Of the University of Manchester

OF V I Y F A THE UNI ERS T O M NCHESTER .

I A I HISTOR C L SER ES . "" VI No . " II .

CAPTAI MYLE TA D N S S N ISH. Published by the University of Manches ter at

r T UNIV ITY P . M . MCK C M .A . Sec etar HE ERS RESS (H E HNIE , , y) ,

1 2 LIM GR V Oxr onn MAN T . , E O E , ROAD, CHES ER

LONGMANS G N COMPANY , REE , w aternoster R o L E . C . . 39, P , ONDON, 4

Fourt enue and hirti eth treet Ne w Y RK . h Av T S , O 6 Horn a d M B Y . 33 , by Ro , O BA

’ ‘ 6 Old ourt House treet CALCUTI A . , C S ,

1 6 Mount ad M R . 7, Ro , AD AS

MYLES STANDISH .

From a P ai nting a t Ply mouth. Captain My es Standish: H IS LO S T LA N DS A ND

LANCASHIRE CONN ECTION S .

t A New Inves igation .

B Y m u REV .

T HOMAS CRUDDAS PO RT EUS , R A , B . D . ,

Vi ca r o SI. hn the Di vi ne f j o ,

ull La ncas hi n . Copp ,

MANCHESTER : AT THE UNIV ITY P E ERS R SS ,

1 2 LDIE Gxov n Oxro nD O , , R AD .

LONG MANS G E N 3 O . , R E C ew L N Y ou B o n ny n o. ON ON , D ,

Captain My es Stan H IS LO S T LA N DS A N D O LANCASHIRE CONN ECTI N S .

e I e A N w nv stigation .

B Y THE REV .

T H MA R D DA P D O S C U RTE B A . B . . S O US, . , ,

Vi ca r o St. ohn the Divi ne f j ,

C ull La nca shi re opp , .

MANCHESTER : AT THE UNIV ITY P ERS RESS ,

1 2 M G V L R O" R . , I E O E , FO D ROAD

LONGMANS G N C0 . , REE

EW L N Y R K B ou EAY Er c . ON ON , O D , V S I UNI ER TY OF MANCHESTER PUBLICATIONS .

O " V N . "" C . F re o word .

HE ancestral homes of the Men of the Mayﬂower T are centres of interest both to Americans and ourselves . The following pages record some recent researches n m i to the ystery of Myles Stand ish . New light is

own on m l n . thr the proble of his lost a ds , and of his descent Some Old traditions are challenged ; the squires of Dux bury and the rectors of Chorley are Cleared of the charges

Often brought against them .

r m un n n m May eve y other is dersta di g , whether s all or En New En land be great , between Old gland and g g as - i easily dissipated , and Anglo American friendsh p wax ﬁrm t and s rong . The author is indebted to Professor James Tait for u an Kechnie s d . Mc E m ch guidance help , and to H M . , q

. . S r es i M A , ecreta y of the Manch ter Un versity Press , n for the valuable assista ce he has given . m Cordial thanks are tendered to Mrs . Te pest and to N n . for . W . S Es . S H ta dish , q , the use of the tandish D r an of eeds and Papers ; to Dr. W illiam Farrer fo the lo Townele nus the y Ma cripts ; and also to Mr. D . Halton for permission to use photographs .

a Sum Es . H rold ner , q , has given generous t e i a n aid towards h cost of publ c tio .

but not w n to . . n Last , least , the riter is i debted J M Ai s

Cou Es . . P . and n gh , q , J , his friend helper in many an a ti uarian u q q es t .

Con tents .

Fo RE wOR D

A CH PTER I . TH E CHARACTER AND CAREER or CAP TAIN STAN DISH

A T II CH P ER . TH E MYSTERY or MYLES STANDISH A T III CH P ER . TH E STANDISHES OF ORMS K IRK AND OF MAN

A T IV CH P ER .

’ TH E CAP TAIN S DESCENT FROM STANDISH OF STANDISH AND H IS CONNECTION W ITH D uxED RY

A T V CH P ER .

' LON GFELLOW S COURTSHIP OF MILES STANDISH

I CHAPTER V . D U"BURY PARK

A VII CH PTER . STANDISH HA LL I V II .

A PILGRIM LIBRARY

CHAP TER I". DEEDS RELATIN G TO THE LOST LANDS

AP P ENDI"— LATER STANDISHES or ORMS K IRK Biblio ra h g p y .

AR W The Stor o the Pil ri Fa ther 0 - R R , m s 1 6 6 1 62 BE , ED A D y f g , 3 l ms elves thei r ends nd h i as to d b the ri a t e r enemi es . 8 y , f , 1 97 .

W I M Histor o the li moth la n i on B R R , tat . ADFO D , ILL A y f P P o l 8 Ed . . . D e 1 96 . J A y ,

A W M Genera l His or o N ew En la n R t d . HUBB D, ILLIA , y f g

Secon ed iti on 1 8 8 . d , 4

MACK EN NAL A " R H omes and H a unts o the il ri m , LE ANDE , f P g 8 Fathers . 1 99 .

h l M . roni c es o the Pil ri m Fa thers . E er ASEFIELD , JOHN C f g v y ’ w ma n s Li rar 1 1 . is contai ns or s b . M orton b y , 9 7 Th k y N ,

us ma n Winsl ow and ot ers . In t i s oo it is rieﬂ C h , , h h b k b y o l referred t as P i gri m Fa thers .

' MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICA L SOCIETY S PUBLICATIONS .

’ I ew n l nd s ll i N a M emoria . F t M R , N E O TON , ATHAN EL g f h

e i ti on 1 826 and ari ous e itions . d , , v d

’ NEW EN GLAND HISTORIC GENEA LOGICAL SOCIETY S PUBLI

C ATION s .

thers ee as eﬁeld . P ilgri m Fa . S M

l U R The i ri ms and thei r Hi stor . 1 1 8 . SHE , ROLAND , P g y 9

l Y G A " R hroni cles o the P i rim Fathers . OUN , LE ANDE , C f g

S econ e ition 1 8 . d d , 44 l ion List o f Ilustrat s .

M from a ainti n at l mout Mass . YLES STANDISH , p g P y h , F ronti spi ece

' MAP From am en s B ri tann i a 1 6 e i tion aci n 1 ( C d , 95 d ) f g

R a e wi h all e H R G , t t e e mutila C O LEYRE ISTE , P g 39 h g d

ti on and the rece i n a e . , p d g p g

CHORLEY CHURCH in 1 859

MONUMENT TO CAPTAIN MYLES STA NDISH at Dux

ur Mass . b y,

D uxEUR Y HALL in 1 8 46

STANDISH CHURCH AN D STA NDISH HALL

TE E G V o r I a R M t Du ur Mass . A E YLES STAND SH xb y , R OF THE A A PA T COUNTY PAL TINE O F LANC STER . ' r amd m r ta n n ed F om C s B i ni a Editio 0 1 6 reduc . , / 95 ( ) T he abo v e ma s c a e about 6 mi e s to the inc e the a c e s men p , l ; l h , sh ws pl tion ed i n the i o f C a tain M l e s Stand sh e xc e t Ma d e s e y h c h w ll p y i , p w l w i a n i a k rk i s a t n c dj o i s B sph m . O rms i o w ac e ssibl e from W igan or Southp o rt ; it o e e an intere tin an ie nt ur c At ur cou re the c ant p ss ss s s g c C h h . B s gh a s y ru m of the Old bbe . C ro to n M a d e s e Ne bur h and W ri tin ton s A y s , w l y , w g gh g are c ountr At ta C urc h r m i tin ri y plac e s . S ndish h a e an y ntere s g me mo a ls ; an d at r h r the um t Ch o l ey C u ch mon en s of the S tandish e s of Duxbury . T he abov e map she ws T he P e l e ( now Duxbury Park) o n the wrong sid e of m the ri v e r but the a c com an in na e i s o n the c orrec t out sid e . T he , p y g , s h , “ " 1 6 e d tio n iv e s the name a s The Pe e of Duxb t as ne v er in the 37 i g l ury . I w aris o f C or e a s so me av e su o ed but was a a s in the anc ie nt p h h l y , h pp s , lw y ari i p sh of S tand sh . CHAPTER I .

The Character and Career of

Captain Standish .

T‘ has recently been said concerning the Pilgrim Fathers that they leave no impression of personality on the mind “ Not one of them had compelling personal

n n n . ge ius , or marked tale t for the work in ha d ’ Masefield 5 m n Mr . John state e t is perhaps a necessary - i but corrective to excessive hero worsh p , so blunt an estimate is apt to be misleadi ng . The men who crossed the 1 620 m in Atlantic in , seeking a large easure of freedom i not and worsh p , were great in genius as poets artists are u and n but they were s rely great in character endura ce . n Moreover , they had the physical and me tal gifts which enabled them to become the founders of a new common wealth . m m n The Chronicles are so ewhat eagre . We k ow com par atively little of the tragedy and comedy of the early B ut n us settlement . what we do k ow forbids to think and that the Pilgrims were lacking in personality , that they were in temperament dull and dr ab as the hodden grey they wore . Captain Myles Standish stands somewhat apart from IS l the other Men of the Mayflower . But he usual y counted m Masefield n among the Pilgri s ; and if Mr . i cludes him u m n u on in the summary j dg e t j ust q oted , and c tends that the Captain Of Plymouth leaves upon us no impression of n o u f n personality , Lo gfellow and L well tho ght di fere tly . The romanticists delight in him tradition gathers round m E n hi . It is not so with a mere lay figure . ve if we take owe a and away all that we to the liter ry redactors , envisage MY LES STAND ISH . him in n m o on the co te p rary records ly , we have in Captain n n on Sta dish a disti ct and arresting pers ality . We have still the man of war among the advocates of D m n peace , with his a ascus sword i scribed in Arabic , ’ “ with his B arrifle s Artill ery Guide and the Com

mentari es Of Cmsar. in A soldier with pride his weapons , and n in n u and Of i terest the tech iq e history his art . ' W e m of m l , have still the co batant s a l stature but of

- 1 mm n too . con i ense stre gth , and big hearted He has a m and n bu 2 o t flash . tr lled te per to gue , his eyes The references to him in Bradford and M orton reveal n u and u n a man of sig al co rage resourcef l ess . His ex p eriences as a soldier in the Netherlands had fitted hi m n n n n for the work of colo isatio , for extemporisi g defe ces , i n and n n w n acquir ng la guages , egotiati g ith frie ds and foes . n n n n but The I dia s were brave , quick , and cu ni g , he was In o more than their match . the epis des that stand out in r n m of n the ch o icles , such as the enace the Narraga setts , Pecksuot and Of Of the fight with , the arrest Morton o n Merry M unt , he displayed tact , swift ess of thought , and 3 absolute fearlessness . We may prefer the peaceful methods of Penn in dealing w n n and m o ith the I dia s , sy pathise with the pr test of Pastor ’ Robinson when he heard of Standish s exploits at Wey 0 n ou mouth , how happy a thi g had it been that y had converted some before you killed any " But the Pilgrim Fathers havi ng elected to use force in n n can defe di g themselves , it scarcely be doubted that ’ Standish s skill and courage saved the colony from an m il ti n . o n nih a o When he to k such sharp actio at Wey outh , the terrible example of the Virginia massacre [was still] ” 4 in fresh remembrance . The gentler side of his nature was displayed when sickness broke out soon after the landing . One hundred

1 l ri m Fathers 26 2 . Pi g , 3 , 3 9 2 Ib. 2 . , 3 5 3 0 8 1 8 1 26 . 1b. 2 1 2 , 79, 3 , , , 3 , 93 4 Ib. 2 . , 3 7

MY LES STAND ISH .

n n and u of years he was assista t gover or , was treas rer the

- n 1 6 1 6 . colo y , 44 49 One other reference reveals him to have been a gallant English gentleman in his attitude to the native I ndian

m n . So n n n wo e the Captai retur ed to the pla tation , m n and u not where he released the wo e , wo ld take their om m uf ou beaver coats fr the , nor s fer the least disc rtesy m ” 1 to be offered the . nn n n of m We ca ot fairly say , the , that the Captai Ply outh n us no m on n leaves upo i pressi of perso ality . Casual n u ma Pecksuot him i q iry y lead us , like , to deem a little man ; but a careful reading of the chronicles will reveal

n and n n . ﬁnd him to us his stre gth ge tle ess We shall , to echo the words which Longfellow puts into the mouth of n n n no the frie dly I dia , Big e ugh to lay us speechless im 2 before h . m n n n The state e ts made by Natha iel Morto , to the S n in n n to effect that ta dish was born La cashire , we t the n n Netherla ds , was a soldier there , and became acquai ted with the church at Leyden , embrace all that is deﬁnitely known about him before 1 620. His descendants about two centuri es after his death claimed that they had seen a commission appointing him ’ i n n on on n n to a l eute a cy in Her Maj esty s forces the C ti e t , which gave the date of his birth as 1 584 . If this commission n u u n m but is exta t , it sho ld yield other usef l i for ation , its n whereabouts cannot be ascertai ed . Myles would be about 1 9 years old when "ueen Elizabeth 2 1 602- died , March 4, 3 so that he was a very youthful officer . Markham in his account of The Fighting Veres on am n o but menti s Myles o g their s ldiers , probably on the ’ of n m for no evidence Lo gfellow s poe , he gives reference m m m n o to Myles fro ilitary docu e ts of that peri d .

1 P s 2 c H enr . at H arﬂeur Ge t H n m Father . s a e r i l ri i ci V. g , 3 9 ; f y V ,

Hi st. Soc . 2 1 . Eng . , 7 ” P l rim Fathers 2 . C . i f g , 3 7 T AND E E H IS CHARAC ER CAR R . 5

The present writer has vainly searched several volumes S n in of the tate Papers , Holla d , the Public Record Ofﬁce , n 60 i an n for any mentio of him . Vol . g ves accou t of the Sir n nu 22 1 600- 1 Battle of Newport by Fra cis Vere , Ja ary , , f u n m on and there are also lists of o ﬁcers ret rni g ho e leave , 1 602 etc . In the volume of loose papers dated about , paper number 225 gives names of all the captains in the Low

u S n not n . Co nties , but Myles ta dish is i cluded S di n According to Professor Usher , tan sh was se t by the n n i m in Mercha t Adve turers with the P lgri s the Mayflower , n as their salaried servant . No doubt the Mercha ts re garded hi m as a sort of insurance policy ; they paid hi s stipend in order that he might defend the emigrants and teach them to defend themselves . Being deflected from their intended destination (the lands of the Virginian Company) the Pilgrims cast anchor di on m 1 1 1 620 in . S n Nove ber , , the bay of Cape Cod ta sh acted as commander of the exploring parties . It is stated that he was the only one of the colonists who had ever n bu hi s fished or fired a gun . It is pretty certai that t for foresight the explorers would have been exterminated on i En n D 8 1 620 the field of the F rst cou ter , ecember , , when 1 a surprise attack was made upon them by the I ndians . D m 1 On ece ber 9, the settlers selected a site for their o m u c lony to which they gave the name New Ply o th . Here it was that Myles Standi sh endeared himself to the sick by his skill and care in the terrible sufferings of the n first wi ter . 1 1 620- 1 S n n c on On February 7 , , ta dish was chose , or n n mm firmed , in the office of captai , and give co and in 2 military matters . ’ o o n Of all his exploits , the rescue of West n s c lo y at

- 1 622 m . Weymouth in March, 3 , is perhaps the ost notable A great plot had been arranged by the I ndians to kill on and m n and n West his co panio s , the assail the white m S n ff u people at Ply outh . ta dish set o for Weymo th

1 ' r Pil m U s e s ri s . h g , 75 , 79 2 I 8 0 b. 1 . , 6 MY LES STAND ISH

l with on y eight men , and on his arrival was mocked by ndl hi Pe k it w ma i c suot W u a t. D s the unfrie y c efs , and i n m and hi s play g marvellous cal ness courage , he bided n om time , enticed the ri gleaders away fr the others and m s . lew them The co bat took place in a lodge , not out ’ - n n e oi doors as Lo gfellow depicts it . Wi slow s R la ti on 1 gives the incident with much detail . A visit to England was paid by Captain Standish in the n n n summer of 1 625 . He we t to Lo do to seek the help of the Council of New England in settling differences between and n the colonists the Merchant Adve turers of London . n of u He accomplished very little on accou t the plag e , m u n 1 626 u . and ret r ed in April , , to N ew Ply o th Later in the same year many of the London Adventurers were n bought out. Myles Sta dish and seven other leading n u n on n n pla ters , with fo r Lo d frie ds, u dertook to raise part m n n n for m n o of the o ey eeded , in retur a o opoly of the f reign trade . In 1 628 n u and , trouble arose betwee the Plymo th settlers ’

m n n n n o on. Tho as Morto s colo y at Merry Mou t , ear B st Captain Standish went to arrest Morton who had sold n guns to the I ndians . Morto and his friends threatened ut u un a desperate resistance , and he p p his g to shoot

S n . ta dish But the latter stepping forward , pushed away the

un and n . n g took him priso er Like the hostile India s , un S n m u l n Morton ta ted ta dish with his s all stat re , cal i g him Captain Shrimp ; but once again the cool daring of n m n was En the Captai triu phed , and Morto sent to gland 2 for trial . Among other adversaries of the colonists were some n in 1 6 on Fre ch traders , who 35 seized a fort the Penobscot , n m n S n belongi g to the Ply outh settlers . Captai ta dish

n m not u . was se t to dispossess the , but was successf l He was foiled by the navigating captain of the ship in and men which he sailed by the , who ﬁred off all the n shot at lo g range . l P i l ri m Fathers 26 . g , 7 “ Ib. s er 1 0 . , 93 ; U h , 4 A EE H IS CHARACTER ND CAR R . 7

n m s Believi g that Ply outh was not the best site , Myle Standi sh and some others removed in 1 632 to a new settle n on u and me t the north side of Plymo th Bay , to this the n name Duxbury was give . 1 6 n D In 53 , whe war with the utch appeared likely , 60 n and n S men of the colo y were impressed , Captai tandish ,

al m . though in his 7oth year , was c led to com and them

This was within three years of hi s death . Happily the m o disputants did not co e to bl ws . The ofﬁces in the colony held by Captain Standish have m n n D on al ready been e tio ed . He died at uxbury October N athaniel Morton says in connection with the ’ n Captain s death , He growi g ancient , became sick of the n n n m sto e , or stra gury , whereof , after his sufferi g of uch in u dolorous pain , he fell asleep the Lord and was hono rably buried at Duxbury . A Copy of his will with the inventory attached is among 1 l s P . the court record at lymouth This wil , dated March 1 6 -6 n s ar 7, 55 , mentio s his econd wife B bara , his sons n and u Alexa der , Myles , Josias , Charles , his deceased da ghter C u n r Lora . The la se relating to his lands in La cashi e wi ll be discussed later . n S di n 1 0 Captai tan sh left buildings and la d worth £ 4 ,

8 5 . in n . and £35 7 perso alty He had ﬁve horses and colts , 1 0 and 1 1 and 1 four oxen , cows calves , sheep 4 swine . m n His arms and armour co prised a fowli g piece , three m l u muskets , four carbines , two s al g ns , a sword a cutlass n n n i a d three belts . Among the remai i g art cles were u u - and such l x ries as feather beds and scent bottles , such i n n n and l practical th gs as spin i g wheels , beer casks a ma t — on 8 . mill . His books are discussed pages 5 97

His second wife , Barbara, came out to the colony on the She nn 1 2 . S ship A e in the year 6 3 was called Mrs . tandish In 1 in the grant of lands in that same year . 627 they had

d n . three chil re , Charles , Alexander and John There is R a tradition that ose, the ﬁrst wife, was related to B arbara, on the sec d some say she was a sister , others say a cousin .

1 M a we D e an 1 - 1 o r scend t . . yﬂ , III , 5 3 55 LE 8 MY S STAND ISH .

There is also a difference of opinion as to whether the n m and S n maide surna e of Rose Barbara was ta dish , or m n 1 some other na e now unk own . The descendants of Captain Standish are numerous in

n Dr. o n America . Accordi g to Belknap , Wheel ck , a preside t

D Dr . n n of artmouth College , and Kirkla d , a preside t of m m to . Harvard , are be nu bered a ong them o S n The alleged p rtrait of Myles ta dish at Pilgrim Hall , Ply

o not . o t m uth , is proved to be authentic It purp rts to rep e n him in 1 62 and in 8th f n se t 5 , his 3 year , thus implying a di fere t n 1 8 u 2 date for his birth tha 5 4, the year us ally accepted . A monument to his memory consisting of a granite 1 1 0 u m un n u shaft feet high , s r o ted by a bro ze ﬁg re of the

n n D in m . Captai , has bee erected at uxbury , A erica The n in 1 corner sto e was laid 872 . Somethi ng has already been said about his character

m n . and . i porta ce He was , as Mr Goodwin has expressed ” u n in in an eloq e t estimate The Pilgrim Republic , n m m m the ma of en who the Pilgrims ost needed . c an no ou There be d bt , says Professor Usher , that o in C f S ndi if Bradf rd was the great ﬁgure ivil a fairs , ta sh m n n n u n in n n was the do i a t i ﬂ e ce deali g with the I dians . n to u u but S Wi slow be s re did m ch , tandish obtained a n of in n better k owledge the Indian dialects , and was additio m n a much more active and resourceful man . The ro a ticists an d hi m m un n poets have dealt hardly with , al ost to the doi g i m w of his place n history . He was ad irably ell o in and m one u placed h wever the colony , the ore st dies nn Pilgrim a als the larger he bulks , the greater his ability

m and o m o n hi s . see s , the m re i p rta t services His high on u u n pers al co rage , his reso rceful ess , his great physical n n m m him e dura ce , his ﬁery te per , all ade the leader needed to complement the more peaceful and contemplative 3 Bradford .

1 m B . 1 0 M orton 1 8 26 ed . 26 2 . B el na A . i o . k p , g , II , 3 ; , , 2 l n h H t. c . 2 . B o to P r ra i ts t e M a ss . i s S o . . K . o t o , XV , 3 4 C , f

F und s B oston 1 1 ol . ii . o er , , 9 9 , v 3 P l m 1 6 The i ri s 2 . g , CHAPTER II .

The M of M n ystery yles Sta dish . LTHOUGH Captain Standish played such a leadi ng in n u part the settleme t of New Plymo th , there has always been a certain obscurity as to his n on l prese ce am g the Pi grims , and also in regard to his r m birth and English connections . A th eefold ystery is i hi s . attached to name There is the problem of his rel gion , the di and m problem of his pe gree , the proble of his lost es tates . to i m n First as his rel gious beliefs , he see s ever to have 1 in joined the church of the Pilgrims . Their comrade adventure was not in entire sympathy with their separatist n P tenets . Why then did he accompa y them If Professor ’ n u n Usher s stateme t can be s bsta tiated , that Myles was in the service of the Merchant Adventurers who financed n u m n the undertaki g , this s pplies a otive for his goi g in the w ma n u Mayflo er . There y have bee s bsidiary motives as - f well . His fellow colonists speak o him as a religious hi ma n man . T s y be deduced also from the umber of i u o in and n rel gio s bo ks his library , also from the to e of his l ffi h n wil . He asks his supervisors to do the o ce of C ristia love to hi s wi fe and children and be helpful to them by not Christian counsel . Though they may be able to D w l repay it I oe not Doubt but the Lord i l . The fact that Myles Standish never belonged to the ’ m Dr n ilmar Pilgri s Church has been elaborated by . Joh G y 2 ut an n Shea to prove that he was a Romanist . B ho est Roman Catholic could not have taken the oath required of soldiers serving in the English forces in the Netherlands .

° “

on n w n A. B . The oath c tai ed the follo i g clauses I , , do 1 D B H ar 6 . i e N t. i o . u t. a bb d , 3 g 2 m H M a . o A er. i st 0 . g f , 39 E 1 0 MYL S STAND ISH . swear e and promise to do all true loyal and fruitful service ’ d u n u en En n &c . an u to the "e s Maj esty of gla d , , f rther will defend and maintaine the reformed Christian religion o and n so farre as bec meth a true loyall captai , ofﬁcer or d ece n n &c . n and W u t souldier , , abjuri g itho t p de yi g the pope with all hi s hereticall doctrines and n o n w was Agai , the records of the C lo y sho that he present u n in n n n o no at the P rita services atte da ce o the g ver r . Would a devout Roman Catholic have been able to do and o m ut in f this , w uld the Pilgri s have p him o fice if he had not been a Protestant On the whole we incline to o n on n S nor m n the pi i that he was either eparatist Ro a ist , but ma orit - n , like the great i y of his fellow cou trypeople , an English Churchman content with the compromise re 2 presented by the reformed Church . ’ n m n n Passi g to the proble of the Captai s desce t , there is general concurrence with the statement of Morton that was n in B ut n Myles bor Lancashire . to which bra ch of the Standish family did he belong " The claim that he made in his will suggests a connection with the parent n l n u n m stock at Sta dish Ha l . After maki g all sio to so e lands of which he had been defrauded (a matter which will be discussed in detail a little later) , he says that his great grandfather was a second or younger brother from the f n n us o S S n . On ho e ta dish of ta dish the other hand , whe Captain Standish removed from Plymouth to a new settle

n n s m n D u . me t , he or his frie d called this settle e t uxb ry This appears to connect Myles with another branch of the S n s Du u in n ta di h family , seated at xb ry Park La cashire , and quite distinct from Standish of Standish The n discrepa cy is not easy to overcome . It is true that the Duxbury Park family was derived from the Standish B u n n o Hall stock . t the two bra ches were disti ct fr m the n n n n n ope i g of the fourtee th ce tury , lo g before Myles ’ S n - n o n ta dish s great gra dfather was b r .

