1 EUROPEAN FREE TRADE AREA ------w -- - (pa~e705)

- -

: We are manufitcturers of: ALUMINIUM ISOPROPOXIDE TRICHLOROACETIC ACID B.P. ALUMINIUM NITRATE, PURE MAGNESIUM TRISILICATE B.P. %g f STANNOUS SULPHATE '5 'ALUMINIUM GLYCINATE (DIHYDROXY ALUMINIUM AMINOACETATE)

Write for samples and pzices

KAYLENE (GJ$EMIGALS)...... LIMITED ...... WATERLOO ROAD. LONEQN. N.W.2 ... ""."TEL ... ~b..i,'i:.GLADSTONE ...... IO;lfi13 ...... A -. , ...... = ii CHEMICAL AGE 27 April 1%7 PUMPING 24 HOURS EVERY DAY

VACSEAL PUMPS

Specially designed to Iialidle liquids containingabrasive solids. Fluid cannot enter gland or bearings. High. consistclit 0111put. *Handles slurrics up to 70'2, solids. *Pump sixs I ;'' to 8'' i~iclusive. rCnpncities 10 to 2,500 g;ills.:min. nDelivery against he;~dsup to 100'. Suction lift 12'. -St:~nd;lrd rubber-lined for abrasive pulps and slurries; special rubhcr-lined for acids and other corrosive liquors. ~Ferloymetal construction for liquors containing solids exceeding i"cube. .,Quick delivery.

plc'ase write /or Hooklet NO. G.349.

r- - INTERNATIONAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS LTD

LONDON OFFICE: NINETEEN WOBURN PLACE, W.C.1. TELEPHONE: TERMINUS 2833 WORKS: DERBY, ENCLANG;- PORT ELIZ.IBETtf, .JOUTH . AFRICA; SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA 76. Y 10 27 April 1957 CHEMICAL AGE. 689

HYDROFLUORIC ACIDS and FLUORIDES from the No. I producer of the United Kingdom

------JAMES WlLKlNSON & SON LTD., TINSLEY PARK ROAD, SHEFFIELD 9 Telephone: 4120819 Grams: 'Chemicals' Shemeld 9

A 690 . CHEMICAL AGE 27 April 1957 INDEX TO ADVERTISERS Thefrst fisures refer to advertisenlenr in Chemical Age Year Rook, rhe secoml to the current issue ------Page Page Page Page Pa~e Page 229 A.P.V. Co., Ltd., The - 168 British Tar Products Ltd. - 200 Dowlow Lime & Stone Co., 344 Acalor (1948) Ltd. - BritishThomson-HoustonCo.Ltd. - Ltd., The - 209 Accr~ngton Br~ck& Tile Co.. 170 British Titan Products Co., Ltd. - Dring & Fage Ltd. - Ltd., The 397 Broadbent, Thomas, & Sons, Ltd. - 174 Drummond Patents Ltd. - 176 Adequate Weighers Ltd. 231 Brotherhood, Peter, Ltd. - 195 Dryden, T., Ltd. 698 Aero Research Ltd. 244 Brorherton & Co., Ltd. - Dunlop Rubber Co. Ltd. - 223 Aimer Products Ltd. Brough, E. A., & Co., Ltd. - Dutt, P. K., & Co., Ltd. - 159 Albany EngineeringCo. Ltd. The 234 Browns Foundry Co., Ltd. - 232 E.C.D., Ltd. - Alexander, Herbert, & Co., Ltd. 218 Brush Design Group, The - 330 Edison Swan Electric Co.. Ltd.. The 165 Allen, Edgar, & Co., Ltd. 175 Bryan Donkin Co., Ltd., The - 268 Electronic Switchgear (London) 364 Alumina Co., Ltd., The 180 Buell (1952) Ltd. - Ltd. - 328 Amalgamated Oxides (1939) Ltd. 272 Burnett & Rolfe Ltd. - 244 Electrothermal Engineering Ltd. - 306 Armour & Co., Ltd. ButterworthsScientificPublications- B/M~. ~lli~tt,H. J., ~td. - GICd. Ashmore, Benson, Pease & Co. 201 Butterfield, W. P., Ltd. - Enamelled Metal Products Ltd. - 189 Ashworth, Arthur, Ltd. 160 Calder Vale Glassworks Ltd. - 166 English Glass Co., Ltd., The - Associated Lead Mfrs. Ltd. Callow, F. E. (Engineers) Ltd. - GICd. Erinoid Ltd. - G/Cd. Audley Engineering Co., Ltd. Callow Rock LimeCo. Ltd.The - 207 Evered & Co., Ltd. - 146 Autometric Pumps Ltd. 354 Candy Filter Co., Ltd., The - 208 Farnell Carbons Ltd. - - 212 B. A. ~olland Engineering Cannon (G. A,) Ltd. Faw~eltFinney Lrd. - Co., Ltd., The 238 Carbon Dioxide Co., The - 202 Ferris, J. & E.. Ltd. - 282 Baker Perkins Ltd. 280 Carmichael, John R., Ltd. - Fleischmann (London) Ltd. - 324 Baker Platinum Division. 243 Catalin Ltd. - 220 Film Cooling Towers (1925) Ltd. - Engelhard Industries Ltd. Chap~~ian& Hall Ltd. - 253 Foxhoro-Yoxall Ltd. - 233 ~aifo;r, Henry, & Co. - Chemical Construction Co. - Fraser, W. J., & Co.. Ltd. - 210 Barclay Kellett & Co., Ltd. - 191 Chemical Workers' Union, The - 298 Fuller's Earth Union Ltd., The - 250 Bennett, Sons & Shears Ltd. - Chemicals & Feeds Ltd. - 188 Gallenkarnp, A.. & Co., Ltd. - GICd. Berk, F. W., & Co., Ltd. - 318 Chemitrade Ltd. 696 Gas Counc~l,The cov. iv 242 Beryllium & Copper Alloys 284 ChesterfieldTube Co., Ltd., The - 266 Geigy Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. - fSa:etv Tools) Ltd. - 203 Ciech (Poland) cov. iii General Electric Co., Ltd. - ~i;acA& Co. Ltd. - 264 Cinema Television Ltd. - Glehe Mines Limited - 270 Black, B., & Son, Ltd. - 224 Clark,, T. C., & Co., Ltd. - 290 Graviner Mfg. Co. Ltd. - 204 Blundell & Cromoton Ltd. 692 Class1fiedAdvert1sements126,727,728 265 Gra~eb~ook,M. & W., Ltd. - 148 Borax ~onsolidatehLtd. - 258 Clayton Dyestuffs Co. Ltd. The - 164 GreefT, R. W., & Co., Ltd. - Borax & Chemicals Ltd. - 199 Clayton, Son & Co., Ltd. - 192 Grindley & Co., Ltd. - 289 Boulton, William, Ltd. - 288 Clydesdale Chemical Co. Ltd. - 232 Hackbridge & Hewittic Electric 228 Bowmans Chemicals Ltd. - 285 Clyde Tube Forgings Ltd. - Co., Ltd. - 270 Braby, Fredk., & Co., Ltd. - 213 Cole, R. H., & Co., Ltd. - 202 Haller & Phillips Ltd. - 183 Bramigk & Co., Ltd. - 208 Cole & Wilson Ltd. - 214 Hanovia Lamps British Acheson Electrodes Ltd. - 204 Collins Improved Firebars Ltd. - Hanson Books - 224 British Arca Regulators Ltd. - Colt Ventilation Ltd. - 206 Harris (Lostock Gralam) Ltd. 723 217 British Carbo Norit Union Ltd. - 348 Comet pump & Eng. Co. Ltd. The - 222 Haworth F. (A.R.C.) Ltd. - British Ceca Co., Ltd., The - Constable & Co. - 158 Hearson '~harles& Co., Ltd. - 216 British Chrome & Chemicals ControlledConvectionDryingCo. - 238 ~~~be~~,'~lf~~d,itd. - Ltd. (London) - Costain-John Brown Ltd. - Hickson & Welch Ltd. - 230 British Chrome & Chemicals 4 Crofts (Engineers) Ltd. - 193 Holroyd, John, & Co., Ltd. - Ltd. (Lancs) - Cromil & P~ercyLtd. - 234 Honeywill & Stein Ltd. - British Drug Houses Ltd., The - 171 Cruickshank, R., Ltd. - 248 Hopkin &Williams Ltd. - British Geon Limited - 334 Curran, Edward. Engineering Ltd. - 187 Humphreys & Glasgow Ltd. - 8 British Industrial Solvents - 304 Cyanamid Products Ltd. - 310 Huntington, Heberlein &Co. Ltd. - 236 & 237 British Laboratory Ware 222 Cyclops EngineeringCo. Ltd. The - 1.C.1. Billingham Organic - Association Ltd. - 288 Cygnet Joinery Ltd. I.C.I. General ChemicalsFlorubc - 275 British LaBour Pump Co., Ltd. - 286 Danks of Netherton Ltd. - I.C.I. Plastics-Darvic - 240 British Lead Mills Ltd. - 216 Davey, Paxman & Co., Ltd. - I.C.I. Plastics-Fluon. - 360 Brit~shRailway Traffic & Dawson, McDonald&DawsonLtd. I.C.1. Ltd.. (Plastics Div.) Corvic - Electric Co., Ltd. - 700 Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. - Spine British Resin Products Ltd. - 170 Derby Luminescents Ltd. - 157 Imperial Smelting Corporation 172 British Rototherm Co. Ltd. The - 161 Don-Oliver Co., Ltd. - (Sales) Ltd. - 227 British Steam Specialties Ltd. - 280 Douglas, William, & Sons Ltd. - [continued on page 692

PRESSURE VESSELS IN STEEL STAINLESS STEEL ALUMINIUM COPPER . ETC. Welded by the Argon Arc Process

METAL SPRAYING WELDING AND REPAIRS

-- TO ALL METALS CARBOYS. PACKED CARBOYS CARBOY TILTERS AND BARROWS SAFETY CRATES TOP PROTECTORS RICHMOND WELDING CO. EST I929 II RICHMOND RD. BRADFORD 7 Tel: 25405 27 April 1957 CHEMICAL AGE

I FOAMIlYG ACTION. ..lasts through the active life of the detergent Marchon Detergent Additives boost detergent foaming power to yield sparkling, stable foams that can be balanced to last exactly to the end of the detergent life. Gearing foaming action to detergent life ensures the maximum economy to the user. Foam Boosting means Sales Boosting. MARCHON Empilan Series. Narrow cut and broad cut isopropanol- amides, Ethanolamides and their derivatives. DETERGENT Ninol Series. Alkylolamides made under licence from ADDITIVES Ninol Laboratories Inc., Chicago. MARCHON PRODUCTS LIMITED Agents and OMces In principal ctties of the world Head Oftice: Wh~tehaven.England Telephone: Whitehaven 650 Telegrams: Marchonpro, WhitehavebTelex London Office: 140 Park Lane, London, W,l Telephone: Mayfair 7385 Telegrams: Marchonpro, London, Telex m-pm--- P -* -nu- F , - EC * mmTf-*qr*qrW'W- WAR7872 692 CHEMICAL AGE 27 April 1957 INDEX TO ADVERTISERS Thefirsf figures refer I 'o advertisement in Chemical Age Year Book, the sen rhe current issue --

- - ~p- Page Page Page Page Page International Combustion Group 180 Mirvale Chemical Co., Ltd. - Simon, Richard, & Sons, Ltd. - eov. ii 254 Mitchell. Cotts & Co., Ltd. - Southern Instruments Computer Isopad Ltd. - Mond Nickel Co., Ltd., The - Division - - 246 Jackson, Henry (Liverpool) Ltd. - Monsanto Chemicals Ltd. 702 Spencer Chapman & Messel Ltd. & Morgan Crucible Co., Ltd., The - Stabilag Co., Ltd., The - 214 Jacbon, J. G., Crockatt Ltd. - Stanton Instruments Ltd. - 245 Jenkins, Robert, & Co.. Ltd. 200 Moritz Chemical Engineering - Co., Ltd. Staveley lron&ChemicalCo.Ltd. - 249 Jenkinson, W. G., Ltd. - Steel. J. M.. & Co., Ltd. - 3 Jobling. James A., & Co., Ltd. - - 181 Neckar Water Softener Co. Ltd. - Stockdale Engineering Co., Ltd. - Johnson, S. H., & Co., Ltd. 268 Nederlandse Emballage Ondeer- Stonehouse Paper & Bags Mills - 166 Jobnsons of Hendon Ltd. - neming Gebr. de Wilde N.V. - Streamline Filters Ltd. - 267 Jones, Tate & Co., Ltd. - 221 Negretti & Zambra Ltd. 693 Sturge, John & E., Ltd. 695 228 K.D.G. Instruments Ltd. - New Metals & Chemicals Ltd. - Sutcliffe Speakman & Co., Ltd. - 178 K.W. Chemicals Ltd. - Newnes, George & Co. Ltd. - Taylor Rustless Fittings Co. Ltd. - 276 & 277 Newton Chambers& Co. Ltd. Kavlene (Chemicals) Ltd. Front Cov. - Tenaplas Sales Ltd. - 2 ~elth lack man ~td. - 239 Nicolson. W. B. (Scientific Thermal Syndicate Ltd., The - 278 Kernick & Son Ltd. - ~nstruments)Ltd. ' - Thomas & Bishop Ltd. - 395 Kestner Evaporator & Engineering 177 Nordac Ltd. - Thomason, W., & Sons Ltd. - Co., Ltd. (Induvtrial Safety) - 21 1 North Thames Gas Board - Thompson, John (Dudley) Ltd. - 395 Kestner Evaporator & Engineer- 194 Northern Malleable Foundry Todd Bros. (St. Helens & - ing Co., Ltd. 698 Co., Ltd.. The - Widnes) Ltd. - Key Engineering Co. Ltd. The - 179 Northey Rotary Compressors Ltd. 700 Towers, J. W., & Co., Ltd. - 283 Kier, J. L., & Co., Ltd. - Nu-Swift Ltd. 724 Trent Valve Co., Ltd. - 271 Kleen-e-ze Brush Co., Ltd. - 296 Palfrey. William, Ltd. - Tungstone Products Ltd. - Unifloc Ltd. - 206 Lankro Chemicals Ltd. - I Pam Goods Manufactukg 210 Laporte Chemicals Ltd. 694 Co., Ltd. - Unilever Ltd. - 184 Lavino (London) Ltd. - Pascall Engineering Co. Ltd. The 700 UnitedCoke&ChemicalsCo. Ltd. 699 252 Leda Chemicals Ltd. - 6 Paterson Engineering Co. Ltd. The - United Filters& Engineering Ltd. 264 Leek Chemicals Ltd. - 287 Peabody Ltd. - United Kinndom Atomic Enernv-. 162 Leigh &Sons Metal Works Ltd. 690 Penrhyn Quarries Ltd. 692 ~uthority - Lennig, Charles, & Co. (Great 320 & 368 Permutit Co., Ltd., The - Vaughan Crane Co. Ltd. - Britain) Ltd. - G/Cd.Petrocarbon Developments Ltd. - W.E.X. Traders Ltd. - Lennox Foundry Co., Ltd. - Petrochemicals Ltd. 697 WalkerExtract&ChemicalCo.Ltd. - 340 Pool, J. F., Ltd. - Wallach Bros. Ltd. 694 219 L~ght.L., & Co., Ltd. - Waller, George .& Son Ltd. - 274 Lind. Peter, & Co., Ltd. - Pott, Cassels & Williamson - Cover London Aluminium Co. Ltd. The - 358 Powell DuffrynCarbonProductsLtd.- Walley, A. L. - Longman Green & Co. Ltd. - GICd. Power-Gas Corporation. Ltd. The - Wallis.Charles,&Sons(Sacks)Ltd. - 278 Lord. John L.. & Son - 169 Price Stutfield & Co., Ltd. - Ward, Thos. W., Ltd. - Prodorite Ltd. - Watson, Laidlaw & Co., Ltd. - 190 Machinery (Continental) Ltd. - 242 Production Chemicals (Rochdale) Wells, A. C., & Co., Ltd. - 257 Mallinson & Eckerslev Ltd. - Ltd. - Wengerc Ltd. - Manesty Machines - 261 Pye, W. G., & Co., Ltd. - Whessoe Ltd. - 342 Marchon Products Ltd. 691 Pyrethrum Board of Kenya - Whitaker, B., & Sons Ltd. - 226 Marco Conveyor & Eng. Co. Ltd. - Widnes Foundry & Engineering 168 Matthews & Yates Ltd. - Q.V.F. Ltd. - Co., Ltd. - May & Baker Ltd. - 314 Reads Ltd. - Wilkinson, James, &Son, Ltd. 689 173 Measuring & Scientific Equip Richmond Welding Co., Ltd 690 Wilkinson Rubber Linatex Ltd. - ment Ltd. 725 Robinson, F., & Co., Ltd. 701 Willcox. W. H., & Co., Ltd. - Meigh Castings Ltd. - G/Cd. Rose, Downs&Thompson Ltd. - Williams, &James (Eng.) Ltd. - Cover Metal Containers Ltd. - 230 RotometerManufacturingCo.Ltd. - Wilson, Edward. & Son Ltd. - Metalfiltration Co., Ltd. - Wilde, Gebr. De Nederlandse G/Cd. Metalock (Britain) Ltd. - St. Helenscable& RubberCo. Ltd. - Emballage Ondernemming N.V. - 174 Metcalf & Co. - Sandiacre Screw Co., Ltd.. The - Wood, Harold, & Sons Ltd. - Metropolltan - Vickers Electrical Scientific Glass-Blowinn Co. The - Worcester Royal Porcelain Co., Co., Ltd. Shaw Petrie Ltd. - - Ltd., The - 178 Middleton & Co.. Ltd. Sheepbridge Alloy Castings Ltd. - Worthington-Simpson Ltd. - Mills Packard~orist~ctionCo. Ltd. Shell Chemtcal Co., Ltd. - Wynn (Valves) Ltd. - 215 Mine Safety Appliances Co. Ltd. - Siebe, Gorman & Co., Ltd. - Yorkshire Tar Distillers Ltd. - Mlrrlees Watson & Co. Ltd. The - Sigmund Pumps Ltd. - Zeal, G. H., Ltd. - COPPER PLANT for the CHEMICAL TRADE STILLS RECTIFYING COLUMNS SLATE FILLER CONDENSERS WHEREVER AN INERT FILLER Autoclaves . Calandrias Vacuum Pans . Boiling Pans IS REQUIRED FULLERSITE Pipework . Coils . Etc. IS THE IDEAL MATERIAL ESTABLISHED 1825 BLUNDELL 81 CROMPTON Lnrge rteom jacketed ropbcr LIMITED PENRHYN QUARRIES LTD. Boiling and Miring pan with peorrd agirotorr, rrcam locket WEST INDIA DOCK RD.. LONDON, E.14 of mild steel Phone: East 3838 (3 Idner). Gram: 61undc11 PORT PENRHYN. BANGOR. NORTH WALES I4088 4160 Phone London 27 April 1957 CHEMICAL AGE

Accurate, reliable

TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTER

PNEUTECHNIQUE components for industry

In may indilstrics whrre there arc temperatures to nirasurcand/or control, this tcmpcrature transmitter docs a wontlerfi~ll~efficient job. Onc of' Ncgrrtti & Zamlxa's Pncutcchnique components, it converts tcmpcrature into linear oiltpi~tair pressure which is transmitted through small-bore tubing to the receiving instrument. Thc inherent robustness of the mercury-in-steel nictliod is comi~inrdwith a particular sensitivity and precision peculiar to all our pncuniatic

Rangc cxtcnds up to I 200' F. Spans of 30 F0 or I C0 are normally available, also compensated motlrls and niodels forlow tcniperature applications. ThC transmitter can be used to actuate an air- operated controller to maintain temperature within specific limits. Writc for illustrated brochure T/39/1.

NEGRETTI & ZAMBRA

NEGRETTI & ZAMBRA 110.. REGENT STREET. LONDON Telephone : REGror 3406 CHEMICAL AGE 27 April 1957

\

t

1N.the past perhaps-but not now!

and leggings are supplied in PVC or oilskin. These garments are generously cut-flexible and durable. Write to-day for fully illustrated catalogues shewing our range of protective clothing, gloves, goggles and respirators. All bear the EVERTRUSTY Trade Mark, and are backed by our 70 years specialised knowledge of Industrial Safety Equipment.

