DOCSLIB.ORG

Identifying Whales in the Archaeological Record

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Identifying Whales in the Archaeological Record CALL FOR AWARD NOMINATIONS the archaeological record SAA September 2018 • Volume 18 • Number 4 Sea Change? New Directions in Marine Mammal Research S O C I E T Y F O R A M E R I C A N A R C H A E O L O G Y TheThe All-InclusiveAll-Inclusive 1414CC DatingDating ServiceService forfor BonesBones Now included FREE with 14C Dating on bone collagen C:N, %C, %N, δ15N, δ13C (IRMS) Radiocarbon Dating Consistent Accuracy, Delivered on Time the SAAarchaeological record The Magazine of the Society for American Archaeology Volume 18, No. 4 September 2018 Editor’s Corner 2 Anna Marie Prentiss From the President 3 Susan M. Chandler, RPA Welcome Oona Schmid—New Executive Director 4 of the Society for American Archaeology Volunteer Profile 5 Paul E. Minnis The 2019 SAAs—Cultural Diversity 6 Matthew F. Schmader in the Land of Enchantment SPECIAL SECTION: SEA CHANGE? NEW DIRECTIONS IN MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH Sea Change? New Directions in Marine Mammal Research 9 Camilla F. Speller Whale Hunting in the Strait of 15 Darío Bernal-Casasola Gibraltar during the Roman Period? Ecology, Archaeology, and Historical 23 Frances C. Robertson and Andrew W. Trites Accounts Demonstrate the Whaling Practices of the Quileute Tribe in Washington State Finding Moby: Identifying Whales 31 S. Evans and J. Mulville in the Archaeological Record Ancient Pinnipeds: What Paleogenetics Can Tell Us 38 Xénia Keighley, Maiken Hemme Bro-Jørgensen, about Past Human-Marine Mammal Interactions Peter Jordan, and Morten Tange Olsen Cumulative Human Impacts on Pinnipeds Over 47 Jonathan W. Nye, Atilio Francisco J. Zangrando, the Last 7,500 Years in Southern South America María Paz Martinoli, Martín M. Vázquez, and Marilyn L. Fogel Call for Editor, Latin American Antiquity 53 Call for Award Nominations 55 News & Notes 58 Calendar 58 News from the Register of Professional Archaeologists 59 Kay Simpson On the cover: Marine mammals range in size from more than 30 meters to less than 1 meter, and encompass a large range of morphotypes, which complicates taxonomic identifications using anatomical methods. Figure created by Camilla Speller. the SAAarchaeological record The Magazine of the Society for American Archaeology Volume 18, No. 4 September 2018 EDITOR’S CORNER Anna Marie Prentiss The SAA Archaeological Record (ISSN 1532-7299) is published five Anna Marie Prentiss is a professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Montana. times a year and is edited by Anna Marie Prentiss. Submissions should be sent to Anna Marie Prentiss, [email protected], Department of Anthropology, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812. e have a long-standing relationship with sea mammals spanning their use Deadlines for submissions are: as prey items to appreciation of them as living beings central to conserva- December 1 (January), February 1 W tion of marine ecosystems. Yet, finding and interpreting evidence for these (March), April 1 (May), August 1 animals in the archaeological record has remained a significant challenge. Sea mam- (September), and October 1 mal remains in the form of bones, especially from larger whales, are not always pres- (November). Advertising and ent in the record despite significant use in some regions. Then, even when present, placement ads should be sent to [email protected]. they are often fragmentary and difficult to classify. Fortunately, advances in archaeo- logical science are opening up many new and exciting possibilities for improving our understanding of human and sea mammal relationships throughout the globe. Guest The SAA Archaeological Record is provided free to members. SAA Editor Camilla Speller has assembled a collection of articles introducing advanced publishes The SAA Archaeological research into sea mammals that draws upon traditional data sources (e.g., faunal Record as a service to its members remains, oral traditions, and historical records) as well as a range of microarchaeo- and constituencies. SAA, its editors, logical approaches. The latter represent tools that will be increasingly useful in many and staff are not responsible for the archaeological contexts. content, opinions, and information contained in The SAA Archaeological Record. SAA, its editors, and staff Bernal-Casasola presents the archaeological record of