Park Practice GUIDELINE Policy & Ping. 11/63 35-1 a NATIONAL
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Park Practice GUIDELINE Policy & Ping. 11/63 35-1 A NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR THE PRESERVATION OF HISTORIC SITES AND BUILDINGS by Herbert E. Kahler, Chief, Division of History and Archeology, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washing ton, D. C. The Congress in 1935 declared that it is a national policy to preserve for public use historic sites, buildings, and objects of national signifi cance for the inspiration and benefit of the people of the United States. To carry out such a policy it is first of all necessary to determine which sites, buildings, and objects are of national importance. To make this determination a Nationwide survey has been in progress, scheduled for completion in 1966. The field of American history has been divided into periods or themes, ranging in time from Early Man almost to the present. The study and identification of historic sites and buildings has been a cooperative process in which State and local agencies, and professional historians and architects have shared their knowledge with staff histor ians of the Service. These studies are evaluated by a Consulting Committee of eight persons eminent in the fields of history, architecture, and archeology. Their findings are submitted to the Advisory Board on National Park, Historic Sites, Buildings, and Monuments for recom mendations to the Secretary of the Interior. This double screening by the Consulting Committee and the Advisory Board is to assure that no important site or building is overlooked and that no substandard site is included in the Registry of National Historic Landmarks. From this list a historic site or building may be selected occasionally to fill gaps in the National Park System, following appropriate legislative action by the Congress. The following criteria are used by the Consulting Committee and the Advisory Board in judging the national historical significance of sites and buildings. 1. Structures or sites at which events occurred that have made an out standing contribution to, and are identified prominently with, or which best represent, the broad cultural, political, economic, military, or social history of the Nation, and from which the visitor may grasp the larger patterns of our American heritage. 2. Structures or sites associated importantly with the lives of outstand ing historic personages. 3. Structures or sites associated significantly with an important event that best represents some great idea or ideal of the American people. 4. Structures that embody the distinguishing characteristics of an archi tectural type specimen, exceptionally valuable for a study of a period style or method of construction; or a notable structure representing the work of a master builder, designer, or architect. Park Practice GUIDELINE Park Practice GUIDELINE Policy & Ping. 11/63 35-2 Policy & Ping. 11/63 35-3 5. Archeological sites that have produced information of major scientific John Muir House, Martinez importance by revealing new cultures, or by shedding light upon periods ALABAMA New Almaden, near San Jose of occupation over large areas of theUnitedStates. Such sites are those Confederate Capitol, Montgomery Frank Norris Cabin, near Gilroy which have produced, or which may reasonably be expected to produce, Fort Morgan, entrance to Mobile Bay Oak Grove Butterfield Stage Station, data affecting theories, concepts, and ideas to a major degree. Fort Toulouse, Wetumpka San Diego County 6. Every historic and archeological site and structure should have Old Custom House, Monterey integrity—that is, there should not be doubt as to whether it is the ALASKA Old Mission Dam (Padre Dam), San original site or structure, and in the case of a structure, that it repre American Flag Raising Site, Sitka sents original materials and workmanship. Intangible elements of feel Birnirk, Point Barrow Diego ing and association, although difficult to describe, may be factors in Chaluka, Umnak I. Pony Express Terminal (B. F. weighing the integrity of a site or structure. Erskine House, Kodiak Hastings Building), Sacramento The Presidio of San Francisco 7. Structures or sites which are primarily of significance in the field Fur Seal Rookeries, Pribilof Is. Royal Presidio Chapel, Monterey of religion or to religious bodies but are not of national importance in Gambell, St. Lawrence Is. San Diego Presidio other fields of the history of the United States, such as, political, Ipiutak, Point Hope San Francisco Old Mint military, or architectural history, will not be eligible for consideration. Iyatayet, Cape Denbigh Santa Barbara Mission 8. Birthplaces, graves, burials, and cemeteries, as a general rule, are Old Sitka Site, near Sitka Sonoma Plaza not eligible for consideration and recognition except in cases of histor Palugvik, Hawkins Island Sutter's Fort, Sacramento ical figures of transcendent importance. Historic sites associated with Russian Mission Orphanage, Sitka Walker Pass, Kern County the actual careers and contributions of outstanding historical personages St. Michael's Cathedral, Sitka Warner's Ranch, near Warner are more important than their birthplaces and burial places. Skagway and White Pass Wales, Seward Peninsula Springs 9. Structures or sites of recent historical importance, relating to events Yukon Island (Main Site), Cook Inlet or persons within 50 years, will not, as a rule, be eligible for consider COLORADO ation. ARIZONA Bent's Old Fort, near La Junta Fort Bowie and Apache Pass, near Central City Once a site or building has been considered of national historical Cripple Creek significance, it is eligible to be enrolled in the Registry of National Bowie Historic Landmarks. Double Adobe, near Douglas Durango-Silverton Narrow Gauge Hohokam-Pima IrrigationSites, Salt Line To focus attention on the importance of preserving this part of our Leadville heritage, the Secretary of the Interior issues a certificate and a bronze and Gila River Valleys Lindenmeier Site, near Ft. Collins plaque to the owner or administrator, if he desires them. This is also Hubbell Trading Post, Ganado Pike's Peak, near Colorado Springs a means of encouraging the administrator or owner to protect his historic Roosevelt Dam, Gila County Pike's Stockade, Conejos County place and the community to respect its integrity. Historic site preserva San Xavier del Bac, near Tucson Silverton tion under this program is, therefore, a work in which the Federal Tombstone Telluride Government, State agencies, communities, private organizations, and Ventana Cave, Papago Reservation individuals all share. Although the program is a purely voluntary one giving the Federal Government no legal control over the National Land ARKANSAS CONNECTICUT mark or its environs, the few test cases that have been made so far Arkansas Post State Park and His Old State House, Hartford indicate that the National Landmark program acts powerfully to mar shall toric Environs, near Gillett Stanley-Whitman House, Farming- widespread public support and other preservation forces whenever a Fort Smith, in City of Ft. Smith ton Landmark or its integrity is threatened. The long range benefit of the Mark Twain Home (Mem.) Hartford program to the American people is the preservation of the American CALIFORNIA Webb House, Wethersfield cultural heritage in nationally important historic sites and buildings "The Abbey," Joaquin Miller Home, Noah Webster Birthplace, West should therefore be considerable. Oakland Hartford Bancroft Ranee House, Spring As of June 1, 1963, 404 sites and buildings have been judged to be of Valley, San Diego County DELAWARE national significance. Some are government-owned and administered Big Four House, Sacramento John Dickinson Mansion, near Dover by agencies other than the National Park Service, some are owned by Bodie, near Mono Lake Fort Christina, Wilmington semi-public bodies, and some are privately owned. As remaining studies Carmel Mission, Carmel Holy Trinity (Old Swedes) Church, are completed, other sites will be added. Coloma, near Placerville Wilmington Those judged to be of national historical significance and hence Columbia, near Stockton eligible to be Registered National Historic Landmarks are listed below: Donner Camp, Donner Pass FLORIDA Fort Ross, near Santa Rosa Fort San Carlos de Barrancas, Lake Merritt Wild Duck Refuge, Pensacola Oakland Okeechobee Battlefield, near Okee Larkin House, Monterey chobee Jack London's Ranch, Glen Ellen Park Practice GUIDELINE Park Practice GUIDELINE Policy & Ping. 11/63 35-4 Policy & Ping. 11/63 35-5 FLORIDA (continued) Old State Capitol (Sangamon County Harriet Beecher Stowe House, Parson Capen House, Topsfield Pelican Island Nat. Wildlife Refuge Court House), Springfield Brunswick William H. Prescott House, Boston near Vero Beach Starved Rock, near Ottawa Wadsworth-Longfellow House, Port Paul Revere House, Boston Plaza Ferdinand VII, Pensacola land Isaac Royall House, Medford San Luis de Apalache, near Talla INDIANA Scotch-Boardman House, Saugus hassee Joseph Bailly Homestead, near MARYLAND Shirley-Eustis House, Roxbury Chesterton Baltimore & Ohio Transportation Springfield Armory, Springfield GEORGIA "Grouseland," William Henry Museum, Baltimore U.S.F. Constitution, Boston Joel Chandler Harris House, Atlanta Harrison Home, Vincennes Hammand-Harwood House, Anna Walden Pond, Concord Stallings Island, near Augusta Nancy Hanks Lincoln State Memor polis The Wayside, Alcott-Hawthorne ial, Spencer County Maryland State House, Annapolis Home, Concord HAWAII James Whitcomb Riley House, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis