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François Perroux (1903-1987) François Perroux (1903-1987) Versement de 2015- Cotes : 377PRX/1 - 377PRX/273 Versement de 2007 - Cotes : 690PRX/274 - 690PRX/310 Auteurs de l’instrument de recherche Stéphanie Lamache, Christiane Franck, avec la participation d’Élisa Chauvel Instrument de recherche produit au moyen du logiciel Mnesys classement de la société Naoned Systèmes mars 2017 Introduction Identification Description physique : 296 boîtes d’archives, 14 boîtes d’imprimés Langue des unités documentaires : Français et quelques dossiers en anglais, allemand, espagnol ou portugais. Producteur : Perroux, François Biographie : François Perroux débute sa carrière universitaire à la faculté de droit de Lyon (1928-1937), puis rejoint celle de Paris (1935-1955), ainsi que l’Institut d’études politiques de Paris (1946-1952). En 1944, il fonde avec le parrainage de John Maynard Keynes, et l’appui du Conseil national de la résistance, l’Institut de science économique appliquée (ISEA), qui deviendra l’Institut de sciences mathématiques et économiques appliquées (ISMEA). Il est membre du Conseil économique et social de 1959 à 1969. Directeur de recherche à l’École pratique des hautes études, il occupe la chaire d’Analyse des faits économiques et sociaux au Collège de France de 1955 à 1974. François Perroux a développé les bases d’une économie d’intention scientifique - envisagée non comme une science, mais comme un ordre de savoir scientifiquement contrôlable - dans des ouvrages tels que L’Europe sans rivages (1954), Économie et société. Contrainte, échange, don (1960), L’Économie du XXe siècle (1961), Industrie et création collective (1964) ainsi qu’ Aliénation et société industrielle (1970), Masse et classe (1972), Pouvoir et économie (1973), Pour une philosophie du nouveau développement (1981), Dialogue des monopoles et des nations (1982). Modalités d’entrée : Fonds déposé en 2007. Apport Institut de sciences mathématiques et économiques appliquées, représenté par Madame Rolande Borelly, sa présidente, 2007 Contenu et structure Présentation du contenu : Nourri de la pensée des plus grands économistes étrangers, comme Marx, Schumpeter et Keynes dont il a contribué à diffuser les pensées en France, François Perroux a eu le souci constant de construire à travers ses cours, ses articles, ses ouvrages, une « économie d’intention scientifique », rigoureuse, avec l’objectif de proposer un paradigme opposable au paradigme walraso-parétien alors dominant. Ainsi, François Perroux se présente comme un théoricien majeur du courant hétérodoxe. Il a, dans sa quête d’un nouveau schéma global d’interprétation, forgé ou développé des concepts comme l’économie dominante, les espaces économiques, les pôles de développement, les asymétries, les industries motrices, les ressources humaines, la création collective, les coûts de l’homme, les contraintes et le don, etc. qui trouvent écho aujourd’hui notamment en économie du développement, en économie régionale, en économie internationale, en économie des ressources humaines, en sciences de gestion. Travailleur infatigable, il a laissé nombre de brouillons, notes, plans, projets inaboutis comme un dictionnaire d’économie. 1 Sa réflexion théorique a été constamment alimentée par l’intérêt porté aux problèmes concrets du moment tels que, dès les années 1930, l’organisation du travail au sein de l’entreprise, puis, juste après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le Plan Marshall, les accords de Bretton Woods, mais aussi la nécessité de constituer une comptabilité nationale pour éclairer la politique économique, puis les formes nouvelles de l’innovation comme le tunnel sous la Manche, la conquête de l’espace, l’industrie atomique, avec une attention continue à la question du sous-développement, de la croissance et du progrès. François Perroux a apporté un soin constant aux aspects pratiques, concrets, matériels, de la recherche. Soin d’abord à l’élaboration de la recherche avec l’appui de collaborateurs, d’où son engagement dans des instituts qu’il crée et préside comme l’Institut de science économique appliquée (ISEA), qu’il dirige comme l’Institut d’étude du développement économique et social (IEDES), qu’il gère comme la fondation Carrel ; soin ensuite à la diffusion de la recherche : enseignant remarquable, il est aussi éditeur et directeur de collections dès la Deuxième Guerre mondiale notamment avec les Presses universitaires de France (PUF), avant de créer et animer des revues dont les plus reconnues sont Économie appliquée , Économies et Sociétés , Mondes en Développement . La constitution et l’entretien inlassable de réseaux tant en France qu’à l’étranger, ainsi que permet de le mesurer sa correspondance, est une facette importante du souci de diffusion des idées, comme la rédaction de nombreux articles, la participation