REPUBLIC REPUBLIIEK OF VAN SOUTH AFRICA SUID-AFRIKA

PROVINCE OF THE EASTERN CAPE IPHONDO LEMPUMA KOLONI PROVINSIE OOS-KAAP

Provincial Gazette Igazethi Yephondo Provinsiale Koerant

BISHO/ No. 3150 Vol. 21 3126 MARCH 2014 KING WILLIAM’S TOWN, (Extraordinary)

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CONTENTS • INHOUD Page Gazette No. No. No.

GENERAL NOTICE

83 National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act (24/2008): Eastern Cape Coastal Management Programme ...... 3 3150

This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za PROVINCIAL GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, 26 MARCH 2014 No. 3150 3

GENERAL NOTICE

No. 83

EASTERN CAPE COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME

I, Mcebisi Jonas, Member of Executive Council (MEC) for Department of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism, hereby publish the Eastern Cape Coastal Management Program in terms of section 46 (1) of the National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act, 2008 (Act No. 24 of 2008) for general information and implementation.

57j, Fri; "; Mcebisi Jonas

MEC for Department of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism

This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za 4 2013Eastern Update Cape Coastal Management Programme: PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za © Department of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY,

This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at Suggested citation: Breetzke, T., Moore, L., and Meyer, C. 2013. Eastern Cape Coastal Management Programme: 2013 Update. Royal HaskoningDHV on behalf of the Department of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and TourismTourism. 50pp. 5606BHISHOPrivate bag X0054 ' PORoyal Box HaskoningDHV 55, Pinetown 3600 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za Authors:Website:Tel:551 +27House, 31Tandi http://www.rhdhv.com 7195500,6 Payne Breetkze, Street, Fax: Luke +27 3610 31Moore Pinetown, 7195505 and Catherine South Africa Mayer No. 3150 5 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS I \FA t I IN SI MNIAR1 7.37.2 SpecificWild Coast Standards Management Guidelines PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, 4139 No. 3150 I\1 Rom ul to+, 1 8 RE%7.3.1 IEV Coastal Set-back line Demarcation\ I) 1\11 and Establishment 4241 2.22.1 TheBackground importance of Coastal Management Programmes 21 9 CONCLUSIONS \I 42.11 This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at 2.42.3 OutcomesThe aim and of purposethe Coastal of this Management Coastal Management Programme Programme 2 fliPt 1frf T, .1,11\ 4 VISION FOR I IIE EASTERN CAPE COAST. LIST OF FIGURES 11 (I MING PRINCIPLES1 FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THE EASTERN I I1WF F AsTERN e1PF (1)1\T 3 FigureBranch 1:2.' of The Thethe coastalDepartmentEastern management Cape of coast: Enviornmental programmea diverse Affairs.provincial development 2012) asset process (Oceans and Coasts 3 5.25.1 Socio-EconomicBiophysical Characteristics Characteristics " 85 Figure 5:4:6:3: Landcover.TheProtectedGuiding Eastern principles areas. marine Cape marine forcoastlinebioregions. the protected Eastern by mainhabitat Cape areas rivers type Coast and and critical estuaries biodiversity of the Eastern areas Capein the 546 6.1 Incorporation and Alignment of Other Relevant Documents 11 FigureEastern 7: Cape Administrative boundaries of the Eastern Cape 87 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za 6.36.2 IndicatorsKey Themes for forMonitoring Action Progress 11 Figure 8:9: SettlementGross value patterns added perin the region Eastern for theCape Eastern Cape in 2009 10 9 6.4 6.4.36.4.26.4.1 The Five Year Plan: Priority Areas and ImplementationPriority area 3:2:1: ClimateCoastalCooperative changePlanning Governance and and dynamic Development coastal processes 20161211 LIST OF TABLES ..... 6.4.66.4.56.4.4 Priority area 4:6:5: LandTheEstuaries facilitation and marine-based of coastal sources access of pollution 282422 FigureBranch 1:2: of The the coastalEasternDepartment management Cape of coast: Enviornmental programmea diverse Affairs.provincial development 2012) asset process (Oceans and Coasts 43 6.4.8information6.4.7 Priority area 8:7: Compliance.Awareness. education. monitoring training. and enforcement capacity building and 3330 Figure 5:4:6:3: Landcover,TheProtectedGuiding Eastern principles areas, marine Cape marine forcoastlinebioregions, the protected Eastern by mainhabitat Cape areas rivers type Coast and and critical estuaries biodiversity of the Eastern areas Capein the 65 6.4.9 Priority area 9: Natural Resource Management 34 FigureEastern 8:7: Cape SettlementAdministrative patterns boundaries in the Eastern of the Eastern Cape Cape 987 7.1 General Lnvironmental Management Guidelines tier the Eastern Cape Coast.... 37 Iv Figure 9: Gross value added per region for the Eastern Cape in 2009 10 INTRODUCTION1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This section of the Coastal Management Programme (CMP) provides general information on the Integrated Coastal Management process and the importance of CMPs in PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at detailed,promotingin terms having and of the realising now stipulations reached sustainable at and the assessment requirementscoastal development and of review the Integratedin stage. South TheAfrica. Coastal general The Management CMPand specific development aims Act of(Act process this No. updated 24is revisited of CMP 2008) areand as also thewell discussed.status as the quo draft Thisof theGuide update existing to has Eastern Cape CMP the Development and been undertaken updatedTheImplementation updated priority CMP areas of incorporates Coastal in respect Management new to co-operative or recent Programmes changes governance, in Southlegislation, coastal Africa. policy,planning and and sector development, plans, updated climate information change and on dynamicbiophysical coastal and socio-economicprocesses, land aspects,and marine as wellbased as ACMPsources VISION was of preceded pollution,FOR THE byestuaries, EASTERNan Inventory coastal CAPE/ Gap access, Analysis COAST education and Alignment and capacity Report, building, the main compliance features and of which monitoring, have been and naturalincorporated resource into management. the final CMP. This section of the updated 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za andvalueThis preservationsection of the coast.revisits of It andbiodiversity, highlights adopts the the whilst need 2004 promoting for vision an integratedfor sustainable the Eastern management developmentCape coast approach captured and alleviating and in tothe foster inaugural poverty. a spirit CMP. of custodianship The vision recognises in order ensure the ecological, sustainable social, use cultural of natural resources and economic TheGUIDING 2004 guiding PRINCIPLES principles for the Eastern Cape coast were adopted, and include:Retaining the coast as a national asset; Optimising coastal economic development; No. 3150

Ensuring social equity and access to resources; 7 ManagingMaintaining the the coast ecological as a holistic integrity and of indivisible the coast; system; 8 AdvocatingAdopting a risk-aversiveaccountability and and precautionary responsibility approach of all people in terms for coastal of coastal management; management; PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 PromotingAdvocating an duty integrated of care in coastal respect management to the coastal approach environment supported by all peopleby public and participation; organisations; and

This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at Insisting on co-operative governance between all spheres of society for successful integrated coastal management. characteristics.TheINVENTORY inventory analysis The ANALYSIS purpose component of this contextualises section of the CMPthe Eastern is not to Cape repeat Coast the infull terms situational of its uniqueanalysis and / state diverse of play biophysical, reports undertaken socio-economic in the developmental and demographic 2004 CMP, but rather to provide Thean update coastline using of datathe Eastern and information Cape Province that has is become approximately available 875 post km 2004. long, almostBiophysical a quarter Characteristicsof South Africa's total shoreline, and nearly one third of the province's total orjurisdictional excellent condition.boundary. InThe terms Eastern of national Cape has estuarine the most conservation estuaries of alltargets, the provinces 57 of the (159 120 systems), core estuaries representing identified, 50% are of thelocated country's in the estuaries. Eastern Cape,More than with 75% 30 are requiring full in good 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za commercialconservationInincreasing terms of fishers. fragmentation/terrestrial protection. However, biodiversity, In of terms naturalthis is of areasunder habitat.land ofcover,threat criticalThe fromEasternmuch biodiversity over-exploitation, of Capethe province's importance,has a diverse with cultivation, inresources and the economicallyform settlement continuingof exiting importantand natural to plantationsdecrease landscapes, inshore with are fishery, the located are collapse scatteredwhich in close isof targetedmost through proximity commercial by the subsistence, toEastern the linefish coast, Cape recreation populations.resulting coastal andbelt, in permissibleparticularly onextraction the Wild and Coast. resource In addition, use. there are a number of protected areas,Socio-economic including 12 marineCharacteristics protected areas and island reserves, which have varying levels of withAdministratively,recorded the highest as inhabiting growth four district, rate the occurringEastern 15 local Cape in and the inthe Nelson 2011. two AllmetropolitanMandela coastal Bay district municipalitiesMetro municipalities area and of Cacadu the showed Eastern District an increaseCape municipalities are in located population of on approximately the between coastline. 1996 16% Approximately and and 2011, 18% (except respectively 6.1 millionthe Amathole between people district), were1996 well-resourcedhighestandLondon), 2011. population The tourism, agriculturalO.R. densities. Tambosand areas.mining District Major and economic Municipality forestry. activities The maintains Eastern in the the Cape Eastern highest Coast Cape population has Coast high numberincludegrowth potential significantof 1,364,940 with manufacturing growingpeople in coastal 2011. and industryNonetheless,resort settlements, (predominantly the two tourism metropolitan in Port attractions Elizabeth areas and andhave relatively East the Product)Economic and capacity the primary is concentrated development around nodes. the Inport terms cities, of landwhich tenure, form the the economic coastal belt backbone of the Eastern of the province Cape varies in terms greatly of Grossbetween Value the Addedfreehold (regional land areas Gross Geographic in the west, the centrePRIORITIEShigh ofinvestment the province AND pressure and STRATEGIES the for communal high value land resort areas development, in the east. estuaries,The coast unplannedshares the settlementnatural advantages and overuse of beautiful of natural coastline resources. with the challenges of land degradation from PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at As per the requirements of the draft Guide to the Development of CMPs in South KeyAfrica, Themes produced and byIndicators the Department of Environmental Affairs in 2012, the updated CMP evaluationdoes not follow of progress, the key are themes included identified for each in implementationthe 2004 CMP. strategy The implementation under the nineFive framework priority Year Planareas now for reflects the next Priority five year Areas period. for implementation. Indicators, which allow for wereTheimplementation section prioritised of theas strategiesfollows: CMP provides is to address detailed the direction key issues for ofachieving concern, the and coastal build upon management directives outlinedvision during during the the current Gap Analysis ICM cycle. and InventoryThe aim ofAnalysis these prioritycomponents. areas Actions and 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za LessImplementation critical implementation actions requiring actions immediate to be completed attention before and to 3 beyears completed within 2 years J PRIORITY AREA 1: COOPERATIVE GOVERNANCEL Least critical implementation actions to be completed before end of the 5 year cycle ---41111 J governance1 partnerships, synergy, knowledge sharing and national and international responsibilities 32 DevelopEstablishment mechanismsa database of the ofprovincial for coastal co-operative stakeholderscoastal governance committee including between researchers, organs managersof state and and ensure key contacts/ co-ordination stakeholders No. 3150 654 EstablishmentAlignmentAssessment of ofEC of spatial CMPmunicipal withdistribution existingcoastal of andcommittees ICM future personnel IDPs, SDFsand increase and other their spatial capacity planning tools M 9 987 IdentificationIncorporationEstablishment of ofof international coastalco-management management obligations systems strategies and best into practice other andforums incorporation into relevant frameworks ML 10 PRIORITY AREA 2: COASTAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 2Coastal1 economic development, coastal livelihoods,levelCompile of holistic utilisation an inventory development of these and feasibilityresources and holistic assessment planning of and coastal land resourcesuse that can be utilised as drivers of Local Economic Development, and provide limits to the This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at 43 EstablishCompileimplement up buffer provincial to date zones maps coastal around of the livelihoods conservation high water strategy mark areas, as withper nationaldifferent standards, levels of sustainable delineate coastal natural set-back resource lines use and the coastal zone as per the ICM Act M 765 IdentifyProvideStreamline andor improveadministrative develop public key draft proceduresfacilities by-laws, at key and to nodesassistdatabases inwith order thefor toauthorisingimplementation meet recreational, coastal of theactivities health requirements and safety of needsthe ICIvl Act MM 98PRIORITY AREA 3: CLIMATE CHANGE AND DYNAMICProvideIdentify COASTAL coastalthe PROCESSESrequired lands infrastructurewhich have inappropriate to support coastal zonings economic or rights initiativesand identify mechanisms to address these problem areas L Promoting1 resilience Determine and designate coastal set-back lines for the Eastern Cape coast 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za 2 Protect and maintain dynamic coastal features that act as a buffer against natural coastal processes and hazards 43PRIORITY AREA 4: LAND AND MARINE-BASED SOURCESDisasterDetermine OF management POLLUTIONvulnerable areasplans and development guidelines in response to dynamic coastal processes M 2Pollution1 and waste management and pollutionEnsure and waste that new prevention developments carry out necessary preventative measures to minimise the chances and effects of pollution events M 43 EstablishmonitoringDesignWorking an for coastal integratedprogramme the Coast water pollutionwaste quality clean-up objectivesmonitoring programmes system for should the coast, be sustained based on existing monitoring structures and taking into account the integrated estuarine M PRIORITY AREA : U.] i LJ,11,:-.3 2Protection1 and Management and Financial ResourcesCompile detailed inventory of all estuaries, including an assessment of current and future threats, and information gaps Undertake strategy session to assess and prioritise estuaries PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at supportIdentify potentialto advisory sources forums of funding and access funding to undertake Eastern Cape EMPs, identified actions, research projects, initiatives, and provide 654 EstablishmentReviewDevelop existing and undertake of protected an estuarine a strategy area monitoring system to undertake to programme determine EMPs estuarine for all estuaries representation and revise accordingly M L Physical7PRIORITY access, AREA equitable6: THE FACILITATION access, access OF COASTAL preservationDevelop ACCESS strategyand facilitating for increasing custodianship social engagement and environmental awareness among stakeholders and key user groups 321 ReportUndertake on statea review of coastal of access access to the Eastern Cape coast Identification and protection of traditional resource users and cultural activities M 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za 4PRIORITY AREA 7: AWARENESS, EDUCATION, IRAINING,Provide public CAPACITY facilities BUILDING and infrastructure AND INFORMATif. to meet recreational needs and facilitate resource access by all users Awareness1 and training, information and stewardshipDevelop and implement a training and capacity building programme for coastal managers/ officials and councillors 32 IdentifyCoastal andspatial facilitate data to an be effective collected network on a regular of environmental basis learning centres I M 4PRIORITY AREA 8: COMPLIANCE, MONITORING ANDImprove ENFORCEMENT ecosystem functioning through education and public awareness programmes L No. 3150

