Notes and Queries

BAKER PERKINS LTD. Century shopkeeper. Manchester The History of Baker Per kins, by University Press, 1970, p. 32.) Augustus Muir (Cambridge, Heifer, 1968, 353.) tells the story GERVASE BENSON of the industrial activities of the C. B. Phillips of the University of firm in which the Baker family Manchester, writing on "County has been active since Joseph committees and local government Baker came from Canada in 1876. in Cumberland and Westmorland, 1642-1660'* (Northern History, DAVID BARCLAY vol. 5 (1970), pp. 34-66), notes A chapter ou "The Plague, the that Gervase Benson had a Fire and the Rebuilding" in prolonged dispute with the Kendal Hermione Hobhouse's The Ward corporation for neglect of his of Cheap in the City of London aldermanic functions. The alder­ (published in 1965 to mark the men voted for him to be expelled, centenary of the Ward of Cheap but it is not known whether this Club) has brief mention (p. 90) was done. (Kendal Corporation of No. 108 Cheapside, built for MSS. H.M.C. Bdlei/i2.) Sir Edward Waldo, "which be­ Reference for Gervase Benson longed in the eighteenth century is also made to S.P. 18/203/33 in to the famous Quaker, David the Public Record Office. He was Barclay, and from which six off the county bench by May generations of reigning monarchs 1659, and died a yeoman. from Charles II to George III are said to have watched the Lord JOHN BRIGHT Mayor's procession.0. A story about John Bright at Chatsworth relates that he was HANNAH BARNARD ''talking to Lord Northbrook on A discussion of the unitarian their way to bed, and abusing all leanings of Hannah Barnard and the Governors and Viceroys of of her meeting with Theophilus India. L. N. got cross, and said Lindsey one of the foremost 'good-night' suddenly, and left Unitarian ministers, appears in Bright alone in the labyrinth "A Quaker-Unitarian encounter without a clue. He slept—or did in 1801", by E. M. Ditchfield in not sleep—at last upon a sofa in Transactions of the Unitarian the billiard-room". This appears Historical Society, vol. 14, no. 4 in a letter from John Addington (October 1970), pp. 209-217. Symonds who heard it from the Earl of Carlisle at Castle Howard, GEORGE BENSON, OF KENDAL August 1892. (The Letters of John George Benson, grocer, of Kendal, Addington Symonds. Edited by writes in Friendly plain language H. M. Schueller and Robert L. selling goods to Abraham Dent Peters. 3 vols. Detroit, Wayne of Kirkby Stephen, 1767-71. State University Press, 1967-69. (T. S. Willan, An Eighteenth- Vol. 3, p. 727.) 225 226 NOTES AND QUERIES Among Symonds's correspon­ Rumper Slingsby Bethel all dents were Daniel Hack Tuke suggested that Oliver deliberately and Henry Scott Tuke. Robert maintained divisions among the Spence Watson stayed with religious sects in order to play Symonds at Davos, Jan. 1885 one off against another" and (vol. 3, pp. 29, 30, correct the mentions evidence to support index entry). John Scandrett this. Harford (1785-1866, indexed as Hartford) is mentioned. More FOTHERGILL MEDAL than once the admiration which "A noted Yorkshire physician Symonds's friend T. H. Green had and Quaker, Dr. John Fothergill for John Bright is remarked (1712-1780) founder of Ackworth upon. School, is commemorated by a fine bronze medal bearing his CLARKS OF STREET portrait on the obverse, and on "Labour supply and innovation the reverse a view of the School, 1800-1860; the boot and shoe 'Founded 1779'." There is an industry", an article by R. A. illustration of the obverse of the Church of the University of medal in a plate accompanying Birmingham (Business History, the "Medallic history of York­ vol. 12, no. i, Jan. 1970, pp. 25- shire0, by H. J. Armstrong 45) includes some information on (Transactions of the Yorkshire the Clark enterprises at Street Numismatic Society, 2nd series, (extracted from the firm's history, vol. 2, pt. 4, 1970, pp. 18-22). edited by W. H. Barker and published in 1942). GOLDNEY FAMILY In the 18505 William Clark The family history of the Goldney "invented the first simple mac­ family (Bristol) is briefly covered hinery for building up heels and in a pamphlet by Miss P. K. attaching them to the sole". In Stembridge, warden of Clifton either 1855 or 1856 James Clark Hill House hall of residence in took delivery of three machines the University of Bristol. from the Singer Sewing Machine Goldney House is now used as Company, and in 1858 a treadle an annexe to Clifton Hill House machine for cutting sole leather and Miss Stembridge covers the and for stamping soles was highlights of the history of the brought from America. house and the Goldney family (Quakers, merchants and ship­ OLIVER CROMWELL owners), whose residence it was. God's Englishman: Oliver Crom­ Magnificently situated, with well and the English Revolution, panoramic views across to the by Christopher Hill (Weidenfeld Somerset countryside, and high & Nicolson, 1970. ^2.50) has above the River Avon where the some references to George Fox and shipping and trade on which the other Friends on the tithe family fortunes were founded question (pp. 125, 145), and on went on, the illustrations in this foreign policy (pp. 155), as well pamphlet readily bring to as to the constitutional aspects mind the Goldney enterprises, of the Nayler case (pp. 184-187). like that of the Duke and The author notes that "Baxter, Duchess which rescued Alexander the Quaker John Camm and the Selkirk from his desert island. NOTES AND QUERIES 227 EDWARD HAISTWELL, F.R.S. for Dewsbury: one hundred years "Edward Haistwell, F.R.S." by of parliamentary representation T. L. Underdown, associate pro­ (the Author, 115 Rastrick Com­ fessor of history, University of mon, Brighouse, Yorks., 1970) Minnesota, Morris (Notes and gives good coverage to the elec­ records of the Royal Society of toral history of the borough from London, vol. 25, no. 2, Dec. 1970, the Reform of 1867 to 1966. pp. 179-187), gives cogent Early chapters deal with the reasons for identifying Edward part which Dewsbury played in Haistwell the amanuensis of Yorkshire elections before the George Fox and (later) merchant enfranchisement of the borough. of London, with the man who Rarely did the constituency was elected F.R.S. in 1698. A depart from its successive Liberal reading of the Bristol registers Gladstonian Liberal and (since would confirm to the author (see 1924) Labour allegiance. The p. 182), that Rachel (Marsh) seat was won by men who made Haistwell was born in 1670. their contribution in the national sphere. CHARLES HALL There is a brief biography of Richard Coulton, rector of St. T. E. Harvey, who fought the Mary, Castlegate, York, wrote seat in three elections between on the end flyleaf of his parish 1922 and 1924, winning it for register the following entry: the Liberals in 1923. ''Apr 2d 1694. Just as I was going to bed at ten a clock HODGKIN AND PEASE this night a dreadfull fire The Hodgkin and Pease family broke out in high OwseGate papers in the Durham County which began by the careless­ Record Office are mentioned in a ness of one Charles Hall a footnote to an article in Durham Quaker & Hempdresser, & University Journal, Dec. 1970, consumed many houses & p. 37, by D. J. Ratcliffe, entitled next morning stopt about the "The British and North America: Pavement Cross . . . ." illustrative materials at Dur­ (Printed in the Yorkshire Arch­ ham." The papers contain letters aeological Society, Parish Register on visits to America, the impact Section, Publications 134, p. 159. of the American Civil War on 197°-) Britain, and relations with HANBURY FAMILY American Friends. The papers The Hanbury family, and John were acquired too recently to Hanbury (1664-1734) and Ponty- find a place in the standard pool Japan, receive a brief Guide by B. R. Crick and M. mention (pp. 1552) in the Alman (Oxford, 1961). course of an article on "Todding- ton and the