Designing Memory Sabina Tanović Index More Information Www

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48652-1 — Designing Memory Sabina Tanović Index More Information

Index

‘Memorial Glade’, 162 Auschwitz 11-M memorial, 151–7, 173, 239 international competition, 49 curved glass bricks, 155 Memorial Committee, 49 deterioration, 156–7 panorama of, 114 personal grief, 155 representation of, 89 political filter, 152 survivors, 51 sacred place, 156 Austria serene and intimate space, 152 Judenplatz Holocaust Memorial, Vienna, 59 3RW architects, 165, 169 The Vienna Project, 122 9/11 memorial, 174 adjustments, 160 Baljon, Lodewijk, 216 meaningful adjacency, 161 Ballhausen, Nils, 106 public space, 161 banalization, 90 9th Fort Memorial and Museum, Kaunas, 47 Basaldella, Dino, 43 BBPR, 40 abstract art, 114 Belgium active participation, 70 Belgium’s Jews, 180 Adorno, Theodor, 77 Bloody Fields of Flanders, 215 on Beckett’s Endgame, 116 Brussels. See terrorist attack on non-idenitity, 99 Dossin Barracks. See Kazerne Dossin Alexander, Jeffrey, 102–3 Flanders Fields, 204 Ambasz, Emilio, 70 Flanders Foreign Affairs Department, 217 ambiguous place attachment, 109 Flemish memory activists, 204, 231 Angeli-Radovani, Kosta, 49 Flemish Peace Institute, 214 appropriation In Flanders Fields Museum (1998), 231 of memorial spaces, 78, 91, 174, 238 Jewish Museum of Deportation and Arad, Michael, 159, 174 Resistance, 181 Architectural Review The Flanders Fields Post, 231 ‘In Search of New Monumentality’,37 war heritage, 229 architecture and context, 107 Wounded But Still Standing, 173 global culture of memory, 114 Belopolsky, Yakow, 35 monumentality vs. modesty, 118 Benjamin, Walter, 142 place memory, 107 Bevan, Robert, 88 sense of place, 107, 111 Bill, Max, 38 terrorscape, 110 Blomfield, Reginald, 25 architecture parlante, 31, 54 Bogdanović, Bogdan, 45, 86, 88, 135 dark, 117 Boico, Romano, 42 Ariès, Philippe, 133 Boltanski, Christian, 59 on invisible death, 93 Bosnia and Herzegovina artificial infinite, 24, 129 genocide, 68 Asplund, Erik Gunnar, 141 Memorial in Exile, 103 Assmann, Jan, 80 Prijedor, Omarska, 103 Attie, Shimon, 120 Srebrenica Memorial Room, 125 265

266 Index

Boullée, Etienne-Louis, 116, 129 Choay, Françoise, 5, 120 on new genre in architecture, 131 Clausen, George Bourgeois, Louise Youth Mourning,21 No Escape and No Exit, 135 Cold War, 35, 38, 227 Brâncuși, Constantin, 55, 224 ﬁgural vs. abstract, 35 Breivik, Anders, 163 collective Burden, Chris identity, 88 The Other Vietnam Memorial (1991), 57 memory, 80, 92, 103 Burke, Edmund memory studies, 8 on sublime, 129 mourning, 78, 96 Butler, Judith, 103 remembrance, 11, 79 Butler, Reg, 38 Collin-Thiébaut, Gérard, 70 Colvin, Howard, 128 Camp Westerbork, The Netherlands, 84, 143 connective turn, 66 Camus, Albert, 135 Constant, Benjamin, 92 Casey, Edward contemporary commodity, 73 on place memory, 107 Cordonnier, Louis-Marie, 205 Cassou, Jean, 40 COR-TEN, 142, 226 Castiglioni, Giannino, 30 counter-memory Cemeteries counter-hotel, 106 American Battle Monuments Commission, counter-monuments, 8, 58, 236 25 generation, 57 American cemeteries, 26 Creighton, Thomas H., 173 battleﬁeld memorials, 23 Cret, Paul Philippe, 25 British First World War, 23 Croatia commemoration of. See Remembrance Park Field of Crosses (2010), 71 Congressional Cemetery, Washington, DC, Jasenovac memorial site, 86 131 Memorial Complex at Kampor, educational spaces, 123 140 equality of death, 24 cultural memory, 79 German First World War cemeteries, 26 actual cultural memories, 80 German spirit and art. See eternal nature potential cultural memories, 80 Igualada cemetery, Barcelona, 134 Military Sacrarium of Redipuglia, 30 Dahlberg, Jonas, 163 Modena ossuary, 136 Danteum, 31 names of the dead, 94 Danto, Arthur, 7 Notre Dame de Lorette. See Ring of Memory De Graaf, Jan, 216 memorial deconstructivism, 60 Partisan Cemetery in Mostar, 135 Deconstructivist Architecture, 61 post-war landscape. See Remembrance Park deep structure, 130 San Cataldo cemetery, 136 Demnig, Gunter, 59 spaces of transition, 133 descent into the earth, 131 Thiepval. See France didactic, 120, 126 tourism, 229 aspect, 224, 235 transforming trauma, 111 component, 177 Tyne Cot, 127, 212 content, 74, 114, 218, 238 Uitzicht crematorium in Kortrijk, Belgium, experiences, 116 137 framework, 143 Woodland Cemetery, 140 holding environment, 127 Woodland Chapel, 141 interrelational environment, 123 Cenotaph to Sir Isaac Newton (1784), 129 key factors, 126 Chicago, Judy potential, 122 Dinner Party (1979), 56 traditional, 235

