Premier on a tour of the IOC mine in City, September 2012. Photo courtesy of Communications Branch, Government of and Labrador

16 | Atlantic Business Magazine | January/February 2013 BREAKING

GROUNDNewfoundland and Labrador’s first woman premier green-lights Muskrat Falls, powers past

By Dawn Chafe

athy laughs as she describes the fun she sometimes has with people calling the premier’s office. K“Hello, Kathy speaking.” “Is that really you Kathy?” “Yes, it’s me—Kathy with a ‘K’, short for Kathleen.” “What? Really?! I never thought you’d be the one to answer the phone. Listen, while I’ve got you on the line, I’ve got to tell you that I think you’re doing a marvelous job.” “Thank you very much. But … I’m not the premier.” This personable and occasionally mischievous Kathy is not the first woman to lead the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. No, this is Kathy the receptionist, literal gatekeeper to the premier’s inner sanctum. “I don’t think I’ve met you before,” she says, by way of conversation as she waits for someone to escort me inside. “No, this is my first time interviewing the premier in her office.” “You’ll love her,” she enthuses, not realizing I’ve met the premier before. “You don’t have anything to worry about. She is such a nice person, so easy to talk to.”

Online extras: atlanticbusinessmagazine.com | 17 side from the fog outside, however, Athere’s no lack of transparency on this early November day when a scheduled half-hour interview edges past the 70-minute mark. After a reminder about the time from her communications assistant, Dunderdale responds that she wants to keep going. “I’m interested in this.” Hard to believe I’d deliberately delayed making this appointment for over a year. Dunderdale, unofficial second in command during the Danny Williams’ regime and interim successor until her election victory in October 2011, is Newfoundland and Labrador’s first woman premier. Despite the historic precedence of the occasion, I didn’t want to jump on the profile bandwagon. Now, with 14 months of October 11, 2012: Premier Kathy Dunderdale with (l-r) Minister of Natural resources and Minister bona fide leadership to answer for, seemed of Finance tom Marshall announcing that the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador will collect $150 million like an opportune time. to resolve a dispute concerning in-province fabrication of a third module for the Hebron Project. Photo provided by Communications Branch, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. Given the frequent comparisons to her predecessor—one of, if not the most popular premier in Canadian history— and the innumerable related comments about t’s an intriguing comment about someone legislation is to arbitrary decision-making. her having “big shoes to fill,” I couldn’t whose government has been regularly In the December 1 edition of the Telegram, help but notice the premier’s footwear: I columnist Pam Frampton shared the stylish black suede ankle boots. They were, lambasted by various media for its passage of Bill 29 this past June. The controversial head-scratching example of a request for or so it seemed to me, an unspoken dare to amendment to the province’s Access to information related to the results of a mining opponents and potential successors alike: Information and Protection of Privacy workshop offered to students in Labrador. think you’ve got what it takes to walk a mile Act, passed following a four-day filibuster Frampton reported that the Liberals’ request in these shoes? marathon by the 11 Opposition members, was granted—albeit with 19 of the report’s 20 Truthfully, it’s been a long trek from was reportedly intended to strengthen the pages either partially or totally blacked out. the Town of Burin to the premier’s office Act. Like Popeye after a double dose of “What kind of high-ranking, sensitive for Kathy Dunderdale, who turned 60 concentrated greens, the Act is undoubtedly information is it the government didn’t want in February 2012—a journey that she stronger—but not in terms of public access the Liberals to see?” queried Frampton. “Well, is on the record as having said she never to information. Rather, it has exponentially students’ answers to questions such as ‘What intentionally set out to make in the first expanded the provincial government’s ability was your favorite part of the workshop?’ place. to deny access to information. ‘What did you learn about rocks and minerals Thirty-three credits into her university In a June 15, 2012 article on J-Source.ca, today?’ And ‘Anything else you’d like to tell degree, she dropped out of MUN to get Fred Vallance-Jones—a journalism professor us?’” married to Captain Peter Dunderdale in at the University of King’s College in Halifax CBC-NL journalist Rob Antle offered 1972. Though she was a stay-at-home mom and lead of the 2011 Canadian Newspaper an even more disturbing example of the during her children’s (Tom and Sarah) Association’s Freedom of Information Audit legislation’s impact. His investigative report, formative years, she was also an avid (ATIPPA)—described it as “the biggest step released November 20, revealed that perks community volunteer. backward in access in Canada in recent paid to public sector employees over and A former deputy mayor on the Burin memory.” above their base salary (such as bonuses, town council, Dunderdale’s first attempt to In summarizing the impact of Bill 29, housing, travel and RRSP contributions), get elected to the House of Assembly was in the same article noted that “ministerial along with the justification for those perks, 1993. She didn’t offer again until 2003 (her briefings will be kept secret and requests will no longer be disclosed. Only a range of husband, diagnosed with prostate cancer, for information that cabinet ministers deem possible bonuses is now revealed. died in the mid-nineties at the age of 56). to be frivolous, systemic or repetitive can be , Minister of the Office of After defeating Walter Noel in 2003, she exempted.” Public Engagement, told Antle that nothing was welcomed into the Williams’ cabinet Despite government assertions that had changed—that pre-Bill 29 information and moved her way through a number of ATIPPA strikes a balance between the right was disclosed voluntarily by the public ministerial posts with increasing levels of of the public to access information and good servant it concerned. responsibility. stewardship on the part of government, a Antle’s research, however, came to a Now that she’s finally in the top post, number of information requests which have different conclusion. “Those comments … do having won it on her own merits in the already been denied under the provisions of not stand up to a review of the text in the old 2011 general election, she is determined to Bill 29 show just how vulnerable the new law.” see her vision for the province fulfilled.