Tracys" by the Lord HOLLOWAY OF BRIDGWATER Sudeley, in the Bristol and John Strachey the 18th-century Gloucestershire Archaeological cartographer of Somerset re­ Society's Transactions, vol. 88 ceived advice about the house (1969), pp. 127-172. of one Hollo way "a Quaker of Bridgwater formerly a joyner, THOMAS EDMUND HARVEY now a Master Builder ... of Christopher J. James in M.P. 3 little Rooms on the Floor and 228 NOTES AND QUERIES 2 Stories high which . . . He calls THOMAS LURTING a Pavilion and would place it In Transactions of the Historic amongst Gentlemen's Seats . . . Society of Lancashire and Cheshire methinks is of little consequence for the year 1952, vol. 104, and not worthy a place in your pp. nyff, there is a paper on Map". (Quoted in J. B. Harley, Sefton parish. In the course of "County maps", The local histo­ a notice of members of the Lurtin rian, vol. 8, no. 5, 1969, p. 179.) family, there is mention (p. 137) that, "In 1684 Thomas Lurting WILLIAM HOLME, TAILOR of Great Crosby, with several The great diurnal of Nicholas other persons from that town­ Blundell, of Little Crosby, Lanca­ ship, refused to pay the church shire, vol. 2, 1712-1719 (Record ley, in his case is. 5^d., conse­ Society of Lancashire and quent upon a dispute which had Cheshire. 112, 1970), includes the arisen between the church­ following entries: wardens and the then William Blundell of Little Crosby, as to "13 May 1712 [Ormskirk] the liability of the parish in I bought a Hat of Quaker general for the constructional Holme." costs of a new road leading to "28 Aug. 1714 Liverpool the lord's mill at Sefton." I was at the Funerall of one Walls a Quacker School Mis­ WILLIAM MEADE tress & heard Robert Hadock Preach." William Meade, merchant taylor, of Fenchurch Street, London, Other entries concerning appeared as petitioner in a case Friends appear under 2 July, before the Fire Court (19 Nov., 3 Nov., 1712, 29 Oct. 1713, and 1668). The case is noticed (pp. 28 Aug., 1714. 311-313) in the second volume of the calendar to the judgments ALDOUS HUXLEY and decrees of the Court of Letters of Aldous Huxley. Edited Judicature appointed to deter­ by Grover Smith (Chatto & mine differences between land­ Windus, 1969) has references to lords and tenants as to rebuilding Friends in the letters. after the Great Fire. (Edited by It includes the following ex­ Philip E. Jones. Printed by tract from a letter to Julian order of the Corporation of Huxley: ''One sees, in the light of London under the direction of history, how enormously wise the Library Committee. 1970.) George Fox was, when he abso­ lutely refused to be drawn into ISRAEL PEMBERTON Cromwell's orbit—would not An Address to the Inhabitants of even dine at the Protector's Pennsylvania, by Those Freemen, table, for fear of being in any of the City of Philadelphia, who way compromised. If he had are confined in the Mason's accepted Cromwell's offer and Lodge, by virtue of A General entered official life in any capacity Warrant. Philadelphia, Printed with the purpose and in the by Robert Bell, 1777. hope of improving the quality of A full bibliographical descrip­ government, there would have tion of this pamphlet by Israel been no Quakers/1 (pp. 464-465.) Pemberton and others, is given NOTES AND QUERIES 229 by Edwin Wolf 2nd, in "Evidence by H. A. Guy (The expository indicating the need for some times, Feb. 1970, vol. 81, no. 5, bibliographical analysis of Ameri­ pp. 148-50) is a brief article on can-printed historical works" in Anthony Purver's New and literal The papers of the Bibliographical translation of the Bible, published Society of America, vol. 63, 4th in 1764. There is a column of quarter, 1969, pp. 268-275. examples of Purver's translations. The author describes the print­ ing of this work as "so biblio- ARTHUR RAISTRICK graphically wild that I cannot A list of the Raistrick MSS. make complete sense out of much prepared in February 1969 for of it". He ends: "Perhaps, the the owner, Dr. A. Raistrick, approach of the British Army Linton, Skipton, Yorks, has been toward Philadelphia and the issued by the National Register of unpopularity of the Quakers' Archives, West Riding (Northern views may have caused Bell to Section) committee. There are abandon regular printing prac­ more than 900 items, including a tices." substantial collection of York­ WILLIAM PENN shire deeds—mainly of parishes The anecdote in Anecdotes from in the Dales, notably Airton (48 History compiled by Grant Uden deeds), Kettlewell (76 deeds) (Basil Blackwell, 1968. ^2.50), and Malham (42 deeds). which concerns William Penn is from The Percy Anecdotes, in SIR JAMES RECKITT which Charles II is reported as "The James Reckitt Public Lib­ rebuking Penn, when the sturdy rary, Kingston upon Hull", by Quaker kept on his hat on being John F. Hooton of the University presented to him. of Hull Institute of Education "Friend Penn', said the king, (Library history, vol. i, no. 6, 'it is the custom of this court for Autumn 1969, pp. 184-191) deals only one person to be covered at a with the establishment of the time'; and then his majesty took first Hull public library. Thanks off his own hat." mainly to the vision and practical assistance from James Reckitt, WILLIAM PHILLIPS the Quaker Liberal industrialist, In the course of "The progress of a popular vote in 1888 against British geology during the early adopting the Public Library Acts part of the nineteenth-century" a for the town was turned in 1891 bibliographical article by John into a majority in favour. In Challinor of the Department of the interim James Reckitt had Geology, University College of loaned £5,000 for a building and Wales, Aberystwyth, in Annals books, and subscribed £500 a of science, vol. 26, no. 3 (Sept., year (estimated at the equiva­ 1970), there is a page of descrip­ lent of the penny rate for East tion of the work and discoveries Hull) for librarian's salary, run­ of William Phillips (1773-1828), ning expenses and purchase of the pioneer geologist and some­ new books. The object lesson time publisher of Friends' books. succeeded, and the library was handed over to the corporation. ANTHONY PURVER "The James Reckitt Library still "An eighteenth-century N.E.B." functions, now renamed the

6A 230 NOTES AND QUERIES James Reckitt Branch of the of the Halifax Antiquarian Society, Kingston upon Hull City Lib­ 1969, p. 118.) raries/' SIR HENRY VANE JOHN REYNELL Violet Rowe's Sir Henry Vane "John Reynell, Quaker merchant the Younger (Athlone Press, 1970, of colonial Philadelphia", by ^3.75) includes one or two Carl Leroy Romanek, Ph.D., mentions of Friends, and also thesis at the Pennsylvania State has references to George Bishop, University, 1969. Thesis ab­ Edward Burrough, George Fox, stracted in Dissertation abstracts John Fry, and William Penn. international, vol. 30, no. n: A, p. 4924-A (223pages, Microfilm GEORGE WALKER $3.00; Xerox $10.15). J°hn George Walker, ' 'conspicuous for Reynell was born in Exeter in wordly wealth and a Quaker 1708. In 1728 he moved to conscience", pilot on James River Philadelphia, where he estab­ in 1697, "gunman and store­ lished himself, and played an keeper at Point Comfort" in active part in trading and in 1723, refused the post of Naval Quaker concerns until his death Officer for lower James River for in 1784. "that one silly scruple of the word Swear". PARLEY RUTTER George Walker's grandchild J. F. Rutter's i8go: Jubilee of married into the Norton family, the Mere Temperance Society, is whose records are now reprinted quoted in Brian Harrison's paper in John Norton &Sonst merchants on Liberalism and the English of London and Virginia, being the temperance press, 1830—1872, for papers from their counting house an account of his teetotal tours for the years 1750 to 1795. in 1840 with publisher John Edited by Frances Norton Mason. Cassell. Parley Rutter enjoyed (David & Charles, Newton Abbot, CasselFs company, "On our way 1968, from the 1937 American he was constantly singing, shout­ edition.) ing, or cracking jokes, of which The firm was largely concerned he had a boundless store." in the shipment of tobacco, and (Victorian studies, vol. 13, no. 2, the quotations at the head of this Dec. 1969, p. 149). note come from the biographical appendix to the book. JONAS STANSFIELD ACKWORTH SCHOOL "Jonas Stansfield, born 23 Sept­ '' Yorkshire newspapers 1740- ember 1683, fifth son of James 1800 as a source of art history", Stansfield of Mankinholes in by Alexandra Frances Artley Langfield, parish of Halifax. (Leeds M.Phil, thesis, 1970. Type­ A Quaker, who lived and prac­ script) includes an illustration of tised at Shore in Stansfield Ackworth School and an extract township, as a scrivener, circa from G. F. Linney's History of 1722-1751. Died 10 April, 1758; Ackworth School, 1853 (entry buried at Shore/' under Orphans Hospital, with (Item in "Halifax attorneys", reference to the York Courant by C. D. Webster, Transactions Feb. 22,1774). Other illustrations NOTES AND QUERIES 231 include one of Coley Hall, near Dale genealogical collections Halifax (see also York Courant, (Addl. 44974 etc.), biographical Dec. 29, 1772). There is also notes concerning Henry Christy reference to Hardcastle Garth, (1810-65) (Addl. 45159), letters Hartwith, near Ripley (Leeds from Joseph Albert Pease (ist Mercury, June 7, 1791), and to baron Gainford) in the Viscount Swarthmore Hall in ''Lancaster" Gladstone Papers (Addl. 46022), (Leeds Mercury, Jan. 2, 1750). and list with extracts of early letters of Priscilla (Lloyd) Words­ AMERICAN INDIANS worth to her father Charles Letters (including letters from Lloyd, banker, of Birmingham, Philip E. Thomas, Baltimore 1792-1804, before her marriage Yearly Meeting) concerning to Christopher Wordsworth Friends' work among American (1774-1846) (Wordsworth Papers Indians—schools, agricultural vol. 3, Addl. 36138). implements and equipment, tem­ perance teaching—appear in the BURNLEY recent volume of The Papers of The Churchwarden's Accounts of John C. Calhoun. vol. 4, 1819- the parish of Burnley. Edited by 1820. Edited by W. Edwin W. Bennett. Published by the Hemphill (Columbia, S.C., Uni­ Burnley Historical Society, 1969. versity of South Carolina Press, This work includes some re­ 1969. $15). As secretary for war ports prepared for the visitations in President Monroe's cabinet, of the Bishops of Chester. Calhoun was responsible for One 1728 record states "There relations with the Indians and are none that refuse to pay their began administering federal Easter offering or to contribute funds for civilizing the tribes to the rates legally made for the adjoining the frontier settle­ repair of our Chapel etc., only ments. some Quakers who have been compelled by the Justices of the BRISTOL BURIALS Peace in Sessions as the law Diocese of Bristol: a catalogue of directs" (p. 71). the records of the Bishop and In 1719 there were stated to be A rchdeacons and of the Dean and "60 Dissenters, 50 Quakers and Chapter, compiled by Isabel M. 4 Independents in the Parish" Kirby (Bristol Corporation, 1970, (P- 74)- ^2.50), includes (p. 157) a list of In 1747, "We have some burial records for the following Papists and some Quakers." (p. Friends' burial grounds between 75.) 1865 and 1897: Redcliff Pit, Friars, New Street, Kingsweston, CHEADLE, CHESHIRE Hazle (par. Olveston), and A new impression of A history of Frenchay. the old parish of Cheadle in Cheshire (E. J. Morten (Pub­ BRITISH MUSEUM MANUSCRIPTS lishers), Didsbury, Manchester, The British Museum Catalogue of I 97°- £2-5°)> by Fletcher Moss additions to the manuscripts, (first published in 1894) includes 1936-1945 (2 vols., 1970) includes a number of entertaining (apo­ notices of the Scattergood col­ cryphal?) accounts of old times. lections (Addl. 44950 etc.), the A paragraph (p. 183) concerns 232 NOTES AND QUERIES the Friends at Lindow where to a "Conventicle of 500 Quakers they "enclosed and cultivated and Sectaries at 'the Grange', parts of the boggy land". only a mile from Dublin" (Nov. "The parsons followed them up 12, 1662, o. 281); Dec. 23 [1662?], for the tithes, if for nothing else, Burford, from Ed. Alien to 'Mr. although the distance to go for Downes, cooke of Brasenose them was great, and although Colledge', "Ah deare freind beg they knew the Quakers were very hard for the resurrection of that averse to parting with anything, precious cause . . . ." A note to particularly with their tithes, for the document records a letter which they got nothing in return. to the same purpose is sent to One old Friend, whose descen­ [Chipping] Norton from one dants still exist in the neighbour­ Daysbury (p. 286). hood, sent his parson word that March 27, 1664 (p- 3^6): list on a certain day he should gather of Quakers who assembled in the apples; the parson therefore sent house of Thomas Curtis in on the appointed day a man with Reading (40 persons committed a horse for his share of the crop; to gaol), endorsed by Clarendon the old Friend only gathered ten, "List of Will. Armorer's pri­ and gave the man one of them soners' 1 . There is a letter from saying he must be content with Sir William to Clarendon (April that for the present, he would 12, 1664, P- 39 J ) explaining that gather ten more the next day/' he did not merely imprison the A second story is of the same heads of the Sectaries as he had Friend taking his tenth swarm done this before without any of bees and shaking them out effect, so he planned to indict all inside the rectory house. Quakers, Anabaptists, and Fifth Monarchy men. [See Besse, CLARENDON STATE PAPERS Sufferings, i. 14.] 578), has entry Calendar of the Clarendon State Jan. 2, 1667 (p. with for a paper of 14 queries by Papers, vol. 5, 1660—1726, Thomas Curtis (?) on behalf of index to volumes 4 and 5 the Quaker prisoners at Reading (Clarendon Press, 1970. ^12), (no entry under Curtis in the completes the work and provides index). a key to the Bodleian Library Towards the end of the volume documents calendared in vol. 4 there is a good deal of American (which appeared in 1932). material. This includes a grant Documents in vol. 4 concern York to troubled years from the Duke of the events in the William Penn "of the town of 1657-1660. On June 3,1659, there and address from Newcastle alias Delaware" is a report of an surroundings (Aug. 24, 1682, "an odd sort of people called liberty of p. 649), and (p. 696, dated 1700/1) Quakers tending to an attack on the record of the conscience" (p. 221). August 13, Penn­ for Quaker government in 1659 (p. 323), Commissioners sylvania during the years from the Militia of Bristol to President of the Council of State recom­ 1694. mend the raising of one regiment of eight companies under Col. COALBROOKDALE COMPANY John Haggatt. "The construction of the floating Volume 5 includes references harbour in Bristol: 1804-1809", NOTES AND QUERIES 233 by R. A. Buchanan (Transactions DEMOGRAPHY of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Historical Demography, by T. H. Archaeological Society for 1969, Hollingsworth (1969, Hodder & vol. 88, pp. 184-204), is firmly Stoughton. £3.15), includes a based on the minutes of the reference to studies of records of Bristol Dock Company. The English Friends by J. J. Fox, author notices the accident to "On the Vital Statistics of the Bath Bridge (the iron road Society of Friends" (Journal of bridge sometimes known as Hill's the Statistical Society, 22 (1850), Bridge), which destroyed much pp. 208-231 and pp. 481-483), of the ironwork during construc­ to articles by M. Beeton and and tion, 1806. The Coalbrookdale others which use Quaker data Company supervisor in Bristol (Proceedings of the Royal Society, had expressed previously dis­ 67, 1900, pp. 159-179; and Bio- satisfaction with some aspect of metrika, i, 1902, pp. 50-89). the work, but the Dock Company The work of D. E. C. Eversley in firmly refused to accept respon­ this field is also mentioned. sibility for the mishap, and the bridge was finally built on the DISSENT original plan. It survived intact The Agricultural History Review, until it was destroyed when a vol. 18, 1970, supplement is barge collided with it in 1855. entitled "Land, church, and The sister bridge connecting people; essays presented to Redcliffe and Bedminster (Har- H. P. R. Finberg". Edited by ford's Bridge) was not replaced Joan Thirsk (published by the until 1884. British Agricultural History Society). It includes a perceptive article by Alan Everitt on "Non­ CONGLETON conformity in country parishes'". One section on the Society of Old ideas are critically reassessed Friends occurs (pp. 235—241), in and evidence is produced which the History of Congleton, pub­ may lead to a better appreciation lished to celebrate the yooth of the strength of the "Old anniversary of the granting of Dissent" in the country before the charter to the town and the explosion of dissent from the edited by W. B. Stephens for the time of the Methodist revival Congleton History Society (Man­ until the end of the 19th-century chester University Press, 1970). (or, as the author chooses, up to Three prominent Quaker the 1914 war). families in the 18th century were The main anchor of the paper those of Hall, Welch (or Welsh), is the mass of statistics provided and Stretch. Richard Hubber- once for all by the 1851 Census thorne came in 1653, William figures for religious worship. Caton in 1655. The meeting These show a marked change house was pulled down at the from the conditions in the 17th- beginning of the nineteenth- century, where the Compton century. From that time, until Census of 1676 show that the Old meetings were held at the homes Dissent comprised only a small of Friends in the town in the minority of the population, second World War, the history centred mainly in large scattered has little else to say. parishes and in settlements on

6B 234 NOTES AND QUERIES parish borders far from the parish initiative for setting up the church. Friends will recognise college, the author thinks, came immediately that this bears out from the local gentry, who were the view which W. C. Braithwaite worried at the spread of sectaries took in The Second Period of in the district. He also mentions Quakerism, p. 463 note. the possibility that the college might by the government have DONCASTER SCHOOLS been designed to play the same Private schools in Doncaster in the role in the royalist north as nineteenth century, by John Trinity College, Dublin, was to Anthony Harrison (Doncaster serve in Elizabethan, Ireland, and Museum publications, 1958- (although he does not mention J 969), includes brief notes on the this) as the abortive plans for a boarding school of Elizabeth university in the north at Ripon Armstrong (c. 1806), who was (1590-1604) were meant to formerly a teacher at Ackworth establish a seat of reformed and an assistant at Esther Tuke's learning in the middle of a still school in York, and on the school largely unreformed countryside. for girls (day) established in 1810 George Fox "saw the colleges by Mary Camm, n&e Ecroyd, and as a deplorable instrument of her daughters Mary and Sarah orthodoxy in which knowledge of Routh. the liberal arts was to be the Joseph dark's sons went as substitute for godliness". day boys to John Rogerson's school in the town before going FLOUNDERS as boarders to Ackworth. (Refer­ I shall welcome any 'informa­ ences are from H. E. Clark, The tion' relative to the successive life of Joseph Clark, 1870.) stages in the history of the house, Rachel Harrison, a Friend, Flounders, at Ackworth. opened a day school for young This building was completed in girls in Cartwright Street, Don- 1848, when it was known as "The caster on the 7th of ist month Flounders Institute", or "Ben 1828, and it continued at least Flounders" by the students who until 1840. resided therein. It owes its origin From 1878 to 1921 William to the munificence of Benjamin Toase Jackson (1845-1940) had a Flounders of Yarm, who endowed school in the town, having it with ^40,000 to provide a previously been a master at course of training for young male Bootham. Friends, who were desirous of becoming teachers or tutors. DURHAM COLLEGE Isaac Brown was the first Princi­ John Kearney, in Scholars and pal; he was followed in 1870 by Gentlemen: universities and society William Scarnell Lean, who in pre-industrial Britain, 1500- occupied the position of Principal 1700 (London, Faber, 1970) until 1899, and so was concerned notices (pp. 121-122) George with the removal of the Institute Fox's visit to Durham in 1657 to Leeds in 1894. when he met the "man come After 1894 it appears that doune from London to sett upp a Flounders remained unoccupied Colledge there to make ministers for some years, except for the of Christ as they saide". The presence of a caretaker. NOTES AND QUERIES 235 The next occupants leased the many years M.P. for Wilton, has house as a home for inebriate found an able biographer. women, when it was known as The author mentions the 1659 the North Midlands Inebriates' broadside ballad The Four-Legg d Reformatory. Evidence of their Quaker. To the Tune of the Dog occupation is visible today. and Elder's Maid. This was During the 1914-1918 war, Miss included in later collections, Neilson of Hundhill Hall con­ being reprinted as late as 1731. verted the house, at her own "It is a typical Cavalier ballad of expense, into a hospital for the coarse kind .... The obvious wounded soldiers. Many of the and vulgar ribaldry is a natural convalescents were Canadians. corollary of the extravagant After the cessation of hostilities, assumption that Quakers were parts of the house were used as promiscuous and politically private residences: the Town menacing/' Clerk of Pontefract occupied the centre portion. Later, members GlLLINGHAM, DORSET of staff of Ackworth School lived "The Quaker community in in the ground floor quarters, Gillingham was founded on the which in 1940 were turned into rock of the Hannam family. a Junior House for Boys. This Holding the copyhold of the arrangement continued until Town Mills, Stephen Hannam 1946; also plans were executed realised the possibilities of silk for the conversion of the upper throwing as well as corn grinding floor, and later the ground floor, and so handed a thriving concern into self-contained flats for mem­ to his son Josiah." The above bers of staff. The house has extract comes from p. 181 of remained in this service until the Bound to the soil: a social history present time. of Dorset, 7750-79 j#, by Barbara In addition to information, I Kerr (John Baker, 1969. 753.). shall welcome the gift or loan of Gillingham Friends were active old prints, photographs or objects in the Gillingham Sunday school, connected with the house, as we established in 1816 on Lancas- hope to record its history, before terian principles. The author the building passes out of the notes that George and Josiah School's control. Hannam's exercise books are in ARUNDEL, Gillingham Museum. BRIAN For the Quakers, ' 'pacifism did Ackworth School, Pontefract. not prevent their tilting at the Establishment". "During the members of QUAKER eighteenth-century THE FOUR-LEGG'D the Society of Friends had been In P. W. Thomas, Sir John too prosperous... to arouse much Berkenhead, 1617-1679: a royalist clerical opposition." (p. 180.) career in politics and polemics The book contains many de­ (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1969. lightful photographs of rural life ^2.75). Sir John Birkenhead or before the world wars. The Berkenhead, author of Mercurius Rutter and the Gundry families Aulicus the royalist weekly are mentioned. journal issued at Oxford, 1642- 1645, pamphleteer and satirist GLASGOW and after the Restoration for The Register of the Privy Council 236 NOTES AND QUERIES of Scotland, preserved in the and Gloucestershire Archaeologi­ Scottish Record Office. 