Tree-Maps: a Space-Filling Approach to the Visualization of Hierarchical Information Structures Brian Johnson Ben Shneiderman Bri Anj@ Cs
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An Interview with Visualization Pioneer Ben Shneiderman
6/23/2020 The purpose of visualization is insight, not pictures: An interview with visualization pioneer Ben Shneiderman The purpose of visualization is insight, not pictures: An interview with visualization pioneer Ben Shneiderman Jessica Hullman Follow Mar 12, 2019 · 13 min read Few people in visualization research have had careers as long and as impactful as Ben Shneiderman. We caught up with Ben over email in between his travels to get his take on visualization research, what’s worked in his career, and his advice for practitioners and researchers. Enjoy! Multiple Views: One of the main purposes of this blog is to explain to people what visualization research is to practitioners and, possibly, laypeople. How would you answer the question “what is visualization research”? Ben S: First let me define information visualization and its goals, then I can describe visualization research. Information visualization is a powerful interactive strategy for exploring data, especially when combined with statistical methods. Analysts in every field can use interactive information visualization tools for: more effective detection of faulty data, missing data, unusual distributions, and anomalies deeper and more thorough data analyses that produce profounder insights, and richer understandings that enable researchers to ask bolder questions. Like a telescope or microscope that increases your perceptual abilities, information visualization amplifies your cognitive abilities to understand complex processes so as to support better decisions. In our best -
Treemap Art Project
EVERY ALGORITHM HAS ART IN IT Treemap Art Project By Ben Shneiderman Visit Exhibitions @ www.cpnas.org 2 tree-structured data as a set of nested rectangles) which has had a rippling impact on systems of data visualization since they were rst conceived in the 1990s. True innovation, by denition, never rests on accepted practices but continues to investigate by nding new In his book, “Visual Complexity: Mapping Patterns of perspectives. In this spirit, Shneiderman has created a series Information”, Manuel Lima coins the term networkism which of prints that turn our perception of treemaps on its head – an he denes as “a small but growing artistic trend, characterized eort that resonates with Lima’s idea of networkism. In the by the portrayal of gurative graph structures- illustrations of exhibition, Every AlgoRim has ART in it: Treemap Art network topologies revealing convoluted patterns of nodes and Project, Shneiderman strips his treemaps of the text labels to links.” Explaining networkism further, Lima reminds us that allow the viewer to consider their aesthetic properties thus the domains of art and science are highly intertwined and that laying bare the fundamental property that makes data complexity science is a new source of inspiration for artists and visualization eective. at is to say that the human mind designers as well as scientists and engineers. He states that processes information dierently when it is organized visually. this movement is equally motivated by the unveiling of new In so doing Shneiderman seems to daringly cross disciplinary is exhibit is a project of the knowledge domains as it is by the desire for the representation boundaries to wear the hat of the artist – something that has Cultural Programs of the National Academy of Sciences of complex systems. -
The Eyes Have It: a Task by Data Type Taxonomy for Information Visualizations
The Eyes Have It: A Task by Data Type Taxonomy for Information Visualizations Ben Shneiderman Department of Computer Science, Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory, and Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742 USA ben @ cs.umd.edu keys), are being pushed aside by newer notions of Abstract information gathering, seeking, or visualization and data A useful starting point for designing advanced graphical mining, warehousing, or filtering. While distinctions are user interjaces is the Visual lnformation-Seeking Mantra: subtle, the common goals reach from finding a narrow set overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand. of items in a large collection that satisfy a well-understood But this is only a starting point in trying to understand the information need (known-item search) to developing an rich and varied set of information visualizations that have understanding of unexpected patterns within the collection been proposed in recent years. This paper offers a task by (browse) (Marchionini, 1995). data type taxonomy with seven data types (one-, two-, Exploring information collections becomes three-dimensional datu, temporal and multi-dimensional increasingly difficult as the volume grows. A page of data, and tree and network data) and seven tasks (overview, information is easy to explore, but when the information Zoom, filter, details-on-demand, relate, history, and becomes the size of a book, or library, or even larger, it extracts). may be difficult to locate known items or to browse to gain an overview, Designers are just discovering how to use the rapid and Everything points to the conclusion that high resolution color displays to present large amounts of the phrase 'the language of art' is more information in orderly and user-controlled ways. -
Christopher L. North – Curriculum Vitae (Updated Sept 2014)
Christopher L. North – Curriculum Vitae (updated Sept 2014) Department of Computer Science (540) 231-2458 114 McBryde Hall (540) 231-9218 fax Virginia Tech north @ vt . edu Blacksburg, VA 24061-0106 http://www.cs.vt.edu/~north/ Google Scholar: • http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=yBZ7vtkAAAAJ • h-index = 35 Short Bio: Dr. Chris North is a Professor of Computer Science at Virginia Tech. He is Associate Director of the Discovery Analytics Center, and leads the Visual Analytics research group. He is principle architect of the GigaPixel Display Laboratory, one of the most advanced display and interaction facilities in the world. He also participates in the Center for Human-Computer Interaction, and the Hume Center for National Security, and is a member of the DHS supported VACCINE Visual Analytics Center of Excellence. He was awarded Faculty Fellow of the College of Engineering in 2007, and the Dean’s Award for Research Excellence in 2014. He earned his Ph.D. at the University of Maryland, College Park, in 2000. He has served as General Co-Chair of IEEE VisWeek 2009, and as Papers Chair of the IEEE Information Visualization (InfoVis) and IEEE Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) Conferences. He has served on the editorial boards of IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG), the Information Visualization journal, and Foundations and Trends in HCI. He has been awarded over $6M in grants, co-authored over 100 peer-reviewed publications, and delivered 3 keynote addresses at symposia in the field. He has graduated 8 Ph.D. and 14 M.S. thesis students, 4 receiving outstanding research awards at Virginia Tech, and advised over 70 undergraduate research students including several award winners at Virginia Tech’s annual undergraduate research symposium. -
Concept Mapping, Mind Mapping and Argument Mapping: What Are the Differences and Do They Matter?
