A Thesis Submitted in Partial Satisfaction of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science In
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Geologic and Geophysical Maps of the Santa Maria and Part of the Point Conception 30'×60' Quadrangles, California
Geologic and Geophysical Maps of the Santa Maria and Part of the Point Conception 30'×60' Quadrangles, California Pamphlet to accompany Scientific Investigations Map 3472 Supersedes USGS Open-File Reports 95–25 and 92–189 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover. Looking northwest from near Zaca Creek to Zaca Ridge on the east edge of the map area (see pamphlet figure 2 for location of Zaca Creek and Zaca Ridge). Hills in foreground are underlain by gently dipping early Pleistocene and upper Pliocene Paso Robles Formation locally overlain by late Pleistocene fluvial terrace deposits. Zaca Ridge, the high peak on the skyline at left edge of photo, is underlain by folded Miocene Monterey Formation. Photograph taken by Donald S. Sweetkind, U.S. Geological Survey, September 2010. Geologic and Geophysical Maps of the Santa Maria and Part of the Point Conception 30’×60’ Quadrangles, California By Donald S. Sweetkind, Victoria E. Langenheim, Kristin McDougall-Reid, Christopher C. Sorlien, Shiera C. Demas, Marilyn E. Tennyson, and Samuel Y. Johnson Pamphlet to accompany Scientific Investigations Map 3472 Supersedes USGS Open-File Reports 95–25 and 92–189 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2021 Supersedes USGS Open-File Reports 95–25 and 92–189 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit https://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit https://store.usgs.gov/. -
Flora and Ecology of the Santa Monica Mountains Edited by D.A
Flora and Ecology of the Santa Monica Mountains Edited by D.A. Knapp. 2007. Southern California Botanists, Fullerton, CA. 159 FREEZING TOLERANCE IMPACTS CHAPARRAL SPECIES DISTRIBUTION IN THE SANTA MONICA MOUNTAINS Stephen D. Davis1, R. Brandon Pratt2, Frank W. Ewers3, and Anna L. Jacobsen4 1Natural Science Division Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA 90263 [email protected]. 2Department of Biology California State University, Bakersfield Bakersfield, CA 93311 [email protected] 3Biological Sciences Department California State Polytechnic University, Pomona Pomona, CA 91768 [email protected] 4Michigan State University Department of Plant Biology East Lansing, MI 48824 [email protected] ABSTRACT: A shift in chaparral species composition occurs from coastal to inland sites of the Santa Monica Mountains of southern California. Past studies have attributed this pattern to differential adaptations of chaparral species to gradients in moisture and solar radiation. We examined an alternate hypothesis, that shifts in species composition from coastal to inland sites is a result of differential response to freezing and the interactions of freezing with drought. Coastal sites rarely experience air temperatures below 0 °C whereas just 5 to 6 km inland, cold valleys experience temperatures as low as -12 °C. Seasonal drought can last 6 to 8 months and may extend, on rare occasions, into the month of December, coincidental with the onset of winter freeze. Either water stress or freezing, by independent mechanisms, can induce embolism in stem xylem and block water transport from soil to leaves, leading to branchlet dieback or whole shoot death. Water stress in combination with freezing may enhance xylem embolism formation. Post- fire seedlings are especially vulnerable because of greater tissue sensitivity to freezing injury, diminutive roots that preclude access to deep soil moisture or resprout success, and greater exposure to nighttime radiation freezes after canopy removal by fire. -
Nitrogen Cycling and Export in California Chaparral: the Role of Climate in Shaping Ecosystem Responses to Fire
Ecological Monographs, 87(1), 2017, pp. 76–90 © 2016 by the Ecological Society of America Nitrogen cycling and export in California chaparral: the role of climate in shaping ecosystem responses to fire ERIN J. HANAN,1,2,4 CHRISTINA (NAOMI) TAGUE,3 AND JOSHUA P. SCHIMEL1 1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106 USA 2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 USA 3Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106 USA Abstract. Climate change models predict that interannual rainfall variability will increase in California over the next several decades; these changes will likely influence how frequently California ecosystems burn and how they respond to fire. Fires uncouple N mobilization from uptake by destroying plant biomass and increasing nitrification. Following fire, autumn and winter rains can leach N into streams from slopes that have been denuded. The amount of N − exported depends on how rapidly soil microbes metabolize it into mobile forms such as NO3 , and the rate that recovering plants take up available N. However, the long-term effects of a changing climate on postfire N dynamics remain unknown. We used the ecohydrologic model RHESSys (regional hydro- ecologic simulation system) to evaluate how interannual climate variability may affect the magnitude of N mineralization, nitrification, N export, and plant recovery following fire. N export was highest when fire was followed by drought; even though there was less water moving through the system, dry conditions prolonged the period during which N mobilization was decoupled from plant uptake. -