49, TABERNACLE STREET, LONDON. E.C.2. Tel. CLErkenwell 144819

623 $7+ pyw k.J 1957

Today high test hydrogen peroxide (H.T.P.)is used as a source of energy for driving missiles and submarines and for the assisted take-off of aeroplanes and helicopters. What a remarkable product hydrogen peroxide is, ranging from the humhle b~t indispensable small bottle for First Aid and other uses In the home, via the higher strength5 relied upon by the textile and many other industries, to this compact and controllable power force. Laporte have pioneered the production and development of hydrogen peroxide ill this country since 1888 and are the largest manufacturers in the British Conimonwealth.

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

A ,,r,s,,l,, /w,,,K t~,~,//~.dtwoj 1~~~1, I~,,I,w,,, ,,,/', by LAPORTE

Laporfe Chemicals Lfd., Lirton. Telephone: LIIIOII 4390. Telegro~iis: Loporf(,. I I~I~III 27 April 1957 CHEMICAL AGE 695

FINE CITRIC ACID IN THE MAKING

A mention of "going out into the world" had a remarkable emct upon our new artist-we may not have to firth him after all! Making allowance for artistic licence, he grasped more or less what we were driving at right away. Sealed in airtight packs, proof against damp and contamination, Sturge citric acid is despatched to customers all over the world. 'The wide variety of purposes for which it is used is a tribute to its outstandirig quality and purity. These uscs include pharmaceutical and medicinal preparations, fruit scluashes and carbonated Ijeverages, sugar confectionery, ,jams and preserves, baby foods, ice cream and processed chcrscs as well as in resins, plasticisers, paints, inks, photography, dyeing, calico printing and electroplating.

BY PRODUCTS 4

JOHN IL E. STURGE LTD WHEELEYS ROAD . BIRMINGHAM, IS . TEL: MIDLAND 1236 IC* a10 696 CHEMICAL AGE 27 April 1957

PETROLEUM- DERIVED AROMATIC SOLVENTS AND HYDROCARBON RESINS

SOLVENT AR-310 SOLVENT AR-395 Boiling range 159- 176" C. Boiling range 2 1 8-269" C. Aromaticity 95% Aromaticity 97% Kauri Butanol Above 90y0

Now avoiloble in bulk or drums ex stock.

OTHER CUTS AVAILABLE ON REQUEST, INCLUDING BOILING RANGES 177-21 loC. & 232-285' C.

PETROLEUM-DERIVED HYDROCARBON ODOURLESS ALIPHATIC SOLVENT RESl NS thinner for odourless paints. of high light stability and compatibility with other synthetic resins. Boiling range about 175-210" C. Softening point about 100" C. ASTM method.

OTHER PRODUCTS CURRENTLY HANDLED IN BULK AND DRUMS INCLUDE: N-BUTANOL . ISO-BUTANOL BUTYL ACETATE XYLOL . ETHYLENE GLYCOL

Enquiries to : CHEMITRADE LTD., 17 STRATTON STREET, LONDON W.I.

Telephone : GROsvenor 3422. Cables : Multikem, London. Telex : London 8694 Traforchem.

ROTARY COMPRESSORS AND VACUUM PUMPS

LOW MAINTENANCE COSTS . LONG LIFE INITIAL EFFICIENCIES MAINTAINED OVER YEARS OF SERVICE The BeA. Holland Engineering Co. Ltd. 15, DARTMOUTH STREET, LONDON, S.W.I. Telephone : WHI 2823. Telegrams : Picturable Phone Lond~n. Works : S L 0 U G H , B U C K S. 27 April 1957 CHEMICAL AGE

used in the manufacture and formulation of a wide range of important products, including

dyes morphoIine non-ionic detergents spinning lubricants foam stabilizers I shampoos accelerators synthetic lubricants hydraulic fluids

The materials can also be used as humectants, plasticisers and mould release agents

Full information and samples on request to:

A wlrolly-o wncd s~rl~sidin

SOUTHERN DIVISIONAL SALES OFFICE 76 STRAND, LONDON, W.C.2. Telephone : COVent Garden 301 1 170 Piccadilly, London, W.1. Telephone: MAYfair 6618 NORTHERN DIVISIONAL SALES OFFICE 1441146 DEANSGATE, MANCHESTER 3 Telephone: Blackfriars 4852 a 698 CHEMICAL ACE 27 April 1957

KESTNERS ARE EXPERT D R Y I NG P L A NT ALL PROBLEMS Kestners introduced the first Spray Drying Plant with centrifugal atomisation-the first Rotary drum or Film Drier with multi-blade staggered knife bar-the first Thermo-Venturi Pneumatic Drier- the first Continuous Infra-red Drier with high-intensity Generators. Kestner Drying plants include the following ranges.

FILM DRIERS INFRA RED DRIERS for drying slurries and viscous liquids. Standard SizesTwith Specially developed for handling vfscous liquids where rapid capacities from 5 Ib. to 1.000 Ib. water evaporated per hour. drying at low temperature is required-and for drying powders or granulated materials down to ultra low moisture content.

Electrically heated. High temperature Fluid heated and lnfra These plants are made in sizes from I KW upwards and can be Red heated machines supplied for special purposes. Particularly operated from any normal works electric power supply. Parti- suitable for drying adhesives, chalk, pigment. foodstuffs, neutral cularly suitable for drying tartaric acid, metallic salts. fine salts. etc. chemicals, etc. SPRAY DRIERS T.V. DRIERS for producing a uniform dry powder from a wide variety of A pneumatic drier operating on fundamentally simple thermo- liquids or solids in suspension in one operation. Drying is instantaneous and discharge of the finished product is con- graphic and aerodynamic principles. These driers are specially tinuous-thus enabling heat sensitive materials like milk, blood suitable for handling damp materials. filter cakes and granular plasma. etc.. to be dried just as easily and efficiently as chemicals. semi-solids. Some outstanding advantages are Continuous such as Magnesium sulphate, tan extracts, soaps, detergents. etc. operation-Absence of moving parts-High thermal efficiency- Standard sizes with capacities from 5 Ib. to 10.000 Ib. water Compactness-Ease of control by unskilled labour. Particularly evaporated per hour. suitable for drying starch, sand. chalk, clay, aspirin, activated Special features include centrifugal atomisation; no jets to block: earth, salt. carbonates, etc. Standard sizes from 10 Ib. to feed by gravity low or pressure pump; no overheating of sensitive 10,000 Ib. water evaporated per hour. products.

We also make Rotary Tunnel Driers, Vacuum Shelf Driers and other driers for specialised applications.

KESTNER EVAPORATOR & ENGINEERING CO. LTD. 5 GROSVENOR GARDENS LONDON S.W.1

T.DRYDEN LTD. Complete Laboratory 'Furnishers

Chemicals and Acids for Laboratory and Industrial Purposes SCIENTIFIC GLASSWARE AND APPARATUS THERMOMETERS HIGH-CLASS FURNISHING PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMICALS & EQUIPMENT

SOUTH WALES STOCKIST and DISTRIBUTOR OF PYREX, MONAX and FlRMASlL GLASSWARE. WHATMAN, POSTLIP and GREENS' FILTER PAPERS. BAlRD & TATLOCK'S APPARATUS. ROYAL WORCESTER PORCELAIN. A. GALLENKAMP'S SPECIALITIES. FIRECLAY and VlTREOSlL WARE. OERTLING & STANTON BALANCES. "ANALAR" ACIDS and CHEMICALS. BRITISH ROTOTHERM TEMPERATURE GAUGES. E-MIL VOLUMETRIC GLASSWARE and THERMOMETERS.

Phone : SWANSEA 5584415 LANDORE SWANSEA 27 April 1957 CHEMICAL AGE 699 --

I CHEMICALS FROM COAL I

PHENOL : 39-5/41"C

CRESOLS : 60164% meta content ortho, pure grade A

XYLENOLS : 1.3.7. 2.412.5 7 17" (specified cuts as required)

Enquiries to :- UNITED COKE & CHEMICALS COMPANY LTD. (SALES DEPARTMliNT 31) 34, Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield, ro Telephone: Sbejield' 6502~ Telegrams: 'Unicbem' Shejield

-. 700 CHEMIlCAL AGE 27 April 1957

Oil-free air compressor

This illustration shows the COMP- TON D Type Series 2 air com-

This machine is of the diaphragm type and gives absolutely oil-free air. Very little

quired as grease- packed and sealed bearings are employed which require no further attention. The Compton Type D is suitable for many applications in Chemical Engineering and full details may be obtained from the manufacturers:

DAWSON McDONALD & DAWSON LTD. COMPTON WORKS Type 162/102 TCWD Two-stage waer-cooled '*Oil Fna '' Com- ASHBOURNE - Phone 113 - DERBYSHIRE pressor. 28 c.f.m. of free air delivered at 60 Ibr./sg. in. accurate

Due to the unique particle size analysis design features of Northey Positive Rotary Vibrat~onalone or hand shaklng IS not suffic~ent Compressors and Vacuum for accurate partlcle slze analysts of mater~als. Pumps, there is a complete V~brat~onalone Is more lncilned to aggregate the particles. The inclyno Test S~eveShaker absence of frictional contact. ensures perfect segregation of the varlous No oil is necessary in the partlcies' slzes in the shortest poss~ble tlme compression chamber, so that the havlng a double movement of gyratlng and air is delivered free from oil and oil joitlng the test mater~al. vapour.

The lnclyno Test Sieve Shaker is an V essential unlt for all laboratories and For details of this highly successful and1widely IS standard equipment In many used equipment write to: government laboratortes, nationalized lndustr~es and lndustry In general.

Operated by a fract~onaih.p. motor and suppiled complete wlth automatic tlme swltch covertng test periods up to 60 mlnutes. Models-ava~lable for k. ail slzes of standard test sieves.

ALDER ROAD PARKSTONE POOLE DORSET I JEST SIEVE SHAKER TELEPHONE PARKSTONE 4900 Write or telephone THE PASCALL ENGINEERING CO. LTD. (2 LINES) Crawley 25166 for IN 905 GATWICK ROAD-CRAWLEY. SUSSEX 27 April 1957 CHEMICAL AGE 702 CHEMICAL AGE 27 April 1957

hydroxy analog

MONSANTO CHEMICALS LIMW, 1 I 244 Monsanto House, Victoria Streeti Iwbn, 8.1.1 rpo at noN txmnfe, I Monsanto Chmlcnl Cotnsanu. St. Louzs nda Ltd . Montreal. Monsanto ~hrrnfcol; Jurne Monsanto Chemicalsol IndfaPrivate 1* ntatlves tn the world's mfnclpal clties $ . 27 April 1957 CHEMICAL AGE 703

BOUVERIE HOUSE 154 FLEET STREET . LONDON EC4 Editor Monoger M. C. HYDE H. A. WILLMOIT

Director N. E. LIVINGSTONE WALLACE POLLUTION RESEARCH Midlands Office Daimler House, Paradise Street, Birmingham. [Midland 0784-51 HAT THERE is a pressing need for greater co-operation between Leeds Office research workers in the chemical industry on air and water pollution, both within the UK and on an international level, is obvious from Martins Bank Chambers, Park Row, T Leeds I. [Leeds 226011 two reports published last week. The first of these reports-'Air and Water Pollution: The Position in Scottish Office Eurooe and the United States'-is published by the European Productivity Agency of the Organisation of European Economic Economy (OEEC) 116 Hope Street, Glasgow. C2. (price 18s, 18s 6d by post, from HM Stationery Ofice). It will be reviewed in [Central 3954-51 CHEMICALAGE next week. The second, ' Water Pollution Research, 1956 ', the annual report of the Water Pollution Research Board, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), is reviewed in page 707 of this issue. The OEEC report, compiled from the findings of two missions (136 and 1-15), has been published following a proposal of the OEEC chemical pro- ducts committee that a team of experts should be sent to the US to study problems of air and water pollution caused by the chemical industry. IN THIS ISSUE Perusal of the DSIR report indicates that development or improvements of methods of treating sewage and industrial wastes have been prominent Rayon Merger at the UK Water Pollution Research Board. But even the board feels that the proportion of the effort devoted to industrial problems has been rather New Tin Finish low, particularly in view of difficulties being encountered by many manu- Rome Treaty Tariffs facturers in treating and disposing of their waste liquors without causing Free Trade and Chemical Indusky offence. Closer liaison with organisations representing large groups of industries Water Pollution Research is suggested as being of great value and the board hopes it will be possible UK's Largest Deoxo Plant to make suitable arrangements in the near future. In this respect there has Distillates been some interchange between the committee on effluent treatment of the Federation of British Industries and the laboratory, while close contact British Industries Fair has also been maintained with the trade effluents committee of the Associa- Overseas News tion of British Chemical Manufacturers. Chemical Pioneers Ths OEEC report refers to the specialised research centres in the UK which cater for the needs of many types of industries. OEEC mission 136 People in the News observes that some US laboratories appear to be undertaking identical Commercial News types of research, but there is not always the 'same degree of specialisation Market Reports as in Europe. It is suggested that the US is not more advanced in basic For Your Diary knowledge relating to pollution problems, although it is noted that the US spends more on research and development, particularly the latter. Chemical Prices Research in the various countries of the world is obviously. being dupli- Stock Market cated. To avoid this waste of time and money, it is clearly desirable that there should be a better distribution of research work carried out at inter- national level. This suggestion is emphasised by the OEEC missions, which feel that each organisation could then concentrate more thoroughly and more effec- tively on the sector for which it is best adapted. European co-operation on pollution problems may well be worthy of Annual subscription is 52s 6d ($7.40). consideration. particularly where international interests are involved, either single copies 1s 36 @y port 1s 6d) in connection with research or legislation. This may well come into being, 704 CHEMICAL AGE 27 April 1957 for it is hoped that within six months of the publication of the industry to improve quality and reduce costs and thus the OEEC report a meeting can be arranged by OEEC to compete more effectively, not only in the home market, which participating countries would be invited to send but in overseas markets rationalisation of effort has been representatives to discuss the desirability of extending the thought desirable. The proposed collaboration by the two scope of European co-operation and to make appropriate largest UK producers is seen therefore as an attempt to recommendations. Certainly the report provides valuable accelerate and channel new developments, be they technical guidance for all the countries concerned. or commercial. In 1956, UK output of man-made fibres totalled 483 FREE TRADE million Ib. and the total lor 1960 has been estimated at over 600 million. However, whereas in 1950, viscose and HE FBI SURVEY of the projected European free-trade acetate rayon accounted for almost all the synthetic fibre area (see page 705) is the most important document yet output, there will be in 1960 other new synthetics such as published on this subject. For the first time it gives British nylon, Terylene and other new fibres. Nylon output is nou industry a clear and detailed analysis of the background of the order of 30 million Ib., and that of Terylene, 20 to the common market treaty signed recently in Rome and million Ib. Outpul of Terylene will increase when to the wider free-trade area in which it is proposed that the Imperial Chemical Industries 1-td. new extensions are in UK should participate. operation. British Celanese itself is already producing For the first time, the provisions of the Rome treaty have nylon 6 (Celon) and another company, British Enka. been published in English. Alongside this translation, the licensed to produce nylon, is likely to produce this also. survey outlines the recommendations of the OEEC work- Courtaulds are already producing their acrylic fibre. ing party and the probable effect of these provisions on Courtelle, and full production of this fibre is due in 1959 UK industry and commerce. from the new plant at Grimsby which is to open this year. It is clear that the chemical industry-because it is at It will be recalled too that the US company Chemstrand present among the more heavily protected of British indus- is setting up a plant in Northern Ireland which is to pro- tries-it likely to be harder hit than most if the free-trade duce about five million Ib. of Acrilan in 1959 and 10 area comes into being. While it is right that the difficulties million Ib. in 1960. should not be minimised, it would be wrong to take an This source of foreign competition and the possibility of unduly pessimistic view, for undeniably, the chemical further competition from the US due to the agreement industry is financially in a relatively strong position to between Harbens and the American Viscose Corporation, withstand the rigours of increased competition from the the largest US producer of rayon and once a subsidiary of Continent. Courtaulds, under which know-how will be shared, and It will immediately receive protection against competi- patented American Viscose yarns can be produced under tion from outside Europe. But a far more positive gain will licence, are considered to have influenced the Courtaulds- be the immense market opened up on the Continent. Some British Celanese merger. chemical manufacturers have already been quick to grasp Variations in established fibres are being developed by the potentialities of this new mass market; it would not both Courtaulds and British Celanese. Courtaulds are be unfair to say they are probably those best equipped to stated to be rapidly developing production of a 'strong' take advantage of it. viscose staple ;nd ~ritish~clanese are going ahead with There is still plenty of time-at least 12 to 15 years-in tri-acetate fibre. which firms now more vulnerable can set about examining Rayon, nhile still in prominence, and new uses being how they can establish themselves on a more competitive found for it (such as in carpets), is likely to be over basis. It is quite clear from a reading of the survey, that shadowed more and more by the newer synthetics. This firms or sections of industry that are unable-or unwilling brings development costs to the fore for both Courtaulds -to take advantage of the next few years will get little or and British Celanese. E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co. Inc. no help in their difficulties through the invocation of escape are stated to have spent something of the order of £16 clauses. Certainly the Government should consider how it million on nylon research and development. Combined can help in these cases. research and development by Courtaulds and British Smaller firms in the chemical industry might find it to Celanese should therefore avoid unnecessary expenditure their advantage to get together and plan a combined pro- and materially reduce costs. duction and distribution policy for it is obvious that com- panies or groups of companiei with the most resources will be in the securest position. This is a problem that could NEW METAL FINISH well be discussed within the Association of British Chemi- cal Manufacturers. We should also like to see it discussed NEW, bright metal finish for industrial and domestic at open forums up and down the country. Only by such A use is promised from experimental work now being discussion will the industry find the means of taking the undertaken at the Tin Research Institute, Greenford, best possible advantage of a European free trade area. Middlesex. When in commercial production, this finish is likely to challenge bright finishes of other metals in such RAYON MERGER fields. Research staff of the Institute have found that the addi- AIN talking point in the City recently has been tion of a small quantity of wood tar to solutions used in Mthe proposed merger of Courtaulds and British tin plating causes the tin coating to be deposited as a bright Celanese, the two largest UK producers of man- finish. Experiments are still going on to discover the con- made fibres. The UK synthetic fibre industry is still stituent of the tar which causes this finish, but sufficient largely based on rayon. Viscose rayon (of which results have been obtained to show that the bright plating Courtaulds is the largest producer) and acetate rayon (the process is a practical proposition. main producer of which is British Celanese) are stated to Electrical equipment and instrument parts are among the account for nearly 90 per cent (by weight) of UK man- products which would benefit from this new process. While made fibre production. Viscose rayon alone is thought to this development is still in the laboratory stage, results to represent three-quarters of all rayon produced. date were described at the spring conference recently of However, man-made fibre production in the UK has the Institute of Metal Finishing in a paper presented by been changing and has given rise, it is understood, to many three members of the TRI research staff-Mr. S. C. Britton, technical and commercial problems. In order to enable Mr. A. M. Harper and Mr. A. Mohan. 27 April 1957 CHEMICAL AGE 705 EUROPEAN FREE TRADE AREA

