The identity of species (Trichoptera: ) from Nigeria with description of the adult male

Sylvester Sunday Ogbogu

An adult male reared from the larva of Anisocentropus sp. earlier reported from Ile-Ife, Nigeria was identified as A. unsambarensis Ulmer, 1908. It is described and illustrated with emphasis on the morphology of the wings. It is compared with other species of the genus so far described from the Afrotropical region. Apart from the morphology of the genitalia, A. unsambarensis can be differentiated from the other species on the basis of wing venation. There are three crossveins in the forewing of A. unsambarensis unlike in the other species where there are either six or seven. The venation of the hind wing is close to that of A. voeltzkowi Ulmer, 1909, but differs in having only one crossvein. S.S. Ogbogu, Department of Zoology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Osun State, Nigeria. [email protected]

Introduction and the species identified to be A. unsambarensis, it The (Trichoptera) family Calamoceratidae becomes imperative to describe the adult highlight- was first established by Ulmer (1906). It includes ing some of the adult diagnostic features which are eight well defined extant genera in two subfamilies, hitherto not known and may be useful for separating Anisocentropodinae Lestage, 1936 and Calam- species with particular reference to the Afrotropical oceratinae Ulmer,1905, with a total of 175 species fauna. worldwide (Morse 2006). Although the family is cosmopolitan, two genera, Banyallarga Navás, 1916 and Müller, 1880, are endemic to the Materials and methods Neotropics (Flint et al.1999, Prather 2003, 2004, Larval specimens of the Anisocentropus species earlier Holzenthal et al. 2007). Anisocentropus McLachlan, described in Ogbogu (2006) were collected from a 1863, the only genus in the Anisocentropodinae, tropical forest stream in the same locality. The larvae and Phylloicus are the largest in the family, each were reared in a glass tank filled with stream water with 60 species, with most of the former from the inside a cage made of mosquito wire netting. Some Australasian and Oriental regions (Morse 2006). dry leaves and small stones were added to the tank to Anisocentropus has five species from the Afrotropical act as objects for attachment of larvae. Adult males region (Myers et al. 2005, Morse 2006). Of these, that emerged were collected and examined with mag- A. unsambarensis Ulmer, 1908 is widespread in the nifying glass and dissecting microscope. The wings region (Johanson 1992). The morphology and bio- were removed and prepared according to the method geography of the genus have been studied by Neboiss of Blahnik & Holzenthal (2004) for detailed exami- (1980). In a recent report, Ogbogu (2006) described nation under the microscope. The genitalia were also a larva suspected to be that of a species that is related prepared for examination based on the technique to, but different from A. unsambarensis. Now that described by Blahnik & Holzenthal (2004). successful larval-adult association has been achieved

Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 152: 287–290, Figs1–2, Table 1. [ISSN 0040–7496]. http://www.nev.nl/tve © 2009 Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging. Published 1 December 2009.

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1 Figs 1–3. Anisocentropus un- sambarensis, adult male. – 1, forewing venation; 2, hind- wing venation; 3, genitalia, o o lateral view.

m

2

o m-cu

3

Taxonomy Diagnostic characters of adult male There are three crossveins in the forewing, which is Anisocentropus unsambarensis Ulmer, 1908 fewer than the number in other Afrotropical species. These crossveins are m, m-cu, and a 3rd posteriorly Figs 1–3 located, connecting vein Cu1b and Cu2. Anisocen- Based on the morphology of adult male genitalia, the tropus unsambarensis is the only species with a single specimens were identified as A. unsambarensis. crossvein m-cu in the hind wing, located at the same position as in A. voeltzkowi Ulmer, 1909. The cross- Material examined. Adult male: Southwestern vein connects veins M4 and Cu1a. The aedeagus of Nigeria, Ile-Ife Osun state, (7º 29.7’ N, 4º 34.3’ E), the genitalia is similar to that of A. brunneus Jaque- altitude 141 m a.s.l. ,10.i.2007. Two pinned males mart, 1966 but differs in lacking a bulbous or dilated are deposited in the National History Museum of end. Also, Segment X is longer in A. unsambaren- Obafemi Awolowo University. sis than in other Afrotropical species. The inferior appendages are also longer, blunt and slightly curved outwards.

