THE EUROPEAN INVESTIGATOR TARGETING CRIMINALS ACROSS BORDERS

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kg105222_EN_MT_BAT.indd cover1 2/08/11 15:19 © European Offi ce, 2011 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.

Proofreading: Jo Gidney,

Cover photo: Spanish Police

Special thanks to investigators Hans-Peter Seewald, Bundespolizei, Innsbruck, Austria; Pasquale Sorgoná, , Pescara, Italy; and Bernie Gravett, Metropolitan Police Force, London, UK, for their contributions

More information on Europol is available at http://www.europol.europa.eu

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CONTENTS

3 Introduction

5 Operational analysis

9 Mobile office — On-the-spot support

11 Forensic and technical support

17 The benefits of employing a Joint Investigation Team

21 Europol National Unit

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kg105222_EN_MT_BAT.indd 2 2/08/11 15:19 INTRODUCTION

Have you ever had an investigation that came to a dead end? Perhaps there was a missing link? All your leads led nowhere? Have you had cases where your suspect was working with international criminals across the border?

Europol could have helped you in all of these cases. Europol supports investigators in the 27 EU countries to prevent and combat all forms of serious international crime and terrorism. Europol offi cers have no direct powers of arrest. Their task is to support colleagues working across Europe by gathering, analysing and dissem- inating criminal intelligence and coordinating international police operations. Europol’s partners use this input to prevent, detect and investigate crimes, and to track down and prosecute the criminals.

Europol delivers a unique set of operational services for the European Union, acting as the:

▪ support centre for law enforcement operations ▪ criminal information hub and ▪ centre for law enforcement expertise.

The European investigator provides a succinct overview of how EU law enforcement of- fi cers can benefi t from Europol’s operational support. Each chapter illustrates the different kind of assistance offered by Europol: 3

▪ Operational analysis ▪ Mobile office — On-the-spot support ▪ Forensic and technical support ▪ The benefits of employing a Joint Investigation Team and ▪ Information on your Europol National Unit.

If you think your investigation could benefi t from Europol’s assistance, please contact your Europol National Unit. © Andrzej Mitura

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kg105222_EN_MT_BAT.indd 4 2/08/11 15:19 OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS

From an Austrian investigator:

‘The fi rst report came into our unit at the Austrian ment data had been recorded in many cases, in Innsbruck late one November making it possible for us all to tap into this infor- evening. Ram-raiders had smashed open an elec- mation through Europol. trical retailer and got away with a large haul of electronic goods. Europol then hosted an operational meeting where the affected police authorities could dis- We soon started to see a pattern emerging, as cuss intelligence, tactics and future operations. four Austrian electronics stores from the same The Lithuanian authorities were obviously a key chain were systematically robbed in exactly the part of this international team of investigators same way. Modus operandi: The gang took a from six countries. stolen vehicle and drove it right through the front of the store, sometimes fi rst using a stone Intelligence revealed that this criminal group had cutter to destroy the protective concrete bol- organisers who were instructed by their Lithu- lards outside the shop. During the ram-raids, anian bosses as to which shops they should tar- up to fi ve people would rush into the store and, get and what they should steal. The organisers in under 90 seconds, they would bag loads of would then travel with their ‘soldiers’ to selected high-value electronics such as cameras, mo- countries and would visit the stores in advance bile phones, notebooks and MP3 players. All of to check the store layout and exact locations of this action was captured by the in-store CCTV the goods they wanted. They carried out the cameras. ram-raids in Austria, Belgium, France, Italy and Sweden — targeting the same two multinational 5 Based on evidence gathered, we soon realised chains of electronics shops. This gang had been that we were dealing with a Lithuanian organised responsible for at least 20 ram-raids throughout criminal group. This international link prompted Europe, clocking up damages alone estimated to us to get Europol involved. We got straight in be around EUR 1.5 million. touch with our Europol National Unit to start the process. We began the information exchange by The Lithuanian authorities gave the highest pri- providing any intelligence we already had on the ority to solving this case and, as a result, we gang which included data on their Lithuanian planned our day of action in Lithuania at a co- mobile phones being used in Austria. This data ordination meeting hosted by Eurojust. One April was fed into Europol’s information system and morning, 55 Lithuanian police offi cers, supported Europol’s analysis report came back, telling us by colleagues from Austria and Sweden, carried there were links to Belgium, France, Italy and out 16 house searches to catch the suspects and Sweden. The suspects had been police checked gather potential evidence. Two Europol offi cers on the road and at border crossings in several were on the spot to provide further support to countries — luckily, their ID and vehicle docu- the investigators.