1 State Pa ers H ollan un l e wit out ate a out p , d, b d h d b 1 602 loose a er 8 , p p 9 . 3 See also . 2 8 . pp 4 , 9

ES S 1 2 MYL TAND ISH .

9 I giv e unto my son b eire apa rent All exand er Standis h all my la nds as h eire apparent by lawfull D ecent i n Ormistick B orsc onge Wri ghtington Mau dsl ey N ewburrow Craws ton a nd the Il e of man a nd gi v en to mee as right h eire by la wfull D ec ent but Surrup tuously d D etained from mee my great G (ran) dfather b eing a 2C°n or y ounger brother from th e house of Standish of Sta ndi shJ » These lost lands are apparently referred to again in the n S nd last will of his eldest son , Alexa der ta ish , dated

- F 2 1 1 01 2 and u 1 0 1 02 . ebruary , 7 proved Aug st , 7 The will suggests that he was taking steps towards the En hi recovery of the glish estate w ch his father claimed , for it says : Also my will is That whats oever Estate Either in N ew England o r i n old which I hav e Committed into y e ha nds of R ob ert orchard to R ec ov er in E ngla nd by letters of Attorney from under my ha nd and S eal And J ohn R ogers of B oston i n N ew England by a letter of Attorney from u nder my hand seal B e R ecovered a fter my dec ease my will is that my wife have h er thi rd part y e R emai nder to be divi ded Equally betweene Th omas Sta ndish I chab od Stan dish 2 desi re Sta n dish . n The efforts at recovery were evide tly unsuccessful . NO record has yet been found of the steps taken ; and f r nothing more is heard of the matter o about a century . ’ But Captain Standish s statements were referred to by i n s r . n everal early w ters Natha iel Morto , in his N ew En n Memori all n in 1 66 gla ds , pri ted 9, about thirteen ’ n years after the Captai s death , repeated more brieﬂy the in w l 3 l m u claims made the il ; and the Rev . Wi lia H bbard , n n who also wrote before the close of the seve tee th century , says that Captain Standish was allied to the noble house S n in n n n o i of ta dish La cashire , i heriti g s me of the v rtues m n m “ n u . of that ho o rable fa ily , as well as the a e Morton m o u of n and e phasises the s cial stat s the Captai , also the m n i n . n o n n exte t of his lost property He was a Ge tle a , b r La nca shire and - n n E of , was Heir Appare t u to a great state n and u n m him La ds Livings , s rreptitiously detai ed fro , his

1 - M a lower D escend ant . 1 1 . S elt as in the ourt R ecor s . yf , III , 5 3 5 5 p C d

2 - Ib. . 1 0 1 1 02 . As in th e ourt R ecor s . , XII , C d ’ 3 m r 1 l rz Fathe s 1 . g , 7 4 H i n n 8 8 . Gen s t N ew E 2 d ed . 1 . 6 . . g , , 4 , p 55 ES S 1 TH E MY STERY OF MYL TAND I SH . 3 great Grandfather being a Second or Younger Brother ” 1 S n ish from the House of ta d . Remarkably little attention has been paid to the locality n n in wi hi or lie of the lands me tio ed the ll . W le the statement as to lineage would seem to connect Myles with S i l m and m n Du the tand sh Hal fa ily , the A erica xbury suggests some undiscovered link between him and the D S n n not uxbury ta dishes , i vestigators have appreciated the fact that the estate which Myles claimed lay somewhat S and Du distant both from tandish from xbury . Some have arrived at the unjustiﬁable conclusion that the lands n m of D S ndi mentio ed for ed the estate the uxbury ta shes . The result of ignoring the locality of the lands has been ’ rashly to connect Myles Standi sh s statement that he was disinherited with the naming of his settlement in the u m n n Colony . Th s the istake idea has arise that he was i D right he r to the uxbury estates , but lost them through no m the fraud of others . Myles did t ake such a claim in his will ; but he made other statements really inc on i D sistent with this view . Th s claim to the uxbury estates appears to have been ﬁrst set up by an Association of the ’ n n u 1 8 Captai s descenda ts in America abo t the year 46 . ’ It was given publicity in Winsor s History of Duxbury “ and unfortunately adopted by Longfellow in The ” u Courtship of Miles Standish . The pop larity of his poem n gave the story a wide circulatio . n D m n Leavi g the uxbury yth for later discussio , let us ask whose the lands mentioned by the Captain really w n a w i . e. n " ere , , to hat bra ch of the f mily did they belo g So far only two Standish households i n Lancashire have n m n n but no " In bee e tio ed, were there others addition two S n w oun in to the chief families , ta dishes ere f d all parts of the county in the time of Myles . And some of these m no n un m o n other ho esteads were by mea s i p rta t . The heads of these scattered Standish famili es were in some m n n n . n n cases ge tle e or eve esquires For i sta ce , the

1 mil e edi ti on . N ew En . M am acsi g , f 1 4 MYLES STAND ISH .

n D Sta dishes of Burgh Hall (in Chorley and uxbury) , and D those of West erby were entitled to use heraldic arms . In n S n deali g with the lost lands of Captain ta dish , three n m and n stateme ts will be ade , if possible, substa tiated . not an n First , he did claim y part of the estate belo ging

S l . S n n the family at tandish Hal eco dly , the lost la ds had m D u n no connection with the fa ily at uxb ry Ma or House . m S n m Thirdly , they for ed the estate of the ta dish fa ily of Ormskirk . S ndi S n n The family of ta sh of ta dish (the pare t stock) , n n n i as the ame de otes , had their chief estate in the tow sh p

n of S . S i or tow ships tandish with Langtree Ralph tand sh , 1 8 S n and 22 who died in 53 , held the manor of ta dish houses and 200 1 00 there , also three mills , acres of arable land , 200 u 1 00 acres of meadow , acres of past re , acres of wood , 1 and 200 acres of heath and moor . E S d 1 61 0 By the time of dward tan ish , who died in , the estate was somewhat reduced ; but his inquisition in 2 post mortem mentions some 330 acres Standish . Now m l Capt . Myles did not clai a single acre in this vil , which u S n l was the very headq arters of the ta dish Ha l stock . S m in S in n o i ilarly , they held very extensively hev gto , fr m early times claiming a fourth part of the manor ; the u n n n Edward j st me tio ed had seven houses and la d there . o n u Very early also they btai ed a ho se and land in Wigan . The aforesaid Ralph acquired extensive property in u n Duxbury and Copp ll . No e of these estates are referred ’ i n . a to in the Captai s will Ag n , lands in other parts of n hi Glod wick La cas re , such as Chadderton , , and Rochdale , were from time to time added by marriage to the Standish possessions ; but not an inch of these dowry lands was mentioned by Capt . Myles . This indicates that he made no claim to the chief part of the estate held by the manorial lords of Standish . ’ There are , however , two places named in the Captain s in n l will which the pare t stock had a sma l estate, viz . , 1 L anes . In uis . P M . Vol . 8 N o. 2 1 . q . , , i I Vol . 20 N O . . b., , 7 1 TH E MYSTERY OF MYLES STAND ISH . 5

' and ri n Ormskirk W ghtingto , and others where they had a temporary interest . The family of Standish of Standish had only one tenement in k i n the parish of Orms irk , and the history of th s te ement Kuerd en le seems fairly clear . records that Henry Waleys gave William de Standi sh my burgage in Orms ” 1 S di kirk bounded . Henry was rector both of tan sh and one n n r i and (at time) of Aughto ear O msk rk , the grant n m in n n must have bee ade early the fourtee th ce tury . Burgage was a tenure in ancient towns at a ﬁxed yearly

n o . Orrnskirk re t , a s rt of town socage The burgage at is mentioned among the Standish possessions from time S of hi s to time . Alexander de tandish held it at the time in S n m death in 1 445 . It is referred to a ta di sh settle ent 2 S n i who i in 1 . 8 about ﬁve years later Ralph ta d sh , d ed 53 , n held a cottage , etc . , in Ormskirk of the Ki g in burgage , nu al 1 d and the clear an al v ue was estimated at 2 . In the n inquisition after the death of Ralph , who died u der age 1 6 n in i in 54 , the holdi g is described as a cottage Ormsk rk u 1 d of n in r of the val e of 2 . ,held the Ki g free bu gage as of the late monastery of B urscough . The Standishes of Standi sh are mentioned as tenants in the various rentals E of Burscough Priory . dward , who succeeded the Ralph

n n to o . last me tio ed , appears have sold this pr perty For in two and three Philip and Mary [ 1 555- 1 556] Edward Standish of Standish granted Peter Stanl ey a tenement 3 n in Commonﬁeld in Ormskir k . The i quisition after the death of Edward (1 61 0) does not mention any possessions in Ormskirk . S n S The ta dishes of tandish , then , had formerly a cottage in i u m n Ormsk rk , but that m st not islead us into co cluding n that Myles was claimi g any part of their estates . B rscou h m n n n in u g is e tio ed o ce their deeds . There is a settlement of lands in Burscough and Lathom by R Catherine , widow of Richard de Burscough on ichard

1 K u erd en Fol . MS . . 1 0 N o . . , p , 44 2 Ib. . 1 N o , p 3 , . 5 3 . 3 K uerd en MS . . 1 b. , II , 37 1 6 MYLES STAND ISH .

son i m n to u her w th re ai der Alice , da ghter of Gilbert de i 1 - n 2 . n Standish . This was 4 3 4 If the la ds in reversion had ever come to the Standishes they would have been n 1 mentioned in the i quisitions . i in ton In n S n W r ght g . this tow ship the ta dish family m — u n and of ur had a s all estate fo r acres of la d , two past e in 1 546 . for Croston a nd M a wd esle un n As y , several yo ger bra ches S n n had land there . The ta dish Hall stock had some i terest in n and as the ma ors of Croston Mawdesley , perhaps for m n m in of trustees the Fle i g fa ily , the early part the n Es S . n n u . ﬁftee th ce t ry Ralph ta dish , q , remitted his to Sir m n in n in 1 0 rights Thomas Fle i g Agai , 5 7 , R S ndi S u alph ta sh of tandish was g ardian of Thomas Ashton , heir of the moiety of the two manors mentioned (Raines

MSS . 2 . u oun n 5 , p No do bt this acc ts for the me tion ’ of Ralph Standish s tenants in Croston and Mawdesley in B ut this interest of the Standish Hall family in Croston and Mawdesley was fugitive it ceased about in n 1 1 8 and o not . S n 5 , d es appear the i quisitions The ta dish no of Hall family had estate in the Isle Man . m E S n n By the ti e of the dward ta dish , mentio ed in 1 61 0 S n S n above , who died , the ta dishes of ta dish had an interest in only one of the places mentioned in Captain ’ ri n ma S n n . ta dish s will, viz W ghti gto We y therefore conclude that Myles was not laying claim to any part of their estate . The holdings of the Standishes of Duxbury may now be n examined . It is with this bra ch that Captain Myles has n m u bee commonly but , as it see s to the author , erroneo sly identiﬁed by the maj ority of writers . They acquired the o of Du u m n m man r xb ry from the fa ily of that a e , early in ou n n the f rtee th ce tury , in a romantic way . Henry de

1 Earwaker Stand i sh D eed s . , , CXVII

2 8 1 Townele MS . DD . 1 2 EB . y , , 74 , 77 ; , 94 3 Duc Lanc . D e ositions V ol . 8 K . 2 P . R .O . hy p , , , T E S D 1 H E MYSTERY OF MYL S TAN I SH . 7

Duxbury 1 had taken part in the rebellion of Adam B anastre m ri on but uf and was i p s ed at Lancaster , was s fered to go n n m hi s about the town . He gra ted a re t fro lands to 2 S n to in Hugh de tandish , who u dertook aid his delivery . n n n This co cessio paved the way for further surre ders . The connection of Hugh wi th the parent stock at Standi sh but n is not quite clear , there is evidence that his grandpare ts

S n . were members of the ta dish family His father , whose m m m u was surna e he so eti es sed , Robert de Haydock , 3 rector of Standish . The chief estate of the Standishes Du m m Du of xbury fro very early ti es was in xbury , Heapey , i and Bradley ( n Standish with Langtree) . They also in n and . n held Heath Char ock , Crosby , elsewhere Alexa der S n i Du who di in 1 622 u 2 ta d sh of xbury , ed , had abo t 43 n D and 2 acres of various la ds in uxbury , about 33 acres n in Heath Char ock . He held extensively in Heapey and ’ l z rk 4 n n m in Ang e a . These places are ot a ed the Captain s wi m ll . In the places that are na ed in the will the Standishes D not o an n of uxbury appear t have had y te ements . This

n u . agai wo ld seem to prove that , of whatever estates Capt was S n i Myles defrauded , they were not the property of ta d sh Du and o m not of xbury , theref re , presu ably , he was ’ on his father s side a member of this particular branch of S ndi the ta shes .

HE T CLAIM 1 0 DU"B U RY . The present writer has ventured to describe as a myth the claim made by some that Myles was right heir to the D u uxb ry estates . In doing so he does not reﬂect upon the character of those who formulated thi s extraordi nary story . N o doubt they were sincere ; but they were

1 a tai n Duxber or Duxboroh e ou t in th e L ow ountries A C p y f gh C , and ell at th e B attle of N ew ort in 1 60 1 State a ers H ollan f p P p , d ,

Vol 0 1 . Th e am D i . 6 surn e u ur i s st ll e tant . , 99 xb y x 2 z ll m . C 1 8 ssi e R o 2 l o V . O. Lan V ol a s H . cs . ; A 4 5 , f, . II , p 9 3 K u erd en S . . M 1 b. II , 45 4 L anc In i M V . u s P . l H s . . o . 2 N o . 6 . La ne . a nd hes . i t q . , 4 , 5 C V S oc . ol . 1 , 7, p . 397 . 1 8 ES S D S MYL TAN I H .

and m n u on . hasty , ca e to rash co cl si s Let us glance at m - and m the alleged yth when full grown all its glory . ’ On u 1 1 8 1 i of o n n A gust 7 , 7 , a p ece gr u d o Captain s Hill l n the N ew England Duxbury was consecrated as the future site of the i mposing monument to Standish which

on n . en o now rises high that headla d G . H race Binney S n o of and u arge t was the rator the day , in the co rse of his tribute to the famous Pilgrim captain he declared : To

n n in En n n - defeat the title of his li e to la ds gla d , the re t roll ’ w m on nn n u of hich is half a illi per a um , the ha d of fra d is supposed to have defaced the page that contained the ” 1 parish record of his birth . We will now go back and trace the myth to its humble n beginni gs . The following is an account of an attempt on the part of the descendants of Captain Myles Standish to investigate n n his claim to estates in E gla d . This attempt was the outcome of several similar endeavours about twenty years o : before . Mr . Wins r says In th e a ll of 1 8 6 an associati on was orme amon th e d f 4 , f d g e scend a nts of a t . Sta n is for th e ur ose of ma i n in esti ati ons C p d h p p k g v g , e r s and u war s of w re u ni e to t eir a ent . W . R . p d f h d h g , I

B roml e Es . wh o starte on his mi ssion i n N o em er of t at ear y , q , d v b h y , a nd returne i n cto er of the ollowi n ear wit out owe er d O b f g y , h h v i e accompli sh ng th e obj ect of his s arch . I hav e b e en fav ore d with th e p eru sa l of some of his c orresp ondenc e with th e Corresp ondi ng Secretar of th e ssociation a nd some ri e minutes w i c a e y A , b f h h I h v

leane rom t em ma not be uninteresti n . The ro ert to g d f h y g p p y , h i n i whi c it was his o ect to ro e t e r t of a t . Sta s c om h bj p v gh C p d h , ri ses lar e tracts of ric armi n lan s i nclu in se eral alua le p g h f g d , d g v v b l 1 c oal mi nes and ro uc es a ea r inc ome of 00 000 or more . , p d y y £ , From a c ommi ssion w i c was oun a ointi n Stan is to a , h h f d , pp g d h ’ li eutena nc in H er M a est s orces on th e c ontinent th e ate of y j y f , d his irt wa s oun as also rom i nci ents of his li e i n N ew E n lan b h f d , f d f g d , w ic a e now ec ome a ortion of h er istor and rom ot er h h h v b p h y , f h ata i n th e ossession of hi s escen a nts whi c all l ed to th e con d p d d , h el u sion t at th e ea r 1 68 si c 1 8 mus t a e een h y 4 [ , 5 4] h v b Th mil ea ts a re situate near th e ill a e of orle birth . e fa y s d v g Ch y i n Lanca shi re a nd th e recor s of t is aris were t orou l , d h p h h gh y And ere i n c onn tio inv esti ga te d from the y ear 1 549 to 1 65 2 . h ec n

1 M les S tand is h wit account of ons ec rati on of Monument y , h C

Groun B oston 1 8 1 . 2 . d, , 7 , p 4

ES ST D S 1 THE MYSTERY OF MYL AN I H . 9

omes an inci ent i n th e researc es of Mr . B roml e whi c es er es c d h y , h d v articul ar attention a nd causes th e air conclusion t at Sta n is p , f , h d h was th e tru e a nd ri tful eir to th e estates and t at t e were gh h , h h y ‘ ’ trul surre titiousl etai ne r om hi m and are now en o e y p y d d f , j y d

t os e to w om t e d o not ustl el on . Th e rec or s were all by h , h h y j y b g d rea il eci ere wit the e c e tion of th e ea rs 1 8 and 1 8 d y d ph d , h x p y 5 4 5 5 , th e er ates a out w ic time Stan i s i s su ose to a e een v y d , b h h d h pp d h v b b orn ; and the parchment lea f whi ch c ontaine d the regi sters of the irt s of t ese ea rs was w oll ill e i le a nd t ei r a ea ra nce b h h y h y g b , h pp was suc t a t th e conclusion was at once es ta li s e t a t it ha d h, h b h d , h een one ur osel wi t umice stone or ot erwise to es tr o b d p p y h p h , d y the l e al e i enc e of the arenta e of Stan i s an d hi s c onse uent g v d p g d h , q Th e u l ion f title to th e estates thereab out . m ti at o these p a ges is su ose to a e een acc om lis e w en about twent ears pp d h v b p h d , h y y

e ore simil ar i n uiri es were ma e b th e amil i n merica . Th e b f , q d y f y A rec tor of the ari s w en a terwar s re u este b th e i n esti ator p h , h f d q d y v g to c erti t at th e a es were one at once s us ec te hi s esi n of fy h p g g , p d d g i sc o erin th e titl e to th e ro ert and ta i n a a nta e of the d v g p p y , k g dv g rigor of th e law ( as h e ha d entere d as a n antiquaria n research er merel com ell e him to a the sum of a out 1 or suffer y ) , p d p y b £ 5 , And t us it will be seen t impri so nment . h hat on acc ou nt of the es tructi on of all le al roo the ro ert must r emain ore er d g p f , p p y f v l 1 h op elessly irrec ov erab e . ’ ofD u i n Winsor s History uxb ry , from which th s accou t n in 1 8 is take , was published 49, very soon after Mr . Brom ’ ’ n u n En In ley s u successf l i vestigations in gland . Goodwi n s “ m u l n 1 888 . 2 o The Pilgri Rep b ic , Bosto , , p 45 , the st ry appears in part as follows It was found that the

1 8 - - leaf for 5 4 5 , in the Chorley parish register , had been to no r n pumiced so carefully as leave trace of the w iti g , though the record is otherwise complete from 1 549 to n 1 652 . This defaced page is not eve now Open to inspection him hi n f the rector , ﬁnding (Bromley) searc g or ’ S n him un o n i n and ta dish s birth , arrested der s me a c e t law , on ﬁne w n enforced him a of about £75 , ith the alter ative of imprisonment and he even refused to certify that the i register is llegible at that point . The incumbent of Chorley seems to act as watch - dog for a patron who doubts the soundness of his titles . The defect in the Register is a fact but the suggestion ul of fraud ent erasure is remarkable . Why delete the

1 ’ i ns r u - W o s Duxb r B oston 1 8 . 6 . y , , 49, pp 9 97 0 ES ST 2 MYL AND I SH . record of several months to blot out one entry The

o n . no o method would be far fr m eco omical Besides , pers n has ever testiﬁed to having seen the baptismal entry in the Chorley register before the alleged defacement there is no proof that it ever was there . The state of the Chorley not u in parish register is acc rately described these reports . n and The top of page 39 has bee torn off , in other parts of the same page the writing cannot be deciphered ; n nl n 1 8 but page 39 contai s a portion o y of the e tries for 5 4 , ’ n the alleged date of Captai Myles s birth . The two pages immediately preceding contain baptismal entries for n to and n n the early part of the year , dow i cludi g May

8 and . o , these are quite readable Nor is the t rn page In n n un wholly illegible . the e tries thereo for May , J e n a In and July no names of perso s c n be read . July and u m n can om S A gust frag e ts be deciphered , while fr eptember

23 to the end of the year almost all is distinguishable . Although all of the record for 1 585 (pages 39 and 40) is n u c an no not legible , e o gh be deciphered to show that baptism of a boy named Myles Standish is entered under n u n that year . It is i acc rate to say , as Goodwi does , that

the record is otherwise complete from 1 549 to 1 652 . n in ri n There are ma y gaps the register , the most se ous bei g the lack of any entries for the years 1 553 - 1 556 inclusive

- and 1 599 1 61 1 inclusive . al out As to the leged erasure , it is fair to point that the appearance of the page makes various impressions on

Dr. S n different observers . Myles ta dish of Boston states that in 1 91 2 it was plain to him that the defect in the

d ue an u . On register was to eras re the other hand , Alder man who u Fletcher Moss , visited Chorley abo t six years u u n earlier , says The ch rch registers I caref lly exami ed for any record of the baptism of Myles (about but

u ﬁnd n . u co ld not his ame The old books are m ch faded , n w m and mu - u n but not stai ed ith da p ch th mbi g , are ” 1 wilq y mutilated .

1 ’ ' m 111 8 P zl rz a es to Old H omes . . . g g , p 7 S 2 1 THE MYSTERY OF MYLES TAND ISH .

In 1 91 0 the Register was transcribed and printed by the

S . n Lancashire Parish Register ociety The tra scribers , an who are careful to note y tampering with the text , make d o on . no mention of erasure page 39 They , however , off n not say , Top of this page torn , and handwriti g d ecipherable in other parts . In the preface is the sta te ment Some portions of the Register have also suffered from mice and damp at a remote period and many pages ” have presented great difﬁculties to the transcribers . The old Register has now been cleverly restored (the n m n torn pages havi g been mended with new parch e t) , and splendidl y bound ; but many other pages present the a h same appe rance as page 39, a state of affairs w ich may d ue to n d be the book bei g used while in a damp con ition , rather than to the hand of fraud .

u n n . . S . In the acc satio s agai st the Rev J Master , we see

n . r n the myth growing u der our eyes D . Myles Sta dish m n n m testifies that Bro ley , the age t of the Associatio , erely i threa en cla med that he was t ed by the rector with a fine . B ut n in un Wi sor , the acco t just quoted , says that Bromley was compelled to pay the sum of about £1 5 or n suffer imprisonment . Goodwin improves o this by stating that the Rector actually arrested Bromley under n and n on him fine some ancie t law, e forced a of about f m m o n . £75 , with the alternative i prison e t o n Mr . G odwin does not discrimi ate between dollars and

nl n - fiv sovereigns . Not o y do seve ty e dollars become seventy- fiv e pounds in the light of his imagination ; he ’ n m suggests a sce e in a agistrate s court . Arrested enforced a fine— altern ative of imprisonment " What no m hi n i i really happened , doubt , was so et g l ke th s An m n n American gentle a calls upo the rector of Chorley . an n and The visitor poses as antiquaria , the clergyman , n nd not honoured with ma y visitors from la s so far away , is pleased to humour him . He is taken to the church , e i Sir S di insp cts the sa ntly relics given by Roland tan sh ,

ni S di - scruti ses the tan sh pew, and the time worn Register . s m Might he be allowed to make a few note fro the old book , 22 MYLES STAND ISH .

ou — n i " such a curiosity , y know nothi g like th s in America

n n . Much ﬂattered , the i cumbe t agrees n The visitor is left alo e for a time . The rector paces u n n u p and dow , i side , o tside, converses with a friend or

u n . n two , ret r s to the vestry There sits the stra ger , n absorbed , e grossed ; his few notes have become many n i n n pages of lurid and i d gnant descriptio . A d why " m i n The fatal page (so he i ag es) has been pumiced . He is in u no longer the mood for pla sible pleasantries . Nor is and un n the rector , whose feet are cold whose l cheo is m a an waiting . The irate Bro ley dem nds explanation of n and in n u hi s the u readable page , so doi g div lges real u o u errand . The eq ally irate rector exp st lates against the deception practised upon him . We fancy that we can him n n hear telli g Bromley that he, Bromley , is either an m n nd n nor n . A antiquaria a ge tle a do you know , sir , that an incumbent is entitled to a customary fee of one shilling and u u n for the ﬁrst year , sixpence for each s bseq e t year that a register is searched " And as you say y ou have 1 1 6 2 as examined it from 549 to 5 , and baptisms, marriages n and burials count separately , the amou t due , sir , will be ” about £7 i 5s . This imaginary account probably differs very little from n o what actirally took place . The lack of ca d ur on ’ Bromley s part would explain the change in the incum ’ ’ bent s demeanour when he discovered the visitor s real And no n n errand . he was tyra t in aski g for the customary w fees . Most clergymen ill gladly show their old Register n all n to an antiquaria c er . But if he is pursui g a claim to

- n - l a gold mi e , or even to a lead mine , the cleric wi l want 1 his small commission .

n . A other reason for the cautious attitude of Mr Master . The mere mention of the Duxbury estates would stir up n f memories of old trouble a d vistas o futur e trouble . Certain di sturbances had taken place in 1 81 3 - 1 4 which n o in would still be remembered and spoke ab ut Chorley .

1 For customar fees see Philli more edi ree W ork . 8 . y , P g , p 3 THE S E ES S S MY T RY OF MYL TAND I H . 2 3 ES S 2 4 MYL TAND I SH .

E . ven the new rector might have heard of them For, although instituted as incumbent of the old Parish Church n u 2 1 8 6 Stre ns as rece tly as Aug st 7, 4 , the Rev . James y ’ St o ham Master had formerly been curate of Ge rge s , 1 i 1 1 o . n n 8 2 Ch rley After the death of the last baro et , one o s S di w Th ma tan sh , a eaver or collier , with his friends D took possession of uxbury Hall . Though he was evicted n and u by a troop of dragoo s , tried imprisoned , pop lar sympathy was on his side and long afterwards demonstra i in tions were made n his favour . He revived his claim

1 82 and n 1 8 . 5 , other claima ts appeared in 35 These disputes may help to account for the discouragement Mr . Bromley received when he confessed that he was consulting the Chorley Register in behalf of the descendants of Captain w of Standish . B ut whatever vie be taken the attitude m not of . Mr Master , it must be re embered that Myles did on Du u in w l nor m an of menti xb ry his i l , clai y part the now w Duxbury Park estates . It will be sho n that he claimed something else which the Standishes of the Park never possessed .

1 He was licens e in 1 8 26 ester Dioces an R e i tr d , Ch g s y .

ES S 2 6 MYL TAND ISH .

S n n n the ta dishes of this bra ch held la d , and they seem to n have held nowhere else . A clinchi g bit of evidence is found in the fact that some members of this branch settled in the Isle of Man . n and m From the deeds mentio ed , fro other sources , it is now possible to give an account of this family and their estates . The earliest member of the family deﬁnitely described of m l S as Or skirk is the Wil iam tandish of Ormskirk , i in 1 n n n n u 1 6 . gentlema , me tio ed laws its 444 and 44 S n A little earlier a certain Huan tandish is fou d . Huan ll am E n E nn is practica y the s e as wa or van (Va s) , so these men m n and two , Willia and Hua , may be the father son mentioned in a deed of u n S di It sho ld be oted , however , that a Van tan sh was surety for a ﬁne to be paid by Robert B art on of West

D 1 2 . n . o 2 . erby as early as 4 9 (Pal of La c Plea R ll , , m Huan Standish was a witness at Ormskirk on the Feast of u n of n 1 the P riﬁcatio the Blessed Virgi Mary , 5 Henry VI . 2 1 6 E S W n [February , 43 wan tandish was it ess to an oath in Ormskirk church in Before passing on it may be interesting to record some li m S n of the activities of the aforesaid Wil a ta dish . In 1 n n an 444 , there was a lawsuit betwee the Char ock d n n n Dalton families . He ry Char ock sued a umber of people n n hi m o for waylayi g and maltreati g at Charn ck Richard , the township where he resided and was lord of a moiety of The n in the manor . defe dants the case were Richard D n o n D n alto , Vicar of Cr sto , Thomas alto of Croston , n n S n m n m n ge tlema , William ta dish of Or skirk , ge tle a , and n and others belo ging to Croston , Newburgh , Lathom “l B urscough . The case shows that William Standish

1 N o w . D ee s . 1 . B elo d , p . 99 2 ownle MSS DD . 2 1 0 2 1 T y , 4 . s Hi st. S oc . Lane. and hes . Vol . 1 N S . Scaris ri c D ee s C , 4 , b k d ,

No . 1 62 . 4 n lea m 2 b see m. an or n ati on Pal . La c . R . 6 . d m. 2 f co ti nu P , 5 7 . THE STAND ISHES OF ORMSKIRK AND MAN 2 7

D n n m l as sociated with the alto s , who were amo g the s a ler gentry of the county . ar m o in Two ye s later , Willia was inv lved another suit . ll Wi iam Gerard was plaintiff against Roger Gerard of Ince, n m S i i m ge tle an , William tand sh of Ormsk rk , gentle an , n ai S di and others belo ging to Wigan , H gh , and tan sh , for and taking away a horse other possessions from I nce . h - l n n T is looks like a horse stea i g case , but may have bee a distraint for debt . We have then a William Standi sh of Ormskirk and an

Evan Standish contemporaries in 1 446 . A third member m u m of the fa i ly , H gh (Hugo) , was pro inent in the locality ndi . S n somewhat later Hugh ta sh of Ormskirk , ge tleman , u n n was acc sed of breaki g i to the closes of Henry Atherton , l i who had ands in Bickerstaffe , Burscough , Ormsk rk , etc .

1 6 E . 1 6 The case was tried in Lent , dward IV [ 47 S d m n Hugh tan ish of Ormskirk , gentle a , was also accused E i i and li with l zabeth Fletcher , w dow , Wil am Fletcher , of

n di m i . in havi g sseised Ja es Ormsk rk He was tried Lent , 3 1 8 . 23 Edward IV . [ 4 3] He appears to have varied these E lively proceedings with acts of piety ; for Thomas , arl D al of erby , and others founded a chantry at the tar of in Our Lady Ormskirk church , at some time during the the n n latter half of ﬁfteenth ce tury , and amo g the founders appears the name of Hugh Standish . The chantry was n wi n 1 e dowed th la ds in Aughton and Ormskirk . n 1 81 The ﬁrst refere ce to the family estate occurs in 4 , n and whe only two places , Ormskirk Newburgh , are he n n n n . T mentioned messuages , la ds , te eme ts , re ts , and

on 20 2 1 E . services there were May , dward IV in possession of the Hugh already referred to ; and a certain E n S n of n i van (Va ns) ta dish Warri gton , son of W lliam S n u ri ta dish , deceased , released to H gh all his ght and claim

m . f m . Es to the Ha let Atherton , q , Geo frey Hulme , Gilbert

1 l ea R . 111 l b. P 9, . 2 lea R . P . 44 3 lea R . m . 1 d P 5 7 , 5 4 Valor E ccles; R ec . Com. . 22 . V, p 3 2 8 MYLES STAND ISH .

o n u m 1 Gerard , and thers were wit esses to this q itclai deed . It may perhaps be conj ectured that Hugh was a younger son m S n and of Willia ta dish , that his elder brother Huan or Evan renounced hi s rights because he had left the locality .

Twenty years afterwards the family estate was held by m n S n . Gilbert ta dish of Or skirk , ge tleman By a deed n 1 1 1 n dated at Ormskirk Ju e , 7 He ry VII . the now u and estate , described as mess ages , cottages , lands , n m n n n on te e e ts with appurte a ces , was settled Gilbert W i n S son for life , th remai der to Robert tandish , his and and and heir , the heirs of the said Robert Margaret Croft , o m daughter and heir of R bert Croft . Or skirk and New burgh are still the only two places named where lands are n m in onn on held . This settleme t , probably ade c ecti with ’ o n Sir R bert s marriage to Margaret , was wit essed by Henry

l n s Es . m Halsa l , K ight , Thomas He keth , q , Tho as Atherton ,

d . and Es . an q , others Peter Gerard Richard Hulme , 2 f . clerks , were feo fees

The prior and canons of Burscough had estates in the and m o n district , fro the Pri ry re tals we learn that the Standish family of Ormskirk held land for which a quit n and n re t was paid to the canons , , after the dissolutio , to n m n the Crow . So e accou ts are still preserved in the fi and m n Public Record Of ce , those already exa i ed furnish interesting particulars . ’ 1 1 2 S n son In 5 , Robert tandish (evide tly Gilbert s ) , was n of S of m in possessio the tandish Or skirk estates . The u o n n B rscough Pri ry Re tal for that year , which co tinued in use for m m n n so e time , with e endatio s writte in as 3 n . n occasion arose , is still exta t The free tena ts paid to

- n n the Prior , as has been said , small quit re ts or re ts of u I and . n assize , frequently s blet their holdings Burscough 1 D ee s N o 1 . . d , . , p 99 2 D ee s N o . 2 . d , , p 99 3 Duc of Lane . R entals etc . un l e N o. and No . 8 . hy , , b d 4 , 7 S ES S AN 2 THE STAND I H OF ORM KIRK D MA N . 9

S ndi was n ai at this date Robert ta sh a free te ant , and p d

- - sixpence quit rent for a tenement . His sub tenant was R Fereman F m n ui - ichard ( erry a ) , who paid the q t rent on ’ n n n Robert s behalf . Amo g the te a ts at will in Burscough ar i S n i who no appe s also a certa n Matilda ta d sh , can t be h hi n n i . S e o ide t ﬁed paid two s llings re t for her h lding , and was apparently succeeded in her tenancy by a certain John Lathum in favour of whom her name is crossed out

in n . no o the re tal It should be ted , h wever , that her “ name re- appears as Mowd e Standi sh in the rental for sub- So . 1 522 . possibly Lathom was a tenant In new n u o 1 2 the re tal of B rsc ugh Priory made in 5 4 , the Standi sh of Ormskirk tenements were still in the possession n of Robert Sta dish or had just passed from his hands . u i The B rscough list gives h m as before paying 6d . quit n - n n R e B ut in re t by his sub te a t ichard F rreman . the Ormskirk list the widow (f eli cia ) of Robert Standish pays n li n and i n n a free rent of seve shil gs n epe ce . This is an n i 1 amou t that recurs n later rentals . ma o We y deduce from this rental that R bert , son of t di u m and o l Gilber , had ed abo t this ti e , p ssib y , that his ’ heir was a minor and that the land was held in hi s mother s n ame . The brief abstract of a rental of the lands of Margaret ’ S n in 1 2 ta dish , Robert s widow , shows that 5 9 the nl i u and estate was located not o y in Ormsk rk, B rscough , ur on Newb gh , as formerly , but in Crost , Mawdesley , and ri n W ghti gton as well . We may perhaps surmi se that the lands in these latter townships came from the Croft family ’ ma w by Margaret s rriage ith Robert Standish . No details in n on su i are given the re tal , but ly the total m, wh ch is , ’

. . . 1 23 . sum not except lib o redd , £3 The is a one n for f n very large , eve allowing the di fere t value of modern money . We have no means of deciding whether

1 Du c n R e tal . N o . 1 6 ot i n t i s and later r ental s the hy , b 5 , b h h tenement of R alph Stan dish of Standi sh i n Ormskirk is menti one d th e r nt w - P e as 1 2 d . and th e sub tenant eter Stan is . , d h 2 D ee s No 1 00 d , . 3 , p . . 0 ES S 3 MYL TAND ISH .

n o it represents the re ts of the whole estate , or nly of the w B ut third part usually held by the idow . for the first time all the Lancashire townships mentioned by Captain Myles Standish in his will are named in conj unction with h m S n m t e fa ily of ta dish of Or skirk . In the next mention made of the family estates we find m S n n i a S n o . Tho as ta dish , heir of Robert ta dish , p ssession The account of the profits of Burscough Priory for

1 - 6 o n 535 , the ﬁrst year after the diss lutio , when the ’ Pri ory and its appurtenances were taken into the King s n in n for ten ha ds ( which condition they remai ed years) , 1 has been preserved . The fullest account of the possessions of the Standish m n of Ormskirk fa ily appears in thi s statement . Amo g the assize or quit - rents of the free tenants we ﬁnd under the head of Ormskirk d n and she s . . St 7 9 from the free re t of Thomas y , heir of in in n R Stand sshe . obert y , for land etc Ormskirk , the te ure l of Richard Co ynson. n 1 2d . from the free re t of the same Thomas for his land there lately Maggotes Egeacre in the tenure of the same n Richard Coly son.

3 5 . from the free rent of the same Thomas for Mercers

felde . d m n 9 . from the free rent of the same Tho as for la d called l Myttons and . on n in Then further , in the list of tena ts Burscough , the sixpence free rent is mentioned of the heir of Robert ” Stand ishe for land in Burscough in the tenure of Richard e F ryman . This most interesting return gives us the names of two s ub- n n S n one in k te a ts of the ta dishes of Ormskirk , Orms irk , R Col nson and one in ichard y , Burscough , as before , Richard ﬁel - n Feryman . We have also three d ames or titles of t n m n Ma otes E eacre e e e ts in Ormskirk given , gg g , Myt f tonsland and Merc ers eld e . The last appears later in a d ’ eed of sale . The ﬁrst means perhaps Margaret s 1 Duc of Lancs . Mins . ccts . . 1 6 N o . 2 1 8 . hy A , b 3 , 9 SH ES S A 1 THE STAND I OF ORM KIRK ND MAN . 3

S n Edg eacre . The widow of Robert ta dish (and presum r E ably the mother of Thomas) was called Ma garet . dge acre is a name which occurs in many deeds relating to o Ed eacres n ne the district . There were m re g tha o ; an ’ Ed geacre in Burscough was according to this same bailiff s n Si account in the te ure of r James Stanl ey . No doubt the land called by that name lay in both Ormskirk and

and n m n m . Burscough , was divided i to two or ore te e ents Lands called Edgeacres were at a very early date granted to 1 rtance of ﬁeld - narnes the prior of Burscough . The irnp o n is very great , as they often enable us to ide tify lands f ld . Mercers e e which have chang ed owners The , or ’ n Merchant s Field , mentioned above amo g the possessions S n in 1 6 i n 1 2 of Thomas ta dish 53 , was sold 57 by Hugh S di n n hi s li Sto ford tan sh , ge tlema , son and heir , to Wil am p

2 - of Bispham . The other ﬁeld names given may yet furnish useful clues .

1 S o n n In 539, Thomas tandish is still f u d in possessio of d hi s n n n an o . the estate , wife Ja e or J a is mentio ed On l 1 8 1 S n m Ju y , 539, Thomas ta dish of Or skirk mortgaged 1 0 and n ri htin ton or sold for £ a messuage la ds in W g g , of 1 5 n the clear value of 6 . over all ma ner of charges which

in m . Jane , wife of the said Thomas , had the sa e tenement o hi s l Nevertheless , if Th mas or heirs shou d wish to buy and back the premises , they might do so on due warning

n . e n repayme t within ten years G orge Nelso , the pur

n n n . chaser , e tered i to a bo d to keep true to these indentures Four years afterwards a messuage in Wrightington in mortgage was surrendered to Thomas Standish of Ormskirk n n li m by George Nelson . The te a ts had been Wil a Hesketh 3 and Alice Robinson . m n ul 2 . On J y 7 , 3 Henry VIII a family settle e t i m im was made , the record of wh ch is perhaps the ost

1 V C. R . Lanes . 2 6211 . . , III , 1 D ee s N o. 2 . 1 06 . d , 5 , p

3 - Dee s Nos . 6 8 . 1 00 1 02 . d , 4 , 5 , , , 9, pp 2 ES ST D SH 3 MYL AN I .

o t na not n p rtant deed yet discovered , for i mes o ly Thomas S o and tandish of O rmskirk , but his two br thers , John n and n own u nn Hua , in additio his da ghter A e . In n u the feoffme t Thomas gave his mess ages , lands , tenements , n n and n o re ts , reversio s , services , all hereditame ts whats ever in rm u n u O skirk , Bursco gh , Wrighti gton , Newb rgh , Maw d esle and n in Lan y , Crosto , or elsewhere the County of u o caster , to tr stees , the first of wh m was the rector of n for use m Aughto . The estate was the of Thomas hi self and u n for his life , afterwards d ri g five years for the of nn u n use A e his da ghter , provided always that if Joh , or n n who n the brother of Thomas , a yo e else was ext heir nn 20 u to Thomas , paid A e £ , the tr stees were to hold the n n estate for the use of Joh or the ext heir . After the to use the five years , the estate was be held for the of i n in right heir of Thomas leg timately begotte ; default , use n n n and for the of Joh , the brother already me tio ed , u for use u n his legitimate heirs in defa lt , the of H a , brother f n o m and o u . of the af resaid Tho as , the heirs H a This who settlement was sealed by Thomas Standish . Those ma n n afterwards sold the estate y have i fri ged this trust , a n nd it is very probable that Capt . Myles Sta dish claimed 1 lands by virtue of the remainders in this very deed . In 1 n on n n 543 , a perso appeared the sce e who was desti ed to have a fateful influence on the fortunes of Standish of n m Sto ford m . n n Or skirk This was a ge tlema a ed William p , o m on n in o s meti es described as of Mert , or Marti Bursc ugh , and of m m n ou later as Bispha (the Bispha ear Bursc gh) , one m a township in Croston parish . He was at ti e secretary E D and Sto ford to the arl of erby , is probably the William p E in n who farmed ccleston rectory Leyla d hundred , and n 1 8 ma n in E o whose gravesto e , dated 5 4 , y be see cclest n a man and churchyard . He was evidently of wealth n u n and e to u in i fl e ce , he se ms have acq ired parcels part , and of S n of r . perhaps all , of the estate the ta dishes Ormski k The transfer began in the time of the Thomas Standish already mentioned . 1 D ee s N o . . 1 01 . d , 7 , p

ES S S 34 MYL TAND I H .

that the reason given for dissolving a j uvenile and un ratiﬁed u marriage would be add ced , or would be deemed n c o sufﬁcie t , in regard to the divorce of those who had

habited for a long period . So perhaps the Thomas of the not but divorce was Thomas the father of Hugh , a relative and u n di , if so , it wo ld follow that the Joa of the vorce was ’

not n . . Hugh s mother Joa Or is the alleged divorce , N o 1 " 4, a forgery as S n A contemporary of Thom ta dish of Ormskirk , “ n and n e gentlema , perhaps a poor relatio , is mention d

n n . e o m in a deed belo gi g to Mr Jam s Br mley , of The Ho e

o . o stead , Lath m It appears thus in his library catal gue d n n u 1 . an hi 4 Oct 3 4 P lip and Mary , I de t re of i n s nd n S n B co stath E . a lease betwee Peter ta ley of , q , E Stand ishe Ormesk ke o dward of y , c rviser [shoemaker] , n of on and Ja e his wife , l de , medow , and pasture in Ormes n n kyke called Away nes Feld for 21 years . Re t eightpe ce - n L v e oll payable half yearly . Wit esses William Pyle of y p , B ckerst the B ckerstathe n Robert y y of y , Thomas Jackso ,

1 n . and Edwar d Standish of Ormskirk . mo ogram seal ” 1 missing .

The divorce is the last we hear of Thomas Stand ish . n in There is a other gap the records , but in the course of time his son and successor Hugh Standish is found in El on . On 20 possessi of the estates November , 9 izabeth S n n and Hugh ta dish , late of Wiga , gentleman , son i o S n n he r of Th mas ta dish of Ormskirk , surre ders his m in n n in right and claim to a essuage Wrighti gto , the u of ar and o ten re M garet Hesketh , widow, R bert Hesketh , 2 to n to William Stopford of Bispham . This refers the la d o an s ld by his father , d we may infer that Thomas had n recently died and had been succeeded by Hugh . Ja e

1 l e t l su est t at Th e date shou d be 1 5 56 . Th abstrac wou d gg h t ere were two eo le call e E war Stan i s the lessee and a h p p d d d d h , wi n i i na me occurs t es s . e t er ca n be at resent enti e but the N h p d ﬁ d , a mon the Ma n Stan is es . 0 . g x d h , p 4 2 D ee s No . 1 . 1 0 . d , 5 , p 3 TH E STAND ISHES OF ORMSKIRK AND MAN 35

S i o S nd l of (Joanna) tand sh, widow of Th mas ta ish , ate i a u u 1 0 1 6 n she Ormsk rk , appears ag in on A g st , 5 9, whe quitclairns to her son Hugh (Hugo) all ri ght and claim in u e that ever she had all messuages , b rgag s , lands , and n in i u ewbur h te ements Ormsk rk , B rscough , N g , or else

in . s where the county A few days afterwards , Augu t 1 6 u n an 4 , 1 5 9, H gh gra ted to his mother Jane for life

05 . s s u e n s annuity of 4 out of all his mes uage , b rgag s , la d , 1 and tenements in Ormskirk . Hugh now began a series of transactions with William Stopford in whi ch the estate of Standish of Ormskirk n seems to have been bartered away . By a ﬁ al concord s on o made at Lanca ter Monday in the f urth week of Lent, 1 2 E i ar 6 1 6 l zabeth [M ch , 5 9 he sold or mortgaged to i l Sto ford and S 0 W l iam p Roger oukey , for £4 , 3 mes 26 s suages , 4 cottages , 4 orchards , acres of land , 5 acre u 0 o and 8 of past re , 4 acres of meadow , 4 acres of mo r , r i acres of turba y in Wright ngton , Newburgh , Ormskirk , nd a R a Burscough . Hugh gr nted them to William and oger i z m. A , and to_ the heirs of Will a bout a year later on r a 1 2 1 E 1 0 S n Feb u ry , 3 lizabeth [ 57 we ﬁnd Hugh ta dish i e a in s of Ormsk rk , gentleman , l asing l nd Orm kirk for 3 - H iton B irc n a e hl e Es . twe ty one ye rs to William of y , q 8 1 E 1 0 S n On March , 3 lizabeth [ 57 Hugh ta dish , son of

n d . m S e 66 1 5 . Tho as tandish , dec ased , gra ted for £ 3 4 to l St0 ford all s Wil iam p of Bispham those messuages , land , n n and n teneme ts , re ts , services , hereditame ts whatsoever , i 4 1 i i h s i n . 1 E wh ch were Ormskirk On June 3 , 3 l zabeth Hugh was bound in an immense sum for those 200 St0 ford n n days , £ , to William p , to keep cove a ts speci ’ “ ﬁed in indentures relating to Hugh s land in the town ” 5 n of Ormskirk . A ﬁnal co cord was also made between St them on the Monday after the Feast of . Bartholomew 1 Dee s N os 1 6 1 . 1 0 d , . , 7 , p 4 . 1 D ee s N o 1 8 . 1 0 . d , . , p 4 3 D ee s N o . 1 . 1 0 . d , 9, p 4 1 D ee s N o . 20 . 1 0 . d , , p 5 5 D ee s No . 2 1 . 1 0 . d , , p 5 6 S S 3 MYLE STAND I H .