18 | Atlantic Business Magazine | January/February 2013 8 billion barrels of potential oil resources

energy comes with the territory

Whether it’s hydroelectricity or wind and oil and gas, thrives off the vast energy resources in Newfoundland and Labrador. We’re leading the development to build an energy warehouse – for today, and tomorrow. nalcorenergy.com boundless. remier Dunderdale says that Issues of the day Pdescriptions of her as the daughter Kathy Dunderdale, premier of Newfoundland and Labrador, speaks out on… of a poor fisherman are inaccurate. Yes, her father (Norman Warren) was a fisherman and had been since he first stepped into a …health care dory at 12 years of age. And yes, times were We spend more on health care per capita in this province hard, with her father sometimes fishing for than any other jurisdiction in the country: $3 billion for half weeks and weeks at a time without catching a million people. A lot of people believe that we ought to have enough fish to cover the cost of the food he ate dialysis in every community. We can’t afford it. It might be nice on the trip, let alone support his family. Then, and it might be wonderful and maybe people shouldn’t have to as now, the fishery was a heartbreakingly travel an hour and a half for a CT scan or come to St. John’s for an cyclical industry—the difference being that, MRI. The onus is on us, as a government, to make sure those services are available back then, there were no social programs, no to the people of the province. That they have reasonable access to those services. employment insurance. That doesn’t mean that they necessarily have those services on their doorstep. In an effort to create a more stable income for themselves and their 11 children (Kathy is the middle child), Norman and his wife Alice …sharing oil and gas wealth tried their hands at a number of different A third of our revenue in this province comes from oil. businesses. One of those businesses went People say, oil’s not doing anything for me. I beg to differ. bankrupt, putting the family $4,000 in debt. You’ve got schools and hospitals and roads, teachers and “It took them two years to pay it off,” says the doctors and nurses, funding programs … the list goes on and premier proudly, “but they paid back every on. Because of oil. cent of it.” Even though it was a particularly hard time for the family financially, Dunderdale …public expectations maintains that she came from a very rich There’s a view in the province that you’re born in a family which had enough food to eat, clothes community, you should be able to live there all your life and to wear, and lots of love and encouragement. find meaningful employment. Well, that’s not a model that It was also a rich intellectual environment, works anywhere in the world. And yet, sometimes, I believe we with relatives and visitors often stopping by (politicians) have helped create that mindset since we’ve come her mother’s bed and breakfast to discuss into Confederation. I think sometimes, if I’m being really honest, current events, both local and global. “My that expectations are too high. mother was a very intelligent woman who People can’t continue to call for more and more and more services without was interested in what was happening in the expecting to pay for them. There isn’t a money tree. What we earn from our world. And … my uncles were great readers. resources only goes so far. If we are going to keep it all going, how much are you They were also blessed with a great sense prepared to have your taxes raised to pay for that? of humour and storytelling. Our house was We don’t always get that balance when people are demanding newer services and always an interesting place to be.” more services. We’re not always having the conversation at the same time that says One of her most poignant and life- this is what I want and here’s what I’m prepared to pay for it. influencing memories, however, came from outside her tight family circle. This “a-ha” moment was courtesy of her grade …rural communities four teacher, an inspired and inspiring soul We’re your government. We don’t have all the answers, who dared venture outside the prescribed but we’re going to find them, together. We’re going to work curriculum to teach French to her pupils at through it together. We’re going to walk this walk together. a time when Latin was the standard second I’m not going to play games with you. I’m not going to come in language taught in class. Along with the and give you $100 million and say you’re on your own. I’m not grammar and verb conjugations, this teacher going to do the Trepassey thing where you come in and give them also shared the story of how she had won a $10 million and say sink or swim. And if they sink because they don’t have the teaching competition. Her prize was a trip expertise or the access to all of the complicated pieces of rebuilding their economy, around the world. As this woman shared the say, well it’s not our fault. stories of her journey, using it to inform her Look at Harbour Breton. We went into that community and we looked at every geography and history classes, she described opportunity there was. We had a fledgling aquaculture community down there that what it was like to visit Rome and listen to wasn’t thriving. We did a whole SWOT analysis of that (Strengths, Weaknesses, Verdi under the stars. Opportunities, Threats), identified significant issues. They needed a big anchor, “Your world changes when you hear that,” somebody who had a lot of experience. I got on a plane with the minister of says Dunderdale. “This woman was born and fisheries and went to New Brunswick and sat down with Cooke Aquaculture. raised five minutes from my house … I knew You go to Harbour Breton today, there’s more people working in the fishery in from that moment that if you worked hard that area of the province than ever worked there before when the wild fishery was and if you were educated, and if you had the booming. But we didn’t know that on the day we stood with the community, all means to provide for yourself in a way that holding on to one another and saying “I don’t know what all the answers are, but wasn’t so mercurial, that many things were we’re not going to let you go. We’re going to be here for you.” possible.”