Flora and Fauna Values
includes many endemic species – those species found nowhere else in the world except for within one specific region. Roughly 30 endemic animal As part of one of the top 35 global biodiversity hotspots, species and 35 endemic plant species are found in the Santa Barbara Santa Barbara County is home to a remarkable array of region.6 Many have evolved in this area of California because of geograph- species, habitats and transition zones which stem from the ic isolation, rare soil substrates, and limited mobility. Examples of endemic regions unique mix of topography and climate.1 The species in the County include the Lompoc kangaroo rat, kinsel oak, and the FLORA AND County is unique within the California Floristic Province Santa Barbara jewel flower. Many other species are endemic to our region (the biodiversity hotspot the County is in) as it has fewer of California but are found outside the County including the Mount Pinos FAUNA developed or altered natural landscapes than other parts chipmunk, black bellied slender salamander and Cristina’s timema. of the hotspot; this adds to the value for conservation within Santa Barbara County. Vegetation provides habitat and home for the many unique and common animal species in the County, and varies greatly from north to Vegetation communities and species from California’s south, east to west, and often from valley to valley. Of the 31 vegetation Central Coast and South Coast, the Sierra Nevada, and the macrogroups found in California, 19 are found within Santa Barbara San Joaquin Valley can all be found locally due to conver- County.9 Chaparral is the most common vegetation type in the County gence of four ecoregions within the County: Southern and covers much of the upland watersheds where it also serves as a California Coast, Southern California Mountains and Central Coast riverine, riparian ecosystems, and wetlands provide some of natural buffer against erosion. -
Field Trip Guide to Deposition and Diagenesis of the Monterey Formation, Santa Barbara and Santa Maria Areas, California
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Field trip guide to deposition and diagenesis of the Monterey Formation, Santa Barbara and Santa Maria areas, California Caroline M. Isaacs1 Open-File Report 84-98 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and strati graphic nomenclature. U.S. Geological Survey Menlo Park, California 94025 CONTENTS PART I: DEPOSITION AND DIAGENESIS OF THE MONTEREY FORMATION, SANTA BARBARA COASTAL AREA Page Introduction.............................................................. 1 Johns-Manvilie Diatomite Quarry........................................... 5 Go!eta SIough Secti on..................................................... 7 Naples Section............................................................ 11 Gaviota Beach East Section................................................ 26 Gaviota Canyon............................................................ 31 Damsite Canyon............................................................ 34 Black Canyon.............................................................. 42 Jalama Canyon............................................................. 46 Jalama Beach.............................................................. 49 References Cited.......................................................... 49 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure 1. Generalized geology of southwestern Santa Barbara County...... 2 2. Tectonic Map of southwestern Santa Barbara County............. 3 3. Physiographic -
California State University, Northridge Depositional Environments of the Vaqueros Formation Along Upper Sespe Creek, Ventura
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF THE VAQUEROS FORMATION ~ ALONG UPPER SESPE CREEK, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA A thesis submitted in partial sa~isfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geology by Stephen Anthony Reid / January, 1979 approved: California State University, Northridge ii ~· ~· ~· Frontispiece. Air view of Piedra Blanca, looking northwest. Piedra Blanca consists of outcrops of the Vaqueros upper member exposed in the core of Tule Creek syncline. iv CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT X INTRODUCTION 1 PURPOSE 1 LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHY 1 GEOLOGIC SETTING AND PREVIOUS WORK 3 PROCEDURES 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6 STRATIGRAPHY AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS 8 INTRODUCTION 8 PRE-VAQUEROS ROCKS 9 SESPE FORMATION 9 STRATIGRAPHY AND LITHOLOGY 9 ENVIRONMENT OF DEPOSITION 10 VAQUEROS FORMATION 10 NOMENCLATURE 10 AGE 13 GENERAL STRATIGRAPHIC STATEMENT 14 DESCRIPTION OF LOWER MEMBER 16 GENERAL 16 LOWER SANDSTONE 19 Lithology 19 Fossils 26 LOWER LIMESTONE 28 v Page Lithology 28 Fossils 33 LOWER MUDSTONE 35 Lithology 35 Fossils 37 DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF THE LOWER MEMBER 39 INTRODUCTION 39 FOSSILS 41 MUDDY BEACH 43 BAY MARGIN 44 OPEN BAY CENTER 45 SHALLOW GRASSY BAY 47 INLET INFLUENCED BAY 49 PALEOCURRENT ANALYSIS 50 SUMMARY 52 DESCRIPTION OF MIDDLE MEMBER 54 GENERAL 54 MIDDLE MUDSTONE AND SILTSTONE 56 Lithology 56 Fossils 61 ENVIRONMENT OF DEPOSITION 62 DESCRIPTION OF UPPER MEMBER 63 GENERAL 63 UPPER PLANE-BEDDED SANDSTONE 67 Lithology 67 vi Page Fossils 70 MASSIVE AND BIOTURBATED SANDSTONE -
Reconnaissance Study of Petroleum Source-Rock Characteristics Of