earth colours, calcined or mixed; oil and other products of the distillation of high FBI Survey Gives Details of Rome temperature coal tar, except phenols, creosotes, etc., pitch and pitch coke, ozokerite, lignite wax, etc., petroleum Treaty Tariffs bitumen, etc., and bitumen mixtures; tanning extracts, except mimosa and quebracho; tannins, syntans; vegetable HE CHEMICAL industry is among British industries likely to be hit hardest colouring matter; essential oils, resinoids; by the projected free trade area. This is because it enjoys a higher than average miscellaneous chemicals such as artificial T graphite, animal black, etc.; tall oil, spirits tariff protection. This point is made in 'European Free Trade Area', survey a of turpentine, resin and resin acids and oils; for industrialists published by the Federation of British Industries. vegetable pitch, etc.; wrought nickel; The FBI survey is the lirst detailed analysis of the common market agreement, wrought aluminium; wrought magnesium; signed recently in Rome. It includes the time table to which the six Messina semi-manufactured tungsten, molybdenum, countries will adhere when lowering their tariff rates and relaxing quantitative tantalum and other basic metals in certain restrictions. The FBI survey makes the point that the proposed free-trade area forms. will, if put into effect, represent a change of course for British commercial policy Not to exceed 15 per cent: Inorganic comparable in significance, though opposite in direction, to the UK's abandonment chemicals; organic and inorganic com- of free trade in the early 1930's. pounds of precious metals, or rare earth metals, of radioactive elements and of Thls report of the I-81 survey summarises 9. Harmonisation of social policy (in- isotopes, with few exceptions such as crude the main points of the common market cluding adopting the policy of equal pay iodine and bromine; selenium and project set out in the Rome treaty; it is for men and women doing the same job). phosphorus ; sodium chlorate and followed by a summary of the sections of 10. Creation of a European social fund potassium chlorate etc. the survey that deal with the proposed UK in the interests of employment. Not to exceed 25 per cent: Organic participation in a wider free-trade area. II. Establishment of a European Invest- chemicals withcertainexceptions; synthetic The distinction between 'con~mon ment Bank to create new resources. organic dyestuffs; natural indigo colour market' and 'free trade area' is clearly 12. Association of dependent countries lakes; artificial resins and plastics materials defined. The first refers to the development with the Community and the establishment in liquid, paste etc. of a customs and economic union; a of a development fund. To be admitted duty-fiee: Nickel and its common policy will be adopted so that the Under the Rome treaty, tariffs on goods intermediates; selenium; unprepared bees- movement of goods between the six imported from each of the Six will be wax; vegetable waxes; natural magnesium Messina countries-Belgium, France, Ger- reduced during the 12-15-year period and carbonate; crude petroleum. many, Holland, Italy and Luxembourg- abolished by the end of it by the following Fixed at 3 per cent: Crude phenols, will be as unaffected by barriers between steps, each of which is a minimum: xylenols and cresols; 5 per ccnt: carbon them as is trading in England by the exist- black; 8 per cent: naphthalene, tertiary ence of county boundaries. Timetable butyl alcohol; I0 per cent: oxides and The 'free trade area' will comorise a wider circle of countries-in the' initial Stage 1 (4 years): 10 per cent reduction hydroxides of iron; potassium; sodium chlorate; I5 per cent: phosphorous: stages probably Britain, Denmark, Sweden, of the original duty on every product within 12 months of the treaty coming into titanium oxide and titanium white. Norwav. Swltrerlantl. and ~~~-Aurtria. -Each ~ of- . .. ..,.- . Other duties already fixed relate mainly these countries will continue to maintain force; 5 per cent reduction of the original to foodstuffs. its own tariffs on goods coming from the duty on every product and 10 Per cent outside world. 1t is alsopossible that reduction of the total customs revenue Nuclear Research the free trade area, ~~~~~~~k,N~~-within the next 18 months; similar way and sweden (~i~l~~dat a pater stage) reductions within the following 18 months, Euratotn.-Under the Euratom treaty may form a scandinaviancommon market. making at least a 25 per cent reduction of signed at the same time, the Six will set up the duty on every product. a Community Nuclear Research Centre; Main Features This process is to be repeated in the disseminate information; notify the com- second four-year stage until by the end of mission of projected investments. Sapply Central features of the common market it there is at least 50 per cent reduction on of ores, raw materials and fissile matter is to (European Economic Community as it is every product. By the end of the third be ensured on the principle of equal access officially designated) are: four-year stage all remaining duties will be to resources and a joint policy. Euratom I. Elimination between members of abolished, by a timetable to be decided. will own all special fissile matter produced customs duties and quotas on both imports The Six have also agreed to create a or imported; there will be a common and exports. This is to bc achieved pro- common external tariff so that they each market in nuclear materials. Any European gressively during a 12-15-year period levy the same customs duties on goods state may apply to join Euratom. (divided into three stages of four years imported from outside the common market. So far as quantitative restrictions are each, with possible deferment of the Basic principal of this common external concerned, no new restrictions are to be second stage), according to a prescribed tar~ffis that common duties will be pitched introduced and members' present free lists method and timetable. at the arithmetical average of the existing are to be made permanent. Quotas 2. Establishment of a common external duties. Some of the common tariffs already existing when the Treaty comes into force customs tariff and a common commercial agreed are listed below: are to be abolished at the latest by the end policy vis-a-vis other countries. Nut to c~xceed3percent: Certain mineral of the 12-15-year period. The FBI survey 3. Abolition between members of barriers products in the crude state; crude details the agreed schedule for this to the free circulation of persons, service!, metalliferous minerals; peat, coke, gas reduction. and capital. carbon, coal gas tars, etc.; natural There are three major escape clauses 4. A common managed (but not free) fertilisers; beryllium unwrought. which will be closely regulated. They market in agricultural products. NII~ to exceed 10 per ccnt: Vegetable cover balance of payments difficulties; 5. A common transport policy. saps and extracts; agar-agar and other acute difficulties for a particular sector or 6. Establishment of rules of fair com- natural thickeners extracted from vegetable region; and a special exemption for the petition. materials (other than pectin); fats and oils system of export subsidies and special 7. Co-ordination of economic policies. of fish and marine animals, refined; wool taxes in the franc zone. 8. Alignment of legislation in the six grease and fatty substances, animal oils and The Rome treaty forbids export quotas countries, where necessary. fats, degras, glycerol, spermaceti, etc.; and equivalent measures and these are to CHEMICAL AGE 27 April 1957 be abolished by the end of the fist stage. Restrictive practices are declared in- of making adequate provision for re- Exemptions or refunds of taxes on export compatible with the common market and placement of fixed assets is already acute may not be granted except for turnover are forbidden, except where they may help in view of the present taxation treatment taxes, excise duties and other indirect taxes. improve production or distrihution, or of depreciation. The free trade area may The laws of the Six for such taxes will where they help to promote technical pro- he cxpected to lend urgency to these probably be harmonised. The treaty con- gress. Firms will not be allowed improperly problems. The Government will also have to con- tains two provisions aimed at preventing to exploit a dominant position. dumping and it is pointed out that the sider spec~almeasures of aid for those abolition of dual PI icing will mean that the The Six are to set up an assembly. a lirms and industries that will be hard-hit export price will be the same as for the council, a commission, consultative com- hy the increase of imports from the home market so that the dumper's goods mittees, a court of justice and linancial Continent. Firms and industries which could be returned to his own home market. organs. consider they stand to lose more than they stand to gain from the entry of the UK into the free trade area are entitled to demand more reassurances on this LIKELY EFFECT OF FREE TRADE point than they have yet received. ON UK CHEMICAL INDUSTRY made in this country or unless homc sup- Register of Restrictive HE SURVEY also analyses the posi- Trading Agreements Ttlon - ot UK industries in relation to a plies arc inadequate to nicet the users' free trade area. It is stated for instance needs. Synthetic organic dyestuffs arc I'llE I'UHLIC RBCIIS'IER of restrictive trad- that the British industries most likely to now exempt from import duty. ing agrcelncnts was opened for inspection be affected by the area are those that are It is obvious, the survey statcs, that on 15 April. Except for week-ends and now most heavily protected, among which certain UK industries would be hit hard certain holidays. the register will be open is the chemical ~ndustry. ~f the free trade area comes about. But daily from 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. It may The general level ot UK ad valorerit the working' party of the Organisation be inspected on payment of a fee of Is duties on chemicals (other than those for European Economic Co-operation a day on the 7th floor at Chancery covered by Key Industry Duty) is between (OEEC) recommends that the tests for House. Chancery Lane. London. WCZ; 17f and 33j per cent. KID ranging from ~nvokingan escape clause in the case of 9 Wemyss Place. Edinburgh 3; and at 10 to 50 per cent-but generally 33t per hardship to a particular industry of any 64 Chichester Street, Belfast. cent-overs all synthetic organic chemi- country should be very stringent; other- About 1.400 agreements have been cals (other than synthetic organic dye- wise the scheme would break down as rcccived for registration. Agreements stuffs, colours and colouring matters im- country after country made special ex- covering chemicals and pharmaceuticals ported for use as such and organic inter- ceptions in favour of particular indus- total 65. mediate products imported for their tries. manufacture), analytical reagents, all other fine chemicals (except sulphate of Dual Pricing Research on Metals quinine of vegetable origin) and chemicals for Nuclear Energy manufactured by fermentation processes; The OEEC working party recom- certain optical goods including micro- mended that dual pricing should be dis- A PRO~IKAMME of research on metallur- scopes; scientific and laboratory equip- continued. In practice, it probably gical problems arising from the genera- ment-beakers, Aasks, burettes, measur- could not be maintained once export res- tion of power from nuclear sources has ing cylinders, thermometers, tubing and trictions had been abolished. If, for been startcd by the British Non-Ferrous other scientific glassware and lamp- example, the National Coal Board and Mctals Research Association. blown ware, evaporating dishes, crucibles, the British steel industry were not rcs- Announcing this at thc association's combustion boats and other laboratory tricted as to their exports, then the homc annual meeting in Birmingham on 24 porcelain; instruments-galvanometers, price of coal and steel would tend to April, the chairman of council, Dr. pyrometers, electroscopes, barometers, rise to the level of prices prevailing on Maurice Cook (chairman of the metals analytical and other precision balances. the Continent. for it thcy did not the d~vis~onof Imperial Chemical Industries) and other scientific instruments, gauges coal and steel industries would tend to said that as a first step. with the co- and measuring instruments; carbons-arc- give first priority in supplies to conti- operiition of the nuclear power consortia lamp carbons, activated carbons and nental customers. iind the Atomic Energy Authority, work amorphous carbon electrodes. It is also recomniended that if 'free w.1~ already in progress on the metallur- trade' industries arc to compete on equal gical propcrties of thorium and thorium Revenue Duties terms. thcy must have free and equ:~l i~lloys. The metal is of considerable in- access to raw materials produced within terest for the development of new types A third category of UK import duties the area. But if artificial restrictions are of rcactors. -revenue duties, levied primarily to raise done away with, some industries will This is. however, only one aspect of revenue rather than to protect home in- have an advantage because of their near- the association's activities, for the 46 dustry-overs chloral hydrate, collo- ness to the sources of supply. major researches now in progress also in- dion; ether (acetic, butyric and sulphuric): The survey states that further con- clude the properties of titanium; the ethyl (bromide, chloride and iodide): sideration will have to be given to the smeltin: and rcfining of copper and lead: hydrocarbon oils; methylated spirits for means of ending all export subsidies and the engineering properties of aluminium manufacturing purposes. incentives; to efforts to halt currency alloys: new types of chromium plate and The UK Government believes that the mnnipulation; and to anti-dumping regu- other finishes for metals: rapid analysis system of customs drawback on import lations, particularly in the case of quick of metals by X-rays. and corrosion and duty would be unfair in a free trade area dumping forays. designed to knock out protection. and would tend to distort the pattern of conipetitors. For dumping there would The steady expansion of the work of trade. It would be discontinued for cx- have to be a complaints procedure and the association c:ills for much new equip- ports to the free trade area. the right to levy countervailing duties. rncnt and consequently for more space, Chemicals and allied products to which Consideration will also have to be and a new laboratory block is to be quantitative import restrictions apply in given to patents and trade marks and to erected adjacent to the present premises the UK include: calcium carbide; dye- monopolies and restrictive business prac- In Euston Street. London. stuffs and intermediates: laboratory por- tices. celain ware; lithopone and other pig- Discussing the action that may he ments containing zinc sulphide: scientific nceded in the UK if British industry and New Cliemical Factory and optical glassware and instruments: commerce are to compete fairly with thc Clodol Industries Ltd.. chemical manu- certain chemicals and pharmaceuticals. continental countries, the survey says 'The facturers. 37 Lovaine Place, Newcastle- Dyestuffs are still subject to special pro- taxation of industry and commerce in the on-Tyne I. have plans in hand for the tection. Import licences are not nor- UK is already in urgent need of thorough- construction of a factory on a site at mally issued unless the dyestuff is not going reform.' In particular the problem Forth Banks. Newcastle-on-Tyne. 27 April 1957 CHEMICAL AGE

plant. Experiments in which solutions of peptone have been used have shown th. DS 1R Rep0 rt Outlines Work of the rate of growth of micro-organisms is greater in these than it is in sewage. The -PO rotating-tube appaRtus was primarily de- Water 11 ution Lab0rat0 ry signed for studvine the biochemical a&vlty of the filh, and the distribution ESULTS obtaincd during 1956 are Co~npositionand treatment of sewage of carbon and nitrogen between liquid, R briefly describcd in the annual report is being studied at the new laboratory film, and atmosphere has been determined of the Water Pollution Research Board ol by mcans of a sewer carrying entirely before and after passage of settled sew- the Department of Scientific and Indus- domcstic sewage across tne site. In age through the apparatus. trial Research. This report-' Water cxpcriments on treatment of sewage con- lnvcstigation of thc use of anaerobic Pollution Research 1956 '-is obtainable taining synthetic detergents in small-scalc digestion for treatment of strong organic from HM Stationery Ofice price 4s. by activated-sludge units, the results ob- industrial wastes is being continued. The post 4s 3d. ta;ned wcrc somcwhat similar to those rcport states that in a 500-gallon pilot- The method lor calculating the distri- obtaincd in pilot-scale percolating filters. scale digester treating slaughterhousc bution of dissolved oxygen in the Thames At first a high proportion of thc synthetic waste a ~rcductionof 88 per cent in BOD Estuary under given conditions is dis- detergent was removed in the activated- was obtained by digestion for 36 hours at cussed and there are sections dealing with sludge units. The proportion then fell to 33°C. In experiments on the biological the oxygen balance in surface waters, the a lower value and later rose again to a destruction of cyanide in percolating etlects of pollution on fish. the trcatmcnt fairly stcady removal of about 80 per filters maturing of a new filter was of sewage and of industrial wastes and ccnt of thc detcrgent applied. During round to be accelerated if a small amount the development of automatic instru- most of the experiment 40 p.p.m. or more of organic matter (peptone or sewage) ments. activc agent was added to the sewage and was added to the cyanide solution. Once In the study of the Thames Estuary the this caused a dist~nctdeterioration in the matured the filters tolerated interruptions main effort has been directed to the quality of the purified efllucnt. in usc such as might occur at night, at mathematical problem of predicting the It is reported that the mechanism by weekends, and during holidays, if used distribution of dissolved oxygcn in the which biological film builds up in per- lor treating, for example, plating-shop estuary from a knowledge of the amount colating filters is being studied in a effluents. of polluting matter discharged, the rate laboratory-scale rotating tube apparatus Finally the report gives details of a at which it is oxidiscd, the rate of re- and in a micro-filter, which can be polargraphic dissolved-oxygen recorder in aeration, and the effect of tidal and fresh- directly otscrved and photographed under which the dropping-mercury electrode is water flow on mixing of the discharges a microscope. Although organisms specially designed to secure stability in with estuarine water. The distribution typical of percolating filters developed in operation over long periods. The appara- calculated for present conditions agrees. the rotating tube up to the present the tus performed satisfactorily for seven it is stated, reasonably well with the cvents which have occurred in the micro- weeks when used for recording the con- observcd distribution and the method of filters seem to be different from those centration of dissolved oxygen in the calculation developed, appears to be suffi- which would be expected in full-scale cmuent at a sewage-disposal works. ciently reliable to he used to predict thc elfect of changes in the polluting load. Because of the difliculty of making controlled observations in natural water- Largest Deoxo Gas Purifier Installed at courses considerable use has been made BOC'S Middlesbrough Plant OE an artificial channel having different slopes in its coursc at the laboratory to HE largest Deoxo catalytic gas puri- perience with Deoxo gas purifiers, BOC study the effect of polluting substances on T fier so lar installcd in this country decided to use this process for removal the rate of absorption of oxygen from the went on stream with the sLart-up of residual oxygen before piping the atmosphere by flowing water. Sewage recently of the British Oxygen Com- pure nitrogen to Wilton. effluent and synthctic detergents were pony's new air liquefaction plant at Although this purifier is the largest of each found to dcprcss the rate of up-takc Middlcshrough. its kind on stream in this country, larger of oxygen by water, the effect being One of the functions of this new plant units will be in use shortly and compar- greatest under conditions of turbulencc is to supply high purity nitrogen to the able units have been in operation on the similar to those which might be cxpectcd nearby Wilton works of Imperial Chemi- Continent for several years. The manu- in a placid river flowing in relatively flat cal Indr~stries Ltd. After previous ex- facturers, Baker Platinum Division of country. From results obtaincd the rate Engelhard Industries Ltd., 52 High Hol- of up-take of oxygen by a river yatcr born, London, WC1, are currently work- containing known proportions of sewage ing on designs for purifiers with capa- effluent and synthctic detcrgent can be cities up to 2,000,000 s.c.f.h. predicted with fair accuracy. The Middlesbrough Deoxo is capable of purifying large quantities of nitrogen and according to performance data so Effects on Fish far available, the level of oxygen remain- Effects of pollution on fish have con- ing in the gas after purification is well firmed the earlier ohscrvation that rain- within the guaranteed specification. bow trout were the most susceptible to This 'D' type purifier is designed for lack of oxygcn and tcnch were the most the con:inuous removal of molecular resistant. In one scrics of experiments a oxygen from nitrogen by combining it batch of 10 trout required 30 per cent of with hydrogen to yield water vapour; the the saturation concentration of oxygen to combination is effected over a special survive for 3f days. whereas a batch of catalyst that is highly active at room tench tolerated a concentration of only temperature. The water vapour formed 5 per cent of the saturation value. is rcmoved in a standard drier. Experiments on gas liquor have shown Other types of Deoxo purifiers allow that toxicity of the liquor is due mainly for selective combination of oxygen with 10 the ammonia and the phenols con- hydrogen in the presence of carbon tained in it. As the effect appears to be monoxide; oxidation of carbon monoxide additive, it is considered possible to to carbon dioxide; oxidation of hydro- calculate the toxicity of a gas liquor, and carbons to carbon dioxide; hydrogena- probably also of a coke-oven liquor, from tion of carbon monoxide to methane; the concentrationr of ammonia and /icr, r~~\roll<,rl(I/ 130("\ Mid(ll(~\.hrough and selective hydrogenation of acetylene phenols determined by chcmical analysis. /~/(r~lthy L3~1hi,rPltilil~l~tit Division in ethylene. 708 CHEMICAI, AGE 27 April 1957