20 | Atlantic Business Magazine | January/February 2013

Coming forward Peter Woodward, vice-president of operations with Labrador-based Woodward tability and possibility are recurr- Group of Companies, is a founding member of “I believe in the power of NL,” Sing themes in the Dunderdale a community-based coalition of more than 600 people who publicly support the administration. Muskrat Falls development. Some of those members, Woodward included, have Though the province is currently even contributed money to hire a public relations firm and launch a coordinated in an enviable fiscal position—having marketing campaign. reduced its net debt from a peak of almost $12 billion to $7.8 billion at the beginning of 2012—that newfound prosperity is in the last 10 years. Now, in the last four very much dependent on the vagaries of months, it’s doubled in price. It’s up 100 international energy markets. In 2011-12, per cent. You look at nuclear, you look higher-than-expected royalties from the at wind power, all of those things have province’s lucrative offshore oil projects significant maintenance costs. In the long resulted in a $776.5-million surplus. term, there is nothing that is as cheap as By the middle of 2012, however, the hydroelectricity government was projecting an annual deficit of $258.4 million. Fast forward ABM: Why do you think it’s important for six months to December and government this project to proceed now? officials were warning that the current year deficit could climb as high as $700 PW: It’s all about the federal loan million—all due to the fluctuating guarantee. (With the announcement made price of crude. For every dollar that the AtLANtIC BuSINeSS MAGAzINe: Why on November 30), the federal government price per barrel drops below $124, the is there so much controversy over this is writing bonds, 30-year bonds, for two provincial treasury takes a hit of almost project? and a half per cent. A two and a half per $20 million. cent bond—and given the nature of the According to Dunderdale, the provincial Peter WOODWArD: Fear. It is an construction costs, the capital intensity government was facing bankruptcy when expensive project. Depending on whether of this project—that is so important to her party came to power. With over 75 or not you take in ’s portion, making this project viable, to have that two per cent of the budget eaten up by debt we’re going to pay $6 billion to $7 billion and a half per cent interest rate on federal servicing, education and health care, that for 800.... 900 megawatts. If you look at bonds. left only 23 cents from every dollar to do when we did the Upper Churchill, it cost everything else that needed to be done $960 million for 5,200 megawatts. It was ABM: What does development of Muskrat in the province. “We did an assessment considered an expensive project. If you Falls mean for Labrador? when we came into this place,” she says. looked at the reasons why we couldn’t do “We thought, what’s the future going to the Upper Churchill, couldn’t finance PW: It’s a real problem for me that we be? Where are our strengths? What is it it—it was too expensive, it was too large. currently ship our mineral resources to that we can rely on?” Today, if we had made different decisions Quebec, Seven Islands and places like that, The fishery, traditional pillar of the back then, or we were capable of making and then we ship our power to Quebec and provincial economy, wasn’t showing different decisions back then, think about they put the two of them together to create much promise. Forestry, too, was in the windfall that the people of this province prosperity and job development. If anybody decline, not just in Newfoundland but all would have had: 5,200 megawatts of power has been to Seven Islands in the past couple over the world. And though the province at a quarter of a cent. of years, it’s a beautiful town. Beautiful is blessed with abundant non-renewable streets, pavement everywhere, beautiful resources such as the aforementioned ABM: Looking at your group, there appears homes. It largely exists only because oil and gas as well as abundant mineral to be strong business support for Muskrat of the resources that are coming from deposits, those resources have a finite Falls. Is this because businesses and Labrador. I would like to take the Seven life span. Like her parents before her, entrepreneurs have a larger appetite for Islands example and build communities in Kathy Dunderdale was more interested in risk than the general public? Labrador that look like that. something that offered long-term income stability. PW: I think that the business community ABM: Why is this issue so important to you? Enter Muskrat Falls. has really done their homework. This project, let’s say we can pay it off in 30 to PW: You look at BRIC (Brazil, Russia, 50 years. At the end of the 30 to 50 years, India, China), there are four billion people it’s one of the few energy resources where entering a market-based economy, moving t’s hard to imagine in its natural state, the cost will actually go down. It only away from basically a hunting-gathering but this picturesque 15-metre waterfall takes 40 to 50 people to maintain the site. or a farmer economy and moving into a I on the Churchill River in Labrador has Once you’ve built it, the actual operational market-based economy where they’ll drive the potential to generate 824 megawatts costs are minute. If you look at oil, you cars and they’ll have electricity. That’s of hydroelectricity that could be used to will always be based on the fluctuations going to drive energy costs through the meet the province’s projected demand and the speculations of the market. roof. Staying with carbon-based fuels forecasts—with more than enough When you look at natural gas, natural gas which are priced in the marketplace based left over to power future industrial decreased by 80 per cent in the market on supply and demand? That’s crazy. development. Add in a 180 kilometre continued page 26 22 | Atlantic Business Magazine | January/February 2013 #MemorialUpNorth LABRADOR. Our big land. Join the conversation.

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www.mun.ca/LabradorInstitute Demand forecast According to ed Martin, president and CeO of provincially-owned Nalcor energy, Newfoundland and Labrador is only five to six years away from maxing out on its ability to meet provincial energy needs, based on current supply. though the paper mills have closed, the economy is picking up, the Vale nickel processing plant in Long Harbour is coming on stream, residential development is expanding, small scale commercial enterprises are on the rise, and power-hungry electronic devices continue to proliferate. Switching to more energy efficient products isn’t enough, he asserts, to meet the coming growth in demand. “We know the demand is going to a certain place. We know how much power we have. We know, very very closely, when you marry those two, you’re going to have to do something to bring in extra power.” In a recent interview, Mr. Martin explained why his organization believes Muskrat Falls is the best option to meet that demand forecast.