Roman-era whaling from the disclaim all warranties with regard Mediterranean and Atlantic Coasts of Europe, relying primarily upon faunal remains. to such content, opinions, and To discuss the whaling tradition of the Quileute Tribe from Washington State, Rob- information published in The ertson and Trites focus on oral history, whale ecology, and the archaeological record of SAA Archaeological Record by any this portion of the Northwest Coast region. Evans and Mulville introduce the Finding individual or organization; this disclaimer includes all implied Moby project with its focus on identifying cetacean bone using morphometric stud- warranties of merchantability and ies supported by ZooMS (Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry) analysis. Keighley fitness. In no event shall SAA, its and colleagues review paleogenetics approaches to finding ancient pinnipeds in the editors, and staff be liable for any archaeological record, looking in particular at the pre-Dorset, Dorset (Paleo-Inuit), special, indirect, or consequential and Thule (ancestral Inuit) cultures of the North American Arctic. Finally, Nye and damages, or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss colleagues explore the historical ecology of pinniped exploitation at the southern tip of use, data, or profits arising out of South America, emphasizing the effective use of isotopic data combined with tra- of or in connection with the use ditional archaeological analyses and examination of historical records. or performance of any content, opinions, or information included The September issue also includes various news items. First, we welcome our new The SAA Archaeological Record in . SAA Executive Director, Oona Schmid! Next, we include our column from SAA Pres- ident Susan Chandler and our Volunteer Profile, this time from Paul Minnis. Matt Copyright ©2018 by the Society for Schmader provides our first glimpse of Albuquerque, site of the 84th Annual Meeting American Archaeology. scheduled for April 2019. Towards the back of the issue, readers will recognize the an- nual call for award nominations, along with an announcement for the new Bioarchae- ology Interest Group and an update from the Register of Professional Archaeologists. 2 The SAA Archaeological Record • September 2018 FROM THE PRESIDENT FROM THE PRESIDENT Susan M. Chandler, RPA am pleased to welcome Oona Schmid as SAA’s tive and has appointed Lynne Goldstein, Chair new Executive Director. The Search Commit- of SAA’s Publications Committee, to represent I tee (Barbara Arroyo, Jeff Altschul, Deborah SAA on the advisory board. Nichols, Scott Simmons, Joe Watkins, and I) con- • Following on the successful joint workshop with sidered 10 qualified applicants brought to us by the World Bank that SAA hosted at our Annual the search firm Vetted Solutions and ultimately Meeting this past April, SAA is now planning a interviewed 6 candidates. Ms. Schmid was the series of online seminars on practical applications Search Committee’s unanimous choice. We were in archaeology, cultural heritage management, impressed with her excellent leadership skills and and indigenous communities and heritage to proven track record of collaboration and creative help train World Bank project oversight person- problem solving as well as her deep understand- nel. SAA members with international expertise in ing of the relevance of archaeology and the role of these issues will develop and present these sem- SAA in spreading that message. The SAA Board inars, which will support the World Bank’s new and I look forward to working with her. Environmental and Social Framework. SAA has been busy on a number of fronts over the summer. Here • SAA welcomed the Alaska Anthropological Association as the are a few of the matters that staff, committees, and the SAA Board newest member of SAA’s Council of Affiliated Societies. have been addressing: • SAA became one of the endorsing organizations for the Climate Heritage Mobilization and the Global Climate Action Summit. • The 84th Annual Meeting be held from April 10–14, 2019 in Al- buquerque, New Mexico. We look forward to seeing you there! • The SAA’s Statement on Collaboration with Responsible and Re- Please mark your calendar and visit www.saa.org/AnnualMeeting sponsive Stewards of the Past is now posted on SAAWeb: http:// for more information. saa.org/AbouttheSociety/EducationandOutreach/tabid/128/ Default.aspx With preparations for the 84th Annual Meeting well