Compliance, monitoring and enforcement 11 321 ImpactCoordinatedRegistration and effectiveness policing and training and ofdevelopment ofEMI's provincial need of toand mechanisms be municipal monitored EMIsto and encourage inreported respect compliance on. to coastal specific legislation including bylaws H 12 PRIORITY AREA 9: NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 2Ecosystem1 integrity, protected areas and rehabilitationReviewEstablish existing baselines coastal of protected utilisation areas for high and priority Marine resources Protected and Areas monitor to determine and review representation the resource and status revise of such accordingly high priority resources M 43 DevelopAssess degraded guidelines coastal to ensure areas judicious and develop and responsible and implement use of a non-renewablerehabilitation programme coastal resources (rehabilitation management plans) M L This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at ThisNORMS section ANDdetails STANDARDS the typical management practices (norms), and management rules and guiding principles (standards) informed by the updated CMP. These include futureCapegeneralimplementation CMPdevelopment environmental with respect tool footprint, managementaimed to coastal and at reducing coastal set-back guidelines planning risk lineand for demarcation schemesachievingthe Eastern will sustainable Capezoneand establishment thecoast coast coast and line fordevelopment. inthe are respect Wild included. Coast to The proposed Theextracted set-back designation activities fromis proposed existing andof coastal land to documentation. giveuse. set-back specificProvincial lines direction The government is standards a key in respect management is for responsible the to locatingEastern and for the followedthe establishment by communication of coastal viaset-back the government lines; however gazette the andMEC delineation can only declare of the line(s) such line(s) on the after municipal consultation zoning with map municipalities to inform the andpublic interested of the location and affected of parties. This is the set-back line. 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za deemedThusREVIEW far, a coastal priority AND set-backas AMENDMENTpart of lines this CMP.have been proposed only for the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality. Establishing the set-back for the Eastern Cape coast is proposedcomplianceFollowing Eastern withendorsement theCape requirements Provincial and acceptance Coastal of the Committee.ICM of Act.the updatedAd hoc, minorCMP, amendmentsthe next substantive to the programme review and should amendment be made should as and occur when five needed years after and inpublication consultation of this CMP, in with the ThisCONCLUSIONS updated Eastern Cape CMP is a product of the first review and amendment phase of the inaugural 2004 CMP. Collectively, they are intended to function as an approach,achievementintegrityintegrative wherebyor planningofeconomic integrated local and development. conditionscoastalpolicy instrument, management and Effective implementation and in implementationa the means Eastern topriorities manage Cape. of the canThis the priority be diverseis areassessed 'living' strategies array document, of and activities contained be which amended, that in in occurthis line CMPandwith in the new theshould coastal ICMemerging makeAct, zone provides a keywithout significant issues for compromising an added, contribution adaptive environmental towards the if so required. management 2 INTRODUCTION coastalIntegrated area Coastal using an Management integrated and (ICM) inclusive is a process approach, for taking the management cognisance of of all a 2.1ProgrammeFollowing the (CMP) publication for the Eastern and adoption Cape in of 2004, the inaugural the Eastern Coastal CapeBACKGROUND DepartmentManagement of lateetattemptaspects al., 1960s, 2010). toof achievethe early The coastal original 1970s,sustainable zone, concept(see including coastal UNEP, of sustainable geographical development 1972, cited development and (IUCN,in Celliers political 2006, was etboundaries, citedal., coined 2010) in Celliers in in and the an Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEDEAT) appointed explicitly suggested that economic growth and environmental integrity were not PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at Royal HaskoningDHV in August 2012 to update this policy. This review process is mutually exclusive. theas Integratedinwell White as Paperthe Coastal underlying for Sustainable Management principles Coastalline Actof integrated with(Act Development No.the 24 requirementscoastal of 2008,in managementSouth hereafter Africa,of the thedeemedNational(ICM) ICM and Act),as Environmental Management: approachagreeing framework Establishon the and process a programme TheSouthmanagement updated Africa's nationalCMP tools builds CMPand upon legislationat the the time existing ofrepresented reporting. strengths by the and inaugural successes 2004 of theCMP O programmeReviewmonitor and the CollateInformation and analyse Re-identify issues (CoastalInc, 2004), and Environmental and structures Services, these within EnviroFish the framework Africa, MBB of the Consulting requirements Engineers of the Establish vision the 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za Implement 0 and °Weaves (ICM)representsintegratedupdated in documentationthe coastalthe Eastern starting management. Cape. identifiedpoint The for CMP theby This thecycle process gap of analysis integrated is represented as well coastal as schematically the management principles byof link is important as the 2004 CMP programme MANAGEMENTTHE GENERAL COASTAL and Identify issues O updatematurityFigure process by 1, reachingwhere therefore the the ICM commencesassessment cycle in the inand stepEastern review 9 in FigureCape phase has1, of following theattained cycle. which a The first points CMPlevel of Endorsement of the PROGRAMME PROCESS goalsSet and broad

1 through 6 have been undertaken. programme objectives No. 3150 Tomanagement2.2 understand THE IMPORTANCE the(ICM), importance the OF underlying COASTAL of CMPs, management MANAGEMENT the concept system ofPROGRAMMES integrated that informs coastal coastal kVO Selectpreferred theoption s managementoptions ..2.)guidelines andFormulate 13 management in South Africa, must be briefly examined. ofFigure the Department1: The coastal of Enviornmentalmanagement programme Affairs, 20121 development process (Oceans and Coasts Branch 14 ofThe isMarine goalto improve ofEnvironmental ICM, the according quality Protection toof thelife Jointof (GESAMP, human Group communities of 1996, Experts cited on whoin the Celliers Scientificdepend et al.,on Aspects 2010)coastal developmentOne of the ways of coastal in which management ICM is put programmes into practice (CMPs). in South Africa is through the PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 2010):ecosystems.resources whileThis can maintaining be expanded the biological to read (Olsen, diversity 2003, and cited productivity in Celliers of etcoastal al., Broadly,2.3 the aim of a PROGRAMMETHL AIM AND PURPOSE OF provincial CMP is I HIS CUAS I AL MANAGEMENT to achieve the integrated coastal This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at Specificand improvement ofin the bio-physicalquality of life condition of human of populations the coastal inarea; the andwhichmanagement purpose means of ensuringobjectives the inaugural consistency in the CMP, coastal thiswith areaprogramme national under objectives. provincialtakes the Inuniquejurisdiction, line with and the diverse part aim of Thus, the ICM process must integrate government with the community, sciencecoastal area. sectoral interests in 7).(Sectionqualities The CMP 0)of andthe thereafter Easternidentifies Capeuses areas thiscoast of concerninformation into account that to require presentthrough emphasis aan strategy inventory (Section for analysisboth 6 and the conservationwithimplementing of environmental actions qualities and functions. management, and that combine investment with public in development with the preparing and coastalandpublic improve and area.communities. private coastal sectors governance, A further to create aim as of opportunities wellthis asupdated raise awarenessCMPto enhance is to aid of the thedecision-making livelihoods value of the of Best practice principles for successful ICM are summarised as follows: 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za SectoralandRoles ownership and involvement responsibilities of ICM andgoals; empowerment must be clearly must defined be cross-cutting; to encourage buy-in andThe2.4 OUTCOMES provideCMP is anintended updated, OF THE to buildcoherent, COASTAL on and integrated MANAGEMENT update existingand co-coordinated PROGRAMMEprovincial coastal framework policies, and progressContinuityBest available monitoring and data credibility and and information the of development data collection must be of utilised affectiveare essential at indicators;all times; to long-term providingparticipationlegislativedirective formanagement of coastal representatives management tools to from empower all and sectors decision-making,decision-makers of coastal communities, to as manage per the andas ICM well utilise Act as requirements. It establishes mechanisms for the comprehensive ICMandWell-defined initiate must bringchange and key diverse where issues necessary;indicators to the fore must and be promoteused to evaluate their inclusion progress in coastalsuchthe coast. as municipalities. Integrated In addition, Development the CMP provides Plans and an Spatial input into Development local planning Frameworks initiatives, of ICMConflictother process. sector resolution plans andand policies; consensus and based decision-making are key to the alongplanning.The CMP the Eastern Itcannot also Capecannotprovide coast. provide detailed, a specificsolution informationto all of the regarding problems spatial experienced coastal The 2004 vision for the Eastern Cape coast is adopted without amendment. .2,21PitlIWITAT 1