Ram-raiders rob the shop and bag their loot in under 90 seconds. © Jean-François Guiot

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kg105222_EN_MT_BAT.indd 5 2/08/11 15:19 We had a successful day of action, deliver- to successfully tackle cross-border organised ing a major blow against the gang by putting crime together. 18 people behind bars. This was a perfect ex- ample of how effective international cooper- After the event, the electrical retailer affected ation can be. Europol, and its network of by these crimes informed us that, since the ar- liaison officers, supports and builds trust rests, no further ram-raids had been carried out between European law enforcement authorities in Europe, so it was an excellent result all round.’

ANALYTICAL SUPPORT

100 criminal analysts, who are among high-priority serious crime areas im- the best trained in the world and use pacting the European Union. state-of-the-art tools to uncover the activities of some of the most dan- Analytical support can be provided gerous organised crime and terrorist remotely from Europol premises, or networks operating in Europe. The de- in the fi eld. AWFs offer a variety of 6 livery of this work takes place within operational and strategic products the framework of an analysis work which are shared among participants. fi le (AWF). The AWF is an instrument Within an AWF, a specifi c target group unique to Europol, in which analysts or Joint Investigation Team can be set work together with organised crime up to meet the needs of a group of Analysis is at the core of Europol’s and terrorism specialists to gather Member States and to tackle a com- activities. It employs more than criminal intelligence. AWFs cover all mon criminal phenomenon.

OPERATIONAL CENTRE 24/7

The main aim is to support law en- forcement agencies in their ongoing international investigations and to be the single point of contact for receiv- ing operational requests and informa- tion. This enables Europol analysts to run an overall search of all the Europol data systems, to search for any missing links in ongoing investi- gations. Europol’s operational coordin- © Rein Partel ation and support centre operates on a 24/7 basis. Europol supports more Europol provides a rapid and fl exible centre is a central point where criminal than 12 000 serious crime and terror- response to ongoing international in- information from multiple sources and ism cases per year, with this number vestigations. The Europol operational multiple countries is cross-checked. increasing every year.

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kg105222_EN_MT_BAT.indd 6 2/08/11 15:19 SECURE INFORMATION EXCHANGE NETWORK APPLICATION (SIENA)

Europol liaison offi cers, analysts and related information between Member experts use secure and innovative States, Europol and third parties with communication means in their work. which Europol has cooperation agree- SIENA is the new generation tool that ments. SIENA operates in a way that meets the 21st century communica- complies with all the legal require- tion needs of EU law enforcement. ments of data protection and confi den- It is used to manage the exchange tiality. It ensures the secure exchange © Shutterstock of operational and strategic crime- of sensitive information.

Member State liaison bureau

SIENA

Member State (Another competent Third parties Member State authority) Europol National Unit

Europol ensures a safe exchange of crime-related information via SIENA.

7 EUROPOL INFORMATION SYSTEM

The Europol information system allows tigations and facilitates the sharing of the storing, searching, visualising and sensitive information in a secure and linking of information related to trans- reliable way. The information system national crimes. It allows law enforce- is available in all offi cial EU languages. ment agencies across Europe to co- Future versions of the system will pro- operate on international investigations. vide functionalities to match biometric The system automatically detects any data such as DNA profi les, fi ngerprints possible hits between different inves- and photographs.

EUROPOL LIAISON OFFICERS

offi cers are seconded to Europol by all analytical projects, facilitating the EU and non-EU law enforcement au- exchange of strategic and operational thorities. They guarantee fast and information. They participate in op- effective cooperation based on per- erational meetings and coordinate sonal contact and mutual trust. The controlled deliveries and cross-bor- network of Europol liaison offi cers is der surveillance in a 24/7 call sys- © Shutterstock © Dreamstime a unique platform to group offi cers tem. They have also an advisory role from over 30 countries together in a and liaise with their national experts Some 130 liaison offi cers are based at secure operational environment. The to support the establishment of Joint Europol headquarters. These liaison liaison offi cers actively participate in Investigation Teams.

