Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profiles Antigua and Barbuda
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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Fisheries and for a world without hunger Aquaculture Department Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profiles Antigua and Barbuda Part I Overview and main indicators 1. Country brief 2. General geographic and economic indicators 3. FAO Fisheries statistics Part II Narrative (2018) 4. Production sector Marine sub-sector Inland sub-sector Aquaculture sub-sector Recreational sub-sector Source of information United Nations Geospatial Information Section http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/english/htmain.htm 5. Post-harvest sector Imagery for continents and oceans reproduced from GEBCO, www.gebco.net Fish utilization Fish markets 6. Socio-economic contribution of the fishery sector Role of fisheries in the national economy Trade Food security Employment Rural development 7. Trends, issues and development Constraints and opportunities Government and non-government sector policies and development strategies Research, education and training Foreign aid 8. Institutional framework 9. Legal framework Regional and international legal framework 10. Annexes Additional information 11. FAO Thematic data bases 12. Publications 13. Meetings & News archive FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Part I Overview and main indicators Part I of the Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profile is compiled using the most up-to-date information available from the FAO Country briefs and Statistics programmes at the time of publication. The Country Brief and the FAO Fisheries Statistics provided in Part I may, however, have been prepared at different times, which would explain any inconsistencies. Country brief Prepared: January, 2018. Antigua and Barbuda form a twin island state. The two islands have a total area of 281 km2. Antigua and Barbuda have 12 miles of territorial sea and 3 568 km2 of continental shelf.Fisheries target mainly marine species and are characterized by their small-scale and commercial nature. There is currently no commercial exploitation of inland fisheries resources, however, there is traditional recreational or subsistence harvest of some freshwater and estuarine species.Capture production has been quite stable with around 3 000 tonnes between 2005 and 2016 with the year 2012 showing an outstanding production of 5 700 tonnes due to three main reasons: i) greater catches of reef fish (e.g. groupers and snappers); ii) greatly increased harvest of queen conch as fishing effort of the dive fishery shifted from the Caribbean spiny lobster to the queen conch as demand for lobster contracted due to reduced tourism; and iii) use of more Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) for pelagic species. Capture production involves mainly small fishing units targeting demersal or reef-based resources mainly by lines, trap nets, and gillnets. Over several decades there have been a number of failed attempts to conduct aquaculture on a range of products on Antigua. However, seaweed (Euchuma sp. and Gracilaria sp.) farming has achieved some success in Antigua but is still very limited.In 2015 a total of 1907 people were reported to engage in fishery and aquaculture sector, but in fact this was nearly all fishing activity. Four percent of fishers were women and the remaining 96% men. The fishing fleet in 2014 was composed of 338 motorized vessels of less than 18 meters in length (of which 237 were undecked and of less than 12 meters). In 2016, total exports of fish and fishery products amounted to USD 274 000 and imports to USD 5.9 million. The direct contribution of the sector to the GDP was estimated at 9.7 million USD in 2013 and accounted 47% of the agricultural GDP. The contribution of the sector to the combined national GDP was about 0.8%. Per capita consumption was estimated at 55.7 kg in 2013.Over the past 16 years, due to hurricanes, a total of 157 vessels were severely damaged, destroyed or lost at sea, in addition to the loss of fishing gears and damage to landing site infrastructure. Difficulty in obtaining financing and absence of reasonably priced vessel insurance has influenced the length of time that vessels are replaced or repaired or remain inactive. Membership in Regional Fishery Bodies Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism (CRFM) International Whaling Commission (IWC) Western Central Atlantic Fishery Commission (WECAFC) General geographic and economic indicators FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Table 1 - General Geographic and Economic Data - Antigua y Barbuda Source Shelf area 3 886 km2 Sea around us: http://www.seaaroundus.org/ Length of continental World by Map: 153 km coastline http://world.bymap.org/Coastlines.html 0,92% National CRFM: Statistics and Information Report Fisheries GVA (2012) GDP 2012 Source Country area 440 km2 FAOSTAT. 2013 Land area 440 km2 FAOSTAT. 2013 Inland water area 0 km2 Computed. 2013 Population - Est. & Proj. 0.096 millions FAOSTAT. 