We, the people of the Eastern Cape, recognise the intrinsic value, and PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at sharedappreciateWe aim responsibility tothe take scenic ownership asbeauty, our coast ofdiversity the is coast a andunique and richness fostershared ofa asset,spiritour unique of which custodianship coastline. has social, and spiritualcultural,We aspire ecologicaland biological to manage and valueeconomic the intocoast account.value. in an integrated manner that takes both the sustainableofWe the strive province and to equitableutilise and ensures manner, the which long maximisesterm maintenance the benefits of biodiversity for all people and the natural resources of our diverse coastline in a 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za equitableWeecological strive andintegrityto promote participatory of coastal sustainable mannerhabitats. development that considers and the alleviate requirements poverty ofin anall Figure 2: The Eastern Cape coast: a diverse provincial asset stakeholders,Weimportance seek to ofguide and our takes coastlinethe management cognisance as well as of ofnational the the Eastern conservation and provincial Cape coast and interests. inbiological a way that 4 GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR T whileeliminates optimising the threats the opportunities of unsustainable that can utilisation be derived of from the thecoastal coastal resources zone. CMPThe 2004 are adopted guiding withoutprinciples amendment for the Eastern and are Cape detailedEASTERN coast in Figureas detailedCAPE 3. COAST in the 2004 No. 3150 15 16 The coast must be retained as a national asset for the benefit and enjoyment of all people of the province. PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 sustainableCoastal economic activities development that do not compromise opportunities the must long be term optimised opportunities to meet for society'speople living needs in the and coastal to promote zone. the well being of coastal1111116.. communities through This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at Ecological integrity The diversity,toCoastal resources health management and and productivity benefits efforts from of mustthe coastal many ensure ecosystems opportunities that all people, must provided be including maintained by coastal future and,resources generations, where must appropriate, beenjoy made the rehabilitated.available rights of to human the public dignity, in an equality equitable and manner. freedom. Access Holism seaThe andcoast air. must be treated as a distinctive and indivisible system, recognising the interrelationships between coastal users and ecosystems and between the land,

Coastal management efforts must adopt a risk-averse and precautionary approach under conditions of uncertainty. 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za AllfinancialCoastal people managementresponsibility and organisations foris anegative shared must impacts.responsibility.act with due care All topeople avoid must negative be held impacts responsible on the coastal for the environmentconsequence and of theircoastal actions resources. or lack of actions, including Co-operativeIntegration and Governance Participation manner.A dedicated, co-ordinated and integrated coastal management approach must be developed and conducted in a participatory, inclusive and transparent Figure 3: Guiding principles for the Eastern Cape Coast Partnershipsempower between stakeholders government, to participate the private effectively. sector and civil society must be built in order to ensure co-responsibility for coastal management and to thistheIn addition visionregard refer tothe the totrue abovethe value social principles of and the economic Eastern the element Cape's value of of coastaltourism the Eastern andneeds marine Cape to be coastline tourismgiven a assetsandspecial the has focusdelivery never under of been socio-economic economic calculated. development benefits A scientifically-based for guiding all people principle. especially socio-economic The keycoastal words methodology for communities. In highlighted in bearoundelevatedcalculating developed the the world.the importance for intrinsic theIn the implementation lightvalue of sustaining of ofthis the emerging of'blue thethis economy' 'blueProgram, 'blue economy' economy', isis underrecommended and a development separatein this regardand strategy is but alsoattention infor identifiedthe Eastern meantimeto ocean inCape priority governance thereCoastal area is a &number wayMarine has to been 2 estimateTourism (out elevated of 9 Strategy,_asthe priority value.in most areas The coastalone for Rio of the management programs the implementation +of 20 the global Summit has series of strategies to Program). This strategy will therefore include focus areas of blue economy, value of coastal tourism, Eastern Cape Coastal Route, Safety and Security in Coastal Zones, PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY,

This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at Definition of Beach Safety and Security and Beach tourism. The following coastal towns and villages could be incorporated in the proposed strategy: andSwartkops,Beach,Port StormsSt Johns,Kayser's Seaview, River Wild Beach), Mouth. Coast Skoenmakerskop, villagesHamburg, and Port resorts, Maitland Alfred, Coffee RiverKenton-on-Sea, Bay, Mouth, Kei VanMouth, BushmansStadens Haga-Haga, River River Mouth), Morgans Mouth, Jeffreys Bokness,Bay, Chintsa, Bay, Canon Aston East Bay,Rocks, London Paradise Colchester, (incorporating Beach, Port St Gonubie, Francis Elizabeth Bay, Beacon (incorporating Cape Bay, St Francis,Bonza Bluewater Bay, Oyster Kidd's Bay,Bay Legend Dstoct Munsopalities ".r South Africa's coastline is extremely diverse, and as such, its II.COARSEFINEPEBBLE GRAINED GRAINED SHINGLE SANDY SANDY BEACHESBEACH BEACH

defining characteristics need to be described at a provincial 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za Thisthedevelopmentallevel. Eastern analysis Cape draws and coast demographic from so unique,many sources, characteristics,are described including in which this data section. make and The combination of biophysical, socioeconomic, =I IWAVECUT xPOSED ROCKY ROCKY HEADLANDPLATFORM CMPdiscardinginformation that remainexisting that has relevant information become availableand components post 2004, of the without 2004 to the updated CMP and ICM - V 4 $.r, ._- 5.1process. BIOPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS No. 3150 r Indian Ocean alongThe Eastern the east Cape coast coastline of South extends Africa, for representing approximately roughly 875 km a PON: t! - !- 17 nearlyquarter one of South third ofAfrica's the province's total shoreline. total jurisdictional The coast comprises boundary Figure 4; The Eastern Cape coastline by habitat type 18

and consists of sandy beaches, rocky headlands, wave-cut platforms, bays and steep cliffs, which provide a wide variety of habitats for inshore marine organisms (DEAT, PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 and2010).resulting1998; Kouga As Coastalin one Municipalities)the travels retention and furtherEnvironmental of while one south, ofthe the thecoastline Services, most coastal unspoilt in topography 2004;the far and Figure south scenic becomes 4).becomes stretchesThe lesscoastline undulatory undulatory of the of South the again and, former African with in places, Transkei,steep-sided coastline an extensiveto due cliffsthe tonorth, falling limited flat iscoastal away typicallyaccessibility to plain the undulatory existssea (Arcus (Arcus (e.g. andGibb NelsonGibb sometimes Engineering Engineering Mandela extremely Metropolitan and rugged, and Science, Science, (VanThe2010). Eastern Niekerk Cape& Turpie, has 2012).the most Together estuaries they of represent all the provinces, approximately with 15950% systems of South stretching Africa's estuaries. from the TheBloukrans major systems Estuary includein the west the Great to the Fish, Umtentwana Estuary in the east This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at Nahoon, Kei, Mtata and Umzimvubu estuaries (DEAT, 1998). The majority of the Eastern Cape estuaries are in good (28%) to excellent (50%) ecological condition, with few Thirteensignificantlyor no modifications, of thedegraded province's respectively. without estuaries any Three likelihood are systems,considered of natural namely critically estuarine the Baakens,endangered function Papenkuils, being and restored.endangered. and Coega These (Ngcura) are predominantly estuaries, have Permanently been irreversibly Open modified estuaries. and The are remainder consequently are overfishingdeemed least and threatened. poaching; climate The major change; threats and aliento estuaries invasive inspecies. the Eastern Cape include: urban development within the coastal zone; modification of freshwater runoff; landcover 2009 I- Van Mom In terms of national estuarine conservation targets, 57 of the 120 F-1- sham. Crum Muncomin. , locatedcore estuaries in the Eastern required Cape, meet 30the of national which require biodiversity full conservation targets are 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za protection and 27 requiring partial protection (Van Niekerk & Turpie, programmes2012). Thus (e.g. far, various formsmangroves, of environmental natural management resources) and/or active MK A DI BA TI forcompletion,haveforums the formal Nahoonexist whilefor estuary Estuaryfive the estuarine managementdevelopment (A. Matoti systems pers process plans (DEDEA,comm., was 2011; 2010). recently Van A furtherNiekerk initiated six & in various stages of PORT ST JOHNS 1111101VI Turpie,settlement,In 2012). and plantations are locatedterms in close proximity to the of landcover, much of the province's cultivation, aresettlement,coast, interspersed effectively resource withillustrating use natural and thehuman habitat, desirability activity although (Figure of the they coastal5). have These becomearea areas for WOW) Ocean D increasingly fragmented along the coast of the Eastern Cape. Four marine bioregions are found off the coast of the Eastern Cape, and include the Agulhas and Natal TheSouthbioregions, most Africa prominent as with well an oceanographicas average the Indo-Pacific temperature feature and ofSouth-westof 22the °C Eastern in AugustIndian Cape Oceanand coast 27 offshore °C is in the March Agulhasbioregions (Arcus Current (Sink, Gibb Engineeringetthat al., carries 2012). warmand Science, tropical 2010). water Thesouth-westwards inshore, north-eastward past the south coast of trending littoral 2010).drift counter-current The entire Eastern carries Cape sand alongcoastline the coastline,experiences eroding strong it atwave some action places because and depositing of its exposure sand at to others the southern to form new swell, beaches with swell (Arcus heights Gibb inEngineering excess of andfive Science,meters a coastalfrequently region recorded of exceptional (Arcus Gibb scenic Engineering beauty with and a very Science, high diversity 2010). The of indigenous Wild Coast, plants stretching and animals. from the Great Kei River to the Umtamvuna River, is widely regarded as PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at The Pondoland Coast is an internationally recognized centre of endemism, meaning that a high proportion of indigenous plant species only occur here and nowhere else in Thetheand world Eastern Science, (Eastern Cape 2010). Capehas Thea Departmentdiverse use of and coastal ofeconomically Economic resources Development, important by subsistence inshore Environmental fishers, fishery, focussed which Affairs is along targeted and theTourism, byformer subsistence, 2012). Transkei recreationalcoast, is important and commercial in sustaining fishers the rural(Arcus livelihoods Gibb Engineering in what are andlargely commercialregional impoverished economy line-fisheries (Arcus communities, play Gibb an Engineering important while both role andthe in recreationalScience, the local Legend 1 Distnct MunicrpaetesProtected Areas (20111 from2010). over-exploitation, The inshore fishery with in resources the Eastern continuing Cape is underto decrease threat I= NaturalCritical LandscapesBiodiversity Areas Near Natural Landscapes with the collapse of most of the stocks of commercial linefish 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za madeInspecies terms use (Arcus of of terrestrial systematic Gibb Engineering biodiversity, conservation and Berliner Science, planning and 2010). Desmet to map critical(2007) Functronal l andsc.apes UBOIri N AIKAMB71 Easterninformsbiodiversity Cape.protected areas Critical required area biodiversity and for rural biodiversity areas land-use (CBAs) persistence, planning are depicted inwhich the COFFEE RAY A

spatially for the province in Figure 6, which shows the location No. 3150 of Existingnatural, near-naturalprotected areas, and functionalas per the landscapes 2011 National respectively. Biodiversity Indian Ocean Assessment,for the biodiversity are overlaid assets to indicate of the levels Eastern of formal Cape. protection CBAs are 19 categorizedthe Eastern as naturalCape coastal landscapes belt, and particularly are scattered in the throughout Wild Coast DataFigure source: 6: Protected Berliner areas, and marine Desmet protected 2007, areasSouth and African critical National biodiversity Biodiversity areas in the Institute Eastern Cape 20 ofthe area.the coast Wild These of Coast the are Eastern region's interspersed Cape, CBAs including withremain near unprotected. 12 natural marine landscape protected CBAs, areas which (MPAs) highlights and island the reserveshigh biodiversity which have value varying of the coastallevels of area. permissible There are extraction a number and of resourceprotected use. areas along Much PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 Administratively,both metropolitan the municipalities Eastern Cape are is dividedcoastal, into having two themetropolitan, Indian Ocean six asdistrict, their easternand `,;)CIO37 localboundary. - ECONOMIC municipalities CHARACTERISTIC' (Figure 7). Of these local authorities, four district, 15 local and This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at Africa'stheApproximatelyEastern Eastern population, Cape Cape 6.1 population in million 2011, a marked people whichrepresented decline accounted were 15.1%recorded since for of 199612.7% theas nationalinhabitingwhen of South the total A in(Statistics the Eastern South Cape Africa, showed 2012). an Allincrease coastal in district population municipalities between _..BIZI4=3 , . which1996 and showed 2011, a withdecrease the exception of almost of 10% the (Error!Amathole Not district, a valid ... a:Z7 e::7 7,771 _CT:z5:46 EI:=3 i. MOOTY, 1140tAIABATI declarationbookmark self-reference.). This anomaly is attributable to the of Buffalo City as a metropolitan municipality IL=zmo Engeobo 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za municipality'ssubsequentfollowing the loss area2011 of ofthis boundary jurisdiction. densely realignment populated The highest area process, growth from the occurred and district the triCoSitSaSa affEi5 =Mail OZZPZI CS ITIE MAVEN COFFEE BAT betweenmunicipalitiesin the Nelson 1996 Mandelawith and approximately 2011. Bay Error! Metropolitan Not16% a and valid and 18% bookmarkCacadu respectively District self- =MI EAST LONDON AEI molirrt = NMDistrict AIM Illunscipahhes tiee Local Muncems patternreference. of settlement in the Eastern Cape. uses 2009 landcover data to depict the spatial SKIMS MEN PORT astatenf PORT AL FRED CMSPINYoarAMMO ap validpopulationWhile bookmark the O.R.Tambo statistically self-reference.), betweendistrict Figure 1996 8 shows and 2011 that (Error!settlement Not a municipality had the highest - CAPE ft PRAMS ggi oMownJO* N Twee WNW. Goab 1.11a asp apartheidpopulationwas density in fact tends to be relatively low duescattered to era spatial throughout planning (Coastal and Environmental this district, and that coastal DataFigure source: 7: Administrative Municipal boundaries Demarcation of the Board Eastern Cape Services,Residential 2004). areas Spatially, are concentrated the Eastern in the Cape two coastlargest is cities, most Port densely Elizabeth populated and East in theLondon two (Coastalmetropolitan and Environmental municipalities, Services, followed 2004). by the Amathole and Cacadu districts. Theincluding Eastern significant Cape supports manufacturing a and industry (predominantly variety of economic activities, in Port Elizabeth and East London); tourism - because of resort PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at (DEAT,developmentinclude 1998). the on portPrimary many cities developmentriver of East mouths; London nodes sand and mining;in thePort Eastern andElizabeth; forestry Cape the closethelatterformer location isproximity comprisingemerging of the to as theCoega thea majorcity only Industrial (Celliers, economic river port DevelopmentBreetzke, and in the industrial country & Moore, Zone hub while (IDZ)through 2010). the in SunshineOtherIn terms significant Coast of development and development Port St. Johns potential, nodes on the includeaccording Wild Coast. Port to Alfred the Provincial on the 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za 2010),Growth the and Eastern Spatial CapeDevelopment coast has Plan high (Tshani growth Consulting potential with cc, resort attractions and situatedrelativelygrowing betweencoastal well urban nodes as well as having access to national resourced agricultural settlements, tourism areas. These areas are STORMS RIVER CAPE SI POR r ELIZABETH Tableand international 1: Population change markets. in Eastern Cape coastal district municipalities 1996- a MS It a. I MUM WAND Ser SsIlleimeit MOE 2011 Figure 8: Settlement patterns in the Eastern Cape No. 3150

Nelson Mandela Bay O.R.Tambo 1248950969518 11521201364940 15.8%8.5% Data source: South African National Biodiversity Institute 2009 21 BuffaloAlfred AmatholeCity Nzo Cacadu 370159685727749585981161 450584801344892637755200 17.8%-9.9%9.2% 6.5 22 regional economicData source: activity Statistics (Naude, South Badenhorst,Africa 2012 Zietsman, Van Huyssteen, & Maritz, 2007) and is broadly similar to what is more generally known as Gross Geographic The concept of Gross Value Added (GVA) has been used as an indicator for making estimates of PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 CityProduct metropolitans (GGP). respectively.Figure 9 clearly shows that economic capacity is concentrated around the port cities of Port Elizabeth and East London in the Nelson Mandela Gross Value Added 2009 (R m) and Buffalo This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at termsThese of regions GVA, withform less the economicsignificant backbonecontributions of the in theprovince Cacadu in 300 - 1000 JOU districtPort St.at PortJohns. Alfred and St Francis Bay; and within O.R. Tambo at F_V tom 3000 60003000 - 6000 10059 incontinuesGrowing development to place pressure along on the limited coast, naturalintroduction particularly resources, in the resulting west, of stringent water management measures, MNAMBA r limitingrainwater harvesting and re-use and, environmental controls development of water hungry land uses (Tshani PORT 3I JOHNS COFFEE BA MBOTYI theConsulting Eastern cc, Cape 2010). varies In greatlyterms of between land tenure, the freehold the coastal land beltareas of THE HAVEN 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za areasin the in west,the east. the Oncentre both of of the the province freehold andand thecommunal communal areas, land AEI MOUTH thehighbeautiful coastal investment regioncoastline generally pressure with the shares challengesfor high both value the of natural land resort degradation advantages development, from of PORI ALFRED andresidential the overuse estates of natural linked resourcesto golf courses, (Tshani unplanned Consulting settlementcc, 2010). STORMS RIVER CAPE ST FRANI..3 PORT ELIZABETH Pomo, lhanch.. Bay Met.t., DataFigure source: 9: Gross Council value added for Scientific per region and for Industrialthe Eastern Research, Cape in 2009 2010 Issues that encapsulate coastal managementPRIORITIES objectives arising AND STRATEG from the general objectives of ICM, the ICM Act as well as issues Identified during the stakeholder spatialTheengagement strategic development process value oftrends are the incorporated coastal are among zone underthe is keywell this informantsunderstood section. of in coastal the role management that it plays priorities, in strategies and objectives for the updated Eastern Cape CMP. human development. Given its importance, demographic, socio-economic and PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY,

This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at 6 1 INCORPORATION ANn VINMFNT OF OTHFR REI FVANT Don IMENTS reporttheTheincorporation updated update have ofinformed document a policyof key this such legislation,and document. whichas the needpolicyCMP torequires, documents be updated among and or othersectoromitted. things, plans The the whichstand-alone analysis have beenof alignment existing developed documentation report or component updated to sincedetermine of the the CMP last which updateCMP components was process adopted needfocused in to2004. beon theThe synthesis outputs incorporated into of this and theThe6.2inaugural Department White Paper version of for Enviornmental ofSustainable the Eastern Coastal Affairs,Cape CMPDevelopment 2012), in 2004.the implementation Inproposed line with key KEYthe frameworkthemes structure THEMES for ofFOR actionhas the ACTIONbeen draft as theamendedGuide implementation to the to reflectDevelopment frameworkpriority ofareas CMPs for CMPs,for in implementation South and this approach for the was current adopted ICM forcycle. the Africa (Oceans and Coasts Branch of 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za This shift has been incorporated into this updated CMP. INDICATORS I-OR MONITORING PROGRESS includemoreIf6.3 undertaken effectively indicators correctly, (Oceans to allow indicators andfor evaluation Coasts serve Branch bothof progress. as of athe corrective DepartmentThese fall function under of Enviornmental duringthe umbrella the project categoriesAffairs, cycle 2012). -of enabling governance, With this timely in ecological mind,adjustments, the andpriority and/orsocio-economic areas as fora guide implementation indicators. to structuring (Section future 6.4) also projects This6.4 section of the CMP provides detailed direction for achieving theTHE coastal FIVE YEAH management PLAN: PRIORITY vision (Section AREAS 3) AND during IMPLEMENTATION the current ICM cycle. The aim of these priority areas No. 3150

and implementation strategies is to address the key issues of concern, and build upon directives outlined during the Gap Analysis and Inventory Analysis components. 23 24 Prioritisation was classified as follows: PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 Least criticalLessimplementation implementation critical implementation actions actions requiring to actions be completed immediate to be completed before attention end before and of the to 3 beyears5 year completed cycle within 2 years This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at FEATURES OF THIS PRIORITY6.4.1 PRIORITY AREA AREA 1: COOPERATIVE GOVERNANCE ComplianceContinuedIntegrated,Participation learningco-ordinated withof all International stakeholders, and practical decision conventions, coastal implementationmaking, governance planning protocols of andprogrammes &and co-responsibility; management; agreements. and processes; and pudic participabon 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za Goal 1k Governs°e pal! narshIps ' pannerships dedicatedinterrelationships effort co-responsibility Priority- area 1: CO-eperatrve Governance., _ Goal 1B: Synergy consensus-buildingrolesintegration and responsioilibes and co-ordination Goal 1C10 NationalKnowledge I International shanng responsiibilibes practicalcoastal management implementation initiative International convenbons. protocols and agreements KEY ISSUES / GoalGOALS lA IN PRIORITY AREA To ensure meaningful public participation, and to promote partnerships between all forms of government, the private sector and civil society O-(NG0s, bjectives private sector & traditional leadership) in order toPublic foster participation; co-responsibility in coastal management Partnerships PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at O- verview ThereCo-responsibility shall be meaningful public participation in all coastal planning and management efforts. AOrgans caringmanagement. of and State responsible shall proactively attitude seektowards to develop the coast partnerships shall be encouraged with the private amongst sector, all coastal-resource civil society and theusers research to foster community co-responsibility in coastal for planningits and Goal 1B ObjectivesTo promote a dedicated, co-operative, co-ordinated and integrated coastal planning and management approach 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za IntegrationDedicatedInterrelationships effortand co-ordination Overview AllConsensus-buildingRoles planning and and responsibilities management efforts shall demonstrate that the inter-relationships between coastal ecosystems and human users have been taken into trainedaccount.Provision and experiencedshall be made personnel, to ensure appropriate that there is technical adequate equipment financial supportand capacity (dedicated for coastal resource planning allocation and management for coastal plans is sufficient and management), for organs of suitably state, No. 3150 Institutionalincluding municipalities, arrangements to carryshall promoteout their dialogue,mandate effectively.co-operation, co-ordination and integration within and between government departments, the 25 ConflictThelocal).private roles shall sectorand be responsibilities andresolved civil society.wherever of government possible indepartments a collaborative must problem-solving, be clarified and consensus-buildingclearly understood atmanner. all levels of government (national, provincial and 26 Goal 1C andTo conduct adaptation coastal planning and management activities in a manner that promotes learning through continuous research, monitoring, review PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 OverviewObjectives CoastalPractical management implementation activities This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at The dedicated coastal management initiative developed must continue to be implemented and adapted through a process of continuous research, To fulfil international and trans-boundary responsibilities,Coastalmonitoring, planning whilst review retainingand and management adaptation. South Africa'sactivities sovereigntyshall be strategic, focused, practical and operational as well as SMART' OverviewObjectives International conventions, protocols and agreements

Relevant international conventions, protocols and agreements shall be complied with as they relate to the Eastern Cape Province 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za PRIORITY AREA 1: COOPERATIVE GOVERNANCE Implementation strategies Indicators Priority Time frame WorkLead Plan Supporting Budget Resource Plan Potential stakeholdersDevelop a database including of coastalresearchers, Developed database ongoing DEDEAT agency Coastal agencies Operational costs DEDEAT funders coastalEstablishmentstakeholdersmanagers committee and ofkey the contacts/ provincial TermsMinutes of reference of meetings asap DEDEAT stakeholdersCoastal Operational costs DEDEAT Specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time bound Implementation strategies Indicators Priority Time frame WorkLead Plan Supporting Budget Resource Plan Potential organsoperativeDevelop of mechanisms stategovernance and ensure forbetween co- co- A recordattendance of diverse at PCC meetings ongoing DEDEAT agency stateOther relevant agencies Operational costs DEDEAT funders ordination departments PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at ofAssessment ICM personnel of spatial and increase distribution CompletedParticipationassessment spatial in capacitycapacity thenWithinmonths 6 DEDEAT DEA annumthenInitial R100000 R250 000 per DEDEAT, DEA Alignmenttheir capacity of EC CMP with existing AssessmentIncreasedbuilding programmes ofcapacity all coastal Assessmentongoingby end Initial R150 000 spatialand future planning IDPs, toolsSDFs and other incorporatedCoastalIDPs, SDFs components in IDPs reviewbyInclusion2013 next IDP DEDEAT Municipalities operationalthen costs DEDEAT 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za Establishmentcommittees of co-managementmunicipal coastal TermsMemorandumSystemsMinutes of reference ofestablished meetings of M ongoingyearWithin 1 DEDEATMetrosDistrict & / communitiesstakeholdersDEDEAT, coastal R100Operational 000 / costs DEDEATMetro'sDistrict & / managementIncorporationsystems ofstrategies coastal into other CrossAgreementsitems pollination on other of forums agenda M ongoing DEDEATCOGTA stateOther relevant Operationalannum costs COGTADEDEAT

forums departments No. 3150 obligationsIdentification and bestof international practice and obligationsaspectsAssessment of internationaland of relevant End 2015 DEDEAT, Operational costs frameworksincorporation into relevant updatesaspectsincorporation into future of relevant CMP L DEA municipalities CMP)(part of National DEA 27 28 o 10PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 FEATURES i.-)F THIS 6.4.2PRIORITY PRIORITY AREA AREA 2: COASTAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT Emphasis on local economic development opportunities and approval procedures; This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at HolisticIdentification planning and and exploitation development of sustainable processes livelihood with emphasis opportunities; on sustainable and and equitable spatial development trends in the coastal zone. ApprovalCoasteconomic -dependantprocedures development acbvtbes potential Goal 2k coastal economic development MaricutturePuolictacaltbesPorts and related and Aquacutture faalities Priorrtf area 2 Coastal Planning and Development Tourism, leisure and recreation 26 MARCH2014

www.gpwonline.co.za Mining Goal 2C:28: Coastalholistic developmentlivelihoods OppoiluntliesCoastal development in conservation Coastaland sustainable areasdevelopment livekhood opportunities Goal 2D: holistic planning and landuss . ManagementDesign KEY ISSUES / GOALS IN PRIORITY AREA 2 coastalTo promote or dependent the diversity, on a vitalitycoastal andlocation long-term taking viabilitythe upliftment of coastal of coastal economies communities and activities, into account giving preference to those that are distinctly Objectives ApprovalEconomic procedures development potential Coast-dependantPorts and related activities facilities Tourism,MiningMariculturePublic facilitiesleisure and and aquaculture recreation Overview PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at toCoastalThe Preferencethose long planning,activities term shalleconomic administrativethat be couldgiven development beto distinctlylocated and management potential inland. coastal of economic coastal decision-making localities development andapproval regions opportunities procedures shall be and promoted. shall to activities be clarified that and are streamlined dependent andon a duplication coastal location, avoided. rather than CoastalAdequateCognisanceMariculture tourism, and needs andaccessible leisure aquacultureto be andtaken public recreational ofopportunities facilities Ports, small-craft shalldevelopment and be providedinitiatives harbours opportunities'/initiatives at shalland appropriate relatedbe supported facilities coastal whereshall and locations beski-boat such identified byactivities launchboth and conservation siteswould promoted should have authorities atbeneficialbe appropriate effectively impactsand managed coastalcoastal for locallocations.municipalities. communities Goal 2B To alleviate coastal poverty through proactive coastalAll activities development relating to initiatives coastal prospecting that generate and mining sustainable rights shall livelihood be conducted options in an environmentally responsible manner. 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za Objectives OpportunitiesCoastal development in conservation and sustainable areas livelihood opportunities Overview shouldManageDevelopment promote conservation sustainableopportunities areas livelihood thatin a seekmanner options. to eliminatethat increases coastal the poverty value of shall the coastalbe proactively zone. identified through local economic development initiatives and 0- Goal 2C To maintain an appropriate balance between built, rural and wilderness coastal areas No. 3150 Objective 29 0- Overview Coastalbeauty developmentplanning of coastal efforts areas, shall while proactively promoting identify the densification and promote existing new, sustainable,coastal corridors distinctively and nodes, coastal and development limiting ribbon opportunities development. that retain the scenic 30 o 10PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 Goal 2D ObjectivesandTo design constraints and manage coastal settlements to be in harmony with local and regional aesthetic, amenity, biophysical and cultural opportunities This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at I- ManagementDesign I- Overview CoastalandManage constraints settlementsthe design of the andand coastal builtassociated formzone. of activities coastal settlements shall be managed in harmony to promote with the and aesthetic, enhance amenity, the socio-economic biophysical, benefits, economic, diversity, social andhealth cultural and productivity opportunities of I- coastal ecosystems. PRIORITY AREA 2: COASTAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za Limplementation strategies Indicat Priority Timeframe Lead agency Work Plan Supportingagencies Budget Resource Plan Potentialfunders resourcesfeasibilityCompile an assessmentthat inventory can be andutilisedof coastal as inventoryInaugural coastal resources CapeSANBI, Parks Eastern SANBI, DEA, resourcestoDevelopment,drivers the level of Local of utilisationand Economic provide of theselimits frameworksintoIncorporation decision-making of inventory End 2013 DEDEAT Agency,and Tourism DEA R500 000 DEDEAT Approved coastal livelihoods ParksEastern and Cape ParksEastern and Cape livelihoodsImplement strategyprovincial coastal assessmentsCoastalstrategy livelihoods End 2013 DEDEAT COGTAAgency,Tourism R500 000 DEDEATAgency,Tourism Implementation strategies Indicators Priority Timeframe Lead agency Work Plan Supporting Budget Resource Plan Potentialfunders ML highCompile water up mark to date as mapsper national of the Delineated and adopted DEA, Surveyor agencies R2.5m DEA, Surveyor back lines and the coastal zone as coastal zone General General PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at per the ICM Act 4 MarineDevelop Tourism Eastern Strategy Cape Coastal & CoastalApproved & EasternMarine TourismCape End of DEDEAT ParksEastern and Cape R500 000 DEDEAT BufferStrategy zone needs analysis 2015 AgencyTourism R200 000 Eastern Cape 5 levelsconservationEstablish of sustainable buffer areas, zones withnatural around different establishedCoastal-specificundertaken buffer zones M End 2014 TourismParksEastern and Cape SANParksSANBI,DEDEAT, DEA, bufferinitially,R500 zones 000 for Agency,TourismParks and 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za resource use bioregionalIncorporation planning into Agency and SANParksSANBI, 6 proceduresStreamline administrativeand databases for planningEstablishment databases of combined (GIS) M End 2014 DEDEAT DWA Operationalincorporation DEDEAT Provideauthorising or improve coastal activitiespublic departmentsand protocols for all Initially end Department of assessmentInitialcosts RuralDepartment of 7 healthmeetfacilities recreational, and at safetykey nodes needs in order to ImplementationassessmentKey nodes/needs for the of findingsprovince M ongoingthen2014 and municipalitiesDEDEAT, andDevelopmentRural Land asimplementationR500 per 000, detailed andReform,Development Land (MIG No. 3150 Reform project budgets funding) 31 8 requirementsimplementationlaws,Identify to andassist develop of with theof the ICM key Actdraft by- By-lawsDraftcompletedNeeds by-laws identification adopted developed M ongoingthen2014Initially and end municipalitiesDEDEAT, budgetsdetailedthenInitial as R750 per project 000 COGTADEDEAT, 32 Implementation strategies Indicators eframe Lead agency Work Plan Supportingagencies Budget Resource Plan Potentialfunders PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 9 andinappropriateIdentify identify coastal mechanisms zonings lands which or rightsto have ActioncompletedTown planning taken investigation L End 2015 DEDEAT Municipalities operationalinitiallyR500 000 then COGTADEDEAT,

This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at address these problem areas costs 10 initiativestoinfrastructureProvide support the coastal required economic activitiesEnhanced coastal economic After 2015 departmentsstateandMunicipalities relevant DEDEAT projectAs per detailedbudgets departmentsstateandMunicipalities relevant FEATURES OF THIS 6.4.3PRIORITY PRIORITY AREA AREA 3: CLIMATE CHANGE AND DYNAMIC COASTAL PROCESSES PhasedResponding retreat to dynamicof infrastructure coastal processin high risk through areas. increased resilience of natural and social systems; and 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za Pnonty area 3 Climate change and dynamic coastal processes Gcal promotin; resilience CoastalClimate retreathazardschange KEY ISSUE / GOALSGoal 3AIN PRIOFUTY AREA 3 To plan and manage coastal development so as to avoid increasing the incidence and severity of natural hazards and to avoid exposure of people,Objectives property and economic activities to significantCoastal risk fromhazards dynamic coastal processes CoastalClimate changeretreat Overview TheCoastalmanagement. potential development consequences shall be of planned medium- to and minimise long-term disruption climate of change dynamic and coastal associated processes sea-level and riseto avoid shall exposurebe taken intoto significant account in risk all fromcoastal natural planning hazards. and Phased coastal retreat will be prioritised as a principle which informs existing and future coastal development PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at PRIORITY AREA 3: CLIMATE CHANGE AND DYNAMIC COASTAL PROCESSES -Mr ImplementationDetermine and strategies designate coastal Indicators Priority Timeframe Lead agency Work Plan Supportingagencies MO Budget Resource Plan Potentialfunders 1 coastset-back lines for the Eastern Cape Gazettedlines coastal set-back End 2013 DEDEAT,DEDEAT DEA R2.5m DEDEAT,DEDEAT 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za 2 buffercoastalProtect against featuresand maintain natural that act dynamiccoastal as a Intact natural systems Ongoing TourismParksEastern and Cape SANParks,DEA, costsOperational TourismParksEastern and Cape processesDetermine and vulnerable hazards areas and CoastalDocumented vulnerability extent index of the Agency,municipalities SANBI municipalitiesAgency, 3 processesresponsedevelopment to dynamic guidelines coastal in climateDevelopmentalimpacts change on the induced coastalguidelines zone M End 2014 DEDEAT DEA Rlm DEDEAT, DEA No. 3150 4 Disaster management plans Plans developed M End 2014 andMunicipalities industry DEDEAT, DEA Asproject per detailed budgets andMunicipalities industry 33 34 6.4.4 PRIORITY AREA 4: LAND AND MARINE-BASED SOURCES OF POLLUTION PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 FEATURES Of THIS PRIORITY AREA AdherenceReducing and to theresponding waste management to land and marinehierarchy based of reduce, sources reuse, of pollution recycle. in the coastal zone; and

This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at Goal 4k pollution and was management Pollutionpollution prevenbondisasters and waste minimisation Priority area 4 Land and marine based sources of pollution Goal 4E4 Pollution and waste prevention PolkitionHumanEcosystem hearth monitorin; health KEY ISSUE / GOALSGoal 4A IN PRIORITY AREA 4 To implement pollution control and waste management measures in order to prevent, minimise and strictly control harmful discharges into

coastal ecosystems 26 MARCH2014

www.gpwonline.co.za Objectives PollutionImplement disastersprevention national guidelines and waste minimisation O- verview ThePlans discharge and programmes of all land-based point and diffuse sources of pollution that are likely to end up in coastal ecosystems sector,guidelines.shall be including prevented, estuary or at managementleast minimised plan, and and strictly be implemented controlled as per the ICM Act requirements, the EC waste management plan and waste management The national guidelines in respect to land based sources of pollution in the marine environment must be integrated into required.adverse consequences of human-induced coastal pollution disasters and hazards. Disaster management plans must be reviewed annually and updated, if CurrentAdequate planning and effective and programmes anticipatory must and be reactive re-prioritised measures in line shall with be the reviewed EC waste and management supported inplan order requirements to reduce theand additional budget allocated for both implementation and monitoring. Implementation should be coordinated by the EC PCC.