Index 267

Diener, Roger, 196 Memorial to the Armenian Genocide, Lyon, Diener & Diener Architects. See Drancy 71 Memorial Museum Memorial to the Battle of Arras, 68 Divine Comedy. See Danteum Memorial to the Deportation, Paris, 39, 56, Dix, Otto, 21 112–13, 177, 202 Der Krieg, 110 Memorial to the Unknown Jewish Martyr, Doss, Erika, 7, 74, 118 39 Drancy Memorial Museum, 192–8 National Memorial to the Algerian War, 70 background architecture, 202 Nord-Pas-de-Calais, 69, 205 connection with the site, 196 Shoah Memorial in Paris, 192 engaging scenography, 194 Thiepval Memorial, 24, 56, 235 monumentality, 194 Trails of Memory, 68, 205 reflective glass, 197 Trench of Bayonets, Verdun, 78 research institution, 196 Freed, James Ingo, 117 transparent work of memory, 193 Freud, Sigmund Džamonja, Dušan, 49 Mourning and Melancholia (1917), 96 on screen memories, 82 Eisenman, Peter, 61, 63 Friedrich, Caspar David, 21 environmental art movement, 55 deathscapes, 133 eternal fire, 48 Gali, Beth, 110 life, 92 genius loci, 24, 55 nature, 26 Germany Reich, 28 Aschkroft fountain, Kassel, 58 eternal nature, 26 Bergen–Belsen, 198 ethical purpose, 58 Berlin Wall memorial, 73 Etlin, Richard, 130, 135 Blut und Boden, 64 Book-Mark, Bonn, 121 Faloci, Pierre-Louis, 206 Jewish Museum of Berlin, 61 FAM Arquictetura y Urbanismo. See 11-M Kriegerdenkmal, Munich, 27 memorial Liebknecht-Luxemburg Memorial, Berlin, 27 Faulkner, William, 52 Memorial for the Book Burning, Berlin, 59 Finsterwalder, Ulrich, 27 Memorial for the Murdered Jews of Europe, flight MH17 memorial, 170 Berlin, 62 Foucault, Michael Memorial to the Sinti and Roma victims of on cemeteries, 175 National Socialism, 65, 200 on counter-memory, 83 Missing House,59 France Mittelbau-Dora, 198 Ablain-Saint-Nazaire, 205 Monument Against Fascism, Hamburg- Arc de Triomphe, 24 Harburg, 58 Cité de la Muette, 190 Monument to Homosexual Holocaust Departmental Archives of Seine-Saint- Victims, Berlin, 65 Denis, 192 Monument to the March Dead, Weimar, 27 Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah, Neue Bremm memorial, Saarbrücken, 105, 192 127 Generation Bataclan, 169 Neue Wache, 28, 157 ‘Hell in the North’, 205 Ort der Information, 65 Interment and Deportation memorial in Pro Memoria Garden, 70 Royallieu, 127, 143 Square of the Invisible Monument, Le Réseau art committee, 39 Saarbrücken, 71 Lens’ 14–18, 206 The Square of the European Promise, Lens-Liévin Metropolitan District, 205 Bochum, 71, 164 Memorial to the Abolition of Slavery, 86 Gerz, Jochen, 58, 71, 164

