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The Transboundary Hydrogeological Map of the Komadugu-Yobe Basin (Niger/Nigeria)

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The Transboundary Hydrogeological Map of the Komadugu-Yobe Basin (Niger/Nigeria) Lake Chad Basin: Sustainable Water Management The transboundary hydrogeological map of the Komadugu-Yobe basin (Niger/Nigeria) Report N° 15 Berlin, November 2018 On behalf of: Author: Michaela Rückl Commissioned by: Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung, BMZ) Project: Sustainable Water Management of the Lake Chad Basin BMZ-No.: 2014.2272.4 BGR-No.: 05-2372 Elvis link: BGR-Archive No.: Date: November 2018 1 Table of Content Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................................... 6 Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 7 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 8 2. Study area ................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Geography ............................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Climate ..................................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Hydrology ................................................................................................................................. 9 2.4 Hydrogeology ......................................................................................................................... 12 2.4.1 Chad Formation ................................................................................................................. 12 2.4.2 Continental Terminal / Kerri-Kerri-Formation .................................................................... 13 2.4.3 Continental Hamadien / Gundumi-Formation .................................................................... 13 2.4.4 Magmatic and metamorphic rocks ..................................................................................... 14 3. Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 14 4. Lithological map ......................................................................................................................... 16 5. Borehole data ............................................................................................................................ 18 5.1 Data sources .......................................................................................................................... 18 5.2 Data quality ............................................................................................................................ 18 5.3 Proxies for productivity .......................................................................................................... 21 6. Analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 22 7. Results ....................................................................................................................................... 24 8. Outlook ...................................................................................................................................... 27 9. References ................................................................................................................................ 28 10. Appendix .................................................................................................................................... 30 2 List of Figures Figure 1: Exemplary climate diagrams for the pilot zone Komadugu-Yobe (after Merkel, n.d.) ............. 9 Figure 2: Topographic map of the pilot zone Komadugu-Yobe and flooding frequency map for the Hadejia-Nguru wetlands ........................................................................................................................ 10 Figure 3: Flow regime of KY (Genthon et al., 2015). ............................................................................. 11 Figure 4: Stratigraphy and lithofacies of Korama Basin (modified after Rach, 1989) ........................... 13 Figure 5: Aquifer categorization after (Struckmeier, et al., 1995) modified by (Bäumle, 2011). ........... 14 Figure 6: Maps of borehole locations drilled into the fissured aquifers ................................................. 19 Figure 7: Map of borehole locations in the transboundary pilot zone and their designated aquifers .... 20 Figure 8: Double logarithmic plots of hydrogeological parameter pairs for IU (A-C) and IC (D-F) (T ≜ transmissivity, Sc ≜ specific capacity, Q ≜ yield; R² ≜ correlation coefficient). .................................... 21 Figure 9: Cumulative relative frequency of Index Y values after Krásný (1993) for the magmatic and metamorphic fissured flow aquifers. ...................................................................................................... 22 Figure 10: Cumulative relative frequency of Index Y values after Krásný (1993) for the main aquifer categories. ............................................................................................................................................. 23 Figure 11: Aquifer productivity map of the unconfined uppermost aquifers of the study zone Komadugu- Yobe. ..................................................................................................................................................... 25 Figure 12: Aquifer productivity of the confined second, lower aquifer................................................... 26 3 List of Tables Table 1 : Classification based on Transmissivity magnitude (modified after Krásný (1993)) ............... 15 Table 2: Classification of transmissivity variation (Krásný, 1993) ......................................................... 16 Table 3: Simplification scheme of geology and lithology for further analysis (original information based on Dessauvagie (1974)). ....................................................................................................................... 17 Table 4: Number of boreholes and counts for relevant hydrogeological parameters of the three main aquifer categories (n ≜ feature count; T ≜ transmissivity; Sc ≜ specific capacity; Q ≜ yield)............... 18 Table 5: Number of boreholes and counts for relevant hydrogeological parameters drilled to fissured flow aquifers (n ≜ feature count; T ≜ transmissivity; Sc ≜ specific capacity; Q ≜ yield) ....................... 18 Table 6: Parameters for transmissivity classification and final classification results after Krásný (1993) ............................................................................................................................................................... 23 4 List of Abbreviations BGR Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources CF Chad Formation (fr. formation tchadienne) CT Continental Terminal DEM Digital Elevation Model GIZ Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH IHME International Hydrogeological Map of Europe KY Komadugu-Yobe LCB Lake Chad Basin LCBC Lake Chad Basin Commission SLHyM Standard Legend for Hydrogeological Maps 5 Acknowledgement This report is based mainly on the results of the master thesis “A Hydrogeological Aquifer Productivity Map for the Transboundary Pilot Zone Komadugu-Yobe in the Lake Chad Basin” by Werner Buchert conducted at the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) from October 2017 to June 2018 and presented at the Technische Universität Berlin. 6 Summary The transboundary region of the Komadugu-Yobe basin is located in the west of the Lake Chad Basin and extends over north-eastern Nigeria and south-eastern Niger. It is characterized by a high population density and rising water demand, especially in the Nigerian part. Because further water demand rise and climate change effects will affect the area, it is of major hydrogeological interest. An aquifer productivity map of the transboundary region was developed based on an available lithological map. The lithologies of the uppermost aquifer as well as cover layers were identified and attributed following the scheme of the International Hydrogeological Map of Europe (IHME) outlined in Duscher et al. (2015). Furthermore, borehole data of over 4000 boreholes were analysed. The classification method after Krásný (1993) was used to determine a transmissivity index Y based on measurements of transmissivity, specific capacity or yield for each borehole with a reported parameter. A productivity description was assigned based on the index Y distribution within one aquifer. This first classification was transformed to the aquifer productivity categories of the Standard Legend for Hydrogeological Maps (SLHyM) by Struckmeier & Margat (1995) and presented in productivity maps for the uppermost aquifer and for the middle and lower aquifers of the Chad Formation. A classification table that includes further quantitative values to determine productivity accompanies the maps. The four aquifers of the region are categorized as follows: the porous upper and middle/lower aquifers of the Chad Formation as well as the underlying fissured sandstone aquifers (Continental Terminal/ Continental Hamadien) are moderate productive, while the
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