AtLANtIC BuSINeSS MAGAzINe: Why (connecting the island to Labrador and the ABM: If Muskrat Falls proceeds and costs is Muskrat Falls your preferred option to Maritimes) which was best compared to all explode, do the economics still work? provide more power to the province? other interconnected options—Muskrat Falls. Now we have two projects. And over eM: Let me turn this around a little bit. This eD MArtIN: Nalcor and Newfoundland a 50-year period, we say what they’re going is a decision based on one option versus and Labrador Hydro, we’re not fussed by to cost, every year for 50 years in detail. For another. So you can’t look at one option in what we build. We just want it to be the Muskrat, you have to put capital in, you isolation. If you look at fuel, oil … in the lowest cost option. We looked at everything have operating costs, you have to maintain case of Muskrat Falls, there really is no fuel from hydro, natural gas, the offshore, it, you have people working on it, there’s to burn, so we get away from that volatility liquefied natural gas, biomass, solar, small financing charges. Then we did the same and risk over the next 50 years. In the hydro, wind … Then we did an economic for the Holyrood case. We know those costs Holyrood option, there’s a lot of risk there. screening and we came up with two possible very well, we’ve been doing it for years. It could go lower, yes—it could go much, options. One was the isolated island option, Then we take those numbers and we bring much higher. There’s a huge amount of upgrading the oil-burning electrical it back to a present value. Muskrat Falls is volatility in that option. We’ve spent a lot generating station near Holyrood. Then we $2.4 billion lower cost in today’s dollars of time looking at projects worldwide. We came up with one interconnected option than the Holyrood option. looked at projects that went 80 per cent

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24 | Atlantic Business Magazine | January/February 2013