3rd series, cal Society, Records section, vol. 16, A.D. 1691 (Edinburgh, vol. 8, 1969. 358.), is based on H.M. Stationery Office, 1970. the author's Cambridge Ph.D. £17). This volume includes (p. thesis. 659), a representation by "the The author finds that 190 people called the Quakers in and places of worship for dissenters about the citie of Glasgow" of ill licensed between 1689 and 1800 usage, notably that on 12 Nov­ included 54 Quaker meeting ember 1691 they were hailed out houses (the largest group) (p. 27). of their (hired) meeting house She notices the closely-knit char­ and some of them were impri­ acter of the Quaker groups in soned for 12 days. The meeting various places, and the work of house was plundered and the William Champion in planning seating forms taken away. The his works village at Warmley Lords of the Council asked the (p. 28). Another building venture magistrates of Glasgow to restore was that of the Harfords at any forms etc. taken out of the Blaise Castle (p. 51). The civic house to the true owners. and political work of the Har­ fords at the end of the eighteenth- GLOUCESTERSHIRE century is mentioned (pp. 52, 69, The Buildings of England volumes 165). on Gloucestershire (edited by David Verey, Penguin, ^2.10 and GODLY RULE £2 respectively, 1970) include Godly Rule, politics and religion, notices of Broad Campden, 1603-60, by William M. Lamont, Cirencester, Nailsworth and of the University of Sussex Painswick meeting houses in the (Macmillan, 1969. ^1.75), men­ Cotswold volume. Quakers Row, tions Friends in the final chapter. Coates and the house of John "In the retreat from 'Godly Roberts at Siddington are also Rule' the Quakers play a doubly mentioned. significant role. First, they offered In the Vale volume are the doctrinal challenge to Cal­ Frenchay and Gloucester meeting vinism that Laud had evaded. houses, the Champion Golden They denied the rigid Calvinist Valley Mill and House at Bitton doctrine of election; by attention and Warmley House (now council to the preaching of the inner offices), the ''Quaker Chapel" at light the individual could save Thornbury (with date-stone, himself. This had its dangers, as 1794), and many striking farms when Naylor, the Quaker, be­ and houses with historic associa­ lieved that he was the Messiah." tions like those at Hambrook The author mentions the sup­ (under Winterbourne) and in the port which Penn gave to Algernon Almondsbury and Alveston dis­ Sidney in the 1681 election—"a tricts. disaster that discouraged repeti­ tion". "The second achievement of Local Government in Gloucester­ the Quakers was their stout­ shire, 1775-1800, a study of the heartedness in the face of perse­ Justices of the Peace, by Esther cution. There were some Quakers, Moir (Publications of the Bristol such as Wilkinson and Story, NOTES AND QUERIES 237 who were so attached to the ideas INSANITY of personal responsibility and so Edward Long Fox of Brislington suspicious of corporate discipline House (of which there is the that they defended the practice reproduction of an illustration of of fleeing in times of persecution, 1804), the Tukes of York, and because the custom not to flee The Retreat, are mentioned in had hardened into an unwritten chapters of the section on law." (p. 167.) "Georgian psychiatry" in George III and the mad-business, by Ida Macalpine and Richard Hunter GUILDHALL BROADSIDES (Alien Lane, the Penguin Press, A serious call to the Quakers, 1969. £3.50). The chapter on inviting them to return to Christi­ "The poor and mad" gives a anity. [London], Haws, 1706. 4 p. graphic account of measures The ancient testimony and taken by the Tukes and others principles of the people called concerned to secure reform in the Quakers . . . with respect to the management of the York county King and government; and touch­ asylum in 1813-14. ing the commotions now prevailing in . . . America. [Philadelphia? IRELAND 1776.] 4 p. Signed: John Pember- Documents mainly from the ton, clerk. Greer MSS. provide some signi­ These two items are included ficant items in the Public Record in "A handlist of some of the Office of Northern Ireland publi­ 18th-century broadsides in Guild­ cation entitled: Aspects of Irish hall Library" (The Guildhall Social History, 1750-1800, edited miscellany, vol. 3, no. 2, April by W. H. Crawford and B 1970, pp. 147-156). Train or, with an introduction by J. C. Beckett (Belfast, H.M. Stationery Office, 1969. 125. 6d.). HUGUENOTS No. 13 in the section on "The Bristol Huguenots, 1681- "Resentment against tithes", is a 1791", by Ronald Mayo, author letter from Thomas Greer, 19 of a Lille doctoral thesis pre­ March 1798. The lure of emigra­ sented in 1966 under title "Les tion is illustrated by a letter from Huguenots a Bristol, 1681-1791", Thomas Wright in Pennsylvania, an article in the Proceedings of to Thomas Greer in Dungannon, the Huguenot Society of London, 14 June 1774 (No. 24). Docu­ vol. 21, no. 4, 1970, pp. 437-454, ments in the scetion on trade and mentions a list of French Protes­ industry include the will of tants in distress in Bristol, in the Thomas Christy of Moyallen, co. Friends' archives in the Bristol Down, linen draper, 19 January Archives Office. 1780 (No. 32: Richardson MSS. An article by Professor E. R. T. 1976/1). Briggs on Noel Aubert de Verse Archives from the same collec­ in the same number (pp. 455-463), tions have been used to effect by includes some notices of Aubert's H. D. Gribbon in his The history views on the Quakers, from his of water power in Ulster (David Protestant pacifique (1684). He & Charles, 1969), a publication pleaded publicly for tolerance of of the Institute of Irish Studies, Quakers and Socinians. Queen's University, Belfast. This 238 XOTES AND QUERIES volume includes an admirable little headway in enrolling land­ bibliography. lords and Protestant gentry. In 1871 "Alfred Webb, a Quaker, advised a Catholic member (W. J. O'Neill Daunt) to abandon hope Harriet (Edgeworth) Butler wrote of attracting any large number to Michael Pakenham Butler, her of our protestant fellow country­ brother, of a visit from Father men". Mathew to Edgeworthstown in "Irish Protestant Nationalism 1841, She asked the visitor, ceases to be of importance after "What first made you think of 1914." In fact, the fear that giving the pledge?" "It was the Home rule would mean Rome Quakers in Cork who were always rule drove many into the Union­ asking me to do something about ist camp. the people and temperance socie­ ties,* and one dav^ Mr. Oldham,* a KNARESBOROUGH member of the Established A history of Harrogate dv Knares- Church too . . . said to me, 'You borough, written by the Harrogate are the man, Father Mathew— W.E.A. Local History Group, if you'll undertake it, it will edited by Bernard Jennings succeed/ And then I thought of (Huddersfield, Advertiser Press making them pledge by promise. Limited, 1970. ^3), includes a Before that they used only to couple of pages on Friends in the write down their names". (Edge- district. Material comes from worth Papers.) The above passage Braithwaite, Besse, The first comes from a note on p. 113 of Publishers of Truth and local Michael Hurst's Maria Edge- sources. worth and the public scene (Mac- Hardcastle Garth, Hartwith, millan, 1969. £2.50.) became a centre of local Quaker The author also quotes (from activity. The Pannal constable's the Memoir of Maria Edgeworth, accounts record charges for taking by Mrs. R. L. Edgeworth, 1867, 28 Quakers before Sir William 4 vols.) details concerning the Ingleby, and 6 to York Castle assistance received from "the "two daies travell". Quaker Association in Dublin" Knaresborough Meeting House and the local committee on which was built in 1701. The meeting Maria served in trying to mitigate there "faded out0 in the early hardships during the Famine nineteenth century, but meetings early in 1847. were held in Harrogate during the "season". The Friends' IRISH HOME RULE Meeting House, Chapel Street, An article in the Winter 1969- Harrogate, was built in 1854. 