Goal 4B To manage polluting activities to ensure that they have minimal adverse impact on the health of coastal communities, and on coastal ecosystems and their PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at Objectivesability to support beneficial human uses PollutionHumanEcosystem health monitoring health Overview notimplemented exceeded. to ensure that discharges of organic and bio-degradable substances are minimal, and that the assimilative capacity of coastal ecosystems is Pollution-control and waste-management measures, as detailed in the Eastern Cape Waste Management Plan, shall be 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za human health, use and enjoyment of coast and should take cognisance of any coastal management objectives set. The discharge of pollutants and waste into coastal ecosystems shall not be allowed to reach levels that adversely affect PRIORITY PollutionAREA 4: LAND monitoring AND MARINE must be BASED improved SOURCES in all sectors OF POLLUTION of the coastal zone. Implementation strategies LIndicators _ Priority Timeframe Lead agency Work Plan Supportingagencies Budget Resource Plan Potentialhinders No. 3150 1 andmeasuresoutEnsure necessary effects that to of newminimise pollutionpreventative developments the events chances carry approvalsintoconditionsPollution coastal specific incorporated development Mk M Ongoing DEDEAT DWA, DEA costsOperational DEDEAT 35 36 DEDEAT, PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 2 upWorking programmes for the Coastshould waste be sustained clean- Ongoing WftC initiatives M Ongoing DEA ParksEasternmunicipalities, and Cape programmeDEA DEA Design an integrated pollution DEA,AgencyTourism SANBI, costs This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at monitoring system for the coast, monitoringDevelopment system of pollution municipalities, thestructuresbased integrated on existingand estuarinetaking monitoring into monitoring account ofIntegrationprogrammeImplement monitoring Adopt& coordinationactivities a Beach andCapeDWA, Tourism Parks Eastern systemR150 000 for DEDEAT objectivesEstablishprogramme coastal water quality waterDevelopment quality objectivesof coastal municipalitiesDEA, DEDEAT,Agency DWA needsmunicipalityAs per DEA

6.4.5 PRIORITY AREA S: ESTUARIES 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za FEATURES OF THIS PRIORITY AREA SecuringEstablishing sufficient and implementing financial resources a strategy to fund to improve and implement the management identified andactions, protection research of estuarine projects, resources;initiatives, andand advisory forums. PrionlisaL:n Priority area 5 Estuanes Goal !A. Protection & management 1 MonitoringEstuaryProtected Management areas Plans Goal 5E1 Financial resources ImplementationFunding social engagement and awareness KEY ISSUE Goal/ GOALS 5A IN PRIORITY AREA 5 To manage and protect estuarine resources Objectives EstuaryPrioritisation Management Plans Protected areas PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at Overview SocialMonitoring engagement and awareness AnwithinterventionsEstuaries estuary priority management shall estuarine including be assessed systems, plandetailed shall and and ecological beprioritized all developed estuary water for management developmentand requirement implemented plans of studies. estuary forshall each bemanagement incorporatedestuary according plans, into coastal urgent to the developmentconservation,National Estuarine planning rehabilitation Management (EM F, and SEA, other Protocol IDP, management SDF beginning etc) in AnEstuarinespecies,order adequate to preventpopulations research estuarine degradation and andprotected monitoring landscape of area ecosystem shallprocesses system be healthimprovedshall as perbe and establishedthe to functionality, trackrequirements the comprising health loss of CAPEstatus,of biodiversity unique Estuaries pollution and and healthyConservationlevels, provision utilisationestuaries, of Plan. ecosystem andto conserve outcomes goods different of and management services. typologies, actions habitats, and

should form part of estuary management plans. 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za estuaryCommunity management. engagement, public participation and awareness programmes shall be promoted to foster appreciation and understanding of the benefits of Goal 5B ObjectivesTo develop a sustainable estuarine research and development programme responding to estuary management needs Funding Overview Implementation No. 3150 toestablishment estuary management of regional goals estuary and committees objectives. and estuary advisory forums and to undertake necessary management actions. Operationalize,Funding shall be implement, sourced tocapacitate support estuarineand sustain research efforts to on plan, systems manage, where monitor information and report is lacking, on progress to facilitate in respect the 37 38 PRIORITY AREA 5: ESTUARIES Work Plan Resource Plan PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 Implementation strategies Indicators Priority Duration Lead agency CapeDEA, EasternParks Supportingagencies Budget Potentialfunders This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at Compile detailed inventory of all High quality GIS database, and Tourism DEDEAT, DEA, 1 threats,assessmentestuaries, and including ofinformation current an and gaps future Threatphotographyincluding and gap maps assessment and aerial End 2013 DEDEAT researchMunicipalities,CapeNature,Agency, R150 000 ProgrammeCAPE andCapeDEA,institutions Tourism EasternParks 2 Undertake strategy session to ListMinutes of priority of strategyestuaries session and 3 months DEDEAT CapeNature,Agency Operational DEDEAT 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za assess and prioritise estuaries needsassociated management researchMunicipalities, costs Identify potential sources of EMPsFunding completed secured and expertsinstitutions, 3 identifiedundertakefunding and actions, Eastern access researchCape funding EMPs, to implementedEducation programmes Ongoing DEDEAT Programme,CAPE Operational DEA, DEDEAT supportprojects, to initiatives, advisory andforums provide forumsCapacitatedandResearch initiated projects estuary identified advisory DEA, DWA costs 4 estuariesto Developundertake and EMPs undertake for all a strategy implementationCompletionprioritizedSpecific ToRs estuaries and developed of EMPs for End 2013 DEDEAT andCapeDEA, Tourism EasternParks compilecostsOperational to programmeCAPE Implementation strategies Indicators Priority Duration Lead agency Work Plan Supporting Budget Resource Plan Potentialfunders advisoryEstablishment forums /of committees estuary consultanciesMunicipalities,Agency, agencies EMPstrategy;R300 000 ca. per Protected areas DEA, Eastern PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at encompassing targeted 5 accordinglysystemrepresentationReview to determineexisting and protected estuarine revise area and/orestuaries/habitats,preferably marine linked protected and to terrestrial M End 2014 DEDEAT CapeNature,Agency,andCape Tourism Parks costsOperational SANBI StewardshipareasEstuarine database programme/s containing CapeDEA,Municipalities EasternParks 6 monitoringEstablishment programme of an estuarine catchment/data,photography,regularly mouth updatedhydrological state water data, aerial quality data, 1 End 2015 municipalitiesDEDEAT, DWA, researchAgency,and Tourism R250 000 ProgrammeCAPE

biological data, alien invasive institutions, 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za EnvironmentAnnualplant coverage reporting education consultanciesexperts, Develop strategy for increasing programmesInstitutionaluniversities awareness in schools and CapeDEA, EasternParks As per 7 stakeholdersenvironmentalsocial engagement and awareness key and user amonggroups groupsruralOutreach communities programmes and userto L End 2014 municipalitiesDEDEAT, WESSA,Agency,and Tourism needsmunicipality municipalitiesDEDEAT, No. 3150 informationareassignageInformative (resorts, at key brochurescentres) communallibraries, and CapeNature 39 40 o 10PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 FEATURES OF THIS 6.4.6PRIORITY PRIORITY AREA: AREA 6: THE FACILITATION OF COASTAL ACCESS Promoting and managing access to coastal public property; This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at PromotingRecognising custodianshipand the facilitating importance and equitable of stewardship access access preservation; of to the coastal coastal and resources zone. and coastal public property; Goal ISA: physical access ManageingOpportunities public for public access access Pnont) area 6 The facilitahon of coastal access Goal 6D:6B equitableaccess preservation access Equitable access TraditionalHistorical and and cultural cultural resources adAntes Goal 6D facilitating CUstoalanship Seashore 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za KEY ISSUE / GOALS IN PRIORITY AREA 6 Parastatal coastal resources Goal 6A ObjectivesTo ensure that the public has the right of physical accessOpportunities Managingto the sea, public forand public toaccess and access along the sea shore, on a managed basis Overview incompatibleWhereOpportunities appropriate, uses. for public public access access shall shall be beprovided managed at appropriate (planned, mapped, coastal locations,controlled and or consolidated) improved where to minimise necessary, adverse as per impacts the ICM and Act to requirements. resolve Goal 6B ObjectivesTo ensure that the public has the right of equitable accessEquitable to the access opportunities and benefits of the coast, on a managed basis Overview Access to coastal resources shall be allocated and used in a manner that is fair and just, with particular attention given to the needs and economic ObjectivesTo preserve, protect or promote historical and culturalupliftment resources of disadvantaged and activities communities. of the coast Historical and cultural resources PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at Overview TraditionalCoastal resourcesand cultural of activitieshistorical, archaeological, cultural and scientific value shall be identified, regulated and preserved, protected or promoted and access To ensure that the State fulfils its duties as the legalTraditional custodianincorporatedfacilitated andof where all culturalinto coastal appropriate.environmental activities State assets along management on the behalf coast of shallprocedures. the bepeople regulated of South and Africa given special consideration in coastal planning and management, and Objectives CoastalSeashore resources 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za Overview CoastalTheinterest, State resources shall and retaincoastal under ownership land the shall control and not of ensurebe parastatal alienated effective organisations for managementprivate purposes. or communities, of the seashore in theand case per ICMof former Act assignments. Transkei land-claims, shall be managed in the public No. 3150 41 42 PRIORITY AREA 6: FACILITATION OF COASTAL ACCESS Work Plan Resource Plan PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 Implementation strategies provisionReview of coastal access Indicators Priority Timeframe Lead agency Supportingagencies Budget Potential funders This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at 1 theUndertake Eastern Cape a review coast of access to accessmodificationReview to theof restrictionscoastline of these and on End 2013 DEA MunicipalitiesDEDEAT, RIM DEA 2 Report on state of coastal access AnnuallandDesignatedrestrictions reports coastalwhere to DEA necessary access M ongoing Municipalities DEA budgetOperational Municipalities 3 Identification and protection of coastalIncorporateProvincial policies SIA strategies undertaken into ProvincialEastern Cape p HeritageSouth African ProvincialEastern Cape culturaltraditional activities resource users and usesPrevention of heritage of places,inappropriate M End 2014 ResourceHeritage AgencyResource R1M ResourceHeritage 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za Provide public facilities and activitiescontrol of illegal Agency Operational Agency 4 resourcerecreationalinfrastructure access needs to bymeet alland users facilitate ProvisionkeyAmenity coastal needs of nodes coastal assessment amenity of L End 2015 Municipalities DEA budgetsspecificprojectbudget & funding)/Municipalities COGTA (MIG FEATURES OF THIS PRIORITY6.4.7 PRIORITY AREA AREA 7: AWARENESS, EDUCATION, TRAINING, CAPACITY BUILDING AND INFORMATION InstillingPromotionFacilitation a sense ofof knowledge knowledge of ownership sharing production of ofthe coastal andcoastal exchange; issues; zone amongstand all stakeholders. Goal 7A awareness and training Public awareness Pnonty area 7 Awareness education training capacity development and information Goal 7B information Information exchangesystem Education and training Sense of ownership PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY,

This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at Goal 7C stewardship KEY ISSUE / GOALS IN PRIORITYoa AREA 7 coastalTo promote planning public and managementawareness about the coast and educate and train coastal managers and other stakeholders to ensure more effective