Concept Mapping, Mind Mapping and Argument Mapping: What are the Differences and Do They Matter? W. Martin Davies The University of Melbourne, Australia [email protected] Abstract: In recent years, academics and educators have begun to use software mapping tools for a number of education-related purposes. Typically, the tools are used to help impart critical and analytical skills to students, to enable students to see relationships between concepts, and also as a method of assessment. The common feature of all these tools is the use of diagrammatic relationships of various kinds in preference to written or verbal descriptions. Pictures and structured diagrams are thought to be more comprehensible than just words, and a clearer way to illustrate understanding of complex topics. Variants of these tools are available under different names: “concept mapping”, “mind mapping” and “argument mapping”. Sometimes these terms are used synonymously. However, as this paper will demonstrate, there are clear differences in each of these mapping tools. This paper offers an outline of the various types of tool available and their advantages and disadvantages. It argues that the choice of mapping tool largely depends on the purpose or aim for which the tool is used and that the tools may well be converging to offer educators as yet unrealised and potentially complementary functions. Keywords: Concept mapping, mind mapping, computer-aided argument mapping, critical thinking, argument, inference-making, knowledge mapping. 1. INTRODUCTION The era of computer-aided mapping tools is well and truly here. In the past five to ten years, a variety of software packages have been developed that enable the visual display of information, concepts and relations between ideas. -
Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence: Three Fresh Ideas
AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction Volume 12 Issue 3 Article 1 9-30-2020 Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence: Three Fresh Ideas Ben Shneiderman University of Maryland, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://aisel.aisnet.org/thci Recommended Citation Shneiderman, B. (2020). Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence: Three Fresh Ideas. AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction, 12(3), 109-124. https://doi.org/10.17705/1thci.00131 DOI: 10.17705/1thci.00131 This material is brought to you by the AIS Journals at AIS Electronic Library (AISeL). It has been accepted for inclusion in AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction by an authorized administrator of AIS Electronic Library (AISeL). For more information, please contact [email protected]. Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction 109 Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction Volume 12 Issue 3 9-2020 Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence: Three Fresh Ideas Ben Shneiderman Department of Computer Science and Human-Computer Interaction Lab, University of Maryland, College Park, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://aisel.aisnet.org/thci/ Recommended Citation Shneiderman, B. (2020). Human-centered artificial intelligence: Three fresh ideas. AIS Transactions on Human- Computer Interaction, 12(3), pp. 109-124. DOI: 10.17705/1thci.00131 Available at http://aisel.aisnet.org/thci/vol12/iss3/1 Volume 12 pp. 109 – 124 Issue 3 110 Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction Research Commentary DOI: 10.17705/1thci.00131 ISSN: 1944-3900 Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence: Three Fresh Ideas Ben Shneiderman Department of Computer Science and Human-Computer Interaction Lab, University of Maryland, College Park [email protected] Abstract: Human-Centered AI (HCAI) is a promising direction for designing AI systems that support human self-efficacy, promote creativity, clarify responsibility, and facilitate social participation. -
Geotime for a Patrol
GeoTime Visualization for Peace Support Operations William Wright and Thomas Kapler Oculus Info Inc. Toronto, Canada [email protected] 1. INTRODUCTION Visualization display techniques allow people to see, use and interact with large amounts of multi- dimensional data in a natural and easy manner, particularly in complex, time sensitive situations. Information visualization techniques amplify cognition by increasing human mental resources, reducing search times, improving recognition of patterns, increasing inference making, and increasing monitoring scope [1, 6]. These benefits translate into significant system and task related performance objectives [7]. As more information is available, from more sources, commanders with advanced visualization capabilities will be able to make the most of this data without being overwhelmed. Operational and planning tasks are both amenable to visualization support. Previous work with DARPA’s Command Post of the Future program has shown the importance of multiple, shared, tailored views