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Description of adult Table 1. Morphological characters illustrated in Head. Light brown, covered with hairs, longer hairs descriptions of adult males of Afrotropical species of at base of antennae. Frontal, antennal, and posterior Anisocentropus. (P = Present, A = Absent). setose warts present. Species Genitalia Fore- Hind- Thorax. Light brown, with prominent pronotal and wing wing scutal setose warts. Legs similar, the foreleg shorter than others. Tibial spur formula 3–4–4. A. brunneus Jaquemart, 1966 P P P Wings. Forewing with row of short setae at end of A. fischeri Marlier, 1971 P P P vein 1A. Dense cluster of short setae on distended A. fulvus Navas, 1934 A A P basal area near posterior margin of forewing (Fig. 1). A. unsambarensis Ulmer, 1908 P A A Hind wing with 1 crossvein, m-cu connecting A. voeltzkowi Ulmer, 1909 P P P M4 and Cu1a veins; 4 anal veins and 4 wing forks (Fig. 2). Genitalia. Similar to that figured by Ulmer (1908). When the appendages are viewed laterally, Segment Jacquemart, 1966 and almost the same in the pat- IX is short, anterior margin clear, pointed, without tern of venation as A. voeltzkowi. These similarities marginal setae. Segment X long; aedeagus narrow, suggest close relationships among the species of this curved at the tip. Inferior appendage long and blunt genus in the Afrotropical region, particularly with (Fig. 3). reference to A. unsambarensis and A. voeltzkowi. With the confirmation of the real identity of the Ani- Distribution socentropus sp. earlier described in Ogbogu (2006), Presently known from a single locality in Nigeria it could be suggested that A. unsambarensis larvae (see Ogbogu 2006), but may be well distributed may at times possess some variable morphological in Nigeria. It has also been reported from Uganda features which could lead to incorrect identification (Hickin 1955), Ghana (Gibbs 1973, Andersen and of the species in larval stage. Kjaerandsen 2001), Nigeria (Medler 1980, Ogbogu 2006), Equatorial Guinea and Zaire (Fischer 1965). Acknowledgements I am indebted to all Trichopterologists, especially Discussion those with whom I have interacted in the course of The major distinguishing features that separate my study of . A. unsambarensis from its congeners are the lengths of segment X and inferior appendages. Although caddisfly species are usually separated using mor- References phological characters of the genitalia, wing vena- Andersen, T. & J. Kjaerandsen, 2001. Adult caddisfly tion have also been considered in the identities of diversity along a headwater stream in south-eastern Anisocentropus species (Table 1) (see Tobias and Ghana (Insecta: Trichoptera). – Verhandlungen der Tobias 2006). Therefore, it can be concluded that International Vereinigung der Limnologie 27: 3613– apart from the genitalia, another important diag- 3618. nostic feature for separation of species of the genus Blahnik, R.J. & R.W. Holzenthal, 2004. Collection and curation of Trichoptera, with an emphasis on pinned is wing venation. However, A. unsambarensis in material. Nectopsyche, Neotropical Trichoptera News- the only species which wing venation has not been letter 1: 8–20 (Available from http:www.entomology. described and figured (Table 1). The implication umn.edu/museum/links/news.html). is that relying on the morphology of the genitalia Fischer, F.C.J., 1965. Trichopterorum Catalogus, 6. – Ned- alone, it will be difficult to separate A. unsambarensis erlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam. from other species in the genus. Careful observations 242 pp. in the present study show that wing venation is also a Flint, O.S. Jr., R.W. Holzenthal & S.C. Harris, 1999. reliable diagnostic character that can be used to sepa- Catalog of the Neotropical Caddisflies (Insecta: rate A. unsambarensis from other Afrotropical species. Trichoptera) – Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, The forewing of A. unsambarensis is similar in shape Ohio. 239 pp. to that of A. voeltzkowi Ulmer, 1909 and the nygma Gibbs, D.G., 1973. The Trichoptera of Ghana. – Deutsche and thyridium are in the same locations. However Entomologische Zeitschrift, N.F. 20: 363–424. there are 3 crossveins in A. unsambarensis, and 4–6 Hickin, N.E., 1955. Larvae of some East African Trichop- in A. voeltzkowi. The shape of the hind wing of tera. – Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (A)30 (10–12): 155–163. A. unsambarensis is similar to that of A. brunneus

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Holzenthal, R.W., R.J. Blahnik, A.L. Prather & K.M. Kjer, Nigeria, with description of mature larva. – Tijdschrift 2007. Order Trichoptera Kirby, 1813 (Insecta), Cad- voor Entomologie 149: 95–99. disflies. . – In: Z. – Q. Ahang, & W.A. Shear, (Eds.), Prather, A.L., 2003. Revision of the Neotropical caddis- Linnaeus Tercentenary Progress in Invertebrate Tax- fly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae). onomy. – Zootaxa 1668: 639–698. – Zootaxa 275: 1–214. Jacquemart, S., 1966. A propos de quelques Trichop- Prather, A.L., 2004. Revision of the Neotropical caddis- tères du Katanga. – Bulletin de l’Institute Royal des fly genus Banyallarga (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae). Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (Entomologie) 42 Zootaxa 435: 1–76. (11): 1–10. Tobias, D. & W. Tobias, 2006. Caddisflies of the West Johanson, K.A., 1992. A catalogue of the caddisflies of East Palaearctic and Afrotropical regions of Africa. http// Africa (Insecta, Trichoptera). – Steenstrupia 18(7): www.rz.uni-frankfurt.de/~wtobias/ [visited on: 113–141. 22 January, 2008]. Medler, J.T., 1980. of Nigeria – Checklist and bib- Ulmer, G.,1906. Neuer Beitrag zur Kenntnis außereu- liography. – Memoirs of the American Entomological ropäischer Trichopteren. – Notes Leyden Museum Institute 30: 1–919. 28: 1–116. Morse, J.C., 2006. Trichoptera World Checklist. http:// Ulmer, G., 1908. Trichoptera. – In: Y. Sjostedt (ed), entweb.clemson.edu/database/trichopt/index.htm. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen [visited on: 13 February 2008]. zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimanjaro, dem Myers, P., Espinosa, C.S. Parr, T. Jones, G.S. Hammond, Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch & T.A. Dewey, 2005. The Diversity Web – Ostafrikas 1905 – 1907. 2(13): 1–10. (online). http://animaldiversity.org [visited on: 22 Ulmer, G., 1909. Trichopteren von Madagaskar und den September 2005][No longer available] Comoren. – In: A. Voeltzkow. (ed.), Reise in Ostafrika Neboiss, A., 1980. Australian species of the genus Aniso- in den Jahren 1903–1905, 2: 357–363. – Stuttgart centropus McLachlan (Calamoceratidae: Trichoptera). E. Schweitzbart. – Australian Journal of Marine and freshwater Re- search 31: 193–213. Ogbogu, S.S., 2006. First record of the genus Anisocentro- Received: 8 March 2008 pus McLachlan (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae)­ from Revised version accepted: 15 September 2009

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