1970 issue of the DalhoitsieReview, PP- 5 2^-539> by John W. Boyle, LAKE DISTRICT entitled "Irish Protestant nation­ The industrial archaeology of the alism in the nineteenth-century". Lake Counties, by \ D. Marshall The author notes that, although and M. Davies-Siiel (Newton the majority of the founding Abbot, David & Charles, 1969. members of Isaac Butt's Home £2.50), is first class. It has a good Government Association in 1870 bibliography of the subject. were Protestants, the body made The authors pay tribute to the NOTES AND QUERIES 239 pioneer work of the late E. in December 1968. See in particu­ Mitford Abraham in his photo­ lar items 37,38,129-131. graphic record of corn mills in Lakeland. Among industries Politics in Leeds, 1830-1852, by mentioned are the activities of Derek Fraser, a Leeds University the London (Quaker) Lead Com­ Ph.D. thesis (1969), includes pany on Alston Moor and else­ some brief notices of Friends' where; the engineering firm of involvement in local as well as Gilbert Gilkes & Gordon of national affairs during the period Kendal; Gawith, Hoggarth's surveyed. snuff works in the same town; Joseph Sturge was an unsuc­ the Waithman flax mills at cessful candidate for one of the Holme, near Milnthorpe; Carrs of borough seats in parliament in Carlisle (and the original biscuit- 1847. The author finds that cutting machine designed by seven Friends on the town council Jonathan Dodgson Carr in 1849). voted against a resolution wel­ coming state intervention in LANCASTER education (1847), an issue which The industrial archaeology of split the Liberals at the time (and Lancashire, by Owen Ashmore probably accounted for Joseph (David & Charles, 1969), covers Sturge's electoral defeat). This much ground. It includes men­ is the period of the Anti-Corn tion (p. 211) of Sunderland Point Law League, and Bright and and Robert Lawson's warehouses Cobden appear briefly on the built early in the 18th century at stage. Cobden was M.P. for the the western entrance to the Lune West Riding. Among Friends estuary. mentioned are Thomas Benson Pease (1782-1846), Robert Arthington, William West and LAW REFORM members of the Birchall, Tatham The popular movement for law and Wilson families. Persons reform, 1640—1660, by Donald who at one time had been Friends Veall (Oxford, Clarendon Press, included William Aldam (1813- 1970) deals with various aspects 1890), elected M.P. for the borough of the demands for reform in the in 1841, son of William Aldam period. The book mentions formerly Pease (1779-1855), and George Fox (on the death penalty John Jowitt (i8n-i888)/ and other matters), John Lilburne (largely during his pre-Quaker LISBURN FRIENDS' SCHOOL period), the Nayler (spelled " Writings on Irish history, 1968" Nay lor) trial, and Gerard Win- stanley in Irish Historical Studies, vol. 16, the Digger. no. 64 (Sept., 1969), p. 485 includes a note of an article by LEEDS Neville H. Newhouse entitled Documents concerning the "The founding of Friends' Arthington and Elam families School, Lisburn" in the Journal are preserved in the Wilson of of the Royal Society of A ntiquaries Seacroft records (Archives De­ of Ireland, vol. 98, pp. 47-55. partment, Sheepscar Library, On page 528 a review of a book Chapel town Road, Leeds, 7), of about Pollbooks (by J. R. which an inventory was prepared Vincent, Cambridge University 240 NOTES AND QUERIES Press, 1967) reveals that Cardinal tion of the buildings. There were Cullen voted in 1865 for the twelve Friends' meeting houses. single (Quaker) liberal standing "The Quakers had two meet­ at the Dublin election. ing-houses in the City; one in the eastern Liberties; in the Middle­ LIVERPOOL sex Out-parishes, three in the "The old Quaker meeting house east, and two in the north. In in Hackins Hey, Liverpool", by Westminster there were one in James Murphy, a paper read the Strand and one in Little before the Historic Society of Almonry. There were two in Lancashire and Cheshire, 18 Southwark." (p. 396.) February 1954, was printed on Among the other valuable pages 79 to 98 of the Society's studies in this handsome volume Transactions for that year, vol. is one by Professor D. V. Glass 106. The paper gives an account entitled "Socio-economic status not only of Liverpool Friends, and occupations in the city of but some details of the meetings London at the end of the seven­ round about, from the beginnings teenth century". until the 18503. MONMOUTH LONDON ''Lay influences on religious life Under the caption "History from in Monmouth since the reforma­ Quaker records", The local his­ tion", by K. E. Kissack (Journal torian, vol. 8, no. 7 (1969), of the Historical Society of the pp. 258-62, reprints portions of Church in Wales, vol. 19, 1969, the article "Quakers South of the pp. 52-78), reveals that " there Bridge" by George W. Edwards, were Quakers meeting in Llanfi- ill The Friends9 quarterly, July hangel Ystern-Llewern by 1660." 1967, to give readers an idea of (P- 63.) some of the aspects of local, social history which Quaker MOUNTMELLICK Ms. records illuminate. There has recently turned up among some family papers a LONDON MEETING-HOUSES small manuscript book of 43 11 Places of worship in London leaves, measuring yjin. by 5 fin. about 1738", by E. S. de Beer, It contains the Minutes of the in the volume of essays written Mountmellick Women's Monthly to honour Mr. P. E. Jones, Meeting comprising the Prepara­ deputy keeper of the Corporation tive Meetings of Mountmellick, of London Records, on his retire­ Mountrath, Ballycarrol, Knock- ment (Studies in London History. ballymagher, Kilconnelmore (or Edited by A. E. J. Hollaender Kilconnenmore), Birr, Roscrea, and William Kellaway. Hodder and Ballinakill, the first minute and Stoughton, 1969. £6.30), is being dated 16 2mo 1755 and the based on the list of places of last nth of the imo 1761. The worship first appearing in last 3 leaves contain "Rules William Maitland's The History agreed upon by the National of London (1739). Men's Meeting the I2th 5mo 1757 The author states that his for the Directions of Women's principal purpose has been to Meetings in the Conducting of show the geographical distribu­ Discipline", but certainly one NOTES AND QUERIES 241 page is wanting and perhaps where oaths were required. more. The meetings were gener­ Victory was largely achieved by ally held at Mountrath and Mountmellick alternately, with The author has used manu­ an occasional change to Kilcon- script sources at i5th Street nelmore (4 times) and Ballinakill Meeting House, New York City. (twice). The names of the repre­ Joseph H. Smith, professor of sentatives from the eight con­ law at the Columbia Law School, stituent Preparative Meetings in his essay "Administrative are given at every meeting, but control of the courts of the it is noticeable how often many American Plantations0, gives an of the Meetings were not repre­ interesting account of the diffi­ sented. A large number of culties which faced Friends in presentations of Intentions of Pennsylvania in securing the Marriage are recorded; also Re­ acceptance of the affirmation moval Certificates received and during the generation following given. the first British Affirmation Act The book has now been de­ of 1696. (Essays in the history of posited in Friends' Historical early American law. Edited with Library, Eustace Street, Dublin. an introduction by David H. J. R. H. GREEVES. Flaherty. Chapel Hill, 1969). nth Qmo 1970. OVENDEN, YORKS. NOTTINGHAM "Ovenden" by the late \V. B. Old Nottingham by Malcolm I. Trigg, a paper delivered to the Thomis (David & Charles, New­ Halifax Antiquarian Society ton Abbot. 