‘ 1 E a 2 n 3 liz beth [August 7 , concerning teneme ts in n l u Ormskirk . Hugh gra ted to Wi liam 6 mess ages there and 1 0 6 6 1 2 4 cottages , tofts , gardens , orchards , acres 1 0 1 of land , 4 acres of meadow , acres of pasture , acre

and of . i n of wood , 5 acres moor But W lliam regra ted n n to Hugh for life part of the said te eme ts , viz . , 4 mes 2 s 6 n 2 suages , toft , 3 gardens , 3 orchards , acres of la d , 1 and . acres of meadow , 4 acres of pasture William St0pford now made it hi s care to secure the consent and quitclaim of those interested in the estate of Standish of Ormskirk in respect to these bargains with n n Hugh . The most i teresti g release is that given by

n S n of . n Joh ta dish the Isle of Man This is highly importa t , since it shows that at least one member of the family of

Standish of Ormskirk settled in the Isle .oi Man ; thus maki ng more probable the view taken by the writer that

Captai n Myles Standish belonged to this branch . 1 2 S n Man In a deed dated 57 , John ta dish of the Isle of , for divers considerations and sums of money paid him by Sto ford all William p of Bispham , releases to the latter s in and n n his right all those messuages , lands , te eme ts i in o n o S n wh ch lately were the p ssessio of R bert ta dish , r and n and n late of Ormski k , all those messuages , la ds , te e ments which William Stopford has by the gift and feoff u S n son and ment of H gh ta dish , late of Ormskirk , heir of

n . Thomas deceased . The la ds , etc , were in the vills or 2 hamlets of Ormskirk and Wrightington . Another deed 20 1 2 f n which is dated April , 57 , is either a duplicate di fere t ly abstracted or a release from another John Standish n living in the Isle of Man . There were at least two perso s n in n a of this name livi g the isla d somewhat later , as we sh ll

In n n . n . see prese tly this seco d release the la ds , etc , are de in S n scribed as lately the possession of Thomas ta dish , n and late of Ormskirk , ge tleman , as lying in the vills of n n o on and w Ormskirk , Wrighti gto , Parbold , Cr st , Ma desley . n Parbold is perhaps a mistake for Newburgh . A other

1 Dee s No . 22 . 1 0 . d , , p 5 3 D ee s N O. 2 . 1 06 . d , 3, p S A THE STAND ISHES OF ORM KIRK ND MAN . 3 7

K ersc ha h in i in place , g , appears the marg nal head g , and ” 1 I may be an error for Burscough . n this deed John n n Standi sh is described as a ge tlema . On 1 E S n i October 3 , 4 lizabeth Hugh ta d sh sold 2 to Willi am St0pford the Mersers Field in Ormskirk . Thi s i 1 ﬁeld has already been mentioned n 536. A further n and n n n 2 1 8 E gra t co cessio is dated Ja uary 9, lizabeth 1 -6 i k n [ 575 ] in th s deed Orms irk only is mentio ed , but the bargaini ng away of the family interest there woul d

n and . S n seem to be comprehe sive absolute Hugh ta dish , n n n n d escri late of Wiga , ge tlema (the reversio to the old p n n r n Sto ford a tio is otewo thy) , gra ts to William p of Bisph m , n m n and n ul n n ge tle a , all si g ar those messuages , la ds , te e n and m me ts , rents , services , whatsoever heredita ents he o on n holds in the Vill of Ormskirk . He als c cedes a y claim that he has in the premises for the term of his life So k or for a term of years . He makes Roger n y and 3 Reginal d Mason attorneys to deliver possession . n n S now The Ja e or Joa tandish , widow of Thomas ,

on n n di f n . ap pears the sce e agai , but under a fere t name he n n and n S has evide tly married agai , bee left a widow a She al n u Sto ford second time . so has bee pers aded by p to renounce any claim to the estate he has purchased . u m whi 1 8 E The q itclai deed , ch is dated May 3 , lizabeth in En and o n S is glish ; by it J a cott of Wigan , o who of wid w , stands endowed of the third part all the i n o n i w messuages , etc . , with the t w of Ormsk rk that ere the of m S n m m u n possessions Tho as ta dish , so eti e her h sba d , u S n son n n m or of H gh ta dish her , gra ts , for certai su s of on n li St0 ford of and hi s m ey , u to Wil am p Bispham heirs al l and n for ever her estate , right , dema d in the said

1‘- premises . Yet another person gave up all claim to the estate in m Or skirk . The deed leaves us to guess whether his

1 D ee s N O. 2 . 1 06 . d , 4 , p 1 D ee s N o . 2 . 1 06 . d , 5 , p 3 D ee s N O . 2 6 . 1 0 . d , , p 7 1 D ee s N o . 2 . 1 0 . d , 7 , p 7 3 8 MYLES STAND ISH .

i interest had come through his w fe , and if so , who she was . On S 1 2 1 E eptember , 9 lizabeth a certain Richard Mosse of Ormskirk granted to William Stopford all ri ght ll a n . and claim that ever he had in the messuages , la ds , etc , in Ormskirk that were lately the possessions of Hugh 1 Standish or of Thomas Standish hi s father . n S n Thus , lo g before the birth of Captain Myles ta dish a an S i great part , at y rate , of the estate of the tandish fam ly n of Ormskirk had been alienated . It is u likely , however, s that Hugh parted with the whole of hi estate . The parish registers of Ormskirk show that descendants of ai in Hugh rem ned the locality for a long time . A Hugh S tandish is prominent in the registers and , if he be the n n u one me tio ed above , he m st have been young when (about 1 566) he inh erited the estate and began bartering n u it away . Several childre of H gh were baptised at 1 1 Edi 1 2 n in 1 Ormskirk , Ann in 59 , th in 59 , Ja e 595 , and one without name in 1 599. A chi ld of Hugh was buried D 1 0 in 1 600. S di Hugh tan sh himself was buried ecember , 1 606 in n an o nl , the high cha cel , h nor commo y reserved for l n benefactors . It will be recal ed that his a cestor had n u ndi n co trib ted to the fou g of a chantry . A Grace u n Standish was b ried in the high chancel in 1 620. Ma y i 2 other Standishes are named n the registers . One might naturally expect to ﬁnd in the Ormskirk S registers the baptismal record of Myles tandish , but it i is not there . The reg sters , however , are defective , like those of Chorley . But Capt . Myles was probably not a son of the Hugh who sold the estates for thi s Hugh does not appear n Man and u to have held la ds in the Isle of , his s ccessor at

Ormskirk seems to have been a Henry Standish . Nor ’

ai an s . did Thomas , Hugh s father , cl m y Manx e tate

HE TAND HES or THE E r AN T S IS I SL o M . Now if Myles Standi sh was not a descendant of Thomas S u l e tandish , the father of H gh , attention is natural y dir cted 1 D ee s N o. 28 1 0 . d , , p . 7 1 “ See en i Later Stan ishes at rms ir . 1 0 App dx, d O k k, p 9 S AND THE STAND I SHES OF ORM KIRK MAN . 39

’ to the two brothers of Thomas mentioned in the latter s

m n 1 0 m and . settle e t of 54 , na ely , John Huan

Of John nothing deﬁnite is known . Huan settled in an S i the Isle of M . As Myles tand sh claimed the estate of rmsld rk S i and al n in Man the O tand shes so la d , he was

n n n son S n . probably a desce da t of Hua , of Robert ta dish It is a remarkable fact that Huy n Standish was a In 1 0 m of di o n n Man . la dow er in 54 , at the ti e the ss lution n n n in Su n n of the mo asteries , he held a te eme t lby , co sisti g of lan ds belongi ng to Rushen Abbey . He paid to the

n 2 s . u u o . Abbey a re t of 4 , as the Comp t s sh ws The S di in n n tan sh estate this locality , afterwards k ow as Ell anbane n n to S n un , co ti ued be held by the ta dishes til m E n the eighteenth century . The na e wa recurs in their pedigree . There was considerable trafﬁc between Lancashire and Man in n S n the Isle of ow g to the con ection of the ta leys ,

E D . n arls of erby , with both They had large estates ear

i Man . Ormsk rk , and they were Kings of It has been shown that the Stand ishes of Ormskirk were allied to one n S l m m S nd bra ch of the tan ey fa ily , Tho as ta ish having nn E married Joa a Stanley . The interest of the arls of Derby in the Isle of Man led to the appointment of Lanca n in n n shire me to vari ous ofﬁces the isla d . We ﬁnd La ca r n ni n in Man and vi ce versa o shi e ge try ow ng la d , Manx pe ple

n n hi . n n n havi g La cas re property For i sta ce , the Christia s Milntown n Illi a D on in 1 0 an of , a cestors of m h e , 54 had

n n in and n n . i terest in la ds Parbold Wrighti gto . Mr Cubbon n m n n out who gives this i for atio , poi ts that two Si n o S ndi m 1 02 of the g at ries to a ta sh of Or skirk deed in 5 , Sir n and s n He ry Halsall Thomas He keth , were co nected

Man . S E with Halsall was the teward of Thomas , arl of ’ D and n i . erby , Hesketh was his lordsh p s Receiver Ge eral ’ Hal sall s n ll l family had la d at Ballasa a , which stil bears m their na e . ubbon n Mr . C also co tributes the interesting discovery Sto forth r m n that William p who , by fai ea s or foul , obtained S m i Man the tandish of Or sk rk estates , was in the Isle of in 0 ES T I 4 MYL S AND SH .

1 61 and S and m E 5 ; as ecretary Com issioner of dward , E D n arl of erby , sig ed the Book of Orders at Castle town in that year . These facts indicate the close connection between Man and n m o western La cashire , and explain the igration t the n m S n isla d of so e of the ta dishes of Ormskirk . in Owing to the difﬁculties of research the Isle of Man, it has not been possible to draw up a full acc ount of the

Manx Standishes . But the items that have been c ollected indi cate that there was more than one branch there in the reign of Henry VIII . In n n 1 1 1 the Manx Ma orial Rolls , u der the year 5 , there di n w appear , below the hea g Cottages in Castleto n, an tand sh E S 28 . d . for one o and dward y , who paid 4 r om , also s n u m a Peter Stand y h . Both ames occ r at Ormskirk so e 1 what later .

n n . The Ma x historia , Mr A . W . Moore , says that a branch of the Standishes of Standish Hall in Lancashire had Pulrose settled in the Isle of Man , ﬁrst at in Braddan , n Ellanbane in n n n and the at Lezayre , si ce the begi ni g n W u n of the sixteenth ce tury , here they held a q a tity of

n Ellanb n . o intack property in additio to a e. Mr M ore gi ves no evidence to shew that they came from Standi sh

Hall . He adds that there is still a curragh (lough) called ’ 2 Standi sh s Curragh . S n m Ellanbane w n i The ta dish fa ily of hich , as i d cated , n m S n m more probably desce ded fro the ta dishes of Or skirk , n n un appears to have bee fou ded by Huan , the yo ger o om S n m son br ther of Th as ta dish of Or skirk , the of

and S and n n . Robert Margaret tandish , gra dso of Gilbert u S n n S n no H an ta dish was succeeded by a Joh ta dish , doubt the same John who released the Ormskirk estates to William Stopford in 1 572 . It is possible that he was ’ o n n n in n 1 0 Huan s br ther Joh , me tio ed the settleme t of 54 ; but perhaps more likely that he was a son or grandson of Huan . 1 S ee a es 2 . p g 9 , 3 4 2 M an x W orthi es 1 0 1 . 20 . , 9 , p 5

4 2 MYLES STAND ISH .

Th e p eople menti oned i n this deed wer e contemporari es of Myl es wer e ro a l closel rel a o hi Stan is and te t m . d h, p b b y y d In 1 6 0 o n Stan is of Kir ri st i n th e r e cla ime th e 3 , J h d h k Ch Ay , d moiety of c ertain parcels of i ntac k i n th e p oss essi on of Will iam

Stan i s hi s rot er . The rot ers were oint e ecutors of the d h , b h b h j x last wi ll of o n Stan is t eir at er who ha d el on l ea se r om J h d h , h f h , h d f th e r ommi ssi oners a ointe i n the ca se eci e t a t it was lo d . C pp d d d d h ’ a ai nst the lor s i nterest to i i e th e lan s e were to be g d d v d d . Th y i en to Will iam but i n res ect of the reat o ert of o n hi s g v p g p v y J h , wi e and t ei r small c il ren William wa s or ere to i e o n th e f , h h d , d d g v J h c ottage wherein h e dwelt and the tenant right in a moi ety of one - in l e M oor of 8 s 6 d rent wi th e corn al clos e Su call e los . . t h f by , d C , , h ro ta n in on th e one a l o n wa s to a al the ﬁ ne c p s d g h f . J h p y h f for the same and a rent of s . d . , 4 3 J ohn was to assign to Will iam for ev er his titl e to c ertain intac ks ar n n w ic el e in the ell s call e Ear ta of 6 s . re t h e had lat t f , d y , , h h y c o ere ur rom his sai rot er 1 v d by j y f d b h .

The two brothers , William and John , sons of John S n n u n r l tandish , were promi e t d ri g the ﬁ st ha f of the seven n MOO1 n n teenth ce tury . Close is freque tly me tioned in their deeds . As the question of the religion of Myles Standish has been n u kee ly disc ssed , it is noteworthy that several members of this branch of the family were clergy of the Church of E 600 n o n . 1 S gland About , William ta dish the lder was n n S n son vicar of A dreas , Isle of Man . A Joh ta dish , of u William , was vicar of Lezayre abo t The Manx Standishes continued to bear a part in local government ; William Standi sh was a Member of the i 1 62 and n u n . One House of Keys , 9, s cceedi g years of n li S n Ell anbane the ame , described as Wil am ta dish of , gave depositions c oncerning the execution of Capt . William Christian in This William Standish appears to have taken sides against the Countess of Derby . A John S m u tandish , probably his son , was a ember of the Ho se of Keys in 1 651 and took an active part in the rising on the

Island when the Manxmen declared for the Parliament .

“ ’ 1 Li er Cancellar 1 6 1 - 2 1 b , 7 33 , p . . 1 an et ols . M x Soci y V See also p . 9 . 1 1b. Vol . 26 . 1 8 . , , p S A THE STAND ISHES OF ORM KIRK ND MAN . 43

He was probably lieutenant or cornet in the Lezayre i r e milit a . He was present at the captu e of Peel Castl

. d if under Capt Ra cl fe, and took a ﬂag of truce there with s n b e i n s the the o te sible o j ct of parley g with Maj or Wood , r commandant . His real pu pose was to speak with the n n and i garriso in the Manx to gue, to secure the r defection in the night assault during whi ch the castle was taken . Willi am appear s to have been succeeded by his son who o n n m of John , was als , as already me tio ed , a me ber

n i 1 6 2 . the House of Keys . Joh d ed about 7 His daughter, h n S n l i C ristia ta dish , married Captain Wil iam Christ an , Ell anbane who died about 1 709. The estate came to her

n n n S n . desce da ts , who were k own as the ta dish Christians

K 8 . H . . in 1 6 nd Ellan bane M . Mr . Sta ish Christian of was 7 Ellanbane and f The grounds of are picturesque , the chie of house pleasantly situated . The estate has passed out i the ownership of the Chr istian fam ly . bb e and . u on Both Mr . Moore Mr C speak of the entir bb n r s an . Cu o disappearance of the family in M Mr . rema k the ersistence m in n n on _ p of the na e sayi gs still curre t , in ” ’ n S n S n s Lezayre parish , such as Jua beg ta dish , ta dish ” ’ 1 S n old m . Meadow, As bony as ta dish s are

Man and There is a tradition in that Rose Barbara , S ndi r m the successive wives of Myles ta sh , we e embers of a Standish family settled on the island . The story ’ n o of probably came from America . Wi s r s History m D f . o . n uxbury , p 97, describi g the e forts made by Mr Br ley in 1 846-7 adds : “ As it was sai d that th e Captai n marri ed his ﬁ rst wife i n th e I sle of Man thi s islan was isite wi t o es of i sc o eri n t ere his , d v d h h p d v g h marr ia e re ister e but wit out succ es s as no rec or s of a ate g g d, h , d d " ea rl e y nough were to be foun d . Moore alludes to the belief that the wives came from

r and i n S n . Lezay e , that the r maiden ame was ta dish As the Lezayre Standishes were thought to be a branch m S i the fro tandish Hall , and Myles cla med to belong to

1 Isle o M an E xaminer 2 th une 1 1 . f , 7 J , 9 4 4 4 MYLES STAND ISH .

S S n n tandishes of ta dish , Moore was of the opi ion that o ou n Myles and his Manx wives were pr bably c si s , but states that a di ligent search in the Manx manorial records to n has failed discover the ames of Rose , Barbara , Myles , or Alexander . ’ For the information that the Captain s wi ves were onn of Man u n c ected with the Isle . , Moore q otes amo g his

n o on o n . authorities , i f rmati fr m Belk ap (orig . ed Boston , r nd 1 794) per Mr . F owd e ; a the Rev . W . Ball Wright . ’ w n u n m He has a some hat u reliable a thority , a ely Abbott s n n m Purita Captai , for the state ent that Barbara , ’ n o who is said to have bee R se s sister , was left an orphan

in En n n . Enc B rit gla d whe the Mayﬂower sailed The y . , on S in the article Myles tandish , also says that Barbara o n n m was the sister of R se . Other i forma ts , A erican o on in n w c rresp dents , letters to the prese t riter , speak m of Barbara , who was , it is said , the other of all the Cap ’

n n n not o . tai s childre , as the cousi , the sister , of R se ’ u If he married his deceased wife s sister , he co ld hardly have spoken of Alexander as hi s heire apparent by law u D th n n of 1 60 r f ll ecent . The 99 Ca o 3 declared ma riages within the degrees prohibited unlawful and void from m u the beginning . But the arriage of co sins was not forbidden . M oore remarks that there are no Manx Church Registers ' early enough to c ontain Rose s marriage (s aid to be about B allau h R n in 1 8 The g egister begi s 59 , but at n n n s and ﬁrst co tai s o ly baptism burials . Neither a Rose nor a Barbara is mentioned under the ﬁrst category . R I CHAPTE V.

’ The Captain s Descent from Standish

of Standish ,

AND HIS CONNECTION WITH DU"B URY .

’ Having examined Myles Standi sh s assertion as to his lost and n n i estate, ascertai ed the bra ch of the family to wh ch he n i belonged , let us revert to the seco d claim set up in his w ll, and to the question of his descent . This statement that his gr eat - grandfather was a second or younger brother from the house of Stand ish of Standish is tantalisingly “ n n ma n vague . Seco d or you ger y be equivale ts or al ternatives ; and why does Myles not give the name of

df - ndf his father , gran ather , or great gra ather It has al ready been pointed out that strictly Standish

S ndi D u . S of ta sh excludes uxb ry ome , however, con n S ndi S i sider that Myles mea t ta sh of tand sh parish , S n includi ng Duxbury . Whether ta dish be used in the n c an n ma orial or parochial sense , a claim of desce t from either of the two maj or families b e harmonised with ’ Myles s other claim to lands which were in fact the pos sessions oi the Standish family of Ormskirk " If great - grandfather means only remote ancestor not ifﬁ i n there is much d culty , as the Ormsk rk bra ch was

no doubt founded from Duxbury or from Standish Hall . But if Myles means literally that he was a descendant in the fourth generation of a Standish of the Hall or the

Park great diffi culties app ear . American writers have sometimes erred in imagining S n il in n that there was but one ta dish fam y La cashire, or

at most two . E 4 6 MYL S STAND ISH .

n a . The question i evitably rises , did Capt Myles share i n this general confusion The answer to this dep ends on the response we give to a e n e i nother qu stio , nam ly , did he bel eve himself in his will to be claiming the chief estates of the main branch of on l the family or , the other hand, was he intel igently c laiming the lands belonging to a younger branch He connects the loss of his lands wi th his pedi gree by “ adding my great - grandfather being a second or young er brother from the house of Standish of Standish . A ﬁrst reading suggests that he is claiming the estates o f Standish of Standi sh . If there is no other meaning not p ossible, then we must conclude that Myles was well n r o i formed about the matte , for investigation sh ws that “ n s S n these lost la d were not the estates of ta dish of Standish . Another interpretaton of the words of the will is to ’ t n n i i ake the Captai s stateme t as a cla m, not to the ch ef a estates of the m in branch , but to the possessions of a s n i n o s e n an . you g er , creator or replen h r of a you ger br ch As the representatives of a younger brother inherit the e l ul and no chief states on y by defa t , default in the ’ n i s n i n l elder brother s li e mentio ed the wil , such an i nterpretation is quite permissible . n i i n hi Agai , very sl ght acqua ntance with La cas re woul d sufﬁce to show that the estates of Standish of S n S and D u ta dish were at tandish , those of the uxb ry

Standis hes were at Duxbury . The very titles of the families might reasonably lead to such an inference . But the n n in Captain did ot claim la ds either of these places . i Myles s said to have been a native of the c ounty . B e s na in n i ides, the fact that he mes seven places La cash re and uses such a phrase as the house of Standis h of Standish restrains us from thinking that he imagined t was l t e S n here but one fami y , h name of which was ta dish o f S n Du u ta dish, the homestead of which was at xb ry , n a nd the la ds of which were at Ormskirk . If we are to harmonise his claim of descent from one of the two maj or Standish families with his alleged title to E T ST D SH ST S DESC N FROM AN I OF AND I H . 4 7

i u hi the Ormsk rk lands, we m st understand m to mean ’ that his father s grandfather came from Standis h Hall u and e e n u or Duxb ry, b came entitl d by partitio , p rchase , or in some other way, to an estate elsewhere , not the chi ef inh eritance . We are met by the difﬁculty that a Standish of Ormskirk family was already established in the middl e of the ﬁfteenth 1 8 i s century . If Myles was born m 5 4, it barely possible, ’ u r i hi s b t ext emely unl kely , that grandfather s father 1 could have b een an adult in 444, and therefore born as ll 1 2 . r a early as 4 4 If it we e at feasible, then we might il S n conclude that W liam ta dish of Ormskirk , presumably n i the fou der of the fam ly there, was the ancestor Myles i i S had in m nd, and was a son of the squ re of tandish in

1 424 or thereabouts . u 1 2 - 1 8 But this wo ld leave a long period , 4 4 5 4, to be covered by four new generations . It would require that - d an the average age of the great gran father, gr dfather, and father of Myles when their respective sons were born r should be about 53 . If the ﬁ st ancestor named was born 1 2 n was about 4 4 and was 53 when the gra dfather born , this would bring us to the year 1 477 . Add 53 to thi s and we get 1 53 0 as the possible date of the birth of Myles ’ S n i ta d sh s father , who would then be about 54 when

Myles was born in 1 584 . n i S i 1 It is u l kely that William tand sh, an adult in 444 ,

- was the great grandfather of Myles . But the branch at

Ormskirk may have died out after its ﬁrst foundation, and received a second founder in a scion from the Standi sh ll - nd Ha stock , who was both the great gra father of Myles, n i and also the rightful ow er of the Ormsk rk estate . We cannot draw the Standi sh of Ormskirk pedi gree in unbroken succession from the William Standi sh j ust n mentio ed , so that such a renewal of the Ormskirk branch may hav e taken place . Similar renewals occur from time to time in the history of the Standi shes of m n Shevington . But it ust be co fessed that there is no m evidence of such a change in the Or skirk succession . 4 8 MYLES STAND ISH .

The heraldic visitations do not give the origin of the n Ormskirk bra ch . ’ In the Fleetwood of Penwortham pedigree in Flower s

. """ . . Visitation of Lancashire (Chet Soc . L I p 59) it i m m is stated that W llia Fleetwood , of Heskin arried n o S n on er Hele , daughter of R bert (Gilbert) ta dish , a y g i sonne descended t e of the house of Stand she. The date ’ of n 1 6 i m son in os the Visitatio is 5 7 , when W llia s was p of m and m and session the Penwortha estate , was arried f l had a family o seven children iving . The later Visita i 1 1 E l w tion by St. George n 6 3 describes l en ife of l m o S n s Wi lia Fleetw od as daughter of Robert ta di h , a o of n younger br ther Sta dish . o n and These pedigrees were fte carelessly drawn , the n reference may possibly relate to the Ormskirk bra ch , in son of which there was a Robert , Gilbert , who married ar 1 00 about the ye 5 . This doubtful allusion to the Standishes of Ormskirk n ne i di is the o ly o brought to light n the heral c visitations . E u m in 1 1 and nq iry was ade at the College of Arms 9 5 , the information elicited that no pedigree of the Standishes of Ormskirk and no grant of arms to them is recorded at a the College . Nevertheless they m y have b orne the arms

of one of the older Standish families . ’ The di fﬁculty in reconciling the Captain s belief that he was descended from the Standishes of Standish with the fact that he was claimant to the lands of another Standish family may possibly be met by the hypothesis that the junior branch at Ormskirk was founded or renewed D by a younger son from Standi sh or uxbury . There is n oo and n no deﬁ ite pr f of this, perhaps we can ot altogether exclude the supposition that there was some vagueness or n n in m n co fusio his state e ts .

