumberland's mission has been dressed to a method felt to be within Con­ . The Watergate Hearings produced hind­ formulated; reasonable and attainable goals stitutional guidelines with a timeless safe­ sight, to be sure, but with a measure of have been established. As a teaching institu­ guard that each State and every American foresight the American people, whether they tion Cumberland today places emphasis on may share in the meaningful words: "Th& live in Wyoming-332,416, or Pennsylvanla- the individual student, in an atmosphere President of the United States. 11,793,000, or Vermont-444,330, or New where the classroom provides the setting and Indeed, the Congress, and the people at York-18,236,000, or a like comparison in any the opportunity for the student and the large, know this awesome High Office repre~ of the 50 States, can see an imbalance that teacher to know each other, to seek knowl­ sents much more than a geographic 50-Stat& can, should be, corrected merely by adjust­ edge and truth together, and to share a Union: That the President serves the Con­ ing State whole vote values to national per­ mutual concern for learning. gress, the Congress in turn, serves the Presi­ centages, say, by multiples of quarter vote Cordell Hull, father of the United Nations dent and the people via the Senate which factors. What could be more fair, an equal and the Good Neighbor Policy, winner of the guarantees 50-State territorial concern, while voice in choosing our PrP-sident-with a the House of Representatives touchstone of Nobel Price for Peace, and Secretary of State built-in self-adjustment with every 10-year the people, serves the Congress. Clearly, both . for longer than any other man, graduated census count? from Cumberland in 1891. Shortly before his the physical, and the people, blend into a single Congress whose bifurcated root stock ·Every American worth his salt should be death he said: proud to percentage-wise share his President "This school was created at a vital stage of pinnacles at full bloom with the Presidency. with all fellow Americans, and, to express our history to meet crying educational needs. Out of this magnificent gesture of repre­ Let me here assert with all emphasis, how­ sentative government, Constitutionally es­ his faith in the American political process (other than a. tie) that a f:imple majority ever, that urgent and important as those tablished, the selection of our President by is enough to elect. needs were at that juncture, the necessity for direct popular vote must not violate the the educational services of Cumberland is fundamental context in which the President In deference to the Congress, certainly, immeasurably more important and impera­ serves; indeed, the President (like the Con• but it is felt that encumbrances under H.J. tive today." gress), embraces a. twofold function con- Res. 318/681 should be reconsidered.

- November 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36413 STALIN'S MACABRE ''RELOCATION" silent about the revelation, absorbed as they If I had -been present, I would have PLAN were with the latest anti-war proclamations voted "yes" on roll No. 558; "yes" on roll and the antics of Daniel Ellsberg, the Brothers Berrigan and such. No. 559; "yes" on roll No. 560; and "yes" Testifying before the Senate subcommittee on No. 561. HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI was Avraham Shifrin, a Russian-born former OF ILLINOIS legal adviser to the Soviet Defense Ministry IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES who, after spending 10 ye~rs in various Rus­ sian slave labor camps, defected to the West. THIS IS NO TIME TO DECREASE OIL Wednesday, November 7, 1973 Political prisoners in the Soviet Union, EXPLORATION INCENTIVES Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, evi­ Shifrin testified, are kept constantly on the dentally, the House leadership has finally move, rarely remaining in any one camp for more than six months or a year. The reason HON. BILL ARCHER decided to permit consideration on the for this, he said, is strategic: to prevent the Trade Reform Act of 1973, next Tuesday. formation of an esprit de corps and reduce OF TEXAS I believe it is necessary for all of us to the possibility of organized opposition, revolt IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES recognize the foreign policy complica­ and escape. Wednesday, November 7, 1973 tions as they relate to sections of the bill It was in one of these prison complexes in which apply to the Soviet Union. Tayshet that Shifrin said he first heard of a Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, there is Since there is so much misunderstand­ bizarre story about Stalin's plan to liquidate pending before the two Houses of Con­ Soviet Jews. From other prisoners who had ing over the word "detente" and many gress a proposed tax provision that would been there, he learned that in 1952-a time sharply increase the minimum tax for may have innocently misconstrued the which coincides with the peak of the Stalinist ideas that may have developed concern­ anti-Jewish terror-they had been sent to tax preferences by raising the rate from ing the continuing purpose of the Soviet the Lake Baikel area to help construct a rail­ 10 percent to one-half the regular income foreign policy. : insert into the RECORD road spur running from the main line of the tax rate and by denying the taxpayer any an article by John Boland, carried in the Trans-Siberian Railroad for a distance of credit for regular income taxes paid. October 6 issue of Human Events, which two or three kilometers to the shore of the Moreover, the House version of the pro­ is a timely reminder of the policies con­ lake. Actually, the line ended on the edge of posal would reduce the $30,000 exclu­ a vertical cliff several hundred feet high that sion to $10,000 and the Senate version sistently followed by the Soviet dictator­ overlooked Baikal. ship: The prisoners worked overtime every day, would repeal the exclusion outright. LAKE BA.IKAL EXAMPLE-STALIN'S MACABRE seven days a week, on the project. As a bonus These proposals are H.R. 11155 and "RELOCATION" PLAN for their special efforts they were given 10 s. 2520. (By John Boland) days' credit for each day's work, meaning Under the proposals, the statutory de­ The brutality of Soviet-style communism that in three months each prisoner was given pletion rate for the energy industries was dramatically underlined in 1943 when a credit for 30 months off their sentence. would, in effect, be cut in half. This pro­ mass grave containing some 4,143 bodies was Some of the men were curious, however, posed tax increase would have a major discovered in the Russian Katyn Forest. It wondering what possible use a railroad that negative impact on this Nation's efforts had been proven beyond a doubt that the ended at the edge of a cliff would have. The officers in charge explained to them that to become self-sufficient in energy in bodies were those of Polish military officers order to eliminate its rapidly increasing being held in one of three Soviet prisoner-of­ Stalin wanted the railroad completed in a war camps near Smolensk. Over 10,000 addi­ hurry because he planned to a:vnounce the political and economic subservience to tional prisoners occupying the other two forcible deportation of all Soviet Jews to the the oil-producing nations. I should lil..:e us camps have never been accounted for; some "Jewish Soviet Republic" of Birobidjan. to think together for a few moments on believe the Reds packed the men into old Under Stalin's plan, the Jews would never just how serious our problem of oil im­ barges and scuttled them in the White Sea-­ get as far as Birobidjan, Shifrin said. Loaded port dependency has become. a less detectable mode of mass liquidation. in boxcars, they would be switched off the Recently, just over 15 percent of our Now there is evidence that thousands of Trans-Siberian line to the newly constructed spur that ended at the edge of the cliff over­ normal oil supply has been coming from Soviet Jews were similarly "ellminated" on Eastern Hemisphere countries, either orders from Stalin. The exact number can­ looking Lake Baikal. The railway spur to the not be ascertained, however, because the vic­ cli:ff was clearly being constructed so that directly as crude oil or indirectly as re­ tims were allegedly loaded in boxcars and the Jews could be liquidated without the fined products processed in refineries in rolled over a cliff into Russia's huge Siberian trouble of building crematoria as Hitler did the Caribbean, Canada, and Europe. Of freshwater lake-Lake Baikal-currently at­ in Germany to solve his "Jewish problem." the 15 percent, about 10 percent orig­ tracting the attention of world ecologists Shifrin told the Senate subcommittee that inates in Arab countries. Western Hemi­ and even the White House's Council on En­ he was skeptical about the story he had heard at Tayshet prison. But, in the course sphere imports account for about another vironmental Quality director, Russell E. 20 percent of total supply-making us Train. of his travels around the Soviet Union in Last September, Train traveled to the 1966-67 after being released from prison, he 35-percent dependent on imports from USSR to personally inspect Lake Baikal, made a point of visiting the Lake Baikal area aJl sources. which the ecologists say is becoming increas­ to search for the railroad tracks. To his sur­ With 15 percent Eastern Hemisphere ingly polluted by Soviet factories dumping prise-just as his fellow prisoners had said­ imports, we have already exceeded the raw waste, alkalines and other matter into he found the tracks terminating on the top of a cliff several hundred feet high. Every­ peril point specified in 1970 by the Presi­ it. No one is apparently concerned about pos­ dent's Cabinet Task Force on Oil Import sible past use of the lake as a Stalinist grave­ thing was as had been described, except that Control, which stated that im~orts from yard of the thousands of frightened, helpless the roadbed was overgrown with weeds and human beings packed like sardines in wooden the rails badly rusted. the Eastern Hemisphere should not ex­ crates a.nd drowned like so many unwanted He peered over the cli1f. Below was the ceed "an absolute maximum" of 10 per­ kittens. deepest lake in the world; containing more cent of domestic demand. Venezuela is With the spirit of detente in the air, offi­ water than in all the U.S. Great Lakes. Who producing at capacity; Canada has im­ cial Washington would probably think it knows how many innocent victims gasped posed a ceiling on its exports to the impolite, if not in bad taste, to bring the their last breath in the darkness of the now­ polluted Soviet Lake Baikal? United States; and U.S. production is matter up with the Soviets at all. While it's declining. perfectly "relevant" to speak of past injus­ Consequently, virtually all of the in­ tices of our government to, say, the original Indian victims of Wounded Knee, the same crease in our oil supply required to meet critical yardstick cannot be held up to crimes PERSONAL ANNOUNCEMENT growing demand must come from the committed by the current Kremlin leader­ Eastern Hemisphere. Even with much ship's predecessors. more careful use of energy by our people, The ghastly story of Lake Baikal was re­ HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOU oil demand could easily increase by 15 lated last February to members of a subcom­ OF KENTUCKY percent in 3 or 4 years-it was up half mittee of the U.S. Senate's committee on the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that much in 1972 alone. That means a Judiciary. It was included in the official record and subsequently released by the Wednesday, November 7, 1973 total of more than 30 percent in Eastern Superintendent of Documents under the title Hemisphere imports in several years-15 "USSR Labor Camps." Yet neither the New Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, I wish percent now plus a 15-percent growth in York Times nor the Washington Post-the to announce my necessary absence from demand, plus whatever is needed to offset two most powerful and most read newspapers the House on Tuesday, November 6, due declining U.S. production; and 30 per­ around the Capital-gave it a nod. The na­ to elections held on that day in my home cent is far above the Cabinet Task Force tional television networks were likewise district in Louisville, Ky. peril point. If the Alaskan pipeline is 36414 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 8, 1973 finally opened, there will be more do­ 12. In 1972, Kuwait placed a ceiling on its aroun d the world-except in the United mestic oil, but enough for only 2 year's production and exports in order to conserve its oil for future sale. States, where the price of oil from exist­ growth in consumption. 13. In the 'spring of 1973, Canada placed a ing fields is frozen at an average of about In view of the demonstrated unreli­ ceiling on its rapidly growing exports to the $4 per barrel. ability of imports from many Eastern United States in order to make sure that it Thus, the United States is now spend­ Hemisphere countries, the Cabinet Task could provide for its own internal require­ ing some $10 billion annually for im­ Force 10 percent peril point was cer­ ments in the future. There have also been ported oil of doubtful reliability, with the tainly well taken. Testimony presented repeated references by canadian officials to bill rising continually. More correctly, the by petroleum industry spokesmen at the possible movement of Western Canadian country would be spending $10 billion if crude to Eastern Canada, that would divert hearings before the Committee on Ways some of the oil now coming to the United ·its supplies from Arab countries were not and Means last March listed 11 inter­ States. shut off. And dependence on imports con­ ruptions of the flow of world oil supplies 14. In the fall of 1973, Libya. nationalized tinues to increase. during the past quarter century. Today. 51 percent of the properties of the larger oil These conditions cannot be tolerated. I should like to include that list of inter­ companies operating there, thereby diverting We must begin at once to take significant ruptions in the RECORD at this point and some of the Libyan exports to East Bloc steps to increase domestic production of then resume my remarks to bring the list countries. all energy sources. This is going to take . up to date. The list from the testimony 15. In the fall of 1973, the latest Arab­ Israeli war led to the following series of time because of the long leadtimes needed before the Ways and Means Committee events in the Middle East: to develop new productive facilities. Con­ is as follows: (a) The pipelines from Iraq and Saudi sequently, we must have an immediate There have been, since World War II. 11 Arabia to the Mediterranean were virtually crash national effort to develop offshore interruptions of international petroleu m shut off as the result of military action (one oil, shale oil, coal-to be burned directly, movements. terminal was attacked and tanker insurance gasified, and liquefied-and nuclear 1. At the start of the 1948 Arab-Israeli rates rose sharply) . power. ·war, Iraq shut down a pipeline to the Medi­ (b) Iraq nationalized the American and But, Mr . Speaker, even as we find the ·terranean at considerable financial loss to Dutch holdings in the one foreign-owned itself. It also prohibited the completion of company still operating in that country; the country in the midst of an acute oil sup­ other lines (which are still unfinished). rationale was American and Dutch support ply crisis, the advocates of this so-called 2. In 1951 Iran seized the properties of the of Israel. minimum tax proposal would increase Anglo-Iranian Oil Company; and product ion (c) All Arab exporting countries agreed to taxes on the domestic energy industries was shut down for three years. cut production by at least 5 percent initially by cutting in half the statutory percen­ 3. During the 1956-57 Arab-Israeli War, and 5 percent per month thereafter until tage depletion allowances for the min­ the Suez Canal was closed. The pipeline from Israel withdraws its forces to its pre-1967 erals industries-including all of the key Iraq to the Mediterranean was sabotaged. boundaries and "the legitimate rights of the energy sources: oil, gas, coal, uranium, 4. In 1961, Iraq seized a giant undeveloped Palestinian people are restored". oil field. Iraq proceeded to develop and pro­ (d) All Arab exporting countries totally and shale. I can think of no more coun­ duce the field with Russian help. embargoed petroleum shipments to the terproductive and dangerous action ·5. In 1966, Syria-seeking higher transit United States because of this country's sup­ against the national interest. Approval of fees-shut down the Iraq Petroleum Com­ port of Israel. Several also embargoed ship­ this proposal to increase the minimum pany pipelines which cross Syrian territcry. ments to other countries, e.g., the Nether­ tax on energy fuels would be a national This was a case where a country's vital need lands. The combined result of the cutbacks disaster. To even propose it is irrespon­ tor its oil production revenues did not pre­ and U.S. embargo in Saudi Arabia, the larg­ sible because of its discouraging psychol­ vent an interdiction. It was Iraqi oil that est exporting country, is a 29 percent reduc­ was shut in, not Syrian. tion in exports below the planned November ogical effect on potential investors in oil 6. Nigerian oil production was sharply re­ level. Exports from all Arab countries are and gas exploration ventures. . duced during much of the 1967-1970 civil reportedly down by about 20 percent . war. 16. Late in 1973, a number of European 7. At the start of the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, countries embargoed refined product exports production was temporarily stopped by Arab to the United States, which needed the heat­ NATIONAL VETERANS DAY CERE­ producers. The Trans Arabian Pipe Line was ing oil for the coming winter. Italy embar­ MONIES AT ARLINGTON CEME­ . shut down; shipments were embargoed to goed before the Arab-Israeli confiict, Britain TERY A RESOUNDING SUCCESS three countries; and the Suez Canal was and others after. closed and remains closed. 8. On several occasions during 1969, the Mr. Speaker, this somber series of HON. ROBERT MeCLORY events demonstrates beyond question the Trans Arabian Pipe Line was sabotaged by OF ILLINOIS Arab guerlllas. The economic cost to the dangers of undue reliance on imported guerillas was nil, since it was Sa.udi Arabian oil-even oil imported from friendly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES oil which was shut in. The guerlila organiza­ countries. How can we validly criticize Wednesday, November 7, 1973 tion was reported to have called this action the Canadians for making sure that they Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, it is with the beginning of a confrontation with can satisfy their own requirements? American interests in the area. a great deal of pleasure that I can in­ 9. The Trans Arabian Pipe Line was shut Would that this country had pursued form the Congress that National Vet­ down in the spring of 1970 because-despite energy policies which would have us, to­ erans Day Ceremonies held this year at the protests of Saudi Arabia-the govern­ day, in a position where we need not Arlington National Cemetery on Mon­ ment of Syria refused to permit repairs of worry about the security of our oil sup­ day, October 22, were a resounding suc­ an accidental break in the line. Early in 1971, plies if our foreign policy is not accept­ cess in all respects. Crowds of people a new government in Syria negotiated a re­ able to a particular group of other opening of the line. Acts of sabotage occurred took advantage of the Monday holiday, nations. and the beautiful fall day in Washing­ again in September, 1971. Imported oil is not only subject to in­ 10. In mid-1970, the government of Libya ton, D.C., to pack the Arlington National ordered oil production cut back substantially terruption. It is also no longer the bar­ Cemetery Amphitheater, to listen to the and interdicted shipments of liquefied nat­ gain it once was. Middle East govern­ speeches, band music, and to take part ural gas. Some restrictions on oil production ments have more than tripled taxes and in this inspiring and patriotic exercise. are stlll in effect. After imposing these re­ royalties in the space of 3 years; the Hosts for the National celebrations strictions, and with the Suez Canal and the latest increase was 70 percent. Venezuela were the Disabled American Veterans. Trans Arabian Pipe Line closed, Libya was has increased its tax take on 10 different Support troops were provided by 1st bat­ able to force the companies to increase their occasions in 1973; with Arab production talion-REINF-3rd Infantry-The Old tax payments by about 15 percent. cut back, the latest increase was 56 per­ 11. Late in 1971, Libya seized the Libyan Guard-of the Army, commanded by properties of British Petroleum because of cent. North African governments have Col. H. H. Perritt, Jr., USA. Music was the British Government's fa.Uure to prevent raised the price of government-owned oil supplied by the U .S. Marine Band con­ Iran from occupying strategic islands in the sharply; Algeria was seeking $7 per bar- ducted by Maj. Jack Kline. Persian Gulf (2000 miles from Libya.) one day rel, exclusive of freight charges, before The President's Veterans Day National before the British were scheduled to with­ the Arab-Israeli war, and Libya doubled Committee coordinated ceremonies at draw from the Gulf. its tax take after the war began. Canada Arlington and elsewhere in the Nation. Mr. Speaker, I would now like to bring levied an export tax of 40 cents per bar­ Chaired by the Administrator of Veter­ that list of 11 supply interruptions up to rel before the Arab-Israeli war. That tax ans' Affairs--the group has an executive date as follows: is now $1.90 per barrel. And so it goes committee which includes representatives November 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36415 of the 10 national veterans organizations Soave, national commander, Disabled HOW RESPONSIVE IS PUBLIC TELE­ chartered by Congress. The Governor of American Veterans, who in his moving VISION TO MINORITES? each State appoints a Veterans Day talk pointed out that, "despite sincere chairman who works in cooperation with efforts by this administration, the dis­ the national committee in planning and abled Vietnam veteran is having a HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY projecting suitable ceremonies within his harder time fitting himself back into our OF MISSOURI State. Regional ceremony sites, and hosts civilian culture than any veteran genera­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES were as follows: Alameda County-San tion that preceded him." and that vet­ Wednesday, November 7, 1973 Leandro-Calif., Military Order of the eran organizations find this to be a very Purple Heart; Albany, Oreg., Congres­ disconcerting situation. He said: Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, the Advisory sional Medal of Honor Society; Birming­ Slowly these men are being assimilat ed Panel on Minorities and Public Televi­ ham, Ala., Veterans of Foreign Wars; back into our society, but for them, "Peace sion recently issued its findings as to how Indianapolis, Ind., the American Legion; with Honor" will not truly be here until they effective noncommercial broadcasting and Milwaukee, Wis., the American Vet­ are fully contributing members of the ci­ has been to minority groups. erans of World War II. vilian world around them. We must all The Ford Foundation which has been pledge ourselves to see that this day comes a major supporter of public television At 11 o'clock, the Honorable Donald soon. E. Johnson, Administrator of Veterans' reviews those programs to which it has Affairs, as personal representative of the Mr. Speaker, based upon what I have given assistance. The Foundation's Of­ President of the United States, placed heard and what my staff has reported to fice of Public Broadcasting, therefore, the Presidential wreath on the Tomb of me, the observances this year were suc­ asked Mr. Robert C. Maynard, associate the Unknown Soldier. A combined color cessful beyond earlier expectations. The editor and ombudsman of the Washing­ guard representing all military services, fact that all Federal employees and many ton Post, to carry out a review and analy­ presented arms at the Tomb of the Un­ other persons were enjoying a weekend sis of the portrayal of minorities on known Soldier, while a bugler sounded holiday resulted in far greater participa­ public television. Mr. Maynard suggested "taps." The remainder of the ceremony, tion than woud have been possible if the the setting up of an independent panel which included a brief address by Mr. celebrations were conducted in accord­ to implement a study. Johnson, took place in the amphitheater. ance with the earlier practice of observ­ The panel concentrated its attention At the Arlington ~eremonies, an ex­ ing the World War I armistice with rela­ on the programs broadcast on the public marine, Mike Johnson, 25, of Provo, tively brief and solemn ceremonies at the channels of New York, Boston Wash­ Utah, who is the outstanding Disabled 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th ington, and Los Angeles-and sp~cifically American Veteran of the Year, led the month. those programs involving and address­ 2,500 persons who filled the amphitheater Mr. Speaker, it is somewhat ironic teat ing themselves to blacks. In its findings in reciting the Pledge of Allegiance. In those who have clamored for a return of the panel found criticism with the pres­ 1968, .whil.:! serving in Vietnam, about Veterans Day to the calendar date of ent form and content of noncommercial 20 miles southeast of Danang, Mike November 11, will not, indeed, observe television which it stated "must be re­ stepped on a land mine. He lost both of that date this year. Instead, since No­ evaluated and restructured, if it is to his legs and most of his fingers. Now vember 11 falls on a Sunday, they will realize its potential." married and the father of a 17-month­ observe their own Monday holiday on Their findings, conclusions, and rec­ old child, Mike gets about in a wheel­ Monday, November 12. ommendations should be of interest to all chair. He said that he averages 30 points There are many reasons for retaining Members of Congress and hopefully the a game in wheelchair basketball. He is Veterans Day as the fourth Monday of panel's suggestions will be used as a basis employed as an engineering draftsman. October, and I am hoping that an in­ for improving those areas of public tele­ In his introductory remarks, VA Ad­ creasing number of veterans, on deep re­ vision which have to date been ministrator Donald E. Johnson elab­ flection and without undue emotion will ineffective. ob­ Each has a responsibility anL a task ren­ particularly high priority on the agenda of a servation. However, we are acutely aware of dered more difficult by the fact that together publicly supported medium. these wider needs. Therefore, for the pur­ they total only an hour and a half a week. That the act of determining what and who poses of this report, the definition of minor­ The merits of the two programs aside, is going to be on television gives some values ity is meant to include those groups this "Soul!" and "Black Journal" cannot realis­ a higher priority in the minds of the view­ panel found to be in the minority on public tically be expected to do the entire job of ing audience. In as diverse a society as ours, television. Under this broadened definition, presenting the black perspective. Attempting program content can only be planned fairly we include ethnic minorities, women, the to make them the sole voice of the black by establishing multi-ethnic group panels to elderly, adolescents, and the physically han­ minority distorts the real world. make such judgments. dicapped and mentally retarded. These are "Black Journal," the lone Public Broad­ That public television is a public service important elements in American society casting Service vehicle for reporting on pub­ institution, supported principally by govern­ whose interests depend on a public system lic affairs in the black <;ommunity, should be ment funds: therefore, its obligations are of presentation to achieve an understanding improved in several iniportant areas. There similar to those of such other public insti­ of their particular problems. must be increased use of timely filmed re­ tutions as universities and public schools. ports. A broad spectrum of viewpoints should The obligation of public television is to help I. PROGRAM OBSERVATIONS be presented by involving a variety of voices extend equal educational opportunities to all The following are a number of observa­ in the production, presentation, and selec­ segments of the public. Indeed, the profound tions of public television programs made by tion of program materials. A substantial in­ impact of television gives this medium a the panel from October 8 through October crease in high quality investigative reporting greater opportunity to bring education and 30, 1972. They serve to illustrate unevenness should replace some of the studio-bound dis­ intellectual stimulation to segments of the in the quality of minority images to be cussions that now are the program's main­ population that have long sufi"ered from edu­ found on public television. Some programs stay. These changes are not likely to be cational neglect. earned commendation from the panel; others achieved in the context of the program's That insensitive programming has the po­ were found wanting. present 30-minute, once-a-week format. At tential of subtly reinforcing negative atti­ "Behind the lines" is as guilty as any other the very least, the time allotted to "Black tudes that are all too frequently found in program of ignoring the opportunity to use Journal" should be doubled. this society. Furthermore, it could force black spokesmen, even when they are the "Soul!" does not give equal time to all of whole segments of minority populations to most effective advocates of a particular posi­ the performing arts. The most frequent turn off-to become non-viewers-by failing tion. For example, it was found that during guests on the show are rhythm and blues to respond to their interests. a program on the accuracy and propriety of singers, jazz musicians, and poets. This kind That public television fails to provide ado­ political polls, not one question was asked of program has wide audience appeal because lescents with the sort of information that regarding the polls' notorious inaccuracy many persons like to see performers pro­ is most important to their immediate per­ in black and other minority communities. moting their latest hit records. Occasionally sonal concerns. In addition, no questions were asked as to the program does adopt a public affairs ori­ ID. CONCLUSIONS whether special efforts were made to include entation. In these instances, it attempts to We hope this report will serve as a healthy representative minority group members in. comment upon issues that affect the black first step toward a full appraisal of the polls taken in crime-ridden ghetto areas, community through the art forms it presents. public television system• performance as a where interviewers are often reluctant to The range of this program is limited, but suc­ medium that should refiect the realities and venture and residents tend to be afraid to cessful as far as it goes. the aspirations of the entire American com­ open their doors. One interpretation of black culture can­ munity. We recognize that as a difficult chal­ "Behind the Lines" provided an example not be expected to satisfy an entire com­ lenge to the public system, one that cannot of a phenomenon we found throughout munity of black people with diverse interests be achieved instantly. We also recognize this public broadcasting. It confines the use of and backgrounds. However, because programs report as one of many enterprises aimed at minority group members to subjects that like "Masterpiece Theatre" and "Internation­ assisting the public system in pursuit of this are of special concern only to minorities, and al Performance" do not present the works of goal of excellence and comprehensiveness. ignores minority group members, despite black playwrights and black performing This is not intended to be the last word their expertise, at times when the subject artists as part of their regular programming, on the problems of minorities and the public does not directly affect them, even when one becomes dependent upon "Soul!" to do system. It is, instead, the collective observa­ their contributions might well be signifi­ so. This places a responsibility on "Soul!" tions of one group of concerned citizens who cant. On one evening when the panel was th~:..t other cultural programs should share. believe in the principle of a public system, observing public television, "Behind the It is unfair to expect "Soul!" to be all and who believe the system is obligated to Lines" had as its subject the problem of things to all black art forms, and it is unfair strive to reflect the diversity of American confidential sources of reporters. All the par­ to judge its effectiveness by standards that life and culture. ticipants on both sides of the discussion do not apply to all other cultural programs More should be done to examine other were white. Yet, one of the principal cases on public television. However, a greater var­ aspects of the problem. We confined our­ decided on this issue by the Supreme Court iety of artists should be scheduled to appear selves to our assigned task of reporting on involved Earl Caldwell, a black correspondent on "Soul!" what we saw on the screen. We have made of The New York Times. None of the many "Book Beat" is a very good and appropriate no attempt to go behind it, to examine the black journalists who have spoken elo­ format for the discussion of books by and employment practices of the various outlets quently on this subject in other settings ap­ about minority groups. However, l.ike other or to raise with the various funding sources peared on the program. We found it to be PBS programs, it misses a number of oppor­ the question of what criteria they have set generally true that if the issue under discus­ tunities to consistently portray minorities in in granting funds to stations and programs. sion concerns "civil rights" or poverty, the an accurate light. One exception was the dis­ We trust others, with a broader mandate minority presence is deemed obligatory. In cussion of Senator Edward Kennedy's book on and greater resources, will follow us in exam­ discussions of any number of other sub­ health care, a topic which is relevant to non­ ining some of the issues raised by this study. jects of general interest, the tube tends to white people, who are likely to be lll more The panel is convinced that the system, to be all white. It is important that public tele­ often, die younger and suffer more serious judge from what it has accomplished to date. vision, especially, assist in the destruction of economic deprivation as a result of sickness will need much encouragement tt it fs to the stereotyped notion that blacks and other than other Americans. achieve the goals implicit in these findings. minorities--disadvantaged women and the n. FINDINGS The panel concluded: elderly includecl-know of nothing else but The panel found: That while public televsion provides more those things that uniquely concern them. That public television has taken a leader- consistent attention to minority concerns November 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36417 than does its commercial counterpart, it network levels. Persons who represent these birth control, venereal disease, and abortion leaves much to be desired in the quality and minority interests should be afforded the full should be incorporated into a program for quantity of material provided. status and authority given to other members public television. Such a program should also Furthermore, the panel has concluded that of these bodies. They should have clear sub­ address itself -to defusing an sexual stereo­ public television only partially fulfills its stantive responsibilities and should not be types. obligation to important groups in America. placed in auxiliary positions. If necessary, That the various dimensions of mental That programs attempting to embrace the the size of the existing bodies should be en­ health as they relate to both children and experience of the nonwhite, the young, the larged to include these individuals. adults, should be explored. This program old, and women, frequently suffered from the That an interim committee of minority could explain the types of mental illness and infirmity of estrangement from their subjects, group members should be appointed to as­ the facilities and methods which are cur­ or were vastly underfunded by comparision to sure that the interests of minority groups rently available for treatment. It should also those programs dealing with more conven­ are adequately represented during the period discuss the forms of public assistance that tional subjects. in which more permanent arrangements for are available to finance medical care for the Naturally, we noticed exceptions to this their participation are being formalized. mentally ill. general observation but they were sufficiently The responsibilities of this group should That programs addressing themselves to rare to lead us to the conclusion that public cover the whole range of policy and program­ the specific concerns of the physically and television, nationally and locally, must cor­ ming issues which form the body of this re­ mentally handicapped should be created. rect these imbalances if it is to reflect port. In addition, the responsibility for iden­ They should cover various approaches to America. tifying candidates who could serve on public problems of education, employment, housing, That public television has a moral obliga­ policy making boards should be lodged in the and recreation for such persons. They should tion to correct these imbalances. A necessary interim committee. also provide information as to possible first step is the inclusion of more minority That the interests of minority groups sources of financial, medical, and social aid group members representative of women, should be an integral part of each station's for handicapped individuals. The aim of these young people, the elderly, and residents from general programming. A comprehensive pro­ programs should be to assist the handi­ outside the Northeast in public television gram approach will go a long way toward capped to become active, functioning mem­ decision-making at the national and local introducing people to the ethnic variety and bers of society. levels. This broadening of the membership particular concerns of minority groups, and That all types of public assistance, from of the policy-making bodies of public tele­ could well provide a basis for a growing un­ welfare to social security and veterans bene­ vision should occur within the existing orga­ derstanding of ethnic diversity. fits, should be treated in a specific program nizational framework. If it is necessary to ex­ That older people should be more involved format. Such a program could be of particu­ pand the number of persons serving on in all aspects of public television program­ lar interest to elderly people, disabled veter­ policy-making bodies if only to make certain ming. Not only do older people represent a ans, and others who might not be aware of that an adequate proportion of them are sizable proportion of public television's view­ the benefits they should be receiving. from those elements of the society which are ing audience, but they can make significant In addition, such a program could discuss now excluded, then we urge such expansion. contributions to program content and ori­ private insurance programs and union health That the shape of the programming can entation. Adolescents should be directly in­ plans, in order to give a more complete view only reflect the images and interests of these volved in all aspects of those programs which of the types of assistance available to the groups if they are regular participants in all directly address their interests and problems. public. phases of the process by which public tele­ That the cultural variety in the makeup of That there should be a specific program vision is produced. With this in mind, we be­ the American population should be reflected focusing on the particular health concerns of lieve that public television must expand the in its entirety. older people. horizons of its program content by encom­ Cultural programming, rotating its atten­ That a distinguished lecture series, which passing a coherent presentation of issues tion from minority group to minority group, features lectures by retired or elderly persons which are of concern to those who are not in regularly portraying each group's historical, who are recognized as scholars and/ or experts America's dominant groupings. social and cultural contributions through in particular fields, should be instituted. That the public medium is the natural discussion, drama, and film reports on ar­ Such a series could range from lectures on place for providing people with information tistic activities, should be one approach to the arts, politics and education to the social on how to survive and advance in the Amer­ this wide range of ethnic diversity. sciences and international affairs and pro­ ican mainstream. We recognize that just as B. Programming vide a rare opportunity to view outstanding blacks have concerns that stem from their authorities. heritage and their current political and The panel recommends: That an adaptation to a series format of That several programs should be created social status, so the aged have a special set of to deal with the special problems of adoles­ concerns that relate to poverty, health, and stories that would portray minority families (blacks, Chicanos, Indians, some under­ cents: education, health concerns, social and death. family problems, employment impediments, To this end, we believe public television represented ethnic groups) in realistic terms should be attempted as part of the program­ and the like. should be performing two fundamental func­ That the Spanish-speaking community tions, which we found largely lacking: ming of family structures. Members of these communities, of all ages and backgrounds, should be surveyed to determine exf!,ctly First, public television should provide in­ what their needs and interests are, and the formation of basic interest to those outside would benefit from a program that portrayed health and weakness, beauty and frailty, results of the poll should be used to de­ the American mainstream, including regular termine what types of programming would programming on issues of health, finance, times of happiness and times of sadness, liv­ ing and dying, in the content of the dynamics be most beneficial and most popularly re­ politics, the law and human rights. It should, of the minority fainily. ceived by the Spanish-speaking community. in that respect, fulfill the function of a uni­ A cooking and nutrition program for Span­ versity without walls. That a minority-oriented national public affairs program should be created. Such a ish-speaking people should be created. Such Second, to do this job it should make use a program should emphasize Spanish and of people belonging to those groups who need program should have a budget that would make possible the use of film and the com­ Latin American cuisine. Special programs for these services most: the non-white, women, plete coverage of stories at the level of pro­ bilingual and Spanish-speaking children that adolescents, the elderly, and the handicapped. duction available to those programs that are of the scope and caliber of "Sesame By involving such persons in programming, come under the National Public Affairs Cen­ Street" should be created. In addition, Span­ the public medium would also provide a ter for Television's budget. ish-speaking children should be regularly forum where the images of these groups be­ That a program discussing food prepara­ represented on all educational programs for fore a mass audience become more natural tion and nutrition should be created to meet children, such as "Zoom" and "Sesame and realistic than is the case in much of the needs of households with a limited food Street." present-day television, which presents Amer­ budget. It should reflect the cultural and ica to itself in a fragmented or distorted economic diversity of the public television form. viewing audience. It should also provide THE CREATIVE WORDING OF rv. RECOMMENDATIONS tasteful and nutritional ideas !'or preparing ADVISORY COMMITTEE RULES The panel believes that on the basis of the foods common to minority group cultures, foregoing observations, findings and con­ and should make use of the staples regularly clusions, a series of initiatives should be available to the poor. This program ought to HON. DAVID R. OBEY taken in both policy and programming of provide information about the nutritional OF WISCONSIN public television, and submits the following value of specific foods and should stress the recommendations: need for good dietary habits. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES A. Policy That another program should address Wednesday, November 7, 1973 common health problems. It should stress That the interests of cultural minority the need for preventive medical care for the Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, in drafting groups, women, elderly people, adolescents entire family and should provide informa­ proposed rules to cover the operation of and the handicapped should be represented tion on public facilities available for health its advisory committees, the Federal on all boards of directors and policy-making care and of public assistance programs that Mediation and Conciliation Service ap­ bodies which have fiscal and/or program­ finance medical care. pears to have rewritten both the Free­ ming responsibilities at both the station and That clear and explicit information on dom of Information Act and the Federal 36418 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Nove1nber 8, 1973 Advisory Committee Act in creating THE ARAB OIL BOYCOTT AND of consuming ·nations. Western Europe a brand new exempt-from-public-disclo­ AMERICA'S REACTION has 75 days' consumption in inventory sure category of information to be while Japan's stocks are at the 50-day known as the "intracommittee" memo­ level. According to the most recent State randum. HON. FRANK J. DRASCO Department data available, American in­ The proposed rules FMCS published in ventories now stand at 1 billion bar­ OF NEW YORK rels, or about a 2-month supply, even at the Federal Register November 3 contain IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the following innovative section: today's high consumption rates. Com­ It is the intention of the Federal Advisory Wednesday, November 7, 1973 bining this with shipments of oil already Committee Act that advisory committees be Mr. BRASCO. Mr. Speaker, announce­ en route, as testimony before the Senate treated essentially as agencies, for the pur­ ment of the Arab oil boycott of the Interior Committee on October 24 in­ poses of the Freedom of Information Act ( 5 United States sent some political and dicated, there is no reason to expect im­ U.S.C. 552) and that they be permitted to financial circles into a tizzy, particularly mediate damaging impact on our eco­ withhold from the public the same types of oil companies, who lose profits extracted nomy from the OAPEC boycott. information that an agency may withhold. It Another result of the premature Arab is necessary, therefore, to read the specific from the domestic market for cheap language of the Freedom of Information Act Arab oil. Arabists used it to orchestrate move will have profound effects on the in light of these purposes. For example, the a home front symphony designed to United States in the long run. Unilater­ exemption for "intra-agency" memoranda in make consumers believe that no Persian ally, Arab oil states, taking cynical ad­ 5 U.S.C. G52(b) shall be read, under the Gulf crude means frozen families, chilly vantage of the war, h~ve raised the price Federal Advisory Committee Act, to mean homes, and an end to Sunday drives. A of their oil. The new average free-on­ "intra-committee" memoranda. few political figures deftly slid the boy­ board price of $3.65, arbitrarily and pre­ With this bit of FMCS wizardry as a cott in between arguments on behalf of emptorily laid down by Persian Gulf preface, it is interesting to re-read the the morality of the plight of Palestinian producers, hikes prices of oil most world memorandum issued by U.S. District refugees. A few newspaper columnists, consumers depend on. Developing na­ Judge Aubrey E. Robinson, Jr., on Octo­ ever eager to portray Israel as a liability, tions, for example, dependent upon such ber 10 when he ordered the Defense Ad­ painted lurid pictures of an America oi?