Objectives 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za Overview EducationPublic awareness and training Goal 71 TheEducationto ECvia coastal-awarenessthe Eastern and training Cape programmes Environmental and education for Empowerment allprogramme relevant officials, must Services. compliment stakeholders As well the as andNational include communities aprogramme, proactive shall outreach be be sensitive developed and communication to regionaland implemented and plan. local andneeds reported and reported on. ObjectivesTo promote effective, accessible and co-ordinatedResearch research, spatial planning as well as access to information No. 3150 Information exchangesystem 43 Overview AnclimateThe effective, integrity change ofaccessible mustspecies, be researched.andhabitats co-ordinated and the productivityintegrated spatial of coastal planning ecosystems, system mustthe impacts be designed of future and development maintained toand support population coastal growth planning as well and as 44 Goal 7C To instil a sense of ownership of the coast by communitiesAdequatemanagement andinformation efforts a recognition in exchange the Eastern of andits Cape. intrinsic dissemination value mustto the be Eastern ensured Cape between scientists, coastal managers and all relevant stakeholders. PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 Objectives StewardshipSense of ownership programmes This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at Annual events Overview StewardshiprecognitionPublic awareness of programmes its intrinsic programmes, value should to education bethe encouraged Eastern and Cape. equitable and regulated access to to ensure resources a sense should of leadownership to the andappreciation shared responsibility of a sense of of ownership the coastal of zonethe coast and Opportunities created by annual events, such as the annual sardine run, must be capitalised upon to improve ICM awareness PRIORITY AREA 7: AWARENESS, EDUCATION, TRAINING, CAPACITY BUILDING AND INFORMATION Work Plan Resource Plan 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za Implementation strategies Indicators Priority Timeframe Lead agency Supportingagencies Budget Potentialfunders 1 forandDevelop coastal capacity and managers/ buildingimplement programmeofficials a training and implementationFeedbackWorkshops from attended efforts End 2013 DEA DEDEAT budgetprogrammeNational DEA 2 onCoastalcouncillors a regular spatial basis data to be collected AerialLidarRemote surveys surveys sensing undertaken undertaken undertaken M ongoing GeneralDEA, Surveyor DEDEAT Asspecific per project costing GeneralDEA, Surveyor 3 centresnetworkIdentify and of environmental facilitate an effective learning Co-ordinatedOperationalinformationEffective sharing network research of M End 2014 SANCOR, CSIR DEDEAT,Universities, DST costsOperational DST 4 throughImprove educationecosystem and functioning public programmeawarenessEducationEducainitiatives raising developedan puc and and public L End 2015 DepartmentDEDEAT, EC of DEA annumR200 000 per DepartmentDEDEAT, EC of Work Plan Resource Plan Potential awarenessImplementation programmes strategies implemented Indicators Priority Timeframe Education Lead agency Supportingagencies Budget DEAEducation, funders

6.4.8 PRIORITY AREA 8: COMPLIANCE, MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at FEATURES OE THIS PRIORITY AREA: PromotionFacilitation ofof thecompliance environmental with applicable management coastal inspectorate legislation; and and facilitation of training and designation of environmental management inspectors. Prtortty area 8 Compliance. monitoring and enforcement Goal 84 compliance. monitoring and enforcement ; BEs PriorityCompkance Projects 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za KEY ISSUE / GOALS IN PRIORITY AREA B To promote compliance with coastal and other relevant regulations Objectives ComplianceEMI's Overview CompliancePriority projects with coastal and other applicable regulations must be encouraged and improved. No. 3150 toCurrentensured. Designationensure and their future andimplementation ECspecialised priority projects, training offor EMIs example within the provincial wild coast and illegal local cottages government project, must should be supported be supported and adequate and enforcement human and task capital teams resources established 45 46 PRIORITY AREA gi COMPLIAN MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT I PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 Time- Work Plan , . : In . ilk Implementation strateg BuiltIncreased capacity number to enhance of EMI's Indica' I frame Lead a . ge DEDEAT, udget p Potential,funders This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at 1 provincialRegistration and municipal and training EMIs of in Increasedenforcement convictions effort Before end DEA, SAPS ParksEastern and Cape As per national Ian DEA, SAPS respect to coastal specific 2013 programme legislation including bylaws effortsStrengthenedIncreased compliance law enforcement DEA,AgencyTourism 2 encouragedevelopmentCoordinated compliance policing of mechanisms and to IncreasedAwareness compliance raising programmes ongoing SAPS TourismParksEasternDEDEAT, and Cape costsOperational SAPS DEDEAT,Agency 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za Established reporting 3 reportedImpactEMI's and needon. effectiveness to be monitored of and NumberreviewAnnualmechanism report of convictions / performance M 2013Before end DEA, DEDEAT AgencyTourismParksEastern and Cape costsOperational DEA, DEDEAT 6.4.9 PRIORITY AREA 9: NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FEATURES OF THIS PRIORITY AREA: TheTo maintencance assessidentify and effectivelyrehabilitate of ecosystem manage damaged integrity coastal and and degradedprotected health; coastalareas ecosystems and habitats. , inlcuding marine protected areas; and ,-- Goal 9A ecosystem integrity Ecosystem health Pnority area 9 Natural resource management . Goal 98:9C protectedrehaoilitation areas Past and future responsicilitiesIntegrationCoastal protected areas PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at KEY ISSUE / GOALS IN PRIORITY AREA 9 To maintain the diversity, health, and productivity of coastal processes and ecosystems i ObjectivesOverview Ecosystem health 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za ofThe the biological Eastern Capediversity, Biodiversity natural functioningConservation and Plan ecological and other integrity, plans (SDFs, health EMFsand productivity and other coastalof coastal plans) ecosystems shall be maintained as per the requirements Goal 9B ObjectivesTo establish and effectively manage a system of coastalCoastal protectedprotected areas areas Overview Integration No. 3150 theAn adequatediversity, systemhealth and of protected productivity areas of coastaland special ecosystems, areas shall habitats be established and species and (as managed per the torequirements represent all of coastal the EC ecosystems, protected area to restore expansion and strategy).maintain 47 Goal 9C ObjectivesTo rehabilitate damaged or degraded coastal ecosystemsCoastal protected and habitats areas shall be integrated across both the land and sea, where practical. 48 Rehabilitation PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 Overview CoastalEnsureMaintenance ecosystems that rehabilitated and habitats ecosystems that have and been habitats substantially are maintained degraded though or damaged proper planning as a result and of environmental past human activities capacity shall building. be rehabilitated.

This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at PRIORITY AREA 9: NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ReviewImplementation existing coastal strategies Indicators Priority Time frame Lead agencyWork Plan Supportingagencies Budget Resource Plan Potentialfunders 1 representationprotectedProtected areas Areas and and reviseto Marine determine needingAssessmentrepresentationCompleted protection review of % of to coastal determine area to 2013Initialend prior AgencyTourismEC Parks and DEA,DEDEAT,Cape SANBINature, costsOperational ProgrammeCAPE accordingly PriorityAction plan resources developed identified 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za Establish baselines of utilisation Baselines established 2 resourcemonitorfor high priorityand status review resourcesof such the high and plansResource-specificeachResource highformulated statuspriority reviewed resourcemanagement for M to end2014Initial prior AgencyTourismEC Parks and DEA,DEDEAT,CapeNature, SANBI costsOperational ProgrammeCAPE Assesspriority resourcesdegraded coastal areas AssessmentresearchIncorporate plan incompleted provincial EC Parks and Initial R500 000 3 plans)(rehabilitationrehabilitationand develop and programmemanagement implement a preparedSpecificcompletedRehabilitation rehabilitation and Programmeimplemented plans M to 2014Initial prior AgencyTourism DEA,DEDEAT,CapeNature, SANBI specificthen project costs ProgrammeCAPE 4 coastalnon-renewablejudiciousDevelop resources and guidelines responsible to ensure use of Guidelines developed L End 2015 DMR DEDEAT R250 000 DMR 7 NORMS AND STANDARDS FOR THE EASTERN CAPE COASTAL ZONE existingspecificoutcomes,Norms are andareas, ormanagement proposed to and ensure guidelines guidelines. legal practices compliance. that Standards thatare moreare For regardedfor generic.the the purposes Eastern asThese typical ofCape guidelinesthe or EasternCMP best are practice.have Cape proposed been CMP, Standards derived for norms coastal fromaretake set-back management the gapform line analysisof demarcationenvironmental rules report and guidingandas management well establishment. principlesas from guidelines,the to 2004achieve CMP both certain with objectivesreference or and include both to PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at The7.1 following guidelines have been extracted from existing documentationGENERAL ENVIRONMENTALidentified in the Gap MANAGEMENT Analysis report GUIDELINES component ofFOR this THE project. EASTERN CAPE COAST Table 2: GeneralConsolidationCategory Environmental Management Guidelines for the Eastern Cape Coast Guideline Land use planning must be aligned with national policy so that national Rationale Opportunities exist to secure South Africa's marine and coastal protectedand expansion areas of Allnamelyconservation natural a target forests targets of should30% for of different haveestuaries a highnatural conserved. degree asset of types protection, are adhered but will to, be network.Southhabitats. Africa is poised to expand its Marine Protected Area 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za Ifstate.more a municipality difficult to attain,is endowed since withso many conservation of the existing assets forests of high are value, in a thenpoor OverexploitedservicesMPAs are and valuable socio-economic fish stocksnational can assets benefit. recover that and deliver provide ecosystem long-term Formalthem,land uses should conservation that be support promoted. areas and shouldadd value be consolidatedto the assets andrather new than developments detract from food and job security. Conservationshould be concentrated of biodiversity where assets there are is alreadyidentified development. in this strategy as of No. 3150 coastalcritical importancemanagement if sustainabilityin the Eastern is Cape, to become but true a definingsustainability feature means of 49 Implementation initiatives.makingCatchment allowances management for communities should to be benefit considered from conservation as a critical input into and Consideration of the catchment area in relation to the estuary is 50 managementof special incorporated into any estuary management planning processes. a key concept. There are many small catchments in the PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 areas Norivers.A River removal Corridor, of riparian a zone vegetation, 30m wide onand each especially riverbank, no ploughing,is proposed should along beall EstuariesdevelopmentimportanceTranskei/Wild are optionsimportant Coast in region. assets,that catchment. An both estuary for their of productivehigh conservation services linked to a small catchment will constrain This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at Noallowed sand within mining 30 should m of riverbanks.be allowed within estuaries. recreational(mangroves activities) and biodiversity. in places, fish and shellfish, sense of place, agriculturecapacityLarger catchments, to andabsorb forestry. thesuch impacts as the Mzimvubuof large-scale and landMtata uses, rivers, such have as a irrigated greater protection.Riparian ecosystems are a critical resource in river channel providesomeEverything form a suite that of ofinformal is products woodland, protection and including services and bushveldto properthe subsistence ormanagement, forest, economy. needs asto havethey belttherefore,woodland,The alsoTranskei needs as occupies partCoastal to beof whatthe managedBelt, areas gives comprising andimmediately the protected. landscape a mosaic inland itsof character,grassland of the coast, andthis Fresh water flowing into the sea is not wasted and is critical for 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za Expand alien Successful alien eradication programmes for alien invasive trees (e.g. Earlyecosystem detection, functioning. risk assessment and quick management action programmeseradicationinvasive species Theattempted.rooikrans) eradication must of continue. the European shore crab (Corcinus maenas) must be can prevent future invasions by alien species. naturalpressuresReduce resource on the shoreaccessAccess access frompoints e.g. from to boatthe e.g. coast launch parking must sites, areas be slipways limited, and paths). and stormpossibly These water arereduced pipes,also areas (sea and pressureExtractive on use the of coastal coastal zone. resources remains the single greatest base Fishingwhere alien pressures species must are likelybe reduced, to become for example,established. by reducing commercial impactcumulativeofCoastal assessments. developments effects, which These pose are a effects major often threatincludenotthe taken to organic many into componentsaccount pollution by of coastal and marine environment, owing to their Abalonewithenforcementand/or strict poaching recreational control. of themust Marine fishing be stopped. Living quotas Resources Specific and promoting abalone Act. reserves compliance are needed, with and theenvironment,run-off coast and alterationsea, and the of dunenegative movement, impacts onincreased estuaries. access to and sewage, transformation of the supratidal de Ina ecosystemmakerscontrolled.Coastal must developments services,When consider considering and how and who the their willchange land bear associated use inthe landchange cost use impactsof alternatives, willany affect change must the be indecision-supply servicestrictly of supply. PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at preventExisting deteriorationsettlements/nodes of the must natural be properlyenvironment. managed Current and badmaintained practices to provided,Servicemust be reversedinfrastructure must be and maintained. degraded provided areas rehabilitated. in nodal areas, and proposed to be The7.2 following guidelines have been extracted from existing documentationWILD COAST identified MANAGEMENT in the Gap GUIDELINES Analysis report component of this project and relate specifically to the