’ Another problem consists of the Captain s c onnection D m n with uxbury . The new settle e t to which Myles Standish and others removed in 1 63 1 received the name D u and n i uxb ry ; , as has been i d cated , this was felt by

0 E S 5 MYL S STAND I H .

one i Capt . Myles was of the leading men n the new settle and m ment , was a member of a co mittee to ﬁx boundar ies and Du between Plymouth xbury , it does not necessarily follow that Duxbury in England was his birthplace or the

m . ma ho e of his family It y of course be obj ected , why should the name of the residence of a branch of the family no nn n n with which he had near co ection be chose , whe , one of n if he was the Ormskirk branch , there were ple ty of other names associated with his own lands that he might have been expected to prefer . d o This is no doubt a difﬁculty . We not know the reason of his preference . We cannot explain why Ormskirk not S l w in ll was chosen , or tandish , the vi lage hich his wi o of n he seems to imply was the h me his a cestors , as the i name of his new settlement n America . We are thrown back on the several suggestions already l m . ol co ir ent made , viz , error , etym ogy , mp n , a ong which we

oo o n n o . must ch se , or prop u d somethi g m re feasible We may take up the position that Myles had some connection with the English Duxbury still undetermined . Though m D S n i nor n neither a ember of the uxbury ta d shes , a claima t an i to y part of the r property, he may have been linked with the township in some other way . " t as S ndis Du im i, W his mother a ta h of xbury This is l i n and probable, for no a l ance betwee them the Ormskirk Standishes is mentioned in their deeds and in papers . Was she a member of some other family the n An lez ark n tow ship , the family of g for i stance , or that a D D stated n med uxbury A Captain uxbury, as already L fought in Flanders about the same time as Myles Standish . D u ma If there was a link of this sort , uxb ry y have been ’

l i n e . Myles s b irthp ace, though his nherita ce lay elsewh re Nor i i n r is this possib l ty ruled out , even if we i te pret ” the Standish of Standish phrase in his will strictly rather than parochially . It is often overlooked that the Standishes of the Peel or Park did not own the whole of u in u Duxb ry . There was fact another ho se in the town m ship called Duxbury Hall . It was the residence of a fa ily S S S 1 DESCENT FROM TAND I H OF STAND I H . 5

n D 1 2 beari g the surname, uxbury , and they sold it in 5 4, S di D e not to the tan shes of uxbury Manor, but , strang ly n u S S di e o gh , to the tandishes of tan sh , who held it as a dower house under the very nose of their relatives and 1 n rivals . Israel had a city in Philistia . This is mentio ed to shew how claims seemingly divergent and contrad ictory And might possibly be reconciled . also to indicate the n n intricacy of the whole questio , and the eed of local knowledge . Standi shes of Standi sh sometimes resided in D u in own Du uxb ry , but a house of their ; and xbury Standishes dwelt in Standish- with - Langtree in Bradley

Hall which belonged to themselves . The results of the researches rec orded ab ove may be compressed into a few sentences . The lands which Captain Myles Standish claimed in his will formed the estates of the Standish family of Ormskirk and it is natural to c on clud e m l n that he was a member of this fa i y, or of a bra ch i of it which had estates n the Isle of Man . was u n son He perhaps a grandson of H a , of Robert i ll li Standish of Ormskirk . Huan was n a probabi ty the same as the Huyu Standis h who held land in the Isle of in 1 0 and ma ur n Man 54 , either he or a son of his y have ret ed W i i to Lancashire , here , accord ng to Nathan el Morton ,

Myles was born . S n S i and Myles claimed descent from ta dish of tand sh , the meaning of his statement probably i s that the branch to which he belonged was founded or refounded by a u yo nger son from Standish Hall . The name Duxbury given to the settlement in Plymouth Colony where Captain Standish lived rai ses a very real

d i u . not and ffic lty If it was b estowed through error, o theref re an invalid claim ; and if etymology , spiritual affinity or complimentary reasons do not sufficiently n o nn accou t for it , then Myles had s me co ection with the l i D ndi . Lancash re uxbury stil u scovered He was not , i Du r did however the he r to the xbu y estates , and not ai cl m them or any part of them . l Earwak er Stand i sh Deed s 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 6 . See . 6 . , , 7 , 73 , 9 , 9 , 3 4 p 3 2 ES S D SH 5 MYL TAN I .

u It is possible, tho gh there is no evidence, that he was

D ur n . And born in uxb y, La cashire if so , this need not invalidate his claim to be descended from Standish of

Standish .

ENT T VE ED REE T A I P IG .

t (S anbisbof ﬁrmshirh

I LLI M S N IS of rms i r 1 W A TA D H O k k , 444

— H U GH STAN I S H of rms i r 1 1 8 D O k k, 43 7 4 3

GIL B E R S N I S of rms ir 1 02 T TA D H O k k , 5

R OB E R T STAN I S H of rms ir " ar aret ro t D O k k , M g C f 1 5 02 I I H OM A S STAN ISH : oanna OH N STAND ISH H UA N STAN ISH T D J J , D of rms i r 1 0 of the Isle O k k , 5 4 1 —1 Of Man 1 0 5 39 5 45 , 54

H UGH STA N DI S H from whom probably of rms i r escen e O k k , d d d — Y ES 1 566 1 6 06 CAPT . M L STAN DISH H T R C AP E V.

’ Longfellow s Courtship of Miles "

Standish ,

E R WITH SPECIAL RE FERENCE TO TH LANCASHI E ALLUSIONS . ONGFELLOW has drawn a portrai t of Myles Stan is h w d h , whic some regard with sorrow and even ith " i anger . And why Because it shews a hero wth weak nesses that excite laughter . S dis in in tan h , brave battle, is shy love, the more so i ar because , hav ng his russet be d already ﬂaked with

is i a . i snow, he fond of the youthful Prisc ll He is so nexpert e n hi s that h woos by deputy , forgetti g all about favourite “

i S . max m erve yourself , would you be well served n his n h And whe he is rej ected , and the deputy , frie d Jo n n ai off - Alde chosen , the Capt n goes like a hand grenade, and call s John a second Brutus . Su i n a ch a subj ect m ght i deed be tre ted ludicrously, but ’ i this is not Longfellow s way, at least in the op nion of the present writer .

Others have thought di fferently . It is da ngerous ” ke l u Dr . Mac nna e to la gh at a hero , says , in Hom s and ” ’ i a Haunts of the P lgrim Fathers, the valet s depreci tion l clings . The difference between Bradford and Longfel ow — — is simply this and in its result it is much Bradford gives us a heroic character with some amusing defects ;

Longfell ow paints a humourous person of innate nobility . u As was inevitable, the humo r has thrown the nobility ” into the shade . S l and n ure y this contrast is forced , the co clusion hardly just . Bradford writes in prose not poetry ; he certainly pourtrays Standish as a noble character . But where does he mention his amusing defects MY LES ST D SH 5 4 AN I .

’ Longfellow s purpose is different ; his touch is light ; al al he de s with one episode only , a tradition one in the ’ Captain s career . ’ But c an we honestly say Longfellow s portrait is that n i n of a humourous perso , even though we add of n ate nobility " No doubt there is room for variety of opinion ; but n n n l n n heroes are o e the less oble, certain y o e the less

e i i . credible, b cause they have the r human mperfections “ u The Courtship is a charming poem , and a serio s bu . n t one It has its laughable i cidents, it has also its

m n . m u great ome ts And the hu o r is Puritan humour . fun n and The element of is kept u der , respect for the ’ Captain s char acter is not lost sight of . n f l w o m Lo g e lo was c mme orating his own ancestors, l n i u A de and Prisc lla , but he does not exalt them overm ch ’ at the Captain s expense . The title was to have been ’ ll but Prisci a , as the poet s diary shews , the Captain coul d not be crowded out he is the most arresting ﬁgure in the piece . ’ One little laugh Priscill a all ows herself at the soldier s n and expe se , He is a little chimney, heated hot in a ” 1 n . i mome t But the j est is mmediately checked by Alden , he i and never repeated . S does ndeed say that he is ” i and u h m our n. old ro gh , and calls terrible Captai ’ ’ n o Alde s praise, however , is felt to b e the p et s own verdict on the character of Captain Standish

H e was a man of onour Of no le and enerous natur e h , b g ou h e was rou h e was in l sh e new h ow urin Th gh gh , k d y ; k d g

’ H e ha d atten e th e sic wit a han as entl e as woman s d d k , h d g S omew at ast and hot h e c oul not en it and ea stron h h y , d d y , h d g, Stern as a sol i er mi t be but ear t and laca le al wa s d gh , h y , p b y , N ot to be lau e at a nd scorne ecause he was little of gh d d , b

a nim ou l ra o For h e was rea t of eart m na ous c rt cou e us . g h g , y , g

” 1 hi es cri ti on of Stan is a li ttle chi mne soon re is T s d p d h, y ﬁ d , ’ r s Hi s r o N ew En land from Hubba d to y f g . MONUMENT TO M Y LES STANDISH , R D U"BU Y , U . S . A.

6 ES S D S 5 MYL TAN I H .

nn - n in En n n ma er of old fashioned ge try gla d , maki g j ests l for n and at himse f forgetti g his favourite adage , for expecting to gather cherries at Christmas . n o n him The the pe ple crowd arou d , rej oicing to behold again the sun- burnt face of their Captain whom they m u i had o rned as dead . Their j oy and h s popularity are n u and so great , that , wo derf l to relate , even the bride bridegroom are forgotten " What ﬁ ner proof could there b e of the respect and love with which the poet regarded his hero " In prose as well as verse Longfellow expresses his esteem I ’ S n . n n and Co . s n for ta dish the preface to Ke t editio ,

' 1 8 8 n wn n b the 5 , he says , Another lady, k o to us o ly y n m ar him mortiﬁc ation a e of Barb a , consoled for this by accepting the hand of one of the greatest and noblest men whom Providence raised up to ﬁght the battle of liberty o and n in the Old W rld , to lay the social fou dation of the

New . Some have even blamed Longfellow for originating the ’ i . Mc Kn ht story of the Captai n s proposal Mr . g ascribes it to poetic licence . i t n m But is evide t that , as Longfellow hi self states , he used a current tradition . The earliest reference to it ’ “ n n appears in the Rev . Timothy Alde s Collectio of ” American Epit aphs and I nscriptions published in 1 81 2

1 . . . 26 . 4, vol III p 5 From this source it was quoted by Davis in a note to ’ ’ d n o n En n al the second e itio of M rto s New gla d s Memori ,

u s n 1 826 . 26 . an u n p blished in Bo to , , p 3 He calls it am si g ’ i traditionary anecdote . Davis s note was copi ed n a shortened form in later editions of Morton and thus obtained m u . o wide publicity This abbreviated f r , c rrent when wr : Longfellow ote, is as follows i re tan is There i s a tradit ona ry a nec dote lative to Capt . S d h Th e la wh o h a ai ne h e aﬁ ectio a nd his fri end J ohn Alden . dy d g d t ns o n l e of th e Captain i s sai d to have been Priscilla Mulli ns . J h A d n was sent to ma e ro osals i n e al Of Standi s . The messe n er k p p b h f h g , t ou a il rim was t en oun an d comel and the la ex h gh p g , h y g y , dy ress e h er re erence the uestion rit ee o n wh d o p d p f by q , P h , J h , y E ’S C SH ” LONGF LLOW OURT IP . 5 7

’ ou not s eak for ou rself The a tain s o e was las te y p y C p h p b d, a nd the frank Overtu re soon ended in the marria ge of J ohn Al d eii a nd riscilla Mulli ns rom w om it is sai are es c en e all of the P , f h d , d d d “ name of Alden i n th e U nited States . no not in The story may have basis in fact , but it is i . ou S n n credible In the article Myles ta dish , the Enc clo e dia B rita nnica 1 1 th edi u y p , tion , it is s ggested i that there was no t me for the episode , inasmuch as ’ S n wi su tandish s seco d fe , Barbara , must have been m moned to Plymouth a year before the marriage of John

Alden to Priscilla Mullins . n No doubt Lo gfellow leaves Barbara out of account , ’ and the Captai n s second marriage may have preceded

the wedding of John and Priscill a . Nevertheless in the interval between the death of Rose ( 1 621 ) and the arrival of Barbara there was time n for a passing infatuatio such as the tradi tion mentions . The embellishment of the tradi tion by the statement that the Captain never forgave his friend to the day of his death is rightly dismissed by Davis in the note referred n and n to above . Sta dish Alde both removed to Duxbury n r i where they were ear neighbou s, and their ch ldren

intermarried . ’ The poet s family interest in the subj ect - matter is indicated in his letter to Charles Sumner dated July 1 0 m new 1 8 8 . u S i 5 I wrote you ab o t y poem , Miles tand sh , founded on the well- known adventure of my maternal ’ n l n . a cestor , John Alden The heroi e s name is Prisci la ; and and in so you have the chief characters, the chief cid ent before you— taking it for granted that you remember ” 2 the tradi tional anecdote . ’ The poet s di ary shews that he wrote the ﬁrst scene in Courtshi i n n n m the p, which he or gi ally i te ded to be a dra a ,

D 2 1 8 6 . on ecember , 5 n i w nn Lo g before th s , riters had begun to co ect Myles En D o n e with the glish uxbury , and s metimes co found d

2 Pre ace to ill ustrate e ition of th e oem u li s e Sam son f d d p , p b h d by p

Low . . , p 9 ES 5 8 MYL STAND ISH. the Standish Hall branch of the Standish family with the n u i Duxbury Park bra ch . A pict re n one illustrated edition Of the Courtship gives Duxbury Park and calls 1 S n . D n to n d n it ta dish Hall avis in his otes Morto , isse ts from an older writer who in 1 793 said that Duxbury in America was probably so named because it signiﬁed ’ l l n n . com ir ent was m Captai s tow The p n we l erited , but it is doubtful whether among such a people it would ” D o or . u n have been prop sed admitted avis , q oti g from o D u i MS . t u n m n a , refers xb ry as the ame of the fa ily seat u n u o u Englan d . Why sho ld he thi k s ch a pe ple wo ld m m n but u m m n not co pli e t their leader , wo ld allow a co pli e t to ancestral property n n oun m n Agai , Alexa der Y g said Fro his givi g the name of Duxbury to the t own where he settled I have no doubt Miles was a descendant Of this ancient and ” 2 And . n r 1 8 0 warlike stock he otes as he w ites this ( 4 , December that the death of Frank Hall Standish of i Du u En n n u n . xb ry , gla d , appears the j o r als n e m n n con A oth r allusion of a so ewhat i cohere t kind , in D nec t g Myles with the uxbury estates , appears in a ’ " ' footnote to the 1 855 edition Of Morton s New England s ’

o n . n Mem rial , published at Bosto Sta dish s desceu n m u in o dants are very u ero s the Old C lony and elsewhere. Duxborou h n E i It is said , g have a ma or in ngland as the r of n and m in right inherita ce , has for a long ti e been held 3 abeyance for the heirs at law . Moreover it is increasingly clear that the association

n n . S n m in 1 8 6 of the desce da ts of Capt ta dish , for ed 4 n to s in E n to i vestigate their right estate ngla d, had spread abroad their hasty c onclusions long before Longfellow

on u . e 1 began to write the s bj ect S e page 8 . There c an be little doubt that Longfellow had hear d u t of the cas al researches at Chorley . The Cour ship was

1 1 8 26 c d . . 2 6 . , p 3 3 le 2 n . hron i c s d ed . 1 2 . C , , p 5 3 i l rim Fathers 1 2n P g , 7 . ’ LONGFELLOW S COURTSHIP . 5 9

n and n in 1 8 8 and in an d of . ﬁ ished pri ted 5 , e ition this i and u s n and . n e other poems , p bli hed by Ke t Co the sam ar u o ur n i ye , there is a woodc t of Ch rley Ch ch for fro t spiece, i shewing the Stan d sh ar ms on the exterior . Under the

- n n . wood cut is pri ted Chorley Old Church , La cashire ”

u S ndi . n The b rial place of the ta shes The preface, evide tly “ n f n : o of by Lo g ellow, begi s This p em rests on a basis and n n no m historical truth , after me tio ing table me bers S n : S o of the ta dish family states Miles tandish , the her o m n n un o of this p e , was the desce da t of a yo ger br ther of ai this valiant race . The cl m to the Duxbury estates i r i is not mentioned n the preface no n the poem . But u of u by the pict re Chorley Ch rch , as well as by the tracing ’ of Myles Standish s descent to the Duxbury Standish es in m in o nn on n n S the poe , cl se co ecti with his me tio of tan “ n ' dish as heir u to vast estates , of which he was basely u e n o e o in u defra d d , Lo gfell w help d to ro t the p blic mind a closer connecti on between Myles and the English Duxbury than is warranted by the clai ms made by the i Capta n in his will . We have already sought to show that the view taken by those who regard Myles as right heir of the Duxbury estates is untenable (see page ar n n not a but The gume ts eed be repe ted here , briefly it may be noted that Myles did not claim Duxbury i n the n n n will , while the la ds he did claim have bee ide tified as o the estate of another branch . The best wal of the nam e Duxbury on his New England town must be explained in was n some other way . Perhaps it a complime t to one n S n s w n n maj or li e of ta dishe , ith the seco dary reaso that ’ : the word itself signifies Captain s t own . Or some w n and E Du other link bet ee Myles the nglish xbury existed , and remains und iscovered .

PERSEDE E GREE A SU D P DI . When Longfellow makes Alden say that Myles could r n un o un trace his pedig ee plai ly , he used the most f rt ate word in the poem . W hy did he not say proudly S 6 0 MYLES STAND I H .

P roud claims of long descent are quite reconcilable with vague genealogies . But plainly to trace his pedigree back to famous ancestors was probably what Myles could on and n not do , however str g true his co viction that he n derived descent from Standish of Standish . Lo gfellow makes him able to draw his family tree “ back to Hugh n Du u n En n Sta dish , of xb ry Hall , in La cashire , gla d , who was the son of Ralph and the grandson of Thurston de

Standish . This was the Standish pedigree current when Long l w and fe lo wrote , was supposed to account for the origin 1 of the two leading branches of the family . Thurstan d e S in . tandish , it was believed , lived the reign of Henry III , and was the ﬁrst known Standish . Ralph was supposed n n to be his son . The two so s of Ralph were co sidered to be n the progenitors of the two maj or bra ches, his eldest surviving son Jordan being the continuator of the stock S n and u at ta dish Hall , a yo nger son Hugh the originator n of the Duxbury bra ch. The worst of pedigrees is that they are apt to change as new material is discovered . A deed supposed to be dated

n . n n u S a 6 He ry III , which me tio ed a Th rstan de t ndish , n re— m n 6 has bee exa i ed , and the date is found to be Henry 8 . n n 1 2 VI This brings Thursta dow to 4 , and puts him i ” out of the ear ly ped gree altogether . l o n Of Ra ph , the father of Hugh and J rda , was lord nd 1 2 6 not n Sta ish in 4 , but this Hugh was the fou der of D S n 1 288 w the uxbury ta dishes, for he died before hereas u S n D n n H gh de ta dish of uxbury, the fou der of that bra ch , n son of was livi g much later , and was a Robert de Haydock , n t n n rector of Standish . It has o yet bee determi ed how u ﬁr S n Dux e this H gh , the st ta dish of bury, was relat d to the St andishes of Standish . Possibly his mother was one of them .

1 ’ ’ n l s 1 2 - 6 u ti n r mm Y ou s hroni c e o B u e s o oners . g C , 5 , q g k C 2 ’ r S nd i sh D eed s I . Dr Part er s orr Earwak e ta . c ecte co an , , d y d p ,

ockersand hartular Vol . . r n . C C y , II , 5 4 ’ ” LONGFELLOW S COURTSHIP . 6 1

The progenitors in the corrected pedi gree are as follows the ﬁrst three memb ers of the Standi sh of Stan dish famil y 1 206 son are Ralph , living , Alexander his , Ralph , son of Alexander ; the three earliest known members of the Standish of Duxbury line are Hugh de Standish (de Hay ’ d ock 1 00 R l ) , l ving 3 , William his son , ichard , Wil iam s t i rother .

T E VAS ESTAT S.

‘ ’ n John Alde , pleading his friend s cause with Priscilla , as n describes the Captain Heir u to vast estates , of which n n he was basely defrauded . Lo gfellow is echoi g the m in words of Morton, who says He was a Gentle an , born La ncashire - n n E , and was Heir Appare t u to a great state

n and i u o . of La ds Liv ngs, s rreptitiously detained fr m him ’ Thus Morton expan ds the statement in the Captain s will . n D in The vast ess of the uxbury estate, if that is m a tended by the poet , see s to have had a peculiar fascin tion 1 8 6 0 for some minds . The association formed in 4 ’ recover the estate for the Captain s descendants were n e thusiastic on the subj ect . The prop erty r n comprises la ge tracts of rich farming lands, i cluding al m ne i 1 00 000 several co i s , and produces a yearly ncome of £ , l or more . We may p ay q y comp ar e this spirit with n im in 1 61 that of the origi al Pilgr s , who 7 rej ected the idea ul i e that they sho d em grate to Guiana , the ﬁrst plac n suggested , because it was supposed to contai gold , and 2 gold might be a temptation . Another echo of the vast estates was heard on 1 1 8 1 n August 7, 7 , whe ground was consecrated in the En New gland Duxbury for the Standi sh monument . S n Of General arge t , the orator of the day, spoke the hand Of fraud having defaced a p arish register in order to defeat ’ n E n - l the Captai s title to lands in ngland, the re t ro l of i ” which is half a mill on per annum . Thus does the precious

1 ’ Vi et. C . Hi s . L nes 1 a s o t a . 20 nd ut or MSS . , VI , 93 , 9 , A h 2 m P i l ri Fathers . . g , p 9 6 2 ES S MYL TAND ISH .

‘ metal, tabooed by our fathers , become the totem of their c hildren.

John Alden evidently thought Priscilla susceptible to in i n the charms of heraldry so , praising the Capta , he r ecited sonorously that Myles “ S l ti l bore the family arms, and had for his crest a n cock arge t , om and and all C bed wattled gules , the rest of the

blazon . Longfellow is here carrying out the ide ntiﬁcation of wi Myles th the Duxb branch . He gives the crest

' c but c oul d not orrectly , why omit the arms , unless he as readily express them in his hexameters " The arms are “ u n n d n and n Az re , three sta di g ishes , arge t Alde , as a d u i m ep ty wooer , might have made n ce play with the fa ily n motto Constant e tout . If the poet had preferred to connect Myles with the O m l n lder fa ily, thus fol owing out the claim of desce t from ’ S ndi S n n in ta sh of ta dish co tained the Captain s will , he would have given the crest as An owl with a rat in its ” c . laws , proper n S h di n The arms of the older li e, able, t ree stan g dishes ” f D argent , di fer from those of the uxbury branch only in the colour of the shield . The Standish of Standish motto “ l iss J e desire . W hen Longfellow speaks Of a pedigree that went back to Hugh Standish of Duxbury Hall he i s guilty of an n a nachronism . The ma or house was not called by that name until the eighteenth century at the earliest ; i t was anc iently known as The Peel . The word signiﬁes a fortiﬁed

and . house or stronghold , Chaucer uses it God save the i 1 lady of this pel occurs n House of Fame. 1 Thomas Standish of the Peel is mentioned in 508 . ’ The map accompanying the 1 637 edition of Camden s B ritannia S w D ho s The Pele of uxbury , and the map of “ ” the 1 605 edition still calls the house The Pele . The 1 . 220. III ,

64 MYLES STAND ISH .

n S n o b n o Captai tandish was, accordi g to Past r Ro i s n, ” 1 of a warm temper . Twice at least Longfellow explains this as a racial c haracteristic of the Standishes . Under the taunts of the I ndians at W eymouth Myles displayed a calmness c om m n hr n . The me ded by the c o iclers savages the selves , i S O saw n . And however , killed bservers , the ﬁre his eyes at the ripe moment there was an outbreak

All th e h ot loo of hi s race of Sir Hu and of hurston d e b d , gh T Stan is d h , B oile and eat in hi s eart and swelle in the eins of hi s d b h , d v ” le temp s . n n and on u Agai , at the weddi g the reconciliati , he exc sed his former anger against Alden by saying : Mi ne is th e same h ot blood that l eap ed in the v eins of Hugh

Standish .

Possibly the poet is drawing his bow at a venture . There n of ho u in n n and was ple ty t blood abo t a cie t days, it was pretty safe to attribute it to any of the Old families . Never thel ess o u to n n . , the p et was tr er fact tha he k ew The temperature of the Standish-es was generally a little above m o m . o nc u u u nor al The vari us bra hes s pplied n ero s s ldiers, and the pare nt stock had standing feuds with their neigh

u Lan trees and n n . bo rs , the g the La gto s One on n 1 affray took place at Wigan Black Mo day, 479, between the Standishes on the one side and Langtons and on n Gerards the other , the latter party havi g to pay monetary compensation to the former for the grett 2 Offence and hurte and blody stroks they had suffered . In of e l n fact , the history the family , esp cial y duri g the n u and i Fre ch Wars , the Revol tion , the Jacob te period , is a hi story of hot bloo d . The Puritan branch at Duxbury was not exempt from l n i i W ar h . on S t is trait Col e Richard ta d sh , of the Civ l ou n own n period , .c ld shew it eve to his party whe his will in 1 6 1 . n n was crossed An i cide t is related of him 5 , when

1 Pi l ri m Fathers 2 g , 3 7 . 2 Earwak er Stand i sh D eed s 1 62 1 6 . , , 7 ' S C TS ” LONGFELLOW OUR HIP . 65

e t e a li a he counted out c r ain du s to a p r amentarian gent , n Own the swept back into his pocket part of the money, i i w him and e i to say ng t was o ing to , deﬁ d the comm ssary 1 send any rascals to distrain his good s

When Longfellow painted the portrai ts of his Pilgrims he did indeed di p his brush into the glowing colours of ir a ination u n g , but he also used the more sober and ne tral i shades found in the chronicles of wasted time . H s i ’ m details as to the Capta n s home, dress , ar s , books , a n n e all e appe ra ce, temper , ge tlen ss, may nearly be trac d to n r some rec ord or tradition . The allusio s to B ar iffe and ’ Caesar are suggested by the inventory of the soldier s 2 his . goods , taken after death ’ ' John Alden s summing - up of the traits in Standish s n character is glea ed from the pages of Bradford and Morton . ’ The re- filling of the rattlesnake s skin (the act of the S s Governor, not of tandish) is described by Win low and by Morton . The brazen howitzer planted high on the roof of the church is also from the Chronicles . w Pecksuot Si n s The fight ith , his nister parable of the k ive , ’ n the Captain s calmness under the taunts of the India s , i ’ l and his v ctory over the boaster, are in Winslow s Re a tion as is also the setting- up on the meeting - house W ituwa at i fort of the head of m , an incident which , accord ng i a f Pr scill a . to Long ellow, excited the horror of If there is one book more than another to which Long ’ fellow stands indebted it is Young s Chronicles . Much of his material was derived from the text and notes of this compilation . i It is easy enough to find anachron sms in the poem, the action of which is supposed to begin in the Spring and end in n the Autumn of 1 621 . By poetic lice ce many things which happened later in the real history of the colony 1 Cal. Com. om I . 6 C p , , 39 . 2M a lower D escend ant 1 yf , III ., 55 . ‘ i l ri m Fathers 2 2 - 0 P g , 77, 49 ; 53 ; 3 5 33 . LES S SH MY TAND I .

are included in this Short space . The Puritans would

- . n hardly have called their meeti g house a church , and moreover it was not built until S n an man It is unlikely that ta dish was old at 37, with i ” ’ h s b eard ﬂaked with patches of snow . The poet s account of his expedition agai nst the Indians of Weymouth ’

r n o Rela tion. is taken f om Wi sl w s It took place in March , 1 62 1 621 n and en n 3 , not in the year the Captai his m we t

and . in a boat there, not on foot The fight with the “ chiefs did not take place in the open . ’ not in 1 621 Priscilla s wedding was the autumn of , but occurred about three years later ; and in the meantime ar n ar in the ' c olon B bara , who married the Captai , rived y in “ ’ Ra horn no - u n g , the s w white b ll that had fallen to Alde s i not n h i n . allotment , was give to m in t me for the weddi g o in 1 62 and According to Bradf rd , the first cattle came 4, at first belonged to the whole colony . They were not distributed until 1 627 . n n n Other discrepa cies have already bee me tioned . But it is surely too much to say that Longfellow has marred his poem by inaccuracies and anachronisms which detract ” 1 from its vrais emblance . f The poem is full O local colour . Phrases from the pil grim chronicles skilfully interwoven create an atmosphere fairly true and consistent . in n The poet deals with episodes a free ma ner , but never assumes the same measure of licence as Sir Walter in Pev eril Scott , who of the Peak makes the Countess

D no n n . of erby , really a Hugue t , i to a strict Roma Catholic In the main he is faithful to the records and if we ﬁnd him mistaken in some of his references to the Lancashire n Sta dishes , it is because he was misled by authorities whom he imagined he could trust .