had conjured up that new word 'tery- lenity.' Apartial solution, suggests Mr. Allen, is the use of two distinct types of model- lirstly the process design model, really a 3-D sketch, and the other the detailed de- sign model; in the case of chemical plant. it might be termed the 'pipe-work' model. It is hoped that stereoscopic photograph$ of this latter type model will provide the equivalent of blue-prints of portions ol ENQUIRIES for 'tennis ' members of the group committee. At thc the model. It is obvious that this method atomic power plants have been annual meeting on Thursday this week will cut draughtsman-hours and help pro- *recfived by Humphreys and Glasgow they were to present him with a silvcr duce results much more quickly than by W.,London, from authorities and com- tray. Mr. Langwell, formerly with The the conventional drawing-board. panies all over the world since the com- Distillers Co. Ltd., has served on the pany first announced at the end of committee in various capacities con- THEPHRASE 'or other allied trades' can January that Alco Produce Inc., New tinuously since 1934. cover a multitude ol' activities. It came York, had given them world rights out- Chairman from 1934 to 1936, Mr. urlder judicial review recently in For side the American continent For the sale Langwell became hospitality officer from Clrr?nical Olgincrring Works Lld. r. and development of these small pres- 1943, when the post was creatcd, serving Martin and Another. The defendants. surised water reactors. (' Chemical Age; until 1954, since when he has been an were under an obligation not to use their 2 February, page 203). ordinary member of the committee. premises for any purpose other than the When this announcement was made, business of a plastics manufacturer 'or operating costs of between lfd and 2d a f Tm PERIOD between invention and other allied tradcs'. unit and capital costs of £200 a kilowatt lull-scale production in the chemical and In 1950, defcndents turncd over mainly were quoted. Mr. Ambrose Congreve. plastics industries has become a lorbid- from plastics to metal spinning and it was chairman of Humphreys and Glasgow. ding problem. Just how serious it is was argued that metal spinning was a diKerent now states that these plants are expected described by Mr. P. C. Allen, ICI fibres' gcnus from plastics manufacturing. Hi$ to produce electricity for only Id to lfd director in the April issue of Tkc I('/ Lordship, however, did not think that this a unit, with a capital cost of £150 a kilo- Magazine. test of association with the end product watt. These revised figures are based on In the case of polythene. it was six could be the right construction of the European manufacturing costs and yearsand 'something like a fortune' before phrase. The test should be to judge the further reductions may be possible whcn the first full-scale plant with an annual phrase by the machincry. tools and detailed figures are available in a month's capacity of 100 tons started the day war methods used and the workmen time. broke out; in the States nylon demanded employed. The world's first 'tennis-court' atomic something like 10 years of development As the same machincs were used both power plant-it occupies an area no and an expenditure of 27 million dollars fol. plastics and metal spinning, it was greater than a lawn tennis court-has plus the services of hundreds of trained held that plaintilrs had failed to prove started operating at Fort Belvoir near minds before it came on the market. that the latter was not an allied trade. Washington and will be formally opened Terylene was first made in a test tube by President Eisenhower on 29 April. at Calico Printers, Accrington, in the spring of 1941. Nearly 14 years and f13 million later, the product was in full *So FAR two of the six councils on scale production and ICI advertising men industrialTees-side have accepted the offer of Imperial Chemical Industries to subsi- dise houses for their workers (see Distillates. 13 Aoril). These are Skelton Phenolic Resins for Italian Metalurgical and roti ion urban' Council and Guis- Glass Laminates Session in London borough Urban Council. To help overcome housing and labour GOOD mechanical properties at com- paratively high temperatures are claimed A HALF-DAY scientific session will be held problems connected with their develop- by the Associazione ltaliana di Metal- ment projects, ICI offered a subsidy cf for laminates made from a low pressure phenolic resin produced by Bakelite Ltd. lurgia at Church House, Great Smith £20 for 20 years for every house Street, London SW1, on 29 April, start- allocated to their key employers. The resin (V17085) is a solution in in- dustrial alcohol of a phenolic resin de- ing at 10 a.m. This session is being held Some of the councils estimate that even in conncction with the joint spring meet- with the subsidy it would cost them £600 signed particularly for impregnation of glass fibre textiles. ing of the Institute of Metals and over 20 years to provide a house that certain Italian and Swiss societies. would be exclusively for IC1 workers; Glass laminates made from the new resin can be used at relatively high tem- Papers will be presented and discussed responsibility of evicting a worker who in Italian. No tickets are required and left ICI would belong to the council. peratures (200-250'C) without serious loss of strength. Tbey will retain full visitors will be welcome. Summaries in mechanical streneth for loneer-. oeriods at English will be avail:tble. $ A 'TALL STORY' was the verdict thar lower temperatures. Maximum tempera- one reader gave to Alembic's news about ture is 300°C for short per~odsonly. the demolition of the 300 ft. stack of Safetv Exhibition to be British Chrome and Chemicals Ltd., at Rutherglen (Distillates, 13 April). Mr. UK Drug Exports Held in Birmingham P. K. Potter of the company's Hall in 1956 Worth li36m. F~UR~Hbiannual mccting of the Bir- Chemical Workers, near Bolton, was quite LAST YEAR British export.; of drugs and mingham and District Industrial Safety right to doubt the weight of 25,000 tons medicines amounted to a record of Group will be held in Bingley Hall. Bir- ascribed to this tallest works chimney in £35,943,000. This is an increase of mingham. from 14 to 21 June. Princi- Scotland. As Mr. Potter says 'Somebody £58,000 on the previous year. Antibiotics pal feature will be a special exhibit con- must have got mixed up with the are still the leading product accounting tributed by the UK Atomic Energy naughts-What a Crash'! for nearlv £7 million. Vitamins Authority. accounted for nearly £3 million. Sul- In addition to the exhibition a two- * THE 'EXTREMELY valuable work' that phonamide preparations (£If million), day conference on the increasing use by Mr. W. H. Langwell has done for the aspirin and synthetic antimalarial drugs industry of atomic energy and its by- plastics and polymer group of the Society (£1 million each), and barbiturates, in- products will be held. Papers will be of Chemical Industry over many years sulin and antihistamine drugs also con- presented by Atomic Energy Authority is being rewarded by past and present tributed significantly to the total. experts. 27 April 1957 CHEMICAL AGE 709 1957 BRITISH INDUSTRIES FAIR

and special feeder block. Capacity using Products and Equipment for the Chemical typical cold feed rubber is 350 Ib./hr. Another exhibit will be the Osborn automatic hopper loader. This is air and Allied Industries operated and suitable for lifting from con- tainer to hopper, all free-flowing granular HIS YEAR, the British Industries Those interested in the subject of sewage and reground materials. It is complete Fair, for the first time in the nearly 40 disposal equipment and also in the disposal with vibratory feed, automatic shut-off and Tyears of its existence, is concentrated of trade wastes, are invited to call at the re-start mechanisms. at Castle Bromwich. Birmingham. Thc company's stand (1331/1230). An Osborn heating unit designed for the Fair opens on 6 May and closes on 17 May. heat control of moulds as used on injection There is no chemical section at the 1957 Centrifugal and Diaphragm moulding machines, will be shown. This is BIF as there was at last year's Fair, but an entirely self-contained unit in an being a general or samples exhibition a Pumps enclosed cabinet with water pump, cooling wide variety of industrial and engineering Under a recently concluded agreement - fan, immersion heaters and thermostats. products on show will interest the chemical with the Barnes Manufacturing Co., US, For demonstration purposes this unit will and allied industries. Some of these pro- Richard W. Hill and Co. Ltd., 58 London be coupled to a hot plate to illustrate the ducts and equipment, including many new Road, Leicester, are now licensed to manu- degree of control available (D.2451144). and improved lines, are described in the facture the US concern's full range of self- following preview. In each case. stand priming centrifugal and diaphragm pumps. New Polyurethane Type numbers are printed in bold type. A display of these pumps can be examined on the stand of Richard W. Hill and Co. Rubber One of the salient features of these pumps Valves and Thermostatic A range of products made by the is that they will prime with only one-third engineering components' division of the Blenders of the normal water level in the tank. This, Dunlop Rubber Co. Ltd., Fort Dunlop, of course, reduces to an absolute minimum Companies of the Charles Winn Group Erdington, Birmingham, will be shown in the chances of a failure to prime due to exhibiting will be Charles Winn and Co. Duthane, a new type of synthetic rubber solids obstructing the clack valve. All based on polyurethane. It is reported to Ltd. and Wynn (Valves) Ltd. of Granvill models are stated to lift at depths up to Street, Birmingham I, and Tansley Bros. have exceptional abrasion and tear re- 25 ft. and will handle 25 per cent solids by Ltd., Mill Lane, Kidderminster. Drinking sistance, very great tensile strength, volume of the liquid being pumped. excellent bonding properties, and high fountains, mixing valves and thermostatic The units being manufactured in the UK blenders will be shown by Charles Winn resistance to oil and petrol. Widely and Co. Ltd. (8.229). Wynn (Valves) Ltd. will be identical with the US types with the differing rubberlike properties can be exception of prime movers (petrol, diesel, will show ranges of Wynn patent straight- developed by varying the manufacturing or electric) which will be of British manu- process. through diaphragm valves for acids, facture. The complete range includes alkalis, oils, slurries, abrasives, etc., and Components made from it on the stand capacities of 4,000 to 90,000 g.p.h. will include new types. Wynn patent will include underflow nozzle linings used Other types of Barnes pumps are jet in wet cyclones for ore classification in the fittings of special types for low, medium prime pumps for wells down to 200 ft. deep, and high pressure heating installations will gold/base metal industries (D.6231522). submersibles for wells down to 500 ft deep, also be displayed (D.747). The Kwikway Trukbin in various types and straight centrifugals (Outdoor) (1315/1214). Diaphragm Compressors for materials handling in factories, etc., will be shown by Tansley Bros. Ltd. (See Oil-free air for industry will be a main CHEMICALAGE of 9 February, p. 250, for Rubber Extruding Machines feature on the stand of Dawson, McDonald further details of this truck) (D.758). A 3) in. Davis standard extruding and Dawson Ltd., Compton Works, machine for rubber, designed and built Ashboufne, and various types of diaphragm Industrial Glassware under licence to highest possible standards, air compressors and vacuum pumps will be will be shown by Fawcett-Finney Ltd., exhibited. Compton diaphragm com- Products of one of the oldest glass tube Berkley Street, Birmingham 1. The machine pressors are designed to deliver absolutely manufacturers in Britain, Joseph Towey has a sectioned-type cast steel cylinder with oil-free air as required for atomic ~esearch, and Sons, a branch of Towey Industries corrosion resistant removable liner. A instrument actuation, aeration and agitation Ltd., Catherine Street, Aston, Birming- double walled barrel is divided into three of liquids and powder, supply to protective ham 6, will be on show. These will include sections for steam and water heating and helmets, salt spray testing, etc. Latest gauge glasses, pressure, vacuum and com- cooling. There is an automatic feeder addition to the Compton range is the pound gauges, machined non-ferrous mechanism for feeding strip continuously Compton 4D machine. bushes, etc. (D.703). consisting of a driven toothed feeder roll Their associate company, Compton Sewage Treatment Plants by Hartleys Hartleys (Stoke on Trent) Ltd., Stoke- on-Trent, will demonstrate by means of a working model their Planette distributor which has been widely adopted through- out the country for small sewage treatment plants for isolated property where main drainage is absent. The Planette system works automatically with a minimum of attention. Single plants are made to serve from 4 to 350 people and may also take in farm drainage where re- quired. The plant has been tried out and Compton type 40 dia- approved by the Ministry of Works and phragm compressor, by has been recommended by sanitary in- Dawsotr, McDonald and spectors and river boards. Dawson 710 CHEMICAL AGE 27 April 1957

Castings Ltd.. wiU exhibit gravity die Infra-red Drying On show and work~ngwill be the Perkins castings and sand castings in aluminium ;~~rmaticair heat unit. Ideally suited for Infra-red tunnel and panel type units will (C.713). heating small workshops, etc., it has an be displayed by Parkinson and Cowan output of approximately 100,000 BThU's Industrial Products, Cottage Lane, City per hour at 1,000 c.f.m., and a temperature Valves and Control Devices Road, London ECI. The gas-fired infra- rise of 100°F (B.213). red tunnel is used for heat processing of Specialists in the manufacture of solenoid small articles and has wide fields of applica- Specialised Copper and diaphragm operated valves and other tion in paint drying for various industries, control devices. Alexander Controls Ltd., drying of plastics powders and metal parts Compounds Reddicap Hill, Sutton Coldfield, will be after treatment and for miscellaneous On display by McKechnic Brothers Ltd.. exhibiting a range of solenoid operated heating, processing and curing in other 14 Berkeley Street. London WI, will be valves insizes from 4 in. to 6 in. bore for use industries. Similar applications are listed samples and cryst:lla and 'snow' (granu- on temperatures up to 400°F and pressures for the company's gas-heated panel units lated) Mackechnie brand sulphate of copper up to 2,000 p.s.i. for use on steam, oil, for infra-red radiation. 98/100 per cent, samples of Mackechnie water and other gases, and liquids. Valves Of recent development is this company's brand lithopone 28/30 per cent in dry El40 type meter for accurate measurement powder form, samples of MKB electrolytic of small volumes of gases (C.513). copper powder N grade, FN grade tamp~ng powder, catalyst grade used in chemical Alloys for Heat Exchangers processing copper oxides, brazing paste for Many alloys for heat exchanger and furnace braz~ngand fine copper paste. condenser tubes will he a special feature A full range of non-ferrot~sproducts will 3-way flame- displayed by the Birmingham Battery and be shown by the comp;lny's Birmingham proof valve, Metal Co., Selly Oak, Birmingham, which and Aldridge metal works, Rotton Park type ACT/ they areactively supplying to power stations Street, Birmingham 16 (D.500). F/H for. and oil refineries in most of the main pnerimatir refinery areas of the world. Many tons of Propeller Fans control such tubes are now in service at Caldcr systems hy In company with their associates, The Hall atomic power station. An arrange- Alexander BIF Engineering Co. Ltd., the Midland ment of 'U' tubes of varying diameters and Controls Fan Co. Ltd., 212 Aston Road, Birmlng- alloys will be included and a model heat ham 6, will be exhibiting a general range of exchanger. A series of condenser plates products which include a water wash spray will also be shown and an extra thick (over booth, propeller fans, compresslon sets, 6 in.) tube plate for special oil relinery heat sorav auns. air filters and reducing valves. exchanger equipment. a:id pakt pressure pots (D.712). - Evaporation tubes for many chem~cal industries such as sugar refining can be PVC Fans will be shown for use in chemical applica- seen (D.5141615). tions with bodies and trim in stainless steel Soecial fans which have been develo~ed and other materials to withstand corrosive Oil-firer1 Rnilarc for handling corrosive fumes of all de- w-..-. action. A range of three-way and four-way -.. ... -- - scriptions will be featured by Matthews and solenoid valves for use on compressed air A of boilers for Yates Ltd., Cyclone Works, Swinton, to actuate cylinders and diaphragms in firing can be seen On lhestand Manchester. Of interest will be the Cyclone automation applications will be in Ltd., MansfieldRoad, Turbro p.v.c. fans which are particularly operation. Derby. For industrial use there are bollers suitahlc for all types of removal of UP to 500,000 B7hU.s Per hour for hot ~h~ ALCON ranp of diaphragm and i'e.' fume cupboards' cabinets' water and to 2,00012,500 Ib. per hour cvlinder oDerated valves,such as those used .. .. small laboratories or larger comolex to contrd~ high pressure hot water at evaporation at 50 Ib. per sq. inch working systems of p.v,c, ducting,- hoods grid temperatures up to ~WC,play a vital part pressure in the steam gauge. A11 canopies.(see CH~M~~~LAGF, 27 october in nuclear energised power producing units. ~nltscan be fitted wit11 selected burners for 1956, p, 178) (1,.707). ~11aoDaratus can be supplied inweather- vaporisation of oil by forced draught or proof Eoim for outdoor use. Flameproof pressure Jet. New Barrier Creams constructionfor G~~~~7, and other gases Also on display will be a prototype new with nuxtoncertification is alsoavailable steam boiler of 120 Ib. per hour evaporation Industrial protective barrier creams and as standard construction (C.724). working at 50 Ib. per sq. inch, dimensions skin conditioning ointments will be the being 2 ft. diametcr by 5 ft. high. main fcaturc of Kozalex Ltd., 10 Norfolk Street. Manchester I. The restvled Rozalex d~\penserwill dl\o be on show It has been Steam Water Heater specl'llly des~gnedto lssue a controlled and A representative range of the products of uncontdm~n~~tcdsupply of Rozalex when Meynell and Sons Ltd., Montrose Street, and whcreve~ requlred Wolverhampton, will be on view, including New b,l~r~crcredms, whlch are develop- the Meynell steam water heater, mark IV. ment\ floni the continuous research and It operates on inlet service pressures up to Invc\tlg.ltlon\ by th~scompany. can be 150 p.s.i. steam and 5 psi. water, or vice- ex,~mlncd Edch ha5 been dcs~gned to versa, without any reducing valves being conib.11 spec~l~~h.~z,~rds wh~ch have fitted. The means of isolating water from liltherto pre\ented p~oblems There are steam is positive and hydraulically operated Mo 9, a water-resistant cream which and should the water supply fail for any provides :I delinite flexible film with a reason, even if permanently, a complete 'loi~gh' resilient texture. It is particularly shut-off of steam is effected. On high- ruilable for use against organic solvents, pressure steam the Meynell valves does not and has been shown to have a high degree act as a steam accumulator and lime deposit of eficicncy against dye intermediates, is avoided. More than one wash point may plastics materials, printing inks, duplicating be operated and these may be remote from inks and carbons, synthetic resins and the valve. It is supplied complete with inlet glues. Cream No. 10 was developed par- and outlet unions. and although check lici~larly for use when in contact with valves are not required they are available explosive materials or substances known to in instances where local regulations make have a high rate of toxic absorption fitting compulsory (B.613). New stmm boiler hy Perkins through the skin. 27 April 1957 CHEMICAL AGE

Cream No. II has been found satis- borax which dissolve slowly during the without removing the entire bank. A set factory against paints, varnishes, heavy hand washing operation. of spare plates is supplied with each unit oils, but, as it is water-soluble, it is not Also demonstrated will be the standard so that the unit need only be shut down suitable for use under 'wet' conditions of vitreous-enamelled steel dispenser, de- for a brief period for these to be changed work. Cream No. 12 is suggested for use signed for use with Boraxo, which can be and the used plates cleaned at leisure. when in contact with pitch, tar or materials fixed on a wall above a wash-basin or Minor improvements are: Easier access which are known to be photo-sensitisers specially fitted to circular wash-fountains. to the inside of the unit by means of large (D.706). The dispenser embodies a metering device inspection doors in the casing; a non- which restricts the amount delivered on choking open type water helix has been Corrosion Prevention operation of the plunger and ensures adopted as standard; the ban valve con- economy in use (D.718). trolled automatic water level make up unit By means of large coloured murals, has been re-designed to ensure trouble-free Fescol Ltd., North Road, London N7, will reliable operation; larger drain and over- show the latest extension of their process- New UK Bentonite flow connections prevent choking and a the deposition of hard chromium on com- A variety of products displayed by the supplementary drain or poke hole assists ponents up to 5 in. diameter and 6 tons in Fuller's Earth Union Ltd., Patterson Court, in cleaning any obstruction to the drain weight. (See CHEMICALAGE, 2 March, Nutfield Road, Redhill, Surrey will include connection. p. 384.) Fulbond--clay bond for moulding sands- Keith Blackman will also have a display The display will be of particular interest making synthetic sand, strengthening natu- of 'off the shelf' equipment such as fans to the chemical industry, where large rolls ral sand and regenerating return sand; for of various types, industrial gas equipment are subject to corrosion and abrasion. The extra green strength in CO, sands and in and the new K B self adjusting oil separator value of the Fescol process can bejudged by oil-and cereal-bonded core sands. Fulloid, fitted with an annular nozzle automatically examining a Fescol-ised hydraulic ram a new high-yield and efficient well-drilling which will stand beside one untreated. The hentonite developed from British deposits latter, badly corroded and corded will and providing a valuable alternative to demonstrate to the maintenance engineer dollar bentonites, will be displayed. the need for repeated stoppage of plant and Activated Fullers' earth-such as Ful- re-packing, while the Fescol-ised ram mont and other highly activated earths for presents a smooth hard non-corrodible decolorising oils and non-polar liquids, and surface that will last for many years without as catalysts and carriers of high surface re-packing (D.529). area, will also be shown, as will natural Fullers' earth, a material with adsorbent, Plating Processes absorbent and ion-exchange properties, Finished products which incorporate suitable for clarification and filtration of many of the newly developed plating pro- liquids and dispersions, for cawing cesses will be available for inspection on the insecticides and pigments. and with many stand of Silvercrown Ltd., 1781180 Goswell other uses (D.326). Road, London ECI . Various component parts will be shown plated with the com- Movigraph Charts Keirh - Blockrnon self-ndjrrsling pany's s~ipersonicbright cadmium solution oil sepurolor by means of their special electro-plating Movigraph wall charts will be exhibited by Adapta-Charts Ltd., 129 Hammersmith equipment (C.406). adjusted to suit the volume passing. There Road, London W14. These are among will be a working model of the latest the most flexible charts in the world. method of cleaning heating surfaces by Industrial Hand Cleanser Basis of the chart is a perforated plastics means of small shot which cascades An economical powder-type hand clean- panel. Into these perforations-there are through heat exchangers to remove un- 2,000 to the square foot-peg signals and ser, which is claimed lo combine the wanted deposits. It does not entail shut effectiveness of a heavy duty clcanser with other symbols to present a visual record of downs or damping back 0.276). the mildness of a 'baby' soap, is to be any state, process or operation. Signals demonstrated by Borax Consolidated Ltd.. are easily inserted and removed (C.219). Carlisle Place, London SWI. Known as Materials Handling Boraxo(Braxo), the cleanser is stated to Granulated Aluminium remove grease, grime and chemicals from Fisholow 1957 developments will be the the hands, without damage lo the skin and Speciality of the Oakland Metal Co. Ltd., theme of Fisher and Ludlow Ltd., material without undue removal of natural fats. It Oakland Works, Willington, Derby. is handling division, Bordesley Works, Bir- mingham 12. All products on show will be is completely soluble and contains no various grades of granulated aluminium. harsh abrasives or organic solvents. In- These will he exhibited on their stand incorporated into a working demonstration grained dirt is removed and penctration of together with non-ferrous ingots and of a production unit. Amongst the oily films is effected by small grains of refractory minerals, such as sillimanite, conveyor exhibits will be seen the Flexiroll natural khasi sillimanite, Indian kyanite. troughed belt idler type complete with and DPA (diaspone-pyrophillite). Zinc- support stands and stringer rails; advantage rich paint which is anti-corrosive will also of this type is no maintenance as all bearings be shown (A.3271226). are of nylon and therefore, do not require lubrication; adequate belt support under all load conditions which also permits the belt Hydro Rotor Filter to trough most suitably for the load carried; First produced less than two years ago elimination of fire risk as there is no metal by Keith Blackman Ltd., Mill Mead Road, to metal contact to cause overheating. London N17, the 'KENO' hydro rotor The new Flowroll gravity conveyor with filter has now been much improved as patented dome end rollers can be examined the MK II 'KENO'. The casing is now as also the Floporter belt conveyor, com- bifurcated and of square cross section. prising only five standard components and Also. the water elevating helix is directly allowing for a maximum rise or fall of 30 driven by a motor mounted in the casing. degrees from the horizontal, the Fisholow The eliminator plates are now arranged in towline trolley system where the trolley is two banks fitted at an angle of 45O to the towed along a predetermined route by a horizontal, one bank at the top of each Flowlink overhead conveyor to deliver bifurcated section. Accessible through goods at selected stations; and the Flow- Newly sty/e~lBorrr.to 11<11rd