spatial area of the Wild Coast. 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za Table 3: Environmental Management Guidelines for the Wild Coast PromoteGuideline local economic development Description endemicDevelopment poverty on persists,the Wild effortsCoast andto protect in Wild the Coast environment communities will in must the long take term, place not and succeed; at an accelerated rate. If DevelopmentnodesIn order increased; to facilitate should essential be nodal development, in nature, meaning more developmentthat there should nodes also must be beareas created that remainand the undeveloped. size of some No. 3150 Development nodes should cater for a range of types and scale of development; 51 outsideDevelopmentsInfrastructure the Coastal provision and economicCorridor, must bein activities thisfocussed case that more on do development thannot specifically 1 kilometre nodes; needfrom and theto be coast. in a coastal location should be located 52 PrioritiseGuideline estuary management Description aEstuaries suitable thatbuffer are with still estuaries, pristine and at leastundeveloped 100 metres should in most be retainedcases. Developments in that state and and all economic development activities should that have are PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 accessPromote holistic spatial planning and equitable developmentsThepotentially immediate polluting that coastal prevent should zone publicnot isbe a uselocated resource of the near coastal common rivers area; and to estuaries;all and should not be exclusively occupied by large This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at The rights of communities that have historically occupied and used the coastal corridor must be acknowledged. SpatialSuch communities planning formust should the attempt Wild however Coast to redress notshould expand imbalances as far within as possible ofthe the coastal past, be aligned corridor;and must with promote existing equity; plans and policies, including Expand protected areas WhereMunicipalities.The Eastern possible, Cape the Provincial following areas Spatial should Development be incorporated Plan and into the core Spatial protected Development areas: Frameworks of coastal

o All demarcated forests; 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za o AllThe estuaries remnant and examples mangrove of swamp communities; forest; o contiguousTheAll remnant scenic grasslands; dunewonders forest; ofand the coastline such as between Drews camp and Luphatana as well as the targetsExisting set formal in the Protected Presidential Areas Program must be ofc expandedAction, and and specifically new formal Outcome Protected 10, shouldAreasThe forested established.be pursued; river In gorges this regard of Msikaba, the Mtentu, Sikombe, Nyameni, Mzamba and Umtamvuna. encouragedpermittedRemaining underIndigenous exceptional Forest on circumstances. the Wild Coast Indigenousmust be protected Forest and rehabilitation forest clearing projects of any should kind should be strongly only be The7.3 !CM Act mandates provincial CMPs to implement nationalSPECIFIC norms STANDARDS and lineeitherprohibits is whollyto protector restricts or partly or preserve the seaward construction, coastal of the public line.extension The property; intention or repair coastal of of the structures private coastal property; set-back that are asthestandards, White Paper which for are Sustainable to be defined Coastal in thethe Development National CMP. (DEAT, At the 2000) time wasof updating, deemed National CMP. Standards within the White utilised (Celliers,public safety; et al. the2009). coastal protection zone; and the aesthetics of the coastal zone predominantly to inform the priorities and strategies for the implementation Paper were While the establishment of coastal set-back lines is a provincial responsibility, the PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at Withcomponentlead this agents current of this has ICM document. been cycle identified the designation as a key ofmanagement coastal setback and linesimplementation by provincial tool delineatedpublishinginterestedMEC can only andonregulations the declareaffected map set-backor inparties mapsthe Gazette. (I&APs).line(s)that form after part consultation of the municipal with Municipalities zoning scheme. and OnceThe determined, MEC must this communicate line must bethis by aimed at reducing risk and ultimately, achieving sustainable coastal development. TherelationThis coastalis done to existing set-backso that cadastral the is proposedpublic boundaries may to determine give (Celliers, specific the et directionposition al. 2009). of in the respect set-back to locating line in Theprovincial establishment responsibility.7.3.1 of COASTALcoastal In theset-back SET-BACK Eastern lines LINE Cape, DEMARCATION draft coastal AND set-back ESTABLISHMENT lines have is identified in the ICM Act as a governancecoastlinethe future development structures should footprint ensure and thatcoastal future planning decision schemes making iswill in zone line with the in respect to proposed activities and land use. Effective coastal

been successfully delineated for the Nelson Mandela Bay the National Coastal Management Programme (CMP) and its proposed norms and 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za of Municipality.CMPs in South In keeping Africa (Oceanswith the requirements and Coasts ofBranch the Guide of the to Departmentthe Development of Metropolitan Coastalstandards set-back to assist lines decision may makersbe established in respect for to various best practice. reasons and there may be easilyandlineEnviornmental delineationalignment applied; somustand Affairs, as allow beto ensureundertaken2012), for skills methodologiesthat transfer inmethodologies to andexisting standards and and measurement new for coastal government canset-back be a manner that promotes consistency linesandbemore an control thanwill anticipated assist one the set-backheight in erosioncontrolling of line buildings set-back in any development togiven protectline, area. while a alongspecificFor another example, an scenic ecologically may one landscape.relate set-back to sensitive aesthetics Set-backline may or undertaken,officials.back line With delineationthe this DEDEAT in mind, and needs and adoption, considering to decide including on the a preferred theset-back requirements methodologyline projects for stakeholder alreadyfor set- protectThevulnerable ultimate or preserve: area, intention or any of area the coastalthat poses set-back a hazard line, or as risk defined to humans in the (DEAT, ICM Act, 2000). is to No. 3150 guidanceengagement. in this It regard. is anticipated that the DEA will provide additional direction and suchCoastal as parking;public property such as beach amenities and other infrastructure 53 backorindicateCoastal an linearea set-backthe may that limit even poses of lines, developmentbe a situated ashazard detailed outsideor along risk in the to theecologically humansICM coastal Act, (CMPP, zone.are sensitive prescribed The 2000). coastalor vulnerable Theboundaries set-back coastal areas, linethatset- properties;Coastal private property such as private residences and business 54 ThePublic aestheticscoastal safety protection in or the "sense-of-place" face zone; of extreme and of climate the coastal and otherzone. natural events; PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150

This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at 8Following endorsement and acceptance of the REVIEWupdated CMP, AND it AMENDMENTIs recommended andthatupdated adinthe consultationhoc, nextCMP, minor substantive in compliance amendments with the amendment project with to the the steering requirements programme occur committee. five be yearsof madethe afterICM as Act.publicationand Itwhen is suggested needed of this

Managing the uniquely complex and sensitive environments that comprise the 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za coastal zone is a challenging task, requiring strategic objective setting, definitive challengeseffectivenessandnot implementable only inthat termsand it faces,improve of goals its and natural efficiency. andas such andongoing ansocialThe approach Easternmonitoring environments, asCape described of coastal indicators but also abovezone in isterms becomes diverse, of the to ensure growth.absolutelymanagefunction This crucial theas updated an diverse whenintegrative CMP, arraystriving in ofplanning conjunctiontowards activities andsustainability that with policy occur the instrument, 2004 inof thecoastal CMP, coastal settlement andis intendedzone a means without and to to compromisingintegratedprogrammeimplementation coastal shouldenvironmental of management the make priority a significant strategies in the Eastern contribution contained Cape. towardsin this coastal the achievement management of integrity or economic development. Effective 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY forDevelopment Management Services. (2005). Athe Spatial Development Framework Wild Coast. Wild Coast Project: Conservation and Sustainabale EnvironmentArcus Gibb Engineering Report 2009. and Eastern Science. Cape (2010). Department The Eastern of Economic Cape Development State of the Tourism.EasternDevelopment, Cape (2012). EastDepartment Draft London. Spatial of Economic and Environmental Development, Management Environmental Guidelines Affairs for and the and Environmental Affairs, East London. Wild Coast of the Eastern Cape Province. Discussion Document for internal PROVINCIAL GAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at DepartmentBerliner, D., &of Desmet,Water Affairs P. (2007). and ForestryEastern CapeProject Biodiversity No 2005-012, Plan East Technical London. Report. EasternGovernment Cape Use, Parks. East (2009). London. Eastern Cape Parks Board People and Parks Final IntegratedCelliers,Environmental L., Coastal Breetzke, Consultants, Management T., & Moore, Durban. Act. L. GuidelineR. (2010). Document, A Toolkit for SSI implementing Engineers and the Knecht,Hinrichsen,Strategy: & 2009-2011. N. D. Foster (1999). (Eds.), Two The Year TrendsCoastal Action and Population Plan, Future East Challenges Explosion. London. forIn B.U.S. Cicin-Sain, National OceanR. W. Affairs,ResponseCoastal Bhisho. and Strategy. Environmental Department Services. of Economic Development and Environmental (2011). Eastern Cape Climate Change Naude,Oceanicand Coastal A., and Badenhorst, AtmosphericPolicy (p. 142).W., Administration. Zietsman, Silver Spring: L., Van U.S. Huyssteen, Dept. of E.,Commerce, & Maritz, J. National (2007).

Geospatial Analysis Platform - Version 2: Technical overview of the mesoframe 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za CoastalDepartmentInc. (2004). and Environmental ofThe Economic Eastern Services,Affairs,Cope Coastal Environment EnviroFish Management Africa,and Tourism, MBB Programme. Consulting Bhisho. Eastern Engineers Cape Oceansmethodology and Coastsand South Branch African of theGeospatial Department Analysis of Enviornmental Platform. Pretoria: Affairs. CSI (2012). R. A PotentialTourism,Department Atlas South (ENPAT)of EnvironmentalAfrica. of Atlas, the National Department Affairs Deportment and of Tourism. Environmental of Environmental(2001). Affairs The Environmental andAffairs Tourism, and Affairs.DepartmentGuide to the ofDevelopment Environmental of Coastal Affairs. ManagementCape Town: DepartmentProgrammes of in Environmental South Africa. DevelopmentPretoria. Management Services. (2005). A Spatial Development Framework Enviromentek.WildReyers, Coast B., Conservation & Ginsburg, A.and (2005). Sustainable Conservation Development Assessment Project. for East the London: Wild Coast. CSIR No. 3150 forSustainable the Wild Coast. Development Spatial Developmentand Conservation, Framework, Durban. The Wild Coast Project: Sink, K., Holness, S., Harris, L., Majiedt, P., Atkinson, L., Robinson, T., et al. (2012). 55 forDevelopment,Development EastManagement London. Services. (2005). A Spatialthe Development Framework Wild Coast. Wild Coast Project: Conservation and Sustainable AfricanCoastalNational National Component. Biodiversity Biodiversity SouthAssessment African Institute. 2011: National Technical Biodiversity Report Institute. Volume Pretoria: 4: Marine South and 56

Smith, K., Veranth, J., Kodavanti, U., Aust, A., & Pinkerton, K. (2006). Acute PROVINCIALGAZETTEEXTRAORDINARY, No. 3150 SRKAmbientPulmonary Consulting. Environmental and (2006). Systemic Particles. Strategic Effects Toxocological Environmental of Inhaled CoalSciences Assessment Fly Ash in forRats: the Comparison Wild Coast. to , 93 (2), 390-399. TheStatisticsFoundation Wilderness South of South FoundationAfrica. Africa. (2012). of Census South 2011Africa. Statistical release - P0301.4. Pretoria: East London: The Wilderness This gazette isalsoavailable freeonline at TheTshaniStatistics Department Consulting South of Africa.cc. Housing, (2010). ProvincialLocal Government Spatial Development and Traditional Plan -Affairs. Eastern Bhisho: Cape. VanUN-Habitat. Niekerk, L., & Turpie, J. (2012). National Biodiversity Assessment 2011: CSIR/NRE/ECOS/ER/2011/0045/B.Technical Stellenbosch: Council for Sicentific Research. Report. 2014: Volume 3: Estuaries Component. CSIR Report Number EconomicMyles, P.B. Development in the Eastern Cape. South Africa, Tourism in Coastal Route Tourism:Vol.9. A No.Vehicle 3 - 4, for pp. Collaborative 169 - 179, E-ISSN 2169 - 0197 26 MARCH2014 www.gpwonline.co.za Marine Environments, 3150—

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