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Distance Education for Teacher Training: Modes, Models, and Methods

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Distance Education for Teacher Training: Modes, Models, and Methods Distance Education for Teacher Training: Modes, Models, and Methods Mary Burns Education Development Center, Inc. Washington, DC Distance Education for Teacher Training: Modes, Models, and Methods Acknowledgments Thanks to the following Education Development Center, Inc. (EDC), colleagues for their review of and feedback on this guide: Steve Anzalone, Director of Asian Center, International Development Division at EDC Cornelia Brunner, Senior Research Scientist, Center for Children and Technology at EDC Tom Haferd, Senior Research Associate, Learning and Teaching Division at EDC Craig Hoyle, Senior Research Scientist, Learning and Teaching Division at EDC Barbara Treacy, Director, EdTech Leaders Online, Learning and Teaching Division at EDC Particular thanks to Andrea Osborne-Smith, International Technical Advisor, International Development Division at EDC for her careful edits to this guide. Also, my thanks to the Creative Services team at EDC for their expertise in designing and copyediting this guide. About the Author Mary Burns is a Senior Technology Specialist at EDC just outside Boston, Massachusetts. A former teacher in the United States, México, and Jamaica for 10 years, she has worked in the area of technology-enabled professional development since 1997, instructing in, designing, and evaluating both distance-based and face-to-face professional development. She has authored over 30 articles, books, and monographs about teacher professional development and technology and works primarily in the United States, South Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. She can be reached at [email protected]. Acknowledgments i Distance Education for Teacher Training: Modes, Models, and Methods Table of Contents Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................................i About the Author ..................................................................................................................................................i Foreword ...............................................................................................................................................................1 About This Guide .................................................................................................................................................2 Caveats .................................................................................................................................................................4 Section I: Distance Education: Modes and Models .....................................................................................7 Distance Education: Modes and Models ........................................................................................................9 Chapter 1: Print-based Distance Education ................................................................................................ 12 Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 12 Examples of Print-based Distance Learning for Upgrading Teachers’ Qualifications ................. 12 Considerations: Print as a Distance Learning Tool ........................................................................ 14 Summary of Print-based Correspondence Model .......................................................................... 15 Chapter 2: Audio-based Distance Education ............................................................................................... 18 Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 18 Two-Way Audio ................................................................................................................................ 18 Broadcast Radio ............................................................................................................................... 19 Interactive Radio Instruction (IRI) ................................................................................................. 21 Interactive Audio Instruction (IAI) ................................................................................................. 23 Other Forms of Audio-based Distance Education ......................................................................... 25 Phones and Audio Conferencing ..................................................................................................... 26 Considerations: Audio as a Distance Learning Tool....................................................................... 27 Summary of Audio-based Distance Education ............................................................................... 29 Chapter 3: Televisually-based Distance Education .....................................................................................32 Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 32 Television ......................................................................................................................................... 32 Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) ............................................................................................... 37 Video ................................................................................................................................................ 39 Videoconferencing ........................................................................................................................... 42 Considerations: Television and Video as Distance Learning Tools ............................................... 44 Summary of Televisually-based Distance Education ..................................................................... 46 Chapter 4: Multimedia-based Distance Learning .......................................................................................49 Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 49 CD-ROMs, DVDs, and VCDs ........................................................................................................... 50 Group Teaching and Learning Software (GTLS) ............................................................................ 52 Table of Contents iii Distance Education for Teacher Training: Modes, Models, and Methods Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI)................................................................................................. 53 Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) ................................................................................................. 54 Digital Learning Games ................................................................................................................... 55 Other Forms of Multimedia ............................................................................................................ 59 Considerations: Multimedia as a Distance Learning Tool ............................................................. 59 Summary of Computer-based Multimedia Distance Learning ..................................................... 60 Chapter 5: Established Web-based Models for Distance Learning .........................................................63 Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 63 What Is Online Learning? ............................................................................................................... 64 Why Online Learning? .................................................................................................................... 65 Online Courses ................................................................................................................................. 68 Blended Learning ............................................................................................................................. 70 Computer-Mediated Communication ............................................................................................ 72 Online Coaching and Mentoring .................................................................................................... 74 Virtual Schools ................................................................................................................................. 74 Online Tutoring and “Schools of One” ........................................................................................... 76 Teleresearch and Telecollaboration ................................................................................................. 78 Online Learning Communities ....................................................................................................... 80 Webcasts and Webinars ................................................................................................................... 81 Portals .............................................................................................................................................. 83 Real Simple Syndication (RSS) ........................................................................................................ 85 Considerations: Web-based Learning as a Distance Learning Tool .............................................. 86 Summary
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