the shelf carrier brackets into ore-drilled to the scale hv eravitvA or.~ suitable - - mechanical~ ...... ~ Loaders holes-no tools being required. hey will means. MaieXal is delivered at a constant Up to 12 ft. lift-on forks or platform, take a load of up to 6-tons each rack pre-determined rate from a moving belt. for sacks, drums and other containers is (D.6411540). Other scalesincludea ticket-printing non- offered in the new Lodematic rancre of electric bench scale, a scale for counting- automatic loaders and stackers, produced Valve Display by-weight, and a typical platform scale by Lodematic Ltd., Clitheroe, Lancs. indicating weight in three standards Exhibited for the lirst time is the new Prominence will be given to the variety (D.5231420). Miniloader having wheels similar to a of power operated valves produced by small sack truck ; it is only 24 in. wide. Saunders Valve Co. Ltd., Cwmbran. New Metals and Plastics Like the Lodematic Auto-loaders, which Monmouthshire. Two divisions of Imperial Chemical are available in six models with from 4 ft. Pressure closing, already available on lo 10 ft. lift, the Miniloader is automatic in type 'A' (full Row) valves in f in., I in., Industries Ltd., metals and plastics, will be exhibiting. operation. On receipt of a chemical sack la in. and all sizes up to 8 in.. is now or similar load, the platform lifts. When extended to type 'K' (full bore) valves in The metals division will show some of the contributions its products are making in transferred to lorry, tack or hopper, the sizes from I in. to 6 in. (inclusive). These platform descends. The loads are counted. latter are also supplied with pressure the growing sphere of nuclear engineering --condenser tubes, plates and ferrules, ;is they are lifted, hy counter attachment if opening heads, a feature of this unit being desired (D.738). the automatic closure which occurs when lntegron integral finned tubing for fuel there is any cut, either ~ntentional or cans and heat exchange units, and zir- accidental. in the operating power. conium in various wrought forms. New Separators The division will also have on view titanium and titanium alloy products, with In addition to improved examples of their examples of their uses in chemical engineer- products, Rapid Magnelic Machines Ltd.. ing and condenser tubes and plates in Lombard St~eet,Birmingklni 12. will he various alloys and bimetals made for the exhibiting ;I number of new units. 2f in. dra- A conveyor/elevator which automatically pltragrn oil industry. conveys ferrous articles magnetically. !s I alve, type Kynal general purpose, troughed and A, with prrA- Kynalok secret-fix profiled sheets for roor designed to reduce h;~ndling cost\ and ~rrreclosmg and wall cladding will be shown and the increase production. Also to be exhibited rtnd erner- facility with which the divisions recently for the lirst t~!newill be the new hopwr grncy hand- introduced Alkalite polythene fittings can magnet which is included in hoppers, feed wheel te used with polythene lubes will he chutes. etc. extr:!cts and removes tramp iron. control illustrated. New developments with particular pro- minence to Butakon rubber-reinforcing resins for shoe soling applications will be A further development in these power the theme of the Plastics Division. Wearer operated valves is the high pressure closing. trials over the past three years have shown This type is made in sizes from Iq in.- that Butakon rubber compositions can be 5 in. Both standard and high pressure produced which wear three to four times as closing valves can also be supplied with long as the best leather procurahlc emergency handwheel closure and a 2$ in. (D.4131312). high pressure closing valve so equipped will he shown. Detailed data will be available Stainless Steel Products at the stand. Stainless steel polished sheets, strip, bar. Electrical operation, until recently only tubes, section, wire and components pro- available with the larger sizes of valve, is duced by Padley and Venables Ltd., now produced in some of the medium size Suprex works, Livery Street, Birmingham units e.g. 2 in., 2t in., 3 in., and an example 5 will be on view as also various fin~shed of one of these units will be in operation articles in stainless steel (D.5251422). on the stand. Actuators of these valves have direct electrical operation with micro switches controlling the open and closed Anti-corrosive Fluids positions. Visual indication of the degree Manufacturers of the anti-corrosion Rnpirl vihrotor)~chrrfe typ<, separo- of opening is included in the gear and fluids, Plus Gas formula 'A' dismantling tor for thr freatfnenl of finr independent handwheel control is provided. fluid (rust remover) and Plus Gas formula p o IV d c r s requiring mecl~nnicrrl Examples of the range of plastics 'B' protective fluid, Plus Gas Co. Ltd., 1-1 I motion to precipitate thr pow, by valves: Ebonite, HSB (high styrene Hay Hill, London WI are introducing for Rapid Mrrgnctic Machi~rerv butadiene base) and Vulcathene (grade I1 the first time a new product which is a polythene) will also he shown (D.125). tannating process for the preparation of Well known for its pioneering ofelectro- rusted surfaces prior to painting. Known magneticmineral separators Rapid Magnetic Batch Weighing Scales as Plus Gas formula 'E' external metal Machines Ltd. havc produced the labo;a- treatment it is particularly recommended tory type '0' equipment. of interest to Weighing, counting and testing machines for the treatment of metal surfaces. Thc mining engineers. Another new separator. will be shown and demonstrated by tannatelgamma-ferric oxidc complex formed type MJ, to be exhibited, is for the treatment W. and T. Avery Ltd., Soho Foundry, by reactions of the tannins with the oxides of silicates, mildly abrasive powders and Birmingham 40. Among the weighing on the metal surfaces creates an insoluble small granulated materials, the outstanding devices, there are two outstanding exhibits. corrosion resisting film which stands up to dcsign feature being a high throughput A drum-filling scale with automatic tare the weather for a number of days, even in coupled with high efliciency. compensation and dial indication, fitted exposed positions. It is claimed that under An example of a new tri-polar suspension with Roberts patent non-drip valve, will cover the coating will remain intact for (Continued in page 714) 27 April 1957 CHEMICAL AGE 713 size of the company's former plants. The Perlon-fibre installation at Dormagen has been extended and work has continued on the Dralon-fibre plant, which may be in operation shortly. A titanium-white plant, being built at Uerdingen may be in operation by the end of this year. Increase in turnover by Bayer AG in 1956 of + 11 per cent was less than in MONTECATINI'S POLYPROPYLENE PLANT 1955 ('+I9 per cent). Sales showed an illcrease from DM 1,400 million to COMES ON STREAM NEXT MONTH DM1.600 million. Some DM635 million was in respect of exports. Export sales expanded more than home market sales. ARLY in May, Societa' Montecatini duce about 250 tons of chlorine and 280 In view of extra costs resulting from Eare initiating commercial production tons of caustic soda a day. higher wages and shorter working hours, at their Ferrara, Italy, plant of their ncw The plant uses 252 Mathieson mer- future prospects are regarded with plastics material, Moplen. This modifica- cury cells in which a stream of purified reserve. Bayer's labour force increased tion of polypropylene resists temper.1- salt brine is piped continuously into the last year by 4.5 per cent (46,826) and tures of up to 320°F and it is claimed cell body where it flows between a wages and salaries rose by about 15 per that even thin sheets of it display a ten- graphite anode and a moving bed of mer- cent to DM320 million. sile strength comparable to that of steel. cury which serves as a cathode. Specific gravity is 0.9. The McIntosh salt dome is said to be Two New Nuclear Montecatini state that the material is one of the largest .salt deposits on the available in unlimited quantities. In its eastern part of the US. Olin Mathieson Particles Postulated raw form, it is a white powder and owns or leases the entire area occupied by Edward Teller of the University of Cali- during subsequent processing it is trans- the dome. fornia has postulated two new nuclear formed into coloured granules. Total investment of mercury in the particles. According to this investigator, Uses for the material include equip- plant is about $2,500.000. Electricity these are neutral but too short-lived to ment for the chemical industry, machin- used amounts to 1.000.000 kW a day. be detected by present methods. He ery and instrument parts, sanitary equip- suggests that they are heavier than pi ment, textile fibres, veneers and pipes and New Fertiliser Plant for Sicily mesons and he considers that such parti- household wares. The manufacture of Societa' Sincat of the Edison Group cles could explain the marked attraction products from Moplen is said to require plan to build a chemical fertiliser fac- of antiprotons for nuclear matter and no special machinery. torv in the eastern Dart of Sicilv. This would allow a more satisfactory repre- de&lonment is connected with ihe fact sentation of distribution of electric East Africa's Phosphate that Edison prospectors have recently charges and currents in the vicinty of Fertiliser Scheme 'discovered extensive beds of potassium protons and neutrons. Under a pilot scheme to be started by salts in Sicily. the East kfrican Industrial Research Fertiliser Plant to be Organisation, production of phosnhate Mexican Chemical Built in Trinidad fertilisers from minerals found at Sukulu. Production Increases A £4 million chemical fertiliser plant near Torono is to be tried out. The in- Production of chemicals in Mexico in. will be erected in Trinidad by W. R. crcased substantially in 1956 compared Grace and Co., of New York, if the com- ~~~~~~~~n~ill2wca~~~~r,9"0~ie~ thz with 1955 as is shown by the following pany can make satisfactory arrangements Nairobi. table: with the government at Port of Spain. SA Relaxes Import Regulations Quantities Trinidad. Products Period (Tons) on Fertilisers compared 1955 1956 Sulphuric acid ... Year 124.887 145.000 French Prior Authorisations Subject to certain provisions published Sodium alkalis Year 53.704 64.000 Ammonium A revised list of goods eligible for in the Union Government Gazrrte, South rulphate ... Jm.-Nov. 58.018 72.139 Africa will now issue import permits Superphosphates Ian.-Nov. 68.086 68.224 prior authorisations to facilitate import freely to registered importers of a num- Orean~cfertilirerr Jan.-Nov. 2.524 3.121 into France includes: synthetic organic ber of good5 including: fertilisers in Mexican exports of chemicals in- dyestuffs (including pigment dyestuffs), bulk. animal. mineral or vegetable. arti- creased in the same period from 48,900 synthetic organic products of a kind used ficial or natural, but excluding phosphatic pesos to 60.900. as luminophores, optical bleaching agents. and nitrogenous fertilisers; and ccrtain natural indigo (except crude natural scientific apparatus. Aid for Italian Sulphur Industry indigo), certain scientific apparatus and During thc financial year 1957-58, the certain plant and equipment. Turkey Levies a Tax Italian sulphur industry is to receive on Some Chemicals 2.1 50,000,000 lire in Government grants. Foreign Investment in Italy A new Turkish law provides for the Out of this. 480 million are intended to During 1956, overseas industry invested levying of taxes on foreign exchange make good the losses sustained in market- in Italy an equivalent of 59.3 milliard allocated for various categories of im- ing stocks of sulphur, 170 million consti- lire. Of this, 3.2 milliard, was invested ports. This 'Treasury share' tax will be tute grants to mines whose costs are in the chemical industry. collected in Turkish liras and is fixed at above the level considered normal, and 40 per cent of the value of the exchange the remainder will be spent on re- Du Pont to Expand for the manufactured articles mentioned organisation and modernisation of the below. Petroleum prodiiets hear their sulphur mines. Canadian Nylon Plants share on a weight basis. Du Pont of Canada announces that it Manufactured goods affected include: Bayer Activities in"1956 will spend morc than $7,500,000 at its salt, sulphur, earths, magnesium and In a recent letter to shareholders. Kingston and Maitland, Ontario, nylon beryllium. machinery, etc. Fartenfabrikcn Baver AG. Leverkusen. plants over the next year to produce Germany. forecast {hat thei; dividend for heavy denier nylon yarn in the quantities Olin Mathieson Expands 1956 would not be less than the 9 per required by the tyre cord industry and Chlorine-Caustic Plant cent paid in 1955. Investment in 1956 to provide for the growing needs of the Olin Mathieson's Mclntosh. Alabama, was over DM230 million-a small in- textile industry. UF. plant for the production of chlorine crease on the previous year. The money will provide increased pro- and caustic soda. which was built in Expansion of caoacity in basic chemi- duction facilities at Maitland for adipic 1951. has recently been expanded to twice cals and intermediates has taken large acid and hexamethylene diamine, the two its original size. It is now able to pro- sums of money as have the increases in intermediates from which nylon is made. CHEMICAL AGE 27 April 1957

to ensure the Kingston plant of adequate ments recently concluded with thc Turk- cussed. Primary amyl alcohol consists of raw materials. New spinning equipment ish Government. approximately 60 per cent pentanol-I, 25- and an addition to the plant powerhouse Mobil Overscas will have a 37 pc~ 35 per cent 2-methyl hutanol-l and 5 per are planned for Kingston. cent interest. Caltex 34 per cent. Shell cent ?-methyl butanol-I. It is made by The expansions are the second series 18 per cent, and British Petroleum I I thc 'oxonation' of refined butylcnes and. involving the Kingston plant to be per cent in the refinery. The right to therefore, contains no lower molecular announced within the last six months. Thc operate the refinery will he for a period u'ci~htalcohols, no residu;~l chlor~ne,and company said in October that it was bc- of 80 years with a right ol rcnewnl. no secondary or tertiary alcoho's. ginning construction of a $750.000 tech- Initial installations will include a crudc nical laboratory. addition of facilit~esfor petroleum distillation unit and a catalytic Canadian Sulphonates Plant the testing and development of nylon lyre reforming unit for upgrading naphtha. yarn and expansion of the present sales Estimated cost of the new refinery. ex- Comes On Stream In June service laboratory. cluding the cost of land. will be equiva- Surp;~ssPetrochcmic;~ls expxt to hring lent to $48 million lapproximately €17 thc~r ncw fl nill lion petroieum rul- Big Expansion in Italy's million) which will be provided by the phon;~to\ pl;~nt on stream at Scar- Nitrogen Plant four companies. Exact location will bc horough. Ontario. in June determined before the end of June 1957. Not onl) will the new plant be thc During the recent meeting of the shlrc- lint of 11s kind in Canad:l. but \*ill he holders of Societa' Montecatini the Exports of Marine- Salt thc first plant of its kind in the world fain;^. president of the company, Carlo to employ :I continuous system of pro- pointed out that with the new plants that During 1956. the province of Trapani in Sicily exported 74,572 tons of marine iluction. qtate the company. Chemicals EN1 is building at Ravema and Edison produccd will he used in the fields of is erecting at Porto Marghera and other salt or about 24f per cent more than the 60.630 tons exported in 1955. lubrication. corrosion control and chemi- places, the Italian output of nitrogen will cn! synthesis. total 586.000 tons a year by 1958, which New Carbide Bulletin on The plant will have a capacity of is more than double the present Italian 26 niillion Ih. of greases. 7 million Ih. consumption (254,000 tons in 1956). Primary Amyl Alcohol of sulphon:~tes. :~nd 5 million Ih. of A new. 4-page. technical bullet~n on inhihitors. US Chemical Manufacturers -- primary amyl alcohol (mixed isomers) has Anticipate Sales Increase been published by Carbide and Carbon Benzole Association's AGM A 10 per cent increase in chemical sales Chemicals Co.. a division of Union Car- Annual general meeting of the is expected this year by manufacturers of bide and Carbon Corporation, 30 East N;~tional Hcnzole and Allied Products chemicals and related products according 42nd Street. New York 17, US. Physical A\?ociation will he held on Monday to their report to the US Commerce properties. specifications, shipping data. 29 April at 2.30 p.m. at the Grosvenor Department: sales in 1956 amounted to uses. and physiological properties are dis- Hotel. Victoria. London SWI. 524.3 billion. Some $1.8 billion is to be invested in new chemical plants and equipment. Of this sum. 29 per cent will be for replacement and 71 per cent for expansion. BRITISH INDUSTRIES FAIR Indian Firm Seeks Chemical (Continued from page 712) Plant from the UK Eastcm Equipment and Sales Ltd.. 9 timgnet technique will be exhih~ted;I sure through the flamearrester is larger than any Brabourne Road. Calcutta-1, are anxious safeguard from the ravages of tramp iron other known flame arrester. to obtain UK agencies in machinery for which finds its way on toconveyors carrying There will also beadisplay ofconservation the manufacture of rayon and chemicals. coal, limestone and similar commodities, vent v;~lves. These valves function as particularly soda ash, caustic soda and with the consequent disastrous effect to pressure and vacuum relief valves and are precipitated chalk. The firm particularly crushers. Chute type separators will he designed to allow the very maximum ' wish to obtain synthetic fibre manufac- displayed in both permanent and electro- volume of gas through the valve at very low turing machinery and looking a long way magnetic form for the extraction of finc and pressures. Certified flow curves are ahead. carbide and petrochemical m:lnu- tramp iron from dry materials such ;I? avail;!ble for a limited range of settings for facturing equipment. fertiliser, tireclay, powders etc.. and also cnch size of valve. rnagneticlilters, for use in gravlty pneum;~tic Thcse fittings ;ire being m;lnufactured Italian Sulphur Output or hydraulic ducts, pipelines etc., for re- under licence to the Vapor Recovery During January 1957, Italian producers moval of tramp iron from liquids, semi- Systems I.td.. US (D.336). delivered to the State Sulphur Board liquids or dry fibrous product? (r.421). (Ente Zolfi Italiani) 14,098 tons of raw sulphur. Out of this quantity 85.7 per cent was mined in Sicily and the rest In Automatic Tank Gauges other parts of Italy. Total output was Main items to he featured by Wm. Neill about 16 per cent below the January &Son (St Helens) Ltd., are automatic tank 1956 figure. gauges which indicate liquid levels to Principal customer for Italian sulphur + +in accuracy in all types of storage in January was Tunisia with 6.650 tons: vessels up to hOft high. These gauges Israel took 4,125 tons, France 3.920 tons incorporatc a special negator constant and Yugoslavia 640 tons. tension spring to maintain an equal pull on the operating float at all tir?es. A practical New Oil Refinery for Turkey demonstrating rig of the above will he on Plans to build a new 65.000 barrel-a- show and will he wired up to an electronic day refinery in Turkey are in hand by remote reading instrument which would In Mohil Overseas Oil Co. Inc.. a subsi- actual service be capahle of remote diary of Socony Mobil Oil Co. Inc. The reading the levels in 24 vessels. refinery, scheduled to go on stream in Also on show will he a series of flame 1960. will be built, as requested by the arresters for safety and fire prevention of Turkish Government, by Mobil Overscas inflammable vapours. These arresters have Oil Co. Inc.. the British Petroleum Co., been tested and approved by the leading California Texas Corporation and the certifying authorities in the US and com- Royal Dutch/Shell Group under arrange- paring them on a size hasis the nett free area 27 April 1957 CHEMICAL AGE

friends to drab labour in a backyard Liverpool was the scale on which thzy chcmical works as the partncr of Thomas were carried on. Liverpool and other CHEMICAL Akl:ot, drug and general mcrchant. at 14 towns on thc Mcrscy shores wcre, in the Parkgate Stl-cet. He did not embark upon 1820% building up a hard soap trade this cat.ccr with any feeling of vocation rivalling in size. and soon to surpass, that 0:. cnthusi:~sm: in old age he confcssed of London. With such a market within PIONEERS that he ncvcr spcnt a happy day during carting distance of his factory gates thc ycars of his carly chemical activitics Muspratt was able to embark upon alkali in Ireland. synthesis on a scale of many hundreds of Muspratt and Abbot were by no means tons a year. Thc 112-feet long and 24 feet 6 Muspratt chcmical industrial pioneers in Dublin; wide acid chamber he ercctcd at his Josia.; Gamblc, later to be in brief Vauxhall Road works to supply the pi~rtncr~hipwith Muspratt in England. vitriol he requircd, far exceeded in dimen- Tlre sixth article in this series John Knne, and a certain Kcnny were sions any hitherto built. In less than a on the piorleers of the chernical alrcady manufacturing vitriol and some declde Muspratt's two factories in Liver- industry deals with James Mus- dcrivcd chemicals there. It may be that pool and St. Helens had driven natural Muspratt mndc some acquaintance with alkali from the Merseyside soaperies. prfltt, the alkali-maker. The chemical practice at the factories of those orithor, Dr. D. W. F. Hardie, is From his chemical operations Muspratt other Dubliners. Glauber's salt, hydro- rapidly amassed a substantial fortune well known as a historia11 of the diminished only by heavy levies in chernical industry. damagcs paid to farmers and landed gentry for crops and woods destroyed AMES MUSPRATT, son of Evan by muriatic acid from his saltcake furnaces. In 1838 Muspratt attempted Muspratt, an artisan cork-cutter, unsuccessfully to introduce the ammonia- J was born in 1793 at 32 Great soda process, which in the form improved Strand Street, Dublin. Two of James' by Solvay later brought fame and fortune uncles, .William and Ephraim, also to Ludwig Mond. With his sons, trained made corks in Dublin; another uncle, in Liebig's laboratory at Giessen, James Petty Muspratt, after whom he Muspratt embarked also without success may have been named, became, in on the manufacture of Liebig's chemical 1825, a director of the East India Co., fertilisers. a position to which he was re-elected In the 1830s Muspratt changed over entirely to manufacture of white soda ash. in 1830. It appears probable that the instead of the crude, foul-smelling, Muspratts were comparatively recent highly impure black ash with which he arrivals in the Irish capital, having had conquered his first local market. With come there from England to ply their John Tennant, son of Charles Tennant of trade as cork-makers in a city where St. Rollox, he despatched the first cargoes important breweries provided a steady of soda from this country to the United demand for their commodity. States, and thus opened up a trade which Nothing is on record of James MUS- was to take more than half of Britain's pratt's schooling; it can only be assumed James Muspratt chemical production in the years to come. that it was of the quality available to Long before 1850 Muspratt's fortunes the son of a working-class family in chloric and nitric acids. prussiates, sal were sufficiently established to enable Dublin at the beginning of last century. anmoniac, and turpentine were among the him to flee from his factories to seek in At the age of 14 he was apprenticed to products marketed by Muspratt and his Germany the companionship of his friend the apothecary Micheltree, who in due partncr. There is some evidence that in Baron Liebig, whom he first met at the course dismissed him for insubordination. this Dublin period Muspratt may have meeting of the British Association in Ir. 1810 Evan Muspratt died, and in the made small quantities of soda by Liverpool in 1837. He sought, too, in fcllowing year his widow remarried, only LeBlanc's mcthod. Andrew Kurtz, who Italy, the company of artists and other to die shortly afterwards. Unemployed was in Dublin in April 1819, having sun-loving fugitives from drab industrial and an orphan, Jamcs Muspratt. being of rccorded in his polyglot notebook his England. a wild and restless disposition, sought experiments carried out with soude de In 1850, harassed by legal processes for relief from sorrow and the uncertainty oi M~rsprott. damages and conscious of the ebb of the his situation in war-tom Spain. As a In 1822. an Act of Parliament reducing abcunding vitality which had enabled civilian camp-follower of Wellington'.i bj half the import duty on imported him to harvest a fortune in an activity to army the penniless Irish lad failed in his barilla caused constcrnatiou among the which he felt no particular calling, impossible ambition to obtain a cavalry kelp-using soap-boilcrs of Merseyside, Muspratt withdrcw from the chemical ccmmis.;ion in the field, although the Navv who dcrivcd considerablc advantage vis- industry, leaving his son? to carry on the latcr enlisted him as a midshipman and ci-vis their London competitors from use family business in new hctorics at Flint promoted him to second officcr on a small of untaxcd kclp alkali for part of their and Widnes. After the death of his wile ship The stern naval discipline of soda supply. It may be that Muspratt in 1857 Jamcs Muspratt lived the life of Nelson's timc proved irksomc to young m:~de a shrcwd judgement of the situl- a studious recluse. His granddaughter Jame~and when hi.; ship lay off Swansca tion, or it may have bcen merely his Hildegarde, in privately-printed memoirs, he de5ertcd and made his way back to natural rcstlc.;sncss that caused him to gives a picturc of the alkali-mlkcr, Dublin. seek a ncw scene for his chcmical activi- tecomc a kind of ogre to the chiidren. The rcturncd advcnturcr bccamc :I ties in 1822. Already two sons had been thwacking with a thick stick his grandsons mcmber of an casy-going group of born to him and it is possible that this caught in Seaforth Hall orchard. The last ajicinr~nrlo.~of thc Dublin stagc. Among additional strain upon his means was not ten years of his life were spent as a his friends of that pcriod were Jnmcs king comfort:lhly met by his income 'huddled-up old man.' silent before a Shcridan Knowlcs, n cousin of the from thc small chemical concern in raging fire in a large upstairs room with dramatist Sheridan and Iatcr a famous Dutlin. two long windows overlooking the river Spurgconcsque preacher in Victorian Whatever dctermincd Muspratt's on whose banks he had mlde the manu- London. and Samuel Lover, miniaturist, decision, hc could not have chosen a morc facture of alkali 'a matter of national and dramatist. His impending marriage to propitious moment to appear in Liverpool importance.' James Muspratt died on Julia Conner, which took place in Dublin as a manufacturer of soda. Already, as we 4 May 1886. He was buried in Walton in 1819, and the consequent need to earn have scen, soda had been synthesked in churchyard beside his wife and the long- a steady income turned Muspratt from the London. on the Tyne and on the Clyde; dead infant sons he had named after romantic glare of the footlights and Muspratt was thus no innovator. What Benjamin Franklin, Robert Owen, and pleasant days in the company of literary was new in Muspratt's operations in Henry Brougham. 71 6 CHEMICAL AGE 27 April 1957

whcn shc arrived in New York on 23 Chrome Chemicals Plant Apr~l.Sir Robert is t~~vcllingto Ho~~slon. TLX~IS,on cornp:lny business. Planned In Co. Durham A NLW I'IANI for the prciduction of MR. I. W. NT.I.SON. chcnlic.~lcngi~lcc~. chrome chcrnic:~l\ i\ pli1111icdby British h:~sbccn pnstcd to Toronto. C:ln:~dn. to Chro~ncand Chcmic;lls IHold~ngs)Ltd.. the lirm of Dominion, Scott. Brown. Ltd., Urlay Nook. nr. E:~glc\c:illc. County one ol thc ;~ssociate conipnnics nf lhe Durh:~rn. 'lhc new pl:~nt sill probably Hcnry Baifol~r group. Mr. Ncl\o~~ he s~tcdnear the I~IC\CII~ WOI~Si~t Utlay formcrly rcprcscntcd ticorsc Scott and Nook. Son (London1 Lid. in the north ol 111 the firm's :LIIIILI:I~ rcp~~rt.lo he prc- England. scntcd :~tthe 3n1111:1l nicct;~ig at Urlay g MI{. J. A. DORRli:~\i ~CCII :1pp11111tcd Nook on 'rllill.\d.~y. Ih Xli~!. Mr. t. t. r;~lcs manager of the ~ii:~nulocturers' Wright. wlio lh:~, since dicd. st:~tcd tli:~i d~vision at 1-or1 Dunlop. He will be the board is now nrri~npingfnr thc pro- rcsponsiblc for orig~nalequiplncnt and ject. which was hclJ 1111 tcc:~u\c of re\- is made a mcmhcr of tlie Iiort Dunlop trictions on crcdit and the issue of new local hoard of directors. capit:tl. The rcport \tales that thc high level of @ PROFESSOR WII.LIAM WARDILAW.C.H.E.. tr:~dinp on all products was maintained professor of chemistry at Rirkbcct last year unt~lAugust. whcn there was a College. Univcl-sity of London, ha\ bccn temporary rcccssion in the home mxkets DR. WILLIAM LANE-PO~ER,director oE elcctcd prcsidcnt of for chrome chcmic:tls. Thc rcccc~ion the Laboratory Animals' Bureau of the tlie Koy:~l Instilutc I:~stcd two months. whcn demand in- Medical Research Council, has been of Chemistry in CI-c;tscd to even higher levcls. appointed ty the Privy Council to be a succession to DR. It was the board's belief that the firm's member of the Council of the Pharma- D. W. KENT-JONES. pl:~ns, espcci;~lly for the erection of the ceut;cal Society in succession to L~R. who has completed new plant. would en:~blethem to compete J. A. GILES who IS retired. his two-ycar perio:l :kt Ic:~st on lcvcl tcrms in the proposed of office :~nd now Wcstcrn Europe frce trade arc;). MR. J. W. PLATT, a managing director bccomes a vicc- After considcring all aspects of the of the Shell Pctro!eum Co. Ltd., and a mnttcr. thc ho:~rd had indicated its sup- principal dircctor of N. V. De Bataafsche president, ex-officio. port of the

Newton Chambers will Market

New Chemicals this Year TUESDAY 30 APRIL Plastics InstituteLondon: Institution HE POLICY of extending and rc- in full production and should make a of Chemical Engineers, Savoy Place Tequlpplng .. the works and production quite substantial contribution to the WC2, 6.30 p,m. Eighth annual lecture: profits in the current year. 'Thermoplastics in the submarine-cable facilities of Newton Chamters and Co.. industry' by Sir John Dean. which gained momentum in 1956, is to Society of Instrument Tecbnology- be intensified in 1957 according to thc Sadler and Co. London: Manson House, Portland Place chairman, Sir Peter Roberts, in his annual WI, 6.30 p.m. 'Thc preparation and report for 1956. Extension? to the Izal Group net profit of Sadler and Co. industrial application of diffraction factory are expected to be completed for 1956 was £63,238 (£116,457 after gratings' by L. A. Sayce. early this year. The chemicals divisioii crediting tax repayment 134,507). Interim Jnstltution of Cher~~icalEngineers- is to market a number of new lines this dividend of 5 per cent has been paid London: May Fair Hotel, Berkeley year. (total 10 per cent), plus Is per fl share Street W1. 11 a.m., 35th annual cor- from profit on investment (nil). porate meeting; 12 noon, President's These and other projects have involved address, 'Petroleum and the chemical capital expenditure of more than £500.000 engineer'; 7 p.m. for 7.30 p.m., annual duhng the ycar, and at 31 Deccmber C. and W. Walker dinner. there were commitments for a further Institute of Metals--London: Church A dividend of 12+ per cent (same) for House, Great Sm~thStreet SWl, 2.30 f608,908. Othcr schcmcs, now at an ycar to 31 January, has been announced t~dvanccd stage will require, it is esti- p.m. Discussion 'The metal physics of by C. and W. Walker. Group profit was corrosion and oxidation' opened by 0. mated, at least a further £300.000, £40,937 (£39.039) after tax of £42,009 Fixed assets havc increased hy Kubaschewski and C. Edeleanu. (h36.106). To reserves £ 11,300 (same), £376,710 to f1,535,411 and stocks and forward f60.850 (£57,603). WEDNESDAY 1 MAY work by £405,574 to £2,770,340. Costs ur SAC-London: Burlington House expansion havc been financed out of Piccadllly W1, 6.30 p.m. Ordinary meet: retained ~rofitsand reserves and have NEW COMPANIES I ing on 'The estimation of antibiotic necessitated the realisation of certain MAGNes'UMPRODU~SLTD~Capita~~lOo resldues in food'. (1) 'Antibiotics and the investments and the holding of Treasury public .healthq by J.. M. Ross, (2) 'The in £ l shares. Manufacturers and producers Bill. (£ 148,524 in 1955, tax reserve determination of antibiotics in milk with certificates (f 187,475). oI and dealers in mouldings, assemtlic.i, special reference to penicillin' by N. .I. accessories and fittings of all kinds from Berridge, and (3) 'The determination of Badisehe und Soda-Fabrik magnesium and any other substances etc. antibiotic residues in the tissues and Directors : A. C. Anselm, and Berndt-Ake body fluids of animals' by J. H. Taylor. A dividend of 10 pcr ccnt for 1956 (9 Hansson, Sundbyberg, Sweden. Secretary: Incorporated Plant Engineers-South- per cent in 1955) has been proposed for E E. Mancktelow. Registered office: 512-4 ampton; Polygon Hotel, 7.30 p.m. Badische Anilin und Soda-Fabrik. The Brixton Road, London, SW9. 'Liquid petroleum gases' by C. F. Port. Fertiliser Society-King's Lynn: Guild- directors also proposed a rights issue oi hall of St. George. 10.30 a.m. Some one for five at an issue price of 115 per LONDON GAZETTE investigations Into 'the application of cent, carrying dividend rights as from radioisotope techniques to fertiliser pro- I July. Notice of Meetings duction' by P. Craven. HUNTER MORDANT LTD.. registered Brandram Brothers office, 24 Basinshall Street, London, EC2. FRIDAY 3 MAY No ordinary dividend is to be paid by dealers in anti-corrosives. Creditors, 29 SCI (Fine Chemicals Group)--Lon- Brandram Brothers for the year ending April, 11.30 a.m; contributories, 29 April, don: Chemistry Lecture Thcatre, King's 30 September 1956 (6 per cent). Group 12 noon. Both at Room 401, 4th Floor, College, Strand WC2, 7 p.m. Annual loss was £13,323 (£6,855 profit) after tax general meeting followed at 7.30 p.m. by lnveresk House, 346 Strand, London The Kojbe and related reactions of of £671 (£4,152). WC2. carbon dioxide' by J. Idris Jones. Manchester Oil Refinery In his annual statement, Mr. Rudolph Market Re~orts E. F. de Trafford, chairman, said that Stratton Chemicals Ltd. was a new com- EARLY RESUMPTION SUGGESTED pany formed in conjunction with C. P. Steuber and Co. Inc. of New York, one LONDON The shorter working week other leading lines has been reported. of the leading American firms spccialls- has influenced market conditions and new There has been a satisfactory movement ing in export and shipping of liquid busincss in most sections has been quict. of fertiliser materials, though in some chemicals in bulk. This company had Despite that, the volume of home and sections there is evidence that the demand acquired the existing business of Chemi- overseas inquiry in circulation suggests has now about passed its seasonal peak. trade Ltd.. a firm dealing in the distri- an early resumption of activity. Values Most of the light and heavy tar products bution of imported chemicals in the UK generally are maintained on a firm basis continue to find a ready outlet. market. but no price changes have been notified A sum of 13.250 subscribed to Petro- at the time of this report. GLASGOW The lcvcl of business in carbon Developments Ltd. was a re- Strong price conditions and a steady thc Scottish heavy chemical market has inve~tment of capital profits received demand for most items characterise the been well maintained for most of the past after the voluntary liquidation of the coal tar products market. week, but as was expected, quietened original company, Petrocarbon Ltd. MANCHESTER From the point of slightly towards the end due to the I'etrocarhon Developments. a chemical view of fresh business the Manchester approaching Easter holidays. In re- engineering company, was currently market for heavy chemical products made gard to agricultural chemicals, the report designing and engineering one of the a relatively quiet opening after the holi- is of continued activity both in regard ancillary plants for sulphonates. day break, but a steady resumption of to immcdiate and forward deliveries. The chemical products plant was now contract deliveries of the alkaiis and Prices have remained fairly steady. CHEMICAL AGE 27 April 1957 BRITISH CHEMICAL PRICES

General Chemicals These prices are checked with the Sodium Bisulphite. Powder, 60/62%, d/d, manufacturers, but in many cases 2-ton lots for home trade, £42 15s. Acetic Acid. D/d in ret. barrels (tech. acid Sodium Carbonate Monohydrate. Ton lot, barrels free); in glass carboys, £8; there are variations accordinz to in non-ret. pack, c.p., £57. demijohns, £12 extra. 80% tech., 10 quality, quantity, place of delivery, etc. Sodium Chlorate. I-cwt. drums, c.p. station, in 4-ton lots, about £85. tons, £97; 80% pure, 10 tons, £103; Ahreviations: d/d, delivered; c.p., car- commercial glacial, 10 tons, £ 106. Sodium Cvanide. 96198%. ton lot in riage paid ; ret, returnable ; non-ret. Acetic Anhydride. Ton lots d/d, £136. I-cwt. dhms, £1 I3 5s. ' "' Alum. Ground, to.r., about £25. pack, non-returnable packaging ; tech, Sodium Dichromate. Crystals, cake and MANCHESTER: Ground, £25. technical ; comm, commercial ; gran, powder, per Ib., Iltd. Net d/d UK, Aluminium Sulphate. Ex-works, dld, granular. anhydrous, per Ib., Is Id. Net. del. dld UK. 5-cwt. to I-ton lots. £15 10s. AN prices per ton unless otherwise stated MANCHESTER:£15 15s to £ 18 10s. Sodium Fluoride. Dld. I-ton lots & over. Ammonia, Anhydrous. Per Ib., Is Yd to pcr cwt., £5; I-cwt: lots, per cwt., £5 10s. 2s 3d. Lactic Acid. Pale tech., 44% by wt., per Sodium Hyposulphite. Pea crystals, Ammonium Chloride. Per ton lot, in Ib., 14d; dark tech., 44% by wt., £35 15s; comm., I-ton lots, c.p., non-ret. pack, £29 2s 6d. ex-works, per Ib., Yd; chem. quality, £32 10s. Ammonium Nitrate. Dld.. . in 4-ton lots. 44% by wt., per Ib., 12id; I-ton lots, Sodium Iodide. BP, under 1 cwt., per Ib., £31. usual container terms. 14s; I-cwt. lots, per Ib., 13s 2d. Ammonium Persulphate. MANCHESTER: Lead Acetate. White, about £ 154. Sodium Metaphovphate (Calgon). Flaked, per cwt., in I-cwt. lots, d/d, £6 2s 6d; per Lead Nitrate. I-ton lots, about £135. paper sacks, £133. ton, in min. I-ton lots, d/d, £1 I2 10s. Lead, Red. Basis prices: Genuine dry red, Sodium Metasilicate. D/d UK in ton lots, Ammonium Phosphate. Mono- and di-, ton £141: orange lead. £153 15s. Ground loaned hags, f25. lots, did, £106 and £97 10s. in oil: red, 1159; orange, £ 173. Sodium Nitrate. Chilean refined gran. over Antimony Sulphide. Per Ib., d/d UK in Lead, White. Basis prices: Dry English in YXZ, 6-lon lots, d/d station, £29 10s. mln. I-ton lots: crimson, 4s 5d to 5-cwt. casks. £146 5s. Ground in oil: Sodium Nitrite. 4-ton lots, £32. 4s IOtd; golden, 2s 84d to 4s I id. English. I-cwt. lots, per cwt., 194s. Sodium Percarbonate. 12&%available oxy- Arsenic. Ex-store, £45 to £50. Lime Acetate. Brown, ton lots, d/d. £40; gen, per cwt., in I-cwt. kegs, £8 6s 9d. Barium Carbonate. Precip., d/d, 44011 lots, grey, 80-82%. ton lots, did, £45. Sodium Phosphate. D/d, ton lots: di- bag packing, £41. Litharge. In 5-ton lots, £143. sodium, crystalline, £40 10s. anhydrous, Barium Chloride. 2-ton lots, £49. Magnesite. Calcined, in bags, ex-works, £88; tri-sodium, crystalline, £39 10s. Barium Sulphate (Dry ,Blanc Fixe). about £21. anhydrous, £86. Precip. 2-ton lots, d/d, £35. Magnesium Carhonate. Light, comm., Sodium Silicate. 75-84" Tw. Lancs and Bleaching Powder. Ret. casks, c.p. d/d, 2-ton lots, £84 10s under 2 tons, Ches., 4-ton lots, did station in loaned station, in 4-ton lots. £28 12s 6d. £97. drums, £10 15s; Dorsct, Somerset & Borax. Ton lots, in hessian sacks, c.p. Magnesium Chloride. Solid (ex-wharf), Devon, per ton extra, £3 17s 6d; Scot- Tech., anhydrous, £66; gran., £45; £16 10s. land & S. Wales, extra, £3. Elsewhere in crystal, £47 10s; powder, £48 10s; extra Magnesium Oxide. Light, comm., d/d, Epgland, not Cornwall. extra, f l 12s 6d. fine powder, £49 10s; BP, gran., £51; under I-ton lots, £245. Sodlum Sulphate (Desiccated Glauber's crystal, £56 10s; powder, £57 10s; extra Magnesium Sulphate. Crystals, £ 16. Salt). Did in bags, £18. fine powder, £58 10s. Mercuric Chloride. Tech. powder, per Sodium Sulphate (Glauher's Salt). D/d, Boric Acid. Ton lots, in hessian sacks, Ib., for 5-cwt. lots, in 28-lb. parcels, f95stof105s. c.p. Tech., gran., £74 10s; crystal, f l 3s; smaller quantities dearer. Sodium Sulphate (Salt Cake). Unground, £82 10s; powder, £80; extra fine powder, Mercury Sulphide, Red. 5-cwt. lots in d/d station in bulk, £6. £82; BP gran., £87 10s; crystal, £94 10s; 28-lb. parcels, per Ib., El 9s 3d. MANCHESTER:d/d station, £7 10s. powder, £92; extra fine powder, Nickel Sulphate.-D/d, buyers UK, Sodium Sulphide. Solid, 60162%. spot, f 94 nominal, £ 170. did. in drums in I-ton lots. £33 2s 6d: ~aifilrmChloride. Ton lots, in non-ret. Nitric Acid. 80" Tw., £35. broken, d/d, in drums in' I-ton lots; pack: solid and flake, £ 16. Oxalic Acid. Home manufarture, min. £34 2s 6d. Chlorine, Liquid. In ret. 16-17cwt. drums 4-ton lots, in 5-cwt. casks, c p., about Sodium Sulphite. Anhydrous, £66 5s; d/d in 3-drum lots, £38 5s. £131. comm., d/d station in bags, £25 5s-£27. Chromic Acid. Less 2t%, d/d UK, in Phosphoric Acid. Tech. (s.g. 1.700) ton Sulphur. 4 tons or more, ground, accord- I-ton lots, per Ib., 2s OSd. lots, c.p., £100; BP (s.g. 1.750), ton lots, ing to fineness, £20-£22. Chromium Sulphate, Basic. Crystals, d/d, c.p., per Ib., Is 4d. Sulphuric Acid.. Net, naked at works, per Ib., 8Bd; per ton, £75 16s 8d. Potash, Caustic. Solid, I-ton lots, £93 10s; 168" Tw. according to quality, £10 7s 6d- Citric Acid. I-cwt. lots, per cwt., £ 10 15s. I~quid,£34 15s. £12; 140" Tw., arsenic free, £8 12s 6d; Cobalt Oxide. Black, per Ib., d/d, bulk Potassium Carhonate. Calcined, 96/98 %, 140" Tw., arsenious, £8 4s 6d. quantities, 13s 2d. I-ton lots, ex-store, about £74 10s. Tartaric Acid. Per cwt.: 10 cwt. or more, Copper Carbonate. Per Ib., 3s 8d. Potassium Chloride. Industrial, 96%. £14; I cwt., £14 5s. Copper Sulphate. F.o.b., less 2% in I-ton lots, about £24. Titanium Oxide. Standard grade comm., 2-cwt. bags, £89 10s. Potassium Dichromate. Crystals and rutile structure, £ 182; standard grade Cream of Tartar. 100%, per cwt., about gran., per Ib., in 5-cwt. to I-ton lots, did comm.. anatase structure. £167 (from £1 I 12s. UK, Is Ifd. 1st Feb.). Formaldehyde. In casks, did, £37 5s. Potassium Iodide. BP, under I-cwt., per Zinc Oxide. Max. for 2-ton lots, d/d, Formic Acid. 85%, in 4-ton lots, c.P., Ib., 10s 3d; per Ib. for I-cwt. lots, white seal, £120; green seal, f 113; red £86 10s. 9s 9d. seal, 2-ton lots, £ 1 15. Glycerine. Chem. pure, double distilled Potassium Nitrate. 4-ton lots, in non-ret. 1.260 s.g., per cwt., in 5cwt. drums for pack, c.p., £63 10s. Solvents & Plasticisers annual purchases of over 5-ton lots and Potassium Permanganate. BP, I-cwt. lots, under 25 tons, £10 Is 6d. Refined pale per Ib., Is IOtd; 3-cwt. lots, per Ib., Acetonc. All d/d, small lots, 5-gal. cans: straw industrial, 5s per cwt. less than Is IOd; 5-cwl. lots, per Ib., Is 91d; l-ton 5-gal., £125; IO-gal., cans incl., £ 115. chem. pure. lots, per Ib., Is 91d; 5-ton lots, per Ib., 40145 gal. rct. drums, spot: Under I ton, Hydrochloric Acid. Spot, per carboy, d/d Is 8fd. Tech., 5-cwt. in I-cwt. drums, per £90; I to under 5 tons, £87; 5 to under (according to purity, strength and cwt., £9 8s 6d; I-cwt. lots, £9 17s 6d. 10 tons. £86: 10 tons under. £85. Tank locality), about 12s. Salammoniac. Ton lot, in non-rct. pack, wagons, spot: I to under 5 tons (min. Hydrofluoric Acid. 60%, per Ib., about £45 10s. 400 gal.), £85; 5 to under 10 tons 2s 6d per Ib. Salicylic Acid. MANCHESTER:Tech., did, (1,500 gal.), £84; 10 tons & up (2,500 Hydrogen Peroxide. Carboys extra and per lb., 2s 8hd. gal.), £83; contract rebate, £2. ret. 27.5% wt., £128 10s; 35% wt., Soda Ash. 58% ex-depot or d/d, London Butyl Acctate BSS. 10-ton lots, £173. did, £ 158. station, I-ton lots, about £16 8s. n-Butyl Alcohol BSS. 10 tons. in drums. Iodine. Resublimed BP, under 1 cwt., per Soda, Caustic. Solid 76177%: spot, d/d d/d; £ 152. ~b., 14s 2d; for Icwt. lots, per Ib., 4-ton lots. £32 6s 6d. sec-Butyl Alcohol. 5-gal. drums, £159: 13s 5d. Sodium ~cekte.Comm. crystals, d/d, £91. 40-gal. drums: under I ton, £124; 1-10 Iodoform. Under 1 cwt., per Ib., £1 2s 3d.; Sodium Bicarbonate. Ton lot. in non-ret. tons, £123; 10 tons & up, £1 19; 100 tons for I-cwt. lots, per Ib., £ l 2s 6d. & up, £ 120. 27 April 1957 CHEMICAL AGE 719

tert-Butyl Alcohol. 5-gal. drums, £195 10s; Cresylic Acid. Pale YY/100%, per gal., Xylole. According to grade, in 1,000-gal. 40145-gal. drums: 1 ton, £175 10s; 1-5 6s 4d; 99.5/100%, per gal. 6s 6d. D/d lots, d/d London area in bulk, per gal., tons, f174 10s; 5-10 tons, £173 10s; UK in bulk: Pale ADF, per imperial 6s-6s 8d. 10 tons & up, £ 172 10s. gallon f.0.b. UK, from 7s 3d; per US Intermediates & Dyes Diacetone Alcohol. Small lots: 5-gal. gallon, c.i.f. NY, 95 cents. (Prices Nominal) drums, £ 177; 10-gal. drums, £167. Naphtha. Solvent, 90/160°, per gal., m-Cresol 98/100%. D/d, per Ib., 4s Yd. 40145-gal. drums: under 1 ton, £142; 6s Id; heavy, 90/190", for bulk 1,000-gal. o-Cresol 30131°C. D/d, per Ib., Is. 1-9 tons, f 141 ; 10-50 tons, £ 140; 50-100 lots, d/d, per gal., 4s IId. Drums extra; p-Cresol 34135°C. D/d, per Ib., 4s Yd. tons, £ 139; 100 tons & up. £ 138. higher prices for smaller lots. Dichloraniline. Per Ib., 4s 6d. Dihutyl Phthalate. In drums, 10 tons, Naphthalene. Crude, 4-ton lots, in buyers' Dinitrohenzene. 88/YY0C., per Ib., 2s Id. d/d, per Ib., 2s; 45-gal, drums, d/d, per Dinitrotoluene. Drums extra. SP 15"C., Ib., 2s 1Id. hags, nominal, according to m.p.: £20 11s-£33 Iis 6d; hot pressed, bulk, per Ib., 2s Ibd; SP 26"C., per Ib., Is 5d; Diethyl Phthalate. In drums, 10 tons, per SP 33°C.. oer Ib.. 1s 26d: SP 66168°C.. Ib., Is 1I Jd; 45-gal. drums, did, per Ib., ex-works, £40 Is Yd; relined crystals, . . d/d min. 4-ton lots, £68. per lb., 2s id. ' - . 2s Id. p-Nitraniline.-Per Ib., 5s Id. ~imethylPhthalate. In drums, 10 tons, Pitch. Medium, soft, home trade, f.0.r. Nitrobenzene. Spot, 90-gal. drums (drums per Ib., did, Is 9kd; 45-gal. drums, d/d, suppliers' works, £9; export trade, f.0.b. extra). I-ton lots d/d, per Ib., 10d. per Ib., Is IORd. suppliers' port, about £ 10 10s. Nitronaphthalene.-Per Ib., 2s 51d. Dioctyl Phthalate. In drums, 10 tons, d/d, Pyridine. 90/160. per gal., 20s-£1 2s 6d. o-Toluidine. 8-10-cwt. drums (drums per Ib., 2s 8d; 45-gal. clrums, d/d, per extra), per Ib.. Is Ild. Ib., 2s Ydd. Toluole. Pure, per gal., 6s Yd; YO'S, d/d, 2,000 gal. in bulk, per gal., 6s. p-Toluidise.-In casks, per Ib., 6s Id. Ether BSS. I-ton lots, drums extra, per Dimethylaniline. Drums extra, c.p., per Ib., Is Ild. MANCHESTER:Pure, naked, per gal., 5s 61d. Ib., 3s 5d. Ethyl Acetate. 10-ton lots, d/d, £ 145. Ethyl Alcohol (PBS 66 0.p.). Over 300,000 p. gal. 2s Ilid: d/d in tankers, 2,500- Chemical Stocks and Shares 10,000 p. gal., per p. gal., 3s lad. D/d in 40145-gal.drums, p.p.g. extra, Id. City Expects Record ICI Results, but No Absolute alcohol (75.2 0.o.)..,. o.o.e. extra. 5d. Methanol. Pure synthetic, d/d, £43 15s. Change in Dividend Payment Methvlated Soirit. Industrial 66" on.: HE RUDGETgove a strong impetus to shares advanced from 17s Yd to IYs 6d. 506-gal. & ;p, d/d in tankers, per gal., T stock markets, where industrial shares Monsanto 5s shares have been active 5s 4d; 100-499 gal. in drums, d/d, per have recorded a general advance. Main around 19s 3d 'ex' rights to the new shares, gal., 5s 8&d. Pyridinised 64 0.p.: 500 gal. & up, in tankers, d/d, pcr gal., 5s 611; attention centred on shares of companies which were at a premium of Ils Yd. 100-499 gal. in drums, d/d, per gal., which should benefit from the tax con- Hickson and Welch 10s shares were firm at 5~ IOdd. ccssion in respect of earnings from overseas 30s Yd 'ex' the scrip issue. Hardman and ~ethil-Ethyl Ketone. 10-ton lots, d/d, assets. But it cannot be deduced that Holden kept steady at 8s 3d. F. W. Berk £140. higher profits and increased dividends are 5s shares eased from 7s 7d. to 6s IOhd. MethylisoButylKetone. IOtons&up,£I59. in prospect. Costs are still rising, and to British Glues 4s shares moved up to isoPropyl Acetate. In drums, 10 tons, mect competition in export markets, prices I Is 6d and William Blythe 3s shares eased d/d, f 137; 45-gal. drums, d/d, £ 143. may have to be cut, which means lower to 9s 3d. Greeff-Chemicals Holdings 5s isopropyl Alcohol. Small lots: 5-gal. profit margins and a larger volume of shares showed strength at 18s ]Old. Laporte drumr, f 118; 10-gal. drums, £ 108; 40-45 gal. drums: less than I ton, £83: 1-9 exports in order to maintain earnings. 5s rose from 18s 41d a month ago to 89s Yd. tons, £81; 10-50 tons, £80 10s; 50 tons Chemical shares participated in the Reichhold 5s are steady at 13s Yd and & up, £80. upward trend of stock markets with Yorkshire Dyeware and Chemical 5s shares Imperial Chemical particularly good in at 9s 3d. Rubber Chemicals anticipation of the financial results expected Fisons were good with an advance on the Carbon Disulphide. According to quality, towards the end of the month. IC1 shares month from 56s 6d to 60s. Anchor £61-£67. are now 45s loid, which compares with Chemical 5s shares held steady at Ils 6d Carbon Black. Per Ib.. according to 42s 9d a month ago. Sentiment has been and Ashe Chemical Is shares at Is I ad. packing, Xd-Is. helped by the view that the ICI group Elsewhere, the shares of The Distillers Carbon Tetrachloride. Ton lots, £81. would probably bcnefit substantially from Co. responded to market talk of higher India-Rubber Substitutes. White, per Ib., the proposed European free trade area. dividend prospects and were 24s Yd Is 8fd to 2s Id; dark, d/d, per Ib., (22s Yd a month ago). Is 3d-Is 51d. Rut the present talking point is, however, Lithopone. 30%. about £55. whether thc coming dividend will increase Borax Holdings remained an active the total above the 10 per cent which has feature, and have advanced on the month Mineral Black. £7 10s-£ 10. Prevailing from 23s 6d to 27s. Coalite and Chemical Sulphur Chloride. British, about £50. ruled for the past two years. Vegetable Lamp Black. 2-ton lots, £64 8s. assumption is still that it may be decided 2s shares showed firmness at 4% while Vermilion. Pale or deep, 7-lb. lots, per not to pay more at this stage. The decision British Chrome and Chemicals 5s shares Ih., 15s 6d. will not only depend on the financial have strengthened from 10s to 10s Yd. results which are expected to show a new British Oxygen at 37s remained under Coal-Tar Products record, but also on the directors' views as the influence of the financial results and Benzole. Per gal., min. 200 gal., d/d in to the more immediate outlook and on the the chairman's annual statement. United bulk, YWs, 5s; pure, 5s 4d. question of capital commitments. LC1 loan Mo!asses 10s shares moved up to 43s Yd in Carbolic Acid. Crystals, min. price, d/d stock, which carries the right to convert response to higher dividend hopes. bulk, per Ib., Is 4d: 40150-gal. ret. into ordinary shares on generous terms in Oils displayed activity under the lead of drums extra, pcr Ib., Id. Crude, 60's, the future, has changed hands actively up Shell, which responded to the record results per gal., 8s. to a p~emiumof f171. and the raising of the tax-free dividend MANCHESTER:Crystals, d/d, per Ib., Albright and Wilson 5s shares remained from 15 per cent to 18: per cent. The Is 4d-Is 7d; crude, naked, at works, 8s. under the influence of the financial results shares which are now quoted on New Creosote. Home trade. per gal., according to quality. f.0.r. makcr's works, Is-Is Yd. and have risen further from 19s 3d a month York, were 182s 3d compared with MANCHESTER:Per gal., Is 2d.-Is Xd. ago to 21s lid, while Lawes Chemical 10s 177s 6d a month ago.

6, VU LCAN " IRON AND STEEL CARBOY HAMPERS

BRAND SAFETY CRATES, PACKED CARBOYS HARRIS (LOSTOCK GRALAM) LTD. LOSTOCK GRALAM. NORTHWICH, CHESHIRE. CHEMICAL AGE 27 April 1957

EXCITING PROMISE OF DRY POWDER FULFILLED BY NU-SWIFT t

HOWNU-SWIFTDRY POWDER KILLS DANGEROUS FIRES Released from a sealed pressure charge, the finely ground powder bursts out in a fan-shaped cloud, smothering and blanketing the fire. The fine cloud also gives the fire fighter complete protection against the intense heat of a liquid fire, allowing him to get within effective range of the blaze. DRAWBACKS HITHERTO ASSOCIATED WITH DRY POWDER PRINCIPLE NOW ELIMINATED WE MAKE OUR OWN POWDER It is carefully prepared, ground, sieved, and mixed in our own L30,ooo powder mill. Special treatment during manufacturing process avoids any chance of coagulation through static elec- tricity. No inpredients liable to bacteriological decay are used in its manufacture. EFFICIENT EXTINGUISHER DESIGN Nu-Swift dry powder is held in sealed pressure charges-so it cannot cake, pack, or coa-late because of humidity. Only negligible maintenance is necessary: inspection is simple-the tell-tale gauge on the container indicates whether the charge is unused and under pressure. THE NU-SWIFT DRY POWDER NU-SWIFT DRY POWDER IS NON-TOXIC; EXTINGUISHER MODEL 1604 NON-CONDUCTIVE; NON-CORROSIVE; NON-ABRASIVE; Astoundinp new Dry Powder AND FROST-PROOF DOWN TO -40°C. extinguisher which kills these fires IN SECONDS : EXTINGUISHER MODEL 1604 : f 10.10.0. FOC Ref. No. 104/8. Spare charges (No. 64) 901- CLASS 'B' FIRES SEND OR PHONE FOR BOOKLET No. 364 -better still, mail your order-and see for yourself! *Aliaccessibleinflammable liquid fires, including alcohol. petrol, organic solvents of every kind, NU-SWIFT oils and asphalts. THE WORLD'S FASTEST AND MOST RELIABLE FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT CLASS 'C' FIRES NU-SWIFT LTD.. 25 PICCADILLY. LONDON. W.I. Tcl: REGent 5724 FACTORY & HEAD OFFICE: ELLANO. YORKSHIRE. Tcl: Elland 7.851 *All electrical fires, and I----______-_____------fires in motor vehicles, To Nu-Swift Ltd.. Dept. C.A. 25 Piccadilly. London. W.I. I I electronic equipment. Pleore let me hare your Dry Powder extinguisher booklet No. 364 I etc. NAME -. - - I I I ADDRESS I I I ...... I 27 April 1957 CHEMICAL AGE