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Reconnaissance Study of Petroleum Source-Rock Characteristics of Core Samples from the Sisquoc and Monterey Formations in a North-South Subsurface Transect across the Onshore Santa Maria Basin and in Surface Sections along the Santa Barbara-Ventura Coast, Southern California by Caroline M. Isaacs Janice H. Tomson Open-File Report 89-108 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. U.S. Geological Survey 345 Middlefield Road, MS 999 Menlo Park, California 94025 1990 CONTENTS Page Abstract.................................................................. 1 Introduction.............................................................. 1 Methods................................................................... 2 Sample selection...................................................... 2 Sample preparation.................................................... 2 Organic analytical techniques......................................... 3 Inorganic analytical techniques....................................... 3 Results................................................................... 38 Organic matter characterization....................................... 38 Petroleum source-potential............................................ 39 Thermal maturity parameters.......................................... -
Southern California Channel Islands Bibliography, Through 1992
UC San Diego Bibliography Title Southern California Channel Islands Bibliography, through 1992 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8h79t1p0 Author Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary Publication Date 1992-12-31 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Southern California Channel Islands Bibliography, through 1992 Comprises 4035 references to the scientific literature on Southern California's Channel Islands. The Bibliography was compiled by the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary and is presented here in a February 1993 version. The Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History presents a California Channel Islands Bibliography on its website. It has more recent references and overlaps considerably with this bibliography. However this bibliography has some references not in their database, so it is maintained in original form. # 1. Abbott PL, Kies RP, Bachmann WR, Natenstedt CJ (San Diego State Univ., Dep. Geol. Sci., San Diego, CA; Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA; Nor. Res. Cent., Norway; Union Oil Co., United- States). A tectonic slice of Eocene strata, northern part of California continental borderland. Larue DK, Steel RJ. in Cenozoic marine sedimentation; Pacific margin, U.S.A.: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Section ; Cenozoic marine sedimentation; Pacific margin, U.S.A.; 1983 May 18; Sacramento, CA,. Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Section; 1983. p. 151-168. 29 refs., illus., 1 table, strat. cols., sect., sketch maps. sedimentation/tectonic controls/sedimentary rocks/clastic rocks/conglomerate/sedimentary petrology/paleogeography/Eocene/Paleogene/Tertiary/Pacific Coast/continental borderland/San Miguel Island/Santa Cruz Island/Santa Rosa Island/San Nicolas Island/rhyolite/volcanic rocks/SRD. -
RESEARCH Structural Modeling of the Western Transverse Ranges
RESEARCH Structural modeling of the Western Transverse Ranges: An imbricated thrust ramp architecture Y. Levy 1,2 , T.K. Rockwell 1, J.H. Shaw 3, A. Plesch 3, N.W. Driscoll 2, and H. Perea 2,4 1DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES, SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY, 5500 CAMPANILE DRIVE, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92182, USA 2SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA–SAN DIEGO, 9500 GILMAN DRIVE, LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA 92037, USA 3DEPARTMENT OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES, HARVARD UNIVERSITY, 20 OXFORD STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 02138, USA 4INSTITUT DE CIENCIES DEL MAR, CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS, PASSEIG MARITIM DE LA BARCELONETA, 37-49, 08003 B ARCELONA, SPAIN ABSTRACT Active fold-and-thrust belts can potentially accommodate large-magnitude earthquakes, so understanding the structure in such regions has both societal and scientic importance. Recent studies have provided evidence for large earthquakes in the Western Transverse Ranges of California, USA. However, the diverse set of conicting structural models for this region highlights the lack of understanding of the subsurface geometry of faults. A more robust structural model is required to assess the seismic hazard of the Western Transverse Ranges. Toward this goal, we developed a forward structural model using Trishear in MOVE ® to match the rst-order structure of the Western Transverse Ranges, as inferred from surface geology, subsurface well control, and seismic stratigraphy. We incorporated the full range of geologic observations, including vertical motions from uplifted uvial and marine terraces, as constraints on our kinematic forward modeling. Using fault-related folding methods, we predicted the geometry and sense of slip of the major faults at depth, and we used these structures to model the evolution of the Western Transverse Ranges since the late Pliocene. -
Vegetation Descriptions CENTRAL COAST and MONTANE ECOLOGICAL PROVINCE