rather than one common operational picture, and has demonstrated significant progress for Force-on-Force scenarios [3, 7]. There is an opportunity to explore potential high payoff, leap ahead tailored visualization techniques suitable for the unique demands of Peace Support Operations (PSO) and that build on the success to date. This paper reports on one new concept for geo-temporal visualization conceived during a research project sponsored by DRDC in 2002. The term Operations Other than War (OOTW) covers a wide range of activities, for example domestic operations in Canada (Ice Storm 98), humanitarian assistance abroad (Honduran earthquake), or peace support operations (Bosnia). In order to focus the initial work, the investigation and analysis was confined to peace support operations. -
Empirical Studies in Information Visualization: Seven Scenarios Heidi Lam, Enrico Bertini, Petra Isenberg, Catherine Plaisant, Sheelagh Carpendale
Empirical Studies in Information Visualization: Seven Scenarios Heidi Lam, Enrico Bertini, Petra Isenberg, Catherine Plaisant, Sheelagh Carpendale To cite this version: Heidi Lam, Enrico Bertini, Petra Isenberg, Catherine Plaisant, Sheelagh Carpendale. Empirical Studies in Information Visualization: Seven Scenarios. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2012, 18 (9), pp.1520–1536. 10.1109/TVCG.2011.279. hal-00932606 HAL Id: hal-00932606 https://hal.inria.fr/hal-00932606 Submitted on 17 Jan 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. JOURNAL SUBMISSION 1 Empirical Studies in Information Visualization: Seven Scenarios Heidi Lam Enrico Bertini Petra Isenberg Catherine Plaisant Sheelagh Carpendale Abstract—We take a new, scenario based look at evaluation in information visualization. Our seven scenarios, evaluating visual data analysis and reasoning, evaluating user performance, evaluating user experience, evaluating environments and work practices, evaluating communication through visualization, evaluating visualization algorithms, and evaluating collaborative data analysis were derived through an extensive literature review of over 800 visualization publications. These scenarios distinguish different study goals and types of research questions and are illustrated through example studies. Through this broad survey and the distillation of these scenarios we make two contributions. -
Paradigm Shift in How People Interact with Media
THE PARSONS INSTITUTE 68 Fifth Avenue 212 229 6825 FOR INFORMATION MAPPING New York, NY 10011 piim.newschool.edu Paradigm Shift in How People Interact with Media MI-SUN KIM, BFA KEYWORDS Data visualization, information graphics, interactive media, news graphics, reader participation URL http://infographics.chosun.com/ ABSTRACT Today’s newsreaders seek to effectively extract accurate and trustworthy information from the over- whelming flood of available media. Various mass media organizations have contributed considerable effort to meet Figure 1: InfoGraphics, Chosun.com: three aspects of these readers’ expectations. Such effort has also created media are composed together, these include information, a uniquely competitive marketing endeavor to find new graphics, and news. methods of presentation. After over two years of thorough preparations and strategic trials focused on meeting read- Presenting news content through information graphics ers’ needs, Chosun.com officially launched InfoGraphics to enhances the storytelling process, however, our objective provide highly compelling presentations of news through is to go beyond this to present more highly sophisticated the paradigm of information visualization (Figure 1). news content. Creating quality information graphics Chosun.com is one of the leading news websites in South requires a more thorough analyses and reconstruction of Korea; it is affiliated with The Chosun Ilbo (Korea Daily content. The process entails the comprehensive collection News), the largest and most read newspaper in South of the core information, as well as its contextual informa- Korea (Figure 2, next page). tion and related social issues. Therefore, when we present The term InfoGraphics, as used by Chosun.com, seeks our information graphics, we need to synchronize the core to combine the following three media aspects: informa- information with rich contextual issues. -
Beyond Animation: Interactive Visualization Techniques for Big Transportation Data