à de multiples conférences et colloques, tant en France qu’à l’étranger. Ce travail inlassable d’inscription de la recherche dans le réel le conduit à prendre position et être force de proposition sur l’organisation de l’enseignement et de la recherche en sciences économiques et plus largement, en sciences sociales dans leurs articulations avec les sciences dures au moment où celles-là se structurent. Grand intellectuel catholique, François Perroux fait sienne la doctrine sociale de l’Église. Au cours de ses années lyonnaises, il participe aux débuts d’Économie et Humanisme avec Louis-Joseph Lebret et contribue à la revue Esprit créée par Emmanuel Mounier. Son amitié avec le philosophe Jean Lacroix marquera toute sa vie. Doté d’une immense culture, intéressé en particulier à la philosophie et à la sociologie, l’humaniste François Perroux a voulu apporter sa contribution aux grands débats qui ont fait l’histoire du XXe siècle comme les conflits de l’Europe danubienne, la montée du fascisme et de l’hitlérisme, le corporatisme, puis le rôle des États et des institutions internationales, la construction européenne, la guerre froide, le partage du monde et le Tiers Monde, mai 68 et la pensée d’Herbert Marcuse, etc. François Perroux est résolument opposé à la peine de mort, et accorde une grande attention aux mouvements mondialistes, aux tentatives de désarmement. Guidé par « le souci de l’Homme et de tous les hommes », il est fermement attaché au développement de la personne humaine, à la promotion sociale, à la lutte contre la pauvreté et toutes les formes d’oppression. Le deuxième dépôt François Perroux est très complémentaire du premier pour deux raisons au moins : primo, il comporte des éléments biographiques absents du premier ; secundo, il contient des éléments nouveaux sur trois périodes : la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, les années 1968-1970 avec les problèmes liés à la direction de l’Institut d’étude du développement économique et social, et la dernière partie de la vie de François Perroux. Il y a, toutefois, dans ce deuxième dépôt, des éléments qui se trouvaient déjà dans le premier notamment des articles. Le plan de classement du deuxième dépôt s’inspire autant que faire se peut du plan retenu pour le premier dépôt. Les dossiers constitués sont conservés en l’état - on peut ainsi trouver de la correspondance ou des notes de travail hors des rubriques « correspondance » ou « notes de travail » - et leur contenu est précisé quant aux types de documents qu’ils renferment. Conditions d’accès et utilisation Conditions d’accès : Communicable 2 Sources complémentaires Documents en relation : Autres fonds conservés à l’Institut mémoires de l’édition contemporaine : Aubier-Montaigne ; Roger Bastide ; Jean Bazaine ; Christian Bourgois ; Jean-Marie Benoist ; Cornélius Castoriadis ; Pierre Emmanuel ; Emmanuel Mounier ; Jean Queval ; André Rolland de Rénéville ; Pierre Schaeffer ; Alain Touraine. Documents séparés : Voir aussi les ressources en ligne de l’Institut national de l’audiovisuel (INA). Bibliographie : Sur François Perroux et son œuvre en général Barre R., Blardone G. et Savall H. (2005) : François Perroux. Le centenaire d’un grand économiste , Paris, Economica Bocage D. (1985) : The general Theory of François Perroux , University Press of America, Lanham Bouckaert L. (1973) : « La pensée économique de François Perroux », Mondes en développement , n°4, pp 163-194 Brot J. (coordonnateur) (1992) : François Perroux penseur de notre temps , Presses universitaires de Nancy Chambre H. (1990) : « Itinéraire de François Perroux » in Denoël François (sous la direction de) : François Perroux , Lausanne, Éditions L’Âge d’Homme, collection Les Dossiers H, pp 131-143 Chavagneux C. (2003) : « Perroux l’ambigu », L’Économie politique , alternatives économiques , volume 4, n° 20, pp. 44-46 Cohen A. (2006) : « Du corporatisme au keynésianisme. Continuités pratiques et ruptures symboliques dans le sillage de François Perroux », Revue française de science politique , vol 56, n°4, pp. 555-592 Couzon I. (2003) : « Les espaces économiques de François Perroux (1950). Organisation de l’espace et aménagement du territoire dans l’économie et la géographie françaises au milieu du XXème siècle », Revue d’histoire des sciences humaines , n°2, pp. 81-102. Denoël François (sous la direction de) (1990) : François Perroux , Lausanne, Éditions L’Âge d’Homme, collection Les Dossiers H Destanne de Bernis G. (1978) : « La dynamique de François Perroux, l’homme, la création collective, le projet humain » in Hommage à François Perroux , Presses universitaires de Grenoble, pp 121-163 repris dans Denoël François (sous la direction de) (1990) : François Perroux, Lausanne, Éditions L’Âge d’Homme, collection Les Dossiers H, pp 99-130 Destanne de Bernis G. (1989)
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