Turkish Journal of Bioscience and Collections Volume 4, Number 2, 2020 E-ISSN: 2601-4292

RESEARCH ARTICLE

The Fauna of the Terzioglu Campus of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University

Hayri Koru1 , Murat Tosunoğlu1

Abstract Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus was built on an area with different heights and different habitats. The aim of this study was to determine the spider 1Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of fauna which were distributed in the campus area due to the lack of any detailed study on Biology, Çanakkale, spider fauna of the campus area. In this study, the spider fauna of the Terzioglu Campus area of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University was investigated between September 2018 and ORCID: B.B. 0000-0002-3069-7780; July 2019. The were collected by pitfall traps, sifting and hand aspirators. A total İ.U. 0000-0001-7180-5488; M.T. 0000-0002-9764-2477 of 86 spider species belonging to 30 families were determined. The most common species in the study area were erberi (Keyserling, 1863) and Pisaura mirabilis Received: 21.05.2020 (Clerck, 1957). Revision Requested: 01.06.2020 Last Revision Received: 20.07.2020 Keywords: Aranea, Spider, Fauna, Çanakkale, Turkey Accepted: 20.08.2020

Correspondence: Hayri Koru [email protected]

Citation: Koru, H., & Tosunoglu, M. (2020). The spider fauna of the terzioglu campus of çanakkale onsekiz mart university. Turkish Journal of Bioscience and Collections, 4(2), 112–121. https://doi.org/10.26650/tjbc.20200066

Introduction number of species of Araneae in Turkey is 1129, belonging to 349 genera and 54 families. Spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) spread around the world Despite the increase in studies on Turkish spiders in 400 million years ago and have conquered all ecological recent years, there are still many regions of the country environments (Foelix, 2011). All spiders are carnivores that remain poorly studied. The aim of this preliminary (Foelix, 2011) and they are dominant predators of many study is to make a contribution to the spider diversity of living things in the terrestrial ecosystem (Wise, 1995; Turkey. Bond et al., 2014) and constitute a source of food for vertebrate . Material and Methods Spiders are represented by120 families, 4159 genera and 48424 species in the world (World Spider Catalog, Terzioğlu Campus of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University 2020). The first detailed list of the Turkish spider fauna is located in the southern part of the Çanakkale Province was published by Karol (1967) and contained 302 species on an area bordered by the Beldemiz Site in the north, of spiders. Recently, Demir & Seyyar (2017) published Radar Road in the south, the PTT links in the east and the an updated checklist of spiders in Turkey. Now, the total Çanakkale-İzmir road in the west. The height of the area

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varies between 10-280 m and it is located (40° 06´ Table 1. The spider individuals collected from the Terzioğlu 43.05”E, 26° 24´ 57.48”N) in a 3-hectare forest area. Campus of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University As a research area, forest and bush areas in the campus Family Adult Females Adult Males Juveniles were selected. Spiders were collected between September Agelenidae 9 1 11 2018 and July 2019, by pitfall traps, sifting of leaf litter and hand aspirator methods. The collected samples were 14 13 8 placed in labeled tubes containing 70% ethyl alcohol. Araneidae 35 13 36 The identification of the samples was made by using Clubionidae - - 1 BOECO BSZ-405 stereomicroscope. The general Ctenizidae 2 - - distribution and taxonomic characteristics of all spider - 3 2 species were followed by Nentwig et al., (2020). In the identification of spider species, the keys of Brignoli Dysderidae - 1 13 (1978), Chatzaki (2002), Deltshev and Blagoev (2001), Eresidae 2 - 1

Marusik (2009), Metzner (2011), Le Peru (2011), Gnaphosidae 5 6 8 Bosmans et al. (2013) were used. The specimens are 23 10 7 stored in the Zoology Museum of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University (COMU-ZM). Liocranidae 6 7 1 Lycosidae 17 11 13 Results and Discussion Mimetidae 1 1 1 Nemesiidae - - 5 In this study, the spider fauna of the Terzioğlu Campus of Oecobiidae - - 4 Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University was investigated. The study is a preliminary list of campus spider fauna before Oxyopidae 2 - 8 the thesis work of the spider fauna in Terzioğlu Campus. Palpimanidae 1 2 - The total number of species of Araneae in Turkey is 1129, 12 11 - belonging to 349 genera and 54 families The Linyphidae Pholcidae 2 3 3 family contains 68 genera and are families with the Pisauridae 4 4 23 highest species biodiversity in Turkey. The Salticidae family, containing 134 species is the family with the most Salticidae 26 9 21 species (Danısman et al., 2019). In this study, the Scytodidae 11 - - Salticidae family had the largest number of genera with Segestridae 2 - 1

12 genera, and the Therididae family had the largest Sicariidae - - 1 number of species with 15 species. Sparassidae - - 7 As a result of field studies, 539 specimens were collected and among them 86 species of 30 families were 24 7 16 determined. Adult and juvenile individuals belonging to 13 6 11 25 families were encountered from the collected samples. Uloboridae 3 - 7

110 males and 216 females were identified. Adult samples Zodariidae 2 1 4 could not be obtained in 5 families from the collected Zoropsidae - 1 - samples and 213 juvenile individuals were identified on a level (Table 1). According to the data obtained The ophistosoma structure of the species belonging to from the collected individuals, the female/male ratio was the Araneidae family, which has taxon-specific colors and 1.96:1 and the adult/juvenile ratio was 1.50:1. patterns, has a wide variety of appearance and sometimes Most of the data obtained in the study was collected there is a significant difference in size and color between from adult and young individuals belonging to the the sexes (J. Gál et al. 2016). The study area consisted of Araneidae family. The Araneidae family consist of diverse herbaceous and woody plants, as bushes and forested small and large taxa (Jäger, 2012; Jones, 1983; Loksa, areas provide a suitable habitat for family members to 1972), and members of the family include species that can build orb-web and to spread. build orb-webs between plants, shrubs and tree branches.

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Araneidae is currently the third most diverse spider As a result of the field studies, 35 samples belonging family in the world, containing 3052 species in the genus to (Keyserling, 1863) species were 178 (World Spider Catalog, 2020). In our country, the collected. Amaurobius erberi (Keyserling, 1863) burrows Aranediae family is currently the 9th most diverse spider itself under objects on the ground with a small funnel or family among 54 families with 58 species (Danışman et tube or a mesh built in tree bark. The openings of the land al., 2019). are made up of stony structures and the bark of the forests The most abundant and common spiders were, provide suitable habitats for the species. Amaurobius erberi (Keyserling, 1863) and Pisaura As a result of the field studies, 31 individuals mirabilis (Clerck, 1957). In addition, the collection of the belonging to Pisaura mirabilis (Clerck, 1957) were samples in the study area with an aspirator generally collected. This species walks actively on the ground and enabled the capture of samples that actively navigate the hunts free. The study area consisted of herbaceous plants, place and build orb-web. as shrubs and dead leaves provide a suitable habitats for the species.

Table 2. The list of the spiders of Terzioğlu Campus of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University

Family Genera Species Global Distribution Material Examined Agelena sp. Juveniles: 11♀♀ Agelena Walckenaer, Agelena orientalis Agelenidae 1805 to , Adults: 2♀♀ C.L. Koch, 1837 C.L. Koch, 1837 Maimuna Maimuna vestita Eastern Mediterranean Adults: 7♀♀ 1♂♂ Lehtinen 1967 (C.L. Koch, 1841) Amaurobius erberi (Keyserling, Canary Island, , Amaurobiidae Amaurobius Adults: 14♀♀ 13♂♂ 1863) Turkey, (Keyserling, 1863) C.L. Koch, 1837 Amaurobius sp. Juveniles: 8♀♀