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© Shutterstock

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kg105222_EN_MT_BAT.indd 8 2/08/11 15:19 MOBILE OFFICE — ON-THE-SPOT SUPPORT

Reports come in of four jewellery shop robberies and Austria. A joint police operation is set up and in Paris. Another one has been broken into on carried out in Estonia. Boulevard Barceló in Brussels. And six jewellery shops have been robbed in a similar way in Austria During the operation, all the suspects are arrested (Vienna and Salzburg), by suspects from Estonia. and searches are carried out at their residences. Many mobile phones, SIM cards, notes and other records are seized. Europol analyses this data to identify further international links. Physical evi- dence linking the suspects to the robberies is found.

Europol receives data — which have been analysed throughout the operation — from the countries in- volved. Several reports are issued to the Member States concerned. On the day of action, arrests and house searches are supported by a Europol team: specialists and analysts are present at the coordination centre set up in Tallinn and an on-the- spot mobile offi ce is used to support the operation.

This particular operation has led to the identifi - cation and arrest of eight suspected members 9 of Estonian-based gangs in Belgium, France and A typical jewellery shop targeted by the criminal gang. Austria.

To aid national investigators, Europol organises a Europol supports more than 12 000 cases per preparatory meeting which is attended by inves- year. Many of them involve the Europol mobile tigators from Belgium, Germany, Estonia, France offi ce and on-the-spot Europol offi cers.

MOBILE OFFICE

The mobile offi ce, staffed by Europol experts and ana- office is deployed; the immediate result is invaluable lysts, can provide support for a wide range of activities when it comes to fast-moving investigations; such as ongoing investigations, major sports events, ▪ the possibility to deliver on-the-spot analytical prod- key international conferences and other occasions ucts such as reports, charts and other data; where a mobilisation of police cooperation is needed to ▪ the possibility to deploy more mobile offices for the provide security. The following services are provided: same operation in the case of simultaneous arrests in different locations; ▪ real-time, secure access to the different Europol ▪ a satellite connection that increases the flexibility computerised analysis systems; data on people and of the system. phone numbers can be checked while the mobile

OPERATION MONET V

Under the remit of Operation Monet V, live analytical which targeted cash couriers within high-risk destina- support was provided via the mobile offi ce to Span- tion environments. As a result of the operation, the ish law enforcement authorities in Gran Canaria. One Guardia Civil seized EUR 402 090, 1.2 kg of cocaine Europol analyst was present throughout the operation, and other illicit products.

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kg105222_EN_MT_BAT.indd 10 2/08/11 15:19 FORENSIC AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT

From an Italian investigator:

‘It is five o’clock in the morning and my taxi is tions. Of course there are also the soldiers — waiting outside. At this time of the day it is still those in charge of collecting the credit cards. All dark, even though it is only the end of July. The air have monthly ‘targets’. Investigations lead to the in The Hague is crisp and carries the salty scent of fi rst identifi cations and the fi rst arrests. When the sea. In a few minutes, I will arrive at Europol we hear someone is arriving at an airport, we headquarters, as a national expert appointed by the identify them. If we hear they are recovering Italian to coordinate an international skimming devices, we arrest them. Each time operation, code-named Creieur. we operate using a different fi eld offi cer to reduce the suspicion of a planned attack.

We work to piece together the route to identify- ing the leaders. Investigations gather pace: in a period of around two years, some 600 000 phone calls have been examined from 450 phones and a clear picture of the Romanian criminal organi- sation created. It is a successful gang, which is stealing millions of euros every year.

We deliver our fi nal report to the Italian Judicial Authority: there are 36 people to arrest in fi ve 11 countries, and we do it discretely so as not to Let me turn back the clock to explain how I hap- compromise the rest of the operation. The gang pen to be at Europol this morning. The Italian is all over Europe. European arrest warrants are city of Pescara is suffering greatly from credit prepared but many cannot be delivered. The card skimming fraud. Evidence suggests the cul- prosecutor is determined and makes the most prits are a Romanian criminal group. of his experience — he contacts Investigations are authorised by the Europol and Eurojust. local prosecutor, and the police are able to use the usual methods — We meet, introduce ourselves and wiretaps, surveillance, translating speak about what we want to do, and shadowing. This is a busy group what we need and which countries of criminals and all efforts are made are involved. We share evidence to ensure that they are unaware and fix the next meeting. Now they are being tapped. The police other police offi cers are participat- team is experienced, talented and ing and judicial authorities from motivated. the countries involved are present. We fi nalise operational details and It appears the criminals are well or- decide on the date of action. ganised. They collect data and pass it back to Romania, where the fake So, that’s how I came to be in credit cards are created and then The Hague. Next, an operational sent back to the teams on the ground, across centre is established at Europol headquarters. the continent. The whole EU is under attack. It is Wiretaps tell us that the criminals suspect some- a very sophisticated operation. Leading operators thing, so the prosecutor prepares for arrests. in Romania manage the stolen data; technicians I enter the operational centre and see a team of create the skimming devices and recover the Europol experts prepared and ready for action. data from them; and logistics specialists provide A Europol mobile offi ce is ready. I am at the heart