1 Pi l rim Fathers . g , 5 3 2 P m h rs 8 2 i l ri Fa t e . g , 5 , 77 3 s in n . B ri My les Standi h E cy t. 4 les Stan i s D i ct. N a t. B i o . My d h, g T R I CHAP E V . k Duxbury Par . OR i i the daughter of the gods, div nely fa r , {many SO drew swords and died . Tennyson phrases it ; hav e an but estates as well as fair ladies may jm y suitors . D i uxbury is the very Helen of Lancash re halls, with a long lis t of militant claiman ts . al W ib i The casu visitor , who can ithout respons il ty n w i s e j oy its charms, and who knows that o nersh p implie i ma u i ma ntenance, y consider that the stately ho se w th its emeral d lawns is like Meredi th ’s ladylove sweeter e unpossessed . But many have de med otherwise . a n i Comparatively spe king , all we t merry as a marr age n Sir S ndi 1 81 2 b ell u til Frank ta sh died in , and the male m line and the baronetcy lapsed . Then applicants ca e from

n t . the or h and the south , from the east and the west On - r are i both sides of the Atlantic to day , the e those who th nk if s in that , justice was done, they would b e en conced D power and state at uxbury. About a mile and a half south of Chorley stands the l - rr . mansion , su ounded by a we l wooded park To the west of the house the little River Y arrow goes gurgling n an d - ll e alo g its leafy valley the age long mi , mention d in 1 6 n n l is far 34 , and worki g u ti recently, not away . as is u i n The Hall faces e t , and a sp acio s build g some 0 in D i 8 feet length , with a oric portico wh le north and south wings run backward 90 feet or more . The walls were faced with large blocks of ashlar gritstone in 1 828 ; n but even behi nd this covering they are substa tial . At the entrance they are three feet thick an d there are huge s hi n l i stone w ch would probably belong to an ancie t bui d ng . Part of the present house dates back to the sixteenth

ur ar . cent y, if not e lier Work of that period is to b e seen 6 8 ES S S MYL TAND I H .

n in the cellars, which were probably the grou d ﬂoor of the old ﬁre- and e n hall for they have places mullion d wi dows , u now bricked p , below the ground level ; while outside h n 1 0 n t ere is a sto e drain feet below the prese t surface . The white marble staircase in the Hall i s very handsome and i n . i i n mposi g It is c rcular shape, with a diameter of

6 6 n on . 3 feet i ches, and is the cantilever principle This u 200 m stair is probably abo t years old in work anship . If i n 1 828 n S d l introduced by Fra k Hall tan ish , who ﬁ led the s a hou e with art tre sures , it may have been transferred f from elsewhere . The walls o the stair are decorated with paintings of the Sea sons . n i n e h aﬂi xed An i terest ng sto e pan l, per aps once to the n exterior of the house , has b een brought i side, and care

e n n . S . fully pr served by the reside t ow er of the estate, P Es S n Mayhew, q: This panel b ears the arms of ta dish of i n Si x i W in ﬁel Letherin Duxbury quarters, mpaling g d of g ha ili m, surmounted by the crests of these fam es and the date 1 623 and has reference to the marriage of Thomas

Dux MP . n w Standish of bury, afterwards for Presto , ith l Anne W ingﬂe d . The front windows of the house command ﬁne views n of the Anglez ark moors a d uplands . At this time the ’ n n u house co tained some valuable painti gs, including M rillo s ” 1 Ecce Homo . Such is the fair paradise after which so many peris have longed . Sir Frank Standish having died intestate and without

1 81 2 . E Du issue in , Mr Baker , of llesmere Hall , near rham, took possession of the Duxbury estates in the name of his

n n i . ward, Fra k Hall, who was the a boy of th rteen S nd of o A certain Thomas ta ish Blackr d , a weaver, i and Sir claimed to be the right he r , assumed the title of n n Thomas . The prese t writer has had the loa of a very di w elaborate pe gree , illustrated ith coats of arms , which m n . S n was used by the claima t It shows that Tho as ta dish ,

1 M nsions Lancs I. . wycross a , , 45 T , DU"B URY PARK. 69

1 6 i al baptised at Blackrod , 7 3 , is the undoubted he r m e by the will of Alexander Standish of Duxbury (died Sir al n l who married a daughter of R ph Ashto , of Whal ey Abbey id d n A e by about a hu dred collier friends , Thomas D P 1 81 Standish went to uxbury ark on June 4, 3 , and

i n i ff. n es d spossessed the reside t ba li The Preston co stabl , W ho n in i the were se t for , prov g too weak to dr ve out i a er nvaders , a troop of horse soldiers came from M nchest the next day and took the garrison prisoners Thomas Stan dish and some of his lea ding friends were indicted for ’ and n i i riot , sente ced to a year s mpr sonment at Lancaster

ar s e his rs For some time afterw d , howev r , sympathise in ar i in made demonstrations the p k , and v sited the at

Yarrow Bridge to drink to his b etter fortune. These carousals were known as Duxbury Races and Yarrow r a set l win Bridge Fair , and some local lau e te the fol o g verse to a popul ar tune From Wiga n the constables brave di d repai r To Duxbury Races and Y arrow B ri dge Fair To keep our tru e landl ord our efforts did fail e carri e ir o to Lan er ai l Th y d S Th mas cast J . ’ B ut we ll fetch him bac k H e nothi ng shall lack . And in s ite of th e law ers a nd Mas ter Fran Hall p y k , i rr r ll H e shal l ride n his ca iage to Duxbu y Ha . ’ e Of e Three weeks after the siege, anoth r party "u en s Bays had to come to Chorley for the further safety of Duxbury Park ; and they remained in the vicinity from

June until September . On September 5 in the following 1 81 S m year , 4, the Orange ociety fro Wigan went to Chorley to meet Thomas Standish on his release from Lancaster

S l r e S i ome e even yeas lat r , a Thomas tand sh , probably m man i e the sa e, but a wiser and a sadder , essayed the nt r n i v e t on of the law rather than the arbitrament of force .

1 reston Gua rdi an une 1 th 1 01 M anchester it N ews P , J 5 , 9 ; C y , 8 Ma 6th 1 8 Old W i an Wi an ser er ce 0. 286. y , 3 g , g Ob v Ofﬁ , N ES ST S 70 MY L AND I H .

He served ej ectments on the tenants and was under I b terms to try the issue . n O j ection to the bill of claim an n in 2 1 82 ﬁled by him , a swer was put on April , 5, by S his Mr . Frank Hall tandish , who had case prepared and m witnesses in readiness . Tho as Standish claimed to be n a desce dant of a direct line, but very remotely . After i n he hav ng brought his case i to Court , was obliged to m u ﬁ n abandon it fro ins f cie cy of proof . On n m S n in givi g up his case, Tho as ta dish formed the m i . s n Ire on er claimants next to be dealt w th (Messrs Jack o , g 4 i and Carr) of the r rights , and told them they were in fact 1 the rightful descendants .

Nearly 20 years after Mr . Frank Hall entered into

s . po session , a Mr Jackson put forward his claim , based n ar S upon his desce t from Anne, daughter of Rich d tandish ,

Dux 1 6 S n . of bury , who in 73 married tephe Radley m e e and i n . e Mr Jackson ade his ntri s ssued his ej ctme ts,

“ but in consequence of an informality in the proceedings they were advised to b e abandoned . n The Mr . Jackson mentio ed above j oined with others n a un 1 8 n n in submitti g a c se to co sel in 35 , i tending to bri g the qu es tion to issue by Writ of Right Should counsel think there were fair hopes of success . Mr . Jackson claimed and mal that the estate descended to him, two other fe e branches of the descendants of Anne (Standish) Radl ey . Colonel William Iremonger was also associated with n m n Ann Mr . Jackso ; he clai ed desce t by his mother , Du sseaux r Iremon er Ann ei , who mar ied Joshua g , this b ng

- a great granddaughter of Anne (Standi sh) Radl ey . The third male claimant who j oined forces with these others was Mr . Standi sh Carr . He was descended from S Sir m Margaret tandish , daughter of the ﬁrst Tho as

nd s D Sir m e in 1 6 . Sta i h , of uxbury, which Tho as di d 74 in 1 2 His daughter Margaret married , ﬁrst , 7 7, a William

. Y Es . Wombwell , of Wombwell , co ork , q , who died and

Darﬁeld 21 1 . ar was buried at , July , 733 M garet , his

1 ' errer s tan i s of Du ur a ers . Dr . F S d h xb y p p

1 D U"BURY PARK. 7

Y a e i i a co. widow, was m rri d at Fr ckley w th Cl yton , _ ork ,

De 1 n i . on cember 5 , 734, to A thony Hall, of K rkby ’

u l . Margaret s da ghter, Anne Ha l , married the Rev

. S di h a . Ralph Carr, grandfather of Mr tan s Carr , the claim nt The case of these associated claimants against Frank Hall (who had meanwhile delivered a pedi gree into the College of Arms and by Royal Licence assumed the name S al t e of tandish) was , that hough he might b e descend d n from the A thony Hall who married Margaret Wombwell, r S n i h f n n fo merly ta d s , yet he was the o fsp ri g of A thony i r was S n i by a former un on , and the efore not of the ta d sh blood

' They did not doubt that the ﬁrst Anthony had another son of the same name by Margaret , but contended that this Anthony went to These claims were under discussion when Frank Hall

S 1 8 0 . S n tandish died in 4 and Mr ta dish Carr , one of the - his above mentioned claimants, was ﬁnally adjudged to be u u S l rightf l s ccessor , taking the surname tandish in ieu of his family name . i a It s rem rkable that Mr . Standish Carr disputed the

‘

. n S nd right of Mr Fra k Hall ta ish while the latter lived , but allowed him and his branch the place they had claimed i 1 0 in the fam ly pedigrees published after 84 . In view of the complai nts made by later disputants that Chorley Register was defaced to defea t the title of the i is rightful he r , it interesting to read that the associated claimants of 1 835 made a similar assertion about the Stan i f . ne o dish Register In con ction w th the baptism Thomas , Sir S i D son of Richard and Margaret tand sh , of uxbury , at S di - : tan sh Church , on January 9, they say It is a curious circumstance that this register has b een cut S i n a out of the tand sh books, and was fou d mong the returns from that parish to Chester [Diocesan Regis try] . i i The next scene in the drama was the v s t of Mr. Bromley i n 1 8 6 on l s n to Chorley 4 , b eha f of the American de cenda ts l of Captai n Myles Standish . This has a ready been describ ed 1 8- 22 at length on pages . ES S I 7 2 MYL TAND SH .

But it was written in the book of fate that twice W ithin a century Duxbury Park should be the scene of a Siege and

e . S 1 8 1 r capture In eptember , 9 , a part of the estate was

ff d . s o ere for sale at Chorley The Carrs, as we have een , m ai ur had clai ed against the Halls ; and now cl mants, p i port ng to represent the Halls , were ready to dispute with li . . l n lai i the Carrs Mr Wil am Ha l , of Wiga , c m ng some

i F S n , who 1 8 0 connection w th rank Hall ta dish died in 4 , protested against the sale, and stated that he would press his claim to the property. The trustees at that time were

. ar . S ai . Colonel Paulet , Mr Cl ence G incl r , Mr James, a

o and . . S S n . London s licitor , Mr G Felix tandish i clair

Mr . James stated that the property had been held 50 yea rs ﬁ by the then owners , and that was a suf cient guarantee of title .

l . a w . S . Mr . H l , however , ith his solicitor , Mr C Yates , of m en Liverpool, acco panied by ten m , went to the Park , u which had not been occupied for abo t ten years, and took

S 28th. n n possession on eptember The te a ts of the estate , ’ n led by the steward , surrounded the Hall ; and the claima t s i party barricaded themselves in the present bill ard room . ff r ee n After a sti fight , they we e ej ected, and legal proc di gs resulted . E n u ri of old ve yet , occasionally, the smo lde ng fires i an d r memories and old des res are stirred, the e is a little n e smoke . About ine years ago the pres nt writer saw ffi o i S a xed to the do r of the par sh church of tandish , a printed notice stating that the Duxbury estates were about to be taken into possession by the gentleman who published the notice . There are other stories which cannot be i ne i published wthout betraying confidence . O cla mant m in n all of who we have heard, who lived Londo , carried u e the papers appertaining to the s bj ct in his hat , and would not let anybody see them . On these varied claims one does not pretend to ad j ud i c r i cate, lest one should be a cused of those se v le motives d i 1 w e . which Mr . Goo n attributed to the r ctor of Chorley

1 e Pag 1 9. D U"B URY PARK. 73

it sufﬁce to say that if the fair mansion were parcelled m o not one o u u a ong all its suit rs , st ne wo ld be left pon another ; while if the ancient demesne were simil ar ly would hardly be allocated to each space en ough for a garden of herbs .

A II CH PTER V .

Standish Hall .

E a S ndi n ncient home of the ta shes , however lacki g al n n r in architectur u ity , has a certai pictu esque m n beauty . The very co mi gling of styles is reminiscent of the passing centuries and the chan ging fortunes of the family . The most attractive feature in its appearance is the old and n u black white sixtee th century portion , with its q atre foil ornamentation . The wi ndows here have diamond n shaped panes the upper wi dow is of great length , having n no less than nineteen li ghts . This middle wi g was 1 E S an i probably built about 575 , for a deed of dward t d sh of thi s date makes mention of his new mansion house . S of a - n outh the h lf timber wing sta ds the private chapel , a seventeenth century brick building decorated with a turret and a clock . On the other Side of the old part is n m a brick wi g, probably of the sa e date as the chapel , and west of this wing a later section whi ch is now the S ou - a principal part of the house . A p t he d here bears the date 1 748 and the ini tials of Ralph Standish and his second

n i m n u . wife, Mary , i d cating the ti e of some reco str ction Further west still is an eighteenth century addition of one o - storey only, on which there is a sp ut head with the date

1 822 and the initials of Charles Standi sh . n a l n and n ai I side, some ﬁne p ne li g wainscoti g still rem n, and e al n s ver interesti g doors ; the great hall , however , na 6 1 now u a origi lly 3 feet by 7 feet , is q ite ltered and

m om . odernised , being used as a billiard ro One b edroom , l oak ﬁne n n fully panel ed in , has a ﬁreplace i cludi g a large S n a plaster shield with the ta dish arms , in ten qu rters , n n and crest . There are two sple di d carved oak ma tel r o n f pieces , brought f om B rwick Hall , ear Carn orth , by S 76 MYLE STAND ISH .

ll S m n l o of Wi iam tandish , who arried Cecilia Bi d ss , Bor m l in . e n wick One of thes ante s is the old drawi g room , to the right of the entrance. It contains a Shield of the S ar n u n ar n and tu t sovereigns , i cl di g the ms of Fra ce ; the other panel has the ar ms of Bindloss of Borwick impaling

Eltofts with the date 1 603 . The second mantel is in the n study and shows the royal arms differently blazo ed , and the coat of Bindloss impaling Dalton. The reprehensible custom of removing oak carving has resul ted in loss as S i o Townele well as gain to tand sh Hall , for there is a do r at y n m S di a n Hall , Burnley, evide tly taken fro tan sh , be ri g the initials of Ralph and Alice Harrington Standi sh and the date 1 530. a i al o The ch pel, long d sused , is f ling into decay, th ugh the classic altar - piece with Tuscan columns bears witnes s to its former ornamentation. There is an old bal ustraded gallery at the west end A window from a room formerly n used by the priest looks down into the chapel . O the south wall are two pieces of moulded oak of old date, but a Spout - head bears the initials of Ralph and Mary Standish

was i St. and the date 1 742 . The chapel ded cated to r n n was Ma ie of the An u ciation, and used by the Roman

Catholics until their new church was bui lt in 1 884.

There was originally a moat encircling Standi sh Hall . m n n 1 61 1 ai a n ﬁl It is e tio ed in , and is s d to h ve bee led up in Standish Hall was the par ent home of several famous m S nd u e fa ilies of the ta ishes , s ch as those who s ttled at

D u ar and S . uxb ry P k, at Arley, Burgh , choles This remote homestea d among the woods by the waters of the Douglas is the birthplace of a name that has crossed the narrow - o and the broad sea s . From beneath its ro ftree have come men n O ﬁ in S who have take high f ce church and tate, n n o n bishop and ca o , knight and sheriff, s me wieldi g a mighty sword and some the mightier pen .

1 V . O. H . Lanes . 62 , VI , 4 .

1 - Mannex M id Lanes 1 . , , 77

S S TANDI H HALL. 77

n In these days , whe France, the old enemy, has become ri en a fast f end, it is noteworthy that the pres t head of this ancient house has made his home in a land where once S i n Ralph de tand sh, in the bodyguard of the Black Pri ce, ri o fleur- — waved a t umphant brand ab ve the fallen de lys . S di And Myles tan sh, the doughty captain of Plymouth , whose iron will won for his sons a bi rthright more sure n i hi tha his lost lands in Lancash re, when he lay dying , as s S s will how , looked back with pride to the early cradle of ai S S his race and cl med descent from tandish of tandish . ni n of n What is the mea g this ame, the fame of which has been carried so far afield "The latter part of the word Standi sh is probably the Anglo- Saxon term for park or t i l e pas ure , wh ch is sti l pres rved in eddish , meaning n aftermath . Professor Wyld thi ks that the first part of the name signifies stony . But is it not possibly from ” o hi " the ro t stand, indicating place or gh place The meani ng high park would suit the li e of the land 1 Was the ancient hall on the present site " Probably : S d i n 1 6 n it was tan ish Park existed 33 , and extended i to

- 2 S . 1 62 hevington as it does to day In 3 , the waste of wood rea ched from the park of Standi sh to the boundary of Wigan ; so does the district known as Standish Wood at ° the present time . is 1 n The Hall mentioned in 537, when a serva t going o S l h me from the Hall of tandish , was assau ted in a close i n i the called the H gh Field , ear adj oin ng to said Hall . His assai lants hid among the furze and gorse until he drew near and he woul d have been murdered but for the r m approach of two se vants of his e ployer , Master Ralph S w S tandish , who were going to the to n of tandish when 1 they heard the noise of the affray . i 1 688 S i After the Revolut on of , tand sh Hall became a meeting - place for Lancashire gentlemen of Jacobite 1 wsle . C Tow l The tan is a hi la ce at K no . e e G .G . 1 88 S d ghp y f n y 4 . 2 S nd i s D e s Earwak r 2 0. ta h ed , e , 3 , 34, 4 3 Ib 2 . , 5 . 4 L . and . Record S oci et Vol . . 1 1 8 . C y , 35, p S 78 MYLES STAND I H .

sympathies . Its remoteness from busy towns and accessi bility by lonely lanes made it an ideal rendezvous for r plotters . There was a g eat feasting of the Jacobite hr 1 68 gentry at the Hall at C istmas , 9, but among the 1 guests there was a trai tor . 1 6 0 r n n n In April, 9 , Roge Ke yo was told by a frie d, There is a story of a plot in Lancashire di s

e D . S cover d by one odsworth, a papist Mr . tandish of ’ ”21 S di s . tan sh s hou e , was beset , but I hear he escaped

It speaks much for the daring , if mistaken, loyalty of li S i S i Wil am tand sh to the tuart cause , that even after th s ” s n i o n care, the secret collecti g of arms and mun ti ns we t l - on . Carriers al eged that they had taken kettle drums ,

. S i . pistols , etc , to tand sh Hall One man had unloaded his horses in the inner courts and pitched the packs in the r i d parlour , whe e they were opened and the arms d vide , lin i . S . Mo eux S r S Mr tandish , Mr and Rowland tanley 3 n - each taki ng hi s share . A other carrier had a pack horse r accidentally th own down in Wigan Lane , which led to

boxes belonging to Mr . Standish being opened and pistols ‘ discovered . Thi s carrier went with his master to the H all in the dead of ni ght with two kettle—drums whelv ed l round his hea d as he sat on horseback on a sack of pisto s . The rattling of the drums so terriﬁed the horse that the w hi s a rider was thro n and cut he d , but when he delivered the pistols and drums at the Hall he was rewarded with a “ shilling and some drink .

Men wer e made ready as well as muni tions . It was

ai S an . S was s d that John harp , serv t to Mr tandi sh , em ployed to enlist men for King James ’s service at Standi sh and i li n town , other places , giving them each one sh l g

- — listing money and promising them hal f a crown a day . ﬁ l Of ces in the Jacobite army were liberal y promised, and

1 m S V l Chetha oc . Old S eri es o . . . xxi . liii . , , XXVIII , pp , x 2 M SS . . 2 8 K en on . y , p 3 a m: S c L . . "I Chetha o O Seri . , ld es , , 93 4 Ib. . . , XXVIII , 73 5 helham S oc . Vol . . 1 0 . C , XXVIII , 7

LES S S 8 0 MY TAND I H .

l s sadd e , mostly for cavalry, were part of his haul ; also belts for carbines . There was a treasonable document in - discovered a bed chamber upstairs , afterwards described ” in Parliament as ﬁt to be burned . Captain Baker accused the lady of a lack of candour (perhaps owing to ’ her . agitation) When he came into the lady s chamber , the lady said he had come too late for she had been in formed of his coming . When he put aside the hanging by o the chimney , she declared on her honour there was n thing

. B ut u e there on the bricks he put in his hands, and p ll d o e out a matter of ten yell w swords, blad s and scabbards , such as soldiers wear . The Chapel at the Hall was robbed ’

n and . without the Captai s orders , a chalice taken A

- - r n . silve hilted sword was carried off also , and a fowli g piece ai e ai w This the Capt n returned, b cause the lady s d it as ’ 1 not - es her son s . The booty was large ; the hiding plac u kept their secret well . When the famo s trial of the n 1 6 Jacobite gentry took place at Ma chester in 94, William

S ndi not . ta sh was with them He had escaped , some say

n S . to France , but it is probable that he was hidi g in tandish c n 1 6 r i all A royal pro lamatio was issued in 95 , th eaten ng n al f r 00 who helped to co ce him, and o fe ing {5 as a reward 2 for hi s apprehension . Was there really a plot of which Standish Hall was the n 1 6 rendezvous The Jacobite ge try, tried in 94, protested that they were the victims of a sham plot “ forged by persons for interest and design . Many have taken their part ;3 much ink has been spilt and much pity wasted n and Taafe f John Lu t John , the in ormers , may have been

nci led n . p rogues , but their chief co tention was true i n Poor Wombal , the carrier of Wiga Lane, may have m n u his e co bi ed a little perj ry with whipping of packhors s , is n n n as h e emies alleg ed evertheless, whe he said he had S n carried arms to ta di sh Hall, it was probably the plain n truth . Sta dish Hall has revealed its secret , as the sea 1 . 0 L"I . 1 . K en n S . 2 . Chetham S oc . o M S , XXVIII , 4 , 4 y , 35 , 3 77 2 i i r Copy in W gan L b ary. 3 L"I. ntro uctions. C . Chetham S oc . . f , XXVIII , , I d S IS 8 1 TAND H HALL.

l gives up her dead . There was a plot , and the Ha l was its S nursery . When the Old Copp y Wall at tandish was n n in 1 take dow 757, a bundle of papers was found proving that the Lancashire Jacobites were in corresp ondence with and n the banished king , were taking active steps to bri g him back again . The contents of the papers remind us ’ forcibly of John Lunt s claim that he had b een sent by the Jacobite gentry at Standish Hall to acquai nt King ” 1 James of their forwardness . One of the papers that came to light was a Declaration of Loyalty add ressed to

n n on . r . Ki g James , sig ed the back by J Parke , Ra Wid

i . d r n ton W illm . S and e g , tandish others Having s riously deliberated upon a matter of so hi gh a nature among and all themselves , having given to each other the assurances that the faith of men is capable of , they resolve that nothing shall be wanting to put matters in such a readi ness as may prove useful to your Maj esty whenever a service is demanded . The King has alr eady been informed nu n w but of their mbers by Colo el To nley, that estimate will be rather exceeded than diminished whenev er the ” happy occasion shall offer . They have taken care that no arms shall be wanting and pray that it may be suddenly ’ in His Maj es ty s power to make an experiment of their loyalty . Another document was a note from King James approv n i his ing of what Colo el Parker , brigad er of army , had done o o an o in rder to f rm regiments of horse d drago ns , and persuading them to provide arms . He returns thanks to n e and his loyal subj ects , the gentlemen co cern d , desires them to send one of their number to whom he will deliver m n n co missio s . Their messenger must have a warra t from o his m the rest to pr ve authority, and it ust be so contrived u u u that it may do no h rt , tho gh it sho ld, as God forbid , miscarry . in w Among the hidden papers were some cypher , ith di to n rections as troops, also blank commissio s from n 8 1 6 2 James dated Ju e , 9 , for a Regiment of Horse , 1 h m . . C etha Soc L"I . 1 1 . , , p L 8 2 MY ES STAND ISH .

1 o n 2 n - n 2 u C lo el , Lieute ant Colo els, Captains , 5 Lie tenants , n and for n D o 1 u n 7 Cor ets , a Regime t of rago ns, Lie tena t n 6 n 6 n n 1 o 1 o 6 n . Col el , Maj r , Capt ai s , Lieute a ts, Cor ets We are told that pity for the accused and hatred of the prosecutors were the prevailing sentiments at the trial “ n . of the Jacobite ge try Hot blood has had time to cool , but even yet there may be various views concerning the n n s loyalty and prude ce of the La ca hire Jacobites . As to

u r c an O . their co rage, however , the e be but one pinion They risked their liv es and their lands for the cause they

v . o o lo ed And having almost lost b th , s me of them were ready again to make the grand venture . u o S i s e The yo ng l rd of tand sh , who had te t d the naked wo new u s s rd before his recruits, s cceeded to the e tates in d n 1 0 . n 7 5 Years passe by, and after lo g waiti g came “

. no so the happy occasion It was t happy after all . S n o 1 1 Ralph tandish j oi ed the Jacobites at Prest n in 7 5 , and the story of the fight or fiasco there is well known . u S ndi n He was bro ght through ta sh a priso er , and no looked wistfully at the woods encircling the home he might n v ai n. n n o e er see ag Whe they paused at Wiga , he wr te a u n r bea tiful and te de letter to his mother , at Borwick , the ’ l n n al ady of Captain Baker s accou t , who had see the H l searched in 1 694 . ’ ul n s The powerf influe ce of the Howard , his wife s family , u his a S ndi sec red escape from de th , but ta sh Hall and the

w fi a n . l estates ere con sc ted by the Crow Ultimate y , they were purchased for the St andish family . The following demesne fields are mention ed in 1 507 o B arle r Pas se ead ow the High , Little and L wer y Be ley) , m ’ Elno w Hey , the p , Park Meado , Galt s Field , the Greens , i F and H hfield , Horse Close , Hard ield , Little Great g the

Two n s and . Lau d , the Park

1 Sta n is D ee s an d a ers Mrs . em est. es e are is torical d h d P p , T p Th h ocuments a nd so far as is nown t e a e not een menti o n e d , k h y h v b d ri n e or in p t b f e . ’ l "I. r . . . helha m S oc . Vo . L a t C , , P II , p xv

CHAPTER VIII .

A Pilgrim Library : the Books of n Myles Sta dish .

AN we judge a man by his b ooks " N ot very safely ; for his entire library may have been a

w . leg acy or a gift , never used by its o ner But that would b e an extreme case . As we read the list of books among the possessions of Captain Myles Standish we feel at once that some of them comport very naturally

i and ar . So o u w th his character c eer Longfell w tho ght , and his fancy delighted to dwell on the books of the Captain of Plymouth :

Fi e to th e O os ite wall was a s el of oo s a nd amon t em x d pp h f b k , g h Pr omi nent t ree istin uis e ali e for ul a n d for in i n h , d g h d k b k b d g ’ B ariﬁ e s rtill er Gui e a nd th e ommentari es of aesar A y d , C C ; An d as if ua r e b t es e etween t em was sta n in , g d d y h , b h d g i ” th e B ble .

One dares to believe that in thi s case some at least of his books reveal the man and the mind that found j oy and inspiration in them was not a narrow mind . The very ’ ﬁrst mentioned volume on the list of the Captain s b ooks ” i ‘ str keS an E o . lizabethan note, The Hist ry of the World u l but no n It may be a P ritan ibrary , it was arrow type of n i o and Purita ism that could explore un versal hist ry, share

n o . the fascinatio that fell on Or sius , Alfred and Raleigh ' It is a soldier s library . Here is the book that teaches

drill and di scipline . And even the volumes that represent

m ar . m ae ar pure literature have a ilit y ﬂavour Ho er , C s , n m o n he perhaps eve the Bible, char ed the reader m st whe i n found n them the clash of ar ms . Lo gfellow imagines him hesitating which he should choose for his consolation and comfort 86 LES S D S MY TAN I H .

W et er the wars of the H e rews the a mous cam ai ns of h h b , f p g th e R omans , Or the rtill er ractice esi ne for elli erent ri i A y p , d g d b g Ch st ans . Finally down from its shelf be dragged the ponderous R oman , S eate hi msel at the wi n ow a nd o ene the oo and i n f d , p d b k, sgenc e ' urne o er the well - worn lea es w ere t u - ar T d v , h h mb m ks thi ck on the mar in g , Li e th e tram le of eet roclaime the attl e was ottes t k p f , p d b h .

There is a distinct love of history reﬂected from these b l as o ookshe ves , wide the world and reaching ut to peoples n u u of stra ge race and faith , s ch as the T rks, yet dwelling most tenderly on the homeland and c ar ried right up to m o n and o ﬂ . co te porary her es , leaders, causes c n icts The l of n u n was one spel Gloria a, the Virgin "ee , felt by who om and hi s had fought at her c mand , received commission

n . n one from her ha d Agai , Gustavus Adolphus was of his and on and heroes , am g his books he treasured the portrait

- the life story of the Swedish leader .

More than half the books in the list relate to religion . S u and n ome , s ch as Calvin Hall , represe t systematic theology ; others are devotional a good number are no u m n m controversial in some , do bt , all these ele e ts eet . on e C trov rsy belonged to the times and possibly Myles , m ou d n with his artial spirit , delighted in the res n i g whacks m and of the polemics directed against the Ro an Church , E n o also against the Church of ngla d , reformed , but as s me

not n m . In d e thought , sufﬁcie tly refor ed the ebate betw en ’ nd fo S n conformity a noncon rmity , ta dish s library suggests

that he was read y to hear b oth sides . So far as the titles can be identiﬁed it seems fair to say that there is a pre u i n and ponderance of a thors moderate opinion, that

n m n d . one co for ity is well represe te There is bitter book , B u f Johnson against Hearing . t the library o Standish is sufficient to show that he did not imbibe its spirit . At any rate he was not against readi ng either the chammons

En or o on n . of the Church of gland their pp e ts His library,

too o . like his life, reﬂects the spirit , all rare , of tolerati n It must not be f orgotten that he was content to live and

S S S 88 MYLE TAND I H .

' 2 B al l on Fai t 2 B rinsle s Watch 2 D od on ( 3) h , ( 4) y , ( 5) ’ the Lor s Su er 26 S ar e a ai nst H eres d pp , ( ) p k g y, ’ ( 27) Dav enp ort s Ap ology o 1 5 o 2 8 R e l to D octor otton on B a ti sm 2 Th e ( ) A p y C p , ( 9) Germa n Hi stor 0 The Swe en ntelli encer y , (3 ) d I g ( 3 1 ) R eason ( or R easons) Di scussed 0 1 0 0 2 One estament One sal m B oo ature ( 3 ) T , ( 33) P k, ( 34) N and Grac e in onﬂict Law B oo 6 Th e C , ( 35) A k , ( 3 ) ea n in Mourni n ll e ati on a ai s nst B P . M g, (3 7) A g g . of Dur am 8 o nson a ai nst Heari n 0 6 o h , ( 3 ) J h g g ’ ’ Wilson s Di cti onar 0 Homer s lia 1 ( 39) y , (4 ) I d , ( 4 ) A ’ Commentary on J ames B all s arcel of Old B oo s of Di ers Su ects i n uarto A P k v bj , q a Another P rcell in octavo . .

£ 1 1 1 3 0

Another transcription1 makes the group ending with ’ Davenport s Apology worth and the Parcel of

s . 1 1 5 . octavo books , 5 , total £ 9

( 1 ) History of the World . There were several works with a similar title but one would like to think that the book Captain Standish had was that written by Sir Walter Raleigh [1 552- 1 61 8] and his friends during his last imprison ’ i of n ment . Raleigh s fame n the c olonisation Virginia a d the conquest of Guiana might well render him a hero in the eyes of one who had a kindr ed zest for adventure . 2 Mahumetane ( ) The Turkish History is probably The , - n or Turkish Historie, translated from the French Italia by ” 2 . n 1 600 . R Carr , Lo don , , 4to (3) A Chronicle of England is a somewhat indeﬁnite ’ description. Lord Berners translation of Froissart ﬁrst ’ - li e appeared 1 523 25 . Raphael Ho nshed s Chronicl s of

En n S n u 1 8 . gla d , cotland and Irela d were p blished in 57 Both these works mentioned the exploits of several S n m and s members of the ta dish fa ily, Captain Myle would be likely to prize a chronicle that made reference to dis in i he n m t gu s d a cestors . So e of the allusions to the Stan

1 Hist Gen . i 6 also See New En . . S oc . Re ster I. g g , 5 4 ; V 33 ; M sc n n h wer e e a . 1 T e a o D d t . yﬂ , III , 55 2 ow B l . nu l L ndes ibi og M a a . 8 A PILGRIM LIB RARY . 9 di shes in Froissart and Holinshed were embodi ed in the u n in of n f pedigrees c rre t the time Lo g ellow, and suggested to the poet the words which he puts i nto the mouth of Myles Standi sh : One of my ancestors ran his sword through the heart ” of Wat Tyler .

(4) The Country Farmer . Probably The Country Farme translated in 1 61 6 by the v ersatile writer Gervase ar l S was M kham , who , ike tandish , a soldier under the 1 Veres .

(5) History of "ueen Elizabeth . This was probably n n o n a tra slatio of the Hist ry of her reig , written in Latin l m n ar u by Wil iam Ca den , the a tiqu y , and ﬁrst p blished in ’

n n o in 1 62 . 1 61 5 . Thomas Brow s tra slati n appeared 9 n o in En dl There is a other versi n glish in the B o eian, dated ’

nnal a . 1 63 0. Darcie s A es were also based on C mden 2 Thes e works are now very valuable . ’ ir E 1 1 - 1 2 (6) State of Europe . S dwin Sandys [ 56 6 9] ’ wrote his Europee Speculum in 1 599 It was published “ in 1 60 n S &c . 5 as A Relatio of the tate of Religion , An edition was published at the Hague in 1 629 Though i t e o n i n fairly tolerant , is d scribed as Pr testa t tendency ai n and is s d to have co verted from Romanism , Henry i le i E r thes . S W o y , the th rd arl of Southampton andys n i n n s was actively i terested colo ie , and had correspondence 3 with Robinson and Brewster . ’ (7) Doctor Hall s Works (another transcript has H al es) . o 1 - 1 6 6 o E 1 62 J seph Hall [ 574 5 ] was Bish p of xeter , 7, and

1 6 1 . n n a was of N orwich , 4 This emine t co troversi list strongly opposed both to the Brownists and Presbyterian s ’ The presence of his books in Standish s library is note worthy . The Captai n was not a member of the Pilgri m Church possibly his Opinions were nearer those of Bishop l n one Ha l tha those of Pastor Robinson . Hall was of ’ n m S D 1 62 Ki g Ja es s representatives at the ynod of ort , 7 1 Lown es : B i bli o . M anua l . Markha The Fi h n V d g m : g ti g eres . 3 La ncashi re Libra ri es et . Soc . 1 2 , Ch , p . 3 . 3 Di ct. N at. B i o . L nes g ; a . Librari es . 0 ES S I 9 MYL TAND SH .

n r and, though Calvi ist , advocated cha ity towards Ar i men ans . He was a powerful champion of liturgies and of episcopacy . His Episcopacy by Divine Right i I n 1 6 0. n Asserted , appeared 4 his Hard Measure he gives an account of his arr est and ill- treatment by the

n n . n Parliame taria s Though clever in satire, he was ge tle and patient in temper . Fuller describes our English S “ eneca as Not ill at controversies , more happy at com m n in m n e ts very good in his characters , better his ser o s, ” ’ best of all in his meditations . Folio editions of Hall s i 1 works appeared n 621 and in subsequent years . ’ ” 8 n ( ) Calvi s Institutes . The Institutes of the 1 6 u n Christian Religion, 53 , p blished when Joh Calvin, m was man n and the refor er, still a young , was tra slated m n issued in any editio s . The 1 - 1 (9) W orks of Wilcox . Thomas Wilcox [ 549 608] was a Puritan di vine who lived in London. He was imprisoned for his criticism of the Prayer B ook . His i Works were issued n 1 624 . ’ - 1 . D. 1 0 n D. 8 1 6 ( ) Mayor s Works Joh Mayer, [ 5 3 64]

n o 1 62 . wrote An Antidote agai st P pery , 5 He complai ned that the bishops hindered the publication of ” i his Commentary on the Bible, wh ch was issued, how

1 6 . e ever , in 53 , in ﬁve volumes , folio There were copi s i n and of th s work both at Turto Chapel Walmsley Chapel , n was n 1 6 . a La cashire , in 59 Mayer rector of Raydo , ne r

d . Ha leigh , at his death ’ “ ( 1 1 ) Rogers Seven Treatises . A popular Puritan book by Richard Rogers [1 550 mini ster of Weather “ ﬁeld in E a z ealous and , ssex ; , faithful proﬁtable labourer ’ in n o oo the vi eyard of the Lord , acc rding to Br k s Lives nd n . n o a of the Purita s He was not wholly co f rmable , m o . was deprived for a ti e , but afterwards rest red The Seven Treatises containing such directions as is gathered of K S u in 1 60 and out the olie criptures , were p blished 3 , there were several editions and epitomes printed . A folio copy in 1 658 cost 1 D i ct. N a t B i o . Old Libra ri es o Lancashi re 8 66 . . g ; f , 3 ,

SH 92 MYLES STAND I . leader turned a retreat into a victory by putting himself at the head of the troops . This was to illustrate the n ou l n mu pri ciple If y wish a thing to be wel do e, you st do it yourself . ’ ’ ( 1 5) B arriffe s Artillery . Longfellow s reference to this book has already been mentioned . The volume had D n a lengthy title, Militarie iscipli e ; or the Young r n Di and S Artillery Man , Whe ei is scoursed hown the

u u and &c . Post res , both of M sket Pike, the exactest way , E n Together with the xercise of the Foot in their Motio s, i : l and w th much variety As a so , diverse several Forms for the Imbatteling small or great Bodies demonstrated by e the number of a single Company with their Reduc em nts . Very necessary for all such as are Studious in the Art an Military . Whereunt o is also added the Postures d

- B eneﬁciall Use of the Half Pike j oy ned with the Musket .

With the way to draw up the Swedish Brigade . By Col .

r th o u in 1 6 . W illi am B a riffe. The 4 editi n was p blished 43 S n an B arri ffe ig ific t of his Puritan principles , placed this ‘ - Psal es : text on his title page : m 1 44 1 . Blessed b e the Lord my Strength which tea cheth my hands to warre ’ and my fingers to fight . ’ (1 6) Preston s Sermons . An edi tion of the works of 8 n n Dr. 1 ul Pu i John Preston [ 5 7 a pop ar rita d vi e, in in 1 61 al was published London 5 . Fuller c led him the ’ - n n n greatest pulpit mo ger i E gland in man s memory . n n Chetham The generous Ma chester mercha t , Humphrey , in 1 6 1 who provided his will , dated 5 , for the foundation of dl En five libraries , wished them to consist of go y glish ’ ’ ’

o and . bo ks , such as Calvin s , Preston s Perkins works ’ 1 1 8 21 22 n on ( 7 , , , ) Burroughs Christia C tentment , 1 - 1 &c . J eremiah Burroughs [ 599 646] at one time assisted l m n E . Ca a y as mi ister at Bury St. dmunds He was sus pended from the rectory of Tivetshall for refusing to read 1 the Book of Sports . In 637 he became teacher of a

Congregationalist Church at Rotterdam . He was well n his a know for the moderation of views, and was h rdly a n separatist . B axter sai d if all independents had bee like

LES S D S 94 MY TAN I H .

The True Watch and Rule of Life was published in 1 61 in two and in u 5 parts , other parts followed s ccessive

w h . . o ad s 6d in years A c py , hich cost 4 , was the Man i Chester Church Library n 1 665 . Brinsley married a sister i the n on n N o O . Bishop H all me ti ed above u der . 7 ’ ( 25) Dod On the L ord s Supper . John Dod [1 549 1 6 u n n m n of nw l 45] was the P rita i cu be t Ha el , Oxfordshire . It is said that he preached at Cambridg e against excessive n and n c om dri king , was ragged by the stude ts , who

ell ed m n on . n B e p him to deliver a ser o Malt He bega , t om o n n lov ed , I am a lit le man , c e at a sh rt war i g , to deliver u and o a brief discourse upon a small s bj ect , t ok the letters of the word Malt to suggest the divisi ons of his d “ “ f ad ress . Ten Sermons or the worthy receiving ’ d o S Dod an . . of the L rd s upper , by R C (Richard Cleaver) , u were p blished in 1 633 . 26 S S 1 ( ) parke Against Heresy . Thomas parke [ 548

DD . O 1 81 n n xford , 5 , was a Purita divi e , but a “ ’

n . Answere n n n co formist His to Mr . Joh de Albi e s otable D u n i 1 isco rse agai st Heresies appeared n 591 . ’ 2 ( 7) Davenport s Apology . This was published at “ a ol e ic all Rotterdam in 1 636. It was entitled An p og t reply to a work called An answer to the unjust complaint ” of W . B .

. o D n an n n The Rev J hn ave port was ordai ed clergyme , praised at one time by Laud . He went abroad on account O i on c m c o- a pin s, and be a e p stor with John o Paget of the English Church at Amsterd am . He bj ected to the baptism of children not proved to be of Christian ar n w m p e ts , and quarrelled with Paget , ho he accused of En n in 1 6 nn an . u ne tyra y d heresy He ret r d to gla d 35 , but went to N ew Haven in “

n on . En (28) A Reply to Dr. Cotto B aptism The glish and n n n 1 8 America Puritan divi e, Joh Cotton [ 5 5 o n Lines an d s n was vicar of B sto , , emigrated to B o to ,

1 B ooks 1 6 0 . 1 . M us . E . En . to N . B i o . B rit. Di ct. at g ; g 4 , p 45 A PILGRIM LI B RARY . 95

in 1 6 . n End America , 33 His Grou ds and s of the B aptisme of the Children of the Fai thq was published in (29) The German History would be some portion of the work next mentioned . “ (3 0) The Sweden I ntelligencer is a book which ’ reveal s Captain Standi sh s interest in the career of the u 1 , A [ 5 4 great soldier Gustav s dolphus 9 , King of ' Sw s Sweden and hero of the Thirty Years War . The edi h — Intelligencer The Truest Information of the Wars of i Gustavus Adolphus was published n sections .

- . n n n 1 6 2 Parts I . to IV , Lo do , N atha iel Butter , 3 33 , 4to , contained a portrait of Gustavus Adolphus . Part V . n n entitled The Co ti uation of the German History , ’

1 6 2 an n u al . . 3 , had account of the Ki g s f ner Part VI ll “ n W arres was ca ed History of the prese t of Germany ,

1 6 . . 1 6 34 Part VII , 35, The German History Con " tinued z (31 ) Reason Discussed is al so transcribed as Reasons ” Discussed . It was probably an answer to some contro ' v ersial Certa ne s n . work such as Johnson s y rea o s , etc ,

N o . 38 . al (33) Ps m Book . Thi s was probably The B ooke l in and of Psalms , eng ished both prose Metre by Henry m n Ainsworth , Amsterda , In Ca to III of the ’ i s a Courtsh p , Longfellow describe Priscill s copy as

- e Rough hewn , angular notes , like ston s in the wall of ar a churchy d , Darkened and overhung by the running vine of the ” verses . The - in Bay Psalm B ook , and other Psalters use in the ’ ew En n E N gland settleme ts are describ ed in A . M . arle s Sabbath in Puritan N ew England Henry Ainsworth [1 571 - 1 622] was one of the most scholarly of the Browni st l i . e n o teachers He s tt ed Amsterdam , and attained s me 1 Di ct. N at. B i . S u lemen Vol o t . . g pp , II 3 For a ull er account an d a note as to the alue of the wor f , v k . ’ wn see Lo es B ib. M a n . 2 d , 555 . 6 ES S S 9 MYL TAND I H .

as u n eminence a st de t of Hebrew. He is said to have ’ worked as a b ookseller s porter living upon ninepence

o bo led . in the weeke with ro ts y With Francis Johnson , i n n c — who w ll be me tio ed later , he was o pastor of the Puritan

Church at Amsterdam . and n (34) N ature Grace in Conflict ( ot identiﬁed) . ’ (35) A Law Book . Michael Dalton s County Justice ( 1 61 8) and the Abridgements of the Statutes n the er 1 6 2 were recomme ded to cl gy in 3 , as useful law 1 books . 6 n in n (3 ) The Mea Mourning ( ot identiﬁed) .

n m . (37) Allegatio s against B . P . of Durha Evidently a controversial work . In the British Museum there is A Discharge of Five — Imputations of Mis allegations falsely charged upon the Bishop of Duresme by an English Baron (Arundell of

u . u in n 1 6 . Wardo r) This was p blished Londo , 33 Possibly o S n it is the very bo k of which Captain ta dish had a copy , n the title being abbreviated by the executors . Accordi g to the Dictionary of N ational Biography it was written by n m Du . Thomas Morto , then Bishop of rham The i putations i 2 appeared n MS. only . ’ “ (38) Johnson s Agai nst Hearing was one of the most erta ne bigoted of separatist books . The full title was C y reasons and arguments proving that it is not lawfull to heare or to have any spiri tuall communion with the present i i M n steri e of the Church of England . It was published in 1 604 . Francis Johnson [1 562- 1 61 8] was i n 1 589 a preacher to E n in u nglish Mercha ts Gasthuis Kerk , Middleb rg in " ealand ; later he was pastor at Amsterd am . An extra ordinary quarrel arose concerning the dress worn by his on wife , a rich and fashi able lady , who is said to have had n her b odice faste ed to her petticoat with laces, as men

’ 1 m r 2 For G eor e Her ert s ountr arson ed . al e i . . g b C y P , P , , 74

M n . 1 2 . list of le al wor s of t at ate see Lown es B ibli o . a g k h d d , g , 3 3 12 m l u For the su este i enti cati on B ri ti sh M useu Cata og e. gg d d ﬁ

he n e te o he ev l e an er Gor on . t Author is i d b d t t R . A x d d

A T I" CH P ER . D R L eeds elating to the ost Lands .

The Lati n copies or abstracts of most of these deeds n n S of s relati g to the la ds of the tandishes Orm kirk, Co . n u u La caster , collected and n mbered by the A thor , were pri nted by the Author in the N ew Engla nd Histori cal a nd Genea lo i ca l R e is ter 1 1 l g g for October , 9 4 the o d n - m sp elli g of surnames and place na es is retained .