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Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Agalenatea redii (Europe to South Adults: 10♀♀ 1♂♂ Archer, 1951 (Scopoli, 1763) ), Iran, C.Asia, Europe, Middle East, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Araneus Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757 Far East), Iran, Central Asia, Adults: 1♂♂ Clerck, 1757 China, . Introduced to Araneus sp. Juveniles: 12♀♀ , Hungary, Cyclosa sierrae Cyclosa , Turkey, Caucasus, Adults: 7♀♀ 6♂♂ Simon, 1870 Menge, 1866 Iran Cyclosa sp. Juveniles: 14♀♀ Araneidae North , Europe, Turkey, Clerck, 1757 Gibbaranea biturberculata Gibbaranea , Russia, Iran, Central Adults: 2♀♀ 1♂♂ (Walckenaer, 1802) Archer, 1951 Asia to China, Japan, Gibbaranea sp. Juveniles: 2♀♀ Glyptogona Glyptogona sextuberculata Italy to Israel Adults: 6♀♀ 2♂♂ Simon, 1884 (Keyserling, 1863) Mangora Madeira, Europe, North Mangora acalypha (Walckenaer, O.Pickard-Cambridge, Africa, Turkey, Middle East, Adults: 4♀♀ 2♂♂ 1802) 1889 Caucasus, Russia, C.Asia , Europe, Turkey, Zilla Zilla diodia Adults: 1♀♀ Caucasus, Russia, Iran C.L. Koch, 1834 Zilla sp. Juveniles: 5♀♀ 1♂♂ Zygiella Zygiella keyserlingi Southern Europe, Adults: 5♀♀ O.Pickard-Cambridge, (Ausserer, 1871) Ukraine, Turkey 902 Zygiella sp. Juveniles: 1♀♀ 2♂♂ Clubiona Clubionidae Wagner, 1887 Clubiona sp. Juveniles: 1♂♂ Latreille, 1804 Ctenizidae Cyrtocarenum Ausserer, Cyrtocarenum cunicularium (incl. , Rhodes), Adults: 2♀♀ Thorell, 1887 1871 (Olivier, 1811) Turkey Brigittea Brigittea latens Europe to Central Asia Adults: 1♂♂ Lehtinen, 1967 (Fabricius, 1775) Dictyna Dictyna sp. Juveniles: 1♀♀ Sundevall, 1833 Dictynidae O.Pickard- Cambridge, 1871 Lathys sp. Juveniles: 1♀♀ Simon, 1884 , , North Scotolathys Scotolathys simplex , Greece, Adults: 2♂♂ Simon, 1884 Simon, 1884 Ukraine, Israel Europe, Caucasus, Iraq, Central Asia. Introduced to Dysdera Dysdera crocata North America, , Brazil, Adults: 1♂♂ Dysderidae Latreille, 1804 C.L. Koch, 1838 , New Zealand, C.L. Koch, 1837 Hawaii Harpactea Harpactea sp. Juveniles: 13♂♂ Bristowe, 1939 Eresus sandaliatus (Martini & Eresidae Eresus Europe Adults: 2♀♀ Goeze, 1778) C.L. Koch, 1845 Walckenaer, 1805 Eresus sp. Juveniles: 1♀♀