underway, the SAA staff and Board are already planning ahead to the 85th • SAA’s Government Affairs program continues to work closely Annual Meeting in Austin in April 2020. We are pleased to with the Coalition for American Heritage to monitor proposed announce the appointment of Brad Jones as the local advisory legislation and to provide comments on proposed regulatory chair and Matt Bandy as the 2020 program chair. Looking even changes. Tobi Brimsek, David Lindsay, Joe Watkins, and I spent farther down the road, we are excited to announce the selection a day on Capitol Hill in July, talking to Congressional staff about of Portland, Oregon, as the site of the 88th Annual Meeting in the importance of cultural resource legislation and funding for 2023. We will be returning to Washington, DC, for the 89th historic preservation initiatives. I encourage you to subscribe Annual Meeting in 2024. to SAA’s monthly Government Affairs Update to stay informed on the issues that SAA is following. Members can sign up to • The SAAWeb Task Force has continued to work with SAA staff receive this newsletter by sending an e-mail to gov_affairs@ and the website developer through the summer months. Much saa.org. Archived Updates are available by logging onto the of the development work is now complete, but it will take sev- Member Center on SAAWeb. It is important that your voices eral more months to migrate the data to the new platform.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Identifying Potential Juvenile Steelhead Predators in the Marine Waters of the Salish Sea
    Early Marine Survival Project Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife Identifying Potential Juvenile Steelhead Predators In the Marine Waters of the Salish Sea Scott F. Pearson, Steven J. Jeffries, and Monique M. Lance Wildlife Science Division Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia Austen Thomas Zoology Department University of British Columbia Robin Brown Early Marine Survival Project Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife Cover photo: Robin Brown, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Seals, sea lions, gulls and cormorants on the tip of the South Jetty at the mouth of the Columbia River. We selected this photograph to emphasize that bird and mammal fish predators can be found together in space and time and often forage on the same resources. Suggested citation: Pearson, S.F., S.J. Jeffries, M.M. Lance and A.C. Thomas. 2015. Identifying potential juvenile steelhead predators in the marine waters of the Salish Sea. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Wildlife Science Division, Olympia. Identifying potential steelhead predators 1 INTRODUCTION Puget Sound wild steelhead were listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 2007 and their populations are now less than 10% of their historic size (Federal Register Notice: 72 FR 26722). A significant decline in abundance has occurred since the mid-1980s (Federal Register Notice: 72 FR 26722), and data suggest that juvenile steelhead mortality occurring in the Salish Sea (waters of Puget Sound, the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the San Juan Islands as well as the water surrounding British Columbia’s Gulf Islands and the Strait of Georgia) marine environment constitutes a major, if not the predominant, factor in that decline (Melnychuk et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Living Planet Report Canada a National Look at Wildlife Loss
    REPORT CAN 2017 LIVING PLANET REPORT CANADA A national look at wildlife loss i WWF-Living Planet Report Canada LPRC FINAL.indd 1 2017-09-01 11:11 AM Key contributors for data and analysis: Zoological Society of London: Louise McRae, Valentina Marconi Environment and Climate Change Canada: Fawziah (ZuZu) Gadallah Special thanks for review and support to: Bruce Bennett (Yukon Conservation Data Centre), Amie Enns (NatureServe Canada), Brock Fenton (Western University), Fawziah (ZuZu) Gadallah (Environment and Climate Change Canada), Alemu Gonsamo (University of Toronto), David Lee (Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada), Marty Leonard (Dalhousie University), Nicholas Mandrak (Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada), Valentina Marconi (Zoological Society of London), Jon McCracken (Bird Studies Canada), Louise McRae (Zoological Society of London), Wendy Monk (University of New Brunswick), Eric B. (Rick) Taylor (Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada), Doug Swain (Fisheries and Oceans Canada). WWF-Canada 4th Floor, 410 Adelaide Street West Toronto, Ontario M5V 1S8 © 1986 Panda symbol WWF-World Wide Fund For Nature (also known as World Wildlife Fund). ® “WWF” is a WWF Registered Trademark. WWF-Canada is a federally registered charity (No. 11930 4954 RR0001), and an official national organization of World Wide Fund For Nature, headquartered in Gland, Switzerland. WWF is known as World Wildlife Fund in Canada and the U.S. Published (October 2017) by WWF-Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must mention the title and credit the above-mentioned publisher as the copyright owner. © text (2017) WWF-Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • West Coast Region Acidification Research D
    5. West Coast Region Acidification Research D. Shallin Busch¹,², Simone Alin³, Richard A. Feely³, Abstract Paul McElhany², Melissa Poe4, Brendan Carter5,³, Jerry Leonard6, Danielle Lipski7, Jan Roletto8, Carol The West Coast Region includes the U.S. coastal Stepien³, Jenny Waddell9 waters off of Washington, Oregon, and California in- cluding the continental shelf and inland seas. These 1NOAA/OAR, Ocean Acidification Program, Silver Spring, MD waters are influenced by adjacent regions and are ²NOAA/NMFS, Conservation Biology Division, Northwest collectively referred to as the California Current Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME). This region is ³NOAA/OAR, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, an eastern boundary current system marked by sea- WA sonal upwelling, which brings old, cold, and low-pH, 4NOAA/OAR/NMFS, Washington Sea Grant, University of carbon-rich subsurface waters to the ocean surface Washington, and Liaison to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA and drives significant regional pH and temperature 5NOAA/OAR, Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and variability. The CCLME is home to a highly produc- Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, WA tive ecosystem yielding economically and culturally 6NOAA/NMFS, Fisheries Resource Analysis and Monitoring significant fisheries including salmon and Dunge- Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA ness crab. NOAA’s West Coast Region research 7NOAA/NOS, Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary, Point
    [Show full text]
  • Nadia CV 09:17:19
    Nadia C. Neff, PhD Student Department of Anthropology [email protected] University of New Mexico (970) 488 – 9932 Anthropology Annex B06E Albuquerque, New Mexico EDUCATION AND TRAINING University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM PhD Student 2019 – present Department of Anthropology Archaeology Subfield Fort Lewis College Durango, CO Visiting Instructor of Anthropology 2017 – 2019 Department of Anthropology University of York York, United Kingdom Master of Science, Bioarchaeology 2014 – 2016 Department of Archaeology Graduated with Merit Fort Lewis College Durango, CO Bachelor of Art, Anthropology 2009 – 2013 Department of Anthropology Graduated with Honors RESEARCH EXPERIENCE PhD Student 2019 - present University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM Advisors: Dr. Osbjorn Pearson, Dr Keith Prufer Rodents! Using stable isotopes to model dietary and environmental change from the Paleoindian period to the Mayan Collapse in modern Belize. – Currently studying the utility of using stable isotopes in rodent remains as a proxy for studying human dietary and environmental activity. Masters Student 2014 – 2016 University of York, York, United Kingdom Advisor: Dr. Matthew Collins Identifying potential sites of conflict through the analysis of possible human bone fragments via ZooMS (Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry). – Studied the applications of using ZooMS for the identification of human bone fragments in archaeological and forensic contexts. Nadia C. Neff | [email protected] | (970) 488 – 9932 1 – Combined traditional field survey and documentation methods with biomolecular protein analysis to create human bone scatter maps to identify possible sites of conflict. – Research based on a case study involving the Battle of Towton (1461) site. Collagen extraction method testing in highly degraded bone fragments – Tested collagen extraction methods (HCl demineralization versus AmBiC surface washing) on highly degraded bone fragments found in surface and top soil finds.