© Alexandra Wegner accommodation for operators on the ground, as of policing at Europol and connected to police well as transport to and from airports and sta- teams spread across the continent.

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kg105222_EN_MT_BAT.indd 11 2/08/11 15:19 Criminal evidence seized during Operation Creieur.

The day of action starts at 6 a.m. and arrests Europol didn’t interfere. It said: “The investiga- take place all over Europe. The news starts to tion is yours, not ours.” It gave us valuable help, trickle in from Italy, the Netherlands and Ro- competent resources and a positive attitude. We 12 mania. Cooperation is excellent and phones are realised that, without assistance from our part- ringing. We manage to track down some crimi- ners across Europe, it would have been impossible nals who had disappeared. People who should to achieve such a spectacular result. There is one have been in Ireland are no longer there but more positive outcome — all Creieur operational they could be in Belgium. In minutes, we are data will be pooled in a dedicated Europol analysis in contact with a Belgian liaison offi cer. He tells work fi le (AWF), where it will be available to assist us that three people are being held and two are all other ongoing and future investigations. on the wanted list — success! More are arrested over the next two days. Eventually, two thirds of Looking back, it was exciting to experience the wanted criminals are apprehended. This is such a well-coordinated law enforcement international teamwork at its best — we would operation, especially for me, visiting this cold never have had this success without Europol and city on the North Sea coast from my sunny Eurojust. Italian town.’

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kg105222_EN_MT_BAT.indd 12 2/08/11 15:19 FORENSIC AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT

Europol provides forensic and technical support in the following areas:

▪ payment card fraud ▪ euro counterfeiting and the production of counterfeit goods ▪ cybercrime ▪ dismantling of illicit drug production, storage and dump sites.

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Europol supports an investigation of the largest illicit drug laboratory ever found in the Netherlands.

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kg105222_EN_MT_BAT.indd 13 2/08/11 15:19 DISMANTLING OF DRUGS LABORATORIES

The European Union is a significant photographic and technical information region for the illicit production of on synthetic drug production, storage synthetic drugs, particularly amphet- and dump sites. This enables the iden- amine and ecstasy. Each year around tifi cation of matches between seized 60 to 90 large-scale production sites equipment, materials and chemicals. are identifi ed, seized and dismantled. In addition, the Europol Synthetic Drug Storage sites for potentially dangerous System (ESDS) includes informa- precursor chemicals used in the drug tion on modi operandi and signifi cant manufacturing process are often dis- seiz ures. This enables the identifi cation 14 covered during investigations in Mem- of matches between seizures and helps ber States. Europol experts help to dis- to profi le and target criminal groups. mantle illicit production sites securely and collect evidence. They also carry The Europol Specifi c Means of Conceal- out technical investigations on custom- ment (ESMC) contains information on made and industrial equipment seized the concealment methods used to in production and storage units. transport cocaine.

The Europol Illicit Laboratory Compari- son System (EILCS) comprises detailed

Sample of photographic data stored in the Europol ESDS/ESMC: concealment of cocaine using animals.

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kg105222_EN_MT_BAT.indd 14 2/08/11 15:19 THE CENTRAL OFFICE FOR COMBATING EURO COUNTERFEITING

Europol has been designated the European Union’s central offi ce for combating euro counterfeiting. This legal status quali- fi es it to act as a worldwide contact point for combating counterfeiting of the currency.

Acting in this capacity, Europol provides, among other things, forensic support to determine the origin of materials and devices used for the manufacturing of counterfeits. Additionally, Europol provides technical support and training on tactical and technical issues to protect the euro from counterfeiting.