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Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Drassodes lapidosus (Walckenaer, Russia, Israel, Iran, Central Adults: 1♀♀ 1♂♂ 1802) Asia, China, Korea, Japan Drassodes Mediterranean, Ukraine, Westring, 1851 Drassodes lutescens Caucasus, Russia, Central Adults: 1♀♀ 2♂♂ (C.L. Koch, 1839) Asia, Iran, Drassodes sp. Juveniles: 7♀ Mediterranean, Eastern Gnaphosidae Europe, Turkey, Middle East, Nomisia aussereri Pocock, 1898 Nomisia Caucasus, Adults: 1♀♀ (L. Koch, 1872) Dalmas, 1921 Russia, , Central Asia, China Nomisia sp. Juveniles: 1♀♀ , North Macedonia, Zelotes cingarus , Greece, Turkey, Adults: 2♀♀ 1♂♂ Zelotes (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) Gistel, 1848 Zelotes subterraneus Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Adults: 2♂♂ (C.L. Koch, 1833) Russia, Central Asia, China Centromerus Centromerus albidus Europe, Turkey Adults: 1♀♀ Dahl, 1886 Simon, 1929 Europe, North Africa, Turkey, Frontinellina frutetorum Caucasus, Russia (Europe Frontinellina Adults: 9♀♀ (C.L. Koch, 1835) to South Siberia), Iran, Van Helsdingen, 1969 Kazakhstan, Central Asia Frontinellina sp. Juveniles: 7♀♀ Gonatium Gonatium cappadocium Turkey Adults: 1♀♀ Menge, 1868 Millidge, 1981 Linyphiidae Neriene Neriene furtiva Europe, North Africa, Russia Blackwall, 1859 Adults: 1♀♀ Blackwall, 1833 (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1871) (Europe to South Siberia) Sintula Sintula retroversus Europe, Turkey, Caucasus Adults: 10♀♀ 7♂♂ Simon, 1884 (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1875) Tapinopa Tapinopa gerede Turkey Adults: 1♀♀ 1♂♂ Westring, 1851 Saaristo, 1997 Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Walckenaeria Walckenaeria alticeps Russia (Europe to Middle Adults: 1♂♂ Blackwall, 1833 (Denis, 1952) Siberia), Iran Mesiotelus scopensis North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Liocranidae Mesiotelus Adults: 6♀♀ 7♂♂ Drensky, 1935 Greece, Turkey, Iran Simon, 1897 Simon, 1897 Mesiotelus sp. Juveniles: 1♀♀ Alopecosa albofasciata Alopecosa Mediterranean to Central Asia Adults: 12♀♀ 9♂♂ (Brullé, 1832) Simon, 1885 Alopecosa sp. Juveniles: 6♀♀ 4♂♂ Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Hogna radiata Hogna Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Adults: 4♀♀ (Latreille, 1817) Simon, 1885 Central Asia Hogna sp. Juveniles: 3♀♀ Lycosidae Pardosa Pardosa hortensis Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Adults: 1♂♂ Sundevall, 1833 C.L. Koch, 1847 (Thorell, 1872) Russia, Iran, Japan Trabea Trabea paradoxa Southern Europe, Turkey Adults: 1♂♂ Simon, 1876 Simon, 1876 Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Trochosa Trochosa ruricola Central Asia, China, Japan, Adults: 1♀♀ C.L. Koch, 1847 (De Geer, 1778) Korea, North America, , Puerto Rico, Ero flammeola Canary Is., to Greece Ero Adults: 1♂♂ Simon, 1881 (Corfu), Turkey, Israel Mimetidae C.L. K och, 1836 Ero sp. Juveniles: 1♀♀ Simon, 1881 Mimetus Mimetus laevigatus Mediterranean to Central Asia Adults: 1♀♀ Hentz, 1832 (Keyserling, 1863)

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Nemesiidae Raveniola Raveniola sp. Juveniles: 5♂♂ Simon, 1889 Zonstein, 1987 Oecobiidae Oecobius Oecobius sp. Juveniles: 4♀♀ Blackwall, 1862 Lucas, 1846 Europe, North Africa Oxyopes heterophthalmus to Middle East, Turkey, Adults: 1♀♀ (Latreille, 1804) Caucasus, Kazakhstan, China Oxyopidae Oxyopes Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Thorell, 1870 Latreille, 1804 Oxyopes lineatus Russia (Europe to Central Adults: 1♀♀ Latreille, 1806 Asia), Middle East, Central Asia Oxyopes sp. Juveniles: 7♀♀ 1♂♂ Palpimanus Palpimanus orientalis Palpimanidae Thorell, 1870 Albania, Greece, Turkey Adults: 1♀♀ 2♂♂ Dufour, 1820 Kulczynski, 1909 Pulchellodromus Pulchellodromus pulchellus Mediterranean Adults: 4♀♀ 2♂♂ Wunderlich, 2012 (Lucas, 1846) Thanatus atratus Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Adults: 1♀♀ Simon, 1875 Russia Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Thanatus pictus Russia (Europe to West Adults: 1♀♀ L. Koch, 1881 Thanatus Siberia), Kazakhstan, Iran Philodromidae C.L. Koch, 1837 North America, Europe, Thorell, 1870 North Africa, Turkey, Israel, Thanatus vulgaris Caucasus, Russia , Iran, Adults: 5♀♀ 8♂♂ Simon, 1870 Kazakhstan, Central Asia, China, Korea Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Tibellus macellus Russia (Europe to Far East), Adults: 1♀♀ 1♂♂ Simon, 1875 Simon, 1875 Kazakhstan Holocnemus pluchei Pholcidae Holocnemus Europe, northern Africa Adults: 2♀♀ 3♂♂ (Scopoli, 1763) C.L. Koch, 1850 Simon, 1873 Holocnemus sp. Juveniles: 1♀♀ 2♂♂ Europe, Turkey, Middle East, Pisaura mirabilis Pisauridae Pisaura Caucasus, Russia, Central Adults: 4♀♀ 4♂♂ (Clerck, 1757) Simon, 1890 Simon, 1886 Asia, China Pisaura sp. Juveniles: 21♀♀ 2♂♂