    [Show full text]
  • Update on the Establishment of K4C Hubs Knowledge4change Consortium on Training for Community Based Participatory Research
    Update on the establishment of K4C hubs knowledge4change consortium on training for Community Based Participatory Research Since the launch of the Knowledge for Change Consortium for Training in CBR in June 2017, project co-chairs and their teams have established agreements to create 13 K4C training centres around the world. By linking higher education with the pillars that forge a civil society while including local knowledge makers, these hubs provide learning opportunities for a new generation of activist- scholars to learn about community based research through involvement in projects at the community level that bring about meaningful, positive change. 1. Bogota, Colombia – The Bogota hub is a partnership between the Universidad de los Andes and the Uma Kiwe Centre for Participatory Action Research. The focus of their work is on contributing to the Peace process in their country. Four of their ‘mentors’ will be part of the Mentor Training Programme taught on line and face to face by Budd Hall and Rajesh Tandon. the U de los Andes has agreed to host the next residency for Cohort 4 mentors in early November of 2019 2. Victoria, BC, Canada - The Salish Sea K4C Hub is a partnership between the University of Victoria, the Victoria Native Friendship Centre and the Victoria Foundation. Led by Dr. Crystal Tremblay UVic Advisor on Engaged Scholarship, the Salish Sea Hub emphasizes Indigenous research methods in their work with young people in university and the community. 3. Jaipur, India – The Architecture and Design School in Manipal University works with community partners to provide CBR learning by doing with a focus on urban planning and engagement.
    [Show full text]
  • The Salish Sea the Salish Sea Was Formed About 20,000 Years Ago During the Last Ice Age by the Carving Action of Glaciers
    Part I: Salish Sea Introduction Review: The Salish Sea The Salish Sea was formed about 20,000 years ago during the last ice age by the carving action of glaciers. There are 3 major parts of the Salish Sea which are, 1. The Georgia Strait (to the north), 2. The Strait of Juan de Fuca (to the west), and 3. Puget Sound (to the south). During the retreat and advance of these glaciers a series of shallow sills (underwater valleys and ridges) were created, which circulate water from the deep areas of the Salish Sea to the surface. The Salish Sea is an estuary, where salt water from the ocean mixes with fresh water that falls as precipitation or drains from the surrounding land. More than 10,000 streams and rivers drain into the Salish Sea. Made up of a series of underwater valleys and ridges, the Salish Sea is deep, with some areas in the Georgia Strait over 2000ft deep, while Puget Sound has an average depth of 450ft with a maximum depth of 930ft. In most Marine ecosystems, nutrients—in the form of dead, decomposing matter and fecal matter—sink. However, in the Salish Sea, the upwelling (vertical mixing of water) created by the sills circulates nutrients all around. When these nutrients are combined with deep, cold, oxygen rich water, it is a unique and ideal environment for phytoplankton (free-floating photosynthetic plants)—which are the base of an incredibly productive ecosystem and food web. Vocabulary: Use this space to list and define new vocabulary from the introduction Estuarine Food Web: The Salish Sea supports a very unique and delicate food web.
    [Show full text]
  • Where We Found a Whale"
    ______ __.,,,,---­ ....... l-:~-- ~ ·--~-- - "Where We Found a Whale" A -~lSTORY OF LAKE CLARK NATlONAL PARK AND PRESERVE Brian Fagan “Where We Found a Whale” A HISTORY OF LAKE CLARK NATIONAL PARK AND PRESERVE Brian Fagan s the nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has resposibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural and cultural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use of our land and water resources, protect- ing our fish and wildlife, preserving the environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places, and providing for enjoyment of life Athrough outdoor recreation. The Cultural Resource Programs of the National Park Service have respon- sibilities that include stewardship of historic buildings, museum collections, archaeological sites, cultural landscapes, oral and written histories, and ethno- graphic resources. Our mission is to identify, evaluate, and preserve the cultural resources of the park areas and to bring an understanding of these resources to the public. Congress has mandated that we preserve these resources because they are important components of our national and personal identity. Published by the United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Lake Clark National Park and Preserve ISBN 978-0-9796432-4-8 NPS Research/Resources Management Report NPR/AP/CRR/2008-69 For Jeanne Schaaf with Grateful Thanks “Then she said: “Now look where you come from—the sunrise side.” He turned and saw that they were at a land above the human land, which was below them to the east. And all kinds of people were coming up from the lower country, and they didn’t have any clothes on.