TERRORIST FINANCING TRACKING PROGRAMME — A NEW COUNTERTERRORISM SERVICE 15 On 1 August 2010, an agreement en- ment, and the USA cannot receive any fi nancial specialists and analysts, who tered into force between the United data unless and until this is verifi ed. will actively engage with US authorities States and the European Union on the to provide a comprehensive, robust re- processing and transfer of financial The agreement enables Europol to re- sponse which will focus the combined messaging data from the EU to the ceive intelligence leads from the US energies of the EU and US authorities USA to support the US Terrorist Fi- analysis programme and also allows in combating the fi nancing of terror- nancing Tracking Programme (TFTP). Europol to generate European analyt- ism. Counterterrorist investigators in Europol has been entrusted with the ical requests to the US TFTP. the EU Member States can access this new responsibility of verifying US re- signifi cant US programme, for example quests for data transfers. It reviews In order to accommodate the agree- to check the fi nancial activities of ter- such requests, ensuring that they are ment, Europol has created a dedicated rorist suspects, through the dedicated compliant with the terms of this agree- unit of experienced counterterrorism unit at Europol.

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kg105222_EN_MT_BAT.indd 16 2/08/11 15:19 THE BENEFITS OF EMPLOYING A JOINT INVESTIGATION TEAM

The benefi ts of a Joint Investigation Team (JIT) can pertise, which extended to language, intelligence, be realised by all law enforcement agencies, from the local knowledge, information and national contacts smallest to even the largest and most cosmopolitan back in Bucharest, made the whole operation run of law enforcement organisations. One of the part- much more smoothly. ners in Operation Golf — London’s Metropolitan Police Service — is very experienced in international inves- There is no doubt that the fi nancial support offered by tigations. The largest police force in the UK, with a the European Commission helped to sustain the com- huge international reputation, it regularly investigates mitment to this operation. This fi nancial support was crimes and offences on the international stage, mak- used to fund operational meetings in England, Romania ing full use of its own and its partners’ resources. But and Spain, and at Europol and Eurojust in The Hague. even the Metropolitan Police found that the JIT they Such meetings allowed investigators to sit down along- signed with the Romanian authori- side judicial authorities, Europol and ties, to deal with a specifi c human other partners, to plan and coordi- traffi cking crime issue on the streets nate the operation as it developed. of the capital, brought great benefi ts to their investigation. The support that Europol gave to the analytical work done on Opera- The JIT provided for the second- tion Golf and operationally through ment of two offi - the liaison bureaux, allied to the cers to London. This proved invalu- judicial support afforded by Euro- able in enhancing the Metropolitan just, ensured that the full range of 17 Police’s understanding of the cultural, legal and oper- tools available at EU level was utilised. This is even ational challenges they faced working hand-in-hand more relevant given that Operation Golf, with all with a foreign administration. The ability to initiate its success, is not an investigation led by a national enquiries knowing that they could, and would, be or specialist unit but was initiated by a city centre pursued within Romania on their behalf without the division, to deal with a problem which was having necessity of formal letters of request was a great a major local impact but was clearly organised at administrative relief. The availability of in-house ex- an international level.

© Fotolia

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kg105222_EN_MT_BAT.indd 17 2/08/11 15:19 OPERATION GOLF

Operation Golf: A Romanian village where criminals source children for traffi cking.

Operation Golf is a Metropolitan Po- lice Service criminal investigation into Romanian-organised Roma crime net- works and targets one of the largest human traffi cking rings in Europe. The 18 gangs specifi cally exploit children who are forced to routinely beg and steal across the UK and the rest of Europe. This operation is in partnership with the Crown Prosecution Service, the Ro- manian National Police, the UK Human Traffi cking Centre, Europol and Euro- just. The partnership is a formal Joint In contrast, the villa of one investigations. The ability to deploy Investigation Team (JIT) under EU law of the criminal traffi ckers. Romanian offi cers alongside my own and was the fi rst such JIT addressing during searches and arrests proved in- this type of crime in Europe. successful in receiving funding support valuable. They have conducted criminal from the European Commission, largely interviews with my investigators, and in Operation Golf achieved the fi rst con- due to the unique work being carried addition they are able to easily recog- viction in the UK for both the traffi ck- out by the Joint Investigation Team. nise false documents and gather intel- ing of a child for criminal exploitation ligence that a UK police offi cer would and ‘internal’ traffi cking within the UK. Superintendent Bernie Gravett, the se- have missed. The formation of a JIT is Four members of the organised crime nior investigating offi cer at the Metro- recommended for any country that in- network were sentenced to a total of 24 politan Police, says: ‘The JIT legislation tends to mount a proactive operation to years in prison. Operation Golf has been has so many benefi ts for international bring offenders to justice.’