1968. 455.), includes (Transactions, 1969, p. in), a note that "the Quakers had includes a note on Friends in the their own, burial ground in parish. Quakers had a place of Walnut Tree Lane near St. worship at Illingworth. This was Nicholas Church and then in noted in Archbishop Sheldon's Friar Lane, once Park Street, Returns in 1669 (among the 46 opposite Spaniel Row. Later it Yorkshire Quaker conventicles became situated in Clarendon there recorded). Street in a site later occupied in part by their new meeting­ PHILADELPHIA house", (p. 98.) "Rattlesnakes and Humming­ birds: Philadelphia's resources OATHS for the history of science", by "Quakers and the state: the Whitfield J. Bell, Jr., in The controversy over oaths in the Papers of the Bibliographical colony of New York' 1, by Kenneth Society of America, vol. 64 (1970), B. West of the University pp. 13-27, mentions many libraries of Michigan Flint College (Michi­ and institutions in and about the gan Academician, vol. 2, no. 4 city which in course of time and (Spring I97°)> PP- 95-i°5), is through good husbandry have sub-titled: An eposide in the become possessed of valuable story of religious freedom. It collections in a field which is deals with developments in the coming to have a more significant campaign to secure to Friends place in educational develop­ the right to affirm in places ment. The Library Company of 242 NOTES AND QUERIES Philadelphia, and the collections Joseph Butterworth, Thomas of the Historical Society of Chapman, Richard __ Davies, •* Pennsylvania are known all over Benjamin Hudson, Knott & the world, but the author notices Lloyd, Thomas Aris Pearson, less-known collections, like the Richard Peart, John White- Charles Roberts autograph col­ house Sho wel 1, My les Swinney. lection at Haverford College— (COLESHILL) William Tite. some 15,000 items, from such (LEAMINGTON) John Hewett. widely separated figures as Sir (WARWICK) Ebenezer Heath- Joseph Banks, Edmond Halley, cote. and John Tyndall. One would like to know more of Minshall QUAKER LEAD COMPANY Painter, the Quaker farmer who 'The London (Quaker) Lead planted an arboretum and devised Company and the Prestatyn a phonetic language. mines scandal", by J. N. Rhodes (Flintshire Historical Society POOLE, DORSET Publications, Journal, 1967-1968, The architecture of the former vol. 23, pp. 42-53), tells the Friends' Meeting House at Poole, story, from papers at the Public on the north side of Prosperous Record Office in London, of a Street, is noticed in the Royal period towards the end of the Commission on Historical Monu­ eighteenth-century before the ments Inventory volume on Lead Company abandoned its Dorset, vol. 2, pt. 2, pp.2oi-2O2 Welsh projects and concentrated (H.M. Stationery Office). In the on the development of its interests same volume (p. 253) we find in the north of England. Pennsylvania Castle, Portland, built for John Penn in 1800 p. 253), and Weymouth Friends1 The activities of the London Burial Ground, 1719, on the east (Quaker) Lead Company in side of Barrack Road (p. 336). Derbyshire are mentioned in The Industrial Archaeology of Derby­ POTTERY shire, by Frank Nixon (David & Staffordshire Blue by W. L. Little Charles. Newton Abbott, 1969). (Batsford, 1969. ^2.50), includes u sef u 1 brief notices of pottery fi rm s RANTERS and their history, like the Bristol "The Ranters —the 'under­ Pottery (Ring, then Pountney), ground' in the England of 1650", the Cambrian Pottery (Dillwyn). by Professor Norman Cohn Some useful plates illustrate (Encounter, April 1970, vol. 34, the work of the potteries. no. 4, pp. 15-25), quotes accounts of George Fox's encounters with PRINTERS the Ranters, in prison at Warwickshire printers' notices, Coventry, at Swannington and 1799-1866. Edited by Paul elsewhere. Morgan. (Dugdale Society, 1970.) The volume includes notices of RAWDON the following printers who are In The railways of Wharfedale known to have worked for Friends (Newton Abbot, David & at one time or another : Charles, 1969. ^3), Peter E. (BIRMINGHAM) Beilby & Knott, Baughan quotes (in chap. 9, NOTES AND QUERIES 243 "The Yeadon branch", p. 151) nail warehouse near here, and from Norman L. Winfield "Last the Friends fitted it with a train to Yeadon", MS. in posses­ stove, and provided tools so sion of Aireborough Public that the unemployed could go Library, on the Guiseley, Yeadon and repair their shoes. They and Rawdon Railway: never used leather—just bits "The route passed over the old of old tyres or sacking, any­ Quaker Burial Ground near thing they could find. The Nunroyd Beck, and the Midland Friends also owned an area of Railway arranged for the re­ land which they turned into maining gravestones to be an allotment, and provided removed to the Friends Meeting cheap tools and seeds for the House in Quakers Lane, Rawdon. unemployed men to grow a On the site of the burial ground few vegetables. But I suppose a small stone plinth was erected the most abiding memory is at the foot of the embankment how it was the poor who with the inscription 'Burial helped the poor/' (p. 21.) Ground 1669'." SCOTCH-IRISH REETH SCHOOL Essays in Scotch-Irish History, A history of the Reeth Friends9 edited by E. R. R. Green (Ulster- School in Swaledale, Yorkshire, Scot Historical Series, 2. Rout- by Edmund Cooper, of Well ledge, 1969, ^1.50), includes a Close, Muker, Richmond, York­ paper by the editor on Ulster shire, gives in 24 pages a clear emigrants' letters—a type of description of the Quaker-spon­ original material by its very sored primary school which nature difficult to track down. served the needs of the dale until The author mentions (p. 91) it was taken over by the North Pennsylvania letters from Robert Riding County Council in 1939. Parke (1735, to his sister in The Raws' Charity continues to Co. Carlow), and from William use its funds for educational Pirn (1732, to his uncles in purposes in the district. Queen's County), both printed by Albert Cook Myers in his RELIEF WORK Immigration of the Irish Quakers, Black Country conditions in 1902. A letter from John the 19305 are described in "An McDonnell, Wilmingtou, N.C., interview with Wesley Perrins", to Thomas Greer, 1771, gives an the doyen of the labour move­ account of the Regulator rising ment in the west midlands in in North Carolina—the leader Bulletin no. 21 (Autumn 1970) Herman Husband having for­ of the Society for the Study of merly been a Friend (p. 101) Labour History. Among other [Public Record Office of Northern things, Wesley Perrins said: Ireland, D. 1044/294]. "I can still see the queues, Esmond Wright, on "Educa­ all along the street, waiting for tion in the American colonies: a 5/- grocery ticket to tide the impact of Scotland", men­ them over Christmas. The tions James Logan (p. 36). He Society of Friends did a great says the Scotch-Irish took over deal of good work during these the Quaker "party" in Penn­ years. There was an old disused sylvania and made it by 1776 244 NOTES AND QUERIES the dominant (and radical) group includes one or two references to in the state (p. 26). "There can, Quakers. I think, be no question that the In Chap. 5 "Religious Collec­ most enterprising of the colonies tivities' ', discussing sects, the in the educational sphere was author says "in the case of the Pennsylvania for Quaker as well Quakers, a religious doctrine as Scottish reasons." (p. 35.) which emphasizes above all the E. Estyn Evans, in 'The 'free' availability of 'the spirit' Scotch-Irish: their cultural adap­ is very congruent with a partici­ tation and heritage in the Ameri­ patory-democratic mode of can Old West", says (pp. 75-76): organisation. But this is one of a "From 1724 onwards Philadelphia relatively few cases where a mode and the