    [Show full text]
  • Combined Osteomorphological, Isotopic, Adna, and Zooms Analyses of Sheep and Goat Remains from Neolithic Ulucak, Turkey DOI: 10.1007/S12520-018-0624-8
    The University of Manchester Research Combined osteomorphological, isotopic, aDNA, and ZooMS analyses of sheep and goat remains from Neolithic Ulucak, Turkey DOI: 10.1007/s12520-018-0624-8 Document Version Accepted author manuscript Link to publication record in Manchester Research Explorer Citation for published version (APA): Pilaar Birch, S. E., Scheu, A., Buckley, M., & Çakrlar, C. (2018). Combined osteomorphological, isotopic, aDNA, and ZooMS analyses of sheep and goat remains from Neolithic Ulucak, Turkey. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-018-0624-8 Published in: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on Manchester Research Explorer is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Proof version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Explorer are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Takedown policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please refer to the University of Manchester’s Takedown Procedures [http://man.ac.uk/04Y6Bo] or contact [email protected] providing relevant details, so we can investigate your claim. Download date:23. Sep. 2021 Combined
    [Show full text]
  • Inside This Issue
    the Bullfrom johnny cake hill | etinspring 2020 Inside this issue: High School Apprenticeship Program’s 10th Anniversary | Upcoming Exhibition on Albert Pinkham Ryder Lighting the Way Celebrates the Centennial of the Ratification of the 19th Amendment HelmFROM THE A Tribute to Llewellyn Howland, III Members and Friends: By Lloyd Macdonald You will likely be reading this Bulletin while we are still in the midst of the coronavirus public health emergency and it is my greatest hope that this edition finds you safe and healthy. With that in mind, there Llewelyn Howland, III (“Louie” to all who knew him), a four-term Trustee of the Museum, former Chair of the may be dates published in these pages that may shift as a result of the situation. While I certainly hope that Scholarship and Publications Committee, long-serving member of the Collections Committee and member during this crisis comes to a speedy conclusion, I am more mindful now than ever of the value of togetherness. his tenure on the Executive and Governance Committees, died on June 21, 2019. He was 81. As a Museum, we are a place of gathering on many levels. We collect and steward the objects, literature, and stories of our region’s history. We protect and share some of the most vital data and research in the Louie’s and my service on the Board coin- to Louie himself. He also co-edited the world of marine mammal bioacoustics. We unearth hidden stories of some of the most impactful women cided almost exactly. Early in our tenure, Museum’s 2007 publication of On the to have walked our streets.
    [Show full text]
  • From Alaska to Greenland: a Comparison of the Arctic Small Tool
    microblades, burins and burin spalls, and projectile points and scrapers that resemble those From Alaska to Greenland: A recovered from settlements around Lake Baikal Comparison of the Arctic Small Tool and elsewhere in eastern Siberia (McGhee 1996; Nash 1969). Charcoal found in Feature 17 at the and Thule Traditions Kuzitrin Lake Denbigh site in Alaska has produced radiocarbon dates ranging from 5500 to 4000 B.P.(Harritt 1998:63-69). Harritt (1998) states that the earliest known Denbigh material could possibly signify the appearance of the In this paper, I will discuss the Denbigh culture from Siberia in western Alaska. distinguishing cultural characteristics of the Within this west to east migration Arctic Small Tool tradition (ASTt) and Thule model, two major ASTt variants have been tradition, and hypothesize about the implications identified in the High Arctic: Independence I and that these characteristics have on the Pre-Dorset. Charcoal from Independence I sites understanding of the ASTt and Thule ways of have provided a radiocarbon date range from life. The ASTt and Thule migrations occurred about 4000 to 3700 B.P. These sites are located approximately 3000 years apart from each other. in Greenland, and on the High Arctic of Canada They represent in the archaeological record two at Devon, Cornwallis, and Ellesmere Islands. rapid, widespread migrations across the Arctic Independence I sites also likely occur in the Low from the western coasts of Alaska to those of Arctic, however they are hard to recognize due to eastern Greenland. The material culture left the small size of camps and the amount of tundra behind by these peoples clearly indicates two vegetation that may be covering them (McGhee very different lifestyles and adaptations to the 1978:30).