268 Index

Geurst, Jeroen, 216 individual memory, 100 Giacometti, Alberto individuality, 95, 151 Hands Holding The Void,32 Israel Giedion, Sigfried, 36 Dakar Memorial, 53 globalization, 68 Negev Brigade Memorial, 53 exclusivity, 69 Yad Vashem Hall of Remembrance, Good Grief, 129 53 Greppi, Giovanni, 30 Yad Vashem memorial complex, 53 Gropius, Walter, 27 Yad Vashem Museum, 62 Italy, 40–4 Halbwachs, Maurice, 79 fascism, 30 Hansen, Oskar Fosse Ardeatine Mausoleum, 40, 44 closed form, 50 Galleria dei Fasci,30 open form, 50 Monument to Roberto Sarfatti in Col healing, 2, 159, 165, 172 d’Echele, 31 complicated grief, 100 Monument to the Resistance, Udine, 43 concept of, 96 Monument to the Victims of the Nazi environment, 162 Concentration Camps, Milan, 40 participation, 55 Monument to the Women of the Resistance, a period of mourning, 97 Venice, 41 spaces, 53, 66, 201 Mussolini’s rule, 90 structure, 173 Per la Patria Immortale, 30 wound, 157 Resistance Park in Ancona, 42 Heart, Frederic Risiera di San Sabba, 42, 213 The Three Soldiers,57 Rodolfo Graziani mausoleum, 84 Hegnhuset memorial, Utøya, 167 scala santa, 32 Hejduk, John, 132 Shoah memorial, 84 Hoar, George F., 131 Tenth Anniversary of the Fascist Hoheisel, Horst, 58, 114 Revolution, 30 Hollein, Hans The Shrine of the Martyrs, 30 Monument to the victims of the Holocaust, 43 Janson, Horst, 6 Holocaust, 11–14, 33, 54, 60–6 Janus-faced, 2, 105, 233 Belgian case, 181 terrible vs. beautiful, 116 education, 122 Jarr, Alfredo inclusion, 104 Geometrίa de la conciencia, 127 memorial art, 114 Real Pictures, 125 musealization of, 202 proliferation, 235 Kadishman, Menashe schematic representation, 201 Shalechet (Fallen Leaves),62 Yolocaust, 199 Kahn, Louis I., 52 Holocaust Museum in Ottawa, 114 Making of a Room, 136 Homans, Peter on power of light, 53 on the mourning process, 97 Kalashyan, Sashur, 48 hope-giving vs. absence of meaning, 139 Kansteiner, Wulf Hornstein, Shelley, 75 on cultural trauma, 103 human rights Kapoor, Anish in Holocaust education, 122 Orbit Tower. See Memorial in Exile recognition of injustice, 99 Karavan, Dani, 53, 65, 200 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 235 Passages, 142 universal vs. speciﬁc, 181, 188, 201 Kazerne Dossin, 183–9 Hutton, Patrick, 82 Belgian historians manifesto, 201 Huyssen, Andreas, 68, 72 competition brief, 187