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www.rwtiller.com Tiller Engineering Inc. We’re not paying not We’re That’s the of one issues theof From your perspective,From isthere a Looking the at power coming of out It comes down comes to threeIt things. There M: M: Upper Churchill agreement, that we takecan’t back power continued for more industrial development either the on islandin or Labrador. e MuskratFalls, start we using at per 40 ourselves for cent 20 per sold and we’ve to Nova Scotia.cent In return, there’s a 500 megawatt link which of own we and operate megawatts 330 free. Instead themof giving uscertain a amount per month, they’re just building a line and giving us megawatts 330 free of line to play with. actually It’s the same thing. They’re paying $1.2 billion to build this gettingline and we’re two-thirds for it of free. The value to us really is, it’s a free have per 40 theline. of cent power We ourselves,for 20 per to Nova sold cent Scotia. because And have we a way, now didwe deal a with , to use their transmission system in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and New England. So while waitingwe’re (in province) for demand, sellingwe’re per 40 and cent making money. ABM: main theme idea that or and look at you “I really wishsay, the public understood this the about project?” e is a need the for have So we to power. something.do The thing second is, this project is the lowest cost. makes So it sense, naturally. The third thing that drives is me the versus rent buy analogy. hadIf you a chance to buy a house and have a mortgage $400 of a month, or therent same a month, $500 house for which would choose? you I suspect allwe would choose to buy the house because get we cheaper. the Plus it’s full asset the at the end of day and live there freefor after that it’s me, need we that. To thethe it’s low-cost power, option and owningwe’re the resource. The power is and everyforever, dollar that for pay we stays in our own house. cent of the of cent power available Labrador … for development, available industrial for development the on island. In the meantime,until that materializes, we’ve a dealdone with taken Emera. 20 We’ve per cent, from the remaining 60 per cent theof Scotia to Nova and it sold power, we thefor next years 35 and they by it pay for buildingMaritime a link. ABM: it out to someone else to someone out it down the street. The mining companies in Labrador How exactly How is the province going They need power to develop, that’s I think fair it’s that to say and you M: M: e sure.for When did we the economics for Muskrat, assumed we that were only we going to use per 40 the of cent power for the island. Sixty per the of cent we power, assumed going to use weren’t we it. In that context, Muskrat Falls is $2.4 billion less than the Holyrood option. that’s So, an easy decision. have we 60 per now But ABM: ABM: have been mentioned assignificant industrial users this of How power. important is the development Muskrat of Falls to the development the of mining industry in Labrador? e your children and your grandchildren are going to be paying a monthly electricity bill the for next years. an 50 obvious It’s thing. telling What we’re is that now you going to makewe’re that cheque less than would it be if kept we Holyrood. If buildwe going to pay less Muskrat, you’re goingevery to years. 50 month for We’re less cash, pay out have you that’s going to finance this particular project. can How that? do we think Well, you it, about 60 perto 70 the of cent cash over pay out you time with the Holyrood option, you’re writing a cheque out oil, for giving to it an oil over in company the Middle East saying Whatsomewhere. we’re is that canyou write a smaller cheque the for next going years 50 to take and we’re that cheque and into put it Newfoundland and Labrador and keep right it here. to pay for thisto pay for project? ABM: over, but also but over, thethat ones came in under budget. One big piece information of that is very very, in common projects that have overrun is that