1 Grant from Evan or Ewan (Vanus) Standish of W eryng ton son and l a S i , heir of the ate Willi m tand sh , to Hugh Standi sh of Ormeskirk and hi s heirs of all my right and clai m u n n an to all those mess ages, lands , teneme ts, re ts , d ser e hi hi s o l vic s, w ch the said Hugh has in p ssession in the vi ls r n of Ormeskirke and N ewbu gh. Wit esses Hamlet Ather i f l a u n . ton, esq re , Geo frey Hu me, Gilbert Gerrard d others

D . 1 E ar . 1 81 To ele e 2 2 wn M . at d May o, dw d IV [ 4 ] ( y SS , f er M . . . 1 . DD . 60. Ku d en SS 2 o b Picc o e MS . , Vol , 44 p S ,

N . . . 20 O Vol 3 , p , 2 r G r R l Grant from Pete e ard and ichard Hu me, clerks, e S dis i n a to Gilb rt tan h of Ormsk rk , ge tlem n , of all their s n n in O messuage , cottages , la ds, and te ements rmeskirk hi fe ff and N ewburgh , of w ch they were lately en o ed by the said Gilbert . He is to hold for life of the chi ef lords of the & ard s c . fee , and afterw s the me suages, , are to be held by ’ o S di r an R bert tan sh , Gilbe t s son and heir, d by the heirs n hi r and b etwee m, Robe t , Margaret Croft , daughter and

o n. heir of R bert Croft , legitimately b egotte If Rob ert no n ai has heir , the by the right heirs of the s d Gilbert for n e : n Hallsale i ever . Wit ess s He ry , kn ght , Thomas 00 ES ST S 1 MYL AND I H .

and n u Hesketh Thomas Atherto , esq ires , and others . r kirke n 1 1 D O mes 1 . 1 02 ated at , Ju e , 7 Henry VII [ 5 ]

D 20 21 E . 1 81 Townele ated May , dward IV [ 4 ] ( y MSS

l . D . T wne e SS D 2 . Kuer o M d en . MSS . 2 f ( y , 34 , Vol , o.

3 R al Stand sshe w ent of Margaret y , idow, for a whole

a AD . 1 2 B orsc o he n Mawdi sle ye r , 5 9, Ormskirk , g , Crosto , y , W r htin ton Newbur he : s yg g , g total, except free rent

Pi e . . 0 MSS . . 1 25 . 1 0d . cc 2 £3 ( p , Vol 3 , p 4 , No

4 tandi s kirk n r S s h Or es . n ; Gra t f om Thomas of m in co La c , n 1 0 e gentlema , for £ , of which he acknowledges the r ceipt , in W ri htin to George N elson , of Croston , of a messuage g g n n and l n n ton, with the la ds , re ts services be o gi g to it , the

premises being worth 1 63 . annually . George and his heirs

are to hold them of the chief lords of the fee . Thomas Standi sshe moreover appoints Gilbert Nelson and Morecroft his attorneys to give George N elson full and

peaceable seisin according to this charter . Witnesses : Standanou ht n m Henry g , Peter Prescot , chaplai s , Ja es

Assheton n . Da W ri httin ton , yeoma , and others ted at g g ,

l 1 1 . 1 i Ju y 4 , 3 Henry VIII [ 539] (British Museum Add i t onal MS. 21 0 . , 3 4, No

5 n n u E e n I de t re , in nglish , made the eight e th day of July, e an 3 1 Henry VIII . betw en Thomas St dishe of as o Ormskirk and George N elson. Thom has s ld to George 1 0 u for £ a mess age, land , and meadow in Wrightington of the clear [annual] value of 1 6 shillings ov er all manner

of charges &c . which Jane wife unto the said Thomas hath i n the sai d mese or tenement . N ev ertheless if Thomas Standish or his heirs wish to buy back agai n the said n teneme t , they may do so , after giving due warning and m an To ele aking repayment at y time within ten years . ( wn y

Ib. M . . Du . 1 . SS GG. 1 2 8 : GG 26 RR , 3 plicates , 3

S 1 02 MYLES STAND I H .

n f u Robinson . George appoi ts Thomas Bo ill of Lath m

n e n. D n his attor ey to d liver seisi ated May 7 , 35 He ry l 1 Towne e MSS GG. 1 2 . VIII . [ 543] ( y 79 A probable R 1 0 e n d uplicate R . 28 adds prat (meadow) aft r te e

2 H . 8 . ments, but is dated in error 5 )

9 - n o to Release from George Nelson of Crosto , ye man, S Or eskirke n n on Thomas tandish of m , ge tlema , the date ll e n u in of these presents , of fu poss ssio of a mess age Wright in ton n and ne n ai n n in g with all la ds te me ts appert i g , the tenure of William H esketh and Al ice Robinson. George in m an d surrenders all right that ever he had the pre ises , acknowledg es himself and heirs excluded from any actio n

. D n . 1 at law ated May 9, 35 He ry VIII [ 543] (Britis h

u MS. 21 0 . Muse m Additional , 3 4, No

1 0 n Stan di she Ormeskirke n Gra t from Thomas [of , ge tle man l Sto forth of on for on ] , to Wil iam p Mert , divers reas s , 1 0 of and for £ paid him by the said William , all my s and s messuages, land , tenements [rents service ] , which I n in s of E n in have in Wrightingto the pari h cclesto , lately n n the te ure of William Hesketh , Alice Robi son and Robert ' i Finche . To hold to W illiam n perpetuity of the chief of a and an lords the fee , rendering to Thom s his heirs ll i nua y 7s . rent at Pentec ost and St. Martin n equal por tions . Thomas attorns Richard Mas oun of Lathom and ar n Rich d Prescot [of Newbrugh] to deliver possessio . D wnel e MSS 1 0 . 1 To ated May , 35 Henry VIII [ 543] ( y i i l ' 1 0 . D : . 8 and d ona MS . GG. 2 3 uplicates RR 9 7 Ad t

21 0 . 1 66 in 3 4, N o 3 , from which the words brackets are taken ) 1 1 n Standishe Or skirke n Bo d by which Thomas of m , ge tle

an u m Sto forthe 60. m , is bo nd to Willia p of Merton in { D n 1 0 n . 1 ated May , 35 He ry VIII [ 543 ] (Co dition not l . Towne e MSS. . stated y , BB DEED S RELATING TO THE LOST LAND S. 1 03

1 2 a Standi she Or iskirk Grant from Thom s of m , gentleman, l f d n n 5 . d . Sto or for £5 3 4 , to Wi liam p of Merto , of a certai d u n of s . u n out n an an ann al re t 7 , iss i g of a teneme t l ds i ll adj acent n Wrightington . Thomas releases to Wi iam an d his heirs all right and claim in the said rent . Dated i ele Or skirk 2 . 1 Town at m , April 4 , 37 Henry VIII [ 545] ( y

D . 6 c . G. 1 . MSS. D G 20 , 3 7 f 3 , above )

I 3 S i i Bond by which Thomas tand sh of Ormsk rk, gentle

an u li St0 forth in 0. m , is bo nd to Wil am p of Merton £4

Da 2 n . 1 n ted April 4, 37 He ry VIII [ 545] The co dition is that whereas Thomas Standish has sold to William

Stopford a cert ai n annual rent of 7s. issuing from a tenement n i and hi s i s and la ds in Wrightington , if Will am he r peace o i n ably h ld th s re t unmolested by the said Thomas, then

l i MS . 1 0 l . 2 this ob igation sha l be void (Add tional 3 4,

No .

1 4

n n . . on di o e Joh Ha son , M A , Archdeacon of Richm d, v rc s Thomas Standi she of Ormskirk parish and Jane (Joanna) a lia andi s D N Stanley s St he of the same p ar ish . ated ovem

20 1 8 1 8 has been crossed out . n ot ber , 55 [ 54 ] Thomas was

a not 1 1 n . 9 ye rs old , and Jane , whe they were married

Picc0 e MSS . . . 2 . ( p , Vol 3 , p 4 , N o

1 5 u S ndi l n n n Release from H gh ta sh , late y of Wiga , ge tlema , son and o S n is heir of Th mas [ ta d h] lately of Ormskirk , a to Sto ford n n dece sed, William p of Bispham , ge tlema , his i all and to and he rs , of the right claim that ever he had a messuage with appurtenances in Wrightington in the r tenure of Ma garet Hesketh , widow, and Robert Hesketh . n w i l and Hugh , ack o ledges h mse f his heirs excluded from

an n . D 20 E y actio at law ated November , 9 lizabeth le Towne MSS . DD. ( y , 1 0 4 MYLES STAND ISH .

1 6 o n n S i "uitclaim fr m Ja e (Joan a) tandish , w dow of S di S di Thomas tan sh , lately of Ormskirk , to Hugh tan sh son or u e her , of all the right she had has in all mess ag s , u burgages, lands and tenements in Ormskirk , Bursco gh and

N ewburgh or elsewhere in co . Lanc . Jane (Johanna) acknowledges herself and heirs excluded from any action le D 1 1 1 E 1 . e . 0 6 Town at law ated August , lizabeth, 5 9 ( y

M S . DD. S ,

I 7 S e Grant from Hugh tandish , lat ly of Wigan , gentleman , i S ndi Or eskirke son and he r of Thomas ta sh , lately of m , to n S Jane (Joha na) tandish , widow , my mother , of an annuity

n 05 . or annual re t of 4 out of all my messuages, burgages , s in Or eskirk land , and tenements m , for the term of her D 1 u . u u 1 1 E nat ral life ated A g st 4, lizabeth l Towne e MSS. DD . ( y ,

1 8 th n n o Fi al Co c rd made at Lancaster on Monday , 4 week 1 2 E i 6 1 6 in Lent , l zabeth [March , 5 9 between William Sto ford n R S u n f p , ge tleman , and oger o key, plai ti fs , and S n e n Hugh ta dish , gentl man , deforcia t , of 3 messuages, h 26 4 cottages , 4 orc ards, acres of land, 5 acres of pasture, of 0 o and 8 ur 4 acres meadow, 4 acres of mo r , acres of t bary

n ur u s u . in Wrighti gton, Newb gh , Ormskirk , and B r co gh n u n i l and Plea of cove ant . H gh gra ted them to W l iam

Roger and the heirs of Will iam. Plaintiffs paid to Hugh dl S n i 0. . . e 2 ta d sh £4 (Pal of Lanc Feet of Fin s , bun e 3 ,

m . 1 1 2 . s MSS . GG. 1 02 . Town ley , 4 , RR

I 9 1 2 1 E 1 0 S n February , 3 lizabeth [ 57 Hugh ta dish of n a ll Heiton B irchle Ormskirk , gentlema , le ses to Wi iam of y , - Picco e es . s r . q , land in Orm kirk for twenty one yea s ( p

D . MSS. . , Vol 3 , Hesketh eeds, No

1 06 ES S MYL TAND ISH .

23 Rel ease from John Standi she of the Isle of Man (Insula de Mane) for divers good causes and considerations and divers sums of money to William Stopford of B ispan [sic] on m and his r for v all hi s behalf of hi self hei s e er of right , 1n a n and n m n status and title all those messu ges , la ds te e e ts in s o S ndi which were lately the po session of R bert ta sh , l Ormeschurch and all n late y of , those messuages , la ds and tenements which William has by gift and grant of Hugh S Or eschurch son and of as tandish , late of m , heir Thom i i Ormesc s n hurch n n . D who dead , and Wrighti gto ated

El . ele 1 1 2 Town MSS. GG. 4 izabeth , 57 ( y ,

24 Releas e from John de Standish of the Isle of Man (Insule n li am Sto ford de Ma n) , gentleman , to Wil p of his whole all and n n right in the messuages , lands te eme ts which l n T S n late y were the p ossessio s of homas ta dish , late of Ormiskerke entl emw l of Ormiskerke , g , lying in the vil s a d ar n Maudisle and n Wrightington , P bold , Crosto , y i Or schurch. D 0 1 E m ated April 2 , 4 lizabeth le Tow e M . n SS . 1 0 n ( y , RR 45 ; a duplicate or co ﬁrmation of deed N o .

’ in En u Grant , glish , of the Mercer s Field, by H gh Standish to William Stopford : h This I ndenture ma de y e thi rd d ay of Octob er in y e 1 4t y eare of Eliz 1 2 B etweene u ta n is ent onne and eir e of . [ 57 ] H gh S d h g s b ’ Thomas Sta ndish late of Ormski rk of y e one p ty and William ’ St0p ford of B ispha m gent of y e other p ty Witness eth y t the sai d Hugh Standis h for an d i n Consideration of y e some of fourty ﬁv e shillings to him paid hath therefore giv en and grante d unto t h e ’ sai d Willia m Stop ford and hi s b eires all yt one closure or p c ell of h L a nd ca ll ed y e M ersers feil d in O rmi skirk e wt y e Appurtenances To hav e a nd to hold to th e sai d William Stop ford his heirs and ’ assigns for on In W itnes whereo f y e p ti es a foresai d have put

wn . D 02 . erd en MSS . v ol . 2 t eir seales . o . MSS D . K u h (T , 4 , ,

1 . fo . 44b ) 0 D EED S RELATING TO THE LOST LAND S. 1 7

26 S di man Grant from Hugh tan sh , lately of Wigan , gentle , son s S n i Sto forth and heir of Thoma ta d sh , to William p n n u n s n of Bispham , ge tlema , of all my mess ages , la d , te e n n and and di n w me ts, re ts services here tame ts hatsoever n hi and with appurte ances wit n the town of Ormskirk , also what claim I have in the said premises for term of life or and is term of years . William h heirs are to hold them n i o for ever of the chief lords . Hugh Sta d sh attorns R ger Sonkey and Reginald Mason to give full and pea ceable D 2 1 8 E 1 possession . ated January 9, lizabeth [ 575 le Towne M . DD. ( y SS ,

27 n in En S i Gra t , glish , by J oan or Jane cott of her th rd p art of es tates l n Ormski rk

To all men etc . oane Scott of Wi an wi d owe sen et r eete , J g d h g ing wherea s the said J oa ne dothe stand endowed of y e thi rd pa rte of all y e messuag es lands tenemt' rents and h eredi tamt w thin y e Towne of Ormeskirk e y t were y e poss essions of Thomas Standi sh s omety me h er husband or of Hugh Sta ndi sh h er sonne K now y e me y e sai d J an e Scott for c ertaine Sumes of money To ha ve gra nted unto Willia m Stopp orth e of B ispham gent a nd to hi s h eires h for ever al l and si ngular yt h er es tate right a nd dema nd wc she ha th of a nd in the sai d premisses So yt neither I th e sai d J oane nor my heirs a ny right clay me or deman d i n or to y e sai d re r r In p misses but ar e from all right utterly excl u ded fo eve . ' W i tnes whereof I th e sai d J oane hav e p ut my S ea le Da te d y e thi rd h d ay of May in y e 1 8 t yea r of Eli z abeth (Townsley

MSS . DD , .

28 e Or iskirk r R lease from Richard Mosse of m , in retu n di to l St0 ford for vers sums of money Wi liam p of Bispham , n and gentlema , of all the right claim that he had or has in all n n m n and the messuages , la ds , te e e ts , rents , services heredi taments with appurtenances within Ormskirk which lately were the possessions of Hugh Standish or Thomas

Standi sh his father . Richard Moss acknowledges himself hi s D and heirs excluded from any action at law . ated S 1 2 1 El w ele M DD . To n SS. eptember , 9 izabeth ( y , 404

0 ES S 1 1 MYL TAND ISH .

W e ca nnot tell who H enry wa s ; h e enters up on the stage of uma n a airs li e M elc ise ec wit out nown ar ent h ff k h d h k p s . His a ti sm is not rec or e in th e rms ir R e isters thou th b p d d O k k g , gh ey go back quite far enough to rec ord th e christening of one wh o was a ar ent i n 1 6 2 unl es s in ee h e is the c il of Hu Stan i p 3 , d d h d gh d sh of n nown na me wh o was a tise in 1 He a os si l u k b p d 599 . m y p b y be a migrant a H enri e Sta n dish of unk nown p arentage wa s baptise d i a n o ar at W a ut M ch , 1 9 . g , b 5 4 It is unli el t at h e is th e H enr son of Hu Sta n is who k y h y , gh d h, was uri e at rms ir on ril 6 1 68 1 as th e arenta e of n b d O k k Ap , , p g a l i e old ma n wou d probably not be g v n. H enr i sa ears rom iew and so on a not er Hu Stan ish y d pp f v , h gh d i a n e mak es h s pp eara c . It seems lik el that he was the son of th e H ust menti one j d , for H u son 0 H e Stan ish was ba tised at mskirk cto er gh, d , , O b 8 0 l r on A 1 1 1 d 2 1 6 . At H a u ch 6 6 Hu Stan i sh , 4 Ch p , 7 , gh ir arrie to M ar aret B lu n ell of na of rms was m S e . O k k , d g d , p arious c il ren of Hu Sta n ish w ose wife is not named V h d gh d , h , were a tise at rms ir urin the erio 1 6 4 686 a nd some b p d O k k d g p d 79 , of his chil dren are mentioned in the list of burial s about th e sa me

time one unname ein interre in 1 6 0. , ( d) b g d 9 Hu Stan is i e in 1 00 and his will was ro e N o em er gh d h d d 7 , p v d v b

1 2 the same ea r b ex ecutors name t erein . , y , y d h e oll owi n is an a str acte co rom ester ro ate e i r Th f g b d py f Ch P b R g st y . Will of Hu Sta n is of rms ir utc er ate ril 22 g d k k , , d d h h O b h Ap , 1 00 — As to m messua es tenem ents la n s wit suc ersonall 7 y g , , d , h h p esta te as th e Lor in merc at lent me e ise all that m d y h h , I d v y M ess uage a nd Tenement wherei n I now live a nd whi ch I bould by er r homas He wett wi th the R ev ersion and n l ea se und M . T I heri tanc e of th e Cottage wherein Ann Cap e now lives and of one cl ose formerly two closes) which I purch ased from J ohn Caunc e unto my ughter l erei n erea ex r t D orath ea Chargeab e as is h h fter p esse d . That is o say it is my will that she shall p ay to Richar d Pemberton or Margery au ter if h e be ea man to ma e u what he has al rea my d gh , d d, k p dy

h ad r om me to 0 . To th e us e 0 m three chil ren Ell en Mar aret f £4 y d , g

a nd K at erine 09 . ea c ear l to be em lo e for t eir ri n in u h 4 h y y, p y d h b g g p ntil t e attai n 2 1 t en m au ter D orathea shall a unto u h y , h y d gh p y 0 a i e b ueath to i each of them £3 p ec . I _ my s ster Ann th e cottage a nd tenement w erein o n G ore li es for her life and after h J h v , war s m estate t er ei n to m au ter Mar aret ro i e t at d y h y d gh g , p v d d h if m au ter Dorath ea di e wit out is sue m sai Messua e y d gh h y d g , et s all esc en to ichar em erton and his eir Cotta ge c . h d d R d P b h s by Mar er his wi e in e ault of suc issue a ter ecease of M ar er g y f , d f h , f d g y , to my right heirs under pay ment of £ 2 0 apiec e to my daughters t ere e two or more if one onl 0 To D orath t en li in if b . ea h v g h , y , £4 th e cu oar th e ﬁre rate & c . & c . To e ecutors omas B arton pb d, g , x , Th mi t ot of rms ir eomen rien n m s 2 2 3 . eac a nd Simo S . h, b h O k k, y , y f d , £ h APPEND I". 1 1 1

R esi due ( except a suit whi ch I giv e to Th omas Tatloc k) di vided amon m three chil ren Ell en Mar rett a nd K at arine . g y d , g h

Hugh Sta ndish signed with hi s initials as letters or mark . Th e i wi n e enr B l ell and i c ar ou wll was t ess d by H y und R h d H ghton. It is remarkable tha t this i s the only will of th e Ormskir k Stan w be isc o ere dishes hic h can d v d . It seems cl ear r om the will t a t Hu Stan is ha d ﬁv e au ters f h gh d h d gh .

One of t ese Mar er was th e wi e of ich ar em erton. Th e h , g y , f R d P b Ormskirk R egister shews tha t h e was of Hal sall a nd marri ed M argery

Stan is of rms ir on D ec em er 1 6 . H u ha d our other d h O k k b 4 , 9 7 gh f au ters D orot ea Ell en M ar aret a nd at erine th e t ree d gh , h , , g C h , h la t- na e ein n er a in 00 H e had ot er c il ren w ose s m d b g u d ge 1 7 . h h d h urial ar n e e i orot di s e ote in th r ster . D Stan s e i entl b d g A hy h , v d y ' not th e same as Hu s au ter D orot ea was uri e at rms ir gh d gh h , b d O k k ,

anuar 2 1 68 1 . J y 4 , M ar aret Stan is er a s one of th e oun er au ters marri e g d h , p h p y g d gh , d

R o er We ster at Orms ir cto er 1 1 06 . g b k k , O b 5 , 7 It is curious that among th e la ter referenc es to memb ers of th e Stan is amil settle a t rms ir we s oul fi nd a mem er of d h f y d O k k, h d b th n e Duxbury bra ch . In th e will of El ea nor B un ur of H olcro t wi ow ated b y f , d , d o em er 2 1 1 1 1 we fi nd menti on of h er ran child Franc es N v b , 7 , g d Stan is a nd h er r an s on arles Sta nd Franc es nd ish. Sta ish d h g d Ch , of r ms ir s ins ter was on M a 1 1 ran - au ter and O k k, p , y 7 , 7 3 , g d d gh mini stra e B n ol 1 a tri of H nr u ur of H cro t entleman. d x y b y f , g Th e Frances Sta ndish referred to is no doubt the daughter of Sir Ric ar Sta n i s of Du ur rst aronet sh e was a tise h d d h xb y , fi b ; b p d at Stand in 686 and e at orl in 0 ir ish 1 uri e 1 6 . ichar , b d Ch y 7 S R d marri e Mar aret H olcro t a nd o tai ne estate s in ol of H e d g f b d H cr t . nry and Elea nor B unbury took p art in a settlement of these estates in Their descripti on of Franc es as gran dct is not quite clear . Her rot er arles menti one a o e i e in E in ur b h Ch , d b v , d d d b gh in 1 8 w en ad ministrati on was ra nte to his sister Frances 73 , h g d , t n li i he v ng at Pres ton.

1 Pi cco e MS . . 2 1 6 . p , , XXII ,

Vi ct. Co . Hi st. Lanes 1 6 1 , IV . , . 3 ' D r . Farr er s Stan is of D u ur Pa er d h xb y p s .

1 NDE n nu 1 4 I X Co ti ed .

M as ter R ev . . S . Ell en , J

Ma er Dr. . E an wen see Huan y , J v , O , . M orton Nat ani el Frances , h 1 2 8 6 1 4 . 7, . 5 , Sir Frank Morton omas 6 , Th Frank Hall s i r Stan ishes of Orm k k, d 1 2 " I I I » 99 Grac e r 8 2 6 0 Pedig ees . 4 , 5 , 59, Henry res ton Dr . o n P , J h Huan 26 2 2 8 2 1 2 , 7. , 3 . 5 , 5 , 1 0 99. I Hugh R al ei Sir alter , W - gh - I 2 28 8 1 0 I I I 7. 7. . 34 3 . 99. 3 R o inson o n b , J h I chabod R o ers R ic ar . g , h d J ane or J oan 1 - 1 00 1 0 1 0 1 0 3 3 7 , , 3 ) 4 : 7 , 1 09 n s Sir E win Sa dy , d J ohn S ar e homas p k , T 2 6 1 0 1 1 06 3 : 3 ) 39, , St0 ford William p , J osias 2- 1 02 - 1 0 3 39, 7 Lora

Margaret Stan is Fa mil 1 1 1 00 d y 2 2 8 29 , 99, , h , 5 , , , 3 7 1 1 0 Al exander Al ice

ne 2 1 01 1 0 An 3 , , 9

B ar ara 8 0- 66 8 b 7 , , 4 44, , 7

t erine 1 0 1 1 1 Ca h 9,

arles . 8 1 1 1 Ch 7 , 3 ,

i stian 1 Chr 4 , 43

D esire 1 2

rot 1 1 0 1 1 1 D o hy , E dith 1 09

war 1 1 1 6 0 E d d 4 , 5 , , 34 , 4 8 0- . 1 09 3 , 7. , 4 44 D — C n IN E" onti ued . r 1 5

Thomas 2 2 0- 6 8 1 . 4 . 3 34 . . 69 . 1 00- 1 03

26 2 28 6 » 7) : 7 » 0 99 . 1 9

Standi sh Hall 75 - 83 ler W at Ty , S tan i s M les d h , y

nces tr 1 0 - 2 A y , 39, 45 5 s er ro essor R . U h , P f . B irt lace 1 8 2 8 0 2 hp 4 , , , 5 , 5

B ooks of 8 - 5 97 ere Sir Franci s V , Career 1 -6

1 - 16 - 6 Wi an 6 1 0 1 1 0 , 53 5 g 34, 3 7 , 4 , 7 ,

il ren 1 1 Wilco omas . Ch d 7 , x, Th D ea t Wilson homas h 7 , T

- - Lost Lan s of. 1 2 1 26 Wri t omas d 7, 39 gh , Th

o ument to 8 8 1 W ri othesle H en M n 1 6 r . , , y , y

' P r nted b Nor bur Natz o 6 o. L td . Manc hcstcr 6 L ond on. i y y . i C ,