History and Culture of (From Early Times to 1336)

Programme ಕಾರ್ಯ响ರ ಮ BA Subject 풿ಷರ್ History and Archaeology Semester �ಕ್ಷ貾ವ鲿 V University 풿ಶ್ವ 풿ದ್ಯಾ ಲರ್ Karnatak University, Dharwad Session ಅವ鲿 10 Title : Pre-Historic Period

Sub Title: : Introduction Classification of Pre- Historic Period

Learning Objectives

Make students to understand the Pre-Historic period of Karnataka and the stages of , Session Out Comes

Students will visualize the Evolution of Man & classification of stone age, Evolution of Man

https://www.venelogia.com/uploads/2014/evolucion-hominidos.JPG

Proconsul Plioplithecus Australopithecus Homo Habilis Homo Erectus Neanderthal Homo sapiens

Introduction  Prehistoric period may be defined as the study of man from his evolution to the invention of script.  The history of mankind before the invention of script is called as .  The branch of Archaeology which deals with the study of the initial phase of human history is called as prehistory.  The Prehistory deals with the origin and growth of human societies before the advent of writing system.  It was based on the man made tools and artifacts.  This period begins from 2.5 million years ago to 5000 years ago.

Introduction………. • Robert Bruce Foote an officer of Geological survey of discovered first Palaeolithic tools at Pallavaram near Chennai, Tamilnadu in 1863. • After Pallavaram Bruce Foote discovered Palaeolithic tools at Khyad in Gulbarga district of Karnataka in 1863. • Robert Bruce Foote’s contribution to Archaeology & Prehistory, that he has been regarded as the “Father of Indian prehistory” he is also called as the father of Indian Archaeology” Introduction………. • Prehistoric study of Karnataka where most of the districts provides the information of earliest man’s life. This made Karnataka as the earliest and unique region in India. • The Archaeologist like Meadows Taylor, Mortimer Wheeler, Dr. H.D. Sankalia,Dr. M.Sheshadri, Dr. M.S. Nagraj Rao, Alchin, Subba Rao, K. Paddayya, B.K. Thapar, M.H. Krishna, Dr. Ravi Korishetter. Were discovered different Prehistoric sites in Karnataka.

Classification of Prehistory or Stone age

• Prehistoric period is divided on the basis of geological age, the type and of stone tools and subsistence base.

• In 1865 Sir John Lubbock divided stone age in to two parts as Palaeolithic and . • By the end of 19th century Mesolithic was introduced between Palaeolithic & Neolithic. • Edouard Lartet suggested the division of Palaeolithic age in to three period

Palaeolithic Stone Tools

https://www.britannica.com/event/Paleolithic-Period Mesolithic Stone tools

https://www.generalknowledgebook.com/2019/03/mesolithic-age.html Neolithic Stone tools

https://www.gulf-times.com/story/457574/Lecture-on-Neolithic-Cultures-of-the- Eastern-Anato In 1863 John Lubbock divided stone age in to two parts as Palaeolithic and Neolithic.

Prehistory/Stone Age

Palaeolithic Neolithic Mesolithic or recently added

Prehistory/Stone Age

Palaeolithic Mesolithic Neolithic Edouard Lartet suggested the division of Palaeolithic age in to

Palaeolithic

Lower Middle Upper Palaeolithic Palaeolithic Palaeolithic Date of earliest human settlements

Palaeolithic age : 2 Million years ago to 10000 years ago.

Mesolithic age : 10,000 years ago to 5000 years ago.

Neolithic age : 5000 years ago to 1000 years ago. Date of Palaeolithic settlements

• Lower Palaeolithic age : 2 Million years ago to 1,00,00 years ago.

• Middle Palaeolithic age : 1,00,000 years ago to 40,000 years ago.

• Upper Palaeolithic age : 40,000 years ago to 10,000 years ago. Geological time scale • The Paleaolithic Culture belongs to Pleistocene geological era. • Mesolithic and Neolithic Culture belongs to Holocene geological era. • Pleistocene is referred as last Ice age or the last glacial period. • Holocene has been identified as current warm period. MCQ’s 1. The period before the invention of script is called as__. a) History b) Prehistory c) Proto History d) world history 2. In 1863 John Lubbock divided stone age in to how many parts? a) 3 b) 4 c) 5 d) 2 3. Who suggested the division of Palaeolithic age ? a) Bruce Foote b) Wheeler c) Edouard Lartet d) Sankalia 4. Who was regarded as the father of Indian Prehistory ? a) Dr. Subba Rao b) Taylor c) Alchin d) Robert Bruce Foote 5. The Paleaolithic culture belongs to which geological era ? a) Pleistocene b) Holocene c) Pre Ice age d) Warm period

Answers

1. Prehistory 2. 2 3. Edouard Lartet 4. Robert Bruce Foote 5. Pleistocene.

References • Phalaksha : History of Karnataka • 蒾. ಬಸವ삾ಜ ಅಕ್ಕಿ : 响ꂾಟ9响ದ ಇ邿ಸ ಮತ್ತು ಸಿ ೃ邿 • ¥Á¯ÁPÀë : 响ꂾಟ9响ದ ಇ邿ಸ • ²ªÀgÀÄzÀæ¸Áé«Ä: 响ꂾಟ9响ದ ¥ËæqsÀ ಇ邿ಸ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀA¸ÀÌøw