they have gone inwith little engineering completed. In projectsthat have been very successful, significantthere’s amounts upfront of engineering significant done, costing, bids arein before they start. With Decision3, Gate per50 the over of cent engineering bids have we major is done, in hand, so know we with great certainty the of what some costs are going to be. Our labour agreements are in so place, knowwe what thecost labour of is going have ourInnu to be. arrangementsWe instance,completed, for so that risk is have ourremoved. environmentalWe assessmentsso know we completed faced withwhat we’re have our there. We organization in and place tested. Welcome to subsea Maritime Transmission Link between the island of Newfoundland and CONCEPTION BAY SOUTH the province of Nova Scotia (purchased from Emera in exchange for 20 per cent Located within the St. John’s Metropolitan Area of the project’s power), and the province and less than an hour to Long Harbour and Bull Arm has a way to finally, figuratively and literally, break through the Quebec wall to Looking for a supportive municipality that export markets. The Emera link could see Muskrat Falls power make its way through offers the services and opportunities of busy Nova Scotia and New Brunswick and on industrial centres, without the headaches of into the northeastern United States. overcrowding and heavy construction? It has to be said: in a province whose Conception Bay South, NL is the ideal location: citizens grow up steeped in bitterness over the short-sighted deal they signed • Low business and residential taxes with Hydro Quebec for development of • Abundant recreation & education facilities the Upper Churchill, this opportunity to • Second-largest municipality in the province thumb their noses at their Gallic cousins • Population over 24,800 and growing is irresistible. • Excellent transportation network and infrastructure Yet, for all its attractive attributes, • Active commercial port and industrial park development of Muskrat Falls is not • Unique rural urban mix and best weather without controversy. With a $7.4 billion in the province (potentially growing) price tag, it is • 100 acre retail commercial centre prohibitively expensive. What if costs development opportunities go higher? What if Newfoundland and Labrador proceeds, but Nova Scotia pulls out? What if power rates double? What if it bankrupts the province? Asked how the province can afford to Come to Conception Bay South... it’s the best move you’ll ever make! pay for the development, given its ongoing [email protected] Tel: 709-834-6518 www.conceptionbaysouth.ca deficit and her own comments about needing to control the debt, Dunderdale notes there are two kinds of debt. “If you’re building a home or you’re building Muskrat Falls, that enables development. That enables business. At the end of the day, that will pay for itself and feed the treasury. If we were borrowing money to buy groceries or pay for operational expenses, as important as that is, that wouldn’t be a sensible thing to do.” Given that her predecessor is credited Some styles are with landing the deal just before his LEGENDARY. unexpected retirement from politics, you have to wonder if Dunderdale isn’t sometimes resentful of him getting the credit. “I’m always puzzled when someone asks me that. It’s not about me,” she says when you put the question to her. “It’s about the place. “I know whence I come. And the great struggle it’s been for most people in this province. I identify with ordinary Newfoundlanders and Labradorians who have struggled, whose families have struggled for 500 years, to get a good foothold in this place, and to have some comfort and dignity, quality of life. I just see myself as the facilitator of all that.” Though she’s only a year into her current mandate, Kathy Dunderdale says 167 Water St. St. John's NL Canada she “definitely” plans to lead her party in (709) 722-9432 • [email protected] the next general election.| ABM alwaysinvogue.ca

26 | Atlantic Business Magazine | January/February 2013