Index 269

embarrassment built in stone, 183 Lefebvre, Henry genius loci, 189 on spatial theory, 108 hope and future prospects, 185 Léger, Fernand, 36 hortus conclusus, 185 Lewerentz, Sigurd, 141 memorial, 186 LeWitt, Sol multifunctional spaces, 186 Black Form Dedicated to the Missing Jews,57 public space, 197 White Pyramid,58 representation of perpetrators, 188 Libera, Adalberto, 30 Kelly, Ellsworth, 159 Libeskind, Daniel, 58, 61, 65, 114 Khachatryan, Hovhannes, 48 Studio Daniel Libeskind, 159 Khatyn memorial, Belarus, 127 lieux de mémoire, 106 Knappe, Karl, 27, 33 liminality, 123 Kohlhoff & Kohlhoff architects, 74 Lin, Maya, 8, 21, 54, 57, 127 Kokoschka, Oskar. See mausoleum for Max Linenthal, Edward, 117 Dvorák Lingeri, Pietro, 31 Kolacio, Zdenko, 49 London Kollwitz, Käthe, 26, 32, 157 Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red,69 The Grieving Parents, 21, 227 Cenotaph, 94 Koselleck, Reinhart, 2, 11, 35 Good Grief, 129 Krauss, Rosalind Institute of Contemporary Arts, 37 on negative form, 55 Loos, Adolf, 118, 128, 132, 176 Kučan, Ninoslav, 49 López Balan, Israel Kurto, Nedžad, 91 Monument to Fear, 75 Lutyens, Edwin, 20, 23, 234 Lachert, Bohdan, 36 Stone of Remembrance,23 landscape Lyotard, Jean-François, 89 architecture, 26 Lysningen, Utøya, 165, 175 art, 55 authenticity of, 219 Maarjamäe Memorial, Tallin, 47 commemorative, 15 MAAS Design Group, 128 conveying meaning, 140 Marconi, Federico, 43 cut into, 164 matterbetter platform, 171 featureless, 21 how we design hope, 171 First World War, 110, 216 mausoleum for Max Dvorák, 129, 132 Kongenshus Mindepark, 140 Meire, Johan, 216 milky way, 217 Melnychenko, Volodymyr, 49 mnemonic. See mnemonic Memento Park in Budapest, 109 narratives, 139 MEMO, 73 non-natural order, 140 Memorial City opera, 74 non-specific references, 141 Memorial in Exile, 103 palimpsest, 223 Memorial to Jan Palach, Prague, 132 perilous, 111 Memorial to the Estonia’s victims of perilous landscapes, 198 Communism, Tallin, 48 serene, 84 Memorial to the victims of the Armenian signifier, 227 genocide, Yerevan, 48 spatial, 47 memorials and the mourning process, 94 spatially layered phenomenon, 217 memoricide. See Bevan, Robert sublimity of, 213 Kristallnacht, 88 time as the sculptor, 224 Mostar’s old bridge, 88 as witness of war, 217 New York’s twin towers, 88 Latrobe, Henry, 131 urbicide, 88 Le Corbusier, Charles memory boom, 72 on architectural promenade, 133 memory of multitudes, 79

270 Index

Memory Wound, Utøya, 163, 175 Oldenburg, Claes, 52 irreplaceable loss, 164 Omarska, 103 public protest, 164 Mendelsohn, Erich, 51 Pallasmaa, Juhani, 106 Meštrović, Ivan, 51 Panofsky, Erwin, 176 Michalski, Sergiusz, 7, 20 on commercial art, 90 Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, 27 Pantheon, 25 Miralles, Enric, 134 Pérez-Gómez, Alberto mnemonic on theater of memory, 115 codes, 24, 141 pharmakon,75 construct, 108 Picasso, Pablo devices, 139 Guernica, 77, 87, 150 empathy, 81 Pingusson, Georges-Henri, 40, 112 memoryscapes, 75, 82 Pinós, Carme, 134 mimesis. See Warburg, Aby Plečnik, Jože, 140 neo-Platonic mnemonists, 81 politics of memory, 11, 83 new mnemonics, 89 colonial heritage, 86 power, 9 Flemish project, 230 reverse mnemonics, 82 grievability. See Omarska screen memories, 82 symbols for legitimization of past, 87 system, 67 victim-survivor concept, 104 Monument to the Unknown Political Prisoner Pope, John Russell, 25 competition, 37 Poppensieker, Roland, 106 Moore, Henry, 49 pop-up tomb. See Good Grief Morris, Robert, 55 post-WWI multidirectional memory, 79 Battle of the Somme memorial. See Thiepval Mumford, Lewis, 29, 37 Cenotaph in London, 22 Museum of Memory and Human Rights in German War Graves Commission, 26 Santiago, 127 Greatcoat monuments, 22 Musil, Robert, 4, 21 Imperial War Graves Commission, 23 memorials for the missing, 23 National Memorial for Peace and Justice, 128 Menin Gate in Ypres, 25 National Monument of the 1956 Hungarian order vs. chaos, 25 Revolution and War of Independence, Totenlandschaft,21 Budapest, 109 uniformity of memorials, 24 Nazism universal symbolism vs. explicit forms, 23 camps, 111, 235 post-WWII Cathedral of Light, Rally Ground in Buchenwald, 32 Nuremberg, 115 commemoration at Dachau, 33 crematoria chimneys, 117 commemoration of victims, 32 degenerate art, 27, 32 contemplative spaces, 48 Ehrentempel,29 notion of Mahnmal,34 Frederick Barbarossa, 27 Pantheon of the Heroes 1943 competition, memorials, 27–9 35 Nuremberg courtroom, 34 preservation of war ruins, 34, 42 Tannenberg Memorial, 29 South Muranów, 36 Totenburgen,29 Soviet War Memorial, Berlin, 35 transit camp, 179 West Germany, 35 Nelson, George, 52 Powell, Colin, 87 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 118 PROAP Nine points of Monumentality, 36 Remembrance Park, 224 Nora, Pierre, 83 Prost, Philippe, 206–7 Les Lieux de mémoire,72 prosthetic experiences, 90