Beyond Animation: Interactive Visualization Techniques for Big Transportation Data Michael L. Pack Univ. of Maryland CATT Laboratory Traditional Modeling & Simulation Outputs Things we all care about • Solving problems • Analyzing data • See what we study actually get used by others! Things we all NEED to care MORE about • Showcasing our work to others • Getting people excited about our work • Getting people who have the power to fund our work willing to fund MORE of our work! • COMMUNICATING RESULTS! Changing our mindset • Is an animation always appropriate? • What other options do I have? • Should this be difficult? • Do we have the tools we need? • Goal: “Effectively communicating our results to get better results.” How much data are we getting today? • RITIS Today • Traffic events: 40,000 records per day: 0.001 Gb/day • Traffic detectors: 35,000,000 records per day: 5 Gb/day • Probe vehicle data: 4,200,000,000 records per day: 550 Gb/day • CCTV, weather, radio, etc: NO,STA,TSK,EPT records per day: ??? Tb/day • V2X & Automation data: ?,???,???,???,??? records per day: ??? ?b/day Our Challenge • Our mission is to make ALL of this data • easily accessible, • usable, and • understandable to end users and ITS applications… How do we attempt to do this? 7 © 2013 Michael L. Pack, UMD CATT Laboratory Visual Analytics • Not just about pics and graphs… • Traditional querying (or analysis) demands that you • Know what question to ask • know how to ask it (SQL or other language) • Visual Analytics provide the freedom to: - Explore data in new ways - Ask meaningful questions that you wouldn’t have normally thought to ask - Develop new hypothesis - and realize new solutions 8 Why Visualization? • Visual bandwidth is enormous • Human perceptual skills are remarkable • Trend, cluster, gap, outlier.. -
Tile-Based Methods for Online Choropleth Mapping: a Scalability Evaluation by Myung-Hwa Hwang
Tile-based Methods for Online Choropleth Mapping: A Scalability Evaluation by Myung-Hwa Hwang A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Approved September 2013 by the Graduate Supervisory Committee: Luc Anselin, Chair Sergio J. Rey Elizabeth A. Wentz ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY December 2013 ABSTRACT Choropleth maps are a common form of online cartographic visualization. They reveal patterns in spatial distributions of a variable by associating colors with data values measured at areal units. Although this capability of pattern revelation has popularized the use of choropleth maps, existing methods for their online delivery are limited in supporting dynamic map generation from large areal data. This limitation has become increasingly problematic in online choropleth mapping as access to small area statistics, such as high- resolution census data and real-time aggregates of geospatial data streams, has never been easier due to advances in geospatial web technologies. The current literature shows that the challenge of large areal data can be mitigated through tiled maps where pre-processed map data are hierarchically partitioned into tiny rectangular images or map chunks for ef- ficient data transmission. Various approaches have emerged lately to enable this tile-based choropleth mapping, yet little empirical evidence exists on their ability to handle spatial data with large numbers of areal units, thus complicating technical decision making in the development of online choropleth mapping applications. To fill this knowledge gap, this dissertation study conducts a scalability evaluation of three tile-based methods discussed in the literature: raster, scalable vector graphics (SVG), and HTML5 Canvas. -
Ben Shneiderman Presented by Dinah Coops, Bella Chiu, and Kyle Thomas
Ben Shneiderman Presented by Dinah Coops, Bella Chiu, and Kyle Thomas Ben Shneiderman at the TreeMap Art Project exhibit, 2013 HCDE 501 - January 22, 2019 https://treemapart.wo rdpress.com Presenters Dinah Bella Kyle Career Trajectory Hypertext Research Direct Manipulation, and dev. of HyperTIES Spotfire From Keyword Search BS, MS & PHD + + to Exploration Teaching Founding Director Reading in Information + Professor at of HCI Lab Visualization: Using Analyzing Social Media University of MD University of Maryland Vision to think Networks with Node XL 1963- 1970- 1997- 2002- 2010- 2015- 1983 1986 2018 1973 1999 2003 2011 2018 Software The Eight Golden Rules Leonardo’s Laptop Node XL Psychology of Interface Design + + + + Craft of Information The New ABC’s Nassi-Shneiderman Designing the Visualizations of Research Diagrams User Interface + + Treemaps Rock the Research Scope of Influence: Theory and Frameworks 5 USES OF HCI THEORY TREE- HCI MAPPING THEORY INFORMATION VISUALIZATION SOFTWARE PSYCHOLOGY DESIGNING THE USER NASSI- SHNEIDERMA N INTERFACE DIAGRAMS 6 REVISIONS SPOTFIRE DIRECT EIGHT GOLDEN MANIPULATION RULES OF INTERFACE DESIGN HYPER- LINKS Honorary degrees Honorary Doctorate Honorary Doctorate Honorary Doctorate University of Stony Brook University, Swansea University, Guelph, Canada United States Wales, UK 2002- 1995 2010 2015 2017 2018 2003 Honorary Doctorate Honorary Doctorate Honorary Doctorate University of of Engineering University of Pretoria, Castile-La Mancha, University of South Africa Spain Melbourne, Australia Achievements 2001 ACM SIGCHI Lifetime Achievement Award Ben ACM SIGCHI is the premier international society President for professionals, academics and students who are interested in human-technology and human-computer interaction (HCI). The CHI Lifetime Achievement Award is the most prestigious award SIGCHI gives.