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Carrhotus Carrhotus sp. Juveniles: 1♀♀ Thorell, 1891 Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Euophrys frontalis Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Adults: 1♂♂ (Walckenaer, 1802) Central Asia, China, Korea, Euophrys Japan C.L. Koch, 1834 Euophrys rufibarbis Southern Europe, N.Africa, Adults: 3♀♀ 1♂♂ (Simon, 1868) Turkey, China Euophrys sp. Juveniles: 2♀♀ Evarcha Evarcha jucunda Canary Is., Mediterranean, Adults: 5♀♀ Simon, 1902 (Lucas, 1846) Belgium, Macaronesia, North Africa, Heliophanus Heliophanus kochii Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Adults: 1♀♀ 1♂♂ C.L. Koch, 1833 Simon, 1868 Kazakhstan, , USA Canary Is., Mediterranean, Menemerus E.Europe, Turkey, Adults: 6♀♀ 2♂♂ Simon, 1868 (Hahn, 1829) USA,Caucasus, Iran, , Chile Neon Neon sp. Juveniles: 3♀♀ Salticidae Simon, 1876 Blackwall, 1841 Portugal, Spain, , Pellenes brevis Italy, Germany, Bulgaria, Pellenes Adults: 1♂♂ (Simon, 1868) Macedonia, Greece, Ukraine, Simon, 1876 Turkey, , Iran Pellenes sp. Juveniles: 4♀♀ 5♂♂ Europe, North Africa to Middle East, Turkey, Philaeus Philaeus chrysops Caucasus, Russia, Iran, Adults: 5♀♀ Thorell, 1869 (Poda, 1761) Central Asia, Korea , China, , Phlegra Phlegra sp. Juveniles: 1♀♀ Simon, 1876 Pseudeuophrys Pseudeuophrys lanigera Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Adults: 5♀♀ Dahl, 1912 (Simon, 1871) USA Saitis sp. Juveniles: 4♀♀ Saitis Italy, Hungary, N.Macedonia, Simon, 1876 Saitis tauricus Kulczynski, 1905 Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Adults: 1♀♀ 3♂♂ Ukraine Salticus Salticus sp. Juveniles: 1♀♀ Latreille, 1804 Europe, North Africa, Turkey, Scytodidae Scytodes Scytodes thoracica Iran, Asia to China, Korea, Adults: 11♀♀ Blackwall, 1864 Latreille, 1804 (Latreille, 1802) Japan, N.America, Argentina, India, Australia, New Zealand Segestria senoculata Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Segestriidae Segestria Adults: 2♀♀ (Linnaeus, 1758) Iran Simon, 1893 Latreille, 1804 Segestria sp. Juveniles: 1♀♀ Sicariidae Loxosceles Loxosceles sp. Juveniles: 1♀♀ Keyserling, 1880 Heineken & Lowe, 1832 Sparassidae Micrommata Micrommata sp. Juveniles: 7♀♀ Bertkau, 1872 Latreille, 1804