Process for the preparation of salt- carbon dioxide baths. Hesse, E. 776 293 NEW P Polymeric materials. Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. 776 181 Cold drawing of titanium or titanium By permission of the Controller. HM Hvdrocatalvtic desulohurisation of oetro- base alloys. Imperial Chemical Indus- Statiortcry Oflice, the following ex- 'leum capbons. ~Atish~etroleuG Co. tries Ltd., Hands, S., and Humpage, 1. Ltd., Porter, F. W. B., and Northcott, 171;,..,",- 211 tracts are reproduced from the 'Oficial R. P. 776 247 and 776 248 lournnl (Patents),' which is available Gasoline composition. Socony Mohil Oil Treatment of textile materials compris- Co. Inc. 776 297 from the Patent Ofice (Sole Branch). ing fibres of cellulose triacetate. British Aromatics, dehydrogenated hydrocar- 25 Southampton Buildings. Chancery Celanese Ltd. 776 346 bons and resins. Esso Research and Lane, London WC2, price 2s 6d in- Calcium carbide. Wacker-Chemie Ges. Engineering Co. 776,457 776 271 Production of cation-exchange reslns. cluding postage: annual subscriptiorl Fractional distillation of mixtures of Permutit Co. Ltd. 776 184 £6 6d. liquids. Rutgerswerke-AG. 776 154 Process for oiling leathers. Boehme Fett- Werncr type complexes and composl- chemie Ges. 776 375 tions containing same. Du Pont de Explosive elements. Imperial Chemical Specifications filed in cormection wit11 Ncmours, E. I., and Co. 776 156 Industries Ltd. 776 185 the acceptances in the follo~ring list ~uill Metal oxide coatings. Armour Research Oxidation dves on fibre. ACNA Aziende he operl to public inspecfiort orr the dotes Foundation of Illinois Institute of ~azionali.Colori Affini. 776 459 shown. Opposition to the grant of a Technology. 776 443 Fuel comoosition. California Research potent on any of the applications listed Solvents and softeners for polyesters of Corp. 776 189 rnoy he lodged by filing patents form 12 terephthalic acid with aliphatic di- Microporous, rubber vulcanisate. Accu- or any titne within the prescrihrd period. hydroxy-compounds. Fa r b w e r k e mulatoren-Fabrik AG. [Addition to Hocchst AG. 776 157 708 874.1 776 377 Organic substances of high molecular Glass fibres and compositions. Owens- AMENDED SPEClFlCATlON weight. British Celanese Ltd. 776535 Corning Fiberglas Corp. 776 302 Containers for dispensing fluids. Lyons. Process of adsorption. Union Carbide Orr sole 29 May or as soon as possihlc J., and Co. Ltd.. White, P., and Steele, and Carbon Corp. 776 467 thermftpr. A. H. V. 776 242 Acetal condensation products and pro- Polystyrene plastics materials. Monsanto cess foi dimensional control of textile Carbon black. Cabot, G. L., Inc. 699406 Chemicals Ltd. [Addition to 745 901.1 and paper materials. Quaker Chemical 776 048 Products Corp. 776 468 ACCEPTANCES Preparation of terephthalic acid. Chem- Electrolytic deionisation of salt-contain- patents Inc. 776 274 ing liquids. Nederlandsche Organisatie Very high molecular weight organtc sub- Voor Toegepast-Natuutwetenschappe- stances. British Celanese Ltd. 776 066 liik Onderzoek ten Behoeve van Exolosive substances in thermoolastic or Extraction apparatus. Maschinenfahrik Niiverheid, Handel en Verkeer. 776 469 pourable form. Slater, W. E., Mac- Buckau R. Wolf AG. 776 445 Handling gases in metallurgical proc-sses. kenzie, D., and Bailey, W. A. 776539 Oxidation process. California Research Kaiser. H. J.. Co. 776 538 Cyclohexanone. Farbwerke Hoechst AG. Carp. 776 161 Polymeric substances containing ureido [Addition to 739 263.1 776 262 Apoaratus for measuring high degrees of groups. Kodak Ltd. 776 470 Light alloy heat exchangers. Imperral drvness. British Insulated Callender's Separating liquid mixtures by flash Chemical lndustries Ltd., Moore, ~a'bles Ltd. [Cognate application vaoorisation. Naamlooze Vennootschao D. C.. and Edge, D. A. 776433 de'Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschapnii. 26661 .I 776 536 776 A71 Regeneratwe heat exchangers. Hartnell- .,"T." Production of silica. Monsanto Chemi- Reducing caking tendency of potassium Beavis, M. C. [Cognate application cals Ltd. 776 275 4944 and 10834/54.] [Divided out of Vacuum tube balancing networks for chloride and mixtures. Naamlooze 776 533.1 776 532 metal detection systems. General Elec- Vennootschao Koninklijke Nederland- Azo dyestuffs of the pyrazolone and tric Co. 776 163 sche Zoutindustrie. 776 479 ovrazole series. Farbwerke Hoechst Modification of polymeric materials. Quaternary ammonium compound. Rohm AG. 776 265 and Haas Co. 776 480 Monsanto Chemicals Ltd. 776 278 Coated substrates. Farbenfabriken Baver Counterflow regenerative heat exchan- Electrolytic preparation of alginic acid. gers. Hartnell-Beavis. M. C. [Cognate AG. 776 087 Torgersen, H. 776 356 Nuclear alkylation of aromatic com- application 32702.1 776 533 Substituted ureas. Imperial Chem~cal Aluminous abrasives. Montrose Schle~f- pounds containing a hydroxyl erouo. Industries Ltd. 776 069 Farbenfabriken Baver AG. 776 204 mittel Establishment. [Cognate appli- Esters of terephthalic acid. Imner~al cation 33726.1 776 435 Isonicotinamide. Distillers Co. Ltd. . Chemical lndustries Ltd. 776 282 776 313 Working up of crude benzene. Gelsen- synthetic detergent compositions. South kirchener Bergwerks-AG. 776 145 Desulohurisation of cast iron. Union African Coal, Oil and Gas Corp. Carbide and Carbon Coro. 776315 Continuous production of synthetic luhri- 776 360 cating oil. Ruhrchemie AG. 776 436 Seed disinfectants. Imperial Chemical Method and apparatus for generating Industries Ltd.. Pearson, R., and Sham. Compounds of the pregnane series. gas. Union Carbide and Carbon Corn. Organon Laboratories Ltd. 776 055 F. L. 776 491 Unsaturated ethers. Ruhrchemie AG. 776 070 Imnroving the surface prooerties of tex- Apparatus for the physical interaction of tile fibres and plastics foils. Deutsche 776 056 two media. Munters. C. G. 776071 Resinous reaction products. Dunlop Gold- und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vorm. Preservation of tea. Monsanto Chemicals Roessler. 776 398 Rubber Co. Ltd. [Addition to 742 718.1 776 166 776 342 Ltd. Removing air and water from metallic Finishing metal surfaces. Kent, G.. Ltd. Reaction of olefins with perfluoro acids. halides. Union Carbide Ltd. 776 317 776 147 Esso Research and Engineering Co. Nitrocellulose dipping lacquers. Wasar- Electrolytic disintegration of cemented 776 073 Chemie AG. 776 492 carbide material. Deutsche Edelstahl- Fungicidal compositions. Imperial Chem- Monoazo dyestuffs and their metal com- werke AG. 776 045 cal Industries Ltd. 776 169 plex compounds. Farbenfabriken Raver Lubricant additives having detergent and Devices for delivering measured quanti- AG. 776 318 dispersant properties. Phillips Petro- ties of lisuid. Gaskell and Chamhers Cur;ng resinous plycidyl polyethers. leum Co. 776 438 Ltd. (trading as Non-Drip Measure Westinghouse Electric International Cleansing preparations for use against Co.). 776 454 Co. 776 21 3 radioactive contamination. National Additive compositions for lubricating oils Catalysts and coatine comoositions. Du Research Development Coro. 776 148 and lubricating compositions contain- Pont de Nemours. E. I., and Co. 776 403 Armoured plastics tubes and their manu- ing them. Esso Research and Enrlineer- Chemotheraneutic products and methods facture. Abeloos. A. 776 150 ine Co. 776 455 of oreoarinn them. Badische An;l;n- Stahle beta-containing alloys of titanium. ~erhicidal compositions. Monsanto und Soda-Fabrik AG. 776 494 Rem-CN Titanium Inc. 776 440 Chemicals Ltd. 776 173 Carotene concentrates or carotene from Polvstyrene plastics materials. ~onsanto Chlorination of titaniferous ores. Du veretahle material. Aktieselskahet Chemicals Ltd. 776 047 Pont de Nemours. E. I.. and Co. Schou-Palsgaard. 776 405 Prevention of galvanic corrosion. Winn 776 295 Treatment of hydrogen sulphide. Voao- and Coales Ltd.. and Coalcs, F. R. Rieuanides. Aktiebolaeet Kahi. 776 176 gas SA. 776 319 [Cognate annlication 5001.1 776 057 Plastics laminates. Celanese Coro. of Hardenable condensation products. Reck. Disazo dvestuffs. Sandoz Ltd. 776 268 America. 776 179 Koller and Co. (England) Ltd. 776 495 722 CHEMICAL AGE 27 April 1957

EDUCATIONAL FOR SALE: continued

A.M.1.CHEM.E.-More than one-third of the successful MORTON, SON AND WARD. LIMITED, STAINLESS STEEL candidates since 1944 have been trained by T.I.G.B. All seeking VESSELS quick promotion in thechemical and Allied Industries should send VESSELS of all shapes and sizes, jacketed or unjacketed-with for the T.I.G.B. Prospectus. 100 pages of expert advice. details stainless steel mixing gear to requirements; also stainless steel of Guaranteed Home Study Courses for A.M.l.Chem.E., storage tanks and vacuum vessels. B.Sc.Eng,, A.M.I.Mech.E., A.M.l.Prod.E., C. & G., etc., and " MORWOOD" "U"-shaped TROUGH MIXERS-up to 2 tons, a wide range of Diploma Courses in most branches of Engi- in stainless steel, with agitators, ~crollor paddle type, jacketed or neering. Send for your copy today-FREE. T.I.G.B. (Dept. uniacketed. 84). 29. Wright's Lane. London W.8. Stainless Steel TROUGHS, TANKS and CYLINDERS made to requirements. These items can also be fabricated in mild steel. SITUATIONS VACANT JACKETED PANS 100g., 150g.. and 2mg.,~new,in mild steel, for 100 Ib. p.s.i. w.p.- with or without mixing gear. ANALYTICAL CHEMIST 3 cwt. TROUGH MIXERS by CHALMERS and GARDNER A vacancy exists with the Operations Branch of the Industrial -stainless steel-lined troughs. Group of the UNITED KINGDOM ATOMIC ENERGY 50g., 759. and 100g. heavy duty MIXERS by FALLOWS and AUTHORITY in the Chemical Services Laboratories at DOUN- BATES. Agitators driven through bevel gears from fast and REAY WORKS, THURSO, CAITHNESS, SCOTLAND. loose pulley. DUTIES : To lead a small team of chemists engaged on 200g. cast-iron JACKETED MIXING VESSEL with nickel- analytical research and development work connected with a large chrome impellor type agitator driven through bevel gears from chemical and metallurgical research programme. fast and loose pulley. QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE: The ,minimum AIR COMPRESSORS qualification IS a second class honours degree or equ~valentIn THREE 30 c.f.m. at 100 Ib. pressure, water cooled, automatic chemistry. Experience in modern physico-chemical techniques of overloads, with or without motors. analysis is essential. Some knowledge of specialised subjects such AIR RECEIVERS MADE TO REQUlREMENTS. PUMPS as radiochemistry, ion- exchange, polarography and metallurgical Selection of new MONO and second-hand Pumps in stock- analysis would be an advantage. Candidates should be at least 2 in. to 5 in. 26 years of age, and preferably have experience of leading a small Inquiries Invited. development team. MORTON, SON AND WARD, LIMITED, SALARY: Will be assessed within the scale £1,155 to £1,355 WALK MILL. p.a. A contributory Pension Scheme is in operation. DOBCROSS. NEAR OLDHAM. Houses for renting by the Authority's staff are in course of Lancs. erection at Thurso and hostel accommodation may be available Phone Saddleworth 437 for single and unaccompanied married persons. Financial assist- ance towards removal expenses may be given in certain cases, as well as towards legal expenses incurred in private purchase. Send a postcard for an application form, quoting reference 1852 Morton Whisking Machine container fitted water jacket 17 in. to the Recruitment Officer, United Kingdom Atomic Energy diam. by 24 in. deep. Fast and loose pulleys. 14 in. by 3 in. Authority, Industrial Group Headquarters, Risley, Warrington, Exhaust Fan by Musgrave. 18 in. impellor, 17 in. suction, 13 in. Lancs. by 13 in. delivery. R.O. bearings. Fast and loose pulleys, 6 in. Closing Date-13th May, 1957. by 31 in. THOMPSON & SON (MILLWALL) LIMITED, LONDON, E.14. FOR SALE TEL. EAST 1844.

PHONE 98 STAINES S.S. Washing Machine with Gas-fired Boiler. RAKER-PERKINS No. 17 Mixer. Tiltine- trough- 53 in. bv 43 in. S.S. Jacketed Pans-38 in. by 36 in, (2) 36 in. by 30 in., 33 in. by by 32 In., w~thtwo 'Z'bladcs. 27 in. and 26 in. by 23 in. deep. ALUMINIUM TANK-600 gal., on wheels. S.S. Lined Autoclaves-6 ft. by 3 ft., 100 w.p. TORRANCE CHANGE PAN MIXER-20 in bv 15 in. S.S. & Chrome Emulsifier/Mixing Arms-+, 1, I and 2 h.p. VACUUM SHELF DRIER4 ft. 7 in. by 3 ft. f in. by 3 ft., with S.S. Mitchell Portable Electric Stirrer-A.C. three steam-hci~tedshclvcs. 7.000 & 4.500-eall. Cvlindrical Pressure Tanks. No. 4 KEK MILGwitli 5 h.~.A.C. motor. ~iiesty~lectr; ~elleiingPress. GARDNER 'E' SIFTER MIXER-150 Ib. and 'C' 60 Ib. (6) 1.000-ral. OIT Rec. Tanks-I0 ft. by 5 ft. by 3 ft. 6in. U-TROUGH MIXER-50 gal.. tilting type. Pumps, D~s~ntegrators,Crushers, Condensers, Refiners. Stslls, etc. WINKWORTH MACHINERY LTD.. 65 Hiah Street. Staines. HARRY H. GARDAM & CO. LTD. Telephone 1010.

BOX NUMBERS: Reply c/o &' Chemical Age ' Bouverie House . Fleet Street ' EC4 27 April 1957 CHEMICAL AGE 723

FOR SALE: continued WANTED

-- - - INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS, LTD - 16, Philpot Lane, London, Twin-roll Drying Machine hy C;o~~d\clieof Gouda, Holland- E.C.3. will be pleased to receive pariku~arsof any by-products, fitted two steam-heated roll5 approx. 6 ft. 6 in. long by 2 ft. 4 in. waste materials and residues for disposal. diam., suitable 80 Ib./sq. in. w.p., arranged fast and loose pulley, drive through helical gearing, equippcd with knife holders, knives. fume hood, discharge conveyors, etc. THREE AVAIL- ARI F. WORK WANTED & OFFERED ~wo6iusedVacuum Drying Ovens by Scott-rihbed cast-iron construction, in bolted sections. Int. dimensions 6 ft. by 4ft. 3 in. by 4 ft. 10 in., 16 steam coil shelves. Suitable 27-28 in. vacuum PULVERISING of everv descriotion of chemical and other fitted heavy dished door. With vacuum pump, condenser, etc. materials. ~ollections,-storage; deliveries. THOMAS HILL, Horizontal 'Rapid' Trough Mixer by Gardner. Trough II ft. by 9 JONES, LIMITED, INVlCTA WORKS, BOW COMMON 44 in. by 42 in. deep, of mild steel plate. in. sq. bottom centre LANE, LONDON E.3 (TELEPHONE: EAST 3285). discharge. 14 in. diam. bagging attachment. Intermittent scroll agitator driven through flexible coupling and redt~ctiongear. 36 in. diam Broadbent Hydro Extractor, basket 15 in. deep with 1$ in. perforations at It in. pitch. Belt drive. 10 sq. ft. Rotary Vacuum Filter by Davey Paxman. Drum 3 ft. CRUSHING, GRINDING, MIXING and DRYING for the trade. diam. by 15 in., with stainless steel perforated plates. Driven through reduction gear bv Met.-Vick. motor. Arritator seoaratelv. . THE CRACK PULVERISING MILLS LTD. motohsed through- reduction gear. Plantation House Unused 250-gal. Monel Metal Totally Enclosed STEAM- Mincing Lane, JACKETED REACTION VESSEL-38 in. diam. by 58 in. deep, London, E.C.2. dished bottom with 3 in. flanged outlet. Mild steel jacket within 10 in. of top. Dished cover with 8 in. centre inlet and two 2 in. flanged branches. Jacket suitable 15 in. w.p. NEW STAINLESS STEEL STORAGE TANKS AND VESSELS, AUCTIONEERS, VALUERS, Etc. with capacities ranging from 8 gallons to 1,000 gallons. NEW PORCELAIN AND SILEX-LINED BALL MILLS. with capacities ranging from 9 gallons to 260 gallons. EDWARD RUSHTON, SON AND KENYON (Established 1855). GEORGE COHEN SONS & CO. LTD., WOOD LANE. LONDON. W.12. Tcl.: Shepherds Bush 2070 and Auctioneers, Valuers and Fire Loss Assessors of STANNINGLEY, NR. LEEDS. Tel.: Pudsev 2241 CHEMICAL WORKS PLANT AND MACHINERY York House, 12 York Street, Manchester. DRYING MACHINES for Sale. 1 Dunford & Elliott Rotary Louvre Drier, equipped with cylinder heater, centrifugal fans, cyclone^, etc. 1 American ADT Steam Drier. 4 ft. diam., 15 ft. long. Inquiries to DEWSNAP, 10 CALVERT AVENUE, Telephone 1937 (2 lines) Central Manchester. LONDON, E.2. Classified Advertisement Order Form

To The Manager SITUATIONS VACANT . EDUCATIONAL CHEMICAL AGE OFFICIAL APPOINTMENTS . WANTED Bouverie House FOR SALE INVITATION TO TENDER Fleet Street, London E.C.4 AUCTIONEERS, VALUERS, etc. . PATENTS Please insert the following in your next issue and for...... WORK WANTED AND OFFERED weeks thereafter Date......

CLASSIFIED RATES All sections Sd. per word. Minimum 81-. Three or more insertions 4d. per word. Box Number 21- extra. Up to 10 a.m. Tuesday for insertion same week. SEMI-DISPLAY 301- per inch. Three or more insertions 251- per inch.

Name ...... Address ...... 724 CHEMICAL AGE 27 April 1957

- - Rockets and 1957 EDITION Guided Missiles of CHEMICAL AGE YEAR BOOK BY JOHN HUMPHRIES is out of print INTENDED in the main for engineers and technicians, this complete survey of present- day achievements and possible future develop- ORDERS CAN NOW ments presents the latest information on rocket motors and their applications from an engineer's point of view. ~0thsolid and liquid be accepted for the propellant motors are discussed, the latter more fully as being of greater interest to the engineer. The first half of the book covers 1958 EDITION propellants, motors and components, the (Published December) second, the applications of these motors to missiles and aircraft, and in conclusion a review of potentialities for the future is appended. The author has had wide practical PRICE : 21 /- experience following a brilliant scholastic career, and is at present actively engaged on rocket research. 3 1s. (postage paid) ORDER FROM Ernest Benn Limited The Publisher, Chemical Age Year Book, Bouverie House, Fleet Street, London, EC4 Bouverie House . Fleet Street ' London . EC4 (Tclcphonr : Fl~rlStr~,rt 3212)

Do& mk.s fie OPiNlNG D/SPLRY" //!'/)lay onwards) of the ilew MSE SHOWROOMS/ (Spenser Sfieef) * * * CENTRIFUGES M I C R 0 T 0 M E S HOMOGENISERS A range of Models. with or The four MSE Microtome There arc three MSE without refrigeration, for general Models cover between thcm ~~~~~~~i~~~~ and purpose centrifuging, together all possible sectioning requlre- ments with paraffin or cel- 'lenders 'Or laboratory with high-speed and super-speed loidin or nlixing and macerating centrifuges for research work. specimens down to 1 micron. Liquid Special purpose centrifuges for For clinical, pathological, as little clinical work, oil testing and soil teaching and industrial appli- as I cc. UP to 800 cc. investigation. cations. can be dealt with.

MEASURING & SCIENTIFIC EQUIPMENT LTD Spenser Street, London. S.W.I. Victoria 5426

Printed in Oraat Britain by THE PRESSAT COOXBELAND~LTD.. Addintone, and pullished by UEYN BROTBPISI,TD., at Bouverie Home. 154 Yl-t Street. E.C.I. 27 April 1957. Re&tered at the Qenernl Pat 018ce. Entered s8 Yemnd Class Matter nt tho h'ea York U.S.A. Post OWce. 2l April 1957 CHEMICAL AGE iii

~~rnc~d Import and Export of Chemicals Poland. Warszawa 10. P.O.B. 343, Jasna, 12 Telegrams. CIECH-WARSZAWA. Tel. 690-01

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