Index 271

Ravnikar, Edvard, 45, 140 Santino, Jack Read, Herbert, 37 on performative commemoratives, 95 Remembrance Park Sarajevo, 2 35,000 unknown soldiers, 225 1955 urban plan, 48 A19 highway, 222 burning towers, 159 crater ‘Pool of Peace’, 222 Dayton Agreement, 91 great drama, 215 De/construction of Monuments, 227 interdisciplinary approach, 226 eternal King Albert monument, 223 ﬁre, 2 landscape preservation, 220 Historical Museum, 227 marking interventions, 221 ‘Momo & Uzeir’,1 masterplan, 216, 220 Museum of Young Bosnia, 48 minimalistic interventions, 221 Sarajevo Red Line,69 new forms of rituals and remembrance, 219 Sarajevo Roses, 90 reference to Lutyens, 217, 221 Siege of Sarajevo, 1, 91 reference to VVM, 222 Sassoon, Siegfried, 25 research-oriented approach, 225 Savage, Kirk, 6 scenography, 218 Scarpa, Carlo, 41 sky map with constellations, 217 searchlights, 116 subtle approach, 217 Selinger, Shelomo sustainable developments, 219 Monument at Drancy, 191 transitory sequences, 219 Senie, Harriet TV Park 14–18, 216 on spontaneous memorials, 101 visiting sequences, 219 sense of place, 143, 201 war relics, 218 sense of thrill, 133 war tourism, 225 sensory features, 102 Yser tower monument, 222 September 11 representation of perpetrators, 84 art exhibition, MoMA, 158 Riegl, Aloïs, 5 Serra, Richard, 63 Ring of Memory memorial, 235 Shift (1972), 56 ‘Ring of Memory’ memorial, 206–13, 241 Sert, José, 36 colour of earth, 212 Shalev-Gerz, Esther, 58 colour of war, 208 Sherman, Daniel, 80 EUMies Award, 209 Shigematsu, Shohei, 93 European Award for Urban Public Space, 207 Simon, Tyron horizontality, 209 An Occupation of Loss,93 La Grande Veilleuse, 210 Sironi, Mario, 30 notion of duality, 209 sites of mobilization, 90 path of initiation, 213 small-scale commemoration, 89 posthumous fraternity, 208 Smets, Bas, 172 a sense of thrill, 212 Smithson, Robert, 55 unobtrusive backdrop, 212 Solvgaard, Hans Georg, 140 Rodin, Auguste, 55 Sørensen, C.-Th., 140 Rossi, Aldo, 42, 135, 170, 202 South Africa, 124 contra natura, 136 memorials, 68 Monument to Sandro Pertini, Milan, 170 memory boxes, 124 Monument to the Resistance in Cuneo, 42 Red Location Museum of the People’s Russell, Bertrand, 77 Struggle, 124 Rwandan genocide, 125 Soviet memorial in Kaunas Rybachuk, Ada, 49 Recycled Memory project, 114 spaces of absence, 130 Safdie, Moshe, 62 spaces of crossing, 131 Salaspils memorial, Latvia, 127 spaces of representation, 108