- supplies, and with minimal budgets, visory Committee on Women in the crippled for lack of Arab oil. Nothing Will be seriously harmed. A number of Services to open its doors to the public. could be further from the truth. them are nations which have recently Total U.S. imports from Arab lands are unilaterally broken diplomatic relations Judge Robinson wrote in part: with Israel. The Court has several difficulties with De­ now running about 1.6 million ban·els fendants' position. First of all, the question daily in direct shipments of crude oil and Here in America, the oil price rise will arises whether exemption 5 of the Freedom indirect shipments of petroleum products add $3 billion to our current oil import of Information Act is available for matters refined from Arab oil in third countries. bill of $6 billion annually. Repatriated discussed by or before an advisory commit­ This is about one-fourth of our total company profits will help diminish the tee. The exemption applies only to inter­ import of 6.3 million barrels per day, but overall balance of payments effect of in­ agency or intra-agency letters or memoran­ creased import bills, but the public will da. Essential to Defendants' case, then, is a only one-tenth of our total coLsumption of 17 million barrels daily. Total loss of not directly benefit. Herein, however, lies finding either that the Advisory Committee the key for the United States and friends is itself an "agency" or that it is within such supplies would simply return our an "agency" of the Defense Department for imports and consumption potential to of Israel in terms of the Arab oil equa­ purposes of the Federal Advisory Committee last year's level. Even if the boycott is tion. Act and the Freedom of Information Act. immediately 100-percent effective; we The U.S. response will have to be on The Court cannot make such a finding, in­ would be deprived of only a small per­ two levels: alternate sources of extra deed, its present conclusion is to the centage of our needs. Nevertheless, loss energy and a national energy policy in­ contrary. of supply on the eve of winter is signifi­ volving controlled growth of energy use The Federal Advisory Committee Act uti­ and conservation measures of a meaning­ lizes the definition of agency contained in cant. ful, acceptable type. In the process, the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. Some harm will come from cutoffs Americans will have to part company § 551 (1), which is applicable also to the emanating from European nations, with patterns of energy waste which have Freedom of Information Act. It is significant which define Arab oil and ship finished that the Federal Advisory Commitee Act done so much to make us vulnerable, even products to the United States. Because minimally, to Arab oil blackmail. contains a separate and distinct definition Europe receives some 70 percent of its of an "advisory committee", thus support­ oil from the Mideast, it is most vulner­ America, according to Government and ing the proposition that an advisory com­ private source figures, has a 500-year mittee is not an "agency". Further support able to Arab oil blackmail. As a result, supply of coal, even at present consump­ for this proposition is found in Soucie v. temporary shortages of emergency ship­ tion rates. Ninety percent of that coal David, 448 F. 2d 1067, 1073 (D.C. Cir. 1971), ments of finished products to the U.S. is capable of being exploi~ed by deep min­ a Freedom of Information Act case wherein east coast may cause inconvenience. ing. Ten percent of it is strippable. We the Court of Appeals said: For the United States, however, the "(T)he Administrative Procedure Act ap­ Arab oil boycott will turn out to be a are in the process of mounting an over­ parently confers agency status on any ad­ blessing in disguise. Had this situation due "Manhattan Project For Energy." ministrative unit with substantial indepen­ arisen 5 years hence, it would have had Under Senator JACKSON's prodding, dent authority in the exercise of specific devastating effects. While the United President Nixon has begun to pour re­ functions." States is not now dependent in signifi­ search and development money into this It is clear on the present record that the cant measure on Arab oil, our levels of alternative, and while results will not be role of DACOWITS in the Department of imports from these nations had been immediate, possibilities are promising. Defense is advisory only and that it pos­ taking quantum jumps in recent years. While there will undoubtedly be a care­ sesses no "substantial independent author­ At such rates of growth, our dependency fully orchestrated outcry by oil com­ ity." The Court concludes that DACOWITS shortly would have been ominously high. panies, who own all major coal com­ is not an "agency" and that matters before panies, for immediate relaxation of all it are, therefore, not "inter-agency" affairs Such boycotts in the past have not been effective. There is widespread doubt pressures to curb strip mining, this will within the meaning of the applicable stat­ only be a ploy on their part to obtain utes. as to how long present unity among Arab oil producers will last. A number of the maximum easy profits from artificially The FMCS proposed rules can be more conservative nations, especially induced hysteria. Ads will no doubt soon changed. It invites interested persons to Saudi Arabia, were extremely reluctant appear threatening us with all manner of discomforts if we do not immediately al­ submit comments, data or arguments to take the step, and are hoping somehow low unlimited strip mining and relaxa­ until November 23. and I propose to they can extricate themselves from the tion of all antipollution standards. do so. corner they now occupy. In the meantime, the form of the A number of nations have been quietly Major resources of both on and gas lie preparing for just such a boycott. Storage on the Outer Continental Shelf, many FMCS proposal shows how an agency can portions of which are already under Gov- defeat a law simply by rewriting it. levels for oil are fairly high in a number November 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36419 ernment lease to large oil companies. sound of research behind the scenes in book by Davies called "The Truth About These organizations have deliberately Washington is audible. Kent State: A Challenge to the American Conscience" (Farrar Straus Giroux) has re­ held back production to profit from ar­ The administration, paralyzed by Wa­ ceived widely favorable recognition, a first tifically induced shortages. Where a lease tergate and hoping for Israeli compro­ printing of 15,000 has been quickly sold and block could support 100 wells, only 2 mise on a peace treaty, stumbles grudg­ a new one issued. or 3 are producing or have even been ingly along JACKSON's path. Oil com­ Then, the other day, Davies elatedly noted drilled. Heavy pressure will have to be panies, obsessed with profit at all costs, a Harris poll showing a dramatic transfor­ put on oil companies holding such Gov­ feverishly raise prices in an orgy of greed, mation in the public view of t.c.e Kent State ernment leases to produce according to while a helpless Cost of Living Council tragedy. Back in 1970 a survey had showed that t he Nation's needs. does nothing but rubberstamp their the public condoned the Kent State deaths Alaska alone is now known to be at latest depredations. as " necessary and justified"; the vote was least a minor Persian Gulf, and perhaps Conclusions? Over the short haul, we 40 t o 39 percent, with the remainder unde­ the equal of that area in terms of oil re­ shall manage with minimal dislocations cided. Now the same pollsters report that serves. Geological structures exist there because it will be profitable for oil com­ Americans, by a margin of 55 to 31 percent, which would make the U~ted States panies to keep the Nation warm, mobile, feel the shoot ing were "unjustified and re­ self-sufficient in oil. Naval Oil Reserve and reasonably content. T".ae boycott will pressive.'' No.4, on the North Slope and the size of peter out, as silently, one by one, Arab Pet er Davies, working tirelessly with Arthur Krause, father of one of the slain Indiana, is at a minimum estimated to oil states decide revenues are more im­ students, Rev. John Adams of the United hold some 40 billion barrels of oil. It has portant than ideology. The United States Methodist Church, and a handful of others, not yet even been fully explored. In will not yield, although it will seek to was a decisive if long unheralded figure in hearings held in late October before the squeeze out of Israel as many territorial ach ieving that revolution of attitude. House Armed Services Committee, it was concessions as possible. The real answer What makes Davies' role so distinctive is noted that Alaska is perhaps our richest lies in how vigorously Senator JACKSON that he seemed so unlikely to be the man oil resource, far larger than has been can and will be able to drive an adminis­ to play it. He was not an agitator or pamph­ leteer by profession or temperament. He had reported. tration so dominated by oil industry no previous relationship with the victims or The Arabs have made a crucial mistake thinking and power down the path to their families. He was emphatically free of in allowing greed to take precedence energy conservation, development of al­ any leftist biases; quite the reverse. He and while the latest war raged. As Mideast ternatives and restructuring of energy his wife had emigrated to the U.S. in 1957 crude oil skyrockets in price, altemate use. because he felt the British government was oil sources, previously uneconomical, "going too Socialistic." In 1960 he warmly have become viable and even necessary favored the candidacy of Richard Nixon and alternatives. These include Rocky Moun­ ONE !\IAN'S CONSCIENCE he subsequently revered Barry Goldwater. tain oil shales and Athabasca oil sands What impelled him, then, to invest so much energy and devotion in the battle in western Canada. Already, massive against official whitewash of the Kent State plans are underway for their develop­ HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL nightmare? ment. OF NEW YORK "I suppose I felt that if this had hap­ In terms of conservation, the path of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pened to my family, I would expect others the U.S. consumer is clear and not dif­ Wednesday, November 7, 1973 to do what I did," he said quietly yesterday. ficult. Neon signs and electric tooth­ "I have three boys-6, 8 and 11-and I brushes are not necessities of life. Nor Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, in this couldn't help thinking that one day this are automobiles with nearly 400 horse­ world which increasingly grows more could happen to them. power, delivering only 8 to 10 miles complex and more impetsonal, it is im­ "To me, being a conservative megnt above portant for us to note that one man can all the protection of individual rights. My per gallon of high test gasoline. greatest disappointment was the reaction of SmaJler cars delivering better mileage make a difference. the Goldwaters, the Buckleys and others. I are a vital necessity. Reduction in speed A man who has made a difference is thought they'd be making the most forceful limits to 50 miles per hour is a sensible Peter Davies, who has waged a persis­ statements demanding a full ~!rand jury in­ reform. So is an end to massive highway tent, lonely battle to make America look quiry by the g-overnment. Instead they were building in metropolitan areas. Instead, beyond the attempt of government to de­ making stupid statements that just seemed a major switch will, or should, be made personalize and dehumanize death at to miss the point." Kent State and Jackson State Universi­ On the day after the shootings, Davies took to already long overdue and desperately the 1irst steo in what was to become a mis­ needed urban mass transit. ties. Along with the families of the slain sionary pilgrimage. He wrote a lengthy letter Other nations have done this with suc­ students at Kent, Davies has worked to to President Nixon, recalling his pledge to cess. We are the only developed natton awaken the conscience of the Nation to "bring us together'' and contrasting it with lagging behind. An end to all advertis­ the fact that unarmed young people were his aloof reaction to the shootings. He re­ ing urging greater consumption of energy mercilessly gunned down by men in uni­ ceived a printed acknowledgment from the form-the agents of the people, because White House. But a copy of the letter which is in order. A national building code re­ he sent to Arthur Krause elicited warm re­ quh·ing minimum amounts of heat-con­ they were exercising their right to pro­ test injustice. sponse and opened the way for his close re­ serving insulation is inevitable. The day lationship with the families of the dead stu­ of the single commuter driving to work James Wechsler wrote a column on dents. in a large car alone is visibly over. Load Davies' work and accomplishment in the Later that year, Davies recalled yesterday, factors, scheduling of trips and their October 3, 1973, edition of the New York he again wrote Mr. Nixon about a speech in frequency is imminent and already in Post that deserves our attention. which the President had listed various acts the works in regard to trucks and air­ The article follows: of violence by revolutionary groups. Davies ONE MAN'S CONSCIENCE said he also deplored those acts but wondered craft. The day of the half-full flight 15 why no word has been said about Kent State times daily between cities will be over (By James A. Wechsler) and Jackson State. before January. The same will be true To the cynical and the cold-blooded, Peter On that occasion Davies received a two­ of empty trucks on long return trips. In Davies must have appeared a man fatally page reply from Robert Finch, then a mem­ other words, all obvious steps will be obsessed during much of the last three and ber of Mr. Nixon's White House inner circle. taken across the board to halt totally a half years. Almost from the moment when Finch's tone was quite responsive and even he read and heard about the National Guard guardedly sympathetic. But Finch was not wasteful energy practices which have killings of four students on the Kent State around much longer. played an essential role in hiking con­ campus on May 4, 1970, this slightly-built, Now Davies is optimistic about the probe sumption. w~ shall be forced to make 40-year-old British-born insurance salesman being led by Robert Murphy of the Justice the transition from energy gluttons to began dedicating countless hours to a lonely, Dept.'s Criminal Section. energy conservers. ceaseless quest for truth and justice. Time Perhaps I was naive for a long time, but I One final possibility is worth consid­ and again he was told that he was squander­ always believed we would finally break ing his energies in a doomed cause. But he through." he said. "I suppose one had to be­ ering: retaliation. Arab nations are often refused to desist. dependent for food, usually grain, on for­ lleve that to keep going. I admit there were Now he can glimpse at least the portents some very dark moments." eign sources. The United States is one of vindication. The new Justice Dept. regime He agrees that Watergate hastened the new such source. At this time, little has been has reopened the case that John Mitchell and developments, bringing the shakeup at the said about halting these sales. But the Richard Kleindienst had buried so long. A Justice Dept. and banishing many of the CXIX--2294-Part 28 36420 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Novembe'i· 8, 1973 men-Kleindienst, John Ehrlichman, John Now, after many years and three genera­ Donner party, and they worked together, sav­ Deau and others-who had thwarted a fed­ tions, the Milias Hotel is the Milias Apart­ ing and investing in property. eral proceeding. He believes the latest polls ments and George C. Milias Jr. no longer The elder Milias was an active business will help avert another retreat. officiates at what was the unofficial center and civic leader and served on the City So, it might be added, will his book. It is of the community he has served most of Council shortly after the turn of the century. a comprehensive, documented, thoughtfully the days of his life. spirited chronicle, accompanied by strong evi­ Few can dispute that during most of those In his time work was started on the city dential photographs of that day of horror. days he has been "Mr. Gilroy." hall, the council acquired the electric plant It makes an overwhelming case for a federal The family hotel has been sold and the and remodeled the gas plant and improved confrontation with truth too long evaded former mayor is a working rancher again, and developed the water works. a n d justice too long delayed. but no one doubts he's bound to stay in­ A colorful and energetic man, at the age of volved in the community. 85 he borrowed nearly $250,000 to build a There is no possible way the town could much needed first class hotel in Gilroy. be the same without him. A year and a month under construction GEORGE C. MILIAS By his own calculation Milias entered pub­ the hotel opened with a dinner for som~ lice life in 1932 when he first became a city 1,500 persons and dancing until midnight in councilman. Others might say he began his the Sun Room. HON. CHARLES S. GUBSER public life in the 1920's when he spurned Two orchestras and the Fifth Regimental a possible big league baseball career to be­ OF CALIFORNIA Band of San Jose provided music. Visitors come hotel manager. termed it the "most gala event in the town's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In any event, he was a councilman for history." Wednesday, November 7, 1973 eight years followed by 16 years as mayor. . In the lobby filled with :floral good luck Although he now lives outside the city on p1eces, Mr. and Mrs. George C. Milias and Mr. GUBSER. Mr. Speaker, those of the 6,000-acre Milias cattle ranch which he their son, George Jr., were showered with us who work in Washington, D.C., as a supervises, he claims he is no longer "really compliments. active." part of our Federal Government and who By the time his parents celebrat ed t he 50th read the headlines and watch the eve­ But he maintains a position as member anniversary of the senior Milias' arrival in ning newscasts could easily make the of the Board of Trustees of Wheeler Hos­ Gilroy, 1938, George Jr. was manager of the pital and remains interested in Bonanza hotel and had served on the City Council. mistake of believing that the strength Days, an annual summer fiesta event here. of America lies solely in national figures Even with his retirement as top man at In his tenure with city government young and personalities. the hotel, friends say that they expect to see George C. Milias ordered the first audit of But government is not the real strength him in and around the building frequently. the city books and initiated a new record The hotel bar has been a regular gather­ keeping system. He sparked civil defense of America; it is merely the force which measures when World War II broke out and coordinates it. The real strength is at ing place for many years for ranchers and horsemen from throughout the West. Movie a drainage system to clear annual :floods on the grassroots in the millions of commu­ stars have been seen there and politicians Monterey Street south of city hall. nities all over this land. beyond count. Many, such as the late Will In the late 1920s he helped organize and My hometown of Gilroy, Calif., is one Rogers, left their photographs behind in the lead the Gymkhana Committee, which an­ of these communities and George C. high-ceilinged, old-fashioned lobby. nually put on professional rodeos until 1957. Milias is one of the strong leac!ers of the Political leaders from U.S. senators and He also served as president of the Chamber city of Gilroy and its surrouv.Jing area. governors to councilmen from other cities of Commerce, Native Sons of the Golden As such, he is one of the strong men of never went through Gilroy without a Mili'ls West, Rotary and exalted ruler of the Elks. Hotel stop. His father, who continued to keep daily · America. Milias, now a white-haired and erect­ tabs on the business, died in 1942. The fu­ It is leaders at the local level who so standing man, looks back on what was a neral was described as the largest ever wit­ unselfishly give of their time, labor, and crucial event in his life-when he decided nessed in Gilroy, attended by bankers, field money who make the free democratic to forgo a possible big league career and workers, booted cow boys, politicians and · system work. Without men like George C. instead became active in the hotel business. countless friends. Milias, there would be no strength for The 6-foot-tall hotel man is not far even Businesses closed for the day. Federal Government to coordinate. There today from his old playing weight of 170 The scene of many large business trans­ pounds. He weighs a scant six more pounds. actions, the venerable hotel and bar was the would be weakness and disunity. Back in 1921 he was a second baseman who As a very young boy, clutching my dime played with some of the fastest semi-pro base of operations for some of the largest for soda pop and riding my bicycle to teams in this part of the state. He had just wheeler-dealers in the Central California the local baseball field, I looked forward been signed to a contract with the Pittsburgh Coast for many years. with pleasure to watching George C. Pirates, then managed by the immortal George Jr. and his wife Rachel have been Milias ably handle second base for the Honus Wagner. living on their ranch home near that of local ball club. Later, I knew him as His father had talked about building the their daughter, now Mrs. Carol Silacci, and mayor of my hometown and as one of the most modern hotel in this part of the coun­ grandchildren on La Canada Road. men who was most responsible for elect­ try, but didn't want to go ahead unless the During that time George Jr. presided over son would become a part of the operation. the premises night and day and until recent ing me to the splendid experience of "It really wasn't too hard a decision," serving as a Member of the U.S. Congress. years lived there. Milias said. "I knew that the average ball Yet he found time to develop his ranch­ Perhaps the best biography of George player lasted only about 10 years in the big C. Milias who will be honored by his time. After that, still young, he had to go ing interests. Anyone thinking him a "week­ friends and neighbors at a testimonial back to what I call a natural life. Maybe even end cowboy" soon had the illusion dispelled dinner on November 17 is an article which learn a new way to earn a living. Baseball after watching the hotel manager and poli­ recently appeared in the San Jose Mer­ salaries weren't too high back then." tician handle a cutting horse at one of the He was apprenticed to a friend in San famous Gilroy Gymkhanas. To this day he cury-News. It recounts Mr. Milias' color­ Francisco at the St. Francis Hotel for more has a solid reputation as a rodeo judge and ful background and the impact he has than a year to learn the hotel business. still serves as a member of the board of di­ r~ad upon his community and our Ameri­ When the Milias Hotel opened its doors to rectors of the big California Rode<:> in Salinas. can way of life. I shall submit this article the public it was termed by visitors "The For the past few years George, Jr., and his as a part of my remarks, but before doing finest most modern facility of its kind be­ wife Rachel have been living on their ranch so, would like to summarize by paying a tween San Francisco and Santa Barbara." home near that of their daughter, now Ml·s. personal tribute to George Milias. His Particularly proud was the owner, George Carol Silacci, and grandchildren, on La has been a lifetime of service in the finest C. Milias, Sr., who came from Yugoslavia to Canada Road. His son George W. Milias, the American tradition. I wish there were the United States in 1881 and went to work third George in this family line, has become thousands more Jike him in this land of in a San Jose restaurant. Six years later he came to Gilroy and purchased a small restau­ prominent in local, state, and national gov­ ours so our Nation would be even rant, The Star Chop House. ernment circles. He served as State Assembly­ stronger! The article follows: Thrifty and industrious, he saved and man for eight years, was State Labor Com­ "MR. GILROY" seven years later bought the old William Tell missioner, and now is Deputy Assistant for (By Bill Glines) House and remodeled and operated it as a the Environment in the Department of De­ GILROY .-The hotel building still stands hotel and restaurant. fense. Accomplishment runs in the family on its accustomed corner but the "landmark" In 1897 he married Minnie White, descend­ of the "first" George who came to San Jose has gone back to the ranch. ant of one of the 111-fated members of the in 1888 to work in a restaurant. November 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36421 PITrSBURGH STATIONS URGE CAR­ regular commuters to form their own car next 5 years. Based on these projections, POOLS TO SAVE FUEL AND CLEAN pools. This Commuter-Computer approach the estimated expenditures of the Fed­ is working successfully in Boston. It matches eral Government to implement this AIR up commuters in various neighborhoods who are interested in forming car pools. If you worthwhile program can be calculated. I want to help cut down on traffic congestion am inserting these projections for the HON. WILLIAMS. MOORHEAD and air pollution, we hope you will look benefit and analysis of my colleagues in OF PENNSYLVANIA into this new Commuter-Computer program. the House of Representatives: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES To get more information, write Commuter­ PROJECTED COSTS OF H.R. 10934 Thursday, November 8, 1973 Computer, Box 1020, Pittsburgh- 15230, and enclose 10 cents for postage and handling. Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. Mr. Number of students Speaker, we all are aware of the ~&any expected to be problems which face us as a Nation. commissioned Projected Two of the many are immediate dilem­ FINANCIAL AID TO COLLEGES AND per year expense mas-a fuel shortage and the continual UNIVERSITIES polluting of the air we breathe. 1974------8, 939 $4,669,500 KDKA-TV and KDKA radio, both 1975------8, 792 4, 396,000 HON. WALTER E. POWELL 1976------8,924 4,462,000 Group W Westinghouse stations in Pitts­ 1977------8, 972 4, 486,000 burgh, are conducting a public service OF OHIO 1978------9, 320 4, 660,000 campaign which could heir the greater IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Pittsburgh area combat the fuel shortage, Thursday, November 8, 1973 BREAKDOWN BY MILITARY BRANCH OF NUMBER OF STU- the pollution problem and alleviate trafl:c DENTS EXPECTED TO BE COMMISSIONED PER YEAR congestion ;n downtown Pittsburgh. Mr. POWELL of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, on The stations are encouraging commut­ October 15, I introduced H.R. 10934, a Air ers to join carpools thus cutting down bill which would provide the colleges and Army Navy Force Marines Total on the number of cars entering Pitts­ universities of this Nation with a much­ burgh and simultaneously saving fuel. deserved and much-needed financial 1974_ ------3, 920 1, 063 3, 744 212 8, 939 boost. 1975_ ------4, 000 1,100 3,442 250 8, 792 UsL'tlg their own computer, the stations 1976------4, 000 1,250 3,474 250 8, 924 It is certainly no secret that many of 4, 050 1,250 3,422 8,972 are trying to match drivers and riders 1977------1978 ______250 who daily travel to and from Pittsburgh. our leading colleges and universities are 4,400 1, 250 3, 420 250 9,320 Interested parties must fill out and re­ in the midst of a very severe financial 5-yr totaL ___ 20,370 5, 913 17,502 1, 212 44,947 turn questionnaires to the stations be­ crisis. Such economic difficulties have re­ fore they are provided with a list of peo­ sulted from a combination of declining of static enrollments and the inevitable Mr. Speaker, I would hope that this ple who have similar hours and destina­ bill would receive the early considera­ tions. rise in operating costs. I want to congratulate the stations At the present time, in addition to tion of the House Armed Services Com­ and their management for this effort. their other important responsibilities, mittee, to which the bill has been re­ The campaign especially is welcome in many of our colleges and universities ferred. While my proposal would not pro­ the face of the fuel crunch expected this perform an essentially national function vide total reimbursement to the Nation's by providing the facilities and assuming institutions of higher learning of the winter. the other expenses involved in maintain­ costs of educating commissioned offi­ I would like to include in the RECORD cers, it does represent a desirable com­ at this time, a KDKA-TV editorial dis­ ing a Reserve Officers' Training Corps­ cussing the commuter-computer pro­ ROTC-program on their campuses. mitment on the part of the Federal Gov­ gram: On November 7, I reintroduced this ernment to recognize and encourage the DoWNTOWN PITTSBURGH bill with cosponsors. If enacted, this efforts of our colleges and universities to The two major problems which affect resi­ measure would permit colleges and uni­ continue to provide the facilities and dents of Allegheny County when they travel versities who have ROTC programs to be educational training necessary to satisfy into downtown Pittsburgh are traffic con­ reimbursed by the Federal Governemnt the Nation's continuing demand for in­ gestion and air pollution. The principal to the extent of $500 for each of their telligent, trained, and competent young reason for the air pollution is, of course, the students who are commissioned as offi­ officers. traffic congestion. Thousands of automobile cers under the program. engines are kept idling and spewing out Civilian control of the military has noxious fumes while their drivers try to FRANK HORTON escape the traffic jaiil. been a guiding principle of our national One possible solution, which is being used defense posture since the Nation's found­ 1n some major cities throughout the world, ing. The opportunity for young men and HON. JOHN N. ERLENBORN is to completely man private automobiles women to earn their officer's commission OF ILLINOIS from the downtown area. This forces many while pursuing a full-time academic de­ would-be motorists to ride on public trans­ gree program is surely a significant bene­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES portation which is a better way to keep fit to both the student and the Nation's Thursday, November 8, 1973 traffic moving in congested areas. armed services which are assured a con­ However, we don't think that such a solu­ Mr. ERLENBORN. Mr. Speaker, I be­ tion is possible or even practical for Pitts­ tinuing supply of trained and well-edu­ came a candidate for ranking minority burgh. Too many people have very legitimate cated leaders. member of the Committee on Govern­ reasons for using their private cars on busi­ Mr. Speaker, the response to this bill ment Operations last winter in spite of ness, shopping or pleasure trips. Many live has been very favorable. The National the fact that Representative FRANK HoR­ 1n areas which may not be adequately served Association of State Universities and TON of New York State is the senior by public transportation. Land-Grant Colleges, the Association of member. I was able to do this because of If we can't ban private cars in downtown Ameiican Universities, and other inter­ reforms approved by the Republican Pittsburgh, the next best thing is to provide ested groups have indicated their sup­ suitable alternatives for the driver who has Conference in 1970. to go downtown. One alternative is provided port of this legislation. At no time did I regard myself as run­ by the Port Authority which has been con­ This program would be very modest in ning against FRANK HORTON. Rather, sistently improving its service. Another terms of costs to the Federal Govern­ there was a vacancy and I was a candi­ alternative is voluntary car pools. Experi­ ment, and would prove to be of great date to fill it. ments with such car pools in Boston, Wash­ benefit to the Nation's higher educa­ I must confess that it is never pleasant ington, D.C., St. Louis, Los Angeles, and St. tional institutions, which are deserving to lose a contest, but I want my col­ Paul have shown encouraging results. If car of the financial incentives provided by pools will cut down traffic problems and leagues to know that FRANK has per­ this bill. The Department of Defense has formed as ranking minority member in improve the quality of the air, we hope that provided me with data on the number of residents ~ this area w1ll be willing to try a way that makes me proud to serve them. omcers expected to be commissioned un­ under his leadership. KDKA-'IV & KDKA Radio are sponsoring der the ROTC programs of ~e re­ He has consulted fully with the Re­ a Commuter-computer program to encourage spective military branches in each of the publican Members, and he bas repre- 36422 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS - November 8, 1973 sented our views well in meetings with turn home in daylight hours when the standards they cannot continue to pro­ the chairman. He has persuaded the streets are safer. Statistics bear this out vide, in appropriate cases, a lower cost chairman to permit a doubling of the which indicate that the highest periods alternative to hospital care. minority staff. It still is not big enough, for street crime occur the first hour of Mr. Speaker, the nursing homes of of course-we used to have 5 on the mi­ darkness. Further, a definite reduction in Ame1ica are seeking a partial or total nority staff and now we have 10, con­ rush-hour traffic accidents can be real­ exemption from the Cost of Living Coun­ trasted with the majority staff of 59-it ized by permitting people to drive home cil. I support this effort. still is not big enough but we are headed from work before dark. Most accidents But a far better and more permanent in the right direction. now occur during the evening rush hour, solution would be to repeal the basic I am well satisfied with this episode. when visibility is poor and drivers are laws which est~blish such controls and My candidacy proved that we Repub­ weary after a day's work. return to the free economic institutions licans are not slaves to the seniority sys­ Mr. Speaker, year-round daylight sav­ under which our country prospered so tem, and that is a plus. FRANK HORTON'S ings time has many benefits and legisla­ well with less inflation and more real victory added a certain validity to his tion to accomplish this purpose is long productivity gains than we now enjoy. position, a legitimacy of seniority plus overdue. I strongly urge enactment of Let us get rid of the controls now---' that of election. this measure which I have proposed to­ before they do even more serious dam­ He has exercised his authority well. day. age to nursing homes and wreck other segments of our national economy. REPEAL ECONOMIC CONTROLS BE­ A BILL TO PROVIDE FOR THE EX­ FORE OUR NATIONAL ECONOMY TENSION OF DAYLIGHT SAVINGS IS WRECKED CAMPAIGN REFORM A MUST TIME TO THE ENTIRE CALENDAR YEAR HON. WILLIAM L. ARMSTRONG HON. TOM RAILSBACK HON. JOEL T. BROYHILL OF COLORADO OF ILLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF VmGINIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, November 8, 1973 Thursday, November 8, 1973 Thursday, November 8, 1973 Mr. ARMSTRONG. Mr. Speaker, dur­ Mr. RAILSBACK. Mr. Speaker, in the ing recent months I have become in­ wake of Watergate and the Agnew resig­ Mr. BROYHILL of Virginia. Mr. creasingly concerned about the mounting nation, the American people have been Speaker, I am introducing legislation to­ shaken and many are disillusioned. But day which provides for permanently ex­ hardships caused by wage-price controls imposed by the President under author­ as deplorable as these events have been­ tending daylight savings time to the en­ ! believe a cleansing effect can come from tire calendar year. As we are all aware, ity granted by Congress. Such controls are futile. If there is one all of this as we all now realize the need each year on the last Sunday in April, thing we have proven during 2 years of for genuine campaign reform. millions of Americans across the Nation experimenting with on-again-off-again Clearly, the most serious problem con­ advance their clocks 1 hour, with this controls it is this: Such controls are not fronting us is that of the high costs of procedure then reversed on the last Sun­ curbing inflation. elections. For example, in 1972, one sena­ day in October when clocks are turned torial incumbent spent in excess of $2 back 1 hour. This system of timekeeping Homemakers and wage earners have been well aware of the futility of con­ million on his campaign, and several in order to observe daylight savings time trols for a long, long time. Now even others exceeded the $1 million mark. from April to October and standard time the economists-including some who And, if estimates of last year's figures are from October to April is set forth in the correct, in that campaign over $400 mil­ provisions of the Uniform Time Act of staunchly advocated wage-price controls at the outset-have descended from their lion was spent on all elections. 1966. I am sure that when this act be­ Unfortunately, such high costs prohibit came public law in 1966, it served the ivory towers long enough to discover that these repressive measures are failing. many well-qualified men from seeking needs of the people and certainly was public office, and also leave open the door founded upon logic as States, counties, But while failing in their intended pur­ pose, controls have been conspicuously to improper campaign contributions. My and even cities had in the past set their suggestion in this case is to have a Fed­ clocks pretty much as they desired. How­ successful in creating shortages, black markets, product quality deterioration eral Election Commission carefully mon­ ever, I firmly believe the Uniform Time itor all elections and also require strict Act of 1966 is no longer attuned to the and other hardships. I have often called attention to the overall policy considera­ reporting and complete financial disclo­ needs of society in the 1970's, nor do I sures. In addition, I would set definite believe this act takes cognizance of the tions and have shown examples of the serious damage already done to our eco­ limits on the amount of money which can many urgent problems now facing our be used in an election-based upon the Nation. In this regard, I make reference nomic system and the potential threat to the future of our country. population of the area one wishes to rep­ to high crime rates in many areas; the resent. This will insure that costs will not steady rise in automobile accidents, pol­ Today, I want to cite still another specific example of the hardships caused be overblown, but will continue to permit lution of our atmosphere, and foremost the average citizen to choose whether to in the minds of many citizens is the by the ill-advised policy we are now pur­ suing: contribute or not-and to whom. Our energy crisis which becomes worse each present system of volunteerism in poli­ day. Wage-price controls threaten the eco- - nomic viability of this Nation's nursing tics is a strength, and we must pre­ Mr. Speaker, this bill will of course, not serve it. solve these problems in their entirety. homes, an increasingly important seg­ ment of our overall health delivery sys­ Another problem, clearly distinct, is However, upon closer examination we that of the high expenses of broadcast­ find a definite possibility that at least tem. The reason is very simple. Nursing homes are caught in the ing. In 1956, the total spent for such ra­ partial solutions can be obtained, by put­ dio and TV media for all elections was ting the Nation on year-round daylight squeeze of controlled prices and uncon­ trolled expenses. Wages, food, mainte­ $9.8 million. However, by 1968, this fig­ savings time and thus gaining 1 extra ure skyrocketed to $40.4 million, and hour of daylight at certain times of the nance, and other major items of expense are largely uncontrolled. But the price these costs have continued to climb. Be- year. cause I believe the public must have early Particularly significant would be the re­ which nursing homes may charge pa­ access to their candidates' views and yet duction in peak-hour load for electricity tients is frozen. am aware of the high costs of broadcast­ by as much as 5 percent, in effect not only This is completely unfair to the own­ ing, I would recommend that free time conserving energy but substantially re­ eTs and operators of nursing homes, and be allotted to the various contenders ducing air pollution. In addition, the ex­ is bound to affect the quality of care. based on a system which has been in ex­ tra hour of daylight would tend to reduce When this happens the secondary effect istence in England for a number of years. crime as it would enable more city dwell­ will be to create more inflation. If nurs­ Finally, a third problem is· the long ers, both workers and shoppers, to re- ing homes are unable to meet necessary duration of campaigns which are not November 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36423 only costly, but too often prevent an in­ the farthest away, U.S. Representatives and for Cincinnati City Council. He was cumbent from fulfilling his elective du­ Senators need 83% and 100% participation elected with more votes than any other in newsletters while 83% and 67%, respec­ ties. Again, I patterned my recommenda­ tively, find questionnaires necessary. candidate, and was subsequently re­ tions on the British system and support Another major trend in the response was elected in 1969, again receiving the great­ shortening the period to less than 2 one of concern. Comments like "favorably," est number of votes of any candidate. months. "prompt rep!y" and "interested" were the In 1970, he entered the race for the First I have incorporated all these recom­ most common replies to question 6a. All District seat in the House of Representa­ mendations into a comprehensive bill elected officials like to hear from their con­ tives. BILL KEATING won by a staggering which I am today introducing, and I take stituents. It gives them their best chance to majority, receiving close to 70 percent of this opportunity to encourage any other " •.• win friends and, hopefully, votes." the vote. In 1972, he was reelected by a Members who wish to cosponsor by bill The distinct advantage that elected officials similar margin. with small constituencies have is the tele­ to do so. phone. With a comparatively small number Clearly, there has been a direct corre­ of communications coming in, the Mayor or lation to BILL KEATING's popularity and State Legislator has time to contact, either the outstanding qualit!es that he has HIGH SCHOOL FRESHMAN'S POLL personally or through his staff, individual cor­ brought with him to Congress. He has ON ELECTED OFFICIALS' RE­ respondents for further discussion or to bet­ been an effective advocate for the inter­ SPONSES TO CONSTITUENTS ter svlve the constituent's problem. One ests of his Cincinnati constituents. His State Representative was thankful that there past judicial experience has made him a a.re ". . . a. number of experts in my dis­ HON. ROBERT J. HUBER trict . . ." who he can turn to for advice. useful and valued member of the Judi­ Elected officials simply cannot be experts ciary Committee. It is little wonder that OF MICHIGAN BILL KEATING's name has figured promi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES on everything going on in government today, so constituents with particular specialties or nently in speculation about a possible Thursday, November 8, 1973 interests can do a. great service and are much candidacy for the Senate seat in Ohio appreciated by their representatives. being vacated by Senator WILLIAM SAXBE. Mr. HUBER. Mr. Speaker, recently, a It is this type of interaction that I con­ young constituent of mine, David Jaffe, Mr. Speaker, particularly at this time, sider most important. A give and take be­ the citizens of this country hope to have a high school junior at Roeper City and tween representatives and constituents, of County School in Bloomfield Hills, Mich., advice and information, of service and assist­ representing them individuals of high forwarded a project that he did when ance is the basic rootwork of our political integrity and ch_aracter. BILL KEATING is he w&s a freshman at that school. Al­ and governmental system. The only thing such a man, and the citizens of this Na­ though the study was completed in June lacking is better participation. When a. mem­ tion will feel his loss inmeasurably. 1972, I still think it is worth noting his ber of Congress serving more than 400,000 I know I speak for all of my colleagues conclusions concerning how elected of­ people receives letters from less than one in this body when I wish BILL KEAT:U'l"G twelfth of those in an entire year (not tak­ every success in his new position as pres­ ficials respond to their constituents. His ing into account those who write more than survey covered not only U.S. Senators once) something is wrong. In order to make ident of the Cincinnati Enquirer. and Representatives, but State represen­ our system of government function as j;atives and senators and mayors of cities smoothly and as fairly a.s possible, many of over 50,000 people. It is encouraging more people must participate directly in to find that most elected officials are the decision making process. The only ef­ FORCED BUSING FOR RACIAL very responsive to the views of their fective way to do this is to communicate BALANCE constituents according to this young with our elected officials. man's poll. It is also heartening to find HON. THOMAS N. DOWNING that not all of the young people in this OF VmGINIA country are "disenchanted" with the BILL KEATING IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES American political process. Therefore, I am enclosing Mr. Jaffe's Thursday, November 8, 1973 conclusions as to how elected officials HON. WALTER E. POWELL Mr. DOWNING. Mr. Speaker, the in­ keep their constituents informed for OF OHIO equities of forced busing for racial bal­ the consideration of my colleagues: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ance are continuing to be felt through­ CONCLUSIONS Thursday, November 8, 1973 out an ever-increasing portion of the Elected officials in the United States have Nation's communities. Responsible citi­ a deep sense of responsibility to those they Mr. POWELL of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, zens everyWhere are beginning to make represent. To compose and dictate 430 let­ given all the confusion and controversy their views known on this issue. Recent­ ters a. week, or 23,360 a. year, is a. tremen­ in recent days, an event which may have ly the Council of the City of NewPort dous job. To compose a.nd have printed at gone unnoticed was the decision of my News, where I live, adopted the follow­ one's own expense more than 120,000 ques­ good friend and colleague, WILLIAM J. tionnaires and 593,000 newsletters each year ing resolution setting forth its opposition is a. demonstration of a. real commitment. KEATING of Cincinnati, to resign his seat to forced busing. Due to the widespread To read the complaints, advice, criticisms, in the House of Representatives effective interest in this matter, I wish to share congratulations and condemnations of 574 January 4, 1973, in order to assume the their views with my colleagues: people each week takes a. lot of determina­ position of president of the Cincinnati RESOLUTION tion. In order to better represent the people Enquirer. A Resolution expressing the opposition of these officials, "keep my ears and my office From the date that BILL KEATING be­ the Council of the City of Newport News to open," "only vote contrary to their wishes came a Member of this body in January the massive crosstown forced busing of pub­ when I have information they are not privy 1971, he has exhibited uncommon quali­ lic school children within the City and urging to" and always, "keep their opinions in ties of resourcefulness, innovativeness, the Cong~·ess of the United States to imme­ mind". industriousness, dedication to principle, diately take action to stop it. It is logical that those officials with smaller Whereas, the Federal Courts required the constituencies tend to be able to give more and devotion to the interests of his con­ school board of the City of Newport News to time to each communication from those stituents. develop a. plan for the operation of the pub­ they represent. BILL KEATING has had an admirable lic schools of the City and the assignment of One basic trend that I noticed concerns record of public service. After graduating children thereto, which has resulted in mas­ the use of questionnaires and newsletters. from the University of Cincinnati and sive crosstown forced busing of thousands Of those groups surveyed, Governors and the University of Cincinnati Law School, of children within the City; and, Mayors, the officials the least physically re­ BILL KEATING entered the private prac­ Whereas, this massive crosstown forced moved from their constituents, need not use tice of law. In 1959, BILL KEATING was busing has caused such inconvenience to newsletters to keep their constituents in­ elected to the Cincinnati Municipal many parents and children that it is un­ formed or questionnaires to keep track of the Court, a trial court of limited jurisdic­ acceptable to them, and many children have people's wishes. These groups use newsletters left the Newport News Public School Sys­ and questionnaires both 0% and 11.7%, re­ tion. He served on this court until1964, tem, and, when he was elected to the Hamilton spectively. At the same time 67% of State Whereas, the effects of the forced busing Representatives and 47% of State Senators County Court of Common Pleas, a trial are causing damage to the educational sys­ send newsletters. 