2018 Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) area 111 914 km2 VLIZ GDP (current US$) 1 611 millions World Bank. 2018 GDP per capita (current US$) 16 727 US$ World Bank. 2018 Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added 1.73 % of GDP World Bank. 2018 FAO Fisheries statistics Table 2 in this section is based on statistics prepared by the FAO Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Unit and disseminated in 2018. The charts are based on the same source but these are automatically updated every year with the most recent statistics. Table 2 — FAO fisheries statistics – Antigua y Barbuda 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 EMPLOYMENT (thousands) 1.45 0.64 0.89 1.53 1.89 … … Aquaculture … … … 0.03 … … … Capture 1.45 0.64 0.89 1.50 1.89 … … Inland … … … … … … … Marine 1.45 0.64 0.89 1.50 1.89 … … FLEET(thousands boats) 0.25 0.25 0.30 0.39 0.33 0.34 … Source: FAO Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics 1) Due to roundings total may not sum up FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Please Note:Fishery statistical data here presented exclude the production for marine mammals, crocodiles, corals, sponges, pearls, mother-of-pearl and aquatic plants. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Part II Narrative Updated 2018 Part II of the Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profile provides supplementary information that is based on national and other sources and that is valid at the time of compilation (see update year above). References to these sources are provided as far as possible. Production sector Antigua and Barbuda form a twin island state. The two islands have a total area of 281 km2. Antigua and Barbuda have a 19 km territorial sea and 3,568 km2 of continental shelf. Fisheries target mainly marine species and are characterized by their small-scale and commercial nature. There is currently no commercial exploitation of inland fisheries resources; however, there is a traditional recreational or subsistence harvest of some freshwater and estuarine species. Overall, the fisheries sector plays an important role for food security, both as a source of food to the local population, but as source of employment and income. Fish consumption is quite high at 55 kg, but the real consumption is probably less, as there is substantial unrecorded fish export taking place. In September 2017, Hurricane Irma left Barbuda with 50% of its buildings destroyed or significantly damaged and its entire population evacuated. As an important part of the fisheries in the country is based in Barbuda, the impact on the fisheries in the late 2017 and early 2018 is significant. Antigua on the other hand suffered practically no destruction. In December 2017, the Board of Directors of the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) has approved US$29 million in funding to the Government of Antigua and Barbuda, to assist with recovery efforts after the passage of Hurricane Irma. The funds will be used to rehabilitate and reconstruct critical infrastructure in the transportation, education, water and sanitation, and agriculture sectors including the fisheries sector. Marine sub-sector Catch profile Fisheries target mainly marine species and are characterized by their small-scale and commercial nature. Landing sites There are 32 fish landing sites in Antigua and Barbuda. Sites range from rural beaches (with limited or no infrastructure) to fisheries complexes (with potable water, ice-making and chill storage facilities). There are now four complexes managed by the Fisheries division. The refrigeration machinery at the Urlings and Parham facilities have been replaced recently and now all refrigeration equipment is working. Fishing practices/systems Most of the traditional sloops and dories that dominated the sector in the 1970s have been gradually replaced FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department by modern fibreglass launches and pirogues equipped with the latest fishing technology (global positioning systems, depth sounder, hydraulic haulers, etc.). While there have been significant changes in terms of vessel construction and fishing technology, traps used to target the Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus), reef fishes and deep water snappers (Lutjanidae) and groupers (Serranidae) remain the dominant gear. The lobster fisheries is small-scale, involving 185 boats (from small pirogues to large fibreglass) involving 498 fishers. The main fishing techniques are traps and scuba diving. Fishing technology involves the conventional wooden or steel framed fish traps that are placed on extended sea shelves using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. The traps are hauled or cleared every two (2) days using hydraulic winches. The Queen conch fisheries is also small-scale. In 2012, 17 full time conch-fishing vessels plus 4 part time vessels landed 582 metric tons of conch meat (digestive gland removed or 50% clean) with an ex-vessel value of EC$11 million (US$4.1 million); the live weight equivalent (including shell) using a mean conversion factor of 6.77 was 3,937 metric tons. Landing for 2012 was the highest recorded and coincided with the following: the second highest recorded catch rate. Main resources Main resources are snappers and groupers, Caribbean spiny lobster and Queen conch.