272 Index

spaces of transition dark tourism, 68 entrance, 133 Westhoek region. See Belgium path, 134 transitional justice room, 136 sites of conscience, 111 staircase to heaven, 135 trauma transient forms, 134 abstract forms, 114 Spain bodily memory, 100 11-M terrorist attacks. See 11-M memorial collective, 71 Archive of Mourning, the, 149 dwelling on, 167 cybershrines (Espacios de Palabras), 150 event, 147 Forest of Remembrance, Madrid, 150 experience of, 14, 78, 82, 96, 234 Franco regime, 110 homecoming, 104 Grave of the Quarry, Barcelona, 110 interpretive grid, 103 war on terror, 151 lay-trauma theory, 102 Speer, Albert, 115 legacies of, 15 spontaneous mourning narrative void. See Omarska action-orientated, 97 of existance, 5 death of Princess Diana, 95 post-traumatic period, 173 democracy in action, 101 PTSD, 98 grassroots memorials, 95 recovery from, 76, 237 memorials, 97 representation of, 57, 89, 132, 178 Steilneset Memorial, Norway, 86 revoking of, 201 Stonehenge, 138 sites of, 111 Stumbling Stones (Stolpersteine),59 stressor, 98, 100, 165 sublimity, 130 theory, 99 Surowiec, Lukasz traumatic stress disorder, 67 Berlin-Birkenau (2012), 121 witnessing, 98 Szapocznikow, Alina, 50 working through, 118 Treib, Marc tame death, 92 on landscapes, 139 Tamms, Friedrich, 28 Troost, Paul Ludwig, 29 Tanner, Laura Tschumi, Bernard, 116 on materiality in the mourning process, 96 Tulach a’tSolais memorial, Ireland, 138 Târgu-Jiu, Romania, 224 Tarkhanyan, Arthur, 48 Ullman, Micha, 59 Terragni, Giuseppe, 31 Unheimlichkeit,64 on destruction of materiality, 31 United Nations, 87, 125 terrorist attack, 147–73 United States, 51, 54, 117, 178 11 March 2004, Madrid, 148 9/11 memorial, New York, 3, 15, 73, 104 11 September 2001, New York, 110, 158 Civil Rights Memorial (1989), Montgomery, 13 November 2015 Paris, 169 127 22 July 2011, Utøya and Oslo, 163 Committee for the Commemoration of Six 22 March 2016, Brussels, 172 Million Jews, 51 Thiepval, 24, 56, 235 Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial, 46, third memory boom, 73 52, 56 Tischler, Robert, 26 Holocaust Museum, Washington D.C., 117 Tolkin, Wictor Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust Monument at Majdanek, 42 (2010), 200 Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, 29, 67, 94, 104, Memorial for the Six Million Jewish 108, 234 Martyrs, 52 tourism National 9/11 Memorial and Museum, 161, at heritage sites, 214 174 at memorial sites, 240 Sandy Hook shootings, 168

Index 273

The Other Vietnam Memorial, 213 Winter, Jay, 12, 78, 89, 94, 108 Tribute in Light. See 9/11 memorial Wittgenstein, Ludwig Vietnam Veterans Memorial, 8, 54–7, 101, on context, 106 173, 212, 234 Wodiczko, Krzysztof Vietnam War, 54 Memorial Projections, 120 Vietnam War veterans, 55 Woods, Lebbeus, 1, 159 urbicide, 2 Wright, Frank Lloyd, 213 Uyttenhove, Pieter, 216 WWI Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, 22–3 Valente, Antonio, 30 Valle, Gino, 43 Young, James E., 4, 58, 167 Van Dijk, Terenja, 216 texture of memory, 13 Van Gennep, Arnold Yugoslavia, 44–9 The Rites of Passage, 123 collective remembrance, 44 Ventre, André, 78 Communist Party of, 45 disintegration of, 102 Walker, Peter, 159 Gesamtkunstwerk,45 Warburg, Aby Kozara memorial complex, 47 Mnemosyne Atlas,80 Monument to the Victims of Fascism, Waving Field of Pillars, 63 Jajinci, 49 Wechs, Thomas, 27 Museum October 21 in Kragujevac, 46 Weinmiller, Gesine Tjentište, 47 Eighteen Scattered Sandstone Walls, 63 Whiteread, Rachel, 59 Zanis Lipke Memorial, Riga, 78