Creating a Global Consciousness Through the Driver Model of Curriculum Development
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Creating a Global Consciousness Through the Driver Model of Curriculum Development Bryce Honsinger, H.B.A., B.Ed. Department of Graduate and Undergraduate Studies in Education Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education Faculty of Education, Brock University St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada © Bryce Honsinger 2010 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de Tedition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-62849-2 Our file Notre r6f6rence ISBN: 978-0-494-62849-2 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privee, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont ete enleves de thesis. cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. 1*1 Canada Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect a human link through the One World Youth Project has on a global education program, if a human connection through the program enhances a student's ability to develop a critical consciousness of global issues, and the effectiveness of the constructivist-based Driver Model of Curriculum Development, which served as the curriculum model in this study. An action based research cycle was chosen as this study's research methodology and incorporated 5 qualitative data collection instruments: a) interviews and questionnaires, b) artifacts, c) teacher journal, d) critical friend's observation forms, and e) my critical friend's postobservation interviews. The data were collected from 4 student participants and my critical friend during all stages of the action research cycle. The results of this study provide educators with data on the impact of human connections in a global education program, the effects these connections have on students, and the effectiveness of the Driver Model of Curriculum Development. This study also provides practical activities and strategies that could be used by educators to develop their own global education programs. The United Nations drafted the Millennium Development Goals in an effort to improve the lives of billions of people across the globe. The eight goals were developed with the support of all member nations since all human beings are global citizens who have a responsibility to make the world a better place. Students need to develop a critical consciousness of global issues so that they can work with others to eliminate them. Students who are taught to restate the opinions of others will not be prepared to inherit a world full of challenges that will require new innovative ideas to foster positive change. ii Acknolwedgemcnts There are many people who deserve to be recognized for my completion of this Master's degree. First and foremost, to my wife, your support, encouragement and love made this achievement possible. Second, Dr. Dolana Mogadime, my supervisor for this study, was a role model, colleague, tutor, and friend who worked tirelessly to help me along my journey. I also wish to thank Dr. Hilary Brown and Dr. Alice Schutz for their efforts on my thesis committee, for their words of encouragement, and for the guidance they provided me throughout the course of this study. Finally, I would like to thank the student participants of this study and my critical friend. Their participation and hard work enabled me to not only complete this study but become a stronger educator who has developed essential transferable skills that will serve him well in his future endeavours. Table of Contents Page Abstract ii Acknowledgements iii List of Figures vi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 Statement of the Problem Context 3 Purpose Statement 5 Importance of the Study 6 Philosophy of Teaching: The Driver Model 8 Limitations 9 Outline of the Chapters 12 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 13 Defining Global Education 13 Humanization of the Curriculum Expectations 20 The Human Element - The One World Youth Project 24 OWYP: A Canadian Case Study 28 Implementation: The Driver Model 29 Diversity 32 Reflection 36 Interrelations 39 Vitality 42 Enlightenment 45 Recognition 49 Conclusion 53 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES 54 The Site 57 Case Study Participants 57 My Critical Friend 60 Data Collection 61 Qualitative Instruments 63 Data Analysis 66 Ethical Considerations 69 Dissemination 72 Summary 74 CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION OF RESULTS 75 Section One: Impact of a Human Connection in a Global Education Program 76 The Human Link 76 Engagement and Motivation 83 Section Two: Developing a Critical Consciousness of Current Global Issues 89 Background Knowledge 89 IV Empathy and Critical Consciousness 92 Section Three: Findings on The Driver Model 106 Diversity 107 Reflection 108 Interrelations 114 Vitality 117 Enlightenment 120 Recognition 123 Conclusion 128 CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, DISCUSSION, AND IMPLICATIONS.. 129 Summary 132 Discussions/Conclusions 134 Implications 138 Final Thoughts 143 REFERENCES 146 APPENDICES Appendix A: The Millennium Development Goals 153 Appendix B: Critical Friend Post Observation Interview Questions 154 Appendix C: Student Interview Questions 155 Appendix D: One World Youth Project Questionnaire 157 Appendix E: Thematic Coding Key 158 Appendix F: Pen Pal Letter Organization Chart 159 Appendix G: Iqbal Chapter 8 Questions 161 Appendix H: What Should Be Done to Achieve MDG #1? 162 Appendix I: International Trade Simulation 163 Appendix J: A Class Divided Video Review and Racism Poster Assignment 178 Appendix K.: Poverty Narrative 181 Appendix L: A&E Essay Outline 183 Appendix M: Clearance from Brock's Research Ethics Board.... 186 v List of Figures Figure Page 1: The Driver Model of Curriculum Development 30 2: The Theoretical Underpinnings of the Driver Model 31 3: Roles in the Driver Model of Curriculum Development 33 4: Dialectic Action Research Spiral Used in this Study 58 5: Triangulation Matrix Used in this Study 62 VI CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Practicing educators are constantly confronted with the dilemma of which curriculum expectations to focus on so that their students will be successful as they move through the school system and in their careers. While teaching longitude and latitude, the concept of time zones and the trade relationships Canada has with other nations is important, it is also important to teach students to respect diversity in society, develop empathy for others and become advocates for change to improve the quality of life for every person on the planet. What does the future hold for our children? Kirkwood believes that "their daily lives will include individuals from diverse ethnic, gender, linguistic, racial and socioeconomic backgrounds. They will experience some of history's most serious health problems, inequities among less developed and more developed nations, environmental deterioration, overpopulation transnational migrations, ethnic nationalism and the decline of the nation state, (in Burnouf, 2004, p. 1) If the outlook for our children's future is so bleak, full of controversy and strife, then efforts must be made to prepare our children so that they will be able to confront and deal with these issues in a co-operative and effective manner. Theorists like Hanvey (1976) and Merryfield, Lo, Po and Kasai (2008) have developed global education curriculum models that can be utilized by educators to teach global issues in their classrooms. These models focus on enabling students to become conscious of their place in the world, allow them to inquire about current global issues, and promote the development of essential skills that will allow students to advocate for change on behalf of these global issues. Researchers like, R. Gardner (2003), McLean, Cook, and Crowe (2006), Wasyliw, Krout, and MeKernun (2003), and Morris (2003) have reflected on various ease studies where educators have implemented global education programs that enable students to develop empathy for others, gain respect for diversity, examine global issues from multiple perspectives, and develop potential solutions. In this study, I developed a curriculum unit on stopping poverty and hunger around the world based upon the Driver Model of Curriculum Development (Honsinger, 2006) that was administered to a split grade 5/6 classroom of 33 students. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the human element on a global education program. I based my research design on Mills's Dialectic Action Research Spiral (Mills, 2007) so that the design of the curriculum unit could be dynamic and flow with the interests of the students as determined through critical reflections of the data, artifacts from the participants, and from my own journal.