Vegetation Descriptions CENTRAL COAST AND MONTANE ECOLOGICAL PROVINCE CALVEG ZONE 6 March 19, 2009 Note: Central California Coast Section (261A) is referred to as the “Coast” Section and Central California Coast Ranges Section (M262A) is referred to as the “Ranges” Section CONIFER FOREST / WOODLAND AB SANTA LUCIA FIR ALLIANCE Santa Lucia Fir (Abies bracteata) is found only in the Santa Lucia Range (Los Padres NF) as a narrow endemic species, usually within 15 miles (24 km) of the coast (Coast Section). This Fir is the dominant conifer in this Alliance but it also occurs as scattered inviduals or clumps of trees within Mixed Conifer – Pine sites. It is most common near the crest of the mountains and towards the north, where it often associates with Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) and low-elevation shrubs in droughty summit sites, on rocky slopes or in protected ravines. Slopes are usually steep and less fire-prone than other mixed hardwood areas of the forest; elevation ranges are in the order 2000 – 4600 ft (610 - 1402 m). DF PACIFIC DOUGLAS-FIR ALLIANCE Pacific Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is generally limited to northern, central, and eastern California but occurs in scattered stands south to the Santa Ynez Mountains (Los Padres NF) close to the coast (within the South Coast and Montane Ecological zone). Within this zone, the Alliance has been mapped in four subsections of the Coast Section below about 3300 ft (1010 m). Conifer associates in this area are Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa) with Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) and Tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) the main hardwood associates. -
Figure 2 Geologic Map and Boundaries Rev1
924 Anacapa Street, Suite 4A Santa Barbara, CA 93101 PH 805.897.3800 www.geosyntec.com TO: Stetson Engineers SUBJECT: DRAFT Technical Memorandum Regional Geology and 3D Geologic Model for the Santa Ynez River Valley Groundwater Basin PREPARED BY: Eryn Torres, Senior Professional Maygan Cline, Senior Geologist Mark Grivetti, Senior Principal Hydrogeologist DATE: May 12, 2020 1. INTRODUCTION This technical memorandum is prepared as part of the hydrogeologic conceptual model (HCM) for the Western and Central Management Areas (WMA and CMA, respectively) Groundwater Sustainability Agencies1 (GSAs) within the larger Santa Ynez River Valley Groundwater Basin (SYRVGB). This technical memorandum focuses on the geologic units within the SYRVGB, and the subsurface geologic model built to visualize those units. The aquifer characteristics of these units are then considered in a separate study which correlates principal aquifers within the basin. This technical memo describes the modeled geologic units and existing literature that identifies the water-bearing tendency of each unit but does not include an in-depth principal aquifer analysis or discussion. The HCM is the conceptual understanding of the physical characteristics related to the regional hydrology, land use, geologic units and structures, groundwater quality, principal groundwater aquifers, and principle aquitards of the WMA and CMA portions of the SYRVGB (basin). Understanding the regional geologic setting and structural configuration is integral to conducting subsequent technical studies of the basin, including presence, absence and correlation of principal aquifers, identification of an appropriate monitoring network, numerical groundwater modeling, and identification of projects and management actions in accordance with the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). A detailed subsurface three-dimensional model of the geologic units and structures (model) that comprise the basin was developed from publicly available published reports and data sources from the WMA and CMA GSAs. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Late Pleistocene To
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Late Pleistocene to Holocene environmental history of Devereux Slough A Thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Earth Science by Zachary Nelson Committee in charge: Professor Alex Simms, Chair Professor Lorraine Lisiecki Professor Edward A. Keller January 2018 The thesis of Zachary Nelson is approved. ______________________________________________ Edward A. Keller ______________________________________________ Lorraine Lisiecki ______________________________________________ Alexander Simms, Committee Chair January 2018 Late Pleistocene to Holocene environmental history of Devereux Slough 2018 by Zachary Nelson iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thank you to Alex Simms for conceiving this Master’s project and introducing me to the many intricacies of coastal sedimentology. Thanks to the Earth Research Institute for a summer fellowship in 2017. Many thanks to Laura Reynolds, Elisabeth Steel, Julie Zurbuchen, Michael Bentz, Dillon Osleger and Michael Troung for help with fieldwork, lab procedures and thesis writing guidance. We would also like to thank Cristina Sandoval and Lisa Stratton at the Coal Oil Point Reserve and Cheadle Center for Biodiversity and Ecological Restoration (CCBER) for helping facilitate gaining access to my study site. Additional financial support was provided by the Southern California Earthquake Center and the Santa Barbara Coastal LTER. The Southern California Earthquake Center is funded by the National Science Foundation Cooperative