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© Shutterstock

Operation Golf identifi ed 181 traffi cked children. 19

OPERATION GOLF — STATISTICAL OVERVIEW

181 — Number of traffi cked children identifi ed by Operation Golf

GBP 20 000 — Average ‘price’ for a traffi cked child in the UK

EUR 160 000 — Estimated annual illicit income for organised crime from a single traffi cked child

GBP 4 000 000 — Value of the benefi t fraud identifi ed and stopped as a result of Operation Golf

ANNUAL STATISTICS ON TRAFFICKED CHILDREN

1.2 million — Number of traffi cked children worldwide (source: Unicef)

USD 12 billion — Global value of human traffi cking (source: Unicef)

200 000 — Number of traffi cked individuals from eastern Europe (source: OSCE)

USD 2 500–10 000 — Price range of a child traffi cked to Italy

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kg105222_EN_MT_BAT.indd 20 2/08/11 15:19 EUROPOL NATIONAL UNIT

Malta established a Europol National Unit (ENU) in The Europol National Unit’s duties include: 2003. This unit forms part of Malta Police’s Interna- tional Relations Unit. It is the only liaison body ▪ supplying Europol with the information and intel- between Europol, its partners and Maltese law ligence it needs, and in particular providing input enforcement authorities. The Europol National Unit for Europol’s information system and analysis is complemented by one liaison offi cer based at work fi les; Europol in The Hague, who facilitates interaction and ▪ processing, handling, replying to and issuing communication. requests for information to Europol and other partners; The assistant commissioner responsible for the Spe- ▪ disseminating the information provided by 21 cial Branch acts as the Head of the Europol National Europol to the competent Maltese authorities. Unit (HENU). Based in Malta, the HENU is assisted by two superintendents, an inspector, a sergeant and two constables.

The ENU coordinates all required action together with the specialised sections of the , which includes CID, Counter-Drugs Unit, Economic Crime Unit, Anti-Money Laundering Unit, Vice Squad, Cybercrime Unit, Counter-Terrorism Unit, Immigra- tion Section, Administrative Law Enforcement Sec- tion, as well as the Customs Department and the .

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kg105222_EN_MT_BAT.indd 21 2/08/11 15:19 The Malta Police Force is the main actor in the fi ght The Armed Forces of Malta (AFM) has a primary against all crime in Malta. It has all responsibility for role to defend the territorial integrity of Malta. It is the operation and maintenance of the interconnec- another very important partner of the Malta Police tion with Europol and the management of the Europol Force as it performs soft-security functions in the ter- National Unit. ritorial waters of Malta. It has an active role in the fi ght against illegal immigration and is also respon- The Customs Department — operating on the basis sible for the operation of the local Explosive Ordin- of the Customs Ordinance, it is part of the portfolio ance Disposal (EOD) Unit. The ENU exchanges infor- of the Minister of Finance and has a very important mation with the AFM via designated contact offi cers role in the fi ght against transborder organised crime within AFM headquarters and the EOD section. in Malta. It is a main partner of the Malta Police Force in the fi ght against traffi cking of drugs and psycho- tropic substances, weapons and the protection of intellectual property rights. The Customs Department exchanges information with the ENU via a designated liaison offi cer.

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kg105222_EN_MT_BAT.indd 22 2/08/11 15:19 Since 2004, the Malta Police Force and other com- petent authorities have been involved in several cases of police cooperation within the Europol frame- work, concerning investigations into drug traffi cking, fraud and money laundering. Malta has also been taking an active role in a Joint Investigation Team, 23 namely Operation ATLAS involving the MV Arctic Sea.

ENU Malta Contact Offi cer: Inspector Mario CUSCHIERI E-mail: [email protected] Tel. +356 22942744

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European Police Offi ce The European Investigator ― Targeting criminals across borders 2011 — 24 pp. — 21 ¯ 29.7 cm

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