60% and 47%, respectively, court of general jurisdiction. In 1967, he tem; and, of these make use of questionnaires. Those left his judicial position in order to run Whereas, the massive crosstown forced 36424 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 8, 1973 busing is requiring a burdensome expense on Larson's bravery and devotion, which . went from its long history of surplus and the taxpayers by usurping money from edu­ exemplify the highest ideal of concern relatively low prices to a summer of com­ cation to transportation; and, of one human being for another who is paratively high prices and scarcity. Whereas, the massive crosstown forced Housewives quickly discovered that the busing is adding to the energy crisis and in distress. Kremlin's preference for the choicer cuts of affecting the environment of our Community meat, as evidenced by the Soviet wheat deal, by the emission of the exhaust pollutants in raised the cost of cake mix in St. Louis Park. the atmosphere. Humphrey went into orbit as the Senate's Now, therefore, be it resolved by the PRESSURE ON SUPPLIES SPURS DE­ food supply expert. "For once in my life," Council of the City of Newport News: MAND FOR MORE FOOD OUTPUT he said, "I've hit the right place at the right 1. That the Council hereby expresses its time." He a-dded, smiling, "I've had bad luck opposition to the massive crosstown forced with that." busing of public school children within the HON. BILL FRENZEL On the cosmic questions of when demand City of Newport News, and urges the Con­ OF MINNESOTA will outrun world food supply, experts dis­ agree. But Humphrey is one of those students gress of the United States to imme:iiately IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES take action to stop such forced busing and predicting early crisis. to reverse the trend which is so damaging to Thursday, November 8, 1973 "For the next five years this world of ours the educational system. is going to be struggling with a very serious Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, today I food shortage," he said. "It is going to be 2. That the City Clerk is directed to trans­ am inserting the final article from a mit copies of this Resolution to the Presi­ exceedingly difficult. There will be starvation dent of the United States, Vice President of four-part series on world food supply by in many areas. the United States, each member of the Minneapolis Tribune d?ff writer AI Mc­ "I'm painting the picture as I think it is: United States Senate and the House of Conagha. This article deals with some It's tight and it's tough. No matter how you Representatives. of Senator HUBERT HUMPHREY's efforts to look at the situation, it is touch and go for improve our food supply policies. the fcreseeable future," he added. Senator HUMPHREY is interested in see­ BErrER FOOD SUPPLY DATA SOUGHT ing a world food reserve established and Pressures on food supply come from popu­ RED CROSS CERTIFICATE OF MERIT in getting American agriculture to ex­ lation growth, the impact on diet of increas­ ing afHuence and the drawing down of world GOES TO MR. NORMAN C. LARSON pand into the role of providing larger food reserves after widespread 1972 harvest FOR SAVING A LIFE amounts of the world's total food sup­ failures. plies. Senator HuMPHREY is in a good Nevertheless, Humphrey thinks grain will position to do something. He is the chair­ be in reasonably good supply in 1974 and HON. WILLIAM M. KETCHUM man of the Senate Subcommittee on For­ 1975. Part of this will be because high prices OF CALIFORNIA eign Agricultural Policy, a member of will encourage worldwide production on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES t.he Select Committee on Nutrition and marginal land. He amends this prediction slightly to say Thursday, November 8, 1973 Human Needs, and a member of Joint next year will be fairly tight due to the Economic Committee's Subcommittee on efforts of anxious countries to build up their Mr. KETCHUM. Mr. Speaker, I have International Economics. recently been informed of an im;piring reserves in food and feed grains. The article by Mr. McConagha fol­ "But looking down the road," he adds, act of mercy undertaken by my constit­ lows: "there is every indication that there will be uent, Mr. Norman C. Larson. At great PRESSURE ON SUPPLIES SPURS DEMAND FOR severe pressure on wheat and protein, all risk to himself, Mr. Larson performed an MORE FOOD OUTPUT forms of protein, but primarily soybeans." act of heroism and skill which resulted The Minnesotan is actively forwarding his (EDITOR's NoTE: Food shortages, surpluses, solutions to these problems. And, in general, in the saving of another human life. costs and boycotts are in t.he headlines nearly On the night of July 20, 1973, just 3 every day. To find out why food has become they refl.e<:t much of the thinking of global days after he had completed a Red Cross food supply experts outside the government. a major concern, Staff Correspondent AI Mc­ The administration appears to be at least first aid course, Mr. Larson was relaxing Conagha has investigated the relationships listening. For instance, Humphrey urged in his home when he was aroused by a of food problems a.round the world. This is the last of four articles.) Henry Kissinger during the Senate hearing neighbor's alarm that there was "a car on his nomination as secretary of state to upside down in the canal with people in (By AI McConagha) call a worldwide food meeting. it.'' Mr. Larson ran toward the canal, a WASHINGTON, D.C.-AS a committee assign­ A month later in his first speech as secre­ block from his home. At the scene of the ment, agriculture is slightly more popular tary, Kissinger called on the United Nations accident he dived into the swift water than supervising the t-room closets. Senators to convene a conference next year on the prefer the high policy of foreign relations or problems of rising consumption and lack of of the canal and swam approximately 40 the big money of appropriations. cereals stocks. feet to where a victim had been removed So when Hubert Humphrey came back to Humphrey also thinks the Agriculture De­ from the automobile. He assisted another the Senate in 1971 after four vice-presiden­ partment is making an effort to answer his rescuer in removing the victim to the tial years and two more out of office, he had plea for better information to get an earlier bank, and immediately began to admin­ no trouble with his request--a seat on Agri­ and more accurate idea of what the supply- ister mouth-to-mouth resuscitation to culture. demand ratio will be. - the unconscious man, continuing until The Minnesota Democrat had promised "Data. is very uncertain," Humphrey said. breathing was resumed. Mr. Larson also voters that he would get on that committee "There are lots of arguments or disputes if elected but he was under no illusions about about supplies for the simple reason that the used his first aid skills to seal a deep its standing in the pecking order of Senate statistical gathering of information is not laceration and stop bleeding while he prestige. very good." was giving resuscitation. The victim was "When you get assigned to Agriculture, it's OPPOSITION SEEN FOR HHH FOOD PROPOSAL taken by ambulance to a hospital for like being told you're at the end of the line, Humphrey, of course. wants to maximize medical care. Without doubt, Mr. Lar­ buddy," he said recently. "We've cut down U.S. production. But he is concerned over son's use of his recently acquired skills the committee size because we couldn't get serious shortages of fertilizer, fuel, railway and knowledge saved the life of the man. people to serve on it." and port facillties, and farm credit. For this courageous deed, Mr. Larson As consolation prize, Humphrey also was The senator also is promoting a domestic named to the Senate-House Economic Com­ food and fiber reserve. This would be what has been awarded the Red Cross Certif­ mittee. He became h<"ad c.f the consumer sub­ icate of Merit. The certificate of merit is he calls a consumer marketing or "strategic" committee and likewise turned his atten­ reserve of corn, soybeans and wheat and he the highest award given by the American tion to food-related bsues. has been arguing it for 25 years. Red Cross to a person who saves a life Humphrey, no political wallflower, was Designed as a hedge against skyrocketing by using skills learned in a Red Cross searching for a significant issue. His old domestic prices and a means of maintaining first aid, small craft, or water safety causes, health, social services, had been pre­ export com.mitments, these stocks would be course. The certificate bears the original empted by younger champions during his ab­ isolated from the market to protect farm signatures of the President of the United sence from the Senate. prices and released only after certain levels States, honorary chairman, and Frank Suddenly to his surprise and pleasure, ot shortage are reached. Humphrey found that he had been thrown There is considerable opposition to this Stanton, chairman of the American Na­ into the candy jug. After years of general in­ proposal. Some farmers, interested In hlgh tional Red Cross. difference, food and agriculture were now prices, regard reserves as market dampeners. I am sure that all my colleagues join front-page stu1f. The departlnent wants to get out of the me in expressing our admiration for Mr. Virtually overnight U.S. food production storage business. November 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36425 His farm friends are just going to have to available because of Moscow's large pur­ I believe Mr. Ford to be the ideal man for understand that $10 soybeans and $5 wheat chases in America. saving the country from a protracted bitter are intolerable and that they are in a politi­ Lester Brown of the Overseas Development fight in Congress. Congressman Ford meets cal minority, Humphrey said in a recent Council observes that North America today the criteria set by President Nixon-i.e., he is interview. controls a larger share of the world's export­ qualified to be President; he shares the In a recent hearing he added that con­ able surplus food than the Middle East does President's views on domestic and foreign sumers would be unlikely, as a political mat­ oil. policy; and he is capable of working with ter, to place themselves at the mercy of "I don't want to be mean about this," said both parties in Congress. I think Jerry Ford unrestrained world market pressures at a Humphrey recently, "but the time has come will make an outstanding Vice President. time of high U.S. farm production. to say we want something too. To produce DAVID C. TREEN, MANY EXPERTS URGE WORLD FOOD RESERVE one calorie of food, we have to have eight Member of Congress. or nine calories of fuel." Humphrey stresses that the upcoming "I want us to take the lead internationally multinational trade negotiations must re­ because we have so much at stake," the Min­ solve severe problems to increase global food H. A. EDWARDS, SR., OF nesotan added on another occasion. "We can TUSCALOOSA production and expand agricultural trade. outcompete anybody in agricultural produc­ "International rules guiding agricultural tion. This is tailor-made for us. trade are less strict, more ambiguous, and "Fifty years ago when you talked agricul­ less comprehensive than those governing in­ HON. WALTER FLOWERS ture you would talk domestic agricultural OF ALABAMA dustrial trade," he told an agribusiness meet­ policy. It didn't lend itself to our balance of ing in Atlanta. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Without generally accepted rules to guide payments, it wasn't vital to our trade. national farm policies, we force government "For years you could look upon agriculture Thursday, November 8, 1973 to solve their agricultural problems without as a series of lakes. There was European agri­ ~ulture. There was agriculture in Australia. Mr. FLOWERS. Mr. Speaker, on Octo­ regard to their external effects," he added. ber 21, Mr. H. A. Edwards, Sr., retired as Many experts believe that the ultimate There was Argentinian agriculture. agricultural answer, if there is one, to the "These were like little pools of food. But chairman of the Druid City Hospital food-population race lies in increasing food now the world has changed. Agricultural Board of Trustees. Tuscaloosa and west production in developing countries. production is like an ocean and the tide af­ Alabama are indebted to him for his long In general, this argument contends that fects us all. All the ships go up and down with the tide." unselfish service to our community. many of these nations have the largest un­ Mr. Edwards served on the board for used agricultural potential. They require, 26 years, the past 20 years as chairman. however, significant outside help to exploit His inspired leadership enabled Druid it. FORD IS QUALIFIED The Minnesotan recently was floor man­ City Hospital to become one of the out­ ager of the first foreign assistance bill to standing medical facilities in our region. pass the Senate in three years. It provides HON. EARL F. LANDGREBE The Tuscaloosa News and Graphic re­ $565 million over two years for food pro­ cently paid high tribute to Mr. Edwards. duction and rural development. OF INDIANA I commend these two articles to my col­ But foreign aid is now in low regard. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES leagues and insert them into the RECORD Senate passed the $1.2 billion measure by a Thursday, November 8, 1973 at tins time. narrow majority and it is unclear whether those food provisions will emerge from the Mr. LANDGREBE. Mr. Speaker, in his The a~·ticles follow: House-Senate conference. short time here, the gentleman from H. A. EDWARDS' SERVICE There is considerable resistance also to Louisiana echo DAVE TREEN's sentiments, and now the hospital is carrying on an improve­ and availability of grain. thank God that this Congress and the ment program that may cost up to $20 mil­ The Food and Agriculture Organization American people can recognize a great lion upon completion. (FAO) of the United Nations also is propos­ man such as JERRY FoRD, and reject the Mr. Edwards is a past recipient (1966) of ing an international grain reserve that will the Civitan Club's Citizen of the Year Award. be taken up at its conference in Rome next warped perspective of the Washington It is appropriate that he already has been month. Post's editorial board. honored for his dedication to Tuscaloosa and HHH CALLS FOOD KEY IN U.S. TRADE Representative TREEN's letter to the its well being. Jean Mayer, Harvard University professor editor follows; of nutrition, advocates another solution. He FoRD Is QuALIFIED HARVEY EDWARDS HAS SERVED COMMUNITY asks that the United States establish a cen­ It was with dismay that I read your recent WELL tral authority to control and license food editorial, "The Choice of Mr. Ford." H. A. Edwards Sr. will retire as chairman exports. If by "pedestrian" you mean someone who of the Druid City Hospital Board of Trustees Such a grain and soybean trade board believes in the middle-class values of our at the end of the month. This community would report to the president. It would es­ society; by "partisan," someone who rejects and this section of the state owe this man a tablish policies for commodity export and the notion that President Nixon is Satan; by debt of gratitude for his long, faithful and withhold some food from trade for relief "dogged," someone who believes it is more fruitful service. purposes. important to save tax dollars than to save Edwards has served as a hospital trustee This would have a voided some of the er­ bureaucratic reputations; if a lack of em­ for 26 years and has been chairman of the rors of the wheat sale to the Soviet Union. brace for the New Deal, Great Society pro­ board for the past 20. This has been a period Then the Russians dealt with competing grams means that one has not shown an "im­ during which Druid City Hospital has made commodity traders instead of a central pressive grasp of the complexities of hard tremendous strides toward providing ade­ agency, such as the one in Canada. questions"; if by "modest ambition" one quate care and treatment for patients of this The Russian wheat deal raises another means a man content to work for his con­ community and others from West Alabama. policy consideration. It suggests that we may stituents, his country, and his party, as a U.S. It has been a time when the hospital has be entering a period in which food will play congressman; then I suppose Congressman faced problems-in service, in facilities. an unaccustomed role as an instrument of Gerald Ford might be all of these things. But Druid City Hospital today stands as a fit­ political leverage. with leadership and dedication, vigor and ting memorial to Harvey Edwards' dedication India, for instance, will squeak through to confidence, Jerry Ford has served his country and determination. He has not been alone Jts next harvest on a Soviet loan of 2 million and his party loyally and unpretentiously for in providing leadership for the institution, tons of wheat. This grain is presumably the last 25 years. but he has always been in the forefront in 36426 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 8, 1973 determination to provide this community able to sudden gusts in the fickle wind of with the best possible hospital and staff. public opinion. No charges of criminality ents are in the subject of conservation Druid City now is embarking on a new have been lodged against him and the Presi­ generally, because I have heard from expansion program. This is part of a continu­ dent cannot be compelled to resign an office many of them. ing effort to improve facilities, to keep pace to which he was lawfully elected. I was particularly anxious to get the with needs and medical technology. That has If he is to be required to step down, Mr. students' original ideas on this subject been the hallmark of the period during which Nixon is first entitled to h is dav in court. because the quality of the world they Edwards has been Druid City's board If he has been guilty of "high crimes and inherit may be greatly affected by the chairman. misdemeanors," if he has violated his oath Pla nning and looking to fut ure needs have to see to it that the laws are justly enforced, manner in which we deal with the en­ been uppermost in the direction of the hos­ then he--and the American people--are en­ ergy crisis. In challenging our young peo­ pital board from the time the institution tit led to a bill of particulars. ple to consider their future by thinking m oved from the University campus to the There are those who draw back in fear about creative, constructive solutions to former Northington General Hospital and from the trauma of tnlpeachment proceed­ this serious problem, I was confident then on to its present location in modern ings. We have a greater faith in the tough­ that we would be able to develop some f acilities. ness of the Americans people, t h e resiliency exciting new possibilities. Certa inly Harvey Edwards has earned well­ of our institutions and the genius of our Mr. Speaker, it tumed out that the deserved relief from his duties as board Constitution. chairman of the hospital. And he retires In our view, the first order of business aims of this contest exceeded even be­ from that position assured that his long ought to be the confirmation by the Senate yond my hopes. I received a great num­ service has been appreciated by hospital of Vice President-designate Gerald Ford. For ber of excellent suggestiClns, and every st aff and employes, by his fellow board mem­ if .Mr. Nixon is to be swept aside, it is es­ entry was outstanding. bers and by this community. sential that the people's mandate of 1972 be Of course, there was one essay which assured. It is to the credit of House Ma­ stood out as being particularly original jority Leader Carl Albert, at present the and well written. Since space does not next in line for the presidency, that he permit me to have all of the essays re­ RESIGNATION realizes that a Democratic succession would destroy the legitimacy of the government. printed here, I would like to submit the Once Ford has been confirmed, the House winning entry of Miss Dawn Beaty, of HON. DEL CLAWSON Judiciary Committee ought to move with all Columbia, S.C., as being representative deliberate speed in its investigation to es­ of the fine work done by students in my OF CALIFORNIA tablish whether a case for the impeachment area on this vital subject. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the President exists. Should it so find, Mr. Speaker, I include Miss Beaty's Thursday, November 8, 1973 it will be up to the House to act upon the essay entitled "What Can a Citizen Do To committ ee's recommendation, either reject­ Mr. DEL CLAWSON. Mr. Speaker, in ing it or sending it forward to the Senate. Conserve Energy?" in the CONGRESSIONAL the clamor for his resignation the Presi­ The national weal requires a speedy and RECORD at this point: dent is being deprived of the right of definitive end to the Watergate scandal. But WHAT CAN THE CITIZEN DO TO CONSERVE every citizen to the due process of the that end must be fair to the P1·esident and ENERGY? law. Yesterday's Washington Star-News to the cotmtry, and it must be seen to be During the past decade, the American pub­ fair. lic has been brutally awakened to the abuse published an editorial which I commend Article II of the Constitution provides for of our natural resources. They have seen to the attention oi my colleagues in the the removal of a President from office. It forests grow into houses; they have seen House of Representatives: would be the final irony if a president charg­ rivers die of pollution; and they have RESIGNATION ed by his opponents with abusing the Con­ watched a new day break through a clouded, Some of President Nixon's erstwhile sup­ stitution were hounded from office by a con­ gray horizon. Now, Americans are experienc­ porters have joined with many of his ancient stitutional short-cut which might poison the ing a comparable dilemma-they are watch­ foes in clamoring for his resignation. We have well of American politics for generations to ing our country slowly · weaken as our fuel no intention of adding our voice to that come. resources are abused and consumed. But, chorus, which is unseemly, unfair and un­ A forced resignation would leave an in­ even when they are faced with this crisis, wise, from the point of view not only of tolerable question mark on the political hor­ many persons complacently sit around feel· :rvrr. Nixon but of the nation. izon and create more stresses than it would ing quite certain that some higher authority Which is not to say that we are convinced relieve. It ought not to be contemplated. will correct this problem with a snap of a of the pristine purity of the President. Far finger. But, these individuals are depending from it: We have the gravest doubts as to upon blind faith. They should not expect one .Mr. NiXon's fitness to occupy the highest body of persons to correct the mistakes of office in the land. WHAT CAN THE CITIZENS DO TO everyone. The American people caused this The point is that resignation would resolve CONSERVE ENERGY? dilemma; only the American people can bail none of those doubts. Indeed, such an act themselves out. Each individual must con­ would obscure, perhaps forever, the vital tribute his effort to alleviate the nation's question of .Mr. Nixon's innocence or guilt energy crisis. in the Wat~rgate affair and its attendant HON. FLOYD SPENCE But, exactly what is the "energy crisis" and scandals. There would be no catharsis in OF SOUTH CAROLINA just how important is it? An energy crisis is the result of the mismanagement of our this. Indeed, resignation would leave a leg­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES acy of bitterness and suspicion in at least natural fuel resources. These resources in­ that 27 percent of the electorate which, by Thursday, November 8, 1973 clude oil, gasoline, electricity, coal, and kero­ sene. It is with these fuels that our mecha­ some mind-boggling leap of faith, continues Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, I recently to believe that Mr. Nixon is doing a good nized nation functions. The depletion of job as President and is innocent of complicity had the honor of hosting a very special America's sources of energy can be best com­ in Watergate. young lady during her 2-day visit to pared with the loss of blood. Our body runs Some of those who are asking .Mr. Nixon to Washington. Her name is Miss Dawn on blood. If our body is injured, causing a step down are doing so on the grounds that Beaty, and I am especially proud of her loss of this precious fuel, it could ba serious. he has lost his capacity to govern, that he because she was the winner of a contest This would be extremely serious, if there is politically "crippled." It is true that Mr. I sponsored in the Second Congressional were no blood to replace our slowly escaping Nixon's power and prestige have been im­ blood. In such a case, with no "fuel'• to run District of South Carolina. the body's organs, our body would die. So too paired and, given what we now know about The contest that several of my col­ Watergate, that is not altogether a bad thing. will our nation, if the individual does not But "crippled"? That must come as news to leagues on the Task Force on Energy and awaken to what this crisis could mean to his the President's opponents on the Hill, who Resources and I initiated had an ex­ own life. have been unable to override one of his eight tremely important purpose, Mr. Speaker. It is true that many persons have already vetoes (the most recent on October 30) this Students in high schools throughout the been directly aJfected by the energy crisis. On the other hand, many have not. Let us year. It must also come as news to both sides district were asked to write an essay on in the Mideast crisis. the topic, "What Can the Individual Citi­ examine a high school senior's "brutal" When a tide of emotion is running high, awakening to the energy crisis. zen Do To Help Solve the Ene1·gy Crisis?" Our high school senior entered his final it 1s easy to get swept away. So perhaps it As members of the Task Force on En­ is worth recalling that Mr. Nixon's popularity year of study with two goals in mind-to has not yet fallen to the 1951 level of a ergy and Resources, we have been active graduate, and to hit the beach just as soon president now widely regarded as one of our this year in seeking new energy sources, as he got his diploma. All during the com­ near-great leaders-Harry S. Truman. as well as encouraging conservation of mercement ceremony he dreamed of sand. In any event, ours is not a parliamentary what we have available now. I knew how rolllng waves and bronze-skinned girls with system under which a president is account- vitally interested my student-constitu- long blond hair. Even his mother's tears of November 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36427 pride only reminded him that tomorrow he to insure that there will be enough for our problems that have arisen in the arid would be up to his neck in salty water. children's car pools. An individual should West require the continuing attention of 'T'hat night, "Junior" dragged himself home also make certain that be accomplishes as from the graduation party and packed his many of his errands as possible in one trip. the Bureau of Reclamation on a regional car. In it went towels, bathing trunks, a pol­ This will take a little planning But, re­ basis is worthy of note by all of my ished surfboard, and 1:.untan oil. That night member, this energy crisis arose from poor fellow Members. He is a leading irriga­ he fell asleep dreaming of rolling waves and planning. The American public must use tionist in the United States. bronze-skinned girls with long blond hair. their heads and think. I include his paper delivered to the U.S. The next morning, "Junior" jumped into But you are a traveling salesman; you need Committee on Irrigation, Drainage, and his car, revved the motor a few times, and your own personal car. If so you will need Flood Control in Sacramento, Calif., on t h ought about those bronze-skinned girls more gas than the average American. Thus, with long blond hair. But just then he no­ it is important that your car is in faultless September 21, 1973, as an extension of t iced that his tank was nearly empty. So condition. An automobile in disrepair con­ my remarks: " Junior" trucked it down to the gas station sumes much more gas than one in top con­ !RRIGATION IN THE UNITED STATES; THE around the corner only to pull up to empty dition. Also, in traveling, a person should SITUATION TODAY pumps! So there he sits in his car, watch­ maintain a steady speed, not exceeding 50 Irrigation supports the agriculture of the ing those bronze-skinned girls with long mph. But, it appears that interstate high­ semi-arid and arid western United States. blond hair wave bye to him as they run ways encourage our national inclination-to Agriculture is the dominant industry of the down the sandy beach. move fast. It would be much easier to have region. Irrigation is practiced increasingly in Amusing--or is it sad? For there are going the American public adjust to an energy the more humid states, as well, but among to be many "Juniors" in this country if crisis speed limit than to a permanent one. them, except in Florida, Arkansas and Loui­ each person does not make a valid effort to In such times of great fuel need, highway and siana, irrigation is not given much atten­ conserve our fuel resources. But "Junior's" road speed limits should be decreased 10 tion as a factor infiuencing farm produc­ problem, however, is not our greatest con­ mph. This could be designated as the En­ tion. cern. The energy crisis would not be of great ergy Crisis Speed Limit. People, by nature, The situation in the United St ates today significance to us if all it meant was that the would see reason to observe this regulation is that irrigation is a western operation of fuel shortage prevented a high school gradu­ with less protest than to an unjustified every­ critical importance in the production of food ate from driving to the beach. A more rele­ day low speed limit. and fiber. Irrigated agriculture is the founda­ vant situation would involve more than a The individual can also heed the advice of tion of the economy of the western states. boy's "shattered" dreams about himself and energy conservation information. In South Irrigation in western United States was the beach. For instance, suppose the Lexing­ Carolina, the SCE&G is doing a fine job of begun by the earliest Europeans to settle ton County Hospital caught fire, and because stressing the importance of electrical energy here. The Spanish Padres dammed the the area fire station had no access to fuel for conservation. They have made television com­ streams and irrigated the gardens with which t h eir trucks, both the building and hundreds mercials, and have mailed fuel conservation they surrounded their missions. The Mor­ of lives were rtestroyed. This would be a grave tips to state residents. Other agencies have mons, when they arrived on the banks of matter. This is exactly why the energy crisis also attempted to educate the American pub­ the Great Salt Lake, diverted City Creek to is just what it is-a crisis. lic in regards to fuel consumption. As indi­ irrigate some potatoes in order to establish "But what can I do? I'm only one," you viduals we should appreciate and acknowl­ themselves in a land that was physically might reply. But thousands of people are edge these suggestions and act upon them. hostile. Migrants stopped off at Fort Bridger made up of one plus one plus one ... It took The individual can also make certain that on the way West, and irrigated pastures to thousands of people to cause an energy his Congressman knows how he feels about grow hay for their oxen so that they could crisis like this one, and it will take thou­ energy crisis legislation. As cit.izens we are continue to Oregon. Many Forty-niners in sands to correct this colossal mistake. powerful, for we can voice our opinions and California deserted their diggings after the The first place you might start is with suggestions to those who represent us. first winter to irrigate farms in the Central your own home's heating system. Does it Thus, the individual can make a difference Valley. adequately heat the house? If not, do some­ in the conservation of our fuel resources; but Historically, the primary influence in the thing about it! First, you should make cer­ everyone must do his part, for each person growth of western irrigation has been that of tain that your home is properly insulated. is only a part of a whole--our nation. Only the Federal Reclamation Act of June 17, 1902. Oh, that costs too much money, you might then, as a nation, can we cope with our energy Late in the 1880's and during the 1890's, argue; the easier solution is to turn up the crisiS. western leaders were convinced that private heat. Better insulation, however, is the wiser developers and the states and territories were answer, for there appears to be a limitless not equal to the task of planning, financing amount of insulation. But what good is all ffiRIGATION IN THE UNITED and constructing the large-scale water proj­ this material to retain heat if there is no STATES: THE SITUATION TODAY ects that were required in the settlement of fuel to produce it. All the money in the the West. The nation as a whole gave high world will not purchase more fuel to warm a priority at that time to winning the West poorly insulated home if there is no fuel to HON. HAROLD T. JOHNSON and was anxious to populate the new states buy. Next, check your home's heating ducts. that were being added to the Union beyond They should be properly wrapped and insu­ OF CALIFORNIA the lOOth Meridian. Theodore Roosevelt, in lated. This can save a tremendous amount of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES his first mess&ge to the Congress, called for fuel. Storm windows, too, are a very sound Thursday, November 8, 1973 the adoption of Federal :r.eclamation as a investment in the insulation of a home. homebuilding policy in the semi-arid and Now, examine the temperature of your Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr. arid regions. The Federal Reclamation Act home. Determine whether or not you can Speaker, statements are being made that followed within a few months. conserve fuel by cutting down on the therm­ the Bureau of Reclamation has com­ The 1969 Census of Agriculture, which ostat. Another important aspect of home pleted its job of building the West provides the latest statistics available, dis­ heating is the thermostat setting during the through irrigation of public lands in the closed that seven decades later there were night. Cut it down. Psychologists have found 39,129,758 acres of land irrigated that year that persons sleep better in a cool room. arid zone beyond the 100th meridian. in the 50 states. Of the total, 34,787,156 were This is attributed to the fact that. a person Federal reclamation was adopted as a irrigated in the 17 western states. Farm lands bundles up in his bed covers when the room homemaking program for the western re­ were irrriga.ted in every state of the union. is cooler, thus causing him to sleep better. gion in 1902. Times have changed and the In three of the states that are considered What about rooms you seldom use? Close program has changed in the seven dec­ naturally well-watered, the areas that were the heat ducts in those places. Be wise and ades that have passed, but the West is irrigated would have been substantial even conservative in your use of home fuel re­ still the arid region that John Wesley had they b::!en in the arid west. Florida, sources. Powell and Theodore Roosevelt knew at with 1,365,206 acres irrigated, exceeded such Next, let us examine the major abuser of western states as Arizona, Kansas, Nevada, fuel resources-those one, two, and three the turn of the last century, and its prob­ New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South cars sitting in your driveway. It is a shame lems remain unique. They cannot be ig­ Dakota, Utah and Washington in the area that our society feels that each person should nored. irrigated. Arkansas and Louisiana rivaled have his own car, much like every person William E. Warne, former Assistant many of these that are commonly thought has his own social security number. It seems Commissioner of Reclamation, former of as "irrigation states." that a man is dubbed a social failure 1! he Assistant Secretary for Water and Power The situation today is that irrigation is in­ does not have a car for himself, one for his of the Department of the Interior, and creasing more rapidly in the eastern, more wife and several more for his teenagers. former director of the California De­ humid states, than it is in the western arid An:lericans, In all practicality, do not need and semi-arid states. There was a 13.3% in­ so many cars. The family breadwinner should partment of Water Resources, has pre­ crease of Irrigated acreage over a :five year perceive that a family that drives together, pared a thoughtful analysis of the period in the East against a 4.8% net in­ thrives together. So will our natlon. Indi­ situation of irrigation in the United crease in the West. viduals should band together into car pools States today. His conclusion that new California, with 7,240.131 acres irrigated 1n 36428 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 8, 1973 1969, led all &tates, with Texas, which irri­ of the Nation, to provide benefits for a mation program. Annual Federal investment gated 6,888,075 acres, second. California has few." in irrigation projects that included multi­ led all states, i.nigated or not irrigated, for a In reviewing the Minidoka and Tucum­ purpose dams and comprehensive river basin number of years in the value of her agricul­ cari projects, the Commission saw that val­ developments immediately increased many tural production, recently exceeding $5 bil­ uable development had taken place, but it times and the new plateau of construction lio:J. a year, and Texas historically has been wondered what would have happened if the did not thereafter slope off toward previous among the top three farm states. In Califor­ projects had not been constructed. There levels. nia, four-fifths or more of the farm income are millions of acres of desert lands that For a period of another 30 years, roughly is derived from irrigated lands. Many of Cali­ were vacant in 1902 and that remain vacant from 1930 to 1960, Federal Reclamation fornia's crops are marketed in substantial today in these same and similar western rolled along on the crest of a wave of mul­ quantities abroad. The state's exports con­ areas. tiple-purpose projects. Great dams like tribute materially to the United States' They provide the answer to the Commis­ Grand Coulee, in the Columbia River, and balance of trade. sion's question. Shasta in the Sacramento River made con­ Obviously, the irrigated crops today are a "Nothing would have happened. Nothing tributions through their hydro-power to the significant factor in the ability of the United at all." development of western cities. Cheap energy States to feed her people and at the same If Idaho and l'Tew Mexico are of no value influenced the growth of such cities as Los time to export vast quantities of food and to the taxpayers .>f the United States, then Angeles, San Francisco, Portland, Seattle and fiber to nations around the world. the investment of Reclamation funds in irri­ Spokane as significantly as irrigation of the Because of its origin, its history, and its gation projects within the boundaries of deserts had influenced the development of recorded achievements, the Bureau of Rec­ such states might be considered only as a the backcountry during the generation that lamation is the dominant agency in arid subsidy of the few who now manage to make preceded this era. land irrigation in the United States. It is, in a living from the lands that irrigation has Though the reclamation program was fact, recognized as the leading institution in made productive. On the other hand, if de­ modified by new influences during this sec­ the field worldwide. The Bureau has re­ veloped states in the arid region today are ond period, the basic precepts of FedE-ral searched and pioneered in all phases of en­ important to the United States as a whole, Reclamation were not altered. The program gineering and construction related to dams, then more than the immediate few who irri­ was conducted with interest free or low­ hydro-electric power plants, canals and ap­ gate the reclaimed desert lands have been interest financing and the 160-acre law was purtenances. benefited. not repealed. The social objectives of the The situation is that today the Bureau of Federal Reclamation was the 20th Century settlement of desert lands and the winning Reclamation in the technical fields stands answer to the 19th Century problem of win­ of the west were still sought largely with the first in line and head and shoulders above its ning the West. As such, it carried provisions tools fashioned in 1902 and with the addi­ rivals. of subsidies of interest free money for proj­ tion of the public power preference clause In 1971, the latest year for which statistics ect construction and of free homestead land which first appeared in the Reclamation Law have been compiled, the Bureau of Reclama­ for settlers. in 1906. tion had constructed 305 storage dams, 316 Because Federal Reclamation was a home­ Controversies of telling impact arose as diversion dams, 13,600 miles of canals, and making policy, it incorporated provisions for these old social weapons were used by the 33,510 miles of laterals. There were 138 Fed­ limitation on the size of farms that could Bureau of Reclamation in the sophisticated eral Reclamation projects in operation and receive water-the so-called 160-acre law­ post-depression and post-war economies to the total cost of construction by the Bureau and residency requirements to maximize the which its great dams were now contributing. to June 30, 1971 was about $5.5 billion. In number of actual settlers in the lands. Other The emphasis during this period was placed 1971, the gross crop value from the operations requirements encouraged water users to or­ nationally on production, both in industry exceeded $2 billion for the first time, and ganize cooperatively for the creation of irri­ and on the farms, farms shed their nostalgic represented a per acre average value of gation districts to manage the project canals aura. $240.45. Of the total of 10,560,000 acres for and ditches. Townsites were authorized Farming as a way of life certainly ended which irrigation service was available from within the districts. The object of these pro­ with the Second World War. The returning · Bureau projects, 8,834,000 were actually ir­ visions was to create self-reliant, new, farm­ servicemen who sought farmsteads on the rigated and farmed in 1971. Municipal and based communities. In these objectives, the new reclamation projects of that perwd · industrial water were served to 14.5 million program, I believe, also has succeeded. wanted no subsistence farms, but sought people by the projects. Irrigation and other For many years after 1902, except in Cali­ units that would make for them decent liv­ services brought to 16 million or 30 percent fornia, Federal reclamation was virtually the ings on the scale of the new industrial of the entire population of the 17 western sole force at work in expanding western ir­ worker in the nearby towns. states the number who were provided project rigation. California provided much of the The controversies that arose over the 160- water. In addition, the number of visitor days leadership of the National Irrigation Con­ acre law and public power confused the to recreation areas provided by the projects gresses that successfully promoted Federal easterners, who had, however reluctantly, equalled about one-fourth of the population reclamation, but when the Act was passed in approved the reclamation program on the of the entire United States. Reclamation 1902, individual developers and irrigation grounds that it was needed to help people dams prevented that year $32.8 million in districts in California were succeeding in get started in the difficult western region. flood damages. Hydroelectric power produc­ expanding irrigation within the state. They The West wants to give up the 160-acre tion incidental to the operation of the rec­ were so successful that for 30 years the new law, the easterners said, let it also give up lamation dams amounted to 50.1 billion kilo­ Reclamation Service was confined in Cali­ the interest-free Federal financing of the watt hours which were sold for $161.4 million. fornia to one small project, the Orland Proj­ construction of irrigation projects. These These statistics may go whirling over your ect in the Sacramento Valley. two were companion policies used to make heads, because it takes study to comprehend That the Reclamation Act was effective as homes in the previously untenanted deserts. en masse such large numbers. To hear them, a community builder is clear from the read­ In effect, such is the judgement rendered however, may impress upon you that in car­ ing of the map of the West. Such thriving by the National Water Commission in its rying out the assignment of home-builder modern cities as Phoenix and Yuma, Arizona, recent report. (p. 148) and developer of the West, the Bureau of Boise, Idaho, Yakima, Washington, El Paso, "The Commission concludes that subsidi­ Reclamation in 71 years has substantial Texas, Grand Junction, Colorado, Reno, Ne­ zation of new irrigation projects is not justi­ achievements to its credit. vada, and many others received their prin­ fied on either social or economic grounds. The situation of the western states today cipal impetus from the development of Fed­ Reclamation farms differ little from non­ certainly would not be the same without the eral reclamation projects near or around reclamation farms, but federally subsidized program of the Bureau. The arid West was them in the first three decades of this cen­ irrigation does increase farm surpluses, in­ a hollow region in 1900. Efforts made in the tury. creasing the costs of price-support programs latter part of the 19th Century to settle During the Great Depression of the early and disadvantaging farmers in other parts the West through development of its water 1930's, two powerful new stimulants were ap­ of the country. Direct beneficiaries of Fed­ resom·ces and arid lands had been failures. plied to Federal Reclamation. First, pri­ eral irrigation developments should, there­ The Federal Reclamation Act of 1902, how­ vately financed irrigation projects encoun­ fore, be compelled to pay in full the costs ever, succeeded from the outset in building tered financial difficulties in California in of projects allocated to irrigation in con­ homes and developing towns in the waste­ the years when the Congress was granting formity to the general principle of full-cost lands. repayment moratoria on Federal projects. It repayment proposed for other water develop­ Remembering that the Federal Reclama­ became necessary to turn to the Bureau of ment projects elsewhere in this report." tion program was undertaken by the Gov­ Reclamation and to appeal for Federal ap­ The Commission made four recommenda­ ernment in pursuit of a national policy of propriations for the construction of needed tions to recover part of the subsidy it peopling and developing the arid West, it supplemental water projects, such as the thought some of the project il:rigators were is strange to hear the National Water Com­ Central Valley Project and the All-American receiving, but conceded that they would not mission say today, (p. 128) : and Coachella Canal Projects. Secondly, with recapture all of the public benefits. "The "A primary weakness of the Federal water the construction of Hoover Dam the advent proposals are thought to go as far towards resources development projects is that they of the multiple-purpose project that pro­ recapture as is practicable." (p. 149) the have been heavily subsidized by the Federal duced large blocks of highly salable electric Commission added. Government; that is, by all the taxpayers power gave a whole new aspect to the recla- The situation today is that the arguments

...... ~ ·= -~ ...... ~ November 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36429 which convinced the nation in 1902 to begin "Federal water programs can be easily ad­ from the West, though it is pretty certain Federal participation in irrigation develop­ justed to support whatever population dis­ that the twain shall never meet geographi­ ment of the West no longer seem equally tribution policy the Nation adopts. How­ cally except at the lOOth Meridian. valid. ever, water programs are not, 1n and of them­ Farming as a way of life may b'! as an­ Many a land owner in areas overlying se·.ves, adequate to effectuate a national tiquated as the \.Obblers bench and the groundwater basins or who can reach a river policy concerning where people will live. mom and pop grocery store. Perhaps no wit h an individual pumping plant has suc­ Water programs should continue to accom­ amount of subsidy of irrigation can pre­ cessfully irrigated arid land since the Second modat e future population growth and eco­ serve it. The goal of sound development of ·w orld War. He has used his own resources nomic well-being by responding to the pat­ the West through planned use of the scant or borrowed money at commercial interest tern of interregional population distribu­ western waters and the vast arid lands, rates to build his systems. The State of Cali­ tion. In some instances water programs may however, can be restateG. in modern terms. fornia has just completed the California influence desired population distribution The objectives of irrigation were stated in Water Project. It financed the construction provided other controlling conditions are the Federal Reclamation Act of 1902 in terms by floating its own bonds. This project is re­ favorable.'' r eadily understood and supported in the sulting in the irrigation in the southern San Argue, if you will, that the Federal Rec­ 19t h Century. Wit h three-quarters of the Joaquin Valley of the largest increments of lamation Act of June 17, 1902 was not de­ 20th Century elapsed and the West grown undeveloped lands that have been brought signed to cope with the complex problems of up, with many of the children born on the under cultivation 1n many years. The local today. The problems were not generated un­ early reclamation projects already grown old water service contractors, for the most part, til decades, in some instances many decades and retired, it is time to take a new look, to are financing their own district distribution after the Act became law. Of course, even set new guidelines, to revitalize the reclama­ systems. as amended by the Reclamation Project Act tion program and to ready the Bureau for It does not hold, of course, that because of 1939 and other monumental revisions, the the gigant ic asks that the future holds in favorably situated land owners can develop Federal Reclamation Act is inadequate in water resources conservation, management their own irrigation systems and because the face of the great emerging needs. The and development in the western region. Geo­ California, the most populous state in the programs of the Bureau, however, provide t hermal wells may substitute for some new Union, can finance her own magnificent pro­ the best platform from which to launch the reservoirs, desalters for some new dams, and ject, that all needed irrigation development attacks on these new problems. If the Bu­ some irrigation may give way to hydroponics. today can safely be left to private enterprise reau should no longer exist when the Fed­ Project Sky-water may succeed in increasing and the initiative of the states. Yet such are eral gave ·nment finally gets around to tack­ the annual flow of the Colorado River to the conclusions being jumped to by increas­ lil::g such problems, then a new agency in the what the Compact Commi ·ton in 1922 ing numbers of observors. They say, big gov­ Bureau's image will have to be created to t ·-.ought it might be. Not hing will sur­ ernment is no longer needed in this business, get these regional jobs done in the West. prise me, for I have seen so much wrought though perhaps it may have been in the be­ There have been other times of crisis in by the water resources people, of whom, hap­ ginning. Federal Reclamation has succeeded western water resources development since pily, I have been one for 40 years. But noth­ in working itself out of a job, they say, so its the Federal government began irrigating ing ever just happens. Wise and energetic program should be closed down. public lands. The first came when public men must be organized to conduct planned Such conclusion jumping, in my view, lands that were irrigable approached ex­ programs that can make the future that comes close to Olympic-record lengths. haustion and privately-owned lands were in­ which we dimly foresee but aspire to wit­ The ink was hardly dry on the final report cluded as large parts of the new reclama­ ness. of the National Water Commission, when t ion projects. Land speculation almost de­ It is in this context that I found the re­ farm prices began a quantum jump. Many troyed public confidence in the program at port of the National Water Commission f armers right here in the Sacramento Valley t hat time. negative and unsatisfactory. It seem•!d to are selling their products this year for twice Later, after the first World War, farm assume that all that is now needed, or per­ or more than twice what they got for the prices plummeted and settlers on Federal haps even more, had already been done. I same quantities last year. The Secretary of projects could not meet their payments. can not face with equanimity the thought Agriculture has been out here urging every­ The Congress granted relief until mora­ that the future of the United States may body to plant more of everything in the com­ toria on payments and write-oft's of project hold less irrigation than we have today. The in g year. These facts make some of these costs became almost habitual. Popular opin­ West, I believe, certainly can not accept such words in the Commission's report seem a bit ion spread that irrigation settlers were dead­ a conclusion. strange in the situation today. (p. 17) beats. This was very damaging to the pro­ The situation today is much as it was in "The results of the study, based on con­ gram. 1902; without irrigation the arid West has servative yield trends, indicate that U.S. Still later, the Bureau and the Corps of no fut ure. Agriculture would not be faced with aggre­ Engineers met head on in the Missouri Basin gative strains of food-producing capacity and an d the Central Valley of California in dead­ ly earnest rivalry. This left a bad taste in water supplies relative to needs in the year 1..~AR-ROUND DAYLIGHT SAVING 2000 under any of the alternative futures the mouths of many that no amount of co­ TIME HAS MAJORITY SUPPORT considered. Under the assumptions of the ordination of programs, voluntarily under­ IN WISCONSIN st udy, even if irrigated area is not increased taken, has as yet entirely eliminated. ever the next 30 years, capacity of American In recent years, inflexible cost-benefit agriculture will be sufficiently large to meet ratios that failed to reflect changing inter­ HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER the anticipated demands at reasonable prices. ests in water resources developments forced Projected food demands in the year 2000, ac­ ever more tortured allocations of costs. The OF WISCONSIN cording to the conclusions of the study, r esults of these mathematical gymnastics IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES could be met by returning land idled under raised questions concerning the value of the Thursday, November 8, 1973 Government programs to production with judgments of project planners, and the en­ the use of less irrigated land than at vironmentalists moved in to attack them. Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. present.'• The Congress wisely created special com­ Speaker, in light of the energy saving The anatomy of water resources develop­ missions-the Fact-finders, the Repayment steps the. President is asking us to ap­ ment does not admit of reaching clear ter­ Commission, and the Water Resources Coun­ mination points. The problems to be solved cil-to investigate, to appraise, and to make prove, I want to report the vote of the grow progressively more difficult and com­ recommendations which could be considered men and women of Wisconsin's Sixth plex. Take as an example, the progressive in working out remedial legislation in con­ District on the proposal for daylight sav­ degradation of the quality of the water of nection with the first three of these crises. ing time. the Colorado River as development of that The fourth is with us today. In answer to the question, "Would you basin has continued. Take as another exam­ The situation today, as I pointed out in favor extending daylight saving time to ple, the progressive exhaustion of the vast the final chapter of my book, The Bureau a year-round basis?"-a majority of groundwater basin that underlaid west of Reclamation, is that consideration should those responding to my annual opinion Texas. Take as a third, the decline of popula­ be given now by the Congress to setting tion, continuous since 1920 when the families up a Reclamation Assessment Commission poll this fall said yes-57 percent. of the initial homesteaders grew up, in au of which would consider western water problems The poll also indicates that DST may the counties of the high plains in the upper in the light of the history of irrigation de­ be somewhat less popular among women Missouri River basin. These intensifying velopment in the region and with an undet­ than it is among men. problems are so threatening that only the stand.ing of the new and unique problems According to the notes and letters they Federal Government can grapple with them that are now bein!; encountered. have written me, Wisconsin women feel successfully~nd, 1n the end, the Nation I do not believe that the National Water can not ignore them because they will not strongly conservation conscious but they Commission report satisfies the needs of a r e concerned that year-round DST will simply go away or quiet down. the West. The report 1s too general and In the light of the record of the Bureau of its recommendations arP. too broad. I had mean a child must board a school bus in Reclamation, in the arid region of the United the feeling on completing the reading of bitter-cold morning darkness. This is a States, another conclusion of the National the report, that the Commission never quite legitimate concern, particularly in rural Water Commission has a leaden sound. sorted out the Colorado River from the Wisconsin. Luckily, we can solve the (p. 61) Ohio and the Tennessee Rivers, nor the East problem-perhaps simply by drawing it 36430 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 8, 1973 to the attention of school officials and gional action on the basis of state emergency very important material and political urging them to start and end the school powers would in our judgment be less satis­ factory than a nationwide approach, given factors in the substance of the pending day an hour or so later. such problems as transportatior. schedules. trade bill, and in the timing of its con­ Despite this reasonable objection to sideration. How the Soviet Union acts year-round daylight saving time, women with regard to both guarantees of em­ voted in close agreement with men. igration and in the Middle East, with Slightly more than 50 percent of the DO DETENTE, ALLIANCE, AND OIL specific regard to their influence with the women respondents said they favor DST, MIX? oil-export policies of Arab nations, will and 58 percent of the men said they do. determine, to a very large extent, the The above returns came from approxi­ success of efforts within both the Con­ mately 27,000 people who returned a HON. HUGH L. CAREY gress and the administration, to liberal­ postcard questionnaire in August and OF NEW YORK ize commercial and financial exchanges September. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES between our two nations. The question on my poll that drew the Mr. Speaker, I have long fostered the greatest disagreement between men and Thursday, November 8, 1973 easing of United States-Soviet ideologi­ women was one concerning amnesty. A Mr. CAREY of New York. Mr. Speaker, cal and military tensions. However, I do majority of women voted yes-50.5 per­ I presume the House will, sometime in not think that detente should be achieved cent-while a majority of men voted the future, be considering trade legisla­ at the expense of alliance. I do not think no-58 percent. tion reported by the Ways and Means it in the best security and commercial Total responses showed 36.5 percent Committee just a month ago. interests of the United States, to give up favor conditional amnesty, 9.5 percent The committee worked long and hard NATO solidarity, and working trade ar­ want unconditional amnesty, and 54 per­ on this bill, and in many respects, it is rangements we have with Europe and cent prefer no amnesty. a vast improvement ()Ver that proposed Japan, in order to follow the still poorly Other results included: Newsmen's by the administration. Discretionary defined, and still ephemeral blessings of right to refrain from revealing their powers are somewhat more carefully de­ detente. sources, 52 percent in favor, 48 percent lineated and restrained. Increased at­ Assuredly, we are seeing unfold in the against; and abortion, 36 percent allow­ tention is paid to adjustment assistance, Middle East the truth of what I have ing the Supreme Court decision to stand, and to international fair trade practices. been saying in the Congress for well over 11.5 percent for amending the Constitu­ Most favored nation status, and most a decade: world power politics have be­ tion to restore to the States the power likely, credit and financial concessions to come too dangerous to be left to military to regulate abortion, 52 percent for the Soviet Union, will be contingent on resolution, or big-power direct interven­ amending the Constitution to prohibit freedom of emigration from that na­ tion. The scenario being presented in the abortion in all but extreme circum­ tion. Middle East is more than renewed local stances, and 0.5 percent for no abortion However, serious weaknesses in the belligerency and aggression, it is the per­ in any circumstance. bill prevented me fl-om casting my vote fect demonstration that the days of geo­ As in the past, this poll was mailed to in the Ways and Means Committee to politics are being supplanted by the days each residence in the Sixth District, and report this legislation to the Rules Com­ of geoeconomics. each reply was tabulated by hand. The mittee and the floor of the House. Those Mr. Speaker, it is exactly for this rea­ response was high from all 12 counties­ reHsons include insufficient insistence on son that I find disturbing the present especially from Winnebago, Sheboygan, fair trade practices, lack of increased failure of the United States and our trad­ Manitowoc, and Fond du Lac. And re­ equity in international fair labor stand­ ing partners, and other oil-importing turns still arrive in each day's mail. ards, granting of credit and financial friends, to come together in the alliance Of the four questions asked, the one concessions to the Soviet Union without I discussed above. Clearly, detente and on daylight saving time was answered guarantees of freedom of emigration alliance do mix. We have proven that, in most and received most agreement. Be­ and other basic human rights, plus in­ of aU places, the Middle East. But while cause of the timeliness of this issue, Mr. sufficient attention being paid to the I savor the irony of the situation, I do Speaker, I would like to include as part legitimate and increasingly serious con­ not see, sans close consultation and co­ of my remarks an October 30 editorial, cerns of the American workingman­ operation of oil importers, how we can "Daylight Saving, Energy Saving," from concerns dealing with his very livelihood, continue to think that detente, alliance, the Manitowoc, Wis., Herald-Times: and the economic security of himself and oil do mix-or at least, how they DAYLIGHT SAVING, ENERGY SAVING and his family. can mix without a very strong dollop of Willy nilly, daylight saving time has run Those briefly are several reasons why I alliance on the part of the oil importers, its summer course again. In accordance with find it difficult, at the present moment, to including, of course, the United States: federal law, clocks were turned back Sunday give my support to the pending, and In brief, Mr. Speaker, unless we and everywhere except in a few places where reg­ often-delayed, trade bill. our oil-importing friends get together ular time is maintained the year 'round. But Mr. Speaker, there is another very and devise and implement a long-term There is a new element in the picture as important item which is most con­ oil and energy program and policy, we the changeover is made this year, however. spicuous by its absence from the trade It comes in the midst of a burgeoning effort will be very shortly on the very short to re-establish daylight saving time as a bill. And that is a serious effort to en­ end of the dip stick. There is solidarity means of conserving energy. courage and provide the discussion and in those oil-producing nations closest to Serious talk along these lines is ·reported negotiation impetus and mechanisms for the areas of conflict. All we have in the from both the East and West coasts. New our oil-importing, trading partners, to oil-importing nations right now, is an England governors are considering the use come together with us in common policy agreement to disagree on just about of emergency powers to reject the federal and resolve-to come together, under the statute and reinstate daylight saving time everything from defense, through trade· on a regional basis. In California, the Los aegis of either the GATT, or NATO, or and floating currency exchange rates. Angeles Board of Water and Power Commis­ other multilateral security and com­ And while we can enjoy the wag's re­ sioners has asked Mayor Tom Bradley to mercial organization-to come together marks at Nairobi, that, the world mone­ initiate a campaign for a nationwide per­ in both common commercial and security tary situation is hopeless, but not seri­ manent restoration of daylight saving time alliance. ous, that most certainly is not the case to reduce fuel consumption. They say that in Our foreign policy has as its corner­ with regards to heating our homes and their city alone such a move would cut fuel stone the continued advancement of schools, moving the wheels of industry oil use by 300,000 barrels a year. There are counter-arguments. Early risers detente between the United States, and and transportation, and insuring for our say permanent DST would only shift the the Soviet Union and China. The Soviet security needs for petroleum and petro­ power need to the morning hours. That is Union at present is more in the fore, since leum products. true to some extent. The question is: Which our relations are of longer standing with Mr. Speaker, there has been another alternative would bring the greatest energy them, and our cultural, diplomatic and delay in consideration of the pending savings? commercial intercourse is naturally more trade bill. I think the Congress and the The matter is important enough to justify matured. The Soviet Union, and its do­ administration should move right now thoughtful consideration in Congress. Re- mestic and foreign policies, have become to talk seriously with our counterparts November 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36431 to devise ways and means out of this In this era of so-called detente (a condition applicable today as it was in 1918 when ·corner into which we seem to be paint­ tl:at obviously did not keep the Russians the article firSt appeared: from pushing for major strategic gains in ing ourselves. This delay should be an the Middle East) collective security must COMMENTS BY H. L. MENCKEN opportunity not an inhibition to imme­ mean more than a wall against Soviet tanks, If George Washington were alive today, diate high-level consultations--consul­ troops or nuclear bombs. It must also mean what a shining mark he would be for the tations with a goal of coalescing the dis­ common economic policies to protect the whole camon·a of uplifters, forward-lookers parate national drifts into an oil and jobs, living standards and prosperity of the and professional patriot s! He was the Rocke­ energy policy that presents a united front West, as well as its military security. feller of his t ime, the richest man in the of consumer nations. We have more to Permitting the Arabs and the Soviets to United States, a promoter of stock com­ bargain with than just potentially emp­ use what are called "salami tactics" in slicing panies, a land-grabber, an exploiter of mines one ally from another would be the worst and timber. He was a bitter opponent of ty gas tanks-let us get about marshall­ blunder the West could commit. Although foreign entanglements, and denounced their ing our national-corporate assets. Time the circumstances are very different from evils in harsh, specific terms. He had a liking and the ability to maneuver is running the threat to the West in the nineteen­ for forthright and pugnacious men, and a out. thirties, the folly of seeking to appease greed contempt for lawyers, schoolmasters and all Mr. Speaker, Leonard Silk wrote an by sacrificing individual countries to aggres­ other such obscurantists. He was not pious. article that appeared in Tuesday's New sors would be as great today as it was in the He drank whiskey whenever he felt chilly, days of Hitler, the Sudetenland, Austria, the and kept a jug of it handy. He knew far more York Times. The title of the article is profanity than Scripture, and used and en­ Mr. Danzig corridor and Czechoslovakia. "The Oil Weapon." Silk emphasizes, There are many dimensions to the disarray joyed it more. He had no belief in the infal­ though in a somewhat different context, among the Western powers--including inter­ lible wisdom of the common people, but re­ the points I have just outlined above. I national trade, investment and monetary garded them as in:flammatory dolts, and tried commend his thoughtful and persuasive payments, not to mention military coopera­ to save the Republic from them. He advocat­ remarks to my colleagues and include tion itself-but oil has emerged as the most ed no sure cure for all the sorrows of the sensitive immediate issue. It is an issue that world, and doubted that such a panacea ex­ them in the REcoRD at this point. isted. He took no interest in the private {From the New York Times, Nov. 6, 1973] will only intensify with time. The Middle East and North Africa, with proved oil re­ morals of his neighbors. THE On. WEAPON serves of 440-billion barrels out of a world Inhabiting These States today, George (By Leonard Silk) total of about 530-billion barrels, contain the would be ineligible for any office of honor or The war in the Middle East and the Arab overwehlming share of the resources upon profit. The Senate would never dare confirm decision to impose an embargo on oil ship­ which the importing nations must rely. Even him; the President would not think of nomi­ ments to the United States, the Netherlands the United States, which now gets only about nating him. He would be on trial in the or any other country that provides support 10 per cent of its crude oil, directly or indi­ newspapers for belonging to the Money to Israel have given the NATO alliance its rectly, from the Middle East and North Power. The Sherman Act would have him in most severe internal shock since France with­ Africa, will depend on that area for about 35 its toils; he would be under indictment by drew from military integration in 1966. per cent of its oil by 1980. every grand jury south of the Potomac; the Accusations are rife on both sides of the The Western powers and Japan can simply Methodists of his native State would be de­ Atlantic. The Europeans blame the United not afford to be divided and passive before nouncing him (he had a still at Mount Ver­ States for trying to bully them into backing the Arab oil threat. They must begin to work non) as a debaucher of youth, a recruiting the American position on Israel, for not con­ together to develop a common strategy on officer for insane asylums, a poisoner of the sulting with them, before putting American oil imports, energy conservation and develop­ home. And what a chance there would be for bombers and other forces on world-wide alert ment, and on the sharing of oil supplies. that ambitious ymmg district attorney who and expecting them to a risk of cutoff of thought to shadow him on his peregrina­ This implies that the United States would tions-and grab him under the Mann Act! their oil from the Middle-East and North have to be prepared to share fuel with its Africa, on which Europe depends for more allies. There would also have to be a common than 80 per cent of its supply. Western policy toward exporting and other The United Stat es in turn blames the economic relations with the Arab states, members of NATO for acting like a collection rshould they press their embargo or ex­ GEN. WILLIAM C. VVESTMORELAND of small countries, trying to hide in the tortionate demands. PROMOTES TEAM HANDBALL AS woodwork, for not looking beyond this mo­ The nations of Europe, Japan and the NEW SPORT FOR U.S. OLYMPIC ment's or this winter's problems, for put­ United States must face up to the choice COMPETITION ting oil above principle and for refusing to that now confronts them: whether each na­ work with the United States to draw up a tion should seek special deals with the Arabs common policy toward the war-and the or whether they will work together for their HON. LAMAR BAKER strategic threat of the Soviet bloc. collective security and well-being. The first OF TENNESSEE Within Europe itself the strains are in­ course, however tempting it may seem to tense as a result of the Arab cut-off of 15 some countries in the short run, cannot work IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES per cent of Western Europe's oil supply. The for long, any more than did appeasement at Thursday, November 8, 1973 nine members of the European Common Mar­ Munich. ket are meeting in Brussels now to discuss Mr. BAKER. Mr. Speaker, Gen. Wil­ the sharing of oil. But the French and liam C. Westmoreland, former Chief of British, who regard themselves in a specially IF GEORGE WASHINGTON WERE Staff of the Army, has made many con­ favored position vis-a-vis the Arabs, are re­ PRESIDENT TODAY tlibutions to the security of this Nation, luctant to pool their oil with the Dutch, but while he was America's No.1 soldier, who are facing the loss of 70 per cent of their oil due to the Arab embargo, and the he was on the lookout for ways in which West Germans, who get much of their fuel HON. ROBERT J. HUBER the Army could help in the development via the Dutch port of Rotterdam. OF MICHIGAN of young people and promote strong ties However much truth--of guilt--there may IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES between the military and civilian seg­ be on both sides, the fact is that the present Thursday, November 8, 1973 ments of our society. crisis has exposed serious weaknesses in the He discovered team handball which Atlantic alliance, weaknesses that could be Mr. HUBER. Mr. Speaker, at a time has been played in Europe for years, but disastrous if they are permitted to continue. when this country is engaged in much did not have much of a following in this For oil, so critical to the highly industralized debate over the question of integrity and economies of the West, has become a weapon country. He became convinced that it that the Arab states, acting in concert, in­ morality in Government, I thought it would be an excellent soldier sport and tend to continue to employ primarily for eco­ would be most appropriate to bring to one which the soldiers could teach to nomic purposes-though they would obvi­ the attention of my colleagues some in­ young people outside the military as a ously like to see Israel reduced or destroyed teresting comments made by the noted civic action project. Through his efforts in the bargain. raconteur, H. L. Mencken. In one of his it became an on-going program identi­ The SOviet Union, for its part, means to ex­ books, published in 1918, Mr. Mencken fied as Army CHAMPS. ploit oil for political purposes--as a weapon made some excellent points as to what General Westmoreland was recently that could break up the North Atlantic would happen if one so illustrious as our alliance. It could also Isolate the United in Chattanooga to participate in a cere­ States not only from Europe but from Japan, first President were to be active on the mony honoring the national youth team which 1s totally dependent on imported oil. political scene in America today. I am, handball squad. I had the pleasure of The conceptual basis of the Western alli­ therefore, inserting H. L. Mencken's ar­ witnessing that ceremony and was im­ ance now needs to be clarifted-and broad­ ticle about a current George Washing­ pressed with General Westmoreland's ened. The essential question is: what does ton for the benefit of my colleagues. remarks in which he establishes why he collective security mean? Much of what he said then is as easily is the chief advocate of this activity. I 36432 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS .November 8, 19·73 feel that others will be interested in of the U.S. Army Reserves, I want to extend do not behave as energy gluttons while my compliments to the command not only what he has to say and I am plea.sed to the, r~t of the country is cutting back. submit his statement at this point. In for twice winning the team handball tourna­ In ,his regard, I have proposed that the ment but for your other successes. I am doing so, I commend to the Congress and aware of your participation in Operation House Administration Committee con­ to the Secretary of the Army the further SPARKLE. The Mayor asked for your help duct a thorough inquiry to determine development of youth team handball for in cleaning up the area and you provided it ways to reduct, our demands on scar.::e the broad reasons of value it contains. in full measure. You not only collected the energy supplies. General Westmoreland's remarks fol­ trash, but you hauled it away. I insert at this point an article from low: Let me conclude by raising and answering the November 6, 1973, Washington Post ADDRESS BY GEN. WILLIAM C. WESTMORELAND two relevant questions. What is the future and my letter to the chairman of the Mr. Congressman, Dr. Buehning, General of team handball? I am certain that it will Committee on House Administration: remain an Olympic sport. Hopefully the im­ Woody, Colonel Trammell, Colonel Sisson, CONGRESS USE OF ENERGY RISES officers and men of the 3397th U.S. Army petus and visibility given to the sport by the Army has portrayed the game nationally While Congress ponders ways to defuse Garrison, it is a pleasure to be in the Volun­ the energy crisis, its own consumption of t9er State, to be in Chattanooga-to be anC: will serve to perpetuate the gam·e in America. I am sorry to learn that interest power is soaring at a rate of more than among soldiers-to be with good citizens­ three :U.illion kilowatt hours a year. to be with those interested in team hand­ had waned in many places but am happy to see that it has not done so here in Chatta­ B_enJamin F. Markert, the Capitol's coordi­ ball-and to be with winners, the champs natmg engineer, says energy-saving meas­ of the Army's CHAMPS Program. nc;>Oga where enthusiasm for the game runs ures hav~ been ~posed but these are largely It was about four years ago that I dis­ high. What is the future of our Reserve Forces? cosm~tic. turnmg off corridor lights and covered team handball. I was Chief of Staff operun.; more window blinds for lighting. of the Army searching for ways and means Here, I can be mo::e categorical. The future for the Army to contribute further to the of ot.: Army Reserves has never been brighter M~rkert says any significant power re­ development of youth and to add something because our Reserves have never been more ductiOns would ha.ve to be mad~ at the ex­ outside of the military's sphere to the ci­ import~nt in _the national scheme of things. pe.nse of co~gressionaJ efficiency, because vilian community. My staff told me about There IS nothmg r:::tore important to America most of the mcreased demand is attributed a new sport-they told me about Dr. Buehn­ than its security. If we are to have that se­ to a . growing reliance on data-processina m.ach1nes. b ing-they told me that team handball was to curity, we must pay the price-we must have be for the first time an Olympic sport in the military forces needed to secure our 1972. I saw films, I talked to Dr. Buehning, shores, our national interest, and to support HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I conferred with Bud Wilkinson of the our foreign policy. Unhappily, war has not ,.., Washington, D.C., November 7, i973. ~he Hon. WAYNE HAYs, Presidents Staff, and I became acquainted disappeared from our planet. It rages in the Mid East today. No one knows how long it Chairman, Committee on Hottse Administra­ with team handball. tion, Washington, D.C. I asked my staff to develop a plan to intro­ will last. No one knows if it will spread. We can hope for the '!:>es .. , but we must be pre­ DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: The President will duce team handball country-wide with the apparently address the nation tcnicrht on the assumed support of the Organized Reserves, pared for the worst. Today our Reserves are our national min­ country's serious energy crisis. M~y people the National Guard, and the Regular Army. expect him to propose a tough program of My thought was that team handball would utemen. Both civilian and soldier, they are a special breed. In addition to making a liv­ austerity in terms of fuel consumption. be an excellent soldier sport and an excellent I hope that we in the House demonstrate sport to teach to young men as civic action ing, they are dedicated to serving their coun­ try and contribute a great deal of time in our own recognition of the energy crisis by projects for the military. The cost was man­ cutting back our demands on fuel and elec­ ageable. The President's Commission on doing so throughout the year. As units they must be prepared to beef up, to round out, tricity. In this connection, may I sucrgest Youth Fitness enthusiastically endorsed my that the House Administration ·colll.lliittee proposal. We named our program "Army and to make adequate our Regular Army. . We now have. the smallest Regular Army conduct a prompt and thorough inquiry into CHAMPS." energy consumption by Congress. It may be It was my view that team handball would smce 1950 and 1t would seem it is destined to shrink even further because the needed possible for us to formulate plans to reduce add a new sport to America that: energy consumption by 5 to 10 percent or Was a good physical conditioner. volunteers of proper quality would not be forthcoming if the inducement of the draft convert to alternative sources which are 'not Was fun for boys and men and spectators. so scarce. Provided lessons in teamwork. was still present. I believe it was a mistake to stop the draft. Someday it will have to As you know, the President, in a directive Was a manly, contact sport. last June, stated that the Federal Govern­ Required little equipment. be resumed. Yes, the Reserves have never been more ment's goal is to reduce the expected demand Could be played either indoors or outdoors. for energy by 7 percent during the ensuing Would provide a game for youngsters too important. They are essential. They must be of higher quality. They must be ready. I 12 months. I understand that the Con""ress light for football and to short for basketball. is not a formal part of this conservation "'pro­ And, finally, would provide a broad base ~m _impressed with the can do attitude, the mitlat1ve, the esprit of the 3397th U.S. Army gram. Inasmuch as the domain of Congress from which to select a credible Olympic team. includes the Government Printing Office the When I initiated the program by introduc­ Garrison of the 121st Army Reserve Com­ mand. Your accomplishments reflect favor­ General Accounting Office, and Library of ing it to the Army senior commanders, it was ably on the officers and men of the unit. Oo~gress, in addition to the Capitol and well received. :1emonstrations of team hand­ It has been your exceptional leadership pro­ •ar1ous office buildings, we must develop an ball were staged across the country. Coach­ vided by the chain of command-General energy conservation strategy to keep pace ing and officiating schools were established. Woody, Colonel Trammell, and Colonel Sis­ with the objectives of the executive branch. Tournaments were planned and carried out sian-that has brought your organization Although reduced consumption by the on a regional basis. As a result of the Army's to the fore. Congress may be an insignificant part of the effort, five Army men were on the U.S. Olym­ total energy picture, I believe our efforts pic Team. Lieutenant Abraham scored 24 at self-evaluation and austerity can be sym­ points in Olympic rompetition. Lieutenant bolically important to the national effort. Rogers scored fifteen times and Specialist You are in a position, Mr. Chairman, to play Fourth Class Matthews made ten goals. Our CONGRESS MUST REDUCE ITS a vital leadership role in the task ahead. team finished fourteenth in the world Olym­ DEMANDS ON ENERGY With kind personal regards, I am pic competition which is not good but not Very truly yours, · bad either when one considers the newness HAROLD V. FROEHLICH, of the game in the United States and the HON. HAROLD V. FROEHLICH Member of Congress. many years it has been played in Europe. OF WISCONSIN The civic action part of the program has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gone fairly well over the past two years. During the past year, Tht:d Army held its Thursday, November 8, 1973 THOSE HORROR TALES FROM soldier tournament in early May with eight Mr. FROEHLICH. Mr. Speaker, on CHll..E teams participating. Third Army had five November 6, the Washington Post teams in the Youth Program: Fort Jackson, printed a brief article indicating that Fort Gordon, Fort Bennin6. a team from M')blle, Alabama, a:ud the two-time winner energy consumption by Congress "is HON. RICHARD H. ICHORD Chattanooga. The Chattanooga team was soaring at a rate of more than 3 million OF MISSOURI sponsored by the 3397th U.S. Army Garrison. kllow~.tt hours a year." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES At this time, I would like to congratulate In view of the President's program of the team, the coach, and the command for austerity for energy, I believe it is in­ Thursday, November 8, 1973 their accomplishment. cumbent for us to look very closely at our Mr. ICHORD. Mr. Speaker, ever since Speaking of the 3397th U.S. Army Garrison own use of fuel and electricity, so that we the overthrow of President Salvador November 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36433 Allende of Chile early this fall. two that the Newsweek correspondent suffered All falled to give us the results we want-ed -themes have run consistently through what is called "perception shock.' When ex­ and so we tried Marxism. posed to a couple of bodies, he explained, the It was the great experiment. But the va1ious newsstories-first. that the mili­ shock alters perception capabilities. "When guinea pigs rebelled. tary junta has carried out a wide-rang­ there are 10 bodies together many persons But intellectuals throughout the world ing bloodbath against Allende sup­ can't even recognize their wives or fathers. doted on the Allende regime. Soon it was porters which amounts to a veritable That must have happened to that cor­ evident that under the cover of clever public massacre, and second, that Allende was respondent," he said, "presuming he ever got relations, a machine aimed at taking over the beloved leader of the Chilean people in the morgue." total power was being built. In the first who was advancing the country along a 2. Also without exception, the staff doubted months of his term, Allende admitted to progressive, democratic road. that he was ever inside the morgue because Debray that his respect for the constitution his descriptions didn't fit. For example, News­ and democratic institutions was only a Because Chile is far away and there week describes a corridor with 50 bodies in tactic to gain power. are not too many who are well informed it, but there isn't any corridor large enough The country unanimously agreed on na­ about that land, we tend to rely on the to hold that many bodies. The only corridor tionalizing copper and monopolistic cor­ news accounts provided us even though in which there are bodies to be seen under porations. But soon para-military brigades some of the reportage has tended to be normal conditions is outside the autopsy began roaming the countryside and seizing sensational and partisan. rooms, and it can handle only a few in line. farms by force and expelling farmers at gun One report that did much to convince Ivf.r. Barnes also claims to have seen bodies point. Industries, even very small ones, were t·eaders that Chile was living through a upstairs, but the staff says none have ever seized; workers who opposed were sup­ been taken up there. Upstairs there are only pressed or beaten; an opposition leader was horrifying reign of terror at the hands offices and laboratories. The autnpsy rooms assassinated; technicians were fired for PO­ of its military was the Newsweek account are on the ground floor and the refrigeration litical reasons. Because of the imported doc­ by correspondent John Barnes entitled storage rooms in the basement. trine of class warfare, the official gospel was ''Slaughter in Santiago" on October 8, 3. A picture of a man with a missing leg hate. Dr. Allende started it when he de­ 1973. published by Newsweek with the caption "A clared at the beginning of his term that h e Ba1-nes' story was accepted as "gospel" dead amputee in Santiago: The reign of was not the president of all Chileans. and was widely reprinted throughout the terror was worse thJ.n anyone imagined,'' is Our technicians left the country and we actually of a ma·.1 who died some time earlier began to import slogans from China, educa ­ world. He alleged that thousands of in a traffic accident. He was run down by a tional programs from East Germany, high ­ Chileans were being executed-at the Chevrolet pick-up t ruck. government officials from Cuba and terror­ rate of 200 per day in the capital city of 4. By far the worst misrepresentation in ists from all over Latin America. Our presi­ Santiago alone-and that the morgues the Newsweek arLcle was the report that dur­ dent imported guns labeled art objects. He were full to overflowing with grotesquely ing the two week period after <;he coup 2,796 had a guerrilla training camp in his house brutalized corpses of victims. bodies had come to the morgue. Newsweek and there were finally enough arms in the says" ... though information 'is almost non­ country to supply 20,000 irregulars. Now we learn from the Wall Street existent for the rest of Chile, the presumption Journal that Barnes' account was sim­ Allende lost all legitimacy. It was worse is that the executions have followed a similar than Watergate. We were sinking and the ply a scandalous piece of "yellow jour­ pattern in other cities." man at the helm was unable to govern. Even nalism'' based on a minimum of fact and Every dead body that arrives receives a Marxists agreed that we were sinking, tbe a maximum of imagination. number that goes up on a list posted outside only debate was over whose fault it was. A distinguished Chilean journalist and with the name. Number one begins on Janu­ I would have preferred a democratic solu­ frequent critic of the military junta, Mr. ary first. The J.~ · ewsweek figure is for all the tion, a plebescite or a new election for con­ Pablo Huneeus gives the lie to Barnes' bodies received at the morgue from the gress and the presidency as the opposition story and in an accompanying editorial beginning of the year to Sept. 21. It's this leaders proposed. But Allende refused to figure that is being quoted all around the compromiee and he refused to follow thP. page article, Everett G. Martin, the world as the casualty rate in Santiago alone Journal's Latin American specialist, majority's will. He was det ermined to per­ for the first 14 days of the coup. suade us with guns. points to examples of gross distortion in (Kenneth Auchincloss, executive editor of That's why this deadly war machine was the analysis of Allende's overthrow by Newsweek, says he has "complete confi­ unleashed. It's sad so many died, but it's noted academicians who, like some news­ dence" in Mr. Barnes, "he's covered wars be­ good so many survived. men, seem to go out of their way to avoid fore." Mr. Auchincloss says Mr. Barnes was accuracy and honesty in their commen­ given the 2,796 dead figure by a daughter of a AND A FEW LOUD ECHOES FROM m-.!mber of the morgue staff, adding, "I think ACADEMIA tary. it is conceivable that there was a misunder­ For the benefit of my colleagues who standing. But that is pure speculation on my (By Everett G. Martin) may have missed seeing these articles, I part. I haven't checked it out with Mr. So many misleading rep-orts and analyses of insert both articles at this point in the Barnes. There is no reason to doubt his re­ the events surrounding the military coup in RECORD, together with an excerpt from porting.") Chile have appeared in reputable publica ­ Newsweek's reportage by Barnes: This is enough to demonstrate the false­ tions, in special programs on public television and on radio that it's probably impossible [From the Wall Street Journal, Nov. 2, 1973] hoods in the Newsweek story. To me it's a case of journalistic imperialism. A rich now to set the record straight on even a few THOSE HORROR TALES FROM CHILE ... American magazine sends from London a points. (By Pablo Huneeus) British correspondent a week after the coup. It's not just opinions that differ. Interpre­ SANTIAGO, Chile.- The military coup turned He makes no effort to understand what is tations, mostly by members of the academic Allende's comedy into Chile's tragedy. But really going on here. He only wants to use us community and by journalists who look more the Newsweek article "Slaughterhouse in for a story that will sell. He knows the market to what excites their editors than at wha.t Santiago," Oct. 8, turned our tragedy into a wants a horror story. He flavors his story Chile is about, have distorted the events out horror tale. It caused such a misunder­ with an underlying contempt for Chile and of all sense of reality. standing as to the true nature of what hap­ its people, tops it with a total lack of re­ Thus Chile, which is one of the most com­ pened down here that I decided to retrace spect for the truth and cooks it with imag­ plex nations in the world, has been turned the steps of Newsweek's correspondent John inative fiction writing. It brings glory to into a simple black and white situation of Barnes to double check the information that him and disgrace to us. good ~uys (the Marxist followers of the late he said came from the Santiago morgue. Not that I am happy with the junta. Every President Salvador Allende) and the bad guys Known here as the Medical Legal Institute Chilean feels that no matter how low the (anyone who opposed them) . The remorseless it is a small, neat grey building near the death toll, what happened is a tragedy. We villain of this simplistic plot is Washington, General Cemetery. It looks like a hospital, ex­ are accustomed to see our presidents end which by merely turning off the spigot of cept that all the people lying on the stretch­ their constitutional term and walk quietly low-interest loans was able to destroy all the ers are dead. An autopsy is the only operation home. But the military intervention is the achievement of the good guys and send the performed by its doctors. logical outcome of a Marxist regime. I am no Chilean peo-ple (usually called the masses) Over two days I interviewed a random sam­ wizard, but in a book I wrote a year ago I back into slavery, ple of seven doctors, five clerks, three typists said that Chile was heading towards a mili­ Newswe-ek's convincing-sounding account and four porters. To each I showed or trans­ tary regime. There was such hatred among of the military slaughtering victims at the lated the Newsweek article and questioned Chileans that the only way of holding us to­ rate of 200-a-day in the capital city of San­ them about their reactions. Here's a summary gether was through force. tiago alone seems to have been based on of what they said: This hatred springs from a long history events which didn't happen and figures that 1. Without a single exception all uttered of frustration with politicians. By 1970 we were misinterpreted. Even though other pub­ comments like "lies," "what an exaggeration," had already tried most political formulas: a lications have carried more moderate stories, "brilliant imagination," or "absolutely false." populist government with Ibanez, a conserv­ and a recheck of the Newsweek reporting by Dr. Vargas, an elderly experienced patholo­ ative right wing one with Alessandri and a The New York Times found many exaggera­ gist, dismissed the whole story on the grounds liberal Christian Democrat one with Frei. tions, the Newsweek report is still being taken 36434 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 8, 1973 as the final word on the coup in many places tlon of the middle and upper classes, a com­ the ground floor. • • • Upstairs I passed around the world. bined group which composed no more than through a swing door and there in a dimly Yet as bad as Newsweek's misrepresen­ 30 percent of the population.," to use Pro­ lit corridor lay at least 50 more bodies...• tation of the facts was, it was at least in the fessor Burns' words. Most had been shot at close range under general direction of the target because there Who, then, were the 56 percent--or more the chin. Some had been machine-gunned. have been killings and executions that cer­ likely the 60 percent--who voted against ... Their chests had been slit open and sewn t;aillly seem excessive. (The military junta the Marxists? If they were all the wealthy together grotesquely.... They were all young l.u;t week finally ordered an end to summary and their well-to-do middle-class allies then and, judging from the roughness of their ezecutions, but executions after sentencing perhaps Chile never had a serious problem hands, all from the working class. . . . Most by military tribunals will continue.) of poor income distribution after all. of their heads had been crushed. I remained Much more insidious and subtle are arti­ It's clear that the scholars don't consider for perhaps two minutes at most, then left cles such as the one appearing in the Oct. 29 this majority as Chileans with any rights, the building..