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeology of Ancient Israelite Religion(S): an Introduction
    religions Editorial Archaeology of Ancient Israelite Religion(s): An Introduction Avraham Faust Department of General History, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; [email protected] Received: 28 May 2020; Accepted: 4 June 2020; Published: 15 June 2020 Keywords: archaeology; Israelite religion; Bible; biblical archaeology; Near Eastern archaeology; archaeology and religion; temples; cult Israelite religion has always fascinated scholars. Hundreds of books and thousands of articles have attempted to shed light on its various aspects. Initial studies used the Bible as their main source of information and attempted to read it critically in order to learn about the religion of ancient Israel. With the advent of modern research in the Near East, mainly in Mesopotamia, more and more information on other Ancient Near Eastern religions was accumulated. The new data were initially used to illuminate Israelite religious practices as described in the Bible, but gradually led to the questioning of some of the accepted truisms that were based on the biblical narrative. Subsequently, new information was collected mainly through archaeological excavations, and archaeology, mainly in the land of Israel, had gradually become a major player in the study of ancient Israelite religion(s) and religious practices.1 The accumulating material evidence opened new research vistas and changed the scholarly discourse. The biblical framework for the study of ancient Israelite religion was gradually deserted by many, not only giving rise to much more critical approaches but also resulting in the abandonment of the view that one can speak of an Israelite religion in the singular, and many today prefer to speak about Israelite religions.2 Another important development was a broadening of the perspective, and the growing importance given to the local social context in which religious was practiced.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Identification Using Zooms, with Reference to the Exploitation Of
    DANISH JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY 2018, VOL. 7, NO. 2, 139–153 https://doi.org/10.1080/21662282.2018.1468154 RESEARCH ARTICLE Species identification using ZooMS, with reference to the exploitation of animal resources in the medieval town of Odense Luise Ørsted Brandta, Kirstine Haasea,b and Matthew J. Collins c,d aCentre for Urban Network Evolutions, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; bDepartment of Cultural Heritage, Odense City Museums, Odense, Denmark; cEvoGenomics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; dBioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY ZooMS (Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry) is increasingly being used as a method for Received 30 January 2018 species identification of archaeological and historical remains. The method identifies species Accepted 19 April 2018 – from the peptide mass fingerprint of extracted collagen the principal protein of bone, ivory, KEYWORDS dentine, leather, and parchment. ZooMS has the advantages that it is a fast and simple method, ZooMS; species that requires only small sample sizes or even non-destructive sampling. The taxonomic resolution identification; collagen; of the method varies, but ZooMS is diagnostic for most domesticated animals and for the middle age; animal relatively depauperate Scandinavian fauna, although some groups (seals, martens) cannot be resources; long distance resolved, and it cannot discriminate some domesticates (dog, cattle) from their wild counterparts. trade; zooarchaeology; In this article, we overview the method and demonstrate the value of ZooMS and illustrate our archaeology points via a case study of 20 samples from 12th to 14th century layers in the Danish medieval town of Odense. Four artefacts were tested by a non-destructive eraser technique because of their uniqueness, but only one could be identified.
    [Show full text]