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Achaeridion Achaeridion conigerum Europe, Turkey Adults: 1♀♀ Wunderlich, 2008 (Simon, 1914) Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Asagena Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Adults: 1♂♂ Sundevall, 1833 (Panzer, 1801) C.Asia, China, Korea Enoplognatha afrodite Enoplognatha Southern Europe Adults: 1♀♀ Hippa & Oksala, 1983 Pavesi, 1880 Enoplognatha sp. Juveniles: 2♀♀ Episinus Episinus sp. Juveniles: 1♂♂ Walckenaer, 1809 Euryopis Euryopis episinoides Mediterranean to Turkey, Adults: 1♀♀ 2♂♂ Menge, 1868 (Walckenaer, 1847) Israel, Reunion, India, China Cape Verde Is., Canary Is., Kochiura aulica Kochiura N.Africa, Europe, Turkey, Adults: 1♀♀ (C.L. Koch, 1838) Archer, 1950 Caucasus, Iran Kochiura sp. Juveniles: 3♀♀ Neottiura Neottiura herbigrada Madeira, Mediterranean, Adults: 1♀♀ Menge, 1868 (Simon, 1873) Ukraine, China, Korea Parasteatoda Parasteatoda lunata Europe, Turkey, Israel, Adults: 1♀♀ Archer, 1946 (Clerck, 1757) Caucasus, Russia, Iran Pholcomma Pholcomma gibbum Europe, North Africa, Turkey, Adults: 1♂♂ Theridiidae Thorell, 1869 (Westring, 1851) , Sundevall, 1833 North America, Europe, North Steatoda albomaculata Africa to Israel, Russia, Iran, Adults: 3♀♀ (De Geer, 1778) Kazakhstan, Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan Steatoda paykulliana Europe, Mediterranean to Steatoda Adults: 5♀♀ (Walckenaer, 1806) Central Asia Sundevall, 1833 Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Steatoda triangulosa Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Adults: 4♀♀ (Walckenaer, 1802) Asia. Introduced to Canada, USA, Canary Is. Steatoda sp. Juveniles: 3♀♀ Theridion adrianopoli North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Adults: 3♀♀ 1♂♂ Drensky, 1915 Albania, Greece, Turkey Theridion betteni Theridion Europe, Turkey Adults: 1♂♂ Wiehle, 1960 Walckenaer, 1805 Macaronesia, North Africa, Theridion melanurum Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Adults: 2♀♀ 1♂♂ Hahn, 1831 Russia , USA Europe, Turkey, Russia Theridion mystaceum Theridion (Europe to South Siberia), Adults: 1♀♀ L. Koch, 1870 Walckenaer, 1805 China Theridion sp. Juveniles: 3♀♀ 4♂♂

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Heriaeus Heriaeus sp. Juveniles: 1♀♀ Simon, 1875 Greece, Turkey, Israel, Monaeses israiliensis Monaeses , Iran, Central Asia, Adults: 2♀♀ Levy, 1973 Thorell, 1869 China Monaeses sp. Juveniles: 1♂♂ Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Ozyptila atomaria Russia (Europe to Far East), Adults: 1♀♀ (Panzer,1801) Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan Ozyptila confluens Ozyptila Southern Europe, Syria Adults: 1♀♀ (C.L. Koch, 1845) Simon, 1864 Ozyptila sanctuaria Europe Adults: 2♂♂ (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1871) Turkey, Israel, Iran, Ozyptila tricoloripes Azerbaijan, , Adults: 2♀♀ 3♂♂ Strand, 1913 Kazakhstan Thomisidae Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Sundevall, 1833 Synema Synema globosum Russia, Israel, Iran, Central Adults: 1♀♀ Simon, 1864 (Fabricius, 1775) Asia, China, Korea, Japan Thomisus Thomisus sp. Juveniles: 2♀♀ Walckenaer, 1805 Tmarus Tmarus sp. Juveniles: 1♀♀ 1♂♂ Simon, 1875 Xyticus acerbus Europe to Central Asia, Adults: 1♀♀ Thorell, 1872 Russia (Europe to Far East) Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Xysticus cristatus Russia, Iran, Central Asia, Adults: 1♀♀ (Clerck, 1757) China, Korea, Japan Xyticus Xysticus kochi Europe, Mediterranean to C.L. Koch, 1835 Adults: 1♀♀ 1♂♂ Thorell, 1872 Central Asia North America, Europe, Xysticus luctuosus Turkey, Caucasus, Russia, Adults: 1♀♀ (Blackwall, 1836) Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia Xysticus sp. Adults: 5♀♀ Uloborus sp. Juveniles: 7♀♀ Madeira, Europe, Turkey, Uloboridae Uloborus Uloborus walckenaerius Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Thorell, 1869 Latreille, 1806 Adults: 3♀♀ Latreille, 1806 Far East), Iraq, Iran, Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan Zodarion bigaense Bosmans, Özkütük, Varli & Kunt, Turkey Adults: 2♀♀ 2014 Zodariidae Zodarion North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Thorell, 1881 Walckenaer, 1826 Zodarion morosum Albania, Greece, Turkey, Adults: 1♂♂ Denis, 1935 Ukraine, Russia (Europe, Caucasus) Zodarion sp. Juveniles: 3♀♀ 1♂♂ , Greece, Bulgaria, Zoropsidae Zoropsis Zoropsis lutea Ukraine, Turkey, Syria, Adults: 1♂♂ Bertkau, 1882 Simon, 1878 (Thorell, 1875) Lebanon, Israel, Iran

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