other Delaware ports of organisation follows almost took the bulk of the Ulster- logically from a mode of doc­ Scots .... Even the tolerant trine", (p. 130.) Quakers of Philadelphia found In the chapter on "Religious the Ulstermen uncouth and sub­ Culture" the author touches on versive, 'a pernicious and pug­ the economic side, and also nacious people', but as pacifists remarks in a note (p. 188), the Quakers were willing to find "There is a sense in which urban room for fighters on the unsettled areas which are not great cultural Indian frontier." centres also have populations who appear to feel relatively SLAVERY deprived, or 'culturally retarded'. The records of the British and This may in small part help to Foreign Anti-Slavery Society explain some of the cases where (now at Rhodes House, Oxford) religious fecundity has been are used to good effect by notable in 'non-mainstream' C. Duncan Rice of Yale Univer­ cities". He goes on to mention sity in an article entitled: Leicestershire in this connection. " 'Humanity sold for sugar!' The More work would need to be done British abolitionist response to to test the validity of this free trade in slave-grown sugar", suggestion in any particular in The Historical Journal, vol. 13, locality. pt. 3 (i97°)> PP- 4°2-4l8- The same issue includes an article by Edward David of the Werner Stark, The sociology of University of Bristol, on the religion 4: Types of religious impact of the first world war man (Routledge) says: conditions on the Liberal Party. " 'Quaker minister' is almost a The author mentions (p. 523) contradiction in terms. In any Edmund Harvey and Arnold case, if there is such a person, he Rowntree on the pacific wing of is merely a Quaker and no more." the divided party. (p.297-) "The Quakers . . . rejected the SOCIOLOGY very principle of the division of The Sociological Interpretation of labour." (p. 18.) Religion, by Roland Robertson, "Friends can be acknowledged associate professor of Sociology, as Christians only if the meaning University of Pittsburgh (Oxford, of the word is greatly stretched, Basil Blackwell, 1970. 363.) or even strained . ..." (p. 20.) NOTES AND QUERIES 245 "The Quakers set out to be religious uniformity, the presence merely 'a society of friends', i.e. of some who thought otherwise a group bound together by the provided opportunity for proving feeling of brotherliness, and not that government without the bound together by anything support of a state church was else." (p. 168.) possible. "The voluntary principle ". . . Every Quaker is a pope in religion in America1 ' by unto himself . . . ." (p. 274.) Robert T. Handy, an essay in Voluntary Associations: a study TEMPERANCE of groups in free societies. Essays In "Some questions for the local in honour of James Luther historian*' (The local historian, Adams. EditedbyD. B.Robertson vol. 8, no. 5, 1969. pp. 180-186), (John Knox Press, Richmond, Brian Harrison, fellow of Corpus Va., 1966. $9.75), brings this Christi College, Oxford, notes, point out in connection with from his study of the 19th- Mennonite, Baptist and Quaker century temperance movement influence in Rhode Island, New in various places, the part played Jersey, Pennsylvania and Dela­ by the "respectable dissenters— ware. "These experiments in especially Quakers'* who, in the freedom proved that it was 18405 and later took control of possible to have peaceful civil the temperance societies and tied states without establishment of them "to the local dissenting religion, and possible to maintain community". By the 18708 some churches by persuasion only." aristocratic or Anglican patronage (P- 131-) may betoken increasing respecta­ A later essay in the same bility in the temperance move­ volume (by Donovan E. Smucker ment, and "increasing remote­ on Rauschenbusch's view of the ness from the realities of working Church) includes some quota­ class life1 ', (p. 181.) tions from Emile de Laveleye's Protestantism and Catholicism in TITHES their bearing on the liberty and "Tithing customs and disputes: prosperity of nations (London, the evidence of glebe terriers, John Murray, 1875), In one of 1698-1850", by E. J. Evans (The these, de Laveleye said that "For Agricultural History Review, vol. the foundation of a State, the 18, pt. i, pp. 17-35), has a brief Christianity of Penn and of mention of the Quakers Tithe Washington is a better cement Bill of 1736, mentioned in his than the philosophy of Vergniaud article in the 1969 issue of of Robespierre, and of Mirabeau". Journal F.H.S., vol. 52, pp. 106- (p. 167.) 121. There is also a quotation from the Wednesbury terrier of TORTOLA 1730, concerning Friends owning Tortola, a Quaker Experiment of a mine which rendered land Long Ago in the Tropics, by useless (and therefore not paying Charles F. Jenkins (Friends' tithe). Historical Society, 1923, and still in print), is among the TOLERATION collection of Caribbean materials Although the maj ority of colonists purchased from H. Lee Platt, of in North America believed in St. Croix, and now placed in the 246 NOTES AND QUERIES Ralph M. Palewonsky Library at YORKSHIRE the College of the Virgin Islands No. 130 in the collection DD 149 (Ernest Wagner, librarian). at the Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Claremont, Clarendon WALES Road, Leeds (the Parrington Welsh ironmaking and steel and deposit of Slingsby letters, re­ tinplate manufacture in which ceived from Major W. F. Parring­ Friends were concerned provide ton of Kirby Sigston Manor, 25th a proportion of the evidence Nov., 1968), is described as produced in the National Museum follows: of Wales publication, Mines, Copy letter, Deputy Lieutenant mills and furnaces: an introduc­ of the West Riding in answer to a tion to industrial archaeology in letter from the Privy Council Wales, by D. Morgan Rees describing the mobilisation of the (H.M. Stationery Office, 1969. militia and the measures he pro­ 303.). The ironmaking activities posed to take against disaffected of the Hanbury family (Llanelly, persons and Quakers [undated, Pontypool), and the Neath but sorted as 1684], 30 Aug. Abbey Works are particularly The text reads (in part): noticed. "discontented ministers and lecturers are of most dangerous WESTMORLAND ELECTION, 1818 consequence . . . The practice "The Quakers, who have votes of those whom they call are about sixteen in number, all Quakers wee conceive not less with the exception of 3 or 4, dangerous, who still continue against us." (William Words­ there meetings in greate num­ worth to Lord Lonsdale, Kendal, bers, to which wee hope the 29 Jan., 1818. (p. 417,) In The passing of that Bill allready Letters of William and Dorothy dispatched in the house of Wordsworth, arranged and edited Commons will bring a season­ by the late Ernest de Selincourt. able remedy. And wee shall be 2nd edition. III. The Middle careful 1 to put the knowne Years. Part 2, 1812-1820. Re­ Lawes against both in execu­ vised by Mary Moorman and tion." Alan G. Hill. Oxford, 1970. ^5-75)- Among the grants recorded in Thomas Clarkson was working the 39th annual report of the in the county for Brougham in Pilgrim Trust, 1969, are the two the anti-slavery interest. Words­ following: worth to Lord Lonsdale, n Ryedale Folk Museum, March, 1818, from Rydal Mount, Hutton-le-Hole, Yorkshire says: "Mr. C. cannot have (£1,000). Arising from the idea exerted himself much, or he of the late R. W. Crosland, would not hold the opinion which who used to exhibit his small I am told he does, that the collection of antiquities in the Quakers will not vote. This at building now used as a museum. least does not appear to be the Swarthmore Educational opinion in Kendal, with respect Centre, Leeds (£5,000 towards to the greatest part of them." the total estimated cost of (p. 437). In the event Brougham £25,000 for the development did not win the county seat. programme).