•. Workers at the morgue issue of The Nation magazine written by E. which is a curious comment on their concept have been warned that they will be court Bradford Burns, professor of Latin American of democracy. martialed and shot if they· reveal what is history at the University of California at Los The Nation article implies that the mili­ going on there.... But the morgue count Angeles. Cloaked in scholarly authority, one tary played the role of devious plotters alone sets the regime's kill rate at an ap­ would think that a Professor Burns would be against the Allende government, continually palling 200 Chileans a day-just for the someone who could be believed; but consider being supplied by u.s. aid and imbued with capital."-Correspondent John Barnes in what he has to say. U.S. m111tary training. That's what some Newsweek, Oct. 8. He was an eyewitness, he claims, on Sep­ would like to believe in retrospect, but the Correspondent Barnes' vivid account of tember 4, exactly one week before the coup, facts are that the armed forces were loyal the Chilean coup has turned into one of to the gathering of 800,000 Chileans in front to the government until the last week and the most effective bits of journalism in years. of the government palace to celebrate the were the last to turn against him. Three times s.enator Kennedy placed it in the Congres­ third anniversary of Dr. Allende's election. It they joined his cabinet to help him against swnal Record. It is being used in advertise­ was the largest political rally in Chile's his­ the opposition during national crises. ments by organizations opposed to the pres­ tory, he writes, equal to nearly a tenth of It was Dr. Allende's opponents who re­ ent Chilean regime. Its staggering casualty the national population. Britain's venerable sented the U.S. aid to the Chilean military, figures have been accepted as gospel in many Guardian makes the same point, but sets the whose commanding general had for the first European countries. It may have been in­ crowd total even higher: at 1,250,000. time in recent history committed the armed strumental in causing the U.S. to delay aid I was there too. The rally was held in the forces to support a government's political to Chile "until Human Rights are restored." smaller of the two plazas on either side of program. But was it true? the government palace, the side that savvy Few articles on the Chilean coup even Dissenting is Pablo Huneeus, a Chilean Chilean leaders always use when they ex­ mention the large arms buildup by private journalist and professor of sociology at the pect a bad turnout because the crowded Allende forces, the training of a guerrilla University of Chile, who previously has as­ quarters makes it seem like more people. army by foreign "revolutionaries" number­ sisted American correspondents, including This time they didn't even fill that plaza. ing in the thousands, or the infiltration by those of The Wall Street Journal and News­ With two other journalists, we estimated the left of the military ranks. Any kind of week, in preparation of reports on Chile. 20,000 people; and we noted that a large investigation of this claim leaves little doubt contingent marched around and around one that these clandestine forces existed and were block to make it look larger. Police later put soon ":;o be used against the military. It also the figure at 18,000 persons. happens to be exactly the same strategy that THE HINCKENS SUPPORT This argument over crowd size may sound the Communist Party of Indonesia attempted PRESIDENT NIXON picayune. But The Nation and The Guard­ in 1965. ian articles use their figures as evidence that Writers such as Professor Burns give the Dr. Allende's popularity had reached new Marxist economic disaster only passing refer­ heights before the coup. Professor Burns sug­ ence, saying that Chile has always had eco­ HON. JOHN E. HUNT gests that it was the sight of this rising pop­ nomic problems and anyhow all the difficul­ OF NEW JERSEY ularity that c::~.used the military, urged on ties were cau:::ed by the U.S. credit blockade. by the representatives of the rich, to stage It's true there was a credit blockade by the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the coup without further delay. Professor multinational lending institutions and by the Thursday, November 8, 1973 Burns not only infiated the crowd count 40 Export-Import Bank, but to lay all the blame times to make his point, but he conveniently on this for Chile's greatest economic disaster Mr. HUNT. Mr. Speaker, yesterday I ignored a rally the next night that really in history is ludicrous-American egocen­ received the following telegram from was several hundred thousand strong of trism at its worst. Despite the credit block­ Mr. and Mt·s. Albert Hincken of Haddon people demanding Dr. Allende's resignation. ade, Dr. Allende's regime received more inter­ Heights, N.J., l<>cated in my congressional Professor Burns, like many other scholarly national credit than any other 0hilean district. writers, also plays games with Chilean elec­ government in history. And how could U.S. The Hinckens are, I believe, typical of tion figures to make the claim of Dr. Al­ bankers and companies with investments in lende's rising popularity. Chile be expected to operate differently, since the masses out there in our great land Earlier this year members of the aca­ the Allende government wasn't paying its wh<> are just now beginning to make their demic community excoriated the U.S. press debts to most of them? voices heard. I was not surprised to get for referring to Dr. Allende as a minority Be3ides this there was a startling degree of their communication, as I have received president based on the fact that he had won corrupution within the regime, officials feed­ others quite similar. I have singled this with only 36.2 percent of the vote in tbe 1970 ing into the black market merchandise they one out because the Hinckens asked me presidential election. They argued, and with had illegally obtained. Last June Dr. Allende's to bring it to the attention of my col­ reason, that in the April, 1971, municipal own nephew, Eduardo Grove .'\.llende, who leagues. This I am pleased to do. elections his followers won practically half was a loyal supporter of his uncle and the tbe vote. first head of the nationalized textile industry, You will n<>te that they do not direct I accepted their argument; so when Dr. told me that within the ruling circles "there's their criticism toward any of the in­ Allende's forces got a reported 44 percent of no more ideology, everything is corrupt. All vesigative committees or juries, but the vote in congressional elections last they think about is power and money." rather it is directed to the press. The March, it followed logically that his support In a nutshell, the grand experiment that attitude of the press, and I mean radio­ had declined. Now, however, the professors was supposed to be taking place had foun­ TV, and newspapers, has been one of the want to forget about the munici!)al elections dered some time ago and was replaced by a great tragedies of modern times, in that and talk only about Dr. Allende's popular naked, almost conventional, struggle for pouer. Many aspects of the famed Chilean they have consistently abused the first su!)port rising from 36 percent to 44 percent. amendment, in acting as judge and jury They also choose to ignore the fact that 56 democracy, such as rule-of-law and the art of in their intensive efforts to "get the percent of the country voted against Dr. compromise, had died long before the military Allende, and that it was a relatively united moved in with the coup de grace. President." opposition. It wasn't a simple case of presi­ And when the analysts in the Kremlin sit It is becoming increasingly difficult for dent with a commanding party facing a down to analyze what went wrong in Chile, middle America to be heard above the splintered opposition ranging from Left to as they inevitably will, it's doubtful that they continuing bombasts of our sophisticated Right as in the past. They also don't men­ will find much that's accurate or useful in communications media. One would al­ tion the mounting evidence that there was the colored accounts the U.S. academic com­ most think that the press had become considerable fraud during the congressional munity is currently putting out on the subject. a fourth, and equal branch of the Gov· election to achieve the 44 percent total. ernment. Professor Burns and others hammer and pound Chilean reality like soft copper to SLAUGHTER XN SANTIAGO The following is the text of Mr. and make it fit their pre-conceived notions. For "Last week I slipped through a side door Mrs. Hincken's telegram to President them, the struggle must be between all the into the Santiago city morgue, ... One hun­ Nixon reaffirming their confidence in his workers on one hand and "the bitter opposi- dred and fifty dead bodies were laid out on ability to govern: November 8, 1973- EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36435 TELEGRAM GOVERNMENT AND FOREIGN POLICY gravity of our economic plight and act to HADDON HEIGHTS, N.J. 8. Should Congress give $2.2 billion in aid impose wage and price controls. By then, Congressman JoHN E. HUNT, to Israel? it was too late to effectively reverse our Capitol Hill. 9. Do you favor expansion of trade and runaway inflation and producers and DEAR MR. HUNT~ This morning I sent a tele· other exchanges with China. and the Soviet gram to the President. The verbatim mes· Union? consumers alike have been paying .a ter­ sage: 10. Do you favor a mandatory retirement rible price ever since. You have our confidence and whole hearted a.ge for federal officials such as Congressmen I am gratified that the President support. We feel you are fully qualified and and judges? voiced his support of legislation estab­ able to perform your duties as President. It 11. Do we need tougher laws to protect the lishing year-round daylight saving time. appears to us that the press is a. monopoly, right of privacy in this country? As a sponsor of that bill, I am confident has too much power, slants the news, tries 12. In your opinion, do we have too much his support will provide the necessary to control politics, and when criticized tries government in this country? impetus to move that bill out of com­ to destroy. 13. Do you favor direct popular election of Sincerely. the President? mittee and to the House for fioor .action ALBERT W. and MARGARET M. HINCKEN. without undue delay. Enactment of this TWO TOUGH QUESTIONS legislation is bound to be effective both P.S. A man who was much stronger than 14. As a practical matter, my vote some­ us said he who is without sin should cast times comes down to a very tough choice. in alleviating our energy shortage and the 1st stone. This is to be read in Congress. This is oversimplified, but 1! you were in checking crime during certain critical my position would you choose: hours. His choice: Desirable new programs. No new taxes or deficits. OPINION POLL FOR COLORADO'S Her choice: Desirable new programs. No MR. J. WILLIAM LAUGHLIN FIFTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT new taxes or deficits. 15. What other problems concern you? What shoUld Congress do about them? You need not sign your name. But if you HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS HON. WILUAM L. ARMSTRONG would like a. copy of the poll results, please OF PENNSYLVANIA OF COLORADO fill out the coupon below. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Name and address. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, November B. 1973 Thursday, November B. 1973 Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, it 1s with Mr. ARMSTRONG. Mr. Speaker, the pleasure I bring to the attention of my following is the text of an opinion poll FUEL RATIONING NEEDED NOW colleagues a man who has achieved a which I am sending to my constituents position of recognition and respect in one in the Fifth Congressional District of of the most outstanding service organi­ Colorado: HON. HERMAN BADILLO zations in the world-Kiwanis Interna­ OPINION POLL OF NEW YORK tional. NOVEMBER 1973. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I had the recent privilege of witness­ DEAR FRIENDS: ing ceremonies which installed Mr. J. During the next several months, Congress Thursday, November B. 1973 William Laughlin of White Oak, Pa., will be considering legislation that will affect every family in America.. Mr. BADILLO. Mr. Speaker, the Presi­ as governor of the Pennsylvania District As your Congressman, I am always inter· dent's energy conservation message last in the Kiwanis organization. ested in hearing from you. But in troubled night was an encouraging step toward Mr. Laughlin has been a member of times like these, your opinions are particu· alleviating what has become a truly crit­ the McKeesport Kiwanis Club since 1949 la.rly meaningful. I need to know how you ical situation across the Nation. I hope and he is the third member of that group feel about major issues facing this nation. and believe that the Congress will move tc hold the highest Kiwanis office in the SO please take a moment to register your promptly to enact the legislation needed State of Pennsylvania. He follows in the opinion in the enclosed survey form. As you can see, the form is designed to permit two to carry out the goals of the program footsteps of Mr. James A. Logan- persons in each household to take part. outlined by the President. 1933-and Mr. John P. Mooney-1948. "When you have completed the survey, However, I was dismayed at the Presi­ As governor of the State Kiwanis, Mr. please return it to me. Just put an 8¢ stamp dent's emphasis on voluntarism. Our ex­ Laughlin heads an organization consist­ on the outside; it is not necessary to staple perience with voluntarism and vague ing of 22 divisions with 231 member this folder nor to put it in an envelope. guidelines proved disastrous in dealing Kiwanis clubs. As of August, the mem­ Thanks for your help. with the economy in 1970 and 1971 and bership in his district totaled nearly Sincerely, I have a very real fear that unless we 10,000. WILLIAM L. ARMSTRONG, Your Congressman. move firmly and decisively in this energy Mr. Laughlin is a prominent citizen crisis, history will repeat itself. ln the McKeesport area, serving as vice WATERGATB J: sincerely doubt, for example, that president and general manager of the 1. What do you think Congress should do about the Watergate crisis? most Americans will really appreciate the Menzie Dairy Co., a firm headed by his His opinion: -. gravity of the energy shortage unless tt father, John L. Laughlin, who is the only Her opinion: -. were brought forcefully and dramatically surviving charter member of the Mc­ INFLATION AND FEDERAL SPENDING home through establishment of a ration­ Keesport Kiwanis Club, serving as its ing program for gasoline. In addition, (NoTE.-All questions should be answered president 1n 1927. The new State Kiwanis by husband and wife with yes or no.) gasoline rationing would have the im­ governor is married to the former Rhoda 2. Are the government's wage and price mediate effect of enabling the refineries Swanson and is the father of four controls succeeding in controlling inflation? to curtail gasoline production .and in­ daughters and a son. 3. Should Congress curb federal spending stead increase production of fuel oil. This Mr. Speaker, I have known Mr. Laugh­ 1! necessary to control inflation and avoid would be a major step toward minimiz­ lin for many years and he is a man with higher taxes? ing fuel oil shortages while checking the a deep dedication toward serving others. ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY CRISIS upward spiral of fuel oil prices. His participation in many community 4. Are you satisfied with progress being To those who shy away from the endeavors virtually assures their success made in cleaning up our environment? stringency of a rationing program, I for he spares no effort in bringing any 5. Would you be Willing to pay more for would remind them of what occurred in products and services 1! their manufacture program to fruition. I take great pride and use could be almost pollution free? 1970 and 1971. In August of 1970, Presi­ in congratulating Mr. Laughlin on the 6. Do you favor increased federal spending dent Nixon signed into law a bill giving assumption of his new duties, confident for pollution control even if it means higher him the authority to establish wage, that he will perform them with unprece­ taxes? price, and rent controls-a bill authored dented zeal and .success. And. I also com­ 7. Some people think less stringent envi­ by congressional Democrats in response mend the McKeesport Kiwanis Club and ronmental controls will be necessary 1n order to what was alrea

achieved? Would a unilateral reduction of strategy then appearing in NATO war plan­ a letter which was written by Wulf Zal­ U.S. conventional forces create consequences ning documents. manson to his uncle who is in Israel. Most military men were highly critical of as dire as predicted by U.S. officials? Zalmanson is one of the prisoners of To support their pessimistic predictions, the study, recognizing it as a smokescreen to officials resort to mathematical compari­ support McNamara's position and noting that whom I speak being held for his beliefs. sons-the numbers game-between NATO the whiz kids "stacked the deck" by using He is accused of hijacking a plane, how­ and Warsaw Pact forces. They quickly and highly slanted intelligence which together ever, his real crime is his desire to be a easily come up with "proof" that a unilateral with dubious assumptions, led in only one Jew in a society where religion is frowned reduction by the United States would exacer­ direction. upon and where emigration is nearly im­ bate what is already a position of weak­ Another major series of Pentagon studies­ possible. Wulf Zalmanson just recently ness. As a consequence, they say, either some still under way but recently leaked celebrated his 34th birthday. Unfortu­ piecemeal to the press-is again insistent NATO allies would be inclined to seek ac­ nately, he will also spend eight more commodation with the Communists or the that NATO could hold the line against a war­ Soviet Union might decide that aggression saw Pact attack. These new studies, how­ birthdays there in the Permskaya Oblast against Western Europe would be well worth ever, are not likely to change many minds. Prison. the gamble. The pessimistic majority will again look on Those of my colleagues who would like Other military analysts take a contrary the studies as a smokescreen not likely to to write this courageous man to send him position and contend that mathematical bal­ obscure the inferiority of NATO's convention­ a few words of encouragement are urged ance is not the crux of the matter. Nu­ al forces. to do so. His address is: USSR, RSFSR, merical weakness in conventional forces, The first question-would the United States fight to prevent the loss of Europe?­ Moscow, Uchr, 5110/1 Zh. H., Wulf Zal­ they argue, does not necessarily mean a di­ manson. luted deterrence-especially when vital is­ is, then, the key to understanding how the sues are at stake and nuclear weapons are Soviet Union might react to a unilateral re­ If you write, I suggest that the letter involved. These analysts contend that a re­ duction of forces. be registered with a return receipt re­ duction in conventional U.S. forces in Eu­ If the leaders of the Soviet Union inter­ quested. If you would be so kind as to rope will, paradoxically, reduce the chance preted a unilateral U.S. reduction as a sign send a copy of your letter and any reply of aggression, not increase it as predicted by that the United States was abandoning NATO to my office, I will make sure that Ohev those in the numbers game. and would not fight to save Europe, then the consequences would be as dire as U.S. officials Sholom Talmud Torah Congregation, The paradox, they readily admit, appears here in the District, which has adopted to promise strength through weakness. Yet predict. I believe that there is logic to this upside­ Other observers, however, contend that So­ Wulf and his personal dilemma, receives down reasoning-when viewed in the light viet leaders are not likely to make this in­ it for their files. o~ the order-of-battle strategy. This strat­ terpretation. Maintenance of a free Europe is I am including the letter sent by Wulf egy-actually only one facet of grand strat­ of vital interest to the United States, and the Zalmanson to his uncle so that you, too, egy-is based on the premise that nothing consequences if Europe were to be lost are so can share and understand the experi­ illuminates a nation's foreign policy com­ profound, so inimical to the welfare and ex­ istence of a free society as to allow the Rus­ ences and problems faced by the Jew in mitments, obligations and intentions quite the Soviet Union. as clearly as the signals radiating from its sians no other conclusion than this: The own military force structure. United States will fight to prevent the Com­ Greetings to Abraham, Zinia, and Jonah: The quality and quantity of the armed munists from taking over Europe, whether by I received from Jonah two letters and a forces-the order of battle-reveal whether "F'inlandization," blackmail or aggression. picture of Guy on the 12th of September. a nation is likely to default the issue in To disagree with this makes moot any I was very happy with the letters, especially argument for keeping American forces in Eu­ contention or accept the challenge. The the Hebrew letter, because it is very good order of battle reveals how a nation can rope. for me. I hope that in the coming letters fight--its tactics, where a nation can fight As a consequence, the dilemma confronting you will write more news. I want to know geographically-its fiexib1Uty, and in what the Communists is this: Logic tells them everything about you, about the country, and that the United States will fight to save Eu­ strength it can fight--its staying power. And rope. The order-of-battle strategy tells them if it is not possible to know everything, it reveals whether the fight would be con­ that the United States must use nuclear then as much as possible. Thanks to Jonah ventional or nuclear, and when escalation weapons or lose Europe. The inferior position for the picture of Guy. I also request a pic­ from one to the other would likely occur. of NATO conventional forces vis-a-vis War­ ture of yourselves, for we have not seen each These are the signals which spell out to saw Pact forces insures that this escalation other in almost eighteen years. On my side, would-be aggressors the consequences of ag­ will happen. there are no great successes in my life or gression. Political leaders, great generals, na­ Therefore, I see little logic in the statement the life of my relatives. But I think that our tional security advisers, intelligence ana­ that a unilateral force reduction will have luck is not so bad. I believe that we will all lysts-call them what you wish-all make dire consequences for the United States. Is it meet in one land, and already the day is decisions about war largely on their evalu­ not more logical to predict that a reduction bright, and the tomorrow lights our way. I ation of these signals. will strengthen deterrence-because leaving and my friends interest ourselves in the prob­ Therefore, the trick of statemanship is to fewer conventional troops means that there­ lems of the country, in the relations with design the order of battle so that it sends maining forces must escalate even more the neighbors within the country, in her in­ signals to potential aggressors that the re­ quickly to nuclear weapons dustry, economics, culture, and religion. taliation to an offensive would be disastrous This is the nagging question which has Please write about the matter. to the aggressor nation. The more severe the held Soviet forces in check ever since NATO The coming request is to copy some story consequences, the more certain is it that ag­ came into existence. by an Israeli author and send it to me. You gressors will take counsel of their fears, tem­ don't have to copy the whole story, just per their diplomacy, forgo decisions which about one page, and in coming letters you might lead to casus belli. can continue the story. Applying this logic to the MBFR propo­ LETTER FROM A JEWISH PRISONER I received a letter from Abraham 18 10/19.9, sal, one comes up with the upside-down IN THE SOVIET UNION and I thank my uncle for the blessings for reasoning that says a reduction in conven­ the New Year holiday. tional forces will actually increase deter­ I now have near me seven Jewish friends rence, not weaken it. HON. WALTER E. FAUNTROY and we all want to go "up" to Israel. We Proponents of this reasoning point out OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA study Hebrew and Jewish history. Those that that the Russians have two overriding ques­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES know these things better than others help in the studies. We sometimes celebrate the tions confronting them: Thursday, November 8, 1973 Would the United States fight to prevent a holidays together. On Succoth, we had a takeover of Europe? Mr. FAUNTROY. Mr. Speaker, in the succah, not a large one, but a very small How would the United States fight-what midst of our efforts to establish and one, and on the table were our festivities. armed forces exist, are they primarily conven­ And in such a manner, we learn the language maintain peace in the troublesome Mid­ of our fathers and our history, and we dream tional or nuclear, what are the odds of these dle East, as the result of the latest Arab­ forces in battle against Russian forces? of the future. I bless you for Chanukah that First, the second question: As Soviet war Israeli war and our ever-continuing ef­ is coming, and wish you much happiness and games most certainly have shown-as have forts at detente with the Soviet Union, joy. Regards to Mark, Guy, our friends at most U.S. and NATO war games-the United there are many Jews who are being held Deganish "B" and especially Esther Egan, to States must escalate to nuclear weapons or in Soviet jails because of their attempts Shalom Kofer and to Uzzir Ben Shalom. lose a war with the Russians in Europe. to emigrate or to practice their religion. Regards and mazel-tov to Yella Listin, Occasionally, a war game surfaces which For most of us here in the United States the sister of my friend, Yosef Mendlowitz be­ cause she gave birth to a daughter. refutes such a pessimistic viewpoint. Robert the deprivation. suffered by these prison~ McNamara's system analysts-his whiz kids-­ Regards to the close one of my friend, ers of conscience are academic and intel­ David Sternglass, Mindel Langer (she lives in produced such a study in 1964-65 to support lectual concepts which stun the brain but Ashkelon if she gives the address). his view that the allies should adopt a con­ not the heart. My friend Mark Dymshitz requests nice and ventional strategy to replace the nuclear Just recently I was privileged to share varied stamps on the envelopes of the let- 36446 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 8, 1973 'ters. He sends stamps to his daughters as ..The end of the war in Vietnam means EMBARGO ON ALL FURTHER they collect them. that more, not fewer, volunteers are needed EXPORTS I apologize that my letter is so full of in VA, because young men requiring long­ requests. term rehabilitation are being cared for at a Regards from our friends, record level in the VA hospitals. Shalom and will see you again, "Volunteers of all ages from high school HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG Yours, through senior citizens are welcomed in the OF FLORIDA ZEsT. VA Voluntary Service. Although many enter IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES through their veterans, welfare, civic, and fraternal organizations, those who would like Thursday, November 8, 1973 A THANKLESS PLEASURE to join directly are invited to contact the Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, Chief of Voluntary Service at any VA hospi­ I have today formally requested Secre­ tal." HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI The Stars and Stripes-The National Trib­ tary of Commerce Frederick B. Dent to une is also very proud of the VAVS program. impose an immediate embargo on exports OF NEW JERSEY Our subscribers write of their pride, from of oil and oil products from the United IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES first-hand experience as a. patient and those States. Under the Export Administra­ Thursday, November 8, 1973 who are volunteers. tion Act, the Secretary may take such ac­ It is our hope that everyone in this nation tion to preserve commodities which are Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, makes a tour through a VA hospital. They in short supply. In light of the Presi­ throughout its history, this Nation has would find VAVS volunteers working in a large variety of duties. They would find many dent's address to the Nation last night been blessed with countless men and on the energy crisis, I feel that America women who have served loyally and gal­ young volunteers that are gaining practical experience while they are obtaining aca­ can ill-afford any further drain on our lantly in our Armed Forces. In return, demic knowledge at school. They would find already scarce energy resources. we have tried to provide our veterans not only veterans helping veterans, but also There is no question but that such an with benefits and comforts in an effort veterans' wives, daughters, sisters, mothers, export drain is occurring. And while it to make their lives more pleasant and and grandmothers. They would also find non­ is not of great magnitude, its implica­ meaningful. In addition, we have been veterans. They would find disabled volun­ teers, too! tions are disturbing in the present crisis fortunate to have so many Americans situation. During calendar 1972, U.S. oil willing to dedicate themselves to working These volunteers are not paid wages. You couldn't buy their satisfaction and pleasure. firms exported 1.4 million barrels of pe­ with our veterans. troleum products; total exports through Today, I would like to focus our at­ September of this year have already sur­ tention on the Veterans' Administration passed that level with 1.5 million barrels. Voluntary Service-VAVS-a group of MURDER BY HANDGUN: THE CASE The September export level jumped volunteer workers who devote tremen­ FOR GUN CONTROL-43 threefold from August's 200,000 barrels dous amounts of time and energy to help­ to 693,000 barrels as Great Britain and ing our veterans. Holland sought to make up losses from Discussing the VAVS recently, Vet­ HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON Arabian producers. erans' Administration Administrator OF MASSACHUSETTS The export motive is a powerful one. Donald E. Johnson pointed out that dur­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing 1973 these individuals gave nearly European oil prices are double those in Thursday, November 8, 1973 the domestic American market, and even 10 million hours in service helping dis­ after shipping and handling an exporter abled veterans. This, Mr. Johnson said, Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, can make a profit of 11 cents per gallon, is service "money couldn't buy." sometime Tuesday, November 6, Walter or over a million dollars on one tanker As a member of the Veterans' Affairs Parkin, Joanne Parkin, Lisa Parkin, Bob load. Committee, I am familiar with the Parkin, Richard Earl, Wanda Earl, Ricky Mr. Speaker, while this profit-taking plight many veterans face. Hence, today Earl, Debbie Earl, and Mark Lang were is certainly not widespread at this time, I want to commend the VA VS for the shot and killed. the temptation to export will grow with group's admirable dedication. Handgun legislation will protect peo­ every month of increasing world scarcity Mr. Speaker, the following editorial, "A ple like them, not the criminal (s) who due to the Arabian cutoff. Thankless Pleasure," appeared October are responsible for their deaths. The American consumer has been 25 in the Stars & Stripes-The National The article from the November 8 issue asked to cut back on his energy require­ Tribune. I wish to share the article with of the Washington Post is included ments and to live with troublesome my colleagues because it provides addi­ below: shortages. We are currently in a situa­ tional insight into this organization. The FOUR CHILDREN, FIVE ADULTS SLAIN IN tion where every barrel of oil is needed. article follows: "EXECUTION" Therefore, my request that Secretary A THANKLESS PLEASURE VICTOR, CALIF., November 7.-Two couples, Dent impose an immediate embargo on It is impossible to find a. group of people their four children and a. friend were found all further exports will help ensure that who work so hard, get little or no thanks, shot to death execution-style today in a. and yet obtain so much pleasure. blood-spattered house in this tiny vineyard all our resources are used to meet our Most people would probably agree that it settlement. own needs and to help us attain our goal is impossible to find such a group because San Joaquin County Sheriff Michael N. of independence from foreign producers. such a group does not exist. Canlis said all the victims had been shot in The text of my letter to Secretary Such a group does exist. It is known as the head. Dent is as follows: Veterans Administration Voluntary Serv­ Authorities theorized the victims had been CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, ice, volunteers who are members of vet­ ambushed by men who later ransacked the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, erans' and other organizations. grocery store of one of the victims, Walter Washington, D.C., November 8, 1973. In expressing his pride in the V AVS, Don­ Parkin, 33. Parkin was owner of the ram­ Hon. FREDERICK B. DENT, ald E. Johnson, Veterans Administration Ad­ bling $60,000 home, 30 miles south of Sacra­ Secretary of Commerce, Department of Com­ ministrator, said, "Volunteers who serve dis­ mento. merce, Washington, D.C. abled veterans in Veterans Administration Two children were shot to death on a bed. DEAR MR. SECRETARY: Last night millions of Hospitals gave almost 10 million hours in Parkin and six other victims, gagged and Americans heard the President of the United services that 'money couldn't buy' during bound, were stuffed into a. walk-in closet 1n States evaluate our current energy crisis and 1973. the master bedroom, police said. understood the need for "Project In­ "An average of 106,220 volunteers per The other victims were tentatively identi­ dcpendence"-freedom from reliance on out­ mon th contributed 9,822,416 hours of their fied as Parkin's wife, Joanne, 31; their side energy sources by 1980. This goal is time to helping veterans at the VA hospi­ daughter Lisa, 11; their son Bob, 9; Richard one which I, personally, have advocated tals, domicllia.ries, and regional offices dur­ A. Earl, an .accountant and neighbor; his wife many, many times. We were also asked to ing t he fiscal year ending June 30. The all­ Wanda in her 30s; their son Ricky, 15; their make a substantial national effort to con­ t ime record, only slightly higher, is 9,862,398 daughter Debbie, 18, and Mark Lang, 20, serve our scarce energy resources. hours contributed in fiscal 1971. identified as Debbie Earl's boyfriend. The short supply of petroleum distillates­ "The largest amount of time spent by VA The grisly discovery was made this morn­ especially diesel fuel, home heating oil, and volunteers in fiscal 1973 was for rehabllita.­ ing by Carol Jenkins, 18, a roomer at the gasoline--has been emphasized by recent tion services to veterans, with assistance in Parkin home who was out on a date Tuesday world events. Yet I have been greatly dis­ nursing, second, and work in the volunta.rJ night. She said she had returned at 3 a.m., turbed to learn that even now oil interests service itself, third. noticed nothing wrong and had gone to l)ed. in the United States a.re continuing to ex- Novemoer 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36447 port these commodities. More than 1.5 mil­ Congressmen can complain that we're tics." The arbitrary pollution and price lion barrels of petroleum products have left spending too much for this and not enough controls a.re the causes of the present the United States so far this year, and for that. But Congress has no alternative energy crisis. Solution of the crisis can­ budget of its own. It has no office to provide September exports jumped more than three­ not and will not be achieved until the fold over August, with three tankerloads in-depth analysis of the President's budget. going overseas. While this is but a small frac­ So when Congress votes to spend more for a causes of the crisis have been removed. t ion of the nation's annual petroleum con­ program than the President wants, the The article follows: sumption, we are currently in a situation President vetoes the appropriation and crit­ [From t he Industry Week magazine, Aug. 27, where every barrel is needed. icizes Congress for overspending. 1973] The current situation demands a total em­ That makes Congress a less-than-equal WILL ENVIRONMENT LOSE OUT TO NUMBERS bargo on exports of all oil products. Under branch of government. And it won't be equal GAME? the Export Administration Act you have the until it establishes its own budgetary office authority to impose "short supply controls" so members of Congress can have enough (An interview with the environmental con­ on scarce commodities. I can see no justifica­ information of their own to enable them to sultant Perry E. Miller) tion for allowing the exports to continue. The play a role in setting spending priorities. "We've got to begin to understand that Russian grain deal should serve as an object This inequality also exists at the local lev­ going all out 'to stop pollution' will be harm­ lesson in the need to serve the American el. In Chicago, Mayor Daley makes up the ful to the environment. For today we're fail­ consumer first. budget every year, not the 50 aldermen. The ing to consider the requirements we're plac­ I am formally requesting that you exercise mayor gives ea.ch of them one copy of his ing upon air, water, land, and energy to meet the authority available to you under the budget book and then, just three weeks later, our arbitrary and scientifically meaningless Export Administration Act and impose an they have to vote whether to adopt it or not. pollution regulations. immediate embargo on all exports of oil and At least Congress has time to evaluate ap­ "We've allowed ourselves to become so oil products, and other energy sources which propriations requests over a period of months preoccupied with 'pollution' that we're ignor­ are in short supply domestically. If Ameri­ instead of Chicago's quick take-it-or-leave­ ing the environment and we're ignoring con­ cans are to conserve energy and live with it way of adopting a budget. servation." troublesome shortages, we must not let We're not criticizing President Nixon or Environmental engineer Perry E. Miller what energy resources we do have be further Mayor Daley. By law, they have the duty to stretches out behind his desk like a piece reduced by exports to other nations. I present their budgets. The problem is that of rolling Indiana farm land. He comes from strongly support the President in his efforts Congress and the City Council have failed to a small town in Indiana and was raised to to deal with the energy crisis and share his assert themselves in this process. Unless the respect that land. confidence in the positive response of the people we elect as legislators grab a share of "After all, you don't destroy matter. You American people. However, it would be hard their authority to set priorities at the be­ change its form, and you do something with for me and for the people in my District ginning of the year, they're not in a very good it. I've been an environmental engineer all to understand why, in the face of a Presi­ position to complain the rest of the year my life. And if I have a waste product which •dentially-declared energy crisis, oil com­ about how the money is being spent. I must return to the environment, I ought to panies would be permitted to export petro­ be able to use my knowledge to determine leum products for the sake of infiated profits. what alternative means of disposal will be With best wishes and personal regards, least objectionable and have the least envi­ I am WILL ENVIRONMENT LOSE OUT TO ronmental effect. Very truly yours, NUMBERS GAME? "Take the matter of 'zero discharge' for C . W. BILL Yo'uNG, water. When you call for zero discharge, Member of Congress. that means you are going to put the sub­ stance on the land. But that concept fails HON. EARL F. LANDGREBE completely to recognize the relationship be­ OF INDIANA tween ground water and surface water. THE FEDERAL BUDGET "Now look at a substance like common IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES table salt. You use it on your food and it Wednesday, November 7, 1973 doesn't hurt you. You find it in the oceans HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI and they are teeming with iife. But when Mr. LANDGREBE. Mr. Speaker, there OF ILLINOIS you must put it on the land, concentrations has been extensive speculation about build up and the land becomes arid like the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES whether the energy crisis is real or salt fiats of Utah. Thursday, November 8, 1973 whether it has been manufactured by "So this is the kind of thing we are doing: the major oil companies for the purpose promulgating regulations without a sound Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the understanding and data base on what treat­ budget battle continues to rage here in of increasing their corporate profits. The discussion of this matter is extremely ment alternatives we 'i1ave, on what can be Washington and the frustrations that accomplished, on dilfering environmental cir­ beset the Congress on that score have confused for the simple reason that cumstances in various parts of the country received considerable public attention. everything is "real," including a manu­ that relate to treatment requirements, and Station WMAQ-TV in Chicago com­ factured shortage. What should be obvi­ on the environmental, health, and conserva­ mented editorially on the Congress budg­ ous to all is that the fuels exist in abun­ tion effects of our actions. dance in their natural states. "Environmental improvement used to be a etary frustrations and coupled them with scientific and technical problem. But it's the equally frustrating conditions that Until price controls were implemented in 1971 there were no shortages or sur­ changed from a problem of applied knowl­ face the city council of Chicago. edge t o a problem of applied politics." I believe the editorial is a sound one pluses in fuels. In a free market, one of the principal functions of the price is "WHAT" REPLACES "WHY" and properly analyzes the budget battle Mr. Miller has been working for environ­ that we in the Congress face. to equalize supply and demand. When prices are fixed by the Government, mental improvement for more than 30 years. The editorial follows: He has been instrumental in environmental either surpluses or shortages must occur. EDITORIAL programs both as a state health official and The federal budget--charts, graphs and al­ The energy crisis is indeed a contrived in industry-most recently as director of en­ most incomprehensible statistics-is a little crisis, for it has been caused by Gov­ vironmental control for Republic Steel less exciting to read than the telephone book. ernment interference with the pricing of Corp., Cleveland. He has now returned to In­ Maybe that's why Congress allows the Ex­ the free market. Perhaps such a. crisis diana as an environmental consultant. ecutive Branch to make up the budget. has been contrived in collaboration with Mr. Miller is concerned that we have be­ It might be dull, but the federal budget major oil companies-! do not know. The come so preoccupied with what we are doing essentially determines how our government fact remains that prices cannot be fixed that we have forgotten why. He recounts the gradual change. is going to spend $270 billion of our money. except by the Government. But we cannot expect the average American "I joined the Indiana State Board of citizen to analyze the budget and send along Together with this Government price­ Health in 1940 when we were mainly inter­ appropriate suggestions to Washington. The­ fixing are the Government pollution con­ ested in water pollution as it affected public oretically at least, that should be a job for trols, which Perry Miller, who served for water supplies and the quality of the water the 535 people we elect to represent us in several years on the Indiana State Board for use by the public. This was part of an on­ Congress. of Health, has described as "our arbi­ going program that had come about because But Congress allows the budget to be the trary and scientifically meaningless pol­ of the typhoid epidemics many years earlier. private property of the President and the lution regulations." In the article which non-elected people he picks to run the Office "But many evolutions have occurred simul­ of Management and Budget. So the Office of follows Mr. Miller demonstrates how taneously. One has been growth itself. At Management and Budget operates as sort of concern for the environment has that time in Indiana we had around 350 an "invisible government" making the cru­ "changed from a problem of applied canning plants. Today I would suppose there cial decisions about national priorities. knowledge to a problem of applied poli- aren't 50. But the total product canned is 36448 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 8, 1973 probably as great or even greater now. And POLrriCS SUPPLANT KNOWLEDGE is a program which he considers to be based that means that the discharges are more con­ "For with each new piece of legislation at on sound treatment methods and which will centrated and therefore more significant. the federal level since that time, a new layer work. Then he can only hope that this will "So we have had considerable develop­ of bureaucracy has been imposed at the top. bring his company into compliance with the ment and growth of this kind-agricultural. As a result, the decisions and judgments and effluent standards yet to be established. industrial, and urban. As growth occurs, policies are being made increasingly by non­ "In arriving at the 'best practicable' cur­ eventually you reach a point where the technical people. The technical men we rently available treatment called for by the streams no longer can assimilate the waste worked with and respected in the 1940s and law for existing facilities, you would assume load and then discharges must be treated 1950s are long since gone. And while there that you might be able to meet with both to maintain water quality. are still some technical people there, political the state and federal people to discuss what "So it was on that kind of basis that dur­ appointees are responsible for the decisions you are doing and what it will achieve. But ing the decades of the 1940s and 1950s and that are being made. there is no mechanism set up to do this and, even into the early 1960s our state treatment "This structure means environmental de­ again, you can only hope that you will be requirements were designed to maintain terminations are being made on a basis of dealing with reasonable and knowledgeable water quality in the streams. You analyzed political needs rather than environmental people. the water and you made engineering deter­ needs. "Unfortunately, therefore, industry can minations of what was actually needed to do "We have moved from state-administered only endeavor to use sound engineering that individual job. plans with consultative services by the fed­ judgment and try to do those things which "But beginning about the mid-1960s we eral government through a situation in will make an impro'l'ement and operate re­ began an abrupt swing away from letting which the state still played a dominant role liably. the environment tell us what a problem was with the federal government setting certain "It might be that if you used this ap­ to letting numbers tell us what a problem standards of achievement, to a situation to­ proach, and could demonstrate to the regu­ was. And we have now come to believe in day that is almost a total dictatorship of the latory agencies that you were doing the best those numbers to a degree that few question federal government in telling a state what job possible, they would not prosecute. But where they came from or what they mean. it must do and how it must do it. you now have both under the federal act and And we wouldn't think of checking with the "Now this in turn has had several effects. many of the state acts the right of civil suit. environment for that would take knowledge One is that, with each new law and each new And this means that any citizen or conser­ and judgment. change in the federal structure, the paper­ vation group can collect samples and from "The first major water quality act was work has increased more or less geometri­ them ascertain that your company is not in passed back in 1948, and its significance in cally. As an Indiana state official, I found compliance and bring an action. retrospect is that it first brought the federal that my staff was eventually spending its "What that means is that even if you government into what had been a state ac- · time filling out forms for the federal govern­ should convince the regulatory agencies that tivlty. But the program was put under the ment rather than spending its time in the you are doing the best practicable job, you Public Health Service, and we state people field identifying and solving environmental may still wind up in court defending your­ had excellent relationships with the men in problems. self in citizen suits. Washington and in the field offices. "But worse still, this all has been done in "So this is what you create when you set "These men were career technical experts. a way that keeps the laws changing and the standards that eliminate the need to deter­ They had been involved for many years in requirements changing so rapidly that plan­ mine whether or not there actually is a studies such as the quality of water in major ning has been impossible on any kind of harmful effect. We face a time of turmoil rivers, in public water supply treatment, and long-range basis. and litigation to sort out these helter-skelter in the analysis of municipal waste treatment "Nitrogen oxides in air are a recent exam­ piecemeal requirements that no longer relate operations. They knew what they were talk­ ple where standards were set and the gov­ to environmental equality and do not con­ ing about. ernment has now made a determination that sider the best use of our resources. "The states went to these men for help, the analytical techniques were inaccurate. So "For if we have to go all the way in every and they got help. Then the states followed they have now drawn back from those stand­ situation-allowing nature to do none of the up to take the actions required to get the ards. waste assimilation-then we are squandering job done working with local jurisdictions and "But the states, to meet the time require­ energy and creating countless new problems. local industries. ments of the legislation, adopted those more "We studied problems, we found answers, stringent standards for nitrogen oxides. They CAN WE TURN BACK TO PROGRESS? and we made progress. But perhaps as tech­ have the regulations on the books. Now, when "Sooner or later we're going to have to nical people we had not moved fast enough they are told that the data upon which the begin looking once again at what kind of or not tried hard enough to explain what we standards were based are invalid and thus treatment we actually need both to conserve were doing and what our objectives were. Or that the standards are unnecessarily strict, our resources and maintain the quality of perhaps engineering judgment in applying states must amend those regulations. One the environment. the treatment needed to maintain water can question how many are following "It seems ironic that we call the regula­ quality for specific purposes may have been through. tory agencies 'environmental protective too difficult for lawyers and the public to "Beyond that, now we have industry faced agencies' when they are actually administer­ understand with a situation in which the federal gov­ ing laws completely devoid of any environ­ ENTER ENFORCEMENT CONFERENCES ernment says it is drawing back because of mental judgment as to what effect one ac­ invalid data, states which may or may not tion may have upon others. "There's no doubt that in the early 1960s draw back, and local agencies within a state "And this extends beyond simply the en­ public interest was growing concerning the which also may or may not draw back. And vironmental effects. For while the consumer environment. We had public interest earlier, if so, how far? pays the immediate costs of irrational pollu­ but it was on the part of people directly af­ "In a situation like that, just how is in­ tion control programs, ultimately the future fected by a specific situation. Now there was dustry supposed to know what it has to do? cost of overutilization of our natural re­ developing a more generalized interest con­ "When you look at what we're facing it sources will face generations to come." cerning the environment, and, when you find seems clear that we're on a collision course. that kind of concern on the part of the pub­ The Clean Air Act of 1970 sets forth certain lic, that in turn generates a concern on the requirements for meeting ambient air qual­ part of people seeking political office. ity standards. For some emissions, certainly, "So the legislators responded with enforce­ "ZIGGY" KAHN RETffiES: BUT Wn.L the mid-1975 deadline can be met. CONTINUE TO WORK WITH THE ment conferences to bring the public and the "But for others we have neither the tech­ state people together. And when you have nology nor the wherewithal to have the facil­ ELDERLY the public involved, it apparently is neces­ ities in place prior to the deadline. That sary that you have some kind of yardstick means either we're facing a large number of by which the public and the judicial system court cases with inevitable delays and other HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD can judge whether there is a problem or not. consequences, or we must recognize these OF PENNSYLVANIA "As a result, the law established enforce­ standards are unrealistic and be satisfied with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment conferences and standards in specific the substantial progress from developing numbers. But it went farther. Amendments Thursday, November 8, 1973 in 1965 required the states to establish those technology. standards subject to the approval of the Fed­ "And in water, the effluent guidelines need Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. Mr. eral Water Quality Administration. So for not be established until Oct. 18, 1973-a year Speaker, every community has its out­ the first time, the states' decisions on water after the effective date of the 1972 act. Yet standing ciitzens. These are men and quality were subject to federal approval. on these guidelines hinge the permits to dis­ women who stand head and shoulders "In retrospect, it now seems clear that be­ charge which industry must obtain to con­ above their neighbors because of the ginning with that required approval the tinue to operate. quality and quantity of their contribu­ states lost their power of engineering judg­ WHAT'S A COMPANY TO DO? tions to their fellow human beings. ment on what was needed to maintain en­ vironmental quality and that henceforth "In this numbers game, the only thing a One such man is Joseph "Ziggy" Kahn, those decisions were to be made in Washing­ man responsible for environmental control of the Squirrel Hill section of Pittsburgh, ton. in industry can take to his board of directors who will resign as alderman of Pitts- November 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36449 burgh's 14th ward on January 1, 1974, SPITBALL HIS SPECIALTY pensation, with lesser amounts for those with when he reaches the mandatory retire­ His ability as a spitball pitcher was also lesser disabilities. The compensation rates ment age. well known, and he was signed to a contract must be increased to provide a. higher stand­ Ziggy Kahn was born in Pittsburgh in with the Cincinnati Reds, only to have his ard of living comparable to that of Amer­ an area which was known for its strong baseball career shortened when he suffered icans who did not suffer disabilities as a a shoulder injury playing football. result of their wartime service. ethnic ties; Irish, Italians, Jews, and After· college Kahn signed a contract to be Veterans rated 50% or more for service Eastern Europeans lived in a quilted pat­ the athletic director of a private academy connected disabilities are entitled to a de­ tern of streets and alleys called the "Hill only to have the job fall through when the pendency allowance for a. wife and Ininor District." directors of the academy learned he was children. The dependency allowances should Ziggy was an outstanding athlete as Jewish. be authorized for veterans rated less a young man and parlayed his skill and In 1921, he was offered the athletic direc­ than 50% . intense desire for an education into a torship of the Irene Kaufman Settlement Widows of 100% service connected disabled college scholarship. which he held until 1963. veterans should be entit led to service con­ His teams through the years included such nected dependency and indemnity com­ He never forgot his old neighborhood well known sportsmen as Arnold Fineberg, pensation regardless of the cause of death and friends and after returning from Herbert Bonn, Moe Becker, Marty Reiter, of their spouse. World War I and finishing college, he Nate Litfin and Hershey Schwart. PENSION came back to the Hill District to become But Ziggy always found time to be active Veterans who have worn the uniform dur­ athletic director of the famous Irene in ~any civic and fraternal orders and was ing wartime should not be subjected to wel­ Kaufman Settlement, where for many one of the organizers of the Squirrel Hill fare status. Veterans pension benefits should years thereafter he produced champion­ Boys' Club. be made adequate to preclude veterans from ship athletic teams. In 1949 Kahn was elected alderman of the being on the welfare rolls. 14th Ward and will relinquish this position The average World War I veteran is now I would like to congratulate this man Jan. 1 when his mandatory retirement age 76 years of age. This places them in a special for his long years of service and dedica­ becomes effective. category for extra consideration. The VFW tion to Pittsburgh and its people and in­ AIDS SENIOR CITIZENS pledges assistance for a. meaningful pension clude in the RECORD an article of Ziggy Kahn is looking forward to retirement for program for our World War I comrades. Kahn which recently appeared in the it will give him more time to work with his VA pension rates and income limitations Pittsburgh Press: new love-the Squirrel Hill Elderly Service must be liberalized so that veterans and ALDERMAN'S A WINNER IN LIFE Association. their dependents will not have their pensions cut on account of the recent social security (By Jerry Vondas) "There are over 5,000 senior citizens in the 14th Ward," Kahn explains. "And of number increase and similar increases in retirement Early in the afternoon Alderman Joseph L. programs. It would appear increasingly neces­ Kahn descends the long :flight of steps lead­ about 750 of them are not in good shape sary that all private and public retirement ing from his office. physically or financially. income should be excluded from being As he ambles up Murray Avenue in "We are going to see that these people get all the medical and legal help that they counted as income for VA pension purposes. Squirrel Hill, he's stopped and greeted by HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CARE businessmen and shoppers and well wishers. need. It's not easy for the popular alderman to "And we are fortunate to have Bill Katz . No reduction in hospitals or reduction te­ go anywhere in the Squirrel Hill community of the Papercraft Corp. as one of our direc­ low the daily patient load of 85,500. and not be recognized. tors. He's a big help." IMPROVE GI EDUCATION AND TRAINING BILL Kahn takes 30 to 40 old timers once a HONOR SLATED Legislation to provide the same levels of week and gives them instruction on keeping GI Bill assistance to Korean and Vietnam These people who admire the former ath­ fit with his emphasis on tension circulation lete will gather tonight at Temple Sinai and veterans as was provided veterans of World which the oldsters can do with little incon- War II. honor Joseph (Ziggy) Kahn for his many venience. · Recognition should be given in the GI years of service to both the Jewish and Kahn and his wife Anna are the parents Squirrel Hill communities. Bill to veterans with special needs, both be­ of a son, William, who is a director of so­ fore and after they are discharged from the The name Ziggy Kahn has been synony­ cial agencies in St. Louis. There are four mous with sports in the district for over 50 Armed Forces, to prepare them for educa­ grandchildren. tion and training without which they will be years. As Ziggy looks about an office filled with There's hardly a man living today having unable to successfully readjust to civilian trophies and mementos from many of the life. grown up in the Hill District who didn't come sports greats, he knows that his has been a under the tutelage of Kahn at the Irene life fulfilled. READJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE FOR VIETNAM Kaufman Settlement House. VETERANS The alderman was born and raised on Drug care and treatment by VA for all eli- Centre Avenue in the Hill, the son of Jewish gible veterans. immigrants who :fled Finland to avoid per­ CRITICAL AREAS OF VETERANS' Restore "Veterans Day" to November 11th. secution by the Russians. FOR MILITARY RETIREES AND THEIR FAMILIES And in the late 1800s it was t ough to be a LEGISLATION Jew in the Hill. Re-affirm goal of recomputation of retire- "We were the butt of all resentment and ment pay to reflect active duty pay scales. all jokes and labeled 'Jew Boys.' How many HON. LESTER L. WOLFF NATIONAL CEMETERIES beatings we took from the other kids because OF NEW YORK The VFW expresses its gratitude to the leg­ we were Jews. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES islators who through their efforts were re­ sponsible for establishing a national Ceme­ TIMES E.<\SIER NOW Thursday, November 8, 1973 "No, those weren't easy times for my family tery system under the jurisdiction of the Vet­ and!." Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, the Nassau erans Administration, which include all Ziggy attended Central High School and County Council of the Veterans of For­ cemeteries presently handled by the Depart­ graduated from Schenley High School where eign Wars has developed their legislative ment of the Army. he was a. top athlete in basketball, football, program for 1973-74, and I would like We strongly urge our legislators to oppose baseball and track. any move by the Administration to include to share the highlights of this program the Veterans Administration as part of It was during one of Schenley's games with my colleagues. The following state­ against Braddock High School he was given Health, Education and Welfare. the nickname "Ziggy" by Bill Peet of the ments cover many critical areas of vet­ Pittsburgh Dispatch. Peet labeled the young­ erans' legislation and were all approved ster because he would zig zag up and down unanimously by the Nassau County the football field. Council of VFW at a meeting on Sep­ HOW MUCH CREDIT IS DUE After graduation, he was awarded an ath­ tember 18, 1973: DETENTE? letic scholarship to Panzer College, Mont­ NATIONAL PROGRAM-VFW PRIORITY LEGIS­ clalr, N.J., only to have his schooling inter­ LATIVE PROGRAM FOR 1973-1974 rupted by World War I. AMNESTY HON. PHILIP M. CRANE He was to spend a year on the Maginot Line The Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United OF U..LINOIS in France with the field artillery. States is unalterably opposed to the grant­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES On returning to college, Ziggy played pro­ ing of general amnesty to those persons fessional football with Jock Sutherland at found guilty of desertion or draft evasion. Thursday, November 8, 1913 Columbus, Ohio. This was at a time when COMPENSATION Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, at his re­ an athlete could go to school and still play 100% service connected disabled veterans cent press conference President Nixon professional ball. receive only $5,940 a year in disability com- declared that the crisis in the Middle 36450 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 8, 1973 East did not develop into a confronta­ as their ingenuity was responsible for avoid­ Thousands upon thousands of Arab tion between the United States and the ing that war. prisoners have fallen into the hands of Soviet Union because of the cordial rela­ I do not wish (here) to disparage Nixon's Israel, belonging to the armed forces of maneuverings of last week, merely to ask Syria, Egypt, Iraq, Morocco, and Jordan. tions developed as a result of the policy whether one should leap-as Nixon would of detente. have us do--to the conclusion that detente In every way, these men have been treat­ Many other observers take a far dif­ was the cornerstone of last week's success. ed with fairness, compassion, humanity. ferent view. The November 1973 Wash­ Surely it is reasonable to suppose that the and mercy. None have been abused, tor­ ington Report of the American Security Soviet Union does not desire a world war. tured, beaten, or degraded, either pub­ Council, for example, notes that-- At least not for so long as a world war would licly or in private. The truth of this has The renewal of fighting in the Middle East mean the destruction of the Soviet Union. been attested to by representatives of the not only destroyed the peace in that area, We have faced crises with the Soviet Union International Red Cross and the so­ it helped many Americans understand the before, and at times when the cold war was called United Nations. reality that the United States cannot depend at its coldest. President Eisenhower landed American troops in Lebanon. A year or two Acting against their better military on detente. later Khrushchev announced his intention judgment, the Israelis have allowed plasma to be delivered, much of it from The Washington Report continues to of taking Berlin, and President Eisenhower announced his intention of hanging on to Israel, to wounded Egyptian troops. Re­ point out that-- Berlin. Meanwhile the leaders of the People's supply of the 3d Army, beaten and The Soviet duplicity in the Middle East Republic of China announced their unan­ isolated, has been allowed by Israel when removes the last doubt that Soviet talk of swering determination to seize the offshore most other people would have demanded detente, of a new era of good wlll and co­ Islands of Quemoy .and Matsu. President operation between the U.S. and the Soviet that their armed forces follow up an Eisenhower ordered the 7th Fleet to patrol earlier advantage and destroy the enemy. Union, was anything but a device, a ta.cti<; the relevant strait, and, as we all know, to gain whatever advantage was possible. Quemoy and Matsu are still there. President Simultaneously, the Israel Govern­ Kennedy ordered Khrushchev to take his ment has scrupulously supplied lists of The policy of detente started in May missiles out of Cub.a. and stuff them back all captured Arab military personnel to of 1972. Despite detente, notes Colum­ into the Socialist motherland, and Khru­ the respective governments, complying nist William F. Buckley, Jr.: shchev did so. in full with every dot and comma of the Here we were, October of 1973, and the Nixon's contention that the Mideast cease­ Geneva Convention accords. No one, even Soviet Union (a) provisions a war in the fire is a bloom of detente is preposterous. It their worst enemies, can accuse the Mideast, (b) threatens to intercede with is a. pity that the reporters in the room were Israelis of acting in anything but a hu­ Soviet military, and (c) (this is a report so anxious to turn the press conference into !from one news magazine) threatens physi­ an ex.a.mination of Watergate that no one mane manner. cally to destroy the State of Israel. asked the primary question, namely: Why In response to all this, what have the did we come close to a. confrontation with Israelis received as a quid pro quo in re­ While the President credits detente the Soviet Union in the Mideast? gard to their military personnel in Arab with keeping the Mideast war from pro­ Detente started formally in May of 1972, hands? Precious little. In fact, facts just gressing any further, Mr. Buckley ex­ and here we were, October of 1973, .and the now coming to light indicate that the presses the view that-- Soviet Union a) provisions a war in the Mid­ Syrians at least have acted with inde­ It does not surprise one that the Soviet east, b) threatens to intercede with Soviet scribable barbarity toward Israeli pris­ Union was kept from carrying out its military, and c) (this is the report from one oners. We are informed reliably that a threats-we still have an army, and a navy, news magazine), threatens physically to de­ stroy the State of Israel, to whose independ­ number of Israeli prisoners of war, taken and an air force. What is surprising, for in combat wearing the uniform of their those who believe in detente. is that the ence the United States is pledged. Now it does not surprise one that the nation and surrendering according to the Soviet Union is still making threats. The laws of war governing such situations, idea of detente is to stop making threats, Soviet Union was kept from carrying out its to stop relying on force. Where has the So­ threats-we still have an army, and a navy, have been mercilessly butchered on the viet Union shown a. disposition to stop rely­ and an air force. What is surprising, for those slopes of Mount Hermon and been buried ing on force? who believe in detente, is that the Soviet quickly to hide the dead. Union is still making threats. The idea of Such an outrage defies description and It is high time that we move away detente is to stop making threats, to stop adjectives. from the euphoria which accompanied relying on force. Where has the Soviet Union shown a disposition to stop relying on force? Where are the humanitarians who the initial official statements concerning bleed so copiously and often for the Arab detente. Every indication is that the So­ The next question to ask the President is: If we project the relative decrease in our refugees? Where are the seekers after viet goal of world conquest is the same military strength over the next five or six justice, who have so ardently pleaded the as it previously has been. The Berlin years, can you assure us that we would be in cause of all foes of the Jews? Where is Wall continues to stand, Soviet troops a position to stop the Soviet Union in a the so-called United Nations, which has continue to occupy Eastern Europe, a crisis of this sort? passed so many resolutions condemning repressive police state continues to flour­ And if not, what force is Israel going to the Jewish state as it fought for its life ish within the Soviet Union itself, and rely upon, in her next war, to contain a over the years? the means of war are continuing to be Soviet-backed effort to destroy her? Surely the Senate Foreign Relations Com­ Where is the Friends Service Commit­ supplied to the North Vietnamese, the mittee at this point should call in represent­ tee, so active on behalf of refugees? How Vietcong and, now, the Arab States. If atives of the chiefs of staff, and ask them the about the government of India, whose this is a peace-loving power, there are question: If the Soviet Union had called our humanitarian burblings have amused few tangible indications of that fact. bluff, what would we have done about it? and instructed us for so many years? I wish to share with my colleagues the It may be that as the situation gets hotter, And the Socialist states, who rave on column, "How Much Credit Is Due De­ President Nixon gets cooler. But all the while about the rights of people? Where are tente," by William F. Buckley, Jr., which the United States gets weaker. they? Who sheds a tear for the Jews? appeared in the Washington Star-News How can the United Nations ask to be of November 1, 1973, and insert it into taken seriously by anyone when its dou­ the RECORD at this time: BECAUSE THEY ARE JEWS ble standard is its ultimate degradation How MucH CREDIT Is DUE Di:TENTE? as an organization? It said nothing when Poor Richard Nixon is entitled to such Idi Amin of Uganda praised Hitler's acts satisfaction as he deserves, and the other day of genocide against the Jews. It has said at the press conference he was visibly buoyed HON. FRANK J. BRASCO nothing about Russian persecution of by the "success of his negotiations with the OF NEW YORK the Jews. It turns a blind eye and a deaf Soviet Union. By the vindication of detente. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES If it had not been-the President said in ef­ ear to international terrorism directed fect-for my painstaking approaches to the Thursday, November 8, 1973 against the Jews. Soviet Union over the past year and a half, Mr. BRASCO. Mr. Speaker, even as we And now it raises not even a peep over who knows what would have happened: a debate here today, at least 450 Israeli the brutal, barbaric butchery of unarmed confrontation between and Russian troops men, whose only crime was to raise their in the Mideast certainly, and, beyond that, military personnel languish in Arab cap­ perhaps even the dread world war. Presidents tivity, hostage to the still fluid plans be­ hands in surrender. Are the good diplo­ who avoid world wars are certainly entitled ing hatched in the Arab world aimed at mats not aghast at the spectacle of men to public gratitude, roughly in proportion doing damage to the Jewish state. having their hands tied behind their November 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3645l backs and then shot through the head? SELECTIONS FROM NEWSLETI'ERS posing dangerous cuts in our arms com­ Do not they blench in horror at the spec­ WELFARE REFORM-JULY 26, 1973 Initment, while conservative and moderate tacle of Israeli prisoners with their We have discussed the Alice-in-Wonder­ members of Congress will point to the already throats cut? Do they not seek even some land world of Washington bureaucracy be­ high costs of many domestic programs and fore and we have taken many a jaundiced the waste uncovered in some, particularly in inquiry? Is this not of concern to them? the poverty sector. Or is there a different standard for the look at the welfare labyrinth. Put the two to­ gether and you have a welfare system which This is not to say that there is not a middle Jews from that applied to the rest of the is very much deserving of the distaste with ground on the Defense budget. It can be world? Perhaps that is the real answer. which it is viewed by the average American. trimmed of duplication and waste but few This bas been going on for more than A Congressional study unveiled recently would deny that a strong na,tion is more 20 centuries. The names of the perse­ by my colleague, Rep. Martha Griffiths of likely to enjoy lasting peace than one which cutors may change. The means of murder Michigan, showed that a family of four in is counting on the good will of Soviet Rus­ welfare-weary New York City must have at sia and the Chinese. Much of defense spend­ may evolve. The location of the crime ing is now due to the high cost of the all­ may differ from one era to the next. least $11,500 in earnings if it is to equal the potential of all the government assistance volunteer services, the need to make service But the identity of the victims is always available to that same fainily on welfare. For life attractive and comparable to private the same. The Jews. Always the Jews. the poor, the uneducated, those having to industry. The Crusaders justified it because Jews overcome prejudice, the message then be­ Watch the dollars-and-cents decision were supposed to be deicides. The Inqui­ comes rather clear. It pays to go on welfare which will be made on Capitol Hill in the sition justified it because Jews were un­ in New York City because you are better o1f coming weeks. They will affect not only your believers. The persecutors of Dreyfus than working at some menial Job. It becomes pocketbook but your future in the world. justified it because Jews were supposed rather clear then why more than one out of LAND USE PLANNING ACT-SEPTEMBER 27, 1973 to be traitors to France. Hitler justified every seven or eight persons in New York One of the most radical and far-reaching City is on the dole, rather than on the job. legislative bills whreh I have seen in my it because of race difference. Stalin justi­ A working family, of course, faces certain fied it because they were an indigestible years in Congress breezed smoothly through expenses. It pays taxes-to support the peo­ the Senate Chamber some weeks ago. It now lump in Communist society. Today's ple who don't work. It faces the expense of awaits the House Interior Committee's ac­ Kremlin rulers justify it because the Jews getting to and from work. More clothing is tion, and many members of that committee insist on their religious identity and right required. It pays all the expenses which we are praising it as the panacea for all en­ to emigrate to Israel. How will the Arabs have come to take for granted-for medical vironmental ills. justify it? How does the U.N.? It will be and dental care, for tools, union membership, This type of legislation is often called a interesting to learn whether or not a new housing, etc. But the family on welfare gets a "sleeper." It has an attractive cover and great deal more than the non-taxable $4,000 title-The Land Use Planning Act-and its excuse can be produced this time. for which it is eligible in city welfare pay­ And who will it be tomorrow? And what avowed purpose is to encourage the states to ments. It gets free medical care, food stamps, undertake a land use planning program. But will their rationale be? I do not pretend school lunches. Its housing costs are paid. how does this power grab encourage states to to know. All I can be certain of is that It is eligible for such services as day care. do their planning? It requires the states to the victims will once again be the Jews. A poor, unskilled family would have to be submit a land use program to the Interior's Mankind's molar bankruptcy is pro­ blind not to see fairly soon that it is better Secretary for approval. What 1f he doesn't claimed by Syria and confirmed by the off on welfare than with an income of approve of the plan? Well then, New York $5,000 or $6,000. President Nixon has bee:n State, for example, loses hundreds of millions United Nations. Our silence today around charged with cruelty, bigotry and insensi­ of dollars of its share of highway, airport and the world is louder than any shout of tivity for his e1forts to streamline the welfare anger. It gives the lie to any pretensions land and water trust funds. Just a pint-sized system and to bring some sanity to it. Per­ package of federal blackmail. to civilization or pious mouthings of haps his critics could be charged with Okay, so lets give them a plan they will justice. Israel's worst fears should be cruelty and insensitivity toward the work­ approve-what can we lose? Since we must confirmed by such murders and the ing poor. conform to the planning criteria in the bill world's acquiesence in them. No person should be allowed to go hungry, we stand to lose our home rule shirt at all In turn, this causes me more fear than unhoused and poorly clothed. We have a levels of government. Tihs surreptitious na­ moral obligaton to assist our less fortunate tionalizing of real property laws, zoning laws ever. For in each age, those who com­ neighbors. We must look to their needs. mitted such crimes and others who have and building codes makes the UDC look as But let us not forget that it was work that a democratic, harmless and acceptable as a condoned them have inevitably suffered made this nation great. Perhaps future his­ New England town meeting. a worse fate. It is almost as if such inac­ torians will blame an inane welfare system It could force public housing on communi­ tion brings with it a guarantee of doom. for dragging it down. ties, control density and location of residen­ As for myself, I disassociate myself BATTLE OF THE BUDGET-SEPTEMBER 2 0, 1973 tial, business and industrial buildings; it from any such inaction, for to maintain The Congressional recess having ended, could dictate location of governmental facil­ silence in the face of such evidence is to Washington lawmakers returned to face ities, public utilities and even have a say in sanction murder. Fervently do I hope two major problems. One is the highly pub­ police and fire protection in our communi­ that our country will not fall into line licized and continuing Watergate matter and ties. with those nations and institutions and the obvious need for sweeping election re­ We are all for cleaning up our air and water forms. The other, with possibly more signif­ and for keeping our country clean and green. groups who have turned their faces away icant long-term implications, is the continu­ But do we have to totally disenfranchise our from this horrendous spectacle. Our ing battle of the budget. villages, towns, cities and counties with this Government should forthwith, and in the It is on the latter battlefront that the collectivist legislative outrage to accomplish most vigorous manner insist to the So­ Democra'tic-controlled Congress appears to such a goal? viet Union that the eleme11tary accords have a major advantage. Despite the Presi­ FIRE ISLAND BEACH EROSION--<>CTOBER 11, 1973 of the Geneva Convention be lived up to dent's continuing call for economies in gov­ A recent announcement by the National by their Arab clients. No stronger guar­ ernment, the lawmakers had already added Park Service tha• it will no longer attempt antee of more bitterness and strife can close to a $!-billion deficit to the Presidential to prevent beach erosion at the Cape Hat­ be conjured up than this situation. budget before leaving for the August recess. teras National Seashore has caused a great President Nixon is seeing any hope for a deal of concern here on Long Island. By in­ To do less is to share in the shame of balanced budget go glimmering as new spend­ all mankind. ference, announcement of this new policy ing proposals go into the Congressional would indicate a similar approach to the hopper. The Democratic-controlled Congress National Seashore areas on Fire Island. There appears to be ignoring Presidential warn­ are a number of points which should be ings and the administration's requests for kept in mind before we go along with such WASHINGTON REPORT economy. a policy. I do not agree completely with some of First, this announcement was made by the the President's priorities on spending. For Interior Department, not by the Army Engi­ HON. JAMES R. GROVER, JR. example, I opposed the impoundment of pure neers. The Engineers are now conducting, waters funds which provided an additional OF NEW YORK as a result of my amendment to rivers and $300-million in federal aid for New York IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES harbors legislation, a. broad-ranging study State's municipal waste disposal projects. of Great South Bay. I will be meeting with Thursday, November 8, 1973 As the battle of the budget continues in them shortly to discuss a deadline for com­ Washington, I predict that. you will see it Mr. GROVER. Mr. Speaker, continu­ pletion of this study and I will ask them take classic lines. Liberal members. of Con­ to include, in their work with a. computer ing my remarks of October 26, I wish to gress h~ve already zeroed in on the Defense model of the bay, a study of barrier beach present further selections from my news­ budget as their target. They want to balloon erosion and its impact. letters of the past year: the cost of domestic programs while pro- It is also important to keep in mind that CXIX--2296-Part 28 36452 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 8, 1973 this Interior Department approach, which WATERGATE AND RELATED ISSUE5--NOVEMBER 11, When the House considered the re­ will be applauded by many who oppose arti­ 1973 port on the last continuing resolution, I ficial preservation of beachfront, must be I have commented at various time this reviewed by Congress. It goes without saying supported that report only because the y-ear on the issu-e of campaign "dirty tricks," situation was urgent since it was before that property owners in areas affected by Watergate, and related events. There is no such a policy would oppose it. room for such activities in our political sys­ the House the last day before the previous Here on Long Island, our beach sands are tem. While I am shocked and saddened at continuing resolution expired. The previ­ moved from east to west in a littoral drift the disclosures and find it healthy that the ous resolution provided for a 100 percent power-ed by ocean currents and countered public learn the facts, I am cautious that we of 1972 hold harmless for the States by prevailing southwesterly winds. Histori­ work within the system to root out the evils which was totally unacceptable to me. cally, erosion, strong tides and high seas already exposed. People in public life are Lastly, it was promised that the con­ have created periodic breakthroughs in the entitled to due process of law and that pre­ barrier beach. These are a foregone conclu­ ferees on the Labor-HEW appropriations sumption of innocence accorded to every bill would attempt to work out a better sion if man doesn't do periodic repair work. other citizen. It is a frightening possibility that a major I supported the selection and appoint­ solution on that piece of legislation. Since ocean breakthrough during a severe hurri­ ment of an independent prosecutor to inves­ they have not, if I have the opportunity, cane could wipe out thousands of homes tigate the facts of Watergate, and while many I intend to move that H.R. 8877 be re­ on the mainland of the South Shore and of us question the wisdom and propriety of committed to the conference committee endang-er many lives as well. the President's removing Mr. Cox, the Presi­ with instructions to report back a bill There are two sides to the question and dent had the legal right to remove him as that includes a 90 percent hold harm­ I don't pretend to have the answers. Main­ he does any other administration appointee. less for local school districts based on tenance of the barrier beach, through dune It is hok-ed that the new special prosecutor repair, groin work, sandbagging, dredging of 1973 actual funds and applies a 120 per­ will be unhampered in his pursuit of the cent of 1973 limitation to the amount existing inlets or creation of new inlets, is facts and the truth. extremely expensive. Perhaps we would Reg·arding the White House tapes, while which any State may receive. The com­ achi-eve some form of beach stabilization if the constitutional question of privilege and bination of those two factors will per­ we did nothing, although we know that Fire separation of powers was never decided with mit a much more equitable distribution Island would be carved into a different shape finality, it must be said that simple justice of funds to occur. by the water and wind. for those involved demanded that their sub­ I am hopeful that the Engineers study For the information of Members, I am stance be made known to the courts. inserting below a table reflecting State will give us the information we need to On the matter of impeachment, I am in make a proper judgment here. In view of the support of the inquiry being undertaken by distributions based on the application of development of Fire Island, the overdevelop­ the House of Representatives. Although the provisions I favor compared to the ment of our bayfront and the importance many constituents have written urging me provisions contained in H.R. 8877. Both of our waterfront recreation and home areas, to take a stand immediately and pledge to tables reflect the effects of the limita­ it would be foolhardy to stick with the In­ vote for impeachment, I remind them that terior Department's shoot-from-the-hip de­ tions applied at the county level. on such a matter, if the Judiciary Commit­ The table follows: cision. tee reports a bill of impeachment, the House FISHERY ZONE-OCTOBER 18, 1973 sits as a quasi-judicial body, a 435-member STATE TABLE TITLE I, ESEA-LEA GRANTS ONLY Those Americans who are trying to adjust grand jury. As such a body, the House must their outlook to a situation in which our evaluate the evidence to determine if the (In thousands of dollars) nation is at peace should be aware of our offenses shown are tantamount to and meet involvement in an unannounced war, one criteria of "high crimes and misdemeanors." Actual1973 H.R. 8877 Quie which, in the long run, could have grave Since Representatives must thus sit in :udg­ State LEA provisiont proposal a consequences to the world's food supply. I ment, it is my conttntion that a prejudged refer to the continued protein battle on the commitment is violative of due process. Cer­ Alabama ______$34,549 $36,331 $32,021 high seas between those unprincipled na­ tainly in our judicial system, such a public Alaska. ______------2,415 2, 757 2,898 Arizona ______8,154 9,354 9, 761 tions which take everything from the ocean position by a granr1 juror would be unethical California ______111,618 128,361 133,942 waters which swims, without regard to re­ and in contempt of court. Colorado ______10,237 11,680 12,284 placement of fish stocks, conservation prac­ For the good of our great country and its Connecticut.------11,747 11,680 14,097 tices, equitable treatment of all nations or governmental institutions, I hope that we Delaware_------2, 323 2,672 2, 788 Florida. ___ ------__ 24, lll 27,433 28,933 even the edibility of what they are netting. can resolve the House inquiry with its im­ Georgia ______40,573 42,841 39,767 Congress has been patiently waiting a reso­ peachment questions and the confirmation Hawaii.------3, 715 4,272 4,458 lution of these problems through various in­ of Gerald Ford as Vice President with fair­ Idaho ____ ------2, 719 3,062 2, 948 ternational conferences by such august bod­ ness and dispatch. Illinois ___ ------69, 554 79,657 83,465 Indiana ______18,773 21,241 21,220 ies as the United Nations Seabeds Committee Over the years of my service to my con­ Iowa_------14,601 15,402 14,810 and the International Commission for the stituents, I have urged them to keep in mind Kansas.------9,147 10,166 10,976 Northwest Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF) and the great heritage we have in our nat•on's Kentucky_------32,212 33,817 31,215 meetings between individual involved na­ great wealth of resources, not only material louisiana ______31,322 35,609 33,241 Maine ___ ------5,634 6,479 66,760 tions. A law of the Sea Conference under and physical, but also moral and spiritual. Maryland_------19,381 22,250 23,257 ICNAF sponsorship holds forth some hope. Whil~ the headlines may fame the evils and Massachusetts ______24,894 28,628 29,872 There is, in fact, a crisis meeting of ICNAF evildoers of our society, there are so many Michigan._------51,769 59,517 62,123 Minnesota __ ------20,897 22,739 23,936 in Ottawa at this moment. good people and so many good things in our 35,923 37,867 32,628 To date, we have seen little of accomplish­ great country to support our abiding faith ~~~~~~:E~i_-_::::~:::~ 23,367 25,210 25,711 ment but a great deal of talk. The recent in the United States of America and her Montana ____ ------~ 2,866 2,236 3,240 Brhlsh-Icelandic confrontation shows that institutions. Nebraska ______.; 7,188 7, 798 7,491 Nevada ___ ---______. 924 1, 040 1,109 some nations are ready to stop talking and New Hampshire ______. 2, 007 2,309 2,409 start shooting or confiscating. Particular vi­ New Jersey ______. 44,232 50,867 53,079 olations of agreements regarding fisheries LABOR-HEW APPROPRIATIONS BILL New Mexico. ______. 7,393 8,502 8,872 have been the Russians and other East Eu­ New York. ______.; 196,836 226,356 236,203 MUST BE RETURNED TO CON­ North Carolina ______..; 51, 557 50,635 46,912 ropean nations which are scouring the seas FERENCE North Dakota ______.; 4, 101 4,360 3,894 off our coasts. Ohio ______-; 42,248 48,337 50,698 Because of the decimation of various spe­ Oklahoma ______:: 16,649 18,436 16,651 cies of fish, American commercial fishermen Oregon ______.;;: 8,421 9,685 10, 106 HON. ALBERT H. QUIE Pennsylvania ______~ 64,998 74,748 77,978 have suffered a catch reduction of 50 per cent Rhode Island ______;;: 4,874 5,605 5,849 in recent years. Not only have consumers had OF MINNESOTA South Carolina ______-;;: 29,853 30,882 27,157 to pay more to provide fish for their tables, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES South Dakota ______;;: 5,470 5, 713 5,477 but this thinning out of fish stocks is hav­ Tennessee ______-;;: 31,273 32,660 28,798 Thursday, November 8, 1973 Texas. ______;; 67,676 74,233 70,304 ing an impact on sports fishery as well. Utah ____ ------.::: 3,895 4,447 4,674 My legislation, which would extend Ameri­ Mr. QUIE. Mr. Speaker, today the con­ Vermont__------"' 2,094 2,399 2, 268 can control over our waters to the borders of Virginia ______-.----~ 31,523 33,230 33,817 of our continental shelf, is in committee ferees on the Labor-HEW appropriations Washington __ ------· 13,446 15,462 16,135 bill, H.R. 8877, have completed their con­ West Virginia ______17,320 19,242 16, 135 awaiting Congressional action. Thts would Wisconsin ______----- 17,341 19,762 20,809 allow our nation to practice proper conserva­ ference and filed a report which includes Wyoming_------1,171 1,326 1,405 tion procedures in an area extending up to the same formula :::estrictions on title I District of Columbia ___ 10,096 11,610 12,115 200 miles off our shores. If we do not receive of the Elementary and Secondary Edu­ voluntary cooperation from nations which cation Act which were contained in the 1 1972: 90 pet cent LEA, 90 percent SEA, and 115 percent LEA. appear to have no concern for the future, we continuing t•esolution, House Joint Reso­ 2 1973:90 percent lEA and 120 percent SEA. ought to pass this legislation and enforce Note: Col. 1 is based on actual 1973 HEW allocation of measures which wlll insure us a continuing lution 727, which was almost defeated $1,585,000,000. Col. 2 and 3 are based on $1,810,000,000, the harvest from the ocean's depths. by the House or.. October 11, 1973. amount contained in conference report on H.R. 8877. Novembe't 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36453 I have also selected three States and World War II, when the entire republic Actual H.R. 8877 am inserting at this point in the RECORD 1973 Pro­ Quie and our democratic principles were at tables indicating how much each county County LEA vision! Proposal 2 stake? I think not. A crisis, yet but one would receive under the provisions I that can be dealt with in the manner ft..vor in comparison with those con­ Glades ______----- 34 35 31 proscribed by the Constitution and the Gulf ______------64 74 63 law and one that must be dealt with not tained in the Labor-HEW appropriations Hamilton_------107 23 96 bill. If space permitted, I would be happy Hardee ______106 103 96 in the fashion of a lynch mob, but in­ Hendry------53 62 59 through the procedures and institutions to insert tables for each State. That Hernando ______60 70 75 formation is available and may be ob­ Highlands ______103 118 111 established for determining the truth tained through the minority office of the Hillsborough ______1, 865 2,145 2,027 and meting out justice. Hoi mes. ______193 173 173 Education and Labor Committee, Indian River ______110 127 149 The Watergate affair and the resultant X51743. Jackson . _____ ------498 532 448 attack on the President is a serious and Jefferson. ______152 175 137 complex matter. Numerous underlying The tables follow: Lafayette_------__ 29 34 26 Lake __ ------353 406 318 issues are confused with the main in­ CALIFORNIA TITLE I, ESEA-LEA GRANTS ONLY Lee ______------235 270 342 vestigation. I would like to attempt to leon _____ ------395 454 355 £In thousands of dollars] Levy __ ------84 96 91 enumerate briefly the various-but by Liberty ______31 34 28 no means all of-the complaints now Madison ______219 252 197 Actual H.R. 8877 Manatee ______266 307 294 being investigated. First, of course, is 1973 Pro­ Quie Marion_------443 510 399 the Watergate break-in, the political County LEA vision 1 Proposal2 Martin ______------65 76 126 espionage of the 1972 campaign and the Monroe ______127 146 194 132 resultant cover-up of these activities by Alameda ______Nassau ___ __ ------__ 146 169 $6,192 $7, 121 $6,770 Okaloosa ___ ------215 248 379 high Government officials, including Alpine ______4 5 6 Okeechobee ______39 45 56 Amador______21 24 26 Orange ______-- 1, 016 1, 168 1, 436 possibly the President. Investigating this Butte ______549 632 652 Osceola ______97 111 87 matter is the Senate Select Committee Calaveras ______39 45 68 Palm Beach ______1, 200 1, 380 1, 386 Colusa ______56 64 53 Pasco ______181 208 192 on Campaign Practices, the General Ac­ Contra Costa ______2,600 2, 991 3,300 Pinellas ______1, 215 1, 258 Del Norte ______1, 056 counting Office, the Department of Jus­ 95 109 96 Polk ___ ------908 1, 045 1, 021 tice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, El Dorado ______195 224 244 Putnam ______259 298 278 Fresno ______4, 219 5, 853 4, 492 St. Johns ______205 236 185 the Office of Special Prosecutor, n. Fed­ Glenn ______81 93 81 St. Lucie ______208 239 423 eral grand jury and countless news media Humboldt______544 625 531 Santa Rosa ______151 175 170 ImperiaL ______758 871 708 Sarasota ______211 244 265 personalities with predetermined opin­ In yo ______------46 52 70 Seminole_------448 516 404 ions. Involved in this investigation is Kern ______: ______2, 542 2, 924 2, 716 Sumter______100 116 99 Kings ______664 764 606 Suwannee ______180 207 162 the need to listen to the Watergate tapes Lake ______. ______127 146 162 Ta)lor______103 119 93 which might shed light on the involve­ lassen ______. ______47 55 55 Union ______38 44 35 ment of the President and other high Los Angeles ______45, 181 51,958 55, 157 Vol usia ______560 644 638 Madera __ __ ------486 559 438 Wakulla ______54 officials and help determine who is tell­ Marin ______60 68 429 494 618 Walton ___ ------182 208 164 ing the truth and who is lying about the Mariposa ___ ------28 33 26 Washington ______144 166 130 Mendocino ______322 371 334 break-in and cover-up. Clearly the tapes Merced ______970 1, 117 1, 167 should be made available to the courts Modoc __ ------52 60 50 UTAH TITLE I, ESEA-LEA GRANTS ONLY Mono ______- __ _ 9 11 12 for such a determination. By use of the Monterey ___ ------1, 299 1, 494 1, 297 Napa ______Beaver __ ------$8 $9 $18 unusual in camera hearing by the dis­ 235 271 275 Box Elder______81 94 111 trict court judge, the national security Nevada ______112 129 120 Cache ______3, 594 97 111 99 Orange_------4, 133 4, 8.93 Carbon ______97 112 87 interest will be protected and the right Placer ____ ------341 393 429 Plumas ______Daggett ______4 5 4 of a President to confidential conversa­ 56 65 64 Davis ______162 186 218 Riverside ______2, 772 3, 188 3, 407 Duchesne. ______tions with members of his staff will also Sacramento ______3, 851 4, 429 5,103 55 63 49 San Benito ______Emery ______44 40 40 remain intact. 115 132 122 Garfield ______11 13 13 San Bernardino ______3, 785 4, 353 5, 063 Grand ______The next major issue involved in this San Diego ______5, 505 6, 331 23 27 26 7, 347 Iron ______26 30 37 case in the question of misuse of cam­ San Francisco ______4, 791 5, 510 4, 739 Juab ______San Joaquin ______17 20 16 paign finances. There is some overlap 2, 097 2, 411 2, 382 Kane ______10 San Luis Obispo ______424 488 419 11 10 here with respect to the use of campaign San Mateo ______Millard _------__ 63 64 57 1, 413 1, 626 1, 934 Morgan ______5 Santa Barbara ______1, 023 1, 177 5 6 funds forth~ illegal activities mentioned 1, 246 Piute ______11 11 10 Santa Clara ______4, 306 4, 952 5, 501 Rich ______- above. However, the questionable activi­ Santa Cruz ______9 9 9 494 569 713 Salt Lake ______2,078 ties go beyond that. The involvement of Shasta ______505 582 596 1, 666 1, 916 Sierra ______. San Juan ______3tl2 348 319 the InternationaJ. Telephone and Tele­ 8 9 10 59 68 53 Siskiyou __ ------138 159 124 Sanpete __------graph Co. in sponsoring campaign ad­ Solano ______1, 088 Sevier------______54 63 49 946 1, 202 Summit______$15 $17 $22 vertising at a time when they had a case Sonoma ______Tooele ______- 60 70 72 $1,049 $1,207 $1,228 Uintah ______75 87 81 pending before the Justice Department· Stanislaus ______1,676 1, 927 1, 601 Utah ______215 247 242 398 458 491 the question of possible solicitation of ~ Sutter------­ Wasatch __ ------14 17 13 Tehama __ ------158 182 142 Washington ______51 59 65 campaign donation from the milk in­ Trinity ______--- 38 44 45 Wayne ______Tulare ______-_----- 19 18 18 dustry in return for a decision on milk 2, 134 2, 454 2, 151 449 517 602 Tuolumne ______67 77 88 Weber------price supports favorable to tha4; indus­ Ventura ___ ------1, 505 1, 732 2, 023 try; the question of illegal donations Yolo _____ ------370 426 568 Yuba ______1 1973: 90 percent LEA, 90 percent SEA, and 115 percent L~ 324 373 429 (quarter). from corporations; the question of il­ 21973: 90 percent, and 120 percent SEA. legal and unreported cash contributions· FLORIDA TITLE I, ESEA- LEA GRANTS ONLY all have to be answered. Congress has set up machinery for such investigations un­ der the new campaign financing law. The Alachua_------­ $472 $544 $425 THE CRISIS CALLED WATERGATE Baker _------77 11 70 General Accounting Office is charged Bay ______363 418 341 with investigating any violations and has Bradford ______80 93 73 Brevard __ ------­ 325 374 715 HON. MARIO BIAGGI been diligently working on these matters. Broward._ ------­ 1, 387 1, 595 1, 723 Any findings cf wrong-doing will be Calhoun_------112 101 101 OF NEW YORK Charlotte _____: ______turned over to the Justice Department 46 53 53 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Citrus ______--- ___ _ 60 69 70 for prosecution. Clay ______138 159 180 Thursday, November 8, 1973 Collier ______102 117 133 The break-in of Daniel Ellsberg's psy­ Columbia ______213 246 193 Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, the coun­ chiatrist's office is being investigated by Dade ___ ------3,619 4,162 5,133 DeSoto ______58 67 53 try is in a great crisis. Its President is a west coast grand jury. The use of the Dixie ______-_--- 50 47 45 under attack and the mood of Congress Central Intelligence Agency for political Duval_------2,197 2, 570 3, 005 purposes has been investigated by a Escambia ______813 936 1, 125 and the public is one of confounded Flagler------­ 44 52 40 fury. Yet is the crisis as serious as the House Select Subcommittee, which re­ Franklin_------__ 69 80 62 Gadsden ___ ------528 488 476 civil war which threatened to tear our cently issued a report. These activities. Gilchrist______-~ 34 31 31 country in two? Or is it as serious as however, were conducted primarily by 36454 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 8, 1973 aides to the President and some of these provides for such an appointment. Article ring again? In my view, the greatest re­ aides have been indicted already in con­ II, section 2, states that: form must come in the criminal justice nection with the break-in. Their guilt or Congress may by law vest the appointment system. That our institutions cannot innocence will be determined by the of such inferior officers, a.s they think proper, quickly seek out the wrongdoer, prosecute courts. 1n the President alone, in the courts of law him and free the innocent is our greatest Questions surrounding the use of pub­ or in the heads of departments. tragedy. That the system might be sub­ lic funds on the private property of the The Congress must pass legislation im­ verted by the overwhelming power of a President was investigated by the House mediately that would authorize Judge news media who, in invoking the rights Appropriations and Government Opera­ Sirica to appoint a special prosecutor in­ of the first amendment of the Constitu­ tions Committees which said that the dependent of the executive branch to tion, may trample on the rights of the expenses, while perhaps somewhat ex­ carry out the investigation and report his individual under the fifth and sixth cessive in the quest for security, were findings to the grand jury. amendments. The accusations made within legal limits of the existing laws. Should the President be impeached? against the President, his aids and Changes in the law have been proposed The answer to that question will only friends must be fully adjudicated. Trial to require congressional review and ap­ come when all the evidence is in. I have by press is as sure a dictatorship as any proval of any improvements and to limit urged that the House Judiciary Com­ known to man. The right of a person to the number of houses so improved. I have mittee begin an investigation of its own maintain his innocence until proven urged that consideration be given to to determine if there are grounds for guilty in a court of law must be main­ limiting the President to the White House impeachment. Again the Constitution tained for every American whether Presi­ and Camp David which are public resi­ clearly provides for this. I am pleased dent of not. dences for the President. During his term that the committee has begun such an A National Advisory Commission on of office, he need not use any other investigation. Criminal Justice Standards and Goals residence. If a "Western White House" is In impeachment cases, the House of recently issued a multivolume report on deemed desirable by the Congress then Representatives sits as a grand jury the problems of our criminal justice sys­ such should be authorized and main­ and hears the evidence provided by its tem and the need for reform. Programs tained as a public residence for all Pres­ "prosecutor," the Judiciary Committee. along the recommended lines must be im­ idents. Future improvements of private Based on that evidence it votes for or plemented quickly. property security purposes that result in against impeachment. Any Congressman In the meantime, while the countless material gain to the property should be who predetermines his decision in such investigations are being pursued, while reimbursed to the U.S. Government by a matter without a full investigation we wait for the reform of more indict­ the owner. does grave injustice to our Constitution ments, while we concentrate on finding Beyond these questionable activities, and systems of laws. It would be like ad­ out who is guilty and who is innocent, the confirmation of GERALD R. FORD as mitting to a jury individuals who were let our rational minds prevail. Let us put Vice President of the United States also predetermined to vote the defendant aside our emotions and see to it that the has been enmeshed in the entire Water­ guilty. I intend to keep an open mind on course of justice is followed. And instead gate affair. The 25th amendment pro­ this until the Judiciary Committee com­ of the wringing of hands and the gnash­ vides for proper expeditious procedures pletes its investigation and all evidence ing of teeth, let us concentrate on infla­ for confirmation of the nominee of the is in. tion, a sagging economy, a massive en­ President. The machinery is adequate Many have called for the resignation ergy crisis, the quest for peace in the and should be exercised. To hold up these of the President. This would be no less Middle East, and the many other prob­ confirmation proceedings pending any a miscarriage of justice than if the Con­ lems th81t demand solutions from this action by the President or the courts gress and courts decided to abandon 93d Congress. would be a subversion of the Constitu­ the investigation. The people have a right tion. If GERALD R. FORD is found qualified to a final finding of wrongdoing. The to hold the office and his confirmation is process for such a finding is there and voted by both Houses of Congress as pro­ the means of removal of the President is CONCURRENCE WITH THE SENATE vided for in the law, then he should be there. For the President to resign now AMENDMENTS TO THE DISTRICT installed as Vice President. If he is found would deprive the people of an ultimate OF' COLUMBIA RENT CONTROL unqualified, a new nominee should be determination in the entire case and the ACT OF 1973 submitted and the process of confirma­ opportunity of reform to prevent any il­ tion quickly completed. Holding up this legal activities from occurring again. HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI confirmation and pressing for impeach­ Many have argued that the country ment and conviction of the President so cannot survive the crisis of impeachment OF KENTUCKY that the Speaker of the House may as­ and conviction of the President by the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sume the Presidency is as dishonest as Senate. They have said such a lengthy Thursday, November 8, 1973 anything the President is accused of do­ investigation and proceedings would Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, the House ing. The Congress would be grossly der­ bring the Government to a halt, destroy today has concurred with the Senate elict in their duties if they failed to ful­ our ability to conduct foreign relations, amendments to the bill, H.R. 4771, as fill the requirements of the 25th amend­ and possibly threaten our security from amended, which was passed by the House ment as expeditiously as possible. Hear­ within and without. If this is so, we on June 11, 1973. ings are now going on in the House and should call for a constitutional amend­ I would like, very briefly, to explain Senate. The Federal Bureau of Investiga­ ment repealing article II, section 4 of the the Senate's amendments and to include tion as well as investigators of Congress Constitution-the section providing for in the RECORD the report of the Commis­ are checking every detail of Congressman impeachment. sioner of the District of Columbia, dated FoRD's past. If he is found qualified, he This great country has survived many October 15, 1973. should be confirmed. crises in its long history. It is a tribute The principal Senate amendment pro­ The final major issue is the question of to the resolute will of its people and to vides that any rent regulations adopted the appointment of a special prosecutor the institutions and laws they have es­ by the District Council, under this act, to investigate all of the activities that tablished. Despite the turmoil of the last may remain in effect for 1 full year fall under the purview of the Federal decade with its riots, the burning of following the date of their enactment grand jury enpaneled by Judge John cities, mass demonstrations, the killing of by the Council. Sirica. Here, if justice be served, the pros­ many_of our youth in an unpopular war, This provision insures that the rent ecutor must be independent. While I do the Union survived. stabilization and regulation powers which not want to presume that the President This crisis, too, will pass and the coun­ we are granting to the District Council or any of his appointed officers would try will be stronger for it, if reason pre­ will extend through the interim period seek to subvert justice, in the interests of vails. Beyond the travail of the moment, prior to the expected inauguration of an a fair and impartial investigation and we must look to the future. What lessons elected local government in January one that will be creditable to everyone, have been learned by this terrible trag­ 1975, as provided in the pending District the prosecutor must be appointed by the edy? What reforms must be made to of Columbia Self-Government and Gov­ courts. The Constitution again clearly prevent such abuse of power from occur- ernmental Reorganization Act. November 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36455 From 1975 forward, the authority and Section 4 of the bill was amended by the VETERAN'S DAY SPEECH discretion as to the regulation of rents addition of a subsection (e) to expand the (By Mr. Ben Womer) will be vested in the locally elected gov­ powers of the Rent Commission in S1fih I would like to take a minute to tell you matters as the holding of hearings, admims­ a little about myself. My family moved to ernment, provided that the pending tering of oaths, attendance of witnesses, and "home rule" legislation is enacted as Sparrows Point, Maryland, from Pennsyl­ the production of records, and to make the vania in 1922. I was twelve years old at the expected. noncompliance with subpenas of the Com­ time. Six years later we moved to Dun­ As originally passed by the House, H.R. mission punishable by the Superior Court of dalk, Maryland, where I have lived ever 4771 granted rent control authority to the District of Columbia as a contempt since. I have spent forty-five of my sixty­ the District of Columbia Council for a thereof. A new subsection (f) authorizes ap­ three years working for the Bethlehem Steel period of just 1 year following enact­ propriations not in excess of $85,000 to carry Company. I am now retired. Two and a half ment of the bill. out the duties of the Housing Rent Com­ years ago I founded the Dundalk-Patapsco The Senate amendment, in effect, mission. Neck Historical Society along with the help Section 8 of H.R. 4771 was amended to of other older members of our community. gives the Council a period of up to a full extend until one year after the adoption of Our purpose is to find and record as much year to determine whether to implement regulatory rules the powers of the Council as possible of the history of our area for rent controls, and then provides that such to provide for rent controls, unless no rules the use of the youth of our community. Be­ controls may be enforced for 1 full are adopted within a period of one year lieve me you can be very proud of where year. If the Council takes no action with­ following the date of enactment of the bill you live. in 1 year of the enactment of this blll, in which case· the authority conferred by The Patapsco Neck section of Baltimore its authority will lapse, just as provided the bill would expire at the end of such County has contributed as much, if not in the version originally passed by the year. A further amendment would require more than, any other section of our state House. the Council to hold a public hearing six and even our country to help make our na­ months after the adoption of rent controls tion what it is today. In the beginning, we The other Senate amendments pro­ to determine whether its rules should be settled on the western shore of the Bay in vide: modified or termina ted. the 1600's starting an export trade long be­ First. That the Council must hold hear­ While the District Government continues fore there was a Baltimore City, which was ings 6 months after it places rent con­ to favor the enactment of legislation which not founded until 1729. We established truck trols in effect in order to determine delegates to the District of Columbia Coun­ farms at the very beginning to feed the peo­ whether such controls should be con­ cil the authority to regulate and stabilize ple and they flourished for many years until tinued, modified, or terminated. rents in the city, it is our preference that there are only two left today in the Neck. Second. That the Council, in establish­ such a law vest in the executive branch the We had a land invasion by the British in power to administer any local rent control 1814 much to their sorrow. There are three ing rent regulations, shall provide means program which may be established. For this monuments on North Point Road to show whereby increased costs incurred by a reason, we submitted to your Committee on the people of our nation the part we played landlord are taken into consideration. May 23, 1973 a draft bill which represents to help keep our independence. This war Third. That the composition of the our preference as to the kind of legislation was of such importance that two of our District of Columbia Housing Rent Com­ needed to effectively regulate maximum Presidents of the United States came here mission include four representatives of rents and rental services in the District of to look over the battle ground. President landlord interests and four representa­ Columbia. James Monroe, our fifth President, came Nevertheless, the District Government sup­ from Washington on June 7, 1817, and Presi­ tives of tenant interests, as opposed to dent John Quincy Adams, our sixth Presi­ two representatives of each group, as ports the enactment of H.R. 4771, including the amendments made by the Senate in its dent, came from Washington on October 16, provided in the version of the bill origi­ consideration of the bill. In a report to the 1827. It was said, at the time, that President nally passed by the House. Committee on the District of Columbia of Adams picked up some acorns to take back to Fourth. That the Commission shall the United States Senate, dated July 24, Washington. So somewhere in Washington, have subpena power and that contempt 1973, a copy of which is attached for the D.C., there must be some mighty big oak information of your Committee, we expressed trees from our North Point area. One other proceedings may ensue from disobedi­ factor about the battle fought at North ence of such subpenas. An authorization several concerns with respect to certain pro­ visions of H.R. 4771, some of which have Point was that Baltimore was the only ma­ of $85,000 to carry out the provisions of jor city on the eastern seaboard of the United the legislation also is included. been met by the amendments made by the Senate. However, there remain other matters States that the British never set foot upon. The Mayor-Commissioner of the Dis­ of concern to the District, as outlined in the Joshua Barney, one of our great patriots trict of Columbia was asked to report the attached report, and we recommend that who served his country well in our War of views of the District of Columbia Govern­ these be given further consideration by your Independence in 1776 and the War of 1812, ment on H.R. 4771 as it was passed by Committee. lived in our area until he was twelve years the Senate, with amendments, on Sep­ Sincerely yours, of age when he went to sea. I might say this tembeT 7, 1973. His report follow.a: WALTER E. WASHINGTON, was a day that the British would have liked Mayor-Commissioner. to have never seen recorded in the history THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, books of America. One other thing I would Washington, D.C., October 15, 1974. like to call to your attention is that our Hon. CHARLES C. DIGGS, Jr. Star Spangled Banner was written off our Chairman, Committee on the District of shores by Francis Scott Key. The British Columbia, U.S. House of Representatives, DUNDALK, MD., COMMUNITY AND ships that fired upon Fort McHenry in the Washington, D.C. ITS ROLE IN AMERICAN HISTORY War of 1812 passed our shoreline and an­ DEAR MR. CHAmMAN: The Government of chored off Colgate Creek just a short dis­ the District of Columbia has for report H.R. tance from your school. 4771, a bill "To authorize the District of Columbia Council to regulate and stabilize HON. CLARENCE D. LONG Long after the victories of Washington over the French and English had made his rents in the District of Columbia", as passed OF MARYLAND by the United States Senate on September name familiar to all of Europe Benjamin 7,1973. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Franklin chanced to dine with the English H.R. 4771, in the form passed by the House Thursday, November 8, 1973 and French Ambassadors when the following of Representatives, was amended in several toasts were drunk: "To England, the sun substantive respects by the Senate. Section Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, whose bright beams enlightens the remotest 3(a) of the bill was amended to require that corners of the world" proudly spoke the on October 22, Mr. Ben Womer joined English Ambassador raising his glass. The any rules adopted by the District of Colum­ me in addressing students at Holabird bia Council to regulate or stabilize rents French Ambassador, filled with natural pride shall contain such pass-through provisions Junior High School. Mr. Womer, a but too polite to dispute the previous toast, as will allow increased costs incurred by noted local historian, presented to these offered the following: "To France, the moon landlords which are directly related to the whose mild, steady and cheering rays are young people a most informative talk on the delight of all nations consoling them rental premises to be considered in determin­ the role their community has played ing maximum rents to be charged. In section in darkness and making their dreariness 4(a), the composition of the District of Co­ throughout American history in war and beautiful". Benjamin Franklin then rose lumbia Housing Rent Commission, which is peace. and offered: "To George Washington, the authorized to be established, was changed Joshua who commanded the sun and moon Mr. Womer's talk on Dundalk re­ to stand still and they obeyed him". to mandate that !our o! the members repre­ flects the many American communities sented landlords' interests and four mem­ Shipbuilding was started on Bear Creek bers be representative of the interests of in which everyday people live and in 1661 and we are still building ships today. tenants, all o! whom would serve until termi­ work-the communities of good citizens One of the first airports in the United States nation of the Comlllission. which are the essence of America. was started at Logan Field in Dundalk. The 36456 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 8, 1973 boundaries of the field were Belcaire Road, Upton Sinclrur, "The Jungle," was SCREWMACHINE INDUSTRY Sollers Point Road and Dundalk Ave. The about to bring national attention to the BRIGHT first Air Wing of the National Guard to be workingman's plight through its shock­ recognized by the federal government in the ing revelations about the meatpack.ing United States was our own National Guard industry. HON. WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD here in Maryland. Some of the first airplane OF MICHIGAN factories in our nation were started right He was a freshman at Bangor High here in Dundalk--Berlinger and Joyce at School in 1920, yet even then he was one IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Turner Station and Curtis Carponi on Broen­ of our State's first unionized movie pro­ Thursday, November 8, 1973 ing Highway. In 1867 we had the first form jectionists and a member of local 198, of automation in the making of bricks. In which at that time had a membership of Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, de­ 1888 the first tidewater steel mill was started only 25. spite increased competition from cold­ at Sparrows Point. One of its first products He was married in 1929, perhaps the formed parts, die-castings, and plastics, were steel rails that helped us span the na­ toughest year in American history for the future of the screwmachine industry tion, ships that helped our great cities and the workingman, and soon began a fam­ remains bright. bridges-the Tri-State Bridge in New York, That analysis was made by Mr. Asa W. the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco ily of seven. and the Empire State Building in New York, He became legislative agent for the Bonner in an interview in the October to name a few. Our brick yards helped the AFL in 1935 and its president in 1937. 1 edition of Metalworking News. Mr. cities, not only in our country, but as far If ever labor faced an uphill battle in Bonner is the president and chief execu­ away as Paris, France. At Fort Holabird the our State legislature, it was in 1937, when tive of three screwmachine plants in Army Jeep was designed, tested and built, Maine and Vermont were the only States Michigan. His long record of success in along with amphibious equipment such as the field qualifies him as one of the lead­ the Duck. Important signal items were de­ in the Union that did not go for Roose­ velt's New Deal in the previous election. ing spokesman for the screwmachine signed there such as radar equipment for de­ industry. tection of World War II buzz bombs and the He spearheaded the battle against the photo equipment used to record the first right to work law when it reared its Mr. Speaker, I have known Asa Bon­ atom blast. Prisoners of war, such as Rom­ ugly head in Maine in 1948 and again in ner for many years as a constituent, a_s mel's North African troops, were kept there. 1961, miraculously persuading big busi­ a friend, as an eminently successful Our people served in all our wars. We have ness interests to support his position. businessman and as a community leader. the finest schools and churches money can He was the founding father of our A self-made man, he knows that there buy as well as a fine police and fire depart­ State's unemployment laws and the chief is no substitute for ingenuity, precision­ ment. Not long ago I read in an 1895 news­ ::>.uthor of our workmen's compensation workmanship, and dependability for suc­ paper that the girls in the Patapsco Neck cess in any field, especially one so com­ section of Baltimore County were the pret­ laws, which he has seen refined over the tiest in the state. Well, as I look around years, and which many say are among petitive as the machine industry. So, wit.h here today, it still holds true. We may not the very best in the country. singular advice to his colleages, he looks have had royalty or aristocracy here in the He has established a reputation as a to the future with the same enthusiasm Patapsco Neck but we did have hard work­ hard bargainer, good compromiser, and and vigor that has sustained him for the ing, God fearing people who helped to build unexcelled lobbyist, as he pushed through past 54 years in business. and defend our nation. I am glad to say I am legislation for union and nonunion work­ Mr. Bonner is a past president of the proud of being part as well as from the ing man alike, battling for a higher State National Screwmachine Products Asso­ Patapsco Neck section of our state. I don't ciation. Before that he served with the think we have to take our hat off to anybody minimum wage and a new State law that when we say we have one of the finest places says that plant-s closing down must give Office of Price Administration and the to live and work in our nation. Thank you. their workers 4 weeks' pay or 4 weeks' National Recovery Administration. notice. Not only does the following news story When the AFL merged with the CIO pay a well-deserved tribute to my friend, in 1955, Ben became its head, and he has Asa Bonner, it illustrates the constant BENJAMIN J. DORSKY: FOUNDING been president ever since. need for improved performance and FATHER OF LABOR IN MAINE Although not a lawyer, he has a law­ workmanship which our free enterprise yer's eye for loopholes in a labor contract. system, unlike any other economic sys­ Although not a college graduate, at a tem, encourages and demands from our commencement ceremony in January business community. HON. PETER N. KYROS The story follows: OF MAINE 1971 he was given the University of BoNNER, WITH GOLDEN RECORD, CALLS FUTURE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Maine's :;:lrized Distinguished Service Award for his "outstanding contribution BRIGHT FOR FIRMS PUTTING STRESS ON Thursday, November 8, 1973 QUALITY to the social and economic growth of the (By Al Wrigley) Mr. KYROS. Mr. Speaker, it is cer­ State of Maine." FARMINGTON, MICH.-A bright future for tainly my very great p:L·ivilege to bring This is Ben Dorsky, Mr. Speaker, a those screw machine shops that put a pre­ to the attention of my colleagues in the man who has organized for labor in mium on their mechanical engineering capa­ House of Representatives the outstand­ Maine, scrimped on his lunches, traveled bilities and th'l.t stress improvements in the ing record of the man who has done more long hours by train in the early days, quality of their products was predicted here than any other to improve the quality given every waking hour and every ounce by one of the industry's best-known execu­ of life for Maine's working men and of his enormous energy to organized tives, Asa W. Bonner. "The quality of screw machine products women. He is Benjamin J. Dorsky, the labor, and even once pawned his own in many applications has withstood com­ mild-mannered but tough-willed presi­ fishing gear to get enough money for the petitive challenges from cold-formed parts, dent of the Maine AFL-CIO, who will be State AFL to be represented at a national powdered metals, die castings, special ex­ honored at a testimonial dinner this convention. trusions, and even plastics," Bonner declared Saturday night in Bangor for his 40 To some he is "Gentle Ben," to others in an interview here, "and there's no doubt years of contributions to the labor move­ "Archie Bunker," and to the rest "Mr. in my mind that it's this quality-along Labor in Maine." As the saying goes. with our industry's engineering knowledge­ ment. that will keep most markets for screw The full story of Ben Dorsky's life "Character is a victory, not a gift," and machine products intact in the future." spans the development of the labor move­ Ben Dorsky has won the great victory o! Bonner noted that in the automotive in­ ment itself in this country, but, Mr. establishing himself as a man of tre­ dustry, for example, high-quality, durable Speaker, I will review only the high- mendous courage, moral fiber, and tenac­ parts are needed in many subassemblies, in­ ity for the things he believes in. He has cluding brakes, axles, and transmissions, and lights: "will continue to be needed long into tomor­ He was born in 1905, at a time when for 40 years fought the workingman's row. the average workingman brought home battle and won it. We are all very proud LONG RECORD OF SUCCESS $420 a year, the men operating the blast of his achievements in Maine as we honor Bonner, himself, has never directed a screw furnaces in smoky steel mills were a lifetime of dedication to the working machine enterprise that failed to show a putting in 84-hour weeks, and a book by man and woman. profit. While he's reluctant to talk about November 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36457 his business success, he's been in the in­ steel, brass, aluminum, copper, and other in the Association. There are nineteen affili­ dustry for 54 years-38 years as a top execu­ materials up to approximately 4% inches in ated regional associations located in Cali­ tive-and that adds up to a lot of black ink. diameter and 18 inches in length. fornia, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Today, along with his sons, Ben V. Bonner Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Massa­ and Asa, Jr., he heads up three firms: A.T. and chusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, G. Co. here, M. B. Fetcher Co., Detroit, and Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Okla­ Lexbon Enterprises, Detroit. The elder Bon­ COMMEMORATION OF THE lOTH homa, Texas, Virginia and West Virginia. I ner is president and chief execut ive officer of mention them to show the depth of penetra­ all three firms, whereas Ben is executive vice­ ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERI­ tion and development achieved by the na­ president, and Asa Jr. serves as vice-presi­ CAN ASSOCIATION OF ATTORNEY­ tional organization in the short span of ten dent, and also general manager of Fetcher. CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNT­ years. As is probably pretty clear from this, the ANTS, INC. Critical bar and accounting associations Bonners own most of the stock in all three were confronted. The perseverance of the firms. AAACPA, which then numbered its member­ The elder Bonner does not look the age HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN ship in the hundreds, prevailed. Fortunat ely, of a man who became associated with Fetch­ OF NEW YORK our democratic society is conducive to a full er in 1921, or whose sons are now in their 40s. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES airing of all viewpoints and valid oppor­ He's statuesque, looks hale and hearty, and tunities for mistaken views to be changed. speaks fluently. Some veterans of the indus­ Thursday, November 8, 1973 The leaders of the Association have an abid­ try will remember his stint as president of Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, in this day ing faith that discerning minds outside of the National Screw Machine Products Asso­ the membership ranks would ult imately see ciation (NSMPA) in the mid-50s, and the and age when it is imperative to strive the justice of the dual licensees' viewpoint work he performed before that with the for the best in professional accomplish­ but this important matter could not be left Office of Price Administration (OPA) and ment to adequate!~ satisfy the growing to chance. F rom the very beginning diligent the National Re00very Administration (NRA). needs of a society steeped in complicated efforts were made by the Association for a He gained considerable recognition for all techniques required for its very existence solution of a problem that should never have those jobs. He stil serves as chairman of the and development, it is fitting to draw existed in so disturbing a fashion, in t he NSMPA's Public Affairs Commit tee. first place. attention to, and single out for special Both professions of law and accountancy SCANS FUTURE encomiums, a professional society whose are better today for the wise counsel that "It's hard to predict the future for the members have been licensed to practice prevailed to permit the free interchange of screw machine products industry," Banner both as attorneys and as certified public opposing views especially those that were ac­ said in his office at A.T. & G., "but then, that's accountants. cepted for publication in the American Bar true about almost any industry. For many of I refer to the American Association of Journal and the Journal of Accountancy­ us, business is cyclical, and it's affected by t h e latter a publication of the American In­ strikes, public attitudes, competition from Attorneys-Certified Public Accountants, Inc.-AAACPA-which will hold its lOth stitute of Certified Public Account ants. other industries, and decisions made by our From 1964 to 1968, their supplications for customers regarding the amount of work they annual meeting in November. relief were rejected by the ABA, but t heir release to outside suppliers. I am privileged to honor this group perseverance finally prevailed and the As­ "But I have to say that, even with all t hese and wish to call the attention of my col­ sociation was invited by the renown ed Spe­ variables to consider, there's absolutely no leagues to some of the activities of the cial Committee on Evaluation of Ethical question in my mind that the future will be AAACPA. Accordingly I respectfully re­ Standards of the ABA, known also as the secure for those screw machine shops that "Wright" Committee, to meet with them and keep abreast of engineering or technical ad­ quest that the following report be in­ cluded in this portion of the RECORD. submit a brief on the Association's position. vancements, and that continue to stress This Committee bad the awesome responsi­ quality in the products they make." C H ALLENGES AND ATTACKS GAVE BIRTH TO bility of recommending changes in the et hi­ Bonner admitted that screw machine prod­ THIS AssociATION cal concepts applicable to the legal profes­ ucts in many applications cannot compete One challenge was to bring together per­ sion. Their work resulted in the imposing with cold formed parts and other competitive sons who by dint of study and experience, Code of Professional Responsibility adopted products in price. "And that's why it's so im­ had attained the dual capacities of Attor­ in 1969, which updated, modified and re­ portant for us to maintain the highest stand­ ney-CPA to better serve the public, so that placed the Canons of Ethics. ard of quality in the items we produce," be by professional contact, they could further That meeting of the representatives of the said. expand their capacities "pro bono publico." AAACPA wit h the Wright Committee in the "The auto industry, for example, expects The other challenge was to resist the un­ Waldorf Astoria in New York in August of us to provide it with strong, uniform anchor warranted attacks by those provincial ethics 1968, bas been the brightest episode in the bolts for brake subassemblies, and we have committees of several states, as well as the accomplishments of this Association. The dis­ to maintain proper concentricities on these august American Bar Association (ABA), cussions were extremely fair-minded and parts, and give them lots with very low re­ which would require these duly licensed friendly and both sides made serious efforts jection rates. It's a fact that a competitor dual practitioners to reject their duality and to explain and resolve the opposing points who's trying to produce anchor bolts a dif­ exclusively practice only one or the other of of view. Subsequent discussions ensued dur­ ferent way may be able to cut one-third off the two professions. ing the preliminary draft period of the Code of our price, but as a general rule, we'll While most state and local bar associa­ of Professional Responsibility to incorporate get the order, because when you're talking tions did not follow this view, dual licensees further suggestions by the AAACPA. Happily, about subassemblies such as brakes, the auto­ in the profession of law and accountancy the amended Code was unanimously adopted maker's more anxious to know what kind o! realized that failure to react to and resist the by the House of Delegates of the American quality be's getting than how much the parts serious challenges that had surfaced would Bar Association and bas been adopted by are going to cost." result in the gradual deterioration of their practically every state. $9-MILLION SALES IN 1972 position to their own and to society's disad­ Of particular interest to the Association's Bonner said that the three companies vantage. They recognized the possible ulti­ members is Disciplinary Rule 2-102(E) of be's beading have normal annual sales, com­ mate loss of valuable rights they bad earned the Code which states that "A lawyer who is bined; of $8 million to $10 million. In the and secured from sovereign states by per­ engaged both in the practice of law and an­ 1972 fiscal year, their volume totaled up to severance, study, examination and practice. other profession or business shall not so about $9 million. Five years ago, sales by The foresight of just a band1'ul of dual 11~ indicate on his letterhead, office sign, or pro­ the three companies were around $7.5 mil­ censees from several sections of the country fessional card nor shall be identify himself lion, be said. resulted in the decision to take the first step as a lawyer in any publication with his other Most of the screw machine parts these in the protection and preservation of their profession or business". firms produce go to the automakers and their constitutional rights. They invited others, The impact of this rule was clear and to components, or subassembly suppliers. Be­ who found themselves in the same position, the complete satisfaction of the AAACPA. A sides anchor bolts, these parts include to attend the first organizational meeting of lawyer who is also engaged in another pro­ spindles of different kinds, studs, bushings, the American Association of Attorney-Cer­ fession may practice both professions with, rods, valves, shafts and precision fastener. tified Public Accountants, Inc. of course, certain fair and understandable A.T. and G., which ba-i sales last year of more It is a pleasure to report that the chal­ guide lines. than $6.5 million, produces special items lenges were successfully met and the attacks The adoption of the Code on August 12, only. There are no parts available from the have all but ceased. Although there are ap­ 1969, and especially the portion that con­ Farmington firm off-the-shelf. proximately 3,500 attorney-certified public cerns the Association's members directly as Bonner estimated that his companies pro­ accountants in the entire country, over 1,000 dual practitioners, definitely represents the duce around 250 dtlferent screw machine of them are now members of this prestigious most important 1'avorable development to products each year, and a total quantity o! professional organization and practically date a1Iect1ng the Association and its mem­ 200 million to 250 million pieces annually. every state of the union, the District of Co­ bership. His facllities are able to produce parts in lumbia and Puerto Rico has representation Next in import was the American Bar As- 36458 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 8, 1973 ·sociation's Porroa.l Opinion No. 328 issued in cott, I thought my colleagues would be August 1972, which pronounced that it 1S interested in knowing the amount o! Quantity Value proper for a lawyer simultaneously to hold (metric (thou- himself out as a lawyer and as an accountant, grain that we exported to the Middle tons) sands) that separate letterheads as a lawyer and as a East in fiscal 1973, and especially to the C.P.A. are required and that a lawyer may six countries limiting oil exports. That 13. Morocco: practice two professions, such as law and Wheat.------335,010 26,012 data follows: Rice •• __ ------2 1 public accounting, from the same office with Feed grains ______18,500 1, 457 some qualifications as specified in the Code. U.S. GRAIN EXPORTS TO THE ARAB STATES-FISCAL YEAR NDAF ------NDAF 161 It is to the credit of the American Asso­ 1973 ciation that it sought to resolve a difficult Total .------353, 512+ 26, 731 [Note: NDAF, not directly accounted for, refers to other grains situation by pursuing friendly discussions Algeria: t not included in quantity totals but included in the value totals. Wheat ••• ______;; __ •••••• .: with Bar Associations and Accounting Quantity figures represent minimums rather than accurate 407,555 28, 106 Groups. There was a fair dissemination of totals. Dollar values are accurate as shown.) all points of view and the climate of con­ TotaL ••• _____ .------407, 555 28, 106 flict has cleared considerably. 15. Tunisia: Although the Association has maximized Quantity Value Wheat. ••:. ______••• ..: •••• ..: 71,771 6, 398 (metric (thou- Feed grains •• ______. 24,423 1, 582 its efforts to successfully confront the former tons) sands) NDAF challenges and attacks on the ethical pro­ NOAF------327 priety of the dual practice, it has also suc­ TotaL_.------96, 194+ 8, 307 cessfully handled other challenges. It has 1. Syrian Arab Republic: Rice •••••• _. ______~ 13 $2 Libya: 1 lost no time in developing meaningful pro­ WheaL •••:.:: ••••- . :: • ..: •••• .; 5,129 470 grams for the benefit of members of both NDAF ------·--_. NDAF 2 Rice ••••• __ • ______._. __ _. Feed grains ______. 2, 029 874 the legal and accounting professions. From Total ••••:. •••••••••••• ..: 13+ 4 2,600 289 its very inception the Association sponsored NDAF•••••••••••••••••••• NDAF 135 2. Qatar:1 professional betterment seminars, initiated, TotaL •••:: ••••••••••••• Wheat.Rice ______•• -;-•••:..::.:..:..~;-;: .; 21 2 9, 758+ 1, 768 encouraged and financed scholarship pro­ 39 10 grams in a number of universities, sponsored Feed grains .••••••••••••• ..: 5 1 17. Egypt: law review and professional articles by its NDAF ------·------_. NDAF 11 Wheat.. ------.: 292,861 25, 794 Feed grains ______. 132,399 8, 581 members and published a quarterly news­ NDAF•••••••••••••••••••• NDAF 459 letter which is mailed to approximately 4,000 TotaL •••:..:. • ..:.::.:..:. ••• 65+ 24 dual practitioners, libraries, Bar Associations 3. United Arab Emirates: TotaL •• ------.: 425, 260+ 34,834 Wheat.·------=-- ••• ..: 1, 275 106 and Accounting Societies. During the 18. Sudan: current year, after a period of study and RiceFeed • •••••••grains ___ ---·----______••••• _. 130 49 580 58 WheaL. __ ------•••• .: 85,222 7, 465 discussion, the Association sponsored and NDAF ------···· •• ------•• NDAF 48 12,403 755 set up the American Association of Attorney­ ~e~gt~i~_s::======NDAF 345 Certified Public Accountants Foundation, Total •• ..: •••••:: ••••••• -- 1,985+ 261 TotaL •• ------97,625+ 8, 565 Inc. Among the listed purposes of this 4. Yemen Arab Republic: foundation are the fostering and mainte­ Wheat. ••••••••••••:. • .:.:.:;: 2,999 344 Total-Arab countries nance of the honor and integrity of the Rice •••••••••••• ------562 162 with embargo in effect professions of the law and public account­ Feed grains •••••••••••••• ..: 9 2 against United States •• 654,337 59,237 NDAF •••••••••••••••••••• NDAF 265 ing, the study and improvement and facilita­ All countries: tion of the Administration of Justice, the Total ••:. • .: ••••••••••••• 3, 570+ 773 Rice ______.------_ ••• .: 63,476 17,080 study of law and accounting, the ethical WheatFeed grains •• __ ---- ______------.- 1, 546,900 120,669 practice thereof and research therein and Yemen (Aden): 292,655 20,049 Wheat. ••••••••••••••••• ..: 2, 587 258 NOAF.------•• ____ ----- NDAF 3, 509 to promote and foster the continuing educa­ Rice ••••• ------•••• ------200 43 tion of lawyers and accountants. TotaL •••••:.- •••••••••••••• .: 1, 902,029 160,417 These are noble purposes and you may be TotaL •• ------.: 2, 787 301 assured that they are safely entrusted in 6. Oman: t Indicates participation in oil embargo. the care of attorney-certified public ac­ Rice . ____ ••••••••:::.:: ••••--.: 9 4 Note: Figures concerning grain shipments to Abu Dhabi, a countants, who have given much of their NDAF ••••••••••••• ------NDAF 6 member of the United Arab Emirates and a participant in the time and effort and means to encourage and oil boycott, are not separately available and thus are not included seek the best of the two worthy professions TotaL.------.:. ••• .: 9+ 10 in Arab embargo totals. of law and Mcountancy in order to better 7. Bahrain: 1 Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture. minister to the essential needs of our in­ Wheat. ••:. ••••. .:.=~--= .. ; 105 11 Rice ••••• ------•••••• .: 59 20 creasingly complex society. Feed grains ••••••••••••••• 37 6 In light of their accomplishments, this NDAF •••••••••••••••••••• NDAF 55 is an appropriate time to warmly con­ TotaL ••••••• ___ ------!01+ 92 PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION AND gratulate the members of the American 8. Lebanon: THE POPULA.R MANDATE: ARE­ Association of Attorney-Certified Public Wheat..-=------; 85,008 6, 620 TURN TO 1972 Accountants, Inc., to wish them well in Rice ••••••••• _____ ••••••• 1,119 373 their endeavors, to hope that their num­ Feed grains ______. 50,831 2, 981 bers will grow, to encourage their con­ NDAF•••••••••••••••••••• NDAF 209 HON. BELLAS. ABZUG 135, 958+ 10, 183 tinual interest in the welfare of the TotaL_------•••••• OF NEW YORK members of the two professions in which 9. Iraq :1 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES they are licensed to practice and in the Wheat. ••:: .:: ••• ::••••• .: •• :: 13, 281 1, 269 Feed grains ••••••••••••••• 207 89 Thursday, November 8, 1973 welfare of the public at large. NDAF ------••••• ------NDAF 41 Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, on November TotaL_.=----=----•••• :;: 13, 488+ 1,399 1 I introduced H.R. 11230, a bill to amend 10. Jordan: title 3 of the United States Code to pro­ ARAB Offi AND U.S. GRAIN Wheat.------93,943 7,130 Vide for special presidential elections. Rice •••• ------431 106 Feed grains ••••••••••••••• 36,405 3,029 This bill, based on the Presidential Suc­ NDA F-•••••• ------__ NDAF 46 cession Act of 1972, would remove par­ HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM Total . _. _••• _•••••••••• 130, 779+ 10,311 tisanship from the impeachment process, OF NEW YORK and produce an administration grounded in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 11. Kuw~~~aL ------22 6 popular confidence. Rice •••• ------•••• 2,154 611 As columnist William Raspberry said Thursday, November 8, 1973 Feed grains ••••••••••••••• 7,164 625 in yesterday's Washington Post: Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, on No­ NOAF ------NDAF 1, 008 The proposal has some clear advantages vember 5, the Associated Press reported Total.------9, 341H- 1, 350 over the present options, which are either to confirm Gerald Ford as a likely President that the Department of Agriculture ex- 12. Saudi Arabia:l or to elevate Carl Albert to that position. pected sales of U.S. grain and other farm WheaL---·------150,111 10,678 Rice ••• _------56,729 14,825 In either case you get a President not chosen products to the Middle East to jump 50 Feed grains ______7, 090 594 by the people. In the latter case, you get a percent in fisc&! 1974, to a record $600 NDAF ••• ----·-··------•• NDAF 391 President not even of the party favored by million. With a continuing Arab oil boy- Total . ------· 213, 930+ 26,498 the people. November 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36459 One of the important aspects of the pro­ Perhaps as fair as White's special election, if the President claimed that "cert ain mate­ posal is that it would largely remov_e the sus­ and considerably less unwieldy would be a rial 1nay not be disclosed because the subject picion of politics from presidential suces­ reconvening of the electoral college for new Inatter relates to national defense or foreign sion. As things now stand, a Democrat-con­ presidential and· vice presidential selections. relations, he may decline to transmit that trolled Congress that rejected the nomina­ That way, the new national leadership would portion of the material" to Judge Sirica. tion of Republican Ford, for any reason be chosen by precisely the same people who A NATIONAL-SECURITY BLANKET whatever, would be suspected of trying to chose the winners last fall. But that path Now the President has already made it per­ take for the Democratic Party what it failed may have some insurmountable constitu­ fectly clear that his theory of national-se­ to win in the 1972 elections. tional obstacles. curity information cuts a very wide swath. He Of overriding importance for Kevin White For the benefit of my colleagues, I in­ has admitted trying at the very start to limit is the necessity that people consider their the inquiry into the Watergate burglary on sert the full text of Mr. Raspberry's government to have legitimacy. the ground that it might uncover CIA opera­ column and an article appearing in the "Rather than living for three years with tions and endanger the nat ional security-an Wall Street Journal by noted scholar, an administration unable to instill confi­ idea denied at the time by the CIA and never Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., in the REcoRD: dence and lacking legitimacy, a special elec­ satisfactorily explained thereafter by the A SPECIAL ELECTION IN 1974 tion would seize the crisis of impeachment President. He has admitted telling Assistant and succession as an opportunity to reaffirm (By William Raspberry) Attorney General Henry Petersen on April 18 the workings of our political process," he of this year "to stay out of national se­ Boston's Mayor Kevin White has been said. curity matters" in questioning Howard Hunt pushing hard for a special election to replace Two drawbacks to the White proposal are of the White House plumbers. His statement the fallen Spiro T. Agnew and the falling the amount of time and confusion involved of May 22 used the phrase "national security" Richard M. Nixon. in organizing, campaigning for and holding 24 times and the word "security" in one or White, like so many Americans, is dis­ the elections and the fact that the traditional another context 13 additional times an ef­ mayed at the prospect of a President being Leap Year cycle of presidential elections fort to shove as many things as possible under forced out of office but being permitted (un­ would be lost, there being no provision for a national-security blanket. der the 25th Amendment) to name his own a two-year-term. Neither of these seems par­ As late as August 15, apropos of the break­ successor. But to deny him that choice, by ticularly crucial. in by the plumbers into the office of Mr. Ells­ congressional refusal to confirm Mr. Nixon's There could, however, be really critical berg's psychiatrist, Mr. Nixon declared his nominee for the vice presidency, would be to problems of strategy, White's plan, envision­ grave concern "that other activities of the promote House Speaker Carl Albert, a Demo­ ing the necessity of impeachment, would special investigations unit might be dis­ crat, to a position for which the American require the rejection of the Ford nomina­ closed.... It was and is important that people elected a Republican. tion. Yet the feeling is growing that the many of the matters worked on by the spe­ Says White: President may well elect to resign, but not cial investigations unit not be publicly dis­ "Our choice today appears to be either: (1) until Ford is confirmed. closed because that disclosure would unques­ a national leadership that is not nationally tionably damage the national security." One elected to govern a nation, or (2) acquies­ BACK TO THE FOUNDING FATHERS? may reasonably suppose that, if this par­ cence to disregard and abuse of constitu­ (By Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.) ticular break-in had not already come out, it tional powers by our current elected leader­ The crisis of the American presidency roars too would have been sealed up in the name ship, and controversy for three years about of national security. Does anyone suppose the legitimacy of that leadership." along; but the last fortnight has wrought an interesting change in the acoustics of the that other activities of the plumbers are Mayor White sees another alternative: a more legitimately withheld? special election early in 1974 to choose a new situation. It would seem that the idea of im­ President and Vice President (in the event peachment is now no longer unthinkable. If Judge Sirica should be unconvinced by both offices have become vacant), with the What was for so long a remote, alien and presidential deletions in the name of na­ Speaker of the House serving as interim or frightening concept is on its way to becom­ tional security, then presumably the matter acting President until January, 1975. ing, in the phrase of the late Spiro T. Agnew, would ascend once more to the court of ap­ .. This would require no constitutional a household word. And indeed Agnew's own peals, thereby reopening the question amendment, but simply an act of Congress," total disappearance from the scene, an event whether a higher court can gain access to White contends and constitutional law schol­ no doubt traumatic for him but quickly ab­ unexpurgated tapes in order to determine ars with whom I have spoken agree. Such a sorbed and forgotten by the rest of the coun­ whether the deletions were justified. In the solution says White, would begin a "healing" try, has perhaps begun to accustom people to meantime, the President has invoked execu­ process and, by returning the decisionmak­ the notion that changes may be made near tive privilege to stop oral testimony before ing power to the people, "ensure the legiti­ the very top of government without national the Watergate Committee concerning a macy of presidential power." disaster. White House meeting of March 23, 1971- The constitutionality of the proposal seems Of course the vice presidency is one thing, the meeting which led to the increase in clear enough. Article II, Section I, provides the presidency something very different. milk price supports shortly after the dairy that " ... the Congress may by law provide Mr. Nixon in his press conference strove industry made large contributions to Nixon's for the case of removal, death, resignation or valiantly to put over the point that his reelection campaign. No conceivable claim of inability, both of the President and Vice special relationship with Mr. Brezhnev made national security can operate here. President, declaring what officer shall then him personally indispensable to the suc­ Persisting presidential opposition to the act as President and such officer shall act cessful conduct of foreign affairs. Skep­ yielding of evidence will only strengthen the accordingly, until the disability be removed tics noted, however, that this special rela­ arguments for impeachment. For, whatever or a President shall be elected." tionship dissuaded Mr. Brezhnev neither merit a presidential claim of privilege may To do what White proposes could go a long from forcing the crisis (if indeed there was a have in certain circumstances, that claim is way toward re-establishing a sense of or.:ler crisis) in the Middle East nor from rebuking automatically and totally dissolved when the and stability to the national governm€-nt. Mr. Nixon thereafter for his "absurd" ac­ House of Representatives undertakes an in­ Introduction of special-election legislation count of the crisis and his alleged "attempt quiry with a view to the exercise of its con­ would put the Congress in the posture of to intimidate the Soviet Union." Indeed, stitutional power of impeachment. In such acting, rather than merely reacting to one Secretary of State Kissinger had already an inquiry, as President Polk said in 1846, crisis after another. curiously undercut the President's claim to "the power of the House in the pursuit of The proposal has some clear advantages indispensability by pointing out in his press this object would penetrate into the most over the present options, which are either to conference that the essential decisions were secret recesses of the Executive Departments. confirm Gerald Ford as a likely President, or made by the National Security Council with­ It could command the attendance of any and to elevate Carl Albert to that position. In out the· participation of the President and every agent of the government, and compel either case you get a President not chosen only then pe.ssed along for his final approval. them to produce all papers, public or private, The crisis remains, and it will no doubt by the people. In the latter case, you get a official or unofficial, and to testify on oath President not even of the party favored by erupt again over the same issue that led to to all facts within their knowledge." Con­ the people. the firing of Archibald Cox-the insistence of tinued White House denial of evidence to the Under the White plan, Albert would be the special prosecutor, whoever he may be, special prosecutor or the Senate committee acting President only. on access to evidence locked up in the White would therefore leave the Congress little al­ House. While the President in the end said he One of the important aspects of the pro­ ternative but to use the impeachment proc­ posal is that it would largely remove the would yield this time to the ruling of the ess to gain access to the evidence required court of appeals with regard to the nine spe­ to resolve the issues before the country. suspicion of politics from presidential suc­ cified tapes, he appears adamant in his deter­ cession. As things now stand, a Democrat­ mination to hold back other materials any Where would successful impeachment controlled Congress that rejected the nomi­ special prosecutor will consider indispensable leave the republic? The dethronement of nation of Republican Ford, for any reason to an honest investigation. President Nixon would, according to the pres­ whatever, would be suspected of trying to Moreover, even with regard to the nine ent law of succession, bring into the presi­ take for the Democratic Party what it failed tapes, the judicial ruling is not altogether dency either Gerald Ford, if he can be con­ to win in the 1972 elections. clear on one vital point. The court said that, firmed in the present circumstances, or, this 36460 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 8, 1973 failing, Carl Albert, Speaker of the House. vacancy; and the new President should serve Somehow the perspective has been lost The question has arisen whether there is not only the balance of the regular term, if this completely. a better way to handle the problem. Several is reconcilable with Article II, Section 1. Just how great are his crimes? How many members of Congress have thus introduced Moreover, many people, noting that Sena­ lives have been lost? How many tax dollars resolutions providing for a special presiden­ tor James Eastland of Mississippi is presi­ have been misappropriated? How many tial election if Congress should find that a dent protem of the Senate, would prefer to elected officials have been contaminated? President has so lost popular confidence that follow the example of Harry Truman, whose And let's compare Nixon with several of he can no longer effectively perform his re­ Succession Act of 1947 reversed the 1792 or­ his predecessors, too, while we're at it. sponsibilities (Jonathan Bingham) or that a der, providing that, in case of a simultaneous I was in Washington, D.C., in the new President has violated the Constitution vacancy, it would be first the Speaker of the State Department building a number of years (Edith Green and Morris Udall) . A special House and only then the president pro tern ago on the exact day President John F. Ken­ election would have obvious advantages. It of the Senate who would qualify as "Acting nedy confessed to us that American pilots would clear the slate and bring in an ad­ President." were flying missions for the first time in ministration with a mandate to govern. But The signal advantages of reinstating the South Vietnam. this approach requires a constitutional 1792 law would be that it is the only dis­ Before that, under President Eisenhower, amendment and is therefore not practical as cernible means of producing before 1976 an we had only an advisory role. Now we were an immediate solution. administration demonstrably grounded in projected-by presidential decree-into that Last week the staffs of Sen. Edward Ken­ popular confidence-and that, since it would of actual combatants. The pilots who died on nedy and of Mayor Kevin White of Boston be a statute and not a constitutional amend­ those first sweeps started a parade of dead came up, quite independently, with another ment, it could be passed at once. If Mr. that later seemed interminable. And the war approach-that is, a reinstatement by Con­ Nixon had the courage to resign and submit itself was almost interminable, made so be­ gress of the Presidential Succession Act of his case to the nation, he could even seek cause of the no-win policies inflicted on our 1792. This law, under which the United vindication as the Republican candidate in fighting men. States lived for 94 years, contained an in­ the special election. If removed by the im­ And don't forget we had the ill-conceived teresting and forgotten provision. In case of peachment process, of course, he would and ill-fated Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba, the simultaneous removal, death, resignation thereafter be forbidden "to hold and enjoy engineered by Kennedy, who let the Cuban or disability or both the President and Vice any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under patriots die on the beaches because no Amer­ President, the law said, then the president the United States." ican fire or air power had been supplied as pro tem of the Senate, or should there be One of the incidental values of the con­ promised. Not even the New York Times pro­ none, the Speaker of the House "shall act as temporary crisis of the presidency is the tested! And there were no cries for impeach­ President . . . until such disability be re­ attention the American people are suddenly ment. moved, or until a President · b·e elected." compelled to pay to the workings of what Does the arrest of the four Cubans in the Whenever the office of President and Vice had been carelessly assumed to be a reason­ Watergate burglary match this tragedy as President both fell vacant, the Secretary of ably foolproof political system. some commentators would have us believe? State was "forthwith" to make arrangements I heard President Lyndon Johnson in Pe­ for a new presidential election, unless the oria, condemning Barry Goldwater as a war­ simultaneous vacancy fell within the last monger, while proclaiming himself as a dis­ year before the next regular presidential elec­ A PLEA FOR SANITY ciple of peace. Many of us still remember the tion, in which case the Acting President distasteful TV commercials of the little girl would serve out the term. with a daisy being blown up in an atomic The Presidential Succession Act of 1792 holocaust, all because of Goldwater, accord­ was passed by the Second Congress, which HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL ing to the Johnson scriptwriters. Johnson contained a number of men who had been OF ILLINOIS once said: "I'm President of the United States and I can do any goddam thing I want to." at the Constitutional Convention five years IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES before. It shows, among other things, that And he did. So it wasn't surprising that in a the Founding Fathers hardly regarded the Thursday, November 8, 1973 few months after his election, the Messiah of four-year election system as sacrosanct. But peace out-Goldwatered Goldwater, hobbling the law had certain ambiguities. Did it in­ Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, I want to us in a war unlike any other in our history. tend that the newly elected President only bring to the attention of my colleagues I felt at the tim" that Johnson was a serve out the rest of the regular four-year ·the editorial opinion of an old friend of dangerous hypocrite and the thousands of term? It can be considered that this is im­ mine, now publisher of the Courier in Ot­ crosses in the jungles of Southeast Asia now plicit in the failure to provide for the syn­ tumwa, Iowa. attest to that truth. And surprisingly-or is chronization of presidential and congres­ In a time like this when all we seem to it surprisingly?-the fawning liberal press sional elections and in the restriction of the be getting from much of the media is praised Johnson as a hero upon his death, special election to the first three years to the Impeachment never crossed their minds. term. something akin to hysteria, it is refresh­ Yet these same critics are yelping at On the other hand, such eminent consti­ ing to see that Jerry Moriarity is still dis­ Nixon's heels, even though it was Nixon tutional authorities as Herbert Wechsler and playing that good, old-fashioned brand who brought that ugly war to a conclusion. Paul Freund argue that this reading of the of horsesense that we all need to help us For the first time in a generation America act is incompatible with Article II, Section put things in perspective and use reason is at peace. For the first time in more than 1, of the Constitution which provides that and good judgment in our evaluation of a score of years, no American servi~man is the President "shall hold his Office during what is happening nationally. dying in combat. the Term of four Years." Tha;t argument I insert his editorial, "A Plea for And it was Nixon who broke down the bar­ would be conclusive if the Constitution had riers separating the U.S. f~om both Red said "during a Term of four Years." "The Sanity" at this point in the RECORD: China and the Soviet Union, no small ac­ Term" may refer to the regularly scheduled A PLEA FOR SANITY-HAS OUR PERSPECTIVE complishment under any standards. term and thus leaves at least a millimeter of BEEN LOST? To understand Watergate, it is wise tore­ doubt. Constitutional authorities, as James (By Jerry Moriarity) flect on the America Nixon inherited as Wechsler wrote in an interesting column Will not one sane voice be raised in these President. Cities were burning. We&thermen last week in The New York Post, also assume t"nited States With a plea for reasonableness revolutionaries were blowing up buildings, that the special election would coincide with in judging President Richard Nixon? occasionally themselves. Civil disobedience the mid-term congressional election, thereby WUl not just one politician abandon the was the pattern. President Johnson could solving the synchronization problem. This vitriolric, hysteria-creating rhetoric long not even attend the Democratic convention assumption, however, finds little sustenance enough to ask what is being done to our in Chicago, so ugly was the mood. Candidate in the language of the act, which calls only country? And why? Eugene McCarthy couidn't get from h1s hotel for elections in the first available November. Will not just one editor, embraced by his to the convention hall because of demonstra­ REENACT THE 1792 LAW? own obsessions over a shield law, honestly tors on the streets. Yippies rioted in the In any case, the Presidential Succession admit that others, even Presidents, have parks, foul words written on their foreheads; Act of 1792 is hardly a triumph of lucid rights to privacy also? Even on tape. some with their pants' fronts opened, expos­ draf•tsmanship, even though it may not quite As an interested observer on the presiden­ ing themselves. Others contented themselves watTant the harsh judgment of the great tial scene since the days of Harry S. Truman with throwing human waste at the harassed constitutional scholar E. S Corwin: "It is (although earlier I had heard and seen both Chicago police. I was happy to get away from unlikely that Congress ever passed a more Franklin D. Roosevelt and AI Smith) it is that scene. ill-considered law." Might not there now be distressing to see how this once vigorous na­ And can you honestly say conditions in point in Congress's returning to the Found­ tion is being torn asunder in the wake of the the U.S. are worse now under Nixon? You've ing Fathers and reenacting the law of 1792? sordid Watergate debacle. got to be lying in your teeth! Obviously the timing of the special election Nixon now is being condemned as a Hitler­ Honk for impeachment, if you will. The and the length of the subsequent term would figure, as an immoral politician, incapable of sounds can be heard again over the still have to be clarified. Perhaps the election leading this nation. Impeachment looms on land; a few years ago they would have been should be held within 90 days of the double the horizon. drowned in the cacophony of discontent. November 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36461 OBJECTIONS TO SONNENFELDT hope that you may, in the interest of even­ 8. Witness: General Haig and Henry A. Kis­ CONFIRMATION MUST BE AN­ handedness, call these matters to the at­ singer-Named by former Presidential Coun­ tention of your Committee members and sellor Mollenoff as one of two White House SWERED-PART XII other senators in a supplemental report. My aides (the other was Dr. Henry Kissinger) to list, while long, is not by any means compre­ whom he provided the very information, the hensive. Finance Committee was investigating. Noth­ HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK ing was done by Gen. Haig or Dr. Kissinger OF OHIO Item and nature of the information or evidence unreported with this information (T. p. 98) Congress­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES man Ashbrook in a letter to Senator Long 1. Mr. Otepka had more to say-(Transcript notes that something was done. As soon as Thursday, November 8, 1973 p. 128) "Chairman Long (to witness Otepka): Mollenhoff left the White House, Sonnenfeldt Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, over ". . . there is a lot more you should be was promoted to FS0-1. (T. p. 107} asked to tell us about . . . I may have to 9. Witness: "Sid" Goldberg-Mr. Goldberg, a nwnber of months I have called to the ask one of our staff people to sit with you ... attention of Members of Congress state­ a publisher and journalist for over 22 years or else ask you to come back before the com­ in the special field of personnel practices of ments, newspaper accounts and other mittee .... I have to leave at this point, but the Federal Governmeit, received first-hand information raising questions concern­ this is a matter that I think will have to be informat::.on about the "sanitizing" of Son­ ing the nomination of Mr. Helmut cleared up." In fact, there were a lot of mat­ nenfeldt's security file just prior to Sonnen­ Sonnenfeldt as Under Secretary. Anum­ ters raised by the Otepka testimony that feldt's lateral entrance into the U.S. diplo­ ber of witnesses have testified before the never were clarified, but neither Sen. Long, matic service at the rank of FS0-1 (equiva­ Senate Finance Committee in opposition nor any staff member requested further clari­ lent to major general. (T. p. 155) Mr. Gold­ fication, and little of this appears in the berg was not called by the committee. to his confirmation. The hearings began transcript. 15 10. Witness: Jesse M. Macknight-Yet an­ on May were finally concluded on 2. Mr. Koczak asks permission to submit other witness available to testify that the October 2 and the committee voted to new statement--Mr. Koczak, caught by sur­ materials reviewed by the panel convened to approve his confirmation. prise, testified on October 1, extemporane­ bring Sonnenfeldt into the diplomatic service The Senate hearings provided a ously. He asked for permission to testify and were specially screened. (T. 156) He was not dramatic note when Mr. Sonnenfeldt, elaborate on his extemporaneous remarks of called by the Committee. Mr. Stephen Koczak and Mr. Otto October 1 (Transcript p. 89-98). He reported 11. Witness: FBI Agent name not known­ Otepka gave confticting testimony under (T., p. 141) that the Senate Finance Com­ Named by Mr. Koczak (T. p. 93) as detailed mittee Staff will not accept a letter clarify­ to covert security operation, this is the agent oath, suggesting the possibility of per­ ing false statements published in the New who investigated the Sonnenfeldt matter. jury. York Times. His full remarks, under oath, Name requested by Congressman Ashbrook What started out as a pro forma con­ were given to the !chord Committee of the (Congressional Record of November 1, 1973, firmation hearing, now has become the House of Representatives today, 7 November, p. 35705.) Not called by the Committee. subject of much controversy. To illus­ 1973, but the revealing testimony on discrep­ 12. Three U.S. Diplomats, the FSO Exam trate the complexity of the case, I am ancies in Sonnenfeldt's testimony to the Panel-This group routinely okayed Sonnen­ inserting into the RECORD two letters Finance Committee has been denied to the feldt's fraudulent entry into the US diplo­ senators asked to vote on the basis of the matic service at the rank of FS0-1 (they to Senator RUSSELL LONG, chairman Of Finance Committee's Report. probably did not know that fraud was in­ the Senate Finance Committee from Mr. 3. Perjury-One can not read the Sonnen­ volved.) The panel consisted of Amb. Mar­ John Hemenway, who was the first feldt Hearing Record carefully without being garet Joy Tibbits, Howard L. Persons, and opposition witness on May 15. A copy aware of the likely possibility that perjury Alan Fidel. (T. p. 28.} of my news release, to be released on has been committed. For this reason I wrote 13. Witness: Jane Dannenhauer and Fred Friday, November 9, dealing with the to the US Attorney for the District of Co­ F. Fielding-staff assistant in charge of the case and hearings now being currently lumbia and to the Acting Attorney General White House Security Office named by Sec­ held by the House Internal Security on November 1, 1973 asking these officials to retary Shultz (T. p. 110) as reviewing of­ investigate the matter. These letters, along ficer (together with Fred F. Fielding) on the Committee is also included: with Congressman Ashbrook's own letter to various security checks on Mr. Sonnenfeldt WASHINGTON, D.C., the Attorney General bearing on the identity (T. p. 110). The problem is that, according Nov. 7, 1973. of an FBI Agent in the matter (see below) to Mr. Otepka (T. p. 111) there are numer­ Senator RussELL B. LoNG, were published in the Congressional Record ous serious discrepancies which remain un­ Chairman, Committee on Finance, U.S. Sen­ of November 1, 1973, p. 35705. resolved by the statements or reviews of ate, Washington, D .C. 4. Witness: Francis Niland-Mentioned by Miss Dannenhauer and Mr. Fielding. The DEAR MR. CHAmMAN: Issues, such as the Mr. Otepka (T. p. 127 and T. p. 128) as a Committee did not pursue this line of Integrity of witnesses and the sanctity of key witness to confirm Mr. Opteka's own inquiry. ·public documents and records, brought into sworn testimony as to improper activities of 14. Witness: Mr. Otepka.'s Secretary­ public focus by the Senate Select Committee Mr. Sonnenfeldt. He was not called, but was Named by Mr. Otepka (T. p. 126) as having <>n Watergate, provide the background interviewed by one of the Committee. There transcribed the wire taps on Mr. Sonnen­ against which many current events are is no record of that interview in the Com­ feldt. These wire taps provided the solid judged. mittee record. basis for knowing that Mr. Sonnenfeldt was The Nomination of Helmut Sonenfeldt 5. Witness: Hugh Cumming-Named by not telling the truth on several material (and others), in the Finance Committee's Mr. Otepka as of the opinion that Mr. Son­ points during official investigations. Was publication of the Confirmation Hearings of nenfeldt had a propensity to divulge classi­ not called by the Committee. May 15, 1973, October 1 and 2, 1973 cannot fied information to unauthorized persons. The above list of uncalled witnesses and escape the Watergate context and re-exami­ Cumming was Director of the Bureau of In­ unresolved matters is not complete. It sim­ nation of standards. telligence and in a position to corroborate ply serves to give you an idea of the kind of Therefore, the large number of matters Opteka. He was not called by the Committee. problem I believed important enough to left unresolved in your Committee report 6. Witness: Herbert Lampe-Named by call to your attention. Clearly, the facts are struck me. They are important matters, par­ Journalist Paul Scott (T. p. 152) as the man not all in, yet, and some of the facts that ticularly if senators voting on the matter of in the security division of the Department of are in the record suggest strongly that per­ confirmation are of the belief that the Fi­ State who "sat on the wire tap" on Sonnen­ jury has been committed during the Hear­ nance Committee looked into all of the feldt for over a year. He was not called by ing and that Sonnenfeldt's chief qualifica­ evidence available concerning Mr. Sonnen­ the Committee. tion for being Under Secretary of the Treas­ feldt's qualifications for high office. 7. Witness: Morris Ernst-Named by John ury is the fact that he has a close personal I appreciate your sense of fair play in per­ Hemenway as the Director of Economic Re­ friendship with Mr. Henry Kissinger, now mitting me to testify before your Committee, search for CIA who asserts that Mr. Helmut Secretary of State. even though you support the nomination of Sonnenfeldt and the NSC staff were kept in­ It may not be significant, in the view of Helmut Sonnenfeldt and you know I op­ formed of all aspects of intelligence concern­ some, that Mr. Sonnenfeldt claimed to be posed it. However, left unresolved are im­ ing the grain deal with the Soviets and fac­ handling all Soviet and European matters portant matters relating to Mr. Sonnenfeldt's tors that could affect it on a day-by-day basis for Mr. Kissinger in the NSC. However, when personal integrity. This matter, 1n turn is related to every citizen's respect for and trust in Hemenway's letter to Senator Long of 6 asked several times (see point #7, above} in the honesty with which his government November, 1973. Sonnenfeldt's responses to about the disastrous grain deal with the manages the affairs of this Republic. Senator Byrd (Va.) disclaim any intimate Soviet Union that has cost the US Govern­ Counting again on your sense of fairness, knowledge of the grain deal and all respon­ ment billions of dollars, so far, Sonnenfeldt I have set down a. number of matters that sibility for it. (See especially, T.p. 76, and claimed: "That happens to be one negotia­ were not resolved by your Committee during also, T. p. 77, 78, 84, 61, 59, 58, 56, and 55.) tion ... I did not participate in." the limited time it actually devoted to the Mr. Sonnenfeldt's veracity on this point was Sonnenfeldt never did answer Senator matter of Mr. Sonnenfeldt's qualifications. I not probed by the Committee. Byrd's follow-up question, "Surely you had 36462 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 8, 1973 some input in regard to that Soviet grain uments. This correspondence was published leap in this hysteria. I submit to the deal, did you not? (T. p. 76, bottom of the in the attached Congressional Record en­ RECORD the following article by Ben page.) closed. Just as you may feel you have done Cole of the Indianapolis Star for consid­ Most Congressmen and U.S. Senators are your duty in this matter, you will under­ very concerned for the plight of the millions stand that I, too, must do my duty as I see eration by my colleagues. of average Americans paying taxes they find it. THE INSTANT HYSTERIA SYNDROME difficult to pay. With his mentor, Secretary Sincerely yours, (By Ben Cole) Kissinger, this potential Under Secretary of JOHN D. HEMENWAY. WAsHINGTON.-The four-day hubbub over the Treasury has just participated in a $5 President Nixon's shakeup of the Justice De­ billion fiscal and strategic mistake that is [News release) partment ought to inspire some retlections going to have to be paid for by thousands WASHINGTON .-congressman John M. Ash­ on the instant hysteria syndrome in modern of taxpayers. What will they think of Mr. brook (R-Ohio), ranking minority Member America. Sonnenfeldt's answer to one of Senator of the House Internal Security Committee According to Gen. Alexander Haig, the Byrd's discerning probes: (HCIS) stated today that the identities are President's top assistant, the White House "Sonnenfeldt: Well, I come from a back­ known of a number of people at the White failed to anticipate the furious reaction that ground, Senator, in Europe, where high taxes House, Justice Department, State Depart­ ensued when Mr. Nixon fired Watergate have prevailed for generations." (T. p. 135.) ment, Civil Service Commission and the Prosecutor Archibald Cox, when Deputy At­ Senator Mondale has claimed that the Treasury Department who have been in­ torney-General William D. Ruckelshaus position for which Mr. Sonnenfeldt is volved at various times and in varying de­ either quit or was discharged, and when At­ being considered is ". . . one of the most grees in the controversial case of Helmut torney General Elliot Richardson resigned. important in American government." (T. p. Sonnenfeldt, the present nominee for Under The pros and cons of it all are still being 88). Surely, therefore, the unresolved mat­ Secretary of the Treasury. Ashbrook ques­ talked about, although the discussion is less ters cited above which retlect adversely on tioned the effectiveness of the Federal Civi­ impassioned since the President's latter day Mr. Sonnenfeldt's personal integrity should lian Employee Loyalty-Security Program, decision to let Federal Judge John Sirica lis­ be resolved or at least clarified before he is now under review by the Committee, as it ten to those controverted White House tapes. permitted to occupy a post of such relates to the Sonnenfeldt case in which in a But what is important is the suddenness importance. recent development contlicting testimony by with which the obviously tempestuous White I offer you the above comments on the Sonnenfeldt, Stephen Koczak and Otto Otep­ House action stirred national emotions-and Hearing Record, Senator Long, in the hope ka under oath before a Senate Committee the manner in which they were aroused. that you may wish to make it available to suggests the possibility of perjury. Mr. Nixon evidently came to the conclu­ your colleagues in the senate before they In citing the Sonnenfeldt case and the sion that Cox must go right after the Water­ are asked either to confirm or deny confirma­ Federal security program, the Ohio Con­ gate prosecutor announced he would refuse to tion to Mr. Helmut Sonnenfeldt to be Under gressman referred to a number of individuals accept extracts of those disputed tapes, and Secretary of the Treasury. as potential Committee witnesses at an open would go to court to get the real thing. Mr. Sincerely yours, session of a subcommittee of HCIS on Novem­ Nixon, in fact, never exactly fawned on Cox, JOHN D. HEMENWAY. ber 7 just before the subcommittee voted to anyway. go into executive session to hear Koczak, When Richardson resigned rather than do who has accused Sonnenfeldt of leaking the firing, the job was passed to Ruckelshaus, WASHINGTON, D.C., highly classified information to a foreign who said he was conscience bound, too. So out November 6, 1973. power. went the youthful Hoosier star in the ad­ Senator RUSSELL LONG, Congressman Ashbrook stated: ministration. Senate Finance Committee, "There are a number of people both in and All this happened in the space of hours U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. out of government who might well be of and broke on the TV networks approximate­ DEAR MR. CHAmMAN: That Mr. Helmut great help to HCIS in its application of the ly at the Saturday dinner hour. At least one Sonnenfeldt did not respond honestly or Federal program to the Sonnenfeldt case. young TV announcer, filmed on the White truthfully to questions put to him by mem­ Whether perjury was committed or not, the House lawn, was so excited by it all that he bers of your Committee was confirmed once importance of an individual case is secon­ was visibly trembling. again by additional information that has dary to a true evaluation and possible revi­ And then came the hours upon end of been made by available to me. sion of a program designed to insure suitable analysis, commentary, mao-on-the-street re­ Mr. Morris Ernst, Director of Economic and trustworthy employees for Federal serv­ action interviews that whipped up excite­ Research for CIA confirms to my informants ice. The conduct of key Federal employees ment in the populace as the weekend con­ that Mr. Helmut Sonnenfeldt, specifically involved in the Watergate affair attests to tinued. By Sunday, the available figures of along with Mr. Clarence Palmby and the en­ this." prominence were adding their nickel's worth tire technical staff of the Department of Ag­ Ashbrook cited his experier~ce with the on the TV panel and talk shows. riculture and the NSC were kept informed of Treasury Department and the Civil Service When Congress convened on Tuesday, all aspects of intelligence concerning the Commission in eliciting information on the cries of impeachment rang deafeningly be­ wheat deal and factors that could affect it Sonnenfeldt case: neath the great cast iron dome of the Cap­ on a day-by-day basis. "In listing the various investigations of itol. The press galleries were crowded with You will recall that, during Senator Byrd's Mr. Sonnenfeldt, both Treasury and CSC correspondents who practically never put in (Virginia) intensive questioning of Mr. Son­ omitted investigations in the 1959-61 period appearances except in times of greatest nenfeldt concerning the US/USSR grain involving the FBI, State Department secu­ transitory excitement. transaction, Mr. Sonnenfeldt claimed that he rity investigators, the use of the lie detector And when at last Mr. Nixon decided to was uninformed in this matter. He acknowl­ and phone taps to discover whether Mr. Son­ hand over the tapes, the decision detlated edged that practically all other East/West ar­ nenfeldt was leaking classified information. it all so quickly that the relaxation was rangements were under his direction except Furthermore, the CSC's Security Investiga­ even visible. The press gallery was almost the wheat deal, on which he was not really tions Index which lists all personnel inves­ empty, shouts of impeachment dropped to kept informed. tigation:; and is used by Federal investigators conversational pitch. If you will review the transcript (published is of questioned reliability if the Sonnenfeldt Without taking up the merits of the Presi­ yesterday) you may find that Mr. Sonnen­ dent's actions, it is possible to see a great feldt's responses to Sen. Byrd's questions case is any indicator. The Index shows no investigations between 1955 and 1966, in­ danger in the abruptness of the reaction. It lack a certain quality of native candor. was as though the whole United States with Since I understand that the Committee dicating the deliberate withholding from esc of pertinent information required under its teeming millions were a little town. All has reported out of Committee the nomina­ at once there ran a report that a dire crime tion of Mr. Helmut Sonnenfeldt to be Under the Federal Civilian Employee Loyalty, Se­ curity Program." had been committed. Who's the culprit? Secretary of the Treasury, I felt that you Then word spread that it was the mysterious should be informed of these facts attributed person living alone on the edge of town. to Mr. Ernst. I would be glad to reveal my All it took was one resonant voice crying, source if you indicate a genuine interest in THE INSTANT HYSTERIA SYNDROME "The rope!" and off galloped the townsmen, tracking this matter down. I understand that no longer possessed of reason but trans­ Senators Talmadge, Byrd (Va.) and Mondale were absent when the vote was taken in Com­ formed into a mob. mittee-vote you asserted was unanimous. HON. EARL F. LANDGREBE Television is a miracle that is with us, and it will continue be with us for the rest Since this might be a matter of importance OF INDIANA to of our lives. What is more, the way the TV­ to you, the Committee, and to them, I am IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES hand-delivering this letter, as indicated, this news industry uses that medium is up to afternoon, with copies to the absent sena­ Thursday, November 8, 1973 its own people. And it would be dangerous to suggest anything else. tors. Mr. LANDGREBE. Mr. Speaker, hys­ You also should know that I have re­ So TV is a fact, and the danger that it can quested the Attorney General (Acting) to teria has surrounded the entire Water­ produce the instant hysteria syndrome is al­ examine the Sonnenfeldt hearing transcripts gate affair, and recent event in the Jus­ ways present. These things cannot be for the clearly probable case of perjury it doc- tice Department have caused a quantum changed. November 9, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 36463 But humans are adaptable. The American ronment and learn how to deal with their must always keep in mind, as well, the swift­ people must come to realize that this in­ own reactions. ness with which the word is spread, for bet­ stant communication is part of their envi- Politicians up to and including presidents ter or for worse.

SENATE-Friday, November 9, 1973 The Senate met at 11 a.m. and was and the Joint Committee on Atomic nor cause serious damage to the airline called to order by Hon. JAMES B. ALLEN, Energy. The message is as follows: industry. a Senator from the State of Alabama. Third, there will be reductions of ap­ To the Congress of the United States: proximately 15 percent in the supply of PRAYER As America has grown and prospered heating oil for homes, offices and other in recent years, our demands for energy establishments. This is a precautionary The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward have begun to outstrip available supplies. L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following measure to ensure that the oil now avail­ prayer: Along with other major industrialized able not be consumed early in the win­ nations, we are now faced with the pros­ ter, so that we shall have adequate Almighty God, who hast revealed Thy­ pect of shortages for several years to amounts available in the later months. self in a Carpenter-Physician-Teacher, come. This step will make it necessary for all make known Thyself to us in the quiet Two years ago, in the first energy mes­ of us to live and work in lower tempera­ discharge of each day's duty, ennobling sage ever sent to the Congress by a tures. We must ask everyone to lower the all our labor by doing it as unto Thee. President of the United States, I called thermostat in his home by at least 6 de­ Keep ever before us the vision of Thy­ attention to the looming energy prob­ grees, so that we can achieve a national self in the common things of every day, lem. Since that time, I have repeatedly daytime average of 68 degrees. In offices, that we may find a divine calling serv­ warned that the problem might become factories and commercial establishments ing our fellowman in this place. We pray a full-blown crisis, and seeking to mini­ we must ask that the equivalent of a 10- not for tasks fitted to our strength but mize shortages, I have taken a number degree reduction be achieved by either for strength which fits us for our tasks. of administrative steps to increase sup­ lowering the thermostat or curtailing When we ask Thee "to forgive us our plies and reduce consumption. Earlier working hours. trespasses" may we be sure "to forgive this year, I also sent more than a half Fourth, there will be additional reduc­ those who trespass against us." Gather dozen urgent legislative proposals to the tions in the consumption of energy by the President, all legislators, all jurists, Congress. While none of these has yet the Federal Government, cutting even all those in the diplomatic and military been enacted, I am hopeful at least sev­ deeper than the 7 percent reduction that services, and all citizens of this great eral of the measures will be ready for my I ordered earlier this year. This new land under the shelter of Thy forgive­ signature before year's end. reduction will affect the operations of ness, Thy mercy, and Thy love that the Unfortunately, the energy crisis that every agency and department in the Nation may live righteously as "one na­ once seemed a distant threat to many Government, including the Defense De­ tion under God." people is now closing upon us quickly. partment, which has already led the way In Thy holy name we pray. Amen. We had expected moderate shortages of in previous cutbacks. As one of the steps energy this winter, but four weeks ago, in this Federal effort, I have ordered when war broke out in the Middle East, that daytime temperatures in Federal APPOINTMENT OF ACTING PRESI­ most of our traditional suppliers in that offices be reduced to a level between 65 DENT PRO TEMPORE area cut of! their shipments of oil to the and 68 degrees. I have also ordered that The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk United States. Their action has now all vehicles owned by the Federal Gov­ will please read a communication to the sharply changed our expectations for the ernment be driven no faster than 50 Senate from the President pro tempore coming months. miles per hour except in emergencies. (Mr. EASTLAND). Largely because of the war, we must This is a step which I have also asked The second assistant legislative clerk face up to the stark fact that we are Governors, mayors, and other local read the following letter: heading toward the most acute shortages officials to take immediately with regard U.S. SENATE, of energy since the Second World War. to vehicles under their authority. PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, Of the 17 million barrels of oil a day that Fifth, I have asked the Atomic Energy Washington, D.C., November 9, 1973. we would ordinarily consume this win­ Commission to speed up the licensing and To the Senate: ter, more than two million barrels a day construction of nuclear plants, seeking Being temporarily absent from the Sen­ will no longer be available to us. Instead to reduce the time required to bring ate on official duties, I appoint Hon. JAMES of a shortage of approximately 2-3 per­ nuclear plants on line from ten years to B. ALLEN, a Senator from the State of Ala­ cent that we had anticipated this winter, six years. bama, to perform the duties of the Chair we now expect that our supply of petro­ during my absence. Sixth, I have also asked Govemors and JAMES 0. EASTLAND, leum will be at least 10 percent short of mayors to reinforce these actions by President pro tempore. our anticipated demands-and could fall taking appropriate steps at the State short by as much as 17 percent. and local level. Among the steps which Mr. ALLEN thereupon took the chair ADMINISTRATION ACTIONS TO MEET THE I believe would be helpful are these : as Acting President pro tempore. EMERGENCY staggering of working hours, the en­ Faced with this emergency, I believe couragement of mass transit and car­ that we must move forward immediately pooling, alteration of school schedules, MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT on two fronts: administrative and legis­ and elimination of unnecessary lighting. Messages in writing from the Presi­ lative. I have also recommended to the Gov­ dent of the United States were com­ In a speech to the Nation last night, I emors that, consistent with safety and municated to the Senate by Mr. Marks, announced a number of immediate ac­ economic considerations, they seek to re­ one of his secretaries. tions: duce highway speed limits to 50 miles per First, industries and utilities which hour. This step alone could save over 200,000 barrels of oil a day. THE ENERGY CRISIS-MESSAGE use coal-our most abundant resource-­ NEED FOR EMERGENCY LEGISLATION will be prevented from converting to oil. FROM THE PRESIDENT As essential as these actions are to Efforts will also be made to convert power the solution of our immediate problem, The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ plants from the use of oil to the use of pore