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RAPPORT DE MISSION Éditions Poly-Monde limitées École Polytechnique de Montréal Département de génie industriel et de mathématiques C.P. 6079, succ. Centre-ville Montréal (Québec), Canada, H3C 3A7 Tél: 514.340.4735 Fax: 514.340.4173 [email protected] www.polychine.org Conception graphique, typographie et montage: Sebastian Bulzak Couverture: Vincent Goineau Photographies: Sebastian Bulzak, Adam Korzekwa et Jean-Philippe Leboeuf Révision linguistique: Adam Korzekwa, Jean-Michel Laplante, Laura Lebel, Jean-Philippe Leboeuf, Loïc Reny, Jean-François Richard et Sebastian Bulzak Rédaction des textes: Le groupe Poly-Chine 2005 IMPRIMÉ AU CANADA RAPPORT DE LA MISSION INDUSTRIELLE EN CHINE POLY-CHINE 2005 poly-chine 2005 Table des matières Commanditaires .......................................................................................................10 Participants ..................................................................................................................12 Étudiants ........................................................................................................................12 Accompagnateurs .......................................................................................................13 Première Partie À propos de Poly-Monde et de Poly-Chine ......................................17 Présentation de la Chine ...................................................................................18 La transition au capitalisme ....................................................................................18 Un marathon de changements ................................................................................18 Deux mondes en Chine ..............................................................................................19 La nouvelle génération ..............................................................................................20 La complexité chinoise ..............................................................................................20 Itinéraire .........................................................................................................................22 Beijing .............................................................................................................................23 Xi’an, Shaanxi .............................................................................................................24 Wuhan, Hubei .............................................................................................................25 Nanjing, Jiangsu .........................................................................................................26 Shanghai .........................................................................................................................27 Le management de la transition en Chine ........................................28 Les grands projets chinois ..............................................................................30 Le barrage des Trois Gorges sur le Yangtze ......................................................30 Le programme spatial chinois ................................................................................32 Autres grands projets chinois .................................................................................33 Investissement Direct Étranger et marché chinois ...................34 Bref historique politique ...........................................................................................34 D’un climat économique instable à une situation plus prospère pour les investisseurs étrangers ..............................................................................................35 5 rapport de mission Impacts des IDE sur la Chine .................................................................................36 L’accession à l’OMC modifie le contexte ............................................................37 Perspectives d’avenir .................................................................................................37 La compétitivité chinoise ..................................................................................38 Institutions .....................................................................................................................38 Infrastructures physiques ........................................................................................39 Système d’innovation .................................................................................................39 Qualité du Gouvernement .......................................................................................40 Capital humain et social ..........................................................................................40 Différences et Inégalités ....................................................................................41 Différences entre les régions ....................................................................................41 Les régions de l’Est ....................................................................................................42 Les régions de l’Ouest ...............................................................................................43 Différences sociales dans les régions ....................................................................43 Conséquences possibles .............................................................................................44 Deuxième Partie Biotechnologies et pharmaceutique ........................................................47 Secteur des tests et diagnostics ...............................................................................47 Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM) ............................................48 Mirador DNA Design (Montréal) .............................................................................48 CapitalBio Corporation (Beijing) .............................................................................48 Adaltis (Shanghai) ......................................................................................................49 Secteur industriel des diagnostics .........................................................................50 Comparaison entre la Chine et le Canada ...............................................................50 Secteur pharmaceutique ...........................................................................................51 Galderma (Montréal) .................................................................................................51 Tong Ren Tang (Beijing) ............................................................................................51 Libang Pharmaceuticals (Xi’an) ...............................................................................52 Jiaotong University Pharmaceuticals Group (Xi’an) .............................................52 Jinling Corporation Limited (Nanjing) ...................................................................52 Secteur pharmaceutique et modèles d’affaires dominants ....................................52 Analyse et comparaison entre la Chine et le Québec ..............................................53 Informations aux entreprises songeant à un partenariat en Chine .......................56 Secteur de la pétrochimie .........................................................................................58 6 poly-chine 2005 Sinopec Corporation (Nanjing) ................................................................................58 Sinopec Jingling Company (Nanjing) ......................................................................58 Sinopec Yizheng Chemical Fiber (Nanjing) .............................................................59 Technologies de l’information et des télécommunications .61 Systèmes d’information et logiciels ......................................................................61 Description du secteur ...............................................................................................61 Compétences et avantages .........................................................................................62 Prospective ..................................................................................................................63 Télécommunications ..................................................................................................63 Description du secteur ...............................................................................................63 Compétences et avantages .........................................................................................65 Perspectives d’avenir ................................................................................................66 Électronique ..................................................................................................................67 Panda Electronics Group (Nanjing) .........................................................................67 Nanjing Sharp Electronics ........................................................................................68 Compétences et avantages .........................................................................................69 Perspectives d’avenir .................................................................................................70 Transport ........................................................................................................................71 Industrie de l